THI ĐỀ NGHỊ
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN HUỲNH MẪN ĐẠT - KIÊN GIANG
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS)
Circle A, B, C or D that best completes each of the following sentences.
1. WORD CHOICE (5pts)
1. She was in the office all of Wednesday and so has a……………alibi.
A. stale B. considerable C. broad D. cast-iron
2. The camel has adapted to survive in an …………… environment like the desert for many days without water.
A. acidic B. alkaline C. arid D. avid
3. A special feature of the room is the huge picture window which …………… a splendid view of the Quantock hills.
A. allows B. affords C. enables D. presents
4. He still suffers from a rare tropical disease which he …………… while in Africa.
A. infected B. complained C. gained D. contracted
5. Some people prefer to watch a film first, and then read the ……………in the paper.
A. critic B. revue C. review D. criticism
6. We want everyone to begin the test……………
A. simultaneously B. unexpectedly C. indefinitely D. continuously
7. You are bound to find information on the stock market crash of 1987 in the newspaper ……………
A. files B. archives C. records D. collections
8. What stands out from The Voice Kids is that many young children are……………with natural talent for music.
A. bestowed B. conferred C. endowed D. vouchsafed 9. Most critics praise that actor's work but I think he's rather……………
A. over-played B. over-rated C. over-blown D. over-priced 10. Marlene is quite …………… - I don't know she manages to fit everything in.
A. inexhaustible B. tiresome C. inexorable D. indefatigable
II. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (5 pts)
1. Sheila will inherit everything…………… her uncle’s death. A. on account of B. in spite of C. in the event of D. in place of 2. The newspaper report contained…………… important information
A. many B. another C. an D. a lot of 3. …………… comes a time when you have to make a decision and stick to it.
A. It B. Here C. There D. That 4. There is no point in phoning him. He’s certain…… by now. A. to leave B. to have left C. left D. having left
5. In such a plight…………… that we had no choice but to radio for help. A. we found ourselves B. we ourselves found C. did we find ourselves D. did we ourselves find
6. Mrs. Lan went to …………… school to meet her son’s teacher.
A. zero article B. A C. an D. the
7. You may borrow as many books as you like, provided you show them to……………is at the desk.
A. whoever B. who C. whom D. which
8. Would you be……………to hold the door open?
A. too kind B. kind enough C. as kind D. so kind
9. I’ll enter the competition if you……………
A. would B. should C. will D. shall
10. Why are you so mad? You …………… me you weren’t coming to dinner. I waited for you for two hours.
A. should tell B. should have told C. ought to tell D. should be told
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS
(5 pts)
1. He'll have to buckle……………to his work soon if he wants to pass his finals. A. up B. in C. down D. for 2. His poor handling of the business …………… on negligence. A. neared B. edged C. approached D. bordered 3. After its engine failed, the small boat…………… with the current.
A. waved B. tossed C. hastened D. drifted 4. There is a rumor that the National Bank is going to …………… the company I work for. A. take on B. overtake C. take over D. take off
5. Why don 't you have a night out? It would take your …………… off your worries. A. thoughts B. heart C. mind D. head 6. The government decided to …………… down on income tax evasion. A. press B. crack C. push D. snap 7. If we…………… over the details, we’ll never finish filming this episode by today. A. niggle B. discuss C. huddle D. mob 8. The Corporation is laying…………… a lot of money on building a new creation center. A. down B. off C. into D. out 9. She's decided to …………… her German by attending an evening course. A. brush up B. patch up C. polish off D. dust off 10. I didn't really want to go to the party, but I thought I’d better put……………an appearance. A. away B. in C. off D. on
IV. COLLOCATIO NS AND IDIOMS (5 pts)
1. That Mary is an …………… liar; you must take what she says with a small grain of salt. A. incorrigible B. incurable C. irredeemable D. irremediable 2. I knew my mother would…………… a face the minute she saw my new haircut. A. drag B. lift C. pull D. raise 3. If you don’t stop smoking, you …………… the risk of developing chronic bronchitis. A. bear B. suffer C. make D. run 4. He was a pickpocket and had to spend many years behind …………… A. windows B. prisons C. cells D. bars 5. If you say you'd like ……………of cream on your strawberries then you don't want very much cream. A. a dash B. oodles C. lashings D. a dollop 6. In her speech the Prime Minister…………… tribute to the valuable contributions to society made by voluntary organizations. A. paid B. sent C. brought D. gave 7. Tamara has set her …………… on becoming a ballet-dancer. A. feet B. brain C. heart D. head
8. The football team Manchester United paid…………… to sign up the Brazilian twins Rafael and Fabio Da Silva when they were only eighteen. A. their heart in it B. an arm and a leg C. a good heart D. their eyes to eyes 9. He spoke well though it was his …………… speech. A. first-hand B. maiden C. slurred D. prime 10. In his …………… days, he was quite dandy.
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V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 pts)
Read the following passages carefully and circle A, B, C or D that best answers the questions.
READING PASSAGE 1 (5 pts)
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
Slavery was legal for over 200 years in some parts of North America, particularly the southern states of the United States, where the plantation system of agriculture depended on the labor of slaves, most of whom came from Africa. Slaves had no rights or freedoms because they were thought of as property. From the time of its origin, slavery had opponents. The abolitionist movement began in the 1600s when the Quakers in Pennsylvania objected to slavery on moral grounds and wanted to abolish the institution.
In 1793, Canada passed a law abolishing slavery and declared that any escaped slaves who came to Canada would be free citizens. Slavery was already illegal in most northern states; however, slaves captured there by slave hunters could be returned to slavery in the South. Canada refused to return runaway slaves or to allow American slave hunters into the country. It is estimated that more than 30,000 runaway slaves immigrated to Canada and settled in the Great Lakes region between 1830 and 1865.
The American antislavery movement was at the height of its activity during the 1800s, when abolitionists developed the Underground Railroad, a loosely organized system whereby runaway slaves were passed from safe house to safe house as they fled northwards to free states or Canada. The term was first used in the 1830s and came from an Ohio clergyman who said, “They who took passage on it disappeared from public view as if they had really gone to ground”. Because the Underground Railroad was so secret, few records exist that would reveal the true number of people who travelled it to freedom. The most active routes on the railroad were in Ohia, Indiana, and western Pennsylvania.
Runaway slaves usually traveled alone or in small groups. Most were young men between the ages of 16 and 35. (A) The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture and boxes in steamers and on rafts. (B) They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving only a few miles each night, using the North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad daylight. (C) Boys disguised themselves as girls, and girls dressed as boys. In one well-known incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral procession from Kentucky to Ohio. (D)
The railroad developed its own language. The trains were the large farm wagons that could conceal and carry a number of people. The tracks were the backcountry roads that were used to elude the slave hunters. The stations were the homes and hiding places where the slaves were fed and cared for as they moved north. The agents were the people who planned the escaped routes. The “conductors” were the fearless men and women who led the slaves toward freedom. The “passengers" were the slaves who dared to run away and break for liberty. Passengers paid no fare and conductors received no pay.
The most daring conductor was Harriet Tubman, a former slave who dedicated her life to helping other runaways. Tubman made 19 trips into the South to guide 300 relatives, friends and strangers to freedom. She was wanted dead or alive in the South, but she was never captured and never lost a passenger. A determined worker, she carried a gun for protection and a supply of drugs to quiet the crying babies in her rescue parties.
A number of white people joined the effort, including Indiana banker Levi Coffin and his wife Catherine, who hid runaways in their home, a “station” conveniently located on three main escape routes to Canada. People, could be hidden there for several weeks, recovering their strength and waiting until it was safe to continue on their journey. Levi Coffin was called the “president of the Underground Railroad” because he helped as many as 3,000 slaves to escape
The people who worked on the railroad were breaking the law. Although the escape network was never as successful or as well organized as Southerners thought, the few thousand slaves who made their way to freedom in this way each year had a symbolic significance out of proportion to their actual numbers. The Underground Railroad continued operating until slavery in the United States was finally abolished in 1865.
1. Why did thousands of runaways slaves immigrate to Canada?
A. They preferred the climate of the Great Lakes region. B. Working conditions for slaves were better in Canada, C. Canada had no laws restricting immigration. D. Former slaves could live as free citizens in Canada.
2. The phrase “The term” in paragraph 3 refers to ………….. A. Antislavery movement B. Abolitionist C. Underground Railroad D. free state
3. The word “fugitives” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ………….. A. Leaders B. old men C. runaways D. brave ones
4. All of the following are mentioned as methods of escape on the Underground Railroad EXCEPT A. Hiding in a hay wagon B. Wearing a disguise C. riding in a railcar D. walking in a procession
5. The author discusses the language of the Underground Railroad in paragraph 5 in order to …………… A. Trace the history of American English words B. Illustrate the secret nature of the escape network C. Point out that some words have more than one meaning D. Compare the Underground Railroad to other railways
6. The word “elude” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ……………. A. avoid B. follow C. find D. assist
7. Which of the following statements is true about passengers on the Underground Railroad?
A. Their destination was in the northern states or Canada. B. They were not allowed to make stops during the journey. C. Their babies were disguised to look like baggage. D. They paid the conductors at the end of the journey.
8. Why was Harriet Tubman wanted dead or alive in the South?
A. She was a criminal who carried a gun and sold drugs. B. She refused to return the runaway slaves that she captured, C. She was an escaped slave who led others to freedom. D. She became the president of the Underground Railroad.
9. It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that the author most likely believes which of the following about the Underground Railroad?
A. The people who worked on the railroad should have been arrested. B. The railroad was unsuccessful because it could not help every slave, C. Southerners did not know about the railroad until after it closed. D. The railroad represented a psychological victory for abolitionists.
10. Where would the following sentence best fitted into paragraph 4? Women and children also escaped, but they were more easily captured.
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D)
READING PASSAGE 2 (5 pts)
The Amazonian wilderness harbors the greatest number of species on this planet and is an irreplaceable resource for present and future generations. Amazonia is crucial for maintaining global climate and genetic resources, and its forest and rivers provide vital sources of food, building materials, pharmaceuticals, and water needed by wildlife and humanity.
The Los Amigos watershed in the state of Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru, is representative of the pristine lowland moist forest once found throughout most of upper Amazonian South America. Threats to tropical forests occur in the form of fishing, hunting, gold mining, timber extraction, impending road construction, and slash and burn agriculture. The Los Amigos watershed, consisting of 1.6 million hectares (3.95 million acres), still offers the increasingly scarce opportunity to study rain forest as it was before the disruptive encroachment of modern human civilization. Because of its relatively pristine condition and the
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salad B. green C. fruit D. vegetable
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immediate need to justify it as a conservation zone and as a corridor between Manu National Park and the Tambopata-Candamo Reserved Zone, this area deserves intensive, long-term projects aimed at botanical training, ecotourism, biological inventory, and information synthesis.
On July 24, 2001, the government of Peru and the Amazon Conservation Association, represented by Enrique Ortiz, signed a contractual agreement creating the first long-term permanently renewable conservation concession. To our knowledge this is the first such agreement to be implemented in the world. The conservation concession protects 340,000 acres of old growth Amazonian forest in the Los Amigos watershed which is located in southeastern Peru. This watershed protects the eastern flank of Manu National Park and is part of the lowland forest corridor that links it to Bahuaja-Sonene National Park. The Los Amigos conservation concession will serve as a mechanism for the development of a regional center of excellence in natural forest management and biodiversity science.
Several major projects are being implemented at the Los Amigos Conservation Area. Louise Emmons is initiating studies of mammal diversity and ecology in the Los Amigos area. Other projects involve studies of the diversity of arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Robin Foster has conducted botanical studies at Los Amigos, resulting in the labeling of hundreds of plant species along two kilometers of trail in upland and lowland forest. Los Amigos has also been a major field site for Robin's rapid identification laminated photographic field guides to tropical plants. Michael Goulding is leading a fisheries and aquatic ecology program, which aims to document the diversity of fish, their ecologies, and their habitats in the Los Amigos area and the Madre de Dios watershed in general.
With support from the Amazon Conservation Association, and in collaboration with US and Peruvian colleagues, the Botany of the Los Amigos project has been initiated. At Los Amigos, we are attempting to develop a system of preservation, sustainability, and scientific research; a marriage between variousdisciplines, from human ecology to economic botany, product marketing to forest management. Thecomplexity of the ecosystem will best be understood through a multidisciplinary approach, and improved understanding of the complexity will lead to better management. In essence, we must be informed to make wise management decisions about Amazonian forests. These forests hold the greatest number of species on our planet and are an irreplaceable resource for present and future generations. The future of these forests will depend on sustainable management and development of alternative practices and products that do not require irreversible destruction.
The botanical project will provide a foundation of information that is essential to other programs at Los Amigos. By combining botanical studies with fisheries and mammology, we will better understand plant/animal interactions. By providing names, the botanical program will facilitate accurate communication about plants and the animals that use them. Included in this scenario are humans, as we will dedicate time to people-plant interactions in order to learn what plants are used by people in the Los Amigos area, and what plants could potentially be used by people.
To be informed; we must develop knowledge. To develop knowledge, we must collect, organize, and disseminate information. In this sense, botanical information has conservation value. Before we can use plant-based products from the forest, we must know what species are useful. We must know what their names are in order to be able to communicate accurately about them. We must be able to identify them, to know where they occur in the forest, how many of them exist, how they are pollinated and when they produce fruit (or other useful products). Aside from understanding the species as they occur locally at Los Amigos, we must have information about their overall distribution in tropical America in order to better understand and manage the distribution, variation, and viability of their genetic diversity and germplasm. This involves a more complete understanding of the species through studies in the field and herbarium.
1. The phrase “genetic resources” refers to…………..
A. plant seeds
B. different races of people
C. diverse species of plants and animals
D. cells that can be used in genetic cures for diseases
2. In paragraph 2, the author emphasizes that the current environmental condition of Amazonian South America is…………...
A. mostly unscathed B. restorable through his project C. irredeemable everywhere but in the Los Amigos watershed D. varying from destroyed to virtually pristine 3. The word “concession” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to …………... A. grant B. acknowledgement C. apology D. compromise
4. The author implies in paragraph three that the agreement between Peru and the Amazone Conservation Association is history primarily because it…………...
A. was the first long-term agreement regarding land in the Amazone Rainforest B. represented the first time a South American government had agreed to renew a conservation agreement C. is essentially a permanent conservation agreement D. represents the first time such an agreement has been in the form of a renewable contract
5. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to…… A. demonstrate that conservation efforts have been historically successful and so should be continued B. garner support for opposition to destructive activities in the Los Amigos watershed C. position the Los Amigos watershed agreement as a success towards the achievement of the vital goal of conservation the Amazonian rainforests D. argue that the study pristine rainforests is essential for documenting and studying the myriad new species that the forests contain 6. The author’s tone in the passage can be best described as…………... A. advocacy for his project over the other competing projects B. general praise for conservation projects in Amazonian South America, C. passionate support for his and related projects D. zealous advocacy for his point of view 7. The work of Louise Emmons, Robin Foster, and Michael Goulding (in the fourth paragraph) are employed in the passage as………….. A. colleagues of the author’s in his botanical project B. examples of the kinds of activities the author and his colleagues are trying to halt C. scientists who are represent new trends of study in Amazonian botany D. scientist involved in projects related and amenable to the author’s 8. The author's botanical project involved all of the following EXCEPT…………... A. studying plants in laboratory B. studying how plants are used by humans and animals C. facilitating pharmaceutical use of plants D. labeling plants in the Los Amigos area 9. When the author says that the botanical project will “provide names” he means that the project will…… A. help recognize new species B. aid in the standardization of names for new species C. participate in naming the region’s different zones D. clarify the conclusion surrounding the names of different organizations working in Amazonia 10. When the author says that “botanical information has conservation value” he means that…………... A. a robust understanding of conservation ism is aided by botanical information B. conservationists should strive to preserve botanical information C. specification is important for conservation D. political discussions about conservation should use botanical nomenclature
VI. GUIDED CLOZ E TEST (10 pts)
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Read the following passages and circle A, B, C or D that best fits each numbered blank.
GUIDED CLOZE TEST 1 (5 pts)
GERARD MERCATOR: THE MAN WHO MAPPED THE PLANET
When Gerard Mercator was born in 1512, the geography of the globe still remained a mystery. It was unclear whether America was part of Asia if there was a vast (1) ………….. of sea at the top of the world or if Australia was connected to Antarctica.
Mercator’s childhood was spent chiefly in Rupelmonde, a Flemish trading town on the river, and it was here that his geographical imagination was (2) ………….. by the ships which passed to and from the rest of the world. Alongside imagination, he developed two very different skills. The first was the ability to gather, (3) ………….. and co-ordinate the geographical information provided by explorers and sailors who frequented the margins of the known. He also had to be able to imagine himself (4) …………..from the heavens, to achieve the visionary (5 ) ………….. of gods in the skies, (6) …………..down on the world. The main reason why Mercator’s name is familiar to us is because of the Mercator Projection: the solution he (7) ………….. to represent the spheroidal surface of the globe on a two-dimensional plane. It is less well known that Mercator was the first man to conceive of mapping the (8) ………….. surface of the planet or that he (9) ………….. the idea of multiple maps being presented in bound books, to which he gave the name ‘Atlas’.
It is difficult for us now to be surprised by maps, so many are there, and of such detail and coverage, but we should bear in mind that Mercator lived at a time when such knowledge was far from (10) ……… He was the man who altered our worldview forever.
1. A. territory B. distance C. range D. expanse
2. A. raised B. reared C. supplied D. nourished
3. A. congregate B. amass C. assimilate D. construct
4. A. suspended B. located C. situated D. attached
5. A. inspection B. observation C. perspective D. assessment
6. A. glimpsing B. scutinizing C. watching D. gazing
7. A. invented B. contrived C. devised D. schemed
8. A. sheer B. full C. entire D. utter
9. A. pioneered B. initiated C. lead D. prepared 10. A. typical B. common C. routine D. normal
GUIDED CLOZE TEST 2 (5 pts)
ME AND MY HEALTH
I never seem to stop. I'm not so much a workaholic as the (1)…………..‘girl who can't say no’. Not only have I never learned to organize my time, I need the deadline to pass before I get going. Then I wonder why I feel (2) ………….. I’m very good at whipping up false energy. Without (3) …………..lest, though, I start to look grey and then, apart from a good night's sleep, the only thing that brings me back to life is meditation. I find that 20 minutes’ meditation is (4) …………..to a night’s sleep and that keeps me going. Somehow though, I never get around to meditating on a daily (5) …………... I'm no good in the morning. By the time I’ve managed to get up and repair the (6) ………….. of the night, half of the day’s gone. When it comes to food, I'm a hostess’s nightmare. As I suffer from migraine, I avoid cheese and (7) ………….. like coffee, red wine and spirits, which are generally (8) …………..to trigger and attack. I only eat rye bread, as the gluten in wheat makes me feel bloated and ropy. I’ve (9) …………..countless migraine ‘cures’, from the herbal remedy feverfew to acupuncture. Acupuncture (10) ………….. balance the system, but nothing stops the attacks.
1. A. innovative B. first C. foremost D. original
2. A. apathetic B. exhausted C. grueling D. spent
3. A. sufficient B. severe C. acceptable D. minimal
4. A. compatible B. alike C. equivalent D. proportional
5. A. way B. basis C. routine D. manner
6. A. damages B. wrecks C. ravages D. ruins
7. A. stimulations B. stimulants C. stimulus D. stimulating
8. A. foreseen B. maintained C. regarded D. thought 9. A. tried B. experimented C. searched D. proved 10. A. assists B. improves C. restores D. helps
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 pts)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 pts) Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word. OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10 pts)
KARAOKE FEVER
Karaoke is fast becoming the nation’s Number One party pastime. Public humiliation has (1 )………… been so fashionable. It’s 1 a.m. at an exclusive location in the heart of London. A major pop singer has taken the stage but rather than sing her latest hit, she treats the crowd (2 ) …………a Michael Jackson song. What was (3 ) ………… the party habit of teenagers is now favoured by London’s coolest crowd and everyone is having a (4 ) …………. So why are so many of our young celebrities queueing up to make fools of ( 5 ) ………… in clubs and bars across the country? Maybe it’s because (6 ) ………… out a naff pop song to a public audience shows that even though you may be a celebrity, you don’t (7) ………… yourself too seriously. And if you are a big movie star, that's a good message to get across. Nobody gets away without being laughed (8) ………… on a karaoke evening, no matter how famous they are. Turning all, that's the whole point of the exercise. (9) …… for the musical experts among you, a word of warning: this isn’t about proving to the world that you know all the lyrics to a serious song. It’s about expressing your inner performer. Don’t bother (10) ………… up at a karaoke night if you aren’t prepared to sing; you’ve got to put in the effort and prove that you are one of the ‘in-crowd’. Break a leg!
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (10 pts)
When he was made (1 ) ………… four years ago, John Spencer set up his own business dealing in (2) ………… and second-hand books. “I didn’t expect to lose my job," he said. “It happened very suddenly and I knew it would be difficult to find another one. I’d always been interested in books, so that seemed a good (3) …………to choose. I run the business from home and send and receive books by post so I don’t need my own (4) …………. Sometimes I travel to book fairs and sometimes I have a stall in the market. It was a bit frightening at first, being (5) ………… , but I’ve got used to it now and I really appreciate the feeling of independence I get from “be my own boss”. John got some advice from his bank manager about the financial (6) ………… of his business and also took out a small (7) ………… to buy stock. After only two years the business was making a profit. The secret of success, according to John, is to (8)…… in certain area (detective fiction and cookery in his case) so that you always have the book the serious collector is looking for. John posts books to his consumers and then waits for them to send (9) ………… At first, he wasn’t sure whether people would pay up promptly. “In fact, this hasn’t been the problem I thought it might be. Most customers are very (10) … and it’s only the occasional one that causes problems.
II. WORD FORMS (20 pts)
1. Supply the correct word form of the words in brackets.(10 pts)
1. She stood there completely…………so I had no idea at all what she was thinking (EXPRESS)
2. Any actor who becomes known for one role is in danger of becoming………… (TYPE)
3. This school was once…………as a military hospital during the war. (REQUIRE)
4. So far, the United States has said it cannot agree to ………… all types of antipersonnel mines. (LAW)
5. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on…………by individual schools. (VALUE)
6. According to a recent survey in Britain, more women than men emphasized…………and trust.
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7. People also read these papers for their reviews of new books, films and plays and for their………… (EDIT)
8. Since most important problems are………… there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. (FACET)
9. The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape, they are in reality moving…………. (PERCEIVE)
10. After the cup final, the………… team bussed back to the hotel parading the cup as they went. (TRIUMPH)
2. Supply each gap with the correct form of the words given in the box. (10 pts)
alter slouch course mind misery recede round reside real multiple
A GREAT STAYCATION
Holidays at home are usually a last (1) ………….when all other options have been ruled out for one reason or another, but, in these tough times when money is perhaps tighter than ever before, the grim (2 ) …………. that the stay-at-home vacation may be the only realistic (3) …………. is one that more and more of us are faced with.
However, this does not have to mean a (4) …………. time in the same old (5) …………. you are in for the other 355-odd days of the year. For those willing to think outside the box a little, there are, in fact, a (6) …………. of possibilities that should be explored.
Ever thought about a house swap, for example? The house swap is ultimate holiday (7) …………. buster. And there are now websites on which (8 ) ………….individuals, couples and families looking to get a flavour of the life lived in some else’s home can hook up and start house swapping.
Okay, so it's not the two weeks in Gran Canaria you might have hoped for, but staying in someone else’s (9) …………. for a few days at least, whether it be ten, fifty or one hundred miles away, sure beats (10) …………. around at home on your sofa.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)
There are 10 mistakes in the following passage. Identify the mistakes and then correct them. (10 pts) Have you ever tried a strawberry pizza? If you went to Oxnard, the "Strawberry Capital of California," in May, you could!
Oxnard is in Southern California and the part of the state takes its strawberries very serious. At the two-day California Strawberry Festival you can sample strawberries prepared in all kinds of ways. In addition to traditional treatment such as strawberry shortcake, strawberry jam, strawberry tarts and strawberries dipped into chocolate, there is strawberry pizza! This dessert pizza is topped with strawberries, sour cream, cream cheese and whipped cream on a sweetened bread baked like a pizza. Strawberry kabobs dipped in powdered sugar are another delicacy. And drinks like a strawberry smoothie can wash it all away.
Strawberries are a big businesses in Oxnard. Twenty-four companies harvest and cool nearly 16 million trays of berries, which are shipped throughout North America as long as to Germany and Japan. The festival, which attracts more than 85,000 visitors, features three stages with musical entertainment, 335 arts and crafting exhibits, strolling musicians, clowns, artists, face-painting, contests, and a "Strawberry land" for children with puppets, magicians, musicians, and a petting zoo.
IV. SENTENCE TRANS FORMATION (20
pts)
Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain unchanged.
1. “Because of this new evidence I have no alternative but to release you,” the judge told the accused. (LIGHT) → “ ............................I have no alternative but to release you,” the judge told the accused.
2. It is important to know the difference between a joke and a lie. (DRAW)
→ It is important to know ..................................... ...................... between a joke and a lie.
3. The government recommends a balance of reward and punishment when dealing with young offenders. (STICK )
→ The government favours a ............................................ to young offenders.
4. Let’s all work together, and we’ll finish the job very quickly. (NEXT) → We’ll have this job done.....................................................if we cooperate.
5. He was really jealous when he saw his brother’s new car. (GREEN) → Hew as............................................................see his brother’s new car.
6. It’s sad, but unemployment is unlikely to go down this year. → Sad...................................................... .......................................................
7. People believe that the Chinese invented paper in 105 A.D. → Paper ............................................
8. It’s a pity that you wrote that letter. → I’d .............. ........................ ......
9. He decided to repair the thing himself and not to take it back to the shop. → Rather.............. ……………………………………………........................
10. I'm sure it wasn’t Mrs. Elton you saw because she’s in Bristol. → It can’t ............... ..........................................................................................
21 (CONFIDENCE)
2…………………. 3…………………. 4…………………. 5…………………. 6…………………. 7…………………. 8…………………. 9…………………. 10…………………. 22
1………………….
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
I. WORD CHOICE:
Choose the best options (A, B, C, or D) that best complete the following sentences.
1. We are not known…………. at all, and as we grow, we feel a progressive lack of individual personality.
A. gruelingly B. severally C. expensively D. brusquely
2. He has fled to the mountains of Galicia, …………. he cannot possibly escape on horseback over the border.
A. meanwhile B. heretofore C. whence D. indefinitely
3. Given that Haiti is vulnerable to hurricanes and earthquakes, it would be………….to establish building codes and other disaster response initiatives.
A. prudent B. tiny C. profound D. stern
4. While her mother sat at the window, striving to read, the child, who was in one of her moods of obstreperous gaiety, began playing a grand game.
A. boisterous B. tentative C. creative D. precarious
5. The setup is intimate: audience members surround the stage on three sides.
A. formal B. unusual C. mutual D. cozy
6. This very morning, she announces, she has managed to procure what might be the last two crates of peaches in France.
A. obscure B. conceal C. consume D. obtain
7. in their eyes, I saw not only excitement for the equity we offered, but the …………. belief that they would be entrusted to do their jobs with my counsel, if they sought it, but without unwanted meddling.
A. modest B. positive C. earnest D. mutual 8. Her ivory brow …………. in delicate lines.
A. furrows B. duplicates C. ambles D. mutters 9. The fashion of the last Louis but one, of the line that was never to break - the 14th Louis - was…………. in their rich furniture; but, it was diversified by many objects that were illustrations of old pages in the history of France.
A. varied B. conspicuous C. invisible D. negative 10. A man of stainless reputation, his deeds and words have almost invariably been on the side of………
A. balefulness B. succession C. righteousness D. resemblance
II. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR:
Choose the best options (A, B, c, or D) that best complete the following sentences.
1. Last weekend,………….. nothing to watch on television, we sang karaoke together.
A. there being B. there having C. having had D. being
2. The upper branches of the tallest trees produce more leaves…………..other branches. A. than do B. than have C. than they do D. than it does
3. He drove at full speed lest he…………..late for the appointment.
A. was B. would be C. be D. shouldn’t be
4. You ………….. the questions in the order they asked. You mixed them up in the wrong way. A. had to B. must have answered C. didn’t need to answer D. should have answered
5. We would sooner Mr. Manh ………….. us the urgent information the other night.
A. sent B. would have sent C . had sent D. send
6. Ms. Phi is ranked the best student …………..she has made a point of studying hard.
A. hence B. in that C. unless D. let alone
7. Not only the Smiths but also their next-door neighbor………….. more trees in the neighborhood thus far.
A. was planting B. plant C. have planted D. has planted
8. It was right in the middle of the school yard………….. I saw a strange alien. A. where B. which C. that D. which 9. That is (a n) ………….. A. yellow useful Dutch gold alarm clock B. useful yellow Dutch gold clock alarm C. useful yellow gold Dutch alarm clock D. useful yellow Dutch gold alarm clock
10. I won’t ………….. those children making a noise in my house!
A. allow B. have C. let D. tell
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS:
1. Luckily, the rain………….. so we were able to play the match.
A. gave out B. got away C. went away D. held off 2. I don't like the way that Jack is always trying to …………..trouble between us.
A. dish out B. rub up C. stir up D. spark out 3. I am …………..with work at the moment.
A. snowed under B. piled up C. messed up D. knocked off 4. This scandal has………….. criticism raining down on Mr Deby from all sides.
A. taken B. got C. brought D. made 5. I see a lot of people with this new hairstyle. It seems to be…………..
A. piling up B. bringing off C. coming off D. catching on 6. ‘Do you think Dennis took the money?’ - ‘I wouldn’t ………….. him.’
A. put it past B. think it through C. pass it over D. rub it up 7. Rather than take his time to think about the questions, the interviewee…………..out the first answer that came into his head.
A. blundered B. blurted C. bungled D. botched 8. Whenever there’s some fresh scandal about the royal family, the public are always eager to ………….. it up.
A. flap B. swish C. lap D. gulp 9. She's one of those people who are always………….. and asking questions about other people’s private lives.
A. poking around B. digging up C. prying out D. spying on 10. The blue sundress set………….. her long blonde hair.
A. up B. off C. forth D. in
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS:
1. The luxurious office accentuated the manager’s position………….. It enhanced his power and his sense of his own worth. And it made other people feel small. A. on the pecking pole B. in the nibbling line C. at the nipping post D. in the packing order
2. ‘Have you tried to read the guarantee?’ - ‘There’s so much legal ………….. that it’s impossible to understand.’
A. mumbo jumbo B. bongo bongo C. abracadabra D. okey-dokey 3. When several companies showed interest in buying the film rights to his novel, he knew he had …… A. upped the ante B. scooped the bag C. caught the fat one D. hit the jack pot.
4 . I can't go out wearing something like that. I’d be the …………..of the neighborhood. A. make-me-laugh B. laughing stock C. laughter maker D. laughing gas 5 . I grew up in this old house, so I know every …………..of it.
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A. hook and sinker B. lock, stock and barrel
C. step and stop D. nook and cranny
6. A large group of teenagers were………….. around the entrance to the zoo.
A. mulling B. mudding C. mauling D. milling
7. The pally was already………….. by the time we arrived. Everyone was singing and dancing.
A. in full swing B. up in the air C. over the moon D. under the cloud
8. They have serious problems. That’s why their relationship is on the…………..
A. cliffs B. rocks C. stones D. grass
9. What she told me was a …………..of lies.
A. pack B. load C. herd D. flock
10. Janet will see you if you use the computer without permission. She has eyes like a ………….. .
A. bird B. goose C. hawk D. fox
V. READING COM PREHENSION
READING COMPREHENSION 1:
Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions below them.
THOUGHT CRIME
As he revisits the fractured antihero of two previous novels, James Sallis talks to Chris Wiegand about writing crime fiction focusing on character rather than plot.
"I felt like I was stumbling, groping around in the dark. Didn't know where I was going in the next paragraph; didn’t know what I was doing in the next chapter. But I somehow found my way." Speaking softly and slowly, with the slightest Deep South twang, James Sallis is on the line from Phoenix to discuss his new novel, Salt River. It's the shortest of his increasingly slim tales to date, but took the longest to write. Sallis says he’s relying more on improvisation and abandoning "the certainties with which I began writing". As Sallis recalls this struggle for direction, he sounds like his lost-as-hell antihero, Turner. He introduced the existential detective in Cypress Grove, where he fulfils a self-imposed exile in a one-horse town outside Memphis. A sequel, Cripple Creek, followed. Now Salt River completes the Turner trilogy.
Sallis presents Turner as a man defined and haunted by what he no longer is: a soldier, a cop and a convict. Episodes from his former lives are scattered through the books as flashbacks. "Turner is a man whose life has gone through abrupt changes," Sallis explains. "I felt that the novels’ structures should reflect the seeming discontinuities of his life." It's a technique that is at odds with the thumbnail sketches favoured by crime writers intent on establishing a novel's cast quickly before cracking on with the plot.
If he takes his time when it comes to characterisation - we don't learn Turner's first name until midway through the second book - Sallis also has a laidback approach to story. The barely-there storylines in Salt River almost evaporate on the page. You don't get lost in his plots, they tend to lose themselves. "Plots are a contrivance - our lives are plotless - yet they’re necessary, I think, to literary form," explains Sallis. "My way of dealing with this has been to move the plot offstage a bit, to write around it." Is this why, when I think of Sallis’s books, I’m hit by smells of home-brewed coffee and wild magnolia rather than anything that actually happened?
"Those are the parts of the world that we own, what comes back to us about times in our own lives when we think of the past," he insists. "All too often I'm reading this great book with a solid setting, characters that walk right into my own life, then somewhere around the fifth or sixth chapter the plot kicks in - and all that falls into the background. I want all that stuff, that surround, to remain in the foreground."
He does that "surround" very well, evoking the grit and wit of rural southern life with ease. (Sallis grew up in Helena, a small town on the banks of the Mississippi.) He has an ear for sleepy, porch-front wisdom, with his characters often swapping homilies to the sound of cicadae on long summer nights. " Were there books in the house when he was young? "We're from lower-class, southern stock." he says. "My dad was fairly typical, hard-working, blue-collar - hunting on weekends, fixing lawnmowers ... My brother and I developed this love for books. The first things I read were science fiction."
So were the first things Sallis wrote. He began to sell stories to magazines then made a life-changing
move to London in his early 20s to edit groundbreaking sci-fi magazine New Worlds with Michael Moorcock at the fag-end of the 60s. Working alongside Moorcock opened Sallis's eyes to hard-boiled crime fiction: "Mike introduced me to books by Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett, which I had never found here in the States oddly enough." When Sallis began to write his own crime novels, critics distinguished him as a supposed rare breed - the "literary crime writer". Sallis finds the tag "useless and foolish" but his novels have an undeniable intellectual ism that remains rare in the genre.
Sallis gives me the skinny on the next novel: "The major characters are a contract killer who is dying of cancer, a 12-year-old whose parents have disappeared and who goes on living by himself in the family house, and a pair of detectives, with the point of view shifting among them chapter to chapter."
Long-Legged Fly and Cypress Grove started out as standalones, so who knows if this will launch another series. As Sallis says: "I never know I'm jumping in the river, I always think I'm just sticking my feet in."
1. What does James Sallis suggest about his latest novel in the first paragraph?
A. He adapted it as he went along. B. The main character is based on himself, C. It caused him to doubt his writing ability D. He struggled to portray the main character.
2. In the second paragraph, Sallis implies that his novels differ from those of many other crime writers in that
A. the events in the storylines are not in chronological order. B. he prefers his characters to feature prominently throughout, C. his storylines are based mainly on flashbacks. D. the plots are rather slow to develop.
3. In paragraph three, the writer wonders if his reaction to Sallis' novels are due to the fact that A. the plot is not the central focus. C. the writing style is very descriptive. B. the storylines are hard to follow. D. the storylines milTor human experience.
4. What does “all that” refer to? A. the intricacies o f a plotline B. aspects of a novel that a reader than identify with C. detailed descriptions of characters D. the elements o f a novel that set the scene
5. According to the fourth paragraph, one way in which Sallis' upbringing is reflected in his books is through A. his poetic writing style. B. the themes he explores. C. a focus on characters from the lower class. D. some of the dialogue between characters.
6. What do we learn about Sallis in the sixth paragraph? A. He was heavily influenced by collaboration with other writers. B. He doesn't see himself as an exceptionally good crime writer, C. He is dismissive of the way he is defined as a writer. D. He wanted to take an established writing style a step further.
7. In the final paragraph, what does Sallis conclude about his writing projects? A. He always starts with the basis of a novel and then sees how it develops. B. He doesn't envisage them being ambitious projects at the start. C. He enjoys not knowing what direction they will eventually take. D. He doesn't base his expectations on previous results.
8. The word “at odds with” is closest in meaning to A. at variance with B. consistent with C. averse to D. in tandem with 9. The word “contrivance” is closest in meaning to
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A. need B. deception
C. loss D. an artificial product
10. The word “skinny” is closest in meaning to A. lesser-known information B. the bottom line C. little information D. the thread
READING COMPREHENSION 2
GRAPHIC NOVELS: A FRESH ANGLE ON LITERATURE
Has the graphic novel - a fictional story presented in comic-strip format - finally become intellectually respectable?
Graphic novels have just landed with an almighty kersplat. Ten days ago, two such works were shortlisted for the Shakespeare Book Awards for the first time in the history of the prize, in two different categories. This was no publicity stunt: neither panel knew what the other had done. This is, surely, the moment when the graphic book finally made its entrance into the respectable club room of high literature. Hang on, though: can you compare a graphic novel with the literary kind? Wouldn’t that be like comparing a painting with a music video? Or is it time we started seeing them as comparable mediums for storytelling? If so, what next?
Robert Macfarlane, the chairman of another major literary award, says he has no objection in principle to a graphic novel being submitted for the prize. In fact, he has taught one, Art Spiegelman's Maus, alongside the works of Russian writer Tolstoy and Don Quixote (by the Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes) at the University of Cambridge, where he works in the English Faculty. ‘The idea of outlawing the graphic novel doesn’t make any sense to me,’ he says. ‘I don’t segregate it from the novel. The novel is always eating up other languages, media and forms.' Graphic fiction, he says, is ‘another version of the novel's long flirtation with the visual’. This is, he declares, ‘a golden age for the graphic novel.’
And he’s right. We are seeing a boom in graphic novels. Since Maus was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1992, they have gone on to devour every literary genre going. But so far, graphic novels have politely stood aside and let conventional books win the big prizes. Now they want the vote. Fighting for the graphic novelists’ cause, astonishingly, are some hefty prize-winning writers. The English novelist and poet A. S. Byatt is passionately in favour of graphic novels competing with regular ones. Byatt, who is a huge fan of Spiegelman’s Maus, thinks that French-Iranian artist Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis stands ‘head and shoulders above most novels being produced. It’s more interesting and more moving. It’s able to be serious because it can carry itself along on this unserious form. It allowed her to be witty about things that are terrible. And that’s why it’s a major work of art’.
The genius of the graphic novel, as the English writer Philip Pullman explains, is that it can bring into play so many levels of narrative by layering them on top of each other. Take American Alison Bechdel’s brilliant Are You My Mother? - in a single page, she can depict a memory of being with her mother in her childhood, dialogue between herself and her mother as they chat on the phone in the present, plus an image of herself toiling at her desk, trying to write her memoir. And what Bechdel and her mum are saying on the phone links to the diaries of the early 20th-century writer Virginia Woolf, which Bechdel also brings to visual life. Try doing that with words - it would take a chapter. Bechdel does it in a few panels. That, in the end, is precisely what keeps graphic literature so distinct from prose narrative.
Graphic novels and traditional novels demand, to be sure, the same amounts of time, intellect and artistry from the authors. But that doesn’t mean they’re the same thing. A few years on, will you be clicking the buy button on a graphic novel as happily as you’d pick up a work by a traditional novelist? Even Bechdel confesses that her reading habits are still struggling out of the past. ‘Honestly, I would be slightly more inclined to pick up a non-graphic work,’ she says. ‘At this point, there’s not a huge number of graphic novels that are about topics that interest me. But that, too, is changing. We’re becoming more visually literate. There’s some reason for these graphic novels creeping into the canon. We’re reading differently from how we used to 200 years ago.’
1. What does the writer say about the nomination of two graphic novels for the Shakespeare Book Awards? A. It revealed the closed-mindedness of the literary establishment. B. It was the result of confusion among members of the panel, C. It generated debate about the true purpose of the prize. D. It was not deliberately calculated to attract people’ attention.
2. The word ‘panel’ in the text refers to A. The novelists B. The specialists C. The voters D. The graphic designers
3. What does Robert Macfarlane suggest about graphic novels? A. Their long-term success has now been assured. B. Their banning from literature courses has backfired. C. They are a logical step in the development of fiction. D. They tend to be less innovative than traditional novels.
4. The word ‘segregate’ is closest in meaning to A. exclude B. disengage C. disaffiliate D. victimize 5. In the third paragraph, the writer suggests that, in the past, writers of graphic novels A. lacked the support of influential figures. B. were systematically discriminated against. C. tended to accept their inferior social standing. D. underappreciated the importance of literary awards.
6. The word ‘hefty’ is closest in meaning to A. cumbersome B. prominent C. immense D. vigorous
7. What does Byatt suggest when the novelist and poet says Persepolis stands ‘head and shoulders above most novels being produced’?
A. The work is far superior to most novels being produced. B. The quality of the graphic novel challenges all the 1iterary norms. C. The author of the graphic novel has gone great lengths to finish the work. D. The work is being published in inordinate numbers.
8. The writer discusses Alison Bechdel’s book to make the point that graphic novels A. can have just as much narrative depth as traditional novels. B. are able to. incorporate a surprising range of different novels, C. can represent the workings of memory in sophisticated ways. D. enable writers to deal with different aspects o f a story at once.
9. Bechdel is quoted in the last paragraph to make the point that A. interest in graphic novels reflects a more general trend. B. many readers lack the skills to fully appreciate graphic novels, C. it is difficult to persuade people to take graphic novels seriously. D. graphic novels are far outnumbered by quality traditional novels.
10. In this article, the writer is A. analyzing the preoccupations of graphic novelists. B. outlining the origins of graphic novels. C. describing the working practices of graphic novelists. D. evaluating the merits of graphic novels.
VI. GUIDED CLOZE
GUIDED CLOZE 1: Choose the most appropriate words to fill in the blanks.
SUGAR: THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE?
Brazil has a good track (1)…………. in research in many areas of science and technology. It is in the field of bio-energy, however, that the country (2)…………. to make Its biggest contribution. Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugar and since 1975 has been fermenting sugar-cane juice (3) …………. a
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substance called ethanol, which can be used as motor fuel. For many years, the programme (4) ………….in virtual isolation from the rest of the world, using fairly low-tech methods. Recently, however, the government has been investing (5) …………. in research aimed at improving all stages in the process from sugar-cane biology to engine efficiency.
Whilst the motivation for the investment is largely (6) …………. by energy needs rather than environmental concerns, the fuel's green (7) …………. are now also being emphasized. Net emissions of carbon dioxide from a car (8) …………. on sugar ethanol are just 20 percent of those from a petrol-fuelled vehicle. (9) …………., the bio-energy programme aims to achieve a significant increase in supply without a corresponding rise in the amount of farmland (10) …………. to sugar cane.
1. A. record B. story C. reputation D. success
2. A. stands B. sets C. rests D. ranks
3. A. into B. in C. out of D. on
4. A. took place B. held forth C. carried on D. kept up
5. A. highly B. strongly C. vastly D. heavily
6. A. driven B. stemming C. drawn D. arising
7. A. endorsements B. credentials C. testaments D. referrals
8. A. performing B. working C. running D. burning
9. A. Nonetheless B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. Instead
10. A. occupied B. applied C. consigned D. devoted
GUIDED CLOZE 2:
HAND-MADE HISTORY: THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY
If a picture is worth a thousand words, the seventy-three scenes of the Bayeux Tapestry speak volumes. The tapestry narrates, in pictorial (1)………….., William Duke of Normandy ’s invasion and conquest of England in AD 1066, when he defeated the Saxon forces of King Harold at Hastings. Historians believe that the work was (2) ………….. in England, probably around AD 1092, and that tit was commissioned by Odo, Bishop of Bayern, William’s half brother, who ensured his fame by figuring (3) ………….. in the tapestry’s later (4) …………... Legends connecting it with William’s wife Mathilda have been (5) ………
The Bayeux tapestry is not, (6) ………….. speaking, a tapestry, in which designs are woven into the fabric, but rather a crewel form of embroidery, the pictures being made by stitching woolen threads into a background of plain linen. The threads, in (7) ………….. of red, yellow, blue and green, must turned have been jewel bright, but have (8) ………….. light brown with age. Moreover, one end of the now 20 inch (50 cm) broad and 231 feet (70 m) long cloth is missing
You can view the Bayeux Tapestry in the Willian the Conqueror Centre, Bayeux, Normandy, France. An enduring (9) …………..of the times, it is as valuable a (10) …………..of evidence for the Norman Conquest as photographs or films are today.
1. A. fashion B. type C. design D. form
2. A. originated B. invented C. created D. manufactured
3. A. prominently B. strongly C. powerfully D. sufficiently
4. A. views B. scenes C. frames D. pictures
5. A. disowned B. dispersed C. disgraced D. discounted
6. A. normally B. strictly C. truly D. sincerely
7. A. colours B. shadows C. shades D. varieties
8. A. once B. then C. before D. earlier
9. A. witness B. confirmation C. testimony D. proof
10. A. segment B. part C. piece D. portion
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZE
OPEN CLO ZE 1: Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word.
Iris scanning can seem very futuristic, but at the heart of the system is a simple CCD camera. It uses both visible and near-infrared light to (1)…………. a clear, high-contrast picture of a person's iris. With near-infrared light, a person's pupil is very black, making (2) …………. easy for the computer to isolate the pupil and iris.
When you (3) …………. into an iris scanner, either the camera focuses automatically or you use a mirror or audible feedback from the system to make sure that you are positioned correctly. Usually, your eye is 3 to 10 inches (4) ………….the camera.
Iris scanners are becoming more common in high-security applications because people's eyes are so unique (the chance of (5) ………….one iris code for another is 1 in 10 to the 78th power). They can allow more than 200 points of reference for (6) …………. , as opposed to 60 or 70 points in fingerprints.
The iris is a visible (7) …………. protected structure, and it does not usually change over time, becoming ideal for biometric identification. Most of the time, people's eyes also remain unchanged (8) eye surgery, and blind people can use iris scanners so (9) ………….as their eyes have irises. Eyeglasses and contact (10) ………….typically do not interfere or cause inaccurate readings.
OPEN CLOZE 2
In less than three months' time - on 14 June, to be precise - the 21st FIFA World Cup™ kicks (1) …… at Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium, as the hosts take on Saudi Arabia.
That leaves us plenty of time to enjoy a countdown. (2) ………….now and the start of the World Cup, we will take a closer look at a different statistic from the history of the tournament each day.
When Brazil took possession of the Jules Rimet Trophy (3) …………. winning their third title at the 1970 FIFA World Cup™ in Mexico, FIFA commissioned a new Trophy for the tenth global finals in 1974. Artists from seven countries submitted a total of 53 (4) ………….for the new cup, with Italian sculptor Silvia Gazzaniga’s work ultimately (5) ………….the vote.
“The lines spring out (6) …………. the base, rising in spirals, stretching out to receive the world," said Gazzaniga, (7) …………. his creation. "From the remarkable dynamic tensions of the compact body of the sculpture rise the figures of two athletes at the stirring (8) …………. of victory.”
The FIFA World Cup Trophy remains in FIFA's possession at all times and cannot be won outright by a country.
The current Trophy is 36.8cm high, crafted from solid 18-carat gold and weighs exactly 6.175kg. The base contains two (9) …………. of semi-precious malachite, while the underside of the Trophy is engraved (10) …………. the name of every FIFA World Cup™ winner since 1974.
II. WORD FORMATION
WORD FORMATION 1: Supply the correct forms of the words given.
1. The cottage has no …………. access but can be reached by a short walk across the moor. (VEHICLE)
2. He climbed out, leaving the car…………. on its roof. (END)
3. Physicians must exercise caution when prescribing………….. (DEPRESS)
4. He pointed out that e-books were not only cheaper, because of the lack of wear and tear and thefts, but they also offered great opportunities for older………….readers. (HOUSE)
5. One of the United Nations’ earliest successes was to promote a largely peaceful process of ………….. (COLONY)
6. After several threatening calls, we decided to go…………. (DIRECT)
7. At least in theory, this should make the region increasingly attractive to foreign investment from further………….. (FIELD)
8. ‘Villa’ was something of a ………….the place was no more than an old farmhouse. (NAME)
9. Mickey Mouse made his screen debut on November 18, 1928 and has been a …………. ever since. (CROWD)
10. A baby leopard has been pictured suckling a lioness in the wild, in the first ever documented example of………….parenting of its kind. (SPECIES)
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WORD FORMATION 2: Fill in the blank with an appropriate form of one of the words given to make a meaningful passage.
regulate value back feed cognitive except provide direct decide know
Children’s educational environment contributes to the IQ score and the way intelligence is used. For example, a very close positive relationship was found when children’s IQ scores were compared with their home educational (1)…………. The higher the children’s IQ scores, especially over IQ 130, the better the quality of their educational (2) …………., measured in terms of reported verbal interactions with parents, number of books and activities in their home etc. Because IQ tests are (3) ………….influenced by what the child has learned, they are to some extent measures of current achievement based on age-norms; that is, how well the children have learned to manipulate their knowledge and (4) ………….within the terms of the test. But IQ tests can neither identify the processes of learning and thinking nor predict creativity. Excellence does not emerge without appropriate help. To reach a(n) (5) ………….high standard in any area very able children need the means to learn, which includes material to work with and focused challenging tuition -and the encouragement to follow their dream. There appears to be a qualitative difference in the way the intellectually highly able think, compared with more average-ability or older pupils, for whom external regulation by the teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation. To be at their most effective in their (6) ………….strategies, all children can be helped to identify their own ways of learning - (7) …………. -which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, (8) …………., and choosing what to learn. Yet, in order to learn by themselves, the gifted do need support from their teachers. Conversely, teachers who have the tendency to (9) ………….can diminish their gifted pupils’ learning autonomy. Although (10) …………. Can produce extremely high examination results, these are not always followed by equally impressive life successes.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
Identify 8 mistakes in this passage and suggest corrections.
1 5 10 15
Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller. Not geographically, of course, but in the sense that media, technology and the opening of borders has enabled the world’s citizens to view, share and gain access to a much wider range of cultures, societies and world viewpoints. It stands to reasons that in order to absorb, configure and finally form opinions about this information-laden planet, children must be supplied with certain tools. Including in this list of “tools” are: education, social skills, cultural awareness and the acquisition of languages, the most important of these being the later. Until recently, a child who had the ability to speak more than one language would have been considered a very rare entity. This one-language phenomenon could be contributed to a combination of factors, in which the monolingual environment in which a child was raised played a strong role, so did the limited, biased education of the past.
Nowadays, the situation has undergone an almost opposite reversal. In the majority of North American and European countries, most children are given the opportunity to learn a second or even third language. In some cases, learning a foreign language is a compulsory subject in the state school syllabus while in others, children are born into bilingual parents, who may teach the children two languages. Bringing up one’s child bilingually is not a decision to be taken slightly. Both parents must consider long and hard the implications involved in raising a child in two-language home.
1……………….. 2……………….. 3………………..
4……………….. 5……………….. 6………………..
7……………….. 8……………….. 9……………….. 10………………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION:
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
1. It’s believed that the school prestige has improved immensely in the last few decades. (MEASURE)
→ The school prestige………………………………………………………………
2. If I were him, I would return home no later than 11 o’clock.
→ It is advised that……………………………………………………………… latest.
3. It was rash of Jimmy to react so aggressively that his wife felt heartbroken. (IMPULSE)
→ Had Jim my…………………………………………………………………..
4. Tony regretted criticising his friend’s business plan so strongly. (POURED)
→ If ……………………………………………………………………………..
5. Harry didn’t realize who the lady was until she moved forward into the light. (DAW)
→ Not…………………………………………………………………………….
6. The whole affair has been a set of misfortunes from the beginning. (CHAPTER)
→ From start………………………………………………………………………
7. You were so pessimistic about what happened. (VIEWED)
→ You should………………………………………………………………light.
8. Come what may, you should look on the bright side. (CHIN)
-> No matter what………………………………………………………………
9. Nobody is sure if the scheme will be allowed to go ahead. (GREEN)
→ It is still in ………………………………………………………………or not.
10. This patient’s condition is rather worrying if you look at his medical history.
→ Given…………………………………………………………………………
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A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. WORD CHOICE (5pts)
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. Brain cancer requires.... ........... treatment such as surgery.
A. aggressive B. confrontational C. malignant D. rigorous
2. He praised his wife for her dignity under the ................of the tabloid press.
A. onslaught B. assault C. onset D. offensive
3. Buying a car was an important...... ........ for them.
A. transformation B. translation C. transaction D. transportation
4. She's ................. She tends to think a lot and not to say a lot.
A. an introvert B. inverted C. an extrovert D. subdued
5. It’s ...............that he never mentioned our argument; I wonder why he didn’t.
A. special B. rare C. curious D. eccentric
6. In all.............., he’s already left.
A. odds B. probability C. certainty D. possibilities
7. Many people don't use their computer s to their full..............
A. future B. expectation C. potential D. hope
8. When our friends have bad fortune, we try to show …………
A. love B. sympathy C. affection D. pity
9. Are you having a ................... exam before you sit the actual Exam in June?
A. fake B. mock C. false D. dress
10. The job you’ve been offered is a(n) ...................opportunity to travel and meet people.
A. sole B. only C. unique D. single
II. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
11. He works until nine o’clock every evening, and that’s quite .............. the work he does over the week end.
A. except for B. apart from C. without D. not for 12. The report makes the recommendation that no more prisons .................. A. must be built B. be built C. had to be built D. should be building 13. I ............. a lot as an accountant but the work was just too boring. A. was supposed to be earned B. ought to be earning C. could have been earning D. should have earned 14 ................... I'd like to talk about myself as the happiest person in the world.
A. Be that it may B. Strange as it might sound C. How much strange it may be D. Strange though might it sound 15 ................... her job, her sons and the housework, she doesn't have a minute for herself.
A. What with B. If it weren’t for C. Barring D. Given 16................... as a master piece, a work of art must transcend the ideas of the period in which it was created.
A. Ranking B. To be ranked C. Being ranked D. In order to be ranking 17. We have................ what action to take.
A. yet decided B. not yet decide C. not yet to decide D. yet to decide
18. So incredible................of the Yellowstone area that people didn’t believe in its existence. A. explorer John Colter’s descriptions were B. was explorer John Colter’s descriptions C. explorer John Colter’s descriptions D. were explorer John Colter’s descriptions
19. On the island ...............the only representation of the island’s handicraft. A. remains B. does it remain C. did it remain D. remain it 20................. had worsened so quickly surprised the doctor. A. Which the patient’s condition B. The patient’s condition C. That the patient’s condition D. As the patient’s condition
III. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5pts)
Choose the best option
21. The weather seems to be …………. up after heavy rains. A. tuning B. improving C. picking D. bringing 22. Because of the controversy, he packs………….his job. A. out B. in C. over D. up 23. I think she made………….the whole story. A. up B. out C. up for D. to 24. We have a lot of financial difficulties, but at last, we carry it ............. A. out B. on C. off D. over 25. Ethan ...............such a great deal of effort............. training for the marathon that it is a pity he broke his leg two days before it took place. A. wore/ down B. carried / on C. set/ off D. put/ into 26. Rebecca .............. on our conversation to tell us that James had just been rushed to hospital. A. cut in B. faced up C. got ahead D. broke up 27. I waited in Time Square for Alfonzo for more than two hours, but he never............... A. showed up B. hung around C. pulled off D. turned in 28. Issac wishes that he could ............ what he had said to Christina because he really upset her A. talk out B. take back C. throw up D. tell off 29. If you pay the restaurant bill with your credit card, I will. ...............with you later. A. settle down B. settle up C. pay back D. pay up 30. For a whole month, Muslims...............eating and drinking during daylight hours. A. abstain from B. keep from C. stay from D. stand from IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5pts) Choose the best option 31. Unfortunately, our local cinema is on the............... of closing down. A. verge B. hint C. edge D. threat 32. When it is very hot, you may ............... the top button of your shirt. A. undress B. unwrap C. untie D. undo 33. She clearly joined the firm with a (n) ............... to improving herself professionally . A. view B. aim C. plan D. ambition 34. I shouldn't go outside without a rain coat because it's raining cats and dogs. A. it's just started to rain B. it's raining very heavily C. it's going to rain D. it's raining a little 35. On second thoughts, I believe I will go with you to the theater. A. Up on reflection B. After discussing with my wife C. For this time only D. For the second time 36. I realized............... that he was a thief. A. sooner of later B. all a long C. at the beginning D. eventually
33 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LÊ KHIẾT – QUẢNG NGÃI
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37. Mr. Dawson was given the award in ............... of his services to the hospital.
A. spite B. charge C. recognition D. sight
38. The sixth time he called me at night was the................
A. lost cause B. last straw C. touch and go D. hot air.
39. His flat looks so ................ that it is difficult to believe he just had a party last night.
A. spick and span B. by and large C. safe and sound D. sick and tired
40. I am not able to go anywhere this weekend because I am up to my................ in work.
A. neck B. nose C. waist D. ankle
V. READING COMPREHENSION
READING 1: You are going to read a passage and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
41……………
Telephone, television, radio, and the telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in Japan or Argentina. An international soccer match comes into the home of everyone with a television set. News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries. Within hours, help is on the way.
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How has speed of communication changed the world? To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course, this does not mean that the world is physically smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the oceans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach the Americas. This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle in the war of 1812 between the English and the United States armies could have been avoided if the warring sides had known that a peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During those six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought and many lives were lost.
43……………
An important part of the history of the world is the history of communication. In prehistoric times, people had limited knowledge of the world. They had little information about geography, the study of the Earth. People knew very little beyond their small groups except what was happening near their homes. Later, people were organized into villages, and verbal communication between small towns was possible. Still, the people’s knowledge was limited because they had no outside information. Kingdoms and small countries then developed, with a king directing the people. Cities developed, too, but still communication was limited to the small geographical area of the country. Much later in history, after the invention of the printing press, many more people learned to read, and communication was improved.
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In this modern age, communication is so fast that it is almost instant. People's lives have been changed because of the immediate spread of news. Sometimes the speed is so great that it does not allow people time to think. For example, leaders of countries have only minute s, or, at most, hours to consider all the parts of a problem. They are expected to answer immediately. Once they had days and weeks to think before making decisions.
45……………
The speed of communication demands a new responsibility from all people of the world. People in different countries must try harder to understand each other. An example is that people with different religions must try to understand each other's beliefs and values, even if they do not accept them. Sometimes their cultures are quite different. What one group considers a normal part of life is strange to another culture. In some cases, a normal part of one culture might be bad or impolite to people of another culture. That kind of difference is a possible basis for misunderstanding. People must learn not to judge
others, but to accept them as they are. As the world grows smaller, people must learn to talk to each other more effectively as well as communicate more rapidly. Match the headings given in the box below with their appropriate numbers (41 - 45) that lead the five paragraphs and write the letters A- H in the corresponding numbered boxes. (The headings outnumber the paragraphs, so you will not use all of them)
A. A disadvantage of fast communication B. High speed of communication and its benefits C. Our shrinking world D. Communication devices E. A brief history of communication development F. Modern communication and a change in thinking pattern G. The changing world resulting from fast communication H. Modern communication and expected responsibility Then choose the correct answer to each of the following questions by circling A, B ,C, or D 46. Modern communications have ……………. A. affected the results of elections and news of disasters B. only allowed people to see world sports events at home C. kept people better informed of their world and beyond D. made people happier, busier, but less informed 47. Before the invention of communication devices, ………….. A. people gave better care to their local affairs B. there was no transportation between countries C. people were much interested in world affairs D. people were mostly kept in the dark about the world 48. A negative aspect of fast communication is that it…………... A. makes people think too fast B. will push governments into dead ends C. deprives decision makers of correct information D. may rush governments into decisions 49. There were instances in which lives could have been saved if…………... A. intercommunication had been established B. there had not been a delay in communication C. officers’ demands of information had been met D. carrier pigeons had arrived in time 50. The speed of communication has helped create opportunity for…………... A. mutual understanding and cultural tolerance B. better understanding and freer trade C. the expansion of cultural differences D. the growth of the physical world DEADING 2. Read the following passage and answer questions 51 - 60.
BRINGING UP CHILDREN
Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible - for example, by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basic of work in child clinics.
The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved
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successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crosswords are good examples.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well- being.
With regard to the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are hypocritical and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been, to some extent, deceived. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' ethics and their morals can be a dangerous disillusion.
51. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children …………..
A. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains B. is to send them to clinics
C. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced D. offers recapture of earlier experiences
52. Learning to wait for things is successfully taught…………...
A. in spite of excessive demands being made B. only if excessive demands are avoided C. because excessive demands are not advisable D. is achieved successfully by all children
53. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills…………..
A. should be focused on only at school B. can never be taken too far C. will always assist their development D. should be balanced and moderate
54. Parental controls and discipline…………...
A. serve a dual purpose B. are designed to promote the child's happiness C. reflect only the values of the community D. should be avoided as far as possible
55. The practice of the rule "Example is better than precept”………... A. only works when the children grow old enough to think for themselves B. would help avoid the necessity for ethics and morals C. will tree a child from disillusion when he grows up D. is too difficult for all parents to exercise
56. In the 1st paragraph, the author lays some emphasis on the role of the…………..in helping the child in trouble.
A. psychiatrists B. community C. family D. nursery
57. The phrase “conforming to” in the 2nd paragraph means………….. A. adapting to B. accepting C. agreeing with D. following
58. The word “zest” in the 2nd paragraph can be best replaced by…………... A. appetite B. excitement C. enthusiasm D. enjoyment 59. The word, “imposed” in the 4th paragraph is closest in meaning to .................. A. excepted B. introduced C. made D. constrained 60. Hypocrisy on the part of the parents may ………….. A. result in their children’s wrong behaviour B. make their children lose faith in them C. disqualify their teaching s altogether D. imp air their children's mind
VI. CLOSE TEST
CLOSE TEST 1: Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Mobile phones (61) ............microwave radio emissions. Researchers are questioning whether exposures to these radio waves might (62) ................ to brain cancer.
So far the data are not conclusive. The scientific evidence does not (63) ................us to stay with certainty that mobile phones are categorically (64)................On the other hand, current research has not yet (65)................clear adverse effects associated with the prolonged use of mobile phones.
Numerous studies are now going (66)................ in various countries. Some of the results are contradictory but others have shown an association between mobile phone use and cancer. (67).......... these studies are preliminary and the issue needs further, long-term investigation.
(68)................. the scientific data are more definite, it is prudent for people to try not to use mobile phones for long periods of time. Don’t think that hands-free phones are any safer either. At the moment, research is in fact showing the (69)................. and they may be just as dangerous.
It is also thought that young people (70)................... bodies are still growing may be at particular risk. 61. A. charge B. send C. give D. emit 62. A. bring B. lead C. cause D. produce 63. A. get B. allow C. force D. enable 64. A. risky B. secure C. safe D. unhealthy 65. A. demonstrated B. produced C . proved D. caused 66. A. through B. on C. about D. by 67. A. However B. While C. Additionally D. Though 68. A. When B. Provide C. Until D. As 69. A. truth B. way C. fact D. opposite 70. A. whose B. as C. with D. that
CLOZE TEST 2: Read the following passage on commuting , and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
RENEWABLE ENERGY COMES OF AGE
The British Wind Energy Association was founded 30 years ago by a group of scientists. At that time, the term “alternative energy” was used to describe the generation of wind, water and solar power. These days, we tend to (71)…………..to them as “renewable energy” and the use of this name (72) ………….. a real change in their status. These sources of energy, apart from being alternative, have now become mainstream and are (73) ………….. to make a significant contribution to the country’s energy needs in the future.
Two closely linked developments (74) ………….. behind this (75) …………..in status. Firstly, over the past decade or so, the price of oil and gas has been rising (76) ………….. reflecting the extent to which reserves of these fossil fuels are becoming (77) ………….. However, price is only part of the explanation (78) ………….. as important is the growing consensus that carbon emissions must be curbed. The scientific evidence for climate change is now irrefutable, and both policy makers and the (79) ………….. public are finally in agreement that doing nothing about the prospect of global warming is no longer a
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option. Renewable energy represents one real way of (80) …………..both issues.
71. A. consider B. refer C. mention D. regard
72. A. regards B. reproduces C. reminds D. reflects
73. A. set B. held C. put D. stood
74. A. sit B. reside C. lie D. recline
75. A. move B. shift C. switch D. jump
76. A. equably B. serenely C. habitually D. steadily
77. A. depleted B. decreased C. depressed D. debased
78. A. Just B. Still C. Much D. Yet
79. A. deeper B. greater C. larger D. wider
80. A. coping B. engaging C. addressing D. dealing
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST
OPEN CLOZ E TEST 1: Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space. (20 pts)
When rainforests are cleared and (81)…………., millions of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere affecting climatic conditions and threatening us all (82) ………….severe flooding, drought and drop failure. The rainforests (83) …………..at least half of the earth’s species. At the current rate of devastation an (84) ………….50 species worldwide become extinct every day.
One in four purchases from our chemists is derived from the rainforests. Scientists are (85)…………. caught in a race against time to find rainforest treatments for cancer, AIDS and heart disease before they are (86)................. forever. Tribal people in the rainforests have been shot, poisoned and infected with diseases to which they have no resistance - to make room for logging, mining and dams. If this destruction continues, only nine ( 87)................the 33 countries currently exporting rainforest timber will have any (88)................by the end of the decade.
Almost everyone will have part of the rainforests in their home, as do-it-yourself stores still supply and the construction industry still uses tropical hardwood for doors, window (89)................and even toilet seats. Please help us (90)................. the tropical rainforests now, before it is too late.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2
If you put a group of people who don’t know (91)..............other in a room together and asked them to pair up, they will naturally gravitate towards others of similar family (92) ............... social class and upbringing. We are all looking for something familiar (93) ............... we may not be aware of exactly what it is. Facial attractiveness has a big (94) .............. on our choice of partners, too. People tend to seek out and form long-lasting relationships with others of similar level of attractiveness. Several studies have confirmed this. Researchers (95)………….a selection of wedding photos and cut them up to separate the bride and the groom. They then asked people to rate how attractive each person’s face was. When the researchers put the photos back into their ( 96)............pairs, they found that most of the couples had been rated at similar levels. Not only (97) .................we rate others, but each of us carries a rough estimate in our heads of how facially attractive we might be. We realized subconciously that if we approach someone who is significantly higher up the scale than we are, we run the (98) .................of being rejected . But (99) ................. the explanation for how and why we fall in love, one thing is clear. Nature has made the whole process as blissful and addictive as possible (100)................... the purpose of bringing and keeping couples together.
II. WORD FORM (20 pts)
SECTION 1: Complete the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in block capitals
101. For many people, Ludwig Van Beethoven is the most................. figure in the history of western classical music. (INFLUENCE)
102. His.................talent was already clearly evident. (ORD INARY)
103. His da y- to - day .................with people invariably turned out to be rather turbulent. (RELATE) 104. He.................fell in love with a number of society women. (APPEAR)
105. However, the identity of the girl who lay closest to his heart remains to this day. (ELUDE) 106. The cargo was................. for safe and efficient shipping. (CONTENT) 107. She................. questions about whether she plans to run, saying she's focused on her voter registration and campaign finance initiatives. (STEP). 108. Mark, a .................commentator, was often featured on state television explaining government policy. (TELEVISION)
109. Politicians and academics pointed to the building's ................. contours as a cautionary tale of architectural overreach. (BECOME) 110. The project was subject to the usual.................of exploratory research. (VICIOUS)
SECTION 2: Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space. A live broad cast of any public event, such as a space flight or sporting occasion, is almost (111) ................. (VARIABLE) accompanied by the thoughts of a (112) .................(COMMENT). This may be on television, along with the relevant pictures, alternatively on radio. The technique involved (113) (DIFFERENT) between the two media, with radio broad casters needing to be more explicit and (114) ................. (DESCRIBE) because of the absence of visual information. TV commentators do not need to paint a picture of their audience; instead, their various (115) ................. (OBSERVE) should add to the images that are already there, There will sometimes be silences and pauses in a TV commentary, although these are becoming (116) ................. (INCREASE) rare. Both types of commentators should try to be informative, but should avoid sounding (117) ................. (OPINION). In sports commentaries, fairness and (118) ................. ( IMPART) to both sides is vital, but spontaneity and enthusiasm are valued by those watching or listening. Sports commentators usually broadcast live in an essentially unscripted way, although they may refer to previously prepared materials such as sports statistics. Because of the (119) ....... (PREDICT) nature of live events, thorough preparation in advance is vital. The Internet has helped enormously with this aspect of the job. Anyone interested in becoming a commentator should have excellent (120) ................. (ORGANISE) skills, the willingness to work irregular hours, and a strong voice.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes
Example: Line 1: feminine → feminist
LINE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A feminine is a person, usually a woman, who believes that women should be regarded as equally to men. She, or he, deplores discrimination against women in the home, place of work or anywhere, and her principle enemy is the male chauvinist, who believes that men are naturally super. Tired of being referred to as “the weaker sex”, women are becoming more and more militancy and are winning the age-old battle of the sexes. They are sick to death of sexy jokes which poke fun at women. They are no longer content to be regarded as second-class citizens in terms of economic, political and social status. They criticize beauty contests and the use of glamour female models in advertisements which they describe as the expoit of female beauty, since women in these situations were represented as mere sex objects. We no longer in the male- dominate societies of the past. Let us hope, moreover, that the
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revolution stops before we have a boring world in which sex doesn't make much difference. We already have unisex hairdressers and fashions. What next?
1…………….. 2…………….. 3…………….. 4…………….. 5…………….. 6…………….. 7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10…………….
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATI ON Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such way that their meanings remain unchanged.(20pts) 131. Thomas was not given details of the company’s new projects. DARK
132. In the area, Thailand is much better than all other countries in football. SHOULDERS
133. I'm afraid our problems are just beginning. ICEBERG → 134. The final version of the plan was quite different from the initial draft. RESEMBLANCE → 135. I expected the film to be good, but it wasn’t at all. LIVE → 136. You must do something to make sure this doesn’t happen again. STEPS →
137. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is a foolish. →
138. He sounds as if he has spent all his life abroad. →
139. His recent behaviors are outrageous. → The way ........................ ..................... ……………………………………………..ordinary. 140. My salary is half what I would be in the job I was offered in January. → lf ...............................................
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TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LÊ QUÝ ĐÔN -
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 points)
I. WORD CHOICE (5 points)
Choose the word that best completes each sentence. Write your answer (A, B, C, or D) in the box provided (20 points)
1. To succeed in this job, you have to be utterly ………….. A. hot-blooded B. single- minded C. kind-hearted D. near-sighted 2. The city zoo is building a new section to ………….. their larger mammals . A. house B. store C. shade D. capture 3. The review committee………….. three practicing lawyers and a retired businessman. A. consists B. comprises C. is made up D. encloses 4. Don’t worry: this is nothing that ………….. you. A. matters B. entails C. concerns D. complicates 5. In the event, we found your advice absolutely……… A. unworthy B. unvaluable C. invaluable D. impecunious 6. With her excellent qualification s it’s not surprising that she treated as an inferior at work. A. molests B. exasperates C. resents D. embitters 7. What a coincidence this is! It’s so strange that you …………..same hotel as us. A. should B. must C. ought to D. can 8. Experts are ………….. into the cause of the explosion . A. seeking B. researching C. inquiring D. investigating 9. If you wash that pullover in the boiling water, it will………….. A. crumple B. shrink C. contract D. dwindle 10. After she had made several disastrous decisions, people began to …………..her judgement. A. disbelieve B. suspect C. wonder D. question
II.
GRAMMAR AND STRUC TURES (5 points)
1. All things ………….. , she is the best student to represent our school. A. considered B. involved C. taken D. dealt with 2. ………….., modelling is actually hard work. A. Even it may seem glamorous B. Yet it may seem glamorous C. However glamorous it may seem D. Glamorous as though it is 3. As always, I am………….. with everything you say. A. agree B. agreeing C. agreeable D. in agreement 4. In the end, I just lost my ………….. and started gabbling incoherently. A. head B. mind C. brain D. intelligence 5. The team won the championship four years ………….. A. running B. passing C. following D. rotating 6. After so many years, it is great to see him ………….. his ambitions. A. get B. realise C. possess D. deserve 7. Resign if you want to! I assure you, no one will………….. any tears when you go. A. pour B. shed C. leak D. pour 8. It………….. to be seen whether I have made the right decision or not. A. continues B. remains C. stands D. keeps 9. At first I thought it was a good idea. But then I began to have …………... A. second doubts B. second thoughts C. doubtful seconds D. thoughtful doubts 10. There ………….. that he was guilty, yet he was convicted by a jury and sent to prison . A. were no proofs B. were no evidences
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→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
→ ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
À NẴNG
Đ
C. was no proof D. wasn’t any piece of proof
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 points)
1. Lack of sleep over the last few months is finally………….. Jane.
A. catching up with B. getting on with C. coming over D. putting on 2. Despite all the interruptions, he ………….. with his work.
A. stuck at B. held on C. hung out D. pressed on 3. When the funds finally ………….. , they had to abandon the scheme.
A. faded away B. clamped down C. petered out D. fobbed off 4 We hadn't ………….. there being so much traffic, and we missed the plane.
A. bargained on B. factored on C. counted with D. accounted with 5. We had arranged to meet at 8 o’clock but he didn’t ………….. until half an hour later.
A. show off B. stick up C. turn up D. put in 6. The dentist told me that when the effect of the an aesthetic ………….. , I might feel a little pain. But it was more than a little.
A. dropped off B. went out C. wore off D. turned out 7. The sky is already dark. It must be………….. for 8 o’clock.
A. closing on B. getting up C. getting on D. closing up 8. The plan to build a new motorway …………..due to a lack of money.
A. dropped off B. fell through C. dropped away D. fell away 9. Their predictions were not………….. by subsequent events. In fact, the very opposite occurred . A. carried out B. borne off C. borne out D. carried off 10. It’s been more than ten years since we had the living room…………..I'm fed up looking at tit. Let' s redecorate it completely.
A. made up B. counted up C. brought off D. done up
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 points )
1. I 've had this car for 12 years, but now I’m having more and more problems with it. Clearly it’s
A. on its hind legs B. got its back up C. got its heart set D. on its last leg
2. When the morning came, the scene of where the bomb had fallen was one of ………….. devastation.
A. great B. utter . C. entire D. extreme
3. It may be raining, but I'm ………….. enjoying myself.
A. thoroughly B. highly C. extremely D. desperately
4. The film is ………….. based on a true story, but most of it is fiction.
A. loosely B. casually C. faintly D. lightly
5. Calls from people trying to sell us things we don’t want are a real …………...
A. ach e in the neck B. ache in the back
C. pain in the neck D. pain in the back
6. Sally has an …………..command of the Chinese language.
A. excellent B. outstanding C. utter D. intensive
7. There is still a ………….. of hope that the rescuers will find survivors.
A. spray B. ray C. light D. spot
8. The bridge was collapsing and the train was plunging into the ravine. But Superman arrived, as usual, caught the train in his arms of steel and carried it to safety.
A. in the nick of time B. in the fullness of time C. on the spur of the moment D. in the heat of the moment
9. I gave them ………….. time to make a decision.
A. spacious B. lavish C. extensive D. ample
10. When Rita was promoted to sales manager, she was………….. A. over the hill B. up in the cloud
C. over the moon D. in the seventh moon V. READING COMPREHENSI ON PASSAGE 1 (5 points)
Exquisite patterns and surface ornamentation were an integral part of the aesthetics of the late Victorian era. In America, these developments were incorporated into the themes of national expositions and artistic movements, as cottage industries grew and productivity in the decorative arts flourished. The last three decades of the 19th century saw a change in sensibility that resulted in new stylistic approaches in American decorative arts, a departure from the previous era of Rococo and Renaissance Revival excess. Shapes became more angular, smoother and less flamboyant. The popular carvings and deep modeling of earlier years disappeared as ornamentation became more linear and lighter in appearance. Decoration focused on the surface with rich and elegant patterns adorning furniture, objects of every sort, and architectural and interior decorations. This artistic reawakening was prompted by the effects of the Industrial Revolution on contemporary design.
This new attitude, with its focus on ornament and decorative, was later referred to as the Aesthetic Movement, but it also encompassed the early Arts and Crafts Movement as well. The purpose was to bring a refined sensibility and components of “good taste” to the domestic interior. Art and good taste not only de noted good character, but also could be used to induce proper moral conduct and actions, thereby contributing to the betterment of society. This placed a heavy burden on designers/decorators as well as on women as keepers of the home. Americans drew inspiration from the writing and work of English artists. This was a period of great eclecticism. Tastes ranged from the Modern Gothic through the Persian, Greek and Islamic, to the Japanese, and with more than a nod to Mother Nature. Yet, regardless of the influence, surface pattern reigned supreme. English reformers dictated that ornament should be derived from nature, and pattern should be flat and stylized. Forms were accentuated by colored outlines, or often with touches of gold. The emphasis was on art and on development of a refined sensibility. It was all a matter of taste.
1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Defining the “Aesthetic Movement” B. Decorative arts in late 19th century America C. English influences on American decorative arts in the late 19th century D. The change in tastes from “Rocco and Renaissance Revival” to the “Aesthetic Movement” in the late 19th century America
2. The word “integral” in line 1 is closest in meaning to A. essential B. additional C. important D. beautifying 3. According to the passage, during the Aesthetic Movement popular carvings and deep modeling of earlier years ………….. A. were popular B. again became popular C. disappeared D. defined good taste
4. The word “elegant ” is closes in meaning to ………….. A. beautiful B. ornamental C. colorful D. refined 5. According to the passage, the purpose of the Aesthetic Movement was to ………….. A. induce proper moral conducts and actions B. define what was meant by good taste in the domestic interior C. encompass Arts and Crafts as well as ornament and decoration D. define good character and contribute to the betterment of society
6. The phrase “new attitude” refers to …………... A. including the early Arts arid Craft Movement as well B. artistic reawakening C. the Industrial Revolution D. Rococo and Renaissance Revival
7. The word “de noted” is closest in meaning to………….. A. promoted B. facilitate d C. developed D. signified
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8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. designers and decorators were mainly responsible for starting the new attitude
B. the movement led to a higher standard of morality in late 19th century America
C. the Americans considered the English to be the arbiters of good taste
D. women, as keepers of the home, faced a heavy burden
9. According to the passage, which of the following remained most important, regardless of influences from other countries?
A. surface pattern B. English opinions
C. good taste D. Proper moral conduct and actions
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as feature of the Aesthetic Movement?
A. shapes became less flamboyant
B. ornamentation became lighter in appearance
C. forms were accentuated by colored lines
D. decorations focused mainly on furniture
PASSAGE 2 (5 points)
It is said that George Washington was one of the first to realize how important the building of canals would be to the nation’s development. In fact, before he became President, he headed the first company in the United States to build a canal, which was to connect the Ohio and Potomac rivers. It was never completed, but it showed the nation the feasibility of canals. As the country expanded westward, settlers in western New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio needed a means to ship goods. Canals linking natural waterways seemed to supply an effective method
In 1791 engineers commissioned by the state of New York investigated the possibility of a canal between Albany on the Hudson River and Buffalo on Lake Erie to link the Great Lakes area with the Atlantic seacoast. It would avoid the mountains that served as a barrier to canals from the Delaware and Potomac rivers.
The first attempt to dig the canal, to be called the Erie Canal, was made by private companies but only a comparatively small portion was built before the project was halted for lack of funds. The cost of the project was an estimated $5 million, an enormous amount for those days. There was some on-again -offagain federal funding, but this time the War of 1812 put an end to construction. In 1817, DeWitt Clinton was elected Governor of New York and persuaded the state to finance and build the canal. It was completed in 1825, costing $2 million more than expected.
The canal rapidly lived up to its sponsors’ faith, quickly paying for itself through tolls. It was far more economical than any other form of transportation at the time. It permitted trade between the Great Lake region and the East coast, robbing the Mississippi River of much of its traffic. It allowed New York to supplant Boston, Philadelphia, and other eastern cities as the chief center of both domestic and foreign commerce. Cities sprang up along the canal. It also contributed in a number of ways to the North's victory over the South in the Civil War.
An expansion of the canal was planned in 1849. Increased traffic would undoubtedly have warranted its construction had it not been for the development of the railroads.
1. Why does the author most likely mention George Washington in the first paragraph?
A. He was President at the time the Erie Canal was built
B. He was involved in pioneering efforts to build canals
C. He successfully opened the first canal in the United States.
D. He commissioned engineers to study the possibility of building the Erie Canal.
2. The word feasibility in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to A. profitability B. difficulty C. possibility D. capability
3. According to the passage, the Erie Canal connected the A. Potomac and Ohio Rivers. B. Hudson River and Lake Erie C. Delaware and Potomac Rivers. D. Atlantic Ocean and the Hudson River
4. The phrase on -again-off- again in paragraph 3 could be replaced by which of the following with the least change in meaning?
A. Intermittent B. Un solicited C. Ineffectual D. Gradual
5. The completion of the Erie Canal was financed by A. New York. B. private companies.
C. the federal government. D. DeWitt Clinton.
6. The actual cost of building the Erie Canal was A. $5 million. B. less than had been estimated. C. $7 million. D. more than could be repaid.
7. The word tolls in paragraph 4 is closes t in meaning to which of the following?
A. Jobs B. Grants C. Links D. Fees
8. Which of the following is NOT given as effect of the building of the Erie Canal in paragraph 4?
A. It allowed the East coast to trade with the Great Lakes area. B. It took water traffic away from the Mississippi River. C. It helped determine the outcome of the Civil War. D. It established Boston and Philadelphia as the most important centers of trade.
9. What can be infer red about railroads in 1849 from the information in the last paragraph?
A. They were being planned but had not yet been built.
B. They were seriously underdeveloped. C. They had begun to compete with the Erie Canal for traffic.
D. They were weakened by the expansion of the canal
10. The word warranted in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to A. guaranteed. B. justified C. hastened D. prevented.
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (10 pts)
CLOZE TEST 1 (5 points)
The knowledge and eloquence that people gain through travelling is usually perceived as the best (1) ………… in life. It is the inquisitive human nature that (2) ………… people to seek thrilling experiences and to set out on an exploration trip. Those who travel frequently and to diverse places benefit from establishing new relationships and (3)………… a better knowledge about other cultures and lifestyles. However, there is a (4) ………… of truth in the assumption that people are prone to (5) clichés and unfounded prejudices about other nations and their characteristics. Sometimes, it is only the first-hand encounter that can help change the (6)………… towards the so-called ‘inferior communities’. This direct contact with a different civilisation enables travelers to (7) …………their baseless assumptions and get acquainted with the real concept of life in all four corners of the globe.
(8 )………… question, travelling (9)………… friendship and makes it easier for many individuals to acknowledge the true value of different traditions and customs. Yet, it does not always mean enjoyment. It may also involve coming close with the atrocities of real existence as well as becoming aware of the challenges and hardships that other people have to struggle with. Hence, a true voyage is the one with a good deal of experience to (10) ………… about, very often combined with exposure to abhorrent sights and incredible ordeals. The learning to be complete, thus, requires an ability to observe and analyse the surroundings, both their glamour and brutality.
1. A. completion B. fulfilment C. conclusion D. resolution 2. A. impels B. involves C. entails D. pursues 3. A. acquiring B. educating C. learning D. exacting 4. A. speck B. grain C. scrap D. tip 5. A. persevering B. cherishing C. indulging D. persisting 6. A. prejudice B. manner C. outlook D. approach 9. A. drop B. cease C. fail D. quit 8. A. Apart B. Beyond C. Unfailing D. Beneath 9. A. facilitates B. affords C. elicits D. incites
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10. A. commemorate B. reminisce C. resemble D. remind
CLOZE TEST 2 (5 points)
Stressful situations that (1) …………… almost every day in life seem to be unavoidable. However, we can do little sometimes to avoid a misfortune or an unpleasant occurrence which may (2) ……………us unexpectedly as only it can. At such a moment, one may hit the (3) …………… , give in to the helplessness of the situation or, ideally, put a brave face on it trying to (4)…………… the burden.
Can you (5) …………… in your mind an hour spent in a traffic jam, say, this morning? Do you light one cigarette after another? Do you sound the horn every few seconds like the other neurotics? Or do you take a different (6)……………and make good use of the time drawing up a schedule for the days to come? To with stand the stressful moment, you can also do a crossword puzzle, listen to your favorite music or even compose a menu for your Sunday dinner.
In fact, whatever way you (7) …………… to the annoying situation, you can exert no impact on it as the traffic jam will only reduce in due (8)…………….Nevertheless, your reaction might considerably influence your mood for the rest of the day. The inability to confront a stressful occurrence like that with a deal of composure and sensibility adds much more strain to your life and in this way puts your well-being in (9)……………. Surprisingly, it’s the seemingly negligible hardships we stumble on daily that run double the risk of developing- serious health disorders rather than our isolated tragedies however painful they may be. (10) …………… that so many of those wretched stresses inducing troubles affect us in a day, we should, at best, try to avoid them or possibly make radical alterations in the way we lead our daily lifestyles.
1. A. devise B. create C. originate D. emerge
2. A. arise B. happen C. befall D. occur
3. A. post B. roof C. bottom D. wall
4. A. subsist B. remain C. cow D. bear
5. A. envision B. observe C. picture D. image
6. A. manner B. stance C. practice D. mode
7. A. strike B. deal C. respond D. challenge
8. A. course B. term C. timing D. period
9. A. risk B. weakness C. insecurity D. jeopardy
10. A. Providing B. Given C. Hence D. As
B: WRITTEN TEST (70 points)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST
OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10 points)
Throughout our lives, right from the moment when (1) ……………infants we cry to express hunger, we are engaging in social interaction of one form or another. Each and (2) ……………time we encounter fellow human beings, some kind of social interaction will take place, (3)…………… it’s getting on a bus and paying the fare for the journey, or socializing with friends. It goes without (4) ……………, therefore, that we need the ability to communicate. Without some method of transmitting intentions, we would be at a complete loss when it comes to interacting socially Communication involves the exchange of information, which can be (5) …………… from a gesture to a friend signaling boredom to the presentation of a university thesis which may (6)…………… ever be read by a handful of others, or it could be something in (7)……………the two. Our highly developed languages set us apart from animals. But for these languages, we could not communicate sophisticated or abstract ideas. (8) …… could we talk or write about people or objects (9) …………… immediately present. (10)…………… we restricted to discussing objects already present, we would be unable to make abstract generalisations about the world.
OPEN CLOZE TEST
2 (10 points)
Preserving organisms in museums is one way of retaining them (1)……………posterity, but most
people agree that it would be nice to (2)…………… a few of them alive in the wild, too. At the moment, which species survive, which decline to threatened or even status and which succumb to (3)……………is something of a lottery. WORLDMAP is an easy-to-use software that (4)…………… geographical patterns in diversity, rarity and conservation priorities. It can (5)…………a range of specialist biological analysis for countless numbers of species, in order to provide biodiversity data for research purposes. The program (6)………… the surface area of the world into cells, usually arranged in a rectangular grid. WORLDMA can also (7)…………… the likelihood of a hitherto unobserved species being found in an a rea on the basis of its known distribution. (8) ………… the patchiness of most records, that is a useful trick. Furthermore, it can select complementary areas for preservation. Those are not (9)……………the cells with the highest individual biodiversity, but (10)……………those which, together, maximize what is preserved by picking places with the least overlapping species.
II. WORD FORMS (20 pts)
PART 1 (10 points)
1. All the judges gave her ten out of ten for her …………… (FLAW) performance.
2. A cost of $5,000 was on Monday imposed by a court in New Delhi on Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in a (FAMOUS)…………… case lodged by her against BJP leader Vijender Gupta.
3. He was in such a haste to return home that he left at…………… (DAY) by the first bus.
4. His collection of plants contains many …………… (RARE).
5. For many people, social networking offers them a feeling of ……………(ESCAPE) from the real world.
6. If you can afford it, and still have lots of money left, buy it …………… (RIGHT)
7. We all take pride in our…………… (DESTROY) friendship .
8. The …………… (ELECTRIC) of those mountainous villages is the greatest achievement of this government.
9. The little boy dreams of being as ports …………… (COMMENT) for the TV station.
10. The young girl is at a very…………… (IMPRESS) age so we must make sure that she goes with the right sort of person.
PART 2 (10 points)
Until comparatively recent times science and technology performed different and separate functions, the progress of one so often completely (1)…………… to the progress of the other.
(2)……………have established that, since the earliest times, the improvements in our way of life have resulted from an empirical approach, that is a process of trial and error, by which equipment and tools are made to satisfy important needs. It is to this approach that we owe the evolution of technology. Our modern concept of science, both (3)……………and pragmatic in approach, stems from the seventeenth century, when extensive investigations into the natural laws governing the behavior of matter were (4) ……………. It was this (5) ……………style of thought which led to a science-based technology. Scientific knowledge was not in itself seen as a (6)………….for the earlier system of trial and error, but it did help the technical (7) ……… to see which path of experimentation might be more (8)………….With the industrialization of the nineteenth century, the bond between science and techno logy (9) ………….In our own time, the mutual (10 )…………. of one discipline upon the other has increased still further.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)
Each week Hilary Mullock, also known as Doctor Doppit, visiting London’s General Hospital.
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RELATE HISTORY PHILOS OPHY TAKE REVOLUTION PLACE INNOVATE FRUIT STRONG RELY
Carrying balloons and magic tricks better than a stethoscope, she administers her own special kind of medicine. Employed by the Theodora Children’s Trust, Hilary brings fun and laughter for the patients in the children’s wards, making a hospital staying a less difficult experience for these young patients.
Having studied drama at university, Hilary later became interested in children’s theatre. Seeing an advert with a clown doctor, she knew she had founded the ideal job. Before taking up the position, Hilary had to complete four weeks of training, being instructed in balloon modeling and magic tricks.
According to a spokesperson for the Theodora Children’s Trust, hospitalized children, having been excluding from their normal day-to -day routine and the family environment, are likely to be frightening and homesick. Clown doctors like Hilary has a valuable part to play in helping them forget their problems for a while. Humour, it has been seen, has a positively impact on health. In fact, certain chemicals produced in the body by laughter have even been shown to act as natural painkillers. Laughter really is the best medicine, it seems.
1…………… 2…………… 3…………… 4…………… 5…………… 6…………… 7…………… 8…………… 9…………… 10..…………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
1. Sam was so crazy about stamps that he spent lots of money on them every month. (SPLASHED)
→ So strong……………………………………………………………………………
2. The impression most people have of Kathy is that he is an honest person.
→ Kathy comes ………………………………………………………………………..
3. It’s impossible to predict how long it will take the business to make a great deal of profit. (TELLING)
→ lucrative.
4. She cannot make her mind up about whether to stay up or sleep.
→ She was torn…………………………………………………………………….. in.
5. His argument was irrelevant to the case being discussed.
→ His argument had nothing…………………………………………………………..
6. The father was over the moon when his son was born.
→ The father was as pleased……………………………………………………birth of his son.
7. I don’t mind if you stay at my house tonight. (PUTTING)
→ I’m not a verse ………………………………………………………………
8. Seeing that Tuan was determined to get the job, I knew he is serious about his future. (BUSINESS)
→ In light ……………………………………………………………… to his future.
9. If you want, you can leave. (LIBERTY)
→ You ……………………………………………………………… wish.
10. The young lady was angry that no one confessed to having broken her vase. (BREAST)
→ The young lady was beside……………………………………………up to having broken the vase.
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LÊ QUÝ ĐÔN - KHÁNH HÒA
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (40 PTS)
I.
WORD CHOICE (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. The vegetation on the island was…………...
A. exuberant B. chivalrous C. overcast D. ingenious
2. He became an outlaw by…………...the law.
A. defying B. observing C. sticking to D. abiding by 3. The plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a…………...disease.
A. contagious B. contiguous C. contingent D. congenial 4. The Prime Minister will decide whether to release the prisoner or not; that’s his…………... A. prerogative B. derogatory C. abdication D. humanity 5. He…………...the illusion that he will live to be a hundred.
A. grows B. relishes C. develops D. cherishes 6. They continued fighting despite all the…………...they met with. A. adversities B. amenities C. properties D. liabilities 7. I’d love to live in these…………...surroundings. A. desolate B. bashful C. gloomy D. serene 8. The Secretary of State handled the matter…………...and prevented a war. A. adroitly B. intensely C. abjectly D. slightly 9. Her condition seems to be………….... We’ll have to take her to intensive care. A. ameliorating B. deteriorating C. amputating D. imitating 10. Not only is little Jonny’s grammar incoherent and his spelling atrocious but also his pronun ciation A. slothful B. sluggish C. hazard D. haphazard
II. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 1. so incredible is that these insects successfully migrate to places they have never seen. A. That makes the monarch butterflies’ migration B. The migration of the monarch butterflies is C. What makes the monarch butterflies’ migration D. The migration of the monarch butterflies, which is 2. It is mandatory that smoking in public …………... A. prohibited B. prohibit C. be prohibited D. is prohibited 3. with about fifteen times its weight in air does gasoline allow the carburetor to run smoothly. A. It is mixed B. Only when mixed C. When mixed D. To mix it 4. He…………...safety goggles, but he wasn’t and, as a result, the hot steel badly damaged his eyes. A. could have been wearing B. must have been wearing C. should wearing D. ought to have been wearing 5. If the Moon…………...one orbit around the Earth and one complete revolution on its axis at the same rate, we sometimes…………...the other side of it. A. won't complete - will see B. didn’t complete - would see C. doesn't complete - had seen D. wouldn’t complete - see 6. The two boys were caught…………... the exam papers from the teachers' room, so they definitely deserved …………... from school.
A. to be stealing - having suspended B. to steal - being suspended C. stealing - to be suspended D. having stolen - suspended
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7. No whale has ever been known to attack human except in defence;…………...
stories have come down since the Biblical Jonah of men being swallowed by whales.
A. consequently B. whatever C. inasmuch as D. nonetheless
8. After the First World War, the author Anais Nin became interested in the art movement known as Surrealism and in psychoanalysis, both …………...her novels and short stories.
A. in which the influence B. of which influenced C. to have influence D. its influence in
9. Nebraska has floods in some years,…………....
A. in others drought B. droughts are others C. while other droughts D. others in drought
10. …………...native to Europe, the daisy has now spread throughout most of North America.
A. Although B. If it were C. In spite of D. That it is
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. I need to …………... your offer very carefully before I make a decision.
A. look over B. see out C. figure out D. mull over
2. There’s nothing to …………... as it’s a general knowledge quiz.
A. come round to B. face up to C. swot up on D. come up with
3. The account of their journey has been …………... together from personal letters and diaries.
A. pieced B. set C. pulled D. got
4. Perhaps it is the almost universal use of flavourings that makes it so hard to …………the products …....
A. take- apart B. tell - apart C. come- apart D. fall - apart
5. We fin ally………….out a way to get the band into the hotel without the press knowing.
A. tried B. set C. puzzled D. put
6. He has taken some painkillers but when the effects…………..., his leg will hurt quite badly.
A. wear away B. wear down C. wear off D. wear out
7. Following years of intense training, the accomplished athlete …………... the medal triumphantly.
A. took off B. went off C. ran off D. carried off 8. Could you lend me some money to…………..me over to the end of the month?
A. hand B. tide C. get D. make
9. My parents had a lot of children, so sometimes there wasn’t enough food to …………...
A. put on B. fall back on C. give out D. go round 10. The noise from the unruly fans celebrating their team’s victory didn’t …………...until early in the morning.
A. shut off B. give away C. let up D. fall over
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. How did they manage to keep me completely…………... about this for so long?
A. in the dark B. under the shadow C. in the shade D. out of shape
2. You’ve got to …………... to succeed in advertising.
A. go to your head B. have your wits about you C. have your head in the clouds D. gather your wits
3. It took Dane a long time to understand what was going on. He’s usually…………...than that, isn’t it?
A. round the bend B. harder and faster C. easier on the ear D. quicker on the uptake
4. Stop wasting time splitting…………... and look at the big picture.
A. hairs B. ears C. eyes D. noses
5. The country is an economic…………...with chronic unemployment and rampant crime.
A. lost cause B. basket case C. false dawn D. dark horse
6. My mother nearly …………... when I said I was going to buy a motorbike. A. let the cat out of the bag B. put the cat among the pigeons C. had kittens D. got out of the rat race
7. Fresh evidence has recently …………... which suggests that he didn’t in fact commit the murder.
A. come a long way B. come under fire C. come into bloom D. come to light
8. We’d been working hard for a month and so decided to go out and ………….... A. paint the town red B. face the music C. read between the lines D. steal the show
9. The boss was …………... with the new employee over his qualifications and ability to perform his job well.
A. at a loose end B. at a loss C. at a standstill D. at odds 10. I’m so …………... under with work at the moment - it’s awful! A. iced B. rained C. fogged D. snowed
V. READING COM PREHENSION
Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.
READING PASSAGE 1 (5 PTS)
While most desert animals will drink water if confronted with it, for many of them the opportunity never comes. Yet all living things must have water, or they will expire. The herbivores find it in desert plants. The carnivores slave their thirst with the flesh and blood of living prey. One of the most remarkable adjustments, however, has been made by the tiny kangaroo rat, who not only lives without drinking but subsists on a diet of dry seeds containing about 5% free water. Like other animals, he has the ability to manufacture water in his body by a metabolic conversion of carbohydrates. But he is notable for the parsimony with which he conserves his small supply by every possible means, expending only minuscule amounts in his excreta and through evaporation from his respiratory tract.
Investigation into how the kangaroo rat can live without drinking water has involved various experiments with these small animals. Could kangaroo rats somehow store water in their bodies and slowly utilize these resources in the long periods when no free water is available from dew or rain ? The simplest way to settle this question was to determine the total water content in the animals to see if it decreases as they are kept for long periods on a dry diet. If they slowly use up their water, the body should become increasingly dehydrated, and if they begin with a store of water, this should be evident from an initial high water content. Results of such experiments with kangaroo rats on dry diets for more than 7 weeks showed that the rats maintained their body weight. There was no trend toward a decrease in water content during the long period of water deprivation. When the kangaroo rats were given free access to water, they did not drink water. They did nibble on small pieces of watermelon, but this did not change appreciably the water content in their bodies, which remained at 66.3% to 67.2% during this period.
This is very close to the water content of dry-led animals (66.5%), and the availability of free water, therefore, did not lead to any ‘storage’ that could be meaningful as a water reserve. This makes it reasonable to conclude that physiological storage of water is not a factor in the kangaroo rat’s ability to live on dry food.
1. What is the topic of this passage ? A. Kangaroo rats. B. Water in the desert, C. Desert life. D. Physiological experiments.
2. The word expire' in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ………… A. become ill B. die C. shrink D. dehydrate
3. Which of the following is NOT a source of water for the desert animals? A. Desert plants. B. Metabolic conversion of carbohydrates in the body.
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C. The blood of other animals.
D. Streams.
4. The word ‘it’ in the first paragraph refers to ………….
A. a living thing B. the desert C. the opportunity D. water
5. The author states that the kangaroo rat is known for all of the following EXCEPT…………
A. the economy with which it uses available water
B. living without drinking water
C. breathing slowly and infrequently D. manufacturing water internally
6. The word parsimony' in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to … A. intelligence B. desire C. frugality D. skill
7. It is implied by the author that desert animals can exist with little or no water because of………… A. less need for water than other animals
B. many opportunities for them to find water
C. their ability to eat plants D. their ability to adjust to the desert environment
8. The word deprivation in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to …………. A. preservation B. renewal C. examination D. withholding
9. According to the passage, the results of the experiments with kangaroo rats showed that …………
A. kangaroo rats store water for use during dry periods
B. kangaroo rats took advantage of free access to water
C. there was no significant change in body weight due to lack of water or accessibility to water
D. a dry diet seems detrimental to the kangaroo rat’s health
10. The word 'access' in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ………… A. right B. method C. opportunity D. entrance
READING PASSAGE 2 (5 PTS)
The end of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberated distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed ‘art g lass’. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied folks effect on carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.
Trance produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.
The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 to 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the beginning of the 20th century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement that function should determine form - was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste
demanded dramatic effects of contrasts, stark outline and complex textural surfaces.
1. Paragraph 1 of the passage mainly discusses………… A. design elements in the Art Nouveau style B. the popularity of the Art Nouveau style C. production techniques for art glass D. color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style
2. The word “one ” in paragraph 1 refers to ………… A. century B. development C. style D. coloration
3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to………….of ancient buried glass. A. the distortion of the glass B. the appearance of the glass surface C. the shapes of the glass objects D. the size of the glass objects
4. The main purpose of paragraph 2 is to ………… A. compare different Art Nouveau styles B. give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists C. explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United States D. show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world
5. The word “prized” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to …………. A. valued B. universal C. uncommon D. preserved
6. The word “overtaken” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ………… A. surpassed B. inclined C. expressed D. applied
7. By stating that “function should deter mine form” the author means that ………… A. a useful object should not be attractive B. the purpose of an object should influence its form C. the design of an object is considered more significant than its function D. the form of an object should not include decorative elements
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason functionalism became popular was that it………… A. clearly distinguished between art and design B. appealed to people who like complex painted designs C. reflected a common desire to break from the past D. was easily interpreted by the general public
9. Paragraph 3 supports the idea that………… A. functionalism's design concept avoided geometric shapes B. functionalism started on a small scale and then spread gradually C. Functionalism was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War D. Functionalism was not attractive to architects and designers
10. According to the passage, an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include…………..
A. a flowered design B. bright colors C. modern symbols D. a textured surface
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST
Read the following passages and choose the options that best complete the blanks.
GUIDED CLOZE TEST I (5 PTS)
THE TRADE IN RHINO HORN
Last year thieves broke into a Scottish castle and stole only one thing: a rhino horn, which is at 1.5 metres, was the longest in the world. In China, pharmaceutical factories have been building up (1)………….of antiques made from rhino horn, for the sole purpose of smashing them to powder to make the (2) …………. ingredient of many of their medicines. And in Africa poachers continue to die in the (3)…………. for the black rhino.
Recently, conservationists have met to (4)…………. a campaign to persuade countries where rhino
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horn is still a part of the traditional medicine to switch to substitutes. The biggest (5)…………. to the survival of the rhinoceros is the refusal of certain countries to enforce a ban on domestic (6)…………. in rhino horn.
The rhino horn is included in many aids for disorders ranging from fevers to nosebleeds. Horn, like fingernails, is made of keratin and has no proven medicinal (7) ………….. Traditional substitutes, such as horn from buffalo or antelope, are regarded as second best.
The battle is (8) ………….to be winnable. But it may be harder than the battle against the trade in ivory, for there is a (9)………….. between the two commodities. Ivory is a luxury, while rhino horn, people believe could (10)………….. the life of their child.
1. A. bundles B. collections C. amounts D. groups
2. A. real B. actual C. essential D. true
3. A. tight B. chance C . search D. race
4. A. design B. plan C. programme D. form
5. A. threat B. danger C. disaster D. menace
6. A. business B. commerce C. selling D. trading
7. A. capacity B. property C. control D. powers
8. A. thought B. dreamed C. imagined D. viewed
9. A. variation B. comparison C . gap D. difference
10. A. make B. save C. help D. survive
GUIDED CLOZE TEST 2 (5 PTS)
Read the following passage and decide which option A, B, C or D best fits each space.
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise is more than a mere nuisance. At certain levels and durations of exposure, it can cause physical damage to the eardrum, and (1)………….. in temporary or permanent hearing loss. In addition to causing hearing loss, (2)………….. noise exposure can also (3)………….. blood pressure and pulse rates, cause irritability, anxiety, and mental fatigue, and interfere with sleep, recreation, and personal communication. Noise pollution control is, therefore, (4)………….. importance in the workplace and in the community
Noise effects can be (5)………….. by a number of techniques, for example, increasing the distance or blocking the path between the noise source and the recipient, reducing noise levels at the source, and (6) ..recipients with earplugs or earmuffs. Increasing path distance is very effective because, as a sound wave spreads outward from the source, the fixed (7)…………..of energy in the wave is dissipated over an ever-expanding wave front. Path barriers (8)………….. walls, ceilings, and floors can be effective by absorbing as well as reflecting sound energy. Special earmuffs are (9)………….. to protect industrial and construction workers. The best way (10)………….. noise pollution is to reduce the sound levels at the source, for instance, by improving design, muffling machinery and engines, and properly maintaining and lubricating machinery to reduce vibrations.
1. A. bring B. result C. create D. affect 2. A. exceedingly B. excess C. excessively D. excessive 3. A. enlarge B. maximize C. raise D. rise 4. A. for B. of C. at D. within 5 .A. done B. created C. brought D. minimized
6. A. protecting B. protect C. protected D. protects 7. A. kind B. type C. amount D. number
8. A. as B. such as C. like D. or 9. A. available B. ready C. accessible D. enough
10. A. prevent B. preventing C. for preventing D. to prevent
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS)
I. OPEN CLOZE TESTS
Fill in each of the numbered blanks with ONE suitable word. OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10 PTS)
ELDEST CHILD
The first-born is an only child until the second child comes (1)………… - when they go from (2)…… the centre of attention to sharing the care (3)…………parents. This ‘dethronement’ may be extremely traumatic and forever shape the first-born's outlook (4)………… life. They may spend the rest of their lives striving (5) …………regain their parents’ approval. They could even unconsciously feel their parents had (6)………… child (7)…………somehow they weren’t good (8) ………… (9)………… may lead to feelings of inadequacy and also contributes to resentment of subsequent siblings. The first-born is often the least warm (10)…………frequently the most hostile to their brothers and sisters.
(adapted from “Does your place in the family mould you forever? ” in Daily Mail)
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (10 PTS)
SOUTH AFRICA
PLAGUED BY HIV VIRUS
Nearly one-in-four adults of working age in South Africa is believed to be infected with (1)………… HIV / Aids virus. (2)………… is a shocking statistic, and one (3)………… potentially catastrophic economic and social consequences for the country. The limp response from the South African government has already been condemned, and it has been left to the country’s financial community to tackle what (4)………… become an epidemic.
At the forefront of a campaign to recognise, report and raise awareness about (5)………… disease (6)………… the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (Saica). It is drafting guidelines on Aids (7) ………… be presented to the Johannesburg stock exchange. These might (8)…………day be incorporated into its listings requirements. Thingle Pather, a chartered accountant and project director at Saica, heads the HIV working group that is putting together the first draft.
Pather is working with the Global Reporting Initiative, an organisation (9) ………… issues guidelines on non-financial reporting, and the South African Actuarial Society to put together a document that will push (10) …………voluntary disclosure of information about the prevalence levels of HIV / Aids and the estimated financial impact.
(adapted from “Businesses count the cost of Aids epidemic” in The Guardian Weekly)
II. WORD FORMS
PART 1. Supply the correct word form of the word in parentheses. (10PTS) 1. He gave a ……………shrug. He is always making his own achievements seem unimportant. (DEPRECATE) 2. It’s a ……………article which is fair to both sides of the dispute. (ROUND) 3. My friends started going out late to nightclubs so I decided to ……………myself from tile group. (SOCIAL) 4. New immigrants have been successfully ……………into its community. (SIMILAR) 5. She felt her husband constantly ………………her achievements. (LITTLE) 6. Steroids often help reduce the……………… and itching in the skin. (FLAME) 7. The amounts of radioactivity present were……………small. (FINITE) 8. The museum's collection includes ……………… dating back to prehistoric times. (FACT) 9. There is a strong smell of……………… in the hospital. (INFECT) 10. This document needs ……………… before sending to the publishing house. (PROOF)
PART 2. Supply each gap with the correct form of the word given in the box. (10pts)
nim cattle emit firm govern live voice pose praise project
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In January 2001 the (1)………….. Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its latest report on climate change. Climate models worked out by giant super-computers had become far more reliable since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to (2)………….. the earlier (3) …………..for global warming. Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening and that it cannot be a natural process. The 1990s was the hottest decade for 1.000 years and the Earth is warming faster than at any time in the last 10.000 years. According to the report, human activities are (4)………….. to blame for the temperature rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due to deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle it back into oxygen. Methane concentrations have also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice culture and (5) ………….., both of which generate methane from (6)……….. vegetation. These greenhouses gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise.
The IPCC reported that, in the worst case, the average temperature could rise by 5.8°C this century, 2°C higher than their original predictions. The resulting melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm, endangering the homes and (7) ………….. of tens of millions of people who live in low-lying regions.
Unfortunately, there is far greater (8)…………..among the world’s scientists over the issue than among politicians. As long ago as 1990, the IPCC recommended a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide (9)………….. , as the basic level required to return the planet's climate to a healthy level.
Now that Governments globally failed to enact these proposals. Now that the dangers have been (10) ………….. by the latest report, it is high time that governments took an active interest in exploring alternative, renewable energy sources.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
Read the following passage. There are 10 errors. Identify the errors and then correct them. (10 PTS)
OAK
(1) (5) (10) (15) (20)
Oak wood has a density of about 0.75 g/cm3, great strong and hardness, and is very resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content. It also has very appeal grain markings, particularly when quarter-sawn. Oak planking was common on high status Viking long ships in the 9th and 10th centuries. The wood was hewn from green logs, with axe and wedge, to produce radial planks, similar to quarter-sawn timber. Wide, quarter-sawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in interior paneling off prestigious buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of Commons in London, and in the construction of fine furniture. Oak wood, from Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, was used in Europe for the construction of ships, especial naval men of war, until the 19th century, and was the principal timber used in the construction of European timber-framed build.
Today oak wood is still commonly used for furniture making and flooring, timber frame buildings, and for veneer production. Barrels in which wines, sherry, and spirits such as brandy, Scotch whisky and Bourbon whiskey are age are made from European and American oak. The use of oak in wine can add many different dimensions to wine based on the type and style of the oak. Oak barrels, which may be charred before use, contribute to the colour, taste, and aroma of the contents, imparting a desirable oaky vanillin flavour to these drinks. The great dilemma for wine product is to choose between French and American oakwoods. French oaks give the wine greater refinement and are chosen for the best wines since they increase the price compared to those aged in American oak wood. American oak contributes greater texture and resist
to ageing, but produces more violent wine bouquets. Oak wood chips are used for smoking fish, meat, cheeses and another foods.
1……………… 2 ……………… 3 ……………… 4……………… 5 ……………… 6 ……………… 7……………… 8 ……………… 9 ……………… 10 ……………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
PAR T 1: Use the word(s) given in brackets and make any necessary additions to complete a new sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Do NOT change the form of the given word(s). (10 PTS)
1. Immediately after winning the race, Sandy began training for the next one. (had) → No sooner ........................................
2. Going to and fro with all the cases is what I can’t stand about holidays, (toing) → It's all .............................................................................................about holidays.
3. As a result of the bad weather, there may be delay to some international flights. (subject) → Due to the bad weather ...................................................................possible delay.
4. Bill changed his ways when he came out of prison. (leaf) → Bill has ................................................................................................................
5. The committee had a long discussion but they could not make up their mind. (reach) → Lengthy ..........................................
PART 2: Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that they are as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences. (10PTS)
1. The president's bodyguards stood behind him watching.
→ Watchfully .......................................
2. Success in the academic field depends on your ability to amass qualifications. → The more .........................................
3. I find his clothes the most irritating about him. → What most ........................................
4. Richard only took over the family business because his father decided to retire early. → But for...........................................
5. It wasn’t Melanie’s fault that she ended up breaking the law. → Through no ............................................................................................................
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I. MULTIPLE CHOICE (80 sentences / 40 marks)
I. WORD CHOICE (5 marks)
Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space.
1. The modification has been the…………on the cake for both of us, for a lot of hard work has gone into the design and development of the course.
A. chilling B. cooling C. freezing D. icing
2. The media is supposed to always………… on the side of revealing rather than concealing.
A. blunder B. err C. mischief D. transgress
3. Toxic ………… disfigure black neighbourhoods, degrade property values, and discourage investment.
A. eyesores B. gatecrashers C. keystones D. watersheds
4. You shouldn't have been…………to your elders by raising those matters.
A. ill-mannered B. immaterial C. impertinent D. inapposite
5. An 18-year-old girl, of no fixed …………, was charged with robbery in connection with the incident.
A. abode B. accommodation C. dwellings D. lodgings
6. Documentation is required before the drug can get the seal of………… from world health authorities.
A. approval B. assent C. consent D. permission
7. Many Americans refused to fall in with the idea that religion is a (n)…………disreputable anachronism.
A. academically B. cerebrally C. cognitively D. intellectually
8. Most academic articles bounce around from topic to topic, really without…………, but are informative.
A. common or garden B. hell or high water C. let or hindrance D. rhyme or reason
9. It is up to the court to decide, in the exercise of their…………, whether to grant the favour or not.
A. circumspection B. discretion C. judiciousness D. prudence
10. Tome said something disgusting, from which and a heated argument…………, the result of which was that they broke up.
A. ensued B. eventuated C. supervened D. transpired
II. STRUCTU RES AND GRAMMAR (5 marks)
You are to choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence or has the same meaning as the original sentence.
11…………, our original thesis that we are in fact a lot more uptight about sexuality than we’d like to believe is going to be adapted for psychological consultation.
A. As it was opulently vindicated B. As was amply vindicated C. Bountifully vindicated as it was D. Much as it was copiously vindicated
12. Let alone being left out in the cold for an hour after a second 30-year-old lift failed and security guards said they could not allow them to use the stairs, the staff started to………… in their work. A. exasperate, such an unwarranted interference it was B. fume, such was an unwarranted interference C. smoulder, so unwarranted an interference it was D. seethe, so unwarranted an interference was which 13. About six million years ago, the Mediterranean sea is said………… , …………thick layers of salt in southern France.
A. to have evaporated - depositing B. to be evaporating - deposit C. to evaporate - depositing D. having evaporated - to deposit 14. It turned out that we…………rushed to the airport as the plane was delayed by several hours. A. hadn't B. should have C. mustn't have D. needn't have 15. ………… as a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the period in which it was created.
A. Ranking B. To be ranked C. Being ranked D. In order to be ranking 16. ………… the weather forecast, it will rain heavily later this morning. A. On account of B. According to C. Because of D. Due to 17. I read the contract again and again………… avoiding making spelling mistakes. A. in view of B. in terms of C. with a view to D. by means of 18. Minh and Cuong were badly injured in the last match, so …………of them can play in this match. A. neither B. none C. either D. both 19. When I arrived on the spot, I found out that I the heavy gas bottle on my back because the campsite now had electric cookers. A. needn't have carried B. didn't need to carry C. can't have earned D. might not have carried 20. We are pleased to announce that Keith Danish ………… replace Susan Williams as Operations Manager from 24th September. A. does B. is about to C. is to D. is due
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 marks)
Choose the word that best fits each gap. 21. I ran into an unknown in the gap-filling exercise, but I didn't try and…………the gap. A. held on B. hang out C. press on D. stuck at 22. To prevent soldiers from rebelling, the commander splits them into groups to…………one another. A. let them off with B. pick up on them C. play them off against D. splash out on them 23. The old lady's savings were considerable as she had .................a little money each week. A. put by B. put in C. put apart D. put down 24. The police…………a good deal of criticism, over their handling of the demonstration. A. came in for B. brought about C. went down with D. opened up 25. It was too late to …………of the contract. A. back away B. back down C. back out D. back up 26. Helen managed to put ………… her point of view very successfully in meetings. A. up B. over C. on D. across 27. If no one will…………misbehaving, all pupils will be kept in after school. A. admit off B. admit in C. own up in D. own up to 28. Even if you are miserable, there’s no need to…… on me A. take it out B. take it down C. take it from D. take it over 29. Despite all the evidence to the contrary, the witness …………that his story was true. A. stuck up B. stood out C. stuck out D. held out 30. Everyone approved of the scheme but when we asked for volunteers they all hung ………… A. back B. on C. about D. up
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 marks)
Choose the word that best fits each gap. 31. The social condemnations of the bombing, therefore, focus not on …………the act but on lamenting the consequences. A. execrating B. deploring C. shedding tears over D. wringing hands over 32. If you want to have a good flat in London, you have to pay through the…………for it. A. mouth B. eye C. nose D. head 33. I was out of………… with you on this matter, but let’s not quarrel about it. A. empathy B. harmony C. keeping D. sympathy
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34. Eventually, a passer-by ………… and asked her what her problem was.
A. put her out of his misery B. was charitable towards C. took pity on her D. threw himself on her mercy 35. She expects the political experience gained in this election will stand her in good…………in her future career, which, she suggests, could include another campaign.
A. footing B. grounding C. precedent D. stead 36. Poor management brought village shops to teeter of collapse although community-owned shops, Internet retailing and home delivery schemes were becoming more popular.
A. in the teeth B. on the brink C. on the razor’s edge D. on the threshold 37. A lot of criticism and scorn has been heaped …… his options.
A. above B. beyond C. on D. up 38. Unanswered, the demands for nuclear deterrents have ………… fears of civil war.
A. flashed up B. prognosticated C. sidetracked D. stoked up 39…………, the people who come to this club are in their twenties and thirties.
A. By and large B. All together C. To a degree D. Virtually 40. I don’t feel like buying a ………… in a poke; we’d better check the content.
A. pig B. cattle C. buffalo D. ox
V. READINGCOMPREHENSION
READ ING 1: Read the following magazine article and choose the best answer to each question. (5 marks)
In the course of its history, human inventions have dramatically increased the average amount of energy available for use per person. Primitive peoples in cold regions burned wood and animal dung to heat their caves, cook food, arid drive off animals by fire. The first step toward the developing of more efficient fuels was taken when people discovered that they could use vegetable oils and animal fats in lieu of gathered or cut wood. Charcoal gave off a more intensive heat than wood and was more easily obtainable than organic fats. The Greeks first began to use coal for metal smelting in the 4th century, but it did not come extensive use until the Industrial Revolution.
In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial evolution, most energy used in the United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained from perpetual and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams, domesticated animal labor, and wind. These were predominantly locally available supplies. By mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States and European countries was obtained from wood. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood in industrializing countries. Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter represents a more concentrate source of energy. In 1910, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal as the main source of fuel because they are lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport. They burned more cleanly than coal arid polluted less. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles; a very important consideration in the early 1900s, when the automobile arrived on the scene.
By 1984, nonrenewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, provided over 82 percent of the commercial and industrial energy used in the world. Small amounts of energy were derived from nuclear fission, and the remaining 16 percent came from burning direct perpetual and renewable fuels, such as biomass. Between 1700 and 1986, a large number of countries shifted from the use of energy from local sources to a centralized generation of hydropower and solar energy converted to electricity. The energy derived from nonrenewable fossil fuels has been increasingly produced in one location and transported to another, as is the case with most automobile fuels. In countries with private, rather than public transportation, the age of nonrenewable fuels has created a dependency on a finite resource that will have to be replaced.
Alternative fuel sources are numerous, and shale oil and hydrocarbons are just two examples. The extraction of shale oil from large deposits in Asian and European regions has proven to be labor consuming
and costly. The resulting product is sulfur- and nitrogen- rich, arid large-scale extractions are presently prohibitive, Similarly, the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta and Utah is complex. Semi-solid hydrocarbons cannot be easily separated from the sandstone and limestone that carry them, and modern technology is not sufficiently versatile for a large-scale removal of the material. However, both sources of fuel may eventually be needed as petroleum prices continue to rise and limitations in fossil fuel availability make alternative deposits more attractive.
41. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Applications of various fuels B. Natural resources and fossil fuels C. A history of energy use D. A historical overview of energy rates
42. The phrase “per person ” in line 2 is close in meaning to A. per capita B. per year C. per family D. per day 43. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that A. coal mining was essential for primitive peoples B. the Greeks used coal in industrial production C. the development of efficient fuels was a gradual process D. the discovery of efficient fuels was mostly accidental 44. The phrase “in lieu” in line 5 is closest in meaning to A. in spite B. in place C. in every way D. in charge 45. The author of the passage implies that in the 1700s, sources of energy were A. used for commercial purposes B. used in various combinations C. not derived from mineral deposits D. not always easy to locate 46. The phrase “the latter” in line 16 refers to A. wood B. coal C. most regions D. climate zones 47. According to the passage, what was the greatest advantage of oil as fuel? A. It was a concentrated source of energy. B. It was lighter and cheaper than coal. C. It replaced wood and coal and reduced pollution. D. It could be converted to automobile fuel. 48. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 20th century, energy was obtained primarily from
A. fossil fuels B. nuclear fission C. hydraulic and solar sources D. burning biomass 49. The author of the passage implies that alternative sources of fuel are currently A. being used for consumption B. being explored C. available in few locations D. examined on a large scale 50. The word “prohibitive” in line 35 is closest in meaning to A. prohibited B. provided C. too expensive D. too expedient
In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.
Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to
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READING 2: Read the following magazine article and choose the best answer to each question .(5 marks)
obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.
Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.
Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.
51. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Methods of baking bread
B. Fireplace cooking
C. The use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen
D. The types of wood used in preparing meals
52. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate
A. how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces
B. that they served diverse functions
C. that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces
D. how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces
53. The word "scorched" is closest in meaning to........ .........
A. burned B. cut C. enlarged D. bent
54. The word “it” refers to ...................
A. the stonework B. the fireplace opening
C. the mantel tree D. the rising column of heat
55. According to the passage, how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?
A. By placing the pot directly into the fire B. By putting the pot in the oven
C. By filling the pot with hot water
D. By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire
56. The word “obtain” is closest in meaning to ................. ..
A. maintain B. reinforce C. manufacture D. acquire
57. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug pole?
A. It was made of wood not readily available.
B. It was difficult to move or rotate,
C. It occasionally broke.
D. It became too hot to touch.
58. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, “oven wood” produced
A. less smoke B. more heat C. fewer embers D. lower flames
59. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:
A. It was used to heat the kitchen every day.
B. It was built as part of the main fireplace.
C. The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.
D. It was heated with maple sticks.
60. According to the passage, which of the following was an advantage of a “bake kettle”?
A. It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.
B. It did not need to be tightly closed.
C. It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.
D. It could be used to cook several foods at one time.
VI. CLOZE TEST
CLOZE TEST 1
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. (5 marks)
THE BEGINNINGS OF FLIGHT
The story of man's mastery of the air is almost as old as man himself, a puzzle in which the essential (0 )................ were not found until a very late stage. However, to (61) .............. this we must first go back to the time when primitive man hunted for his food, and only birds and insects flew. We cannot know with any certainly when man first deliberately shaped weapons for throwing, but that (62) ..............of conscious design marked the first step on a road that leads from the spear and the arrow to the aero-plane and the giant rocket of the present (63)........... It would seem, in fact, that this (64) ........... to throw things is one of the most primitive and deep-seated of our instincts , (65) .......... in childhood and persisting into old age. The more mature ambition to throw things swiftly and accurately , which is the origin of most outdoor games, probably has its roots in the ages when the possession of a (66)................. weapon and the ability to throw it with force and accuracy (67) ............the difference between eating and starving.
It is significant that such weapons were (68)....... . and brought to their final form at an early stage in history. If we were restricted to the same (69 )........... , it is doubtful if we could produce better bows and arrows than those that destroyed the armies of the past. The arrow was the first true weapon capable of maintaining direction over considerable (70) ............. It was to be centuries before m an himself could fly. 0 A. clues B. keys C . responses D. resolutions 61. A. value B. approve C . understand D. realize 62. A. act B. deed C. action D. event 63. A. instant B. day C. hour D. moment 64. A. feeling B. urge C. encouragement D. emotion 65. A. coming B. arriving C . appearing D. growing 66. A. suitable B. fitting C . related D. chosen 67. A. involved B. meant C. told D. showed 68. A. invented B. imagined C. planned D. produced 69. A. matters B. substances C. materials D. sources 70. A. length B. extents C. areas D. distances
CLOZETEST2:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. (5 marks)
A LACK OF COMMUNICATION
Recent research has (0) ................. that a third of people in Britain have not met their (71) .............. neighbours, and those who know each other (72) ........... speak. Neighbours gossiping over garden fences and in the street was a common (73) .................in the 1950s, says Dr. Carl Chinn, an expert on local communities. Now, however, longer hours spent working at the office, together with the Internet and satellite television, are eroding neighbourhood (74) ................. 'Poor neighbourhoods once had strong kinship, but now prosperity buys privacy,' said Chinn.
Professor John Locke, a social scientist at Cambridge University, has analysed a large (75) .............. of surveys. He found that in America and Britain the (76) ..............of time spent in social activity is decreasing. A third of people said they never spoke to their neighbours at (77) ................ Andrew Mayer, 25, a strategy consultant, rents a large apartment in west London, with two flat-mates, who work in ecommerce. “We have a family of teachers in upstairs and lawyers below, but our only contact comes via letters (78) .............. to the communal facilities or complaints that we’ve not put out our bin bags properly,” said Mayer.
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The (79 )..............of communities can have serious effects. Concerned at the rise in burglaries and (80) ............ . of vandalism, the police have re-launched crime prevention schemes such as Neighbourhood Watch, calling on people who live in the same area to keep an eye on each-other's houses and report anything they see which is unusual.
0. A. exhibited B. conducted C. displayed D. reveal
71. A. side-on B. next-door C. close-up D. nearside
72. A. barely B. roughly C. nearly D. virtually 73. A. outlook B. view C. vision D. sight 74. A. ties B. joins C. strings D. laces 75. A. deal B. amount C. number D. measure 76. A. deal B. amount C. number D. measure 77. A. least B. once C. all D. most 78. A. concerning B. regarding C. applying D. relating 79. A. breakout B. break though C. breakdown D. breakaway 80. A. acts B. shows C. counts D. works
B. WRITTEN TEST (60 sentences/70 marks)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 marks)
CLOZE TEST 1
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space
THE SLOW ARRIVAL OF THE WHEEL
It is nearly impossible in our post-industrial society to conceive of a world without wheels. From clocks to huge machinery and from cars to computer disks, (1 ).............. ..... employs cogs, wheels or other types of cylindrical components that spin on an axis. (2) ............... the wheel took a relatively long time to be invented and several civilizations reached a relatively high level of technological sophistication (3 )....... it. The most likely explanation is that neither terrain nor climate suited the wheel. Until 10,000 BC, much of the world was (4 ).................the grip of the last vestiges of the lee Age. (5) ….............was not under ice sheet was covered by desert, jungle or bog - conditions obviously unsuited for something like the wheel. Most experts agree that the wheel evolved from the fact that Neolithic man was familiar with moving heavy objects (6) .................putting a roller, such as a tree trunk, under the load. Such techniques were used to move the huge stone blocks to build the pyramids around 2980 BC and probably Stonehenge, which dates back to around 2000 BC. (7) ................technique for moving large, heavy objects was to place them on sledges and to put the sledges on rollers. In time, it is likely that the sledge wore grooves into the rollers with the result that ancient man had a ratio - a small turn of the inner edge of the worn groove generated a larger turn of the outer edge of the roller. The next ( 8 ) ................ final step in the invention of the wheel was to reduce the weight of the roller by cutting away the wood between the grooves, in (9) ...............way creating an axle with a wheel at each end. At last man (10).................. better indulge his passions for travel, speed and movement.
CLOZE TEST 2
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
ENJOY THE BENEFITS OF STRESS!
Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according to some experts. They argue that the stress encountered in our daily lives is not only good for us, but essential to survival. They say that the response to (11)…………., which creates a chemical called adrenal in, helps the mind and body to act quickly (12)………….emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions which exist on the planet.
Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life, what is surprising is that we are yet to develop
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successful ways of dealing with them. (13) …………. The experts consider the current strategies to be inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that (14) …………., of trying to manage our response to stress with drugs or relaxation techniques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that people (15) …………. create conditions of stress for (16) …………. by doing exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope much better with life's problems. Activities of this type have been shown to create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely uncomfortable. But there is a point (17)…………. which they realise they have succeeded and know that it was a positive experience. This is because we learn through challenge and difficulty. That's (18) …………. we get our wisdom. Few of us, unfortunately, understand this fact. For example, many people believe they (19)…………. from stress at work, and take time off as a result. Yet it has been found in some companies that by far (20)…………. healthiest people are those with the most responsibility. So next time you're in a stressful situation, just remember that it will be a positive learning experience and could also benefit your health!
II. WORD FORMS (20 marks)
A. Give the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The act of …………. should be prohibited under any circumstances. Everyone all has equal rights to vote. (FRANCHISE)
2. The boss ordered his staff to be …………. with each other in dealing with the company's end-of-year burden. (LABOR)
3. It is such a …………. story that the mom lost" her child when her family immigrated from Africa into Europe. (LUCK)
4. The mayor was determined that he would do everything in his power to …………. the murder case. (MYSTERY)
5. The government stressed it was not abandoning its tough ………….policies. (INFLATE)
6. The woman detected her …………. conditions soon after she felt ill in her body. (CANCER)
. I cast my eyes…………. and saw the geese flying in V-line. (HEAVEN)
8. …………. program s are offered to those who want to do professional training while being paid to work. (SERVICE)
9. It is inhumane to sell………….limbs of the animals, such as rhinoceros or elephants, in the market place. (MEMBER)
10. He was regarded as a …………. winner as he beat his opponents in three straight sets. (RUN)
B. Use the correct form of each of the words given in the box to fill in the blank in the following passages persist confer dispose lonely difficult part think out condition conscious
More than half the world’s population consider themselves shy, delegates to the first international (11)..............on shyness, being held in Cardiff, will be told today. One in 10 cases is severe. Effects include mutism, speech problems, (12)............., blushing, shaking and trembling, lack of eye contact, (13) in forming relationships and social phobia - the most extreme form of shyness, defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a pronounced and (14)................fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur. Shy people tend to blame themselves for social failure and attribute success to (15) .................. . factors. They expect their behaviour to be inadequate remember only negative information about themselves and accept without challenge adverse comments from others.
The causes are complex and not fully understood. The latest theory is that it can be traced to genes as well as to social (16).................. One estimate, based on research with twins, is that around 15 per cent of the population are born with a (17).................to shyness. Some psychologists believe there are two types: an early developing, fearful shyness and a later developing, (18)................…shyness. The fearful version emerges often in the first year of life and is (19).................... to be (20)….............. inherited.
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III ERROR IDENTIFICATION: (10 marks)
There are 10 errors in the following passage. Identify and correct them.
Children who tell pop music does not interfere with their homework receive support today, with the discovery that pay attention to visual stimuli and sounds requires completely different brain pathways which can operate at the same time with your appreciation of either being damaged. Researchers have founded that listening to car stereos does not create much interference when you are driving. Similarly, pop music should not interfere with children homework. The affect of pop music on their performance at it is far outweigh by other factors, such as how happy they are to be doing it.
These findings could be applied for the design of places which people have to take in large amounts of information very quickly. They could, for example, be relevantly to the layout of pilot cockpits on aircraft.
1…………… 2…………… 3……………
4…………… 5…………… 6……………
7…………… 8…………… 9…………… 10…………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 marks)
Line 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LÊ QUÝ
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. PHONOLOGY
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others 1.A. brood B. broomstick C. foolscap D. brooch 2.A. massage B. pilgrimage C. pillage D. dosage 3.A. exist B. exhaustion C. explorer D. exhibit 4.A. accredit B. salamander C. majesty D. saliva 5.A. swarthy B. wreathe C. apothecium D. feather
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three 6. A. interviewer B. encouragement C. acknowledge D. interpreter 7. A. diplomacy B. synonymous C. elephantine D. petroleum 8. A. authoritative B. argumentative C. administrative D. initiative 9. A. communal B. delicacy C. peninsula D. pneumonia 10. A. telecommuting B. geophysical C. hydroelectric D. humanitarian
II. WORD CHOICE
Rewrite the sentence with the given word or the given beginning so that the new sentence has the same meaning as the previous one.
1. He contributed significantly to the success of the project. (import)
→ His ………………………………………………….. the success of the project.
2. He was terribly upset by the news. (blow)
→ The news came…………………………………………………..him.
3. The new town has made the town centre nicer, but public transport could still be improved a lot. (room)
→ The new town has made the town centre nicer, but…………………………..to public transport.
4. Trying desperately to compensate for his terrible behaviour, he bought her a bunch of flowers. (amends)
→ In a ………………………….. his terrible behaviour, he bought her a bunch of flowers.
5. We decided to stay for longer because we were so thrilled by the plane. (prolonging)
→ Our…………………………………………………………………..we by the plane.
6. The north west of Britain has more rain each year than the southeast.
→ The annual……………………………………………………………………………
7. They declared war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights.
→The……………………………………………………………………………
8. No one stands a chance of beating Mansell in this y ear’s championship.
→ It’s a foregone…………………………………………………………………………
9. This house is very different from the little flat we used to live in. (cry)
→ This house……………………………………………………………………………
10. The spectators got so angry that they had to cancel the football match.
→ Such……………………………………………………………………………………
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 11. The children in the audience were…………..by the show. A. brightened B. advocated C. captivated D. cultivated 12. There’s a great deal of pressure in the newspaper industry; editors might work a 12-hour day with no…. A. come-down B. letdown C. let-up D. crack-down 13. The difference between your estimate and mine is just too small to mention. It makes no sense to…………..about it. A. chew the fat B. split hairs C. talk shop D. brave the elements 14. It was predicted that business would be destroyed and the town’s economy would be in………….. A. fragments B. scraps C. segments D. tatters 15. In friendship we…………the embarrassment o f a dissident disclosure. A. are at pains to avoid B. are on pain of avoidance C. are under pain of avoidance D. avoid for one another’s pains 16. In some countries, confrontation between police and strikers on …………has become a feature of life in the eighties. A. dole queues B. picket lines C. back benches D. assembly lines 17. Believe it or not, he has even…………to swindling his own friends. A. reduced B. declined C. sunk D. connived 18. Even if they threaten you, you must be firm and………… A. rub your shoulders B. get off scot-free C. stick to your guns D. turn the tables on 19. A: Sarah is one of the most popular fashion designers in the country, isn’t she? B: Indeed. She is ……………………………at present. A. riding the crest of a wave B. burning the midnight oil C. letting off steam D. making a mountain out of a molehill 20. The depleted column was barely able to ………… the enemy attack. A. withstand B. expel C. withhold D. smash
III. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES
21. The idea is ………… the publicity department during peak periods.
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RỊA VŨNG TÀU
ĐÔN - BÀ
A. Susan to assist B. Susan assisting C. that Susan be assisted D. that Susan assist 22. My doctor said…………the medication for six months. A. I would have to take B. I must have taken C. that I take D. me to take 23. Nebraska has floods in some years,………… A. in others drought B. droughts are others C. while other droughts D. others in drought 24. Many people regard ………… the police have started carrying guns. A. asa really bad idea when B. it a really bad idea if C. it asa really bad idea that D. it to be a really bad idea for 25. …………real work was done in the office while the boss was away. A. Not a B. No C. Not only D. None 26. Social scientists believe that ………… from sounds such as grunts and barks made by early ancestors of human beings.
A. language, which was very slow to develop B. language, very slowly developing C. the very slow development of language D. language developed very slowly 27. ………… , only people who agree with her are real Jews. A. We can infer how she is concerned B. We can infer that as far as she is concerned C. Inferred from what she is concerned D. We can infer what she is concerned 28. ………… the circling the globe faster than Jules Verne’s fictional Phileas Fogg.
A. A pioneer journalist, Nellie Bly’s exploits included B. Also included in the exploits of Nellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, was C. The exploits of Nellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, were included D. The pioneer journalist’s exploits of Nellie Bly included 29. Owning and living in a freestanding house is still a goal of young adults,…………earlier generations. A. as did B. as it was of C. like that of D. so have 30. Unsalted butter is best for this recipe, but…………that, margarine will do. A. except B. given C. for all of D. failing
IV. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS
31. He doesn't invest in arms industry…………principle. A. on B. in C. under D. within 32. No agreement was reached. The strikers decided to…………out for a better deal. A. keep B. watch C. hold D. draw 33. Marrying into such a rich family had always been …………his wildest dreams. A. under B. above C. over D. beyond 34. What the treasurer said virtually …………a confession. A. amounted to B. came up C. stood by D. embodied with 35. Don’t try to …………with your lies and excuses. A. head me off B. palm me off C. back me up D. hand me down 36. I was bored so I …………a magazine to kill time. A. eyed up B. thumbed through C. knuckled down D. muscled in 37. Ever since they made her assistant manager, she’s been…………herself. A. looking up B. getting above C. getting out D. looking out 38. She knocked………… a meal in ten minutes.
A. up B. off C. out D. on 39. The firm will…………unless business improves. A. go on B. go under C. take up D. take over 40. The files are locked up and I can’t …………them. A. put on B. take in C. get at D. pick up
V. GUIDED CLOZE
GUIDED CLOZE 1
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space:
I never seem to stop. I’m not so much a workaholic as the (l)…………’girl who can’t say no’. Not only have I never learned to organize my time, I need the deadline to pass before I get going. Then I wonder why I feel (2) …………! I’m very good at whipping up false energy. Without (3)………… rest, though, I start to look grey and then, apart from a good night’s sleep, the only thing that brings me back to life is meditation. I find that 20 minutes’ meditation is (4)…………to a night’s sleep and that keeps me going.
Somehow though, I never get around to meditating on a daily (5)………….I’m no good in the morning. By the time I’ve managed to get up and repair the (6)…………of the night, half the day’s gone. When it comes to food, I’m a hostess’s nightmare. As I (7)…………from migraine, I avoid cheese and stimulants like coffee, red wine and spirits, which are generally (8)…………to trigger an attack. I only eat rye bread, as the gluten in wheat makes me feel bloated and ropy, I’ve (9)………… countless migraine ‘cures’, from the herbal remedy feverfew to acupuncture. Acupuncture (10)………… balance the system, but
nothing stops the attacks.
1. A. innovative B. first C. foremost D. original 2. A. apathetic B. exhausted C. gruelling D. spent 3. A. sufficient B. severe C. acceptable D. minimal 4. A. compatible B. alike C. equivalent D. proportional 5. A. way B. basis C. routine D. manner 6. A. damages B. wrecks C. ravages D. ruins 7. A. complain B. suffer C. experience D. ache 8. A. foreseen B. maintained C. regarded D. thought 9. A. tried B. experimented C. searched D. proved 10. A. assists B. improves C. restores D. helps
GUIDED CLOZE 2
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space:
In the universally (1)…………Pixar movie Inside Out, there is a scene where a dad is having trouble getting his toddler to eat broccoli, a vegetable that (2)…………disgust in most children of that age. For the movie’s international release, Pixar replaced broccoli with whatever vegetable was most suitable for a particular region’s picky-eating children. When food blogger Linda Miller Nicholson was (3)………… with the challenge of raising a son who turns his (4) ………… up at vegetables, she readily accepted it by (5) …………them into pasta in (6) …………imaginative ways.
As a molecular gastronomist known as the Lady Gaga of Food by the Cooking Channel, Nicholson regularly (7)………… food in an original way. However, she has (8)………… to fame for her out-of-thisworld pasta (9)…………. They aren’t your ordinary pastas with bland colors and dull flavors; they’re zany pasta designs with (10)………… of colors, mesmerizing patterns, homages to art pieces like Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring, and other cultural icons using all-natural ingredients. (...)
1. A. extolled B. exalted C. acclaimed D. applauded 2. A. invokes B. provokes C. excites D. incites 3. A. presented B. acquainted C. displayed D. introduced
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4. A. chin B. eye C. mouth D. nose
5. A. sneaking B. stitching C. stalking D. slipping
6. A. wildly B. passionately C. indigenously D. disorderly
7. A. reaches B. undertakes C. approaches D. tackles
8. A, increased B. ascended C. risen D. surged
9. A. creations B. productions C. constructions D. formations
10. A. outpourings B. outbreaks C. bursts D. flare-ups
VI. READING COMPREHE NSION PASSAGE 1
LOST CIVILIZATION OF PERU
Two thousand years ago a mysterious and little known civilization ruled the northern coast of Peru. Its people were called the Moche. They built huge and bizarre pyramids that still dominate the surrounding countryside; some well over a hundred feet talk Many are so heavily eroded they look like natural hills; only close up can you see they are made up of millions of mud bricks. Several of the pyramids, known as 'huacas', meaning sacred site in the local Indian dialect, contain rich collections of murals depicting both secular and sacred scenes from the Moche world. Others house the elaborate tombs of Moche leaders. Out in the desert, archaeologists have also found the 2,000-year-old remains of an extensive system of mud brick aqueducts which enabled the Moche to tame their desert environment. Many are still in use today, indeed there are signs that the Moche irrigated a larger area of land than farmers in Peru do now.
But who were the Moche? How did they create such an apparently successful civilisation in the middle of the desert, what kind of a society was it, and why did it disappear? For decades it was one of the greatest archaeological riddles in South America. But now at last, scientists are beginning to come up with answers.
As archaeologists have excavated at Moche sites they've unearthed some of the most fabulous pottery and jewellery ever to emerge from an ancient civilization. The Moche were pioneers of metal working techniques like gilding and early forms of soldering. These skills enabled them to create extraordinarily intricate artefacts; ear studs and necklaces, nose rings and helmets, many heavily inlaid with gold and precious stones.
But it was the pottery that gave the archaeologists their first real insight into Moche life. The Moche left no written record but they did leave a fabulous account of their life and times in paintings on pots and vessels. Many show everyday events and objects such as people, fish, birds and other animals. Others show scenes from what, at first sight, look like a series of battles.
But as the archaeologists studied them more closely they realised they weren't ordinary battles; all the soldiers were dressed alike, the same images were repeated time and again. When the battle was won, the vanquished were ritually sacrificed; their throats cut, the blood drained into a cup and the cup drunk by a God-like deity. It was, the archaeologists slowly realised, a story not of war but ritual combat followed by human sacrifice.
But what did it mean. Was it a real or mythological scene; and, above all, was it a clue to the Moche's life and times?
The first break through came when a Canadian archaeologist called Dr Steve Bourget, of the University of Texas in Austin, discovered a collection of bones at one of the most important Moche huacas. Examining them he realised he wasn't looking at an ordinary burial site. The bodies had been systematically dismembered and marks on neck vertebrae indicated they had had their throats cut. Here was physical proof that the images of combat and sacrifice on the pots were depicting not a mythological scene but a real one.
Many of the skeletons were deeply encased in mud which meant the burials had to have taken place in the rain. Yet in this part of Peru it almost never rains. Bourget realised there had to be a deliberate connection between the rain and the sacrifices. It lead him to a new insight into the Moche world. The Moche, like most desert societies, had practiced a form of ritual designed to celebrate or encourage rain. The sacrifices were about making an unpredictable world more predictable. A harsh environment had
moulded a harsh civilisation with an elaborate set of rituals designed to ensure its survival.
These discoveries answered one question - what was the iconography all about - but still left a central riddle. What had gone wrong; why had Moche society finally collapsed? The next clue was to come from hundreds of miles away in the Andes mountains. Here climate researcher Dr Lonnie Thompson, of Ohio State University, was gathering evidence of the region's climatic history using ice cores drilled in glaciers.
Almost immediately Thompson and his team noticed something intriguing. The historic records showed that over the last one hundred years, every time the ice cores showed drought in the mountains, it corresponded to a particular kind of wet weather on the coast, a weather system known as an El Nino. In other words drought in the mountains meant an El Nino on the coast. If Thompson could trace back the climate record in the mountains he'd also get a picture of what happened on the coast.
The result was fascinating. The climate record suggested that at around 560 to 650 AD - the time the Moche were thought to have collapsed - there had been a 30-year drought in the mountains, followed by 30 years or so of heavy rain and snow.
If the weather on the coast was the opposite, then it suggested a 30-year El Nino - what climatologists call a mega El Nino - starting at around 560 AD, which was followed by a mega drought lasting another 30 years. Such a huge series of climatic extremes would have been enough to kill off an civilization - even a modern one. Here, at last, was a plausible theory for the disappearance of the Moche. But could it be proved?
Archaeologists set out to look for evidence. And it wasn't hard to find. All the huacas are heavily eroded by rain - but scientists couldn't tell if this was recent damage or from the time of the Moche. But then Steve Bourget found evidence of enormous rain damage at a Moche site called Huancaco which he could date. Here new building work had been interrupted and torn apart by torrential rain, and artefacts found in the damaged area dated to almost exactly the period Thompson had predicted there would have been a mega El Nino. Thompson's theory seemed to be stacking up.
Then archaeologists began to find evidence of Thompson's mega drought. They found huge sand dunes which appeared to have drifted in and engulfed a number of Moche settlements around 600 to 650 AD. The story all fitted together. The evidence suggested the Moche had been hit by a doubly whammy: a huge climate disaster had simply wiped them out.
For several years this became the accepted version of events; the riddle of the Moche had been solved. There was only one problem. In the late 1990s American archaeologist Dr Tom Dillehay revisted some of the more obscure Moche sites and found that the dates didn't match with the climate catastrophe explanation. Many of these settlements were later than 650 AD. Clearly the weather hadn't been the cause of their demise.
He also found something else. Many of the new settlements were quite unlike previous Moche settlements. Instead of huge huacas, the Moche had started building fortresses. They had been at war. But who with? Searching the site for clues, Dillehays's team were unable to find any non-Moche military artefacts. It could only mean one thing. The Moche had being fighting amongst themselves.
Dillehay now put together a new theory. The Moche had struggled through the climatic disasters but had been fatally weakened. The leadership - which at least in part claimed authority on the basis of being able to determine the weather - had lost its authority and control over its people. Moche villages and and/or clan groups turned on each other in a battle for scare resources like food and land. The Moche replaced ritual battles and human sacrifices with civil war. Gradually they fought themselves into the grave.
Yet even that's not , the whole story. Today, along the coast of Peru it's impossible to escape the legacy of this lost civilization. Their art lives on in the work of local craftsmen. And if you travel to the highlands, the Moche tradition of ritualised combat is preserved in the Tinku ceremonies where highland villages conduct ceremonial battles against each other in the hope of ensuring a good harvest.
Today, after 1,500 years, the Moche, and their legacy are beginning to take their place in world history. The story of the Moche is an epic account of society that thought it could control the world and what happened to it when it found it couldn't. It's a story of human achievement and natural disaster, human sacrifice and war.
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Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? Write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the Information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. Chiefs are buried in some pyramids.
2. Moche water channels have lasted to the present day.
3. Archaeologists found evidence that the Moche used money.
4. Texts in the Moche language were discovered.
5. Pottery designs had scenes of the Moche fighting foreign armies.
ANSWER
1…………. 2…………. 3…………. 4…………. 5………….
Complete the notes. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORD S AND/OR A NUMBER from the Reading Passage for each answer
6. The aim of the killings and burials was to make it more likely there would be…………..
7. The extremely dry weather led to some Moche sites being covered by…………..
8. It was thought their civilization had been destroyed by changes in the …………..
9. Dillehay found evidence that Moche society had survived beyond…………..
10. The first evidence of military activity was the discovery of…………..
Which THREE of these reasons does Dillehay suggest contributed to the disappearance of the Moche civilization?
A. a disastrous war with an external enemy
B. six decades of extreme weather
C . people no longer obeying their leaders
D. declining religious belief
E. the practice of sacrificing people
PASSAGE 2
FOOTBALL’S PAST
In the early 19th century, football was very popular in the top private schools in England. Initially, each school had its own rules and while the pupils were still at school the fact that they played by these particular rules hardly mattered. When, however, they left for the universities or for business in the provinces, it became clear that if they were to continue playing football they were going to need a universal set of rules, acceptable to all teams.
Up until the 1850s, two teams at, say, Oxford University, would only be playing a familiar game if every player had been to the same school. As things turned out, a major game was often preceded by a long correspondence with lengthy arguments about the rules. Was handling to be allowed? How many players on each side? How long should the pitch be? How wide the goals? Would carrying the ball be permitted? (‘Yes’, would say all the ex-pupils of Rugby school; ‘No’, would say almost everyone else.) And even when the game got under way, confusion and protests would necessitate long midfield conferences between the two captains.
In time it became usual for the ex-Rugby students and their small but growing company of followers from other schools to play ‘rugby’ football on their own. and for the others to come to some agreement over the rules of the more popular version. Few of these early codes of rules have come down to us complete, but snatches from them give a clear idea of the patterns of the early game, and in particular how boring it must have been to stand in the cold and watch.
The first serious attempts at laying down the rules of football were made at Cambridge University in 1848 and these were adapted and tightened up twice in the 1850s. Then in November 1862 the Cambridge Rules were revised yet again and specified 11-a-side, an umpire from each side plus a neutral referee, goals
12 feet (3.7m) across and up to 20 feet (6.15m) high and an hour and a quarter’s play only. These rules were said to have worked well; in the following year they formed a vital part of the rules of the newly formed Football Association.
The formation of the Football Association was bitter and often ill-tempered. With neither side willing to give way, the split between rugby players and the rest became too wide ever to be mended. The real disagreement was not over running with the ball, but over ‘hacking’. Rugby players felt it was manly and courageous to tackle an opponent by kicking him on the leg: the others did not, and voted against it. The rugby men called them cowards and walked out.
Rugby did, however, leave behind one significant innovation- the more precise name for its competitor. The story may not be true, but the legend is that one Charles Wreford-Brown, who later became a notable official of the Football Association, was asked by some friends at Oxford whether he would join them for a game of rugby or ‘rugger’, as it was now often called. He refused, claiming that he was going to play ‘soccer' - evidently a play on the word ‘association’. It caught on.
1. In the middle of the 19th century, it became clear that ......... A. university football was played by a special set of rules. B. not all football teams were prepared to accept standard rules C. each school had different rules for football. D. provincial footballers players by old-fashioned.
2. Before the mid-19th century, the rules for important games were mainly settled by...... A. letters exchanged before the match. B. players from the same school. C. a special meeting between the two captains. D. all the players on the pitch.
3. We know from the text that football before 1848 was......... A. very similar to modern rugby. B. more strictly regulated than rugby. C. always played with the same width goal. D. not very interesting for spectators.
4. The word ‘snatches’ probably means ......... A. detailed copies B. players’ descriptions C. short extracts D. careful diagrams
5. The Cambridge Rules of 1862 laid down........ A. the minimum time for a game. B. the number of players and officials, C. the exact size of the goal D. the maximum length of the pitch.
6. Rugby players could not agree with the Football Association over ……… A. running with the ball B. kicking other players C. what to call the game D. the shape of the goal
7. The word ‘it’ refers to .......
A. the Football Association. B. the use of ‘rugger’ for rugby. C. the game at Oxford. D. the new name for football.
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. CLOZE TEST: Read the text and fill in each gap with ONE suitable word OPEN CLOZE 1
Chocolate has an intriguing history that goes way back in time to the Mayas of Central America, who first discovered the secret of the cocoa tree. The Mayas educated the Aztecs, who in turn revealed all to the Europeans.
The Aztecs called the drink they made from crushed cocoa beans (1)…………...with vanilla and sugar ‘The Food of the Gods’, a term (2)…………... changed to ‘The Food for Love’ in Europe. Many do swear that chocolate is an aphrodisiac and event recent research (3)…………... proved that chocolate does help
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us to relax and feel more sensual (Casanova swore by it).
Chocolate has changed a great deal (4)………… the days of the Aztecs. For a start, Europeans found (5)…………preferred the taste if they didn’t include chilli pepper (6)………… its production! Spain held a monopoly on chocolate (7)…………1615, when the daughter of Phillip II of Spain married King Louis XIII of France and took the secret of chocolate with her. But (8)………… so, chocolate recipes were a closely guarded secret for hundreds of years.
Although in great demand, the quality of chocolate at that time was very changeable. It all changed in the early nineteenth century, (9)…………, when the first Swiss chocolate factory was founded near Vevey, (10) …………the shadow of beautiful Lake Geneva. The founder and the father of Swiss chocolate was Fracois-Louis Cailler. You can still buy Cailler chocolate today; in fact, most of the original chocolate ‘names’ are still in existence centuries on.
OPEN CLOZE 2
THE WORLD OF COSMOPOLITAN
One magazine, (1)………… than any other, symbolizes the global dominance of Western youth culture and fashion. Cosmopolitan, the lifestyle and fashion guide for women in the 18-34 age group, (2)…… now published in 28 languages. From Latvia to India, women (3)…………to Cosmo for advice and a taste of adult content in a lighthearted, upbeat style. Each local (4) …………follows the same formula, which is strictly laid down in a secret 50-page instruction manual. The cover, for example, of every issue must depict a woman who (5)…………the spirit of Cosmo, which is summed up in its slogan: fun and fearless female. But each local editor ensures that Cosmo reflects local tastes and is respectful (6)…………local culture. Photographs are mostly of local celebrities who are easily recognised, and relationship advice is geared to the values of the local population. In China, for example, any mention of sex would be unacceptable, (7)…………the magazine still offers beauty advice amongst articles advocating patriotism and good citizenship. With an international (8)………… of 8.2 million, Cosmopolitan can be said to (9)………… succeeded in catering for the needs and interests of women worldwide. But to others, Cosmopolitan is just another American product successfully marketed to the (10)…………of the world.
II. WORD FORMATION
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses
1. For the first night's performance the………… had to be called in to take the part because the leading lady was ill. (STUDENT)
2. She survived the crash with minor injuries, but the car was a …………. (WRITE)
3. Some………… members left to form a new party. (AFFECT)
4. They are on a (n)…………mission to gather all data, surveys and specialist reports to oppose the no smoking ban in Ireland. (FACT)
5. Paying children too much attention when they misbehave can be………… (DEFEAT) to achieve but having an opposite effect
6. Prices may rise and consumption may fall as individuals refrain from purchasing new cars, computers and other…………. (ESSENCE)
7. The only slight………… in the painting is a scratch in the corner. (PERFECT)
8. His life offered me no hope of…………. (GOOD)
9. Catholic leaders have not…………themselves from the am bivalent statement emanating from last week’s funeral. (SOCIAL)
10. Native speakers of all written languages use context to…………homophone pairs that have a single written form. (AMBIGUOUS)
PART 2: Complete the following passage using the words given in the box below. You may change the form of the word if necessary. decimation information weaker pick institute
governmental capital lobby legislate states
“After decades of cutting its own staff and research arms, much of Capitol Hill’s (1)……….. memory and policy expertise now resides in the (2)……….. industry. ” This is the most important sentence in the article. Our penny-wise, pound-foolish country has (3)……….. its expertise in the sectors that are the object of its (4)……….. , so now it relies on lobbyists to tell us how things work. Unlike government experts who receive decent salaries to keep their congressmen (5) ……….. so that they can negotiate with lobbyists with knowledge, these lobbyists use their monopoly on knowledge to manipulate the system, now regularly writing the laws, only to get a rubber stamp from Congress. According to our Constitution, democracy resides in our government. All this (6)………..propaganda, from the right and the Democratic centrists, (7) ………..our republic. There are many things markets do well. There are many things governments do well. The only things the Constitution says about markets or (8)……….. is that states should regulate their trade and that the federal government regulates (9) ……….. and international trade. Our republic is supposed to promote the general welfare, not easy (10) ……….. for global corporations.
III. ERROR CORRECTION.
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them
LINE 1 5 10 15
People in Britain today still pay a great deal of attentions to the notion of class. According to recent research by linguists, British people attach much significance to accent and choice of words than anything else, even wealth, when assessing other people social status. However, a new style of English pronunciation has been adopted by people from all levels of society may soon make it impossible to judge somebody according to their speech. The new standard English is known as Estuary English (EE) although it is originated in the area round the River Thames estuary, but is now typical throughout the south-east. A way of speaking is very popular with the young in particular, who are keen to disguise their social origins. The most character feature of EE is a tendency to weaken consonants, particularly l and t sounds, so the word what is heard as wha and will sounds something like wiw. Some vowels are voiced clearly so that the words full, fall and fool sound virtually the same, which can cause ambiguity. EE speech is a controversial subject in England - some people welcom e it as a sign that Britain is moving towards a free-class society, but others consider it a lazy, ignorant way of speaking, and schools have told to encourage their pupils to speak more correctly.
1………………. 2………………. 3……………….
4………………. 5………………. 6…
7………………. 8………………. 9………………. 10..…………….
IV. Rewrite the following sentences, using the words given
1. When confronted with his crime the accused was unrepentant. (REMORSE)
→ The ………………………………………………… crime he had committed.
2. My brother gets a terrible rash every time he eats seafood. (BRINGS)
→ Eating………………………………………………..a terrible crash.
3. Journalists are expected to work until late at night. (PUT)
→ Journalists are expected……………………………………………
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4. He had no idea what was going to happen to him when he walked into that room. (STORE)
→ Little……………………………………………him when he walked into that room.
.I was determined to take advantage of the experience. (MISSED)
→ I would……………………………………………such an experience for all the world.
6. Someone must have seen the thieves escaping with the jewels. (MAKING)
→ The thieves ……………………………………………with the jewels.
7. In order to discover how the disagreement had started, Mary talked to each child separately. (ONE)
→ Mary talked to the children ………………………attempt to discover how the disagreement had started.
8. Minnie meant well so you mustn't be offended by her comments. (AMISS)
→ Please………………………………………………. because she meant well.
9. There are so many different styles of ethnic cuisine to choose from these days. (SPOILT)
→ These days, we…………………………………………… when it comes to ethnic cuisine.
10. Ray agonized over whether he should tell his host that the chicken was underdone. (QUANDARY)
→ Discovering that his chicken was underdone…………………… should he tell his host or not.
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN DU -
I. WORD CHOICE (5 pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. The man’s choice to run away virtually………… to an admission of guilt. A. resulted B. came C. amounted D. added 2. Environmental pollution has ………… many species to the verge of extinction. A. sent B. thrown C. brought D. driven 3. After years of working together, the partners found themselves ………… linked. A. permanently B. indelibly C. perpetually D. inextricably 4. It was decided that the cost of the project would be ………… and so it was abandoned. A. repressive B. prohibitive C. restrictive D. exclusive 5. Living by the ocean really …………your…………. Once you’ve lived there, you never want to leave. A. came in/heart B. get in/heart C. run in/blood D. came in/blood 6. Tamara has set her ………… on becoming a ballet-dancer.
A. feet B. brain C. head D. heart 7. Paul's been in Alice’s bad ………… ever since he offended her at the party.
A. eyes B. books C. likes D. treats 8. Knowing the confidential details gave him a(n)…………over the other candidates. A. edge B. possibility C. exertion D. fringe 9. He promised me an Oxford dictionary and to my great joy, he _____ his word. A. stood by B. stuck at C. went back on D. held onto 10. His new play is not only interesting but also unique. It is really off the beaten………… A. track B. road C. path D. route
II. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (5 pts)
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence
1. John: “Our teacher, Mr. Jones, is not very flexible. He always requires us to submit his assignments on time.”
Jack: “………… . He should know that we have to learn many subjects.” A. I can’t disagree with you more B. I can’t agree with you more C. That can be true D. I am not with you here
2. The more expensive carpet is a good choice………… it will last longer. A. by means of B. due to C. in that D. in view of 3. There was no one downstairs; so he turned off the lights again and decided that she' imagined things. A. must have B. should have C. can’t have D. needn’t have 4. Little Deon: “This herb smells horrible!”
Mom my :…………, it will do you a power of good. A. Be that as it may B. Come what may C. How much horrible is it D. Whatever it smells
5. ………… I’ve told him not to go out with those people, but he wouldn’t listen. Just let him face the music now.
A. Many a time B. Many the time C. Quite a time D. For a time 6. ………… as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell. A. That we refer to B. What we refer to C. To which we refer D. What do we refer to
7. ………… the water clear but also prevent the river from overflowing. A. Not only the hippo’s eating habits keep B. Keep not only the hippo’s eating habits
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C. The hippo’s eating habits not only keep D. Not only keep the hippo’s eating habits
8. Computer are said to be………… for the development of mankind.
A. here today B. here and there C. here to stay D. neither here nor there 9. Did the minister approve the building plans?- Not really, he turned them down ………… that the costs were too high.
A. in case B. provided C. on the grounds D. supposing 10. It was such a loud noise………… everyone in the house A. as to wake B. that to wake C. so as to wake D. that waking
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 pts)
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. He…………a big fortune when he was young, so he didn't have to work hard. A. came into B. came up C. came across D. came round 2. Are you taking………… all of these phrasal verbs? A. for B. down C. off D. in 3. The medicine takes one hour to …………. A. bear with B. kick in C. make out D. get by 4. Have you…………. with your homework yet?
A. gotten through B. taken over C. thought up D. checked over 5. Jennifer………….the invitation to join us for dinner. A. called on B. come out C. got out of D. passed on 6. If he's clumsy, he can bump………….the desk. A. by B. over C. into D. through 7. We can put you………….for a few days if you have nowhere else to live. A. on B. out C. up D. off 8. Mary was astonished that she was………….for the counselor's position.
A. got by B. turned down C. caught on D. come to 9. After running up the stairs, I was ………….breath. A. without B. out of C. no D. away from 10. She nearly lost her own life ………….attempting to save the child from drowning. A. with B. for C. at D. in
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 pts)
1. I felt a bit ………….and seemed to have more aches and pains than usual A. out of sorts B. over the worst C. on the mend D. under the fever
2. A: ‘Oh, I'm exhausted! I've been doing homework all day.'
B: ‘Come and put your up for 5 minutes and I’ll make you a cup of tea.’ A. hands B. hair C. heart D. feet
3. His English was roughly…………. with my Greek, so communication was rather difficult!
A. levelled B. on a par C. equal D. in tune
4. Although she had never used a word-proceesor before, she soon got the …………. of it.
A. feel B. touch C. move D. hang
5. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by the skin of my…………
A. mouth B. leg C. neck D. teeth
6. If you want a flat in the centre of the city, you have to pay through the for it.
A. teeth B. back of your head C. nose D. arm
7. You will be putting your life on the…………. if you take up skydiving.
A. ground B. line C. way D. lane
8. As far as her future goes, Olivia is …………. She hasn't got a clue what career to follow. A. on the level B. all at sea C. behind the scenes D. in the know
9. Your husband was a bit out of control at the party, to …………. mildly. A. take it B. put it C. say D. tell 10. There is a large effort …………. to rebuild arts education in the New York city public schools. A. under way B. a long way C. out of the way D. in the way
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10PTS):
Read the passages below and choose the best answer to each question. PASSAGE 1
They are just four, five and six years old right now, but already they are making criminologists nervous. They are growing up, too frequently, in abusive or broken homes, with little adult supervision and few positive role models. Left to themselves, they spend much of their time hanging out on the streets or soaking up violent TV shows. By the year 2005 they will be teenagers-a group that tends to be, in the view of Northeastern University criminologist James Alan Fox, “temporary sociopaths-impuisive and immature.” If they also have easy access to guns and drugs, they can be extremely dangerous.
For all the heartening news offered by recent crime statistics, there is an ominous flip side. While the crime rate is dropping for adults, it is soaring for teens. Between 1990 and 1994, the rate at which adults age 25 and older committed homicides declined 22%; yet the rate jumped 16% for youths between 14 and 17, the age group that in the early ’90s supplanted 18- to 24-year-olds as the most crime-prone. And that is precisely the age group that will be booming in the next decade. There are currently 39 million children under 10 in the U.S., more than at any time since the 1950s. “This is the calm before the crime storm,” says Fox. “So long as we fool ourselves in thinking that we’re winning the war against crime, we may be blindsided by this bloodbath of teenage violence that is lurking in the future.”
Demographics don't have to be destiny, but other social trends do little to contradict the dire predictions. Nearly all the factors that contribute to youth crime-single-parent households, child abuse, deteriorating inner-city schools - are getting worse. At the same time, government is becoming less, not more, interested in spending money to help break the cycle of poverty and crime. All of which has led John J. Dilulio Jr., a professor of politics and public affairs at Princeton, to warn about a new generation of “super predators,” youngsters who are coming of age in actual and “moral poverty,” without “the benefit of parents, teachers, coaches and clergy to teach them right or wrong and show them unconditional love.”
Predicting a generation's future crime patterns is, of course, risky; especially when outside factors (Will crack use be up or down? Will gun laws be tightened?) remain unpredictable. Michael Tonry, a professor of law and public policy at the University of Minnesota, argues that the demographic doomsayers are unduly alarmist. “There will be a slightly larger number of people relative to the overall population who are at high risk for doing bad things, so that’s going to have some effect, he concedes. “But it's not going to be an apocalyptic effect." Norval Morris, professor of law and criminology at the University of Chicago, finds Dilulio’s notion of super predators too simplistic: “The human animal in young males is quite a violent animal all over the world. The people who put forth the theory of moral poverty lack a sense of history and comparative criminology."
Yet other students of the inner city are more pessimistic. “All the basic elements that spawn teenage crime are still in place, and in many cases the indicators are worse," says Jonathan Kozol, author of Amazing Grace, an examination of poverty in the South Bronx. “There’s a dramatic increase of children in foster care, and that’s a very high-risk group of kids. We’re not creating new jobs, and we're not improving education to suit poor people for the jobs that exist."
Can anything defuse the demographic time bomb? Fox urges “reinvesting in children": improving schools, creating after-school programs and providing other alternatives to gangs and drugs. Dilulio, a lawand-order conservative, advocates tougher prosecution and wants to strengthen religious institutions to instill better values. Yet he opposes the Gingrich-led effort to make deep cuts in social programs. “A failure to maintain existing welfare and health commitment for kids," he says, “is to guarantee that the next
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wave of juvenile predators will be even worse than we’re dealing with today." Dilulio urges fellow conservatives to think of Medicaid not as a health-care program but as “an anticrime policy.”
(Source: Time Magazine)
stops working and is unusable ('death' in the biological sense). But are the wear and tear and loss of function of technical objects and the death of living organisms really similar or comparable?
1. Young children are making criminologists nervous because…………
A. they are committing too much crime B. they are impulsive and immature C. they may grow up to be criminals D. they have no role models
2. The general crime rate in the US is………… A. increasing B. decreasing C. not changing D. difficult to predict
3. The age group which commits the highest rate of crime is………… A. 14 - 17 B. 18 - 24 C. 24 + D. the old
4. James Fox believes that the improvement in crime figures could …………
A. make us complacent in the fight against crime B. result in an increase in teenage violence C. make us become fooled and blindsided D. result in a decrease in teenage violence
5. According to paragraph 3, the government……… A. cutting down on the budget B. is doing everything it can to solve the problem C. is not interested in solving the problem D. is not doing enough to solve the problem
6. In comparison with James Fox, Michael Tonry is … A. more pessimistic B. less pessimistic C. equally pessimistic D. indifferent
7. Jonathan Kozol believes that ………….
A. there is no solution to the problem B. employment and education are not the answer C. employment and education can improve the situation D. people can solve the problem by improving schools
8. Professor Dilulio thinks that spending on social programs …………. A. should continue as it is B. should be decreased C. is irrelevant to crime rates D. is a better solution to the problem
9. The word ‘lurking ” in the paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ………… A. happening B. hiding C. impending D. looming
10. The sentence “This is the calm before the crime storm.” means "………….".
A. There will be population booming in in the next decade B. The age group committing crime most in the next decade is now under 10 C. The age group 14 -17 will commit the most crimes in the next decade
D. People will be successful in dealing with the war against crime in the next decade
PASSAGE 2: For questions 1-6, read the text below and choose the correct heading for each paragraph B-G from the list of headings below (i-x). There are more headings than paragraphs. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning. (5pts)
HOW DOES THE BIOLOG ICAL CLOCK TICK?
A. Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as 'biologically' obvious. ‘Nothing lives forever!’ However, in this statement we think of artificially produced, technical objects, products which are subjected to natural wear and tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time or other the object
B. Our ‘dead’ products are ‘static’, closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes ‘older’. Ageing in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics. Although the same law holds for a living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way. At least as long as a biological system has the ability to renew itself it could actually become older without ageing; an organism is an open, dynamic system through which new material continuously flows. Destruction of old material and formation of new material are thus in permanent dynamic equilibrium. The material of which the organism is formed changes continuously. Thus our bodies continuously exchange old substance for new, just like a spring which more or less maintains its form and movement, but in which the water molecules are always different.
C . Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system to age and die. Nevertheless, a restricted life span, ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life. The reason for this is easy to recognise: in nature, the existent organisms either adapt or are regularly replaced by new types. Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions.
Immortality would disturb this system - it needs room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution
D. Every organism has a-life span which is highly characteristic. There are striking differences in life span between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant. For example, the average duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years. Although more and more people attain an advanced age as a result of developments in medical care and better nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for most remains 80 years. A further argument against the simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the time within which organisms age lies between a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and several thousand, years, as with mammoth trees.
E. If a lifespan is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to propose the existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the aging process and which finally determines death as the last step in a fixed programme. Like the fife span, the metabolic, rate has for different organisms a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass. In comparison to the life span this relationship is ‘inverted’: the larger the organism the lower its metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not only for birds, but also, similarly on average within the systematic unit, for all other organisms (plants, animals, unicellular organisms).
F. Animals which behave ‘frugally’ with energy become particularly old for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots and birds of prey are often held chained up. Thus they are not able to ‘experience life’ and so they attain a high life span in captivity. Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live much longer than those which are always active, The metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food (hunger diet) They then may live twice as long as their wellfed comrades. Women become distinctly (about 10 per cent) older than men. If you examine the metabolic rates of the two sexes you establish that the higher male metabolic rate roughly accounts for the lower male life span. That means that they live life ‘energetically’ - more intensively, but not for as long.
G. It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life. Extreme high performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quite certainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in general an equable and balanced personality. Each of us can develop his or her own ‘energy saving programme’ with a little selfobservation, critical self-control and, above all, logical consistency. Experience will show that to live in this way not only increases the life span but is also very healthy. This final aspect should not be forgotten.
For question 1-6, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-x, in the corresponding numbered boxes
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LIST OF HEADINGS
i The biological clock
ii Why dying is beneficial
iii The ageing process of men and women
iv Prolonging your life
v Limitations of life span
vi Modes of development of different species
vii A stable life span despite improvements
viii Energy consumption
ix Fundamental differences in ageing of objects and organisms
x Repair of genetic mater
Example answer: Paragraph A: v
Your answers:
1. Paragraph B ……………
2. Paragraph C ……………
3. Paragraph D ……………
4. Paragraph E ……………
5. Paragraph F ……………
6. Paragraph G ……………
Questions 77- 90, complete the notes below
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
• Objects age in accordance with principles of (7)… and of (8)……………
• Through mutations, organisms can (9) …………… better to the environment.
• (10) …………… would pose a serious problem for the theory of evolution.
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (10pts):
Read the following passages and decide which option A, B, C or D best fits each space.
PASSAGE 1
The coolest kids in Europe share a single (1)……………they want to get married, have children and live happily ever after. They know it means (2)……………their children first and sticking with their spouses even if they slip out of love. This news comes from the report o f a new study that (3)…………… out to find the answer to the modem riddle: What will today's youth really, really want tomorrow?
Poignantly, one of the clearest answers is that they want to have happy families. Even in the most (4)…………….. countries there was condemnation for divorce, demands that parents should keep their marriage (5)……………and admiration for stable couples.
It appears that among the middle classes, the quality of our children's lives has suffered from the pressures on parents in high-stress professions. In the days when the concept of 'quality time' first (6 )……, I remember seeing a TV producer on (7)…………… dial home on her mobile phone to read her son a bedtime story. This is just not good enough.
Quality time cannot be time (8)……………. Children need unconditional time in the same way that they need unconditional love. This study found a generation that had given up trying to (9)…………… its parents' attention but was (10)……………to do better by its own children.
1. A. drive B. eagerness C. ambition D. yearning
2. A. putting B. keeping C. having D. wanting
3. A. made B. aimed C. looked D. set
4. A. loose B. relaxed C. generous D. liberal
5. A. oaths B. vows C. pledges D. promises
6. A. proceeded B. revealed C. emerged D. rose
7. A. site B. place C. situation D. location
8. A. organized B. managed C. controlled D. disciplined 9. A. have B. make C. get D. take 10. A. determined B. firm C. persistent D. stubborn
PASSAGE 2
KIWI SURPRISE
When a work project gave me the opportunity to return to New Zealand, I spent several weeks (1) …… a country I had left in my early twenties. I’d forgotten about the petrol stations where men in smart uniforms (2) ………….to you. They fill your tank, check your oil and still (3)………….you less than one third of the British price for fuel. And the people rush to your assistance if they see you (4)…………. over a map. Or the blissful absence of tips. Locals simply cannot understand why anybody should expect to pay extra for friendly efficient service.
Given that New Zealand has about 3,000 kilometers of coastline, it should come as no (5)…………. that social life (6) …………. around the sea. When Auckland office workers leave their desks at the end of the working day, they don’t (7)…………. home. Instead, they (8) ………….a beeline for the marina and spend the evening under sail on the Hauraki Gulf. There are more yachts in Auckland than in any other city in the world- no wonder it’s called the City of Sails. Even those who can’t afford a (9)………….of their own will always know someone who has one, or at the very least, will windsurf the offshore breezes at speeds that make the commuter ferries appear to stand (10)………….
1. A. regaining B. recapturing C. refamiliarizing D. rediscovering 2. A. assist B. attend C. supply D. serve 3. A. charge B. ask C. require D. demand 4. A. pointing B. doubting C. clamoring D. puzzling 5. A. wonder B. surprise C. amazement D. news 6. A. centers B. revolves C. turns D. gathers 7. A. move B. aim C. head D. divert 8. A. have B. do C. get D. make 9. A. vehicle B. hull C. vessel D. receptacle 10. A. still B. dead C. afloat D. upright
B. WRITTEN TEST (70pts)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 pts): Read the passages below and fill each blank with ONE word.
CLOZE TEST 1 (10pts)
As a result of the recent discovery of lunar water, the moon has suddenly become a far more interesting place for investors, (1)………… must now view the long-term prospects with optimism. The last manned mission to the moon drew (2) …………a close in 1973, when two astronauts from Apollo 17 climbed back into their lunar module, (3)………… collected a lot of moonrock, but bereft (4)………… any future plans. Now the moon shines brighter for astronauts and scientists alike, (5)…………to the existence of (6)…………might be billions of tonnes of water at the poles.
There is (7)………… high-tech substitute for water in space exploration. To support the international space station, (8 )………… has cost at least $100,000 a day to send water into orbit. Not only would lunar water cut these costs, but it would additionally be used for rocket fuel, (9)………… two components, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, are the elements found in water.
Scientists are particularly excited (10) ………… , given the absence of an atmosphere, lunar water has never been recycled and they believe, therefore, that it could very well hold clues to the formation of the solar system itself.
CLOZE TEST 2 (10pts)
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For over two hundred years, scholars have shown an interest in the way children learn to speak and understand their language. Several small-scale studies were carried out, especially towards the end of the nineteenth century, (1)………… data recorded in parental diaries. But detailed, systematic investigation did not begin until the middle decades of the twentieth century, when the tape recorder (2)………… into routine use. This made it possible to keep a permanent record of samples of child speech, so that analysts could listen repeatedly to obscure (3) …………, and thus produce a detailed and accurate description. The problems that have (4)………… when investigating child speech are quite different from (5) ………… encountered when working with adults. It is not possible to carry out certain kinds of experiments, because aspects of children’s cognitive development, such as their ability to (6)…………attention or to remember instructions, may not be sufficiently advanced. (7) is it easy to get children to (8)………… systematic judgments about language - a task that is virtually impossible below the age of three. Moreover, anyone who has tried to make a tape recording of a representative sample of a child’s speech knows how frustrating this can be. Some children, it seems, are innately programmed to (9)………… off as soon as they notice a tape recorder (10) ………… switched on.
II. WORD FORMATIONS (20 pts)
PART 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts)
1. The private, school feared losing its…………with the state's university system. (CREDIT)
2. That the child behaved…………made the couple happy. (DEAR)
3. The candidate made a(n) ………… speech that incensed all those who heard it. (FLAME)
4. The business is…………as it can no longer meet the repayments on its debt. (SOLVE)
5. A………… is a popular place for tourists and travellers to send and receive emails. (CAFÉ)
6. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on …………by individual schools. (VALUE)
7. Babies affected by the disease will be born small, ………… and brain-damaged. (FORM)
8. She stood there completely…………, so I had no idea at all what she was thinking. (EXPRESS)
9. “What if” questions involving…………are familiar in historical speculations. (FACT)
10. The Prime Minister warned the people of his country that they must be ready for any………… - even the possibility of war. (EVENT)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box. (10pts)
offend respect irritate temper tolerate ground construct organize compose burst
ANGER
We’ve all felt anger at some time, whether as faint annoyance or blind rage. Anger is a normal, sometime useful human emotion, but un controlled (1)…………of temper can be destructive. People who give free rein to their anger, regardless of the (2)………… this may cause, haven’t learned to express themselves (3)…………, says Martin Smolik, who runs weekend residential courses in anger management. ‘It is important to maintain your (4)………… and put your case in an assertive, not aggressive manner without hurting others. Being assertive doesn’t mean being pushy or demanding; it means being (5)……… of yourself and other people.’ He adds that people who are easily angered1 are (6) ………… of frustration, inconvenience or irritation and, not surprisingly find relating to other people very difficult. But what causes people to behave like this? It seems there is evidence to support the idea that some children may be born (7)………… and prone to anger and this tendency is sometimes apparent from a very early age. However, research also suggests that a person’s family (8)…………may have an influence. Very often, people who are (9)………… and often find it difficult to express their emotions come from (10) ………… and disruptive families.
the errors and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0) Line 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
The arrival of satellite TV has brought up a whole new world of viewing into our living rooms - if we can afford to pay for it, that is, major sport events can now be seen live. Beside this, a wider variety of sports is now available. The viewer can choose anything from dog-racing and sumo wrestling. Certain channels show 20 film every day, again, the choice is enormous-from old classics to the latest Hollywood releases. For them who like to keep informed, 24-hour news is available for the touch of a button. Children are not forgotten neither. A special junior channel broadcasts cartoons and children’s films. But do we really need all this choice? The danger is that we will become a population of passive couch-potato with square eyes and fingers glued to the remote-control. Of course choice is a good thing, but viewers should use his ability to select the best and disregard of the rest.
Your answers: 0. up → on (line 1)
1………………. 2………………. 3………………. 4………………. 5………………. 6………………. 7………………. 8………………. 9………………. 10………………
IV. SENTENCE TRAN SFOR MATION (20 PTS):
PART 1: Complete the second sentence in such a w ay that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it. (10 points) 1. I was too scared to tell him what I really thought. → I lacked.......................................... 2. It’s a widespread assumption that George was wrongly accused. → George............................................ 3. He declared his disapproval of the behaviour of some of his supporters. → He let it.............................................................................................................. 4. The collision didn't damage my car much. → Not agreat.......................................................................................................... 5. Although he is 8 years older than her, they were good friends. → Despite ..............................................................................................................
PART 2: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Use the word given in block letter, and this word must not be changed in any way. (10 points) 6. I presume you are coming to the party Miriam. READ → Can I ................................ ............................................. you are coming to the party Miriam? 7. After a long hard journey, I cheered up when I saw my home. SIGHT → After a long hard journey, my spirits................................ of my home. 8. Yvonne did everything she could to ensure the trip was successful. LENGTHS → Yvonne….......................................................................... to ensure the success. 9. Russ's opinions on the new management policies were very different from those of his fellow workers. ODDS → Russ ....... .................................................... .............................the new management policies. 10. I tried as hard as I could to make sure that this problem would not arise. POWER → I did ................................................................... this problem from arising
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III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts): Read the following text which contains 10 mistakes. Underline
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A. MULT IPLE CHOICE (40 points)
I .1-10 WORD CHOICE
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. Although she would have preferred to carry on working, my mum........... her career in order to have children.
A. devoted B. repealed C . sacrificed D. abolished
. I find the offer quite............. . but I think I’d rather study at Oxford
A. tempting B. desirous C. inclined D. envious
3. I don ’t normally like noisy clubs, but I had a sudden .............to see what the Blue Parrot was like.
A. force B. motive C. pressure D. impulse
4. Jerry loves snowboarding so much that it’s almost like a drug............
A. passion B. obsession C. addiction D. requirement
5. I don't want to do the course in applied statistics, but it's .............
A. compulsory B. inevitable C. bound D. indecisive
6. Don't worry about me - I’m quite.......to sit here and wait for you to come back.
A. ecstatic B. delighted C. joyful D. content
7. When I was pregnant, I often got a sudden .............for tinned sardines.
A. preference B. craving C. envy D. greed
8. Thank you for thinking of us, but I’m afraid we’re going to have to ............ your kind invitation.
A. decline B. deny C. condemn D. reject
9. I've never seen anyone so ............... to their joy as Philip is.
A. eager B. Keen C. dedicated D. interested 10. I wish you would stop wasting so much on your computer games and do something as a little more...........
A. welcome B. enviable C. feasible D. worthwhile
II. 11-20 GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
11. I recommend that Miriam a boarding school. She’d be much more challenged academically.
A. attends B. attend C. is attending D. were attending 12. Ambrose had to take a job at a fast-food restaurant;.... ........he wouldn’t have been able to make his car payment.
A. otherwise B. if so C. had he done so D. were that the case
13. Many educators seem convinced students would respond favorably to a change in the system.
A. what B. the fact that C. that D. whatever 14. ............... students wanted to go right into the workplace after graduation would choose the vocational track.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whomever 15. He ..............us on the last day of the congress so his presence at the opening ceremony was something of a surprise.
A. must have joined B. was to join C. had to join D. should join 16. In fact the criminals................ in because the front door was wide open and so they just walked in. A. needn’t have broken B. didn’t need break C. didn't need to break D. needn't to have broken
17. People whose main concern is .............. may eventually develop some serious health problems.
A. not to be overfed B. not to be overfeeding C. not to overfed D. not overfeeding
18................ of Albania was once forested, but ..............of the original vegetation remains, due to centuries of clearing and livestock grazing.
A. Much - little B. Many- none C. Some - few D. Most - any 19. Most critics agree that rather little ............. done by the artist after his illness has any great value.
A. of what was B. of that was C. of that what was D. which has been 20............... between the two attacks, the commander tried to prevent the enemy troops............... their strength.
A. Without delaying - to gather B. By not delaying - from gathering C. In delaying - for gathering D. Having delayed - without gathering
III. 21-30 PREPOSITIONS - PHRASAL VERBS
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
21 .............being a little messy, she will be a good flatmate for you.
A. Far away B. At length C. Beside D. Apart from 22 ............. working very long hours, John strives to exercise at least trice a week. A. Regardless of B. On behalf of C. Because of D. However 23. There is a rum our............... circulation that the director had a big argument…............ the manager at the last meeting.
A. on - about B. upon - i n C. for - out D. after - off 24. Factories which produce a lot of toxic fumes are contributing ................the destruction................the environment.
A. for- around B. b y-against C. into - upon D. to - of 25. It’s so hot, I could do .................. a nice cool drink. A. up B. with C. out D. without 26. Once we’d spent all our money, we fell ..............our credit card. A. out B. for C. back on D. off 27. I fell ..............one of my friends and haven’t spoken to her for weeks. A. in with B. out with C. through D. behind 2 8 . I can’t get...............to Joan. I think there’s a fault on the line. A. away B. at C. through D. along 29. The record shop has a promotion and is giving .............free CDs. A. away B. off C. in D. out 30. He’s a good speaker and gets his views................ very well. A. over B. across C. on D. through
IV. 31- 40 COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. 31. I haven’t had an accident yet but I’ve had a number of .............shaves. A. narror B. near C. close D. tiny 32. My father refused to eat meat that had been fried. He had............... in his bonnet about it causing cancer. A. a bug B. a bee C. a bull D. an ant 33. You really dropped…………..the other day when you told Brian you’d seen his wife at the cinema. He thought she was at her mother’s. A. a brick B. a stone C. a log D. a plank 34. I can’t stand Mr. Bryant. He’s always blowing his own ... - telling everyone how good he is at everything.
A. balloon B. breath C. mind D. trumpet 35. The escaped prisoner fought................before he was finally overpowered A. head over heels B. tooth and nail
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C. heart and soul D. foot and mouth
36. I didn’t suspect anything at first, but when I noticed her going through the office drawers I began to smell...............
A. a rat B .a pig C. a thief D. culprit
37. Jane looked ................ at the shop assistant who had been rude to her. A. arrows B. needles C. poison D. daggers
38. Peter was born and brought up in Hastings and knows it like the....... A. nose on his face B. tip of his tongue C. back of his hand D. hair on his head
39 I've heard that argument before and quite frankly it just doesn’t .............. A. face the music B. hit the nail on the head C. carry weight D. hold water
40. John will never buy you a drink - he’s far too ................ A. tight-fisted B. pigheaded C. highly-strung D. easy-going
V. 41- 60 READING COMPREH ENSION
41-50 READING 1
Read the passage and choose the best option for each questions below Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanity's unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection; we strive only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts. A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude toward another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States protested the use of driftnets for tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort on behalf of the dolphins, these same environmentalists have done very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks whose population has decreased nearly to the point of extinction. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus performing an important role in nature of weeding out the weaker animals in a species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability to changing environments. It is time for us humans, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are damaging the planet, to cast away our fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as an important part of a program for protection of all our natural environment.
41. With which of the following topics is this passage primarily concerned?
A. Sharks are efficient creatures with bad reputations. B. Sharks are some of the oldest creatures on earth, C. Sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection
D. The campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks.
42. Which of the following is most similar to the meaning of the word "warped" in line 4?
A. distorted B. wasteful C. extravagant D. wanton
43. In line 10, the word "protested" is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. prescribed B. objected to C. protected D. reflected on 44. In line 11, the word "generated" could be best replaced by A. consumed B. absorbed C. designated D. produced 45. How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?
A. They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.
B. They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law.
C. They brought political pressure against tuna companies. D. They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.
46. About how long have sharks lived on the planet? A. 25 million years B. 150 million years C. 350 million years D. 500 million years
47. In lines 19-20, the phrase "managed to live" is used to infer that A. surviving was difficult B. migration was common C. procreation was expanding D. roaming was necessary 48. The word "proof” in line 20 could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. characteristic B. evidence C. praise D. customary 49. What is the author's tone in this passage?
A. explanatory B. accusatory C. gentle D. proud 50. Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
A. order of importance B. cause and effect C. statement and example D. chronological order
51- 60 READING 2
Read the passage below and choose the correct answers
WATER IN DESERT
Desert areas of the world are not completely void of precipitation, but rainfall in these regions is known to vary greatly. Typically, scientists use an annual rainfall amount of four inches as the dividing line between desert and non-desert areas. While these arid regions may receive a similar amount of rainfall each year, how that rainfall affects surface water and groundwater resources is largely dependent upon the area’s topographical characteristics. For example, landforms such as flats and depress ion s common to deserts are known to collect water, but these features constitute only a small percentage of the desert landscape. It is interesting to note that these arid lands in fact contain some of the earth’s largest systems of rivers. In the Cases of these river systems, the sources of the rivers lie outside the arid region -itself, and hence they are known as “exogenous” rivers and systems. These exogenous systems play a critical role in nourishing life in the world's most parched regions. For example, annual flooding of the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers has long supplied residents with water and brought in fertile silt to help agriculture. With the advent of modern technology, however, this flooding is largely managed by human hands, which has required more governmental cooperation among nations in crafting treaties and agreements regulating the use of these river basins.
In addition to human intervention, the flow of exogenous rivers is impacted by the season. Ironically, it sometimes takes a number of months for the effect of a rainy season outside a desert area to be felt within it, so by the time the peak flow finally arrives, it may in fact be the driest time of the year. While this additional water does aid the irrigation for agriculture, weather changes during the dry season like higher temperatures and lower humidity may make the cultivation of some crops even more challenging than it is during the normal growing season.
In contrast to exogenous rivers, those identified as “endogenous” systems begin and end within the arid region. Water in these systems generally comes from groundwater springs, but many of these rivers are fed by water coming from limestone massifs, such as the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Rivers of this variety tend not to reach the sea, but instead end up draining into inland basins, where most of it is simply lost to evaporation or disappears into the ground. Though rivers and lakes are present in desert areas, groundwater makes up a much larger percentage of the total water in these regions. However, only a small portion of these underground deposits ever reach the hydrologic cycle; i.e., it never enters the constant movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth that characterizes most of the planet’s other water resources. ■ A) The groundwater that does enter into this cycle usually does so by feeding the flow of streams or by maintaining water levels in lakes. Water taken in this way from groundwater stores is then refilled by surface flows and rainwater. ■ B) International organizations such as the United Nations and the
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World Bank have both funded efforts to survey existing groundwater in arid lands and to create effective methods to draw usable water from these sources. ■ C) These efforts are particularly necessary due to the lack of clear understanding in these regions about just how much groundwater exists. ■ D) What is known, however, is that these groundwater deposits are very unevenly distributed, and that much of this water can be found deep beneath the earth’s surface. These groundwater deposits are found underground in open spaces between, inside, and among rocks and sediment. These water-laden layers of earth are known as “aquifers.” In general, limestone and sandstone aquifers tend to be deep and large, which contributes to their relatively high concentration of minerals. They are usually not replenished because they became saturated more than 10,000 years ago and do not need to be. These deep aquifers are sometimes called “fossil waters” to denote the fact that this water has been present for so long. On the other hand, shallow aquifers found in sand or gravel are much less extensive, but they can quickly be replenished
51. According to paragraph 1, what do scientists use to determine whether or not an area is labeled a desert?
A. The amount of annual rainfall
B. The lack of groundwater resources
C. Topographical characteristics
D. The absence of flats and depressions in the landscape
52. The word “depressions” in line 7 is closest in meaning to A. rifts B. dunes C. ranges D. basins
53. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Government involvement in the creation of treaties and agreements enhances flood-controlling modern technology of river basins.
B. Technology has allowed for better human management of floods, makingriver basin regulation agreements largely unnecessary.
C. Humans have been able to use technology to control flooding, which hasmade international cooperation on the use of river basins more necessary.
D. More modern technology will lead to better flood management becauseintergovemmental treaties regarding river basins allow for cooperation.
54. in paragraph 3, the author mentions all of the following about the flow of exogenous rivers EXCEPT:
A. The impact of the flow is often felt in the driest seasons. B. The flow can be an aid in the cultivation of crops, C. The effects of the flow are not felt immediately D. The flow is unaffected by the season of the year
55. According to paragraph 4, what distinguishes an endogenous river from an exogenous river?
A. An endogenous river flows into a limestone massif. B. The source of an endogenous river is within the desert region, C. The endogenous river does not reach the sea.
D. Endogenous rivers have a higher saline content than exogenous rivers.
56. The word “stores” in line 39 is closest in meaning to A. locations B. accumulations C. caves D. discoveries
57. Why does the passage mention in paragraph 5 the fact that the exact extent of groundwater, resources is still unknown?
A. To highlight the lack of scientific research being done in desert areas. B. To illustrate the importance of freshwater to the inhabitants of deserts.
C. To explain why the recent actions of the United Nations and others are needed.
D. To show how groundwater can affect the flow of exogenous rivers.
58. The word "replenished" in line 51 is closest in meaning to A. refilled B. rejuvenated C. reinvigorated D. rescinded
59. What can be inferred in paragraph 7 about shallow aquifers?
A. They tend to have less mineral content than deeper ones.
B. They can quickly be replenished because they were saturated as limestone aquifers once were. C. The water from shallow aquifers is unusable because of its proximity to gravel.
D. They are more extensive than limestone aquifers.
60. Look at the four squares [ ■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In fact, these water deposits have recently become the focus of increased attention as a source of freshwater for the inhabitants of desert areas
Where would the sentence best fit?
A B C D
VI. 61-80 GUIDED CLOZE TESTS
Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each space.
PASSAGE 1
Greenhouse gases are being released into the atmosphere 30 times faster than the time when the Earth experienced a (61)............ episode of global warming. A study comparing the rate at which carbon dioxide and methane are being (62)........... now, compared to 55 million years ago when global warming also occurred, has found dramatic differences in the speed of release.
James Zachos, professor of earth sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, said the speed of the present buildup of greenhouse gases is far greater than during the global warming after the (63).. of the dinosaurs. "The emissions that caused this past episode of global warming probably lasted 10,000 years," Professor Zachos told the American Association for the Advancement of Science at a meeting In St. Louis. "By burning fossil fuels, we are likely to emit the same amount over the next three centuries." He warned that studies of global warming events in the geological past (64)........... ". the Earth's climate passes a (65).......... beyond which climate change accelerates with the help of positive feedbacks - vicious circles of warming, professor Zachos is a leading (66)..............on the episode of global warming known as the palaeocene-eocene thermal maximum, when average global temperatures increased by up to 50C due to a massive release of carbon dioxide and methane.
His research into the deep ocean (67)............... suggests at this time that about 4.5 billion tons of carbon entered the atmosphere over 10,000 years. "This will be the same amount of carbon released into the atmosphere from cars and industrial emissions over the next 300 years if present (68)............. continue", he said. Although carbon can be released suddenly and naturally into the atmosphere from volcanic activity, it takes many thousands of years for it to be removed permanently by natural processes. The ocean is capable of removing carbon, and quickly, but this natural (69)................ can be easily (70 )..... which is probably what happened 55 million years ago. “It will take tens of thousands of years before atmospheric carbon dioxide comes down to preindustrial levels," the professor said. "Even after humans stop burning fossil fuels, the effects will be long-lasting 61 .A. prearranged B. premier C. previous D. fundamental 62. A. emitted B. exhaled C. incorporated D. digested 63. A. dementia B. demolition C. detachment D. demise 64. A. comment B. mark C. compliment D. indicate 65. A. Barricade B. verge C. threshold D. perimeter 66. A. autocrat B. authority C. administrator D. proprietor 67. A. dusts B. sediments C. dirt D. powder 68. A. trends B. gadgets C. fads D. crazes 69. A. capacity B. competence C. intelligence D. bulk 70. A. overcharged B. overstated C. overshadowed D. overwhelmed
PASSAGE 2
On a yearly (71)....... , the United States is afflicted by hurricanes on the east coast, flooding in the midwest, forest fires, earthquakes, and any number of tornadoes, blizzards and storms. Historically, the
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weather has (72)..........as harsh a chord in people's lives as any we feel today. Historians list the four major events to wreak devastation on the country as the Chicago fire of 1871, the Johnstown flood of 1889, the Galveston hurricane of 1900, and the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. These disasters provide a(n) (73)...... . of the havoc nature's storms have wrecked on humanity, and our reactions to them. Galveston, Texas, located on the island of Galveston in the gulf of New Mexico, thrives on industry and exports. Its over 30,000 citizens in the early 1900s were generally economically successful and comfortable with (74)...........conditions. Until the ill-fated morning of Sept. 7, 1900, the people of Galveston enioyed their life on the remote island. However, weather watchers had been following a growing storm in the Atlantic for several days and were warning of the impending danger of a hurricane. Unfortunately, people ignored the warnings. A day after the hurricane had hit the island, all that remained of the beautiful city was a mass of crumbled buildings, debris and forlorn, hopeless survivors wandering aimlessly with the stench of rotting flesh all around. It is (75)................ that over 8,000 people and most of the animals died that day, victims of one of the deadliest natural disasters in U.S. history. Chicago's storm of 1871, although (76)........ to the hurricanes of the southeastern coast, was described by poet John Greenleaf Whittier as a 'fiery hurricane' that struck the great city with such (77).............that two days later, half of the city had been destroyed and 300 lives lost. Those relating the events of that catastrophic 'hurricane' say that too little rain and a strong wind blowing off the prairie had been the cause behind ihe destruction of the Windy City. According to (78)...... . however, responsibility was placed on one slovenly cow who kicked over a lantern in her barn somewhere in the southwest corner of Chicago, igniting the dry and highly flammable barn and ultimately bringing destruction to a large part of the city. Two days after the sparks ignited, a steady rain on the burning city put out the flames and within days hope had returned. Signs that the city was beginning to heal became (79)........... everywhere - soon new buildings were (80)................the burned, and the lifeblood of the ravaged city was being.
71. A. foundation B. theory C. basis D. institution
72. A. punched B. struck C. pinched D. played
73. A. scent B. flavour C. recipe D. ingredient
74. A. existing B. remaining C. enduring D. staying 75. A. anticipated B. predicted C. estimated D. forecast
76. A. disconnected B. unaccustomed C. unrelated D. discredited
77. A. stimulus B. force C. charisma D. constraint
78. A. tradition B. culture C. phenomenon D. legend
79. A. concealed B. notorious C. obscure D. evident
80. A. replacing B. rebuilding C. designing D. refurbishing
B. WRITTEN QUESTIONS (70 points)
I. 1-20 OPEN CLOZE TESTS
Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
PASSAGE 1
Most people I know (1) ............. never go to a martial arts movie, even if you paid them, but I defy anyone not to enjoy seventy minutes in the dark with Jackie Chan. For a start, Chan is more interested in apologetically evading the bullies that want to do him in than in violent confrontation. His screen persona is never (2) ............ to bombast. Chan is a likeable, bumbling. Everyman who tries to extricate himself from scrapes with his astounding athletic (3) : as he leaps up the side of a building, you (4) ............ swear he was on wires. With the kind of agility (5)......... limited to monkeys and flies, Chan seems (6).........of scuttering up any surface. But it is extremely (7) ............ for him to go on the offensive. The films of lesser action stars like Jean-Claude Van Damme provide a diet of relentless violence, punctuated (8)......... now and (9) ................. by some semi-moronic ‘witticism’, but Chan's balletic altercations with his enemies are as a (10)..........oriented around the art of comic evasion.
PASSAGE 2
It was last May, while we were taking our annual late spring break on Lindos that we (11)........ our house broken into. All our TV and video equipment got (12)........... but what was worse was when we discovered that the final draft of my husband's latest novel (13)........... been torn into pieces and the disks he had (14)......... writing it on had (15) .......... Of course, you hear about people who have had their properties vandalized and (16)................ whose most prized possession have been (17)............ but it's a terrible shock when it (18)........... to you, when you know that your home has been invaded, and that you have had our (19)......... intimated belongings handled and examined (20).......... strangers.
II. 21- 40 WORD FORM ATION
21- 30 Use a word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space Students learning English as a second language are sometimes given a word by their teacher and asked to give an ( 21).................. (EXPLAIN) as to what that word means; in other words, to provide a (22)……. (DEFINE). The (23) ...................(ASSUME) is that if you know a word, you can define it. (24).... (LOGIC), that might make sense, but in reality it is not always (25).................(REASON) to assume that. There are words and phrases that even native speakers use in conversation without much (26)........... (THINK) which can lead to (27) .................. (CONFUSE) when you ask a native speaker to define them. Take the (28).................. (CONCEIVE) of ‘Zeitgeist’, for example, which has entered English from German. It’s ...............(DOUBT) much easier to use than it is to define. With a word like ‘Zeitgeist', it may be more (30).................(SENSE) to test the student’s understanding in ways other than asking them to define it.
31- 40. W rite a word in the box in the correct form in each gap
columnist critic ghostwriter handbook manifesto novelist Reviewer Subtitle supplement tabloid
FREELANCE WRITING
When you're a freelance writer, there are many varied opportunities open to you. You may be working on that great work of fiction and know that within couple of years you’ll be regarded as a hugely successful (31)........... .. but until then there are bills to be paid. The Sunday color (32)....... are filled with feature articles. They all have to be written, and they often written by freelancers. Offer your services. Know two languages? Consider doing the (33 )......... for foreign films and TV programs. They're usually commissioned on a film-by-film basis. Enjoy politics? Offer to help a political party to produce its next (34)................-for a small fee, of course. Like technology? Someone has to be write the instructions or (35)..............that comes with every piece of equipment we buy. It could be you! Set yourself up as a gossip (36 )............. . film (37 ).............or book (38 )............... for a small local newspaper. Once you ’ve got some pieces behind you, you can move on to a bigger paper, or even a national (39 )................... And when you've made a few contacts and had a few things published, there’s a fair amount of work out there for (40 )................ - people who write celebrities’ autobiographies for them.
III. 41- 50 ERROR CORRECTION
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.
NO CELLPHONE RESTRICTIONS!
It’s seeming that I constantly hear the same thing: "Cell phones are dangerous. We need to severely restrict them. People are dying because of cell phones." Well, I'm thinking cell phones themselves aren't the problem. I'm completely opposed to restrictions on them, and here's why. First, people say cell phones are dangerous to health,
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Line 1 2 3 4 5
so they should be limited.
Supporters of this idea say there are being studies showing that cell phones produce radiation that is harmful to users. I think this is nonsense. There hasn't been any real proof. It sounds just another study that ultimately doesn't mean anything. Second, a lot of teachers are proposing that we not allow cell phones in classes because they're a distraction. 1 feel pretty angrily about this. Here's a good example. Two weeks ago in my history class, one of the students was having her cell phone on because her mother was really sick and might need a ride to the hospital. The student's mother couldn't contact anyone else. In fact, the student's mother did call, and the student found someone to help her mother. What i f her cell phone hadn't been on? The teacher would have felt pretty bad.
Third, people argue that using a cell phone while driving is dangerous. I disagree. It's no more safe than turning on the car radio or eating a sandwich. People do those things when they drive. The law says you must have one hand on the steering wheel. It's possible to use a cell phone correct with one hand. I use my cell phone carefully; I always keep one hand on the wheel. Maybe there should be training in ways to use a cell phone good, but we shouldn't prohibit to use cell phones in cars. This has always been a free country. I hope it stays that way
1…………….. 2…………….. 3……………..
4…………….. 5…………….. 6……………..
7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10…..………..
IV. 51-60 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
I. Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it means the same as the given one.
51. The singer has strongly and publicly opposed the war. The singer has been a............................. of the war.
52. We carried out market research to see whether the public would like our new car. We carried out market research to .......................... to our new car.
53. The rock star made an emotional request for the earthquake victims, which produced a huge response The rock star’s ......................... for help for the earthquake victims produced a huge response
54. The ream will post accounts of their progress on their website every few days. The team will post................................ on their progress on their website.
II. Rewrite the following sentences using the given words.
55. After I had introduced my guests to each other I made a long speech on the current changes in the computer technologies.
Having.......... .....................................................................................................
56. George won't lend his tape recorder to you if you don't promise to bring it back by Saturday.(UNLESS)
57. Jerry had terrible problems with solving the riddle. (HARDLY)
58. Our representatives have been criticizing the new concept. (CRITICAL) ………………………………………………………………………………….
59. It doesn't make any difference if they paint the board white or yellow. (MATTER) ………………………………………………………………………………….
60. Finally, the new prime minister has been appointed. (LAST)
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19
18
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
96 ………………………………………………………………………………….
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40
I. WORD CHOICE (5 pts)
PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. The sky darkened and there was a distant…………. of thunder.
A. clap B. clang C. groan D. flash
2. Vietnam ………….war against French colonial empire has gone down in history as one of the most epic, destroying the harrowing shackles of tyranny after nearly a century.
A. emancipation B. remission C. liberation D. salvation
3. Everyone was shocked to hear that a politician of his …………. would stoop so low.
A. credence B. stature C. guile D. affinity
4. A new treatment …………. , it became less prohibitive and more effective to deal with patients infected with tuberculosis.
A. tainted B. assorted C. repudiated D. effected
5. On 6th August 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, killing thousands of citizens and almost…………. the city.
A. overruling B. annulling C. eradicating D. annihilating
6. His smirk suggested some vicious…………., which terrified everyone at the meeting.
A. subtleties B. allusions C. insinuations D. inertia
7. She was ………….with guilt when she realized that the accident had been her fault.
A. consumed B. ravaged C. devoured D. dazzled 8. That my brother…………. boasts about his achievements is absolutely annoying!
A. inexorably B. incessantly C. intricately D. intrepidly 9. She lifted it over the fence and set off across the little meadow,………….speed and thoroughly enjoying it.
A. gathering B. collecting C. consuming D. firing 10. One of Kim's secretarial works include taking the…………. of the meeting.
A. gist B. crux C. minutes D. fundamentals
II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5 pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. Everything looks very positive for the company,…………. the current investors do not default on their agreements.
A. assuming that B. whether C. whereas D. as if
2. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States…………. A. as Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production. B. rather than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production, C. than did Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production. D. more than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.
3. …………. the invention of the steam engine, most forms of transport were horse-drawn.
A. With reference B. Akin C. Prior to D. In addition to
4. Suppose she …………. that outrageous story circulating around the office; she'd be furious!”
A. has heard B. were heard C. would hear D. had heard
5. I'd rather you………….a noise last night; I couldn’t get to sleep.
A. wouldn’t make B. didn’t make C. haven’t made D. hadn't made
6. A new generation of performers,………….those who by now had become household name, honed their skills before following the same path onto television.
A. no less talented than B. together with talented with
C. along with talented with D. having been more talented than 7. We all wished to be treated………….
A. as equal B. as equally C. as equals D. as equal as 8. ………….the US superiority at that time, it was probable that any threatened US response would have deterred the Soviet Union.
A. If B. Given C. Although D. Since 9. Business has been thriving in the past year. Long…………. it continue to do so. A. could B. does C. may D. might 10. The man ………….of carrying out the burglary was released………….by police. A. to be suspected - following questioning B. having been suspected - following questioned C. suspected - following questioning D. being suspected - following questioned
III. PHRASAL VERB AND PREPOSITIONS (5 pts)
1 .The love of life shone…………. the author’s book, giving me as much inspiration as I could ever ask for.
A. through B. over C. into D. upon 2. You shouldn’t take…………. more than you can handle, otherwise you’ll suffer from stress. A. on B. over C. out D. away 3. He’s so stubborn and stupid. I just couldn’t get…………. him that she can never make money from gambling.
A. over B. out of C. across to D. out of 4. The success of our project hinges …………. Mike’s ability persuade the locals to move to the renewal quarter. A. in B. on C. about D. over 5. The government’s plans to reduce crime came………….for a lot of criticism from freedom groups. A. across B. around C.in D. with 6. Before they open the new factory, a lot of the young people round here were …………. the dole. A. on B. in C. over D. above 7. The two countries met at the conference to iron ………….their differences. A. on B. out C. over D. into 8. He tried to paper…………. the country’s deep-seated problems. A. over B. with C. into D. down 9. Linda chats so much, she could talk the hind leg…………. a donkey. A. up to B. over C. off D. under 10. I'm going to put my head …………. for a while as I feel very tired. A. down B. over C. up D. through
IV. CO LLOCATION AND IDIOMS (5PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. I had to get through a lot of………….tape, but I finally got the documents I needed. A. red B. blue C. link D. yellow
2. The hospital staff pulled out all the…………. to make sure the children had a wonderful day. A. roadblocks B. barricades C. plugs D. stops
3. Neither side is prepared to …………. an inch in the negotiations. A. stir B. budge C. push D. bend
4. Congressman Saunders fired the opening…………. during a heated debate on capital punishment. A. salvo B. barrage C. cannonade D. burst
5. I like the way people here always queue up. Back home we just push and shove, and the devil take
97 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN PHAN NGỌC HIỂN - CÀ MAU
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the…………. !
A. outermost B. foremost C. hindmost D. utmost 6. The manager attached himself to the luncheon club and became a………….fixture there.
A. perennial B. enduring C. stable D. permanent 7. I was so hungry, and that meal was absolutely delicious! It was just what the ………….ordered.
A. scientist B. doctor C. expert D. healer 8. Although the Government has increased allocations to the social sector by as much as 40 per cent, State funding still falls …………. short of needs.
A. well B. totally C. severely D. abjectly 9. Last week's violence was …………. condemned by foreign governments.
A. grimly B. roundly C. roughly D. bitingly 10. She hasn't had an accident yet but she has had a number of………….Shavers.
A. narrow B. near C. close D. tiny
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 pts) PASSAGE A
Question 56 - 65. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
Color in textiles is produced by dyeing, by printing, or by painting. Until the nineteenth century, all dyes were derived from vegetable or, more rarely, animal or mineral sources. Since madder plants could be grown practically everywhere, the roots of some species of the madder plant family were used from the earliest period to produce a whole range of reds. Red animal dyes, derived from certain species of scale insects, were also highly value from ancient times through the Middle Ages. Blues were obtained from woad, a plant common in Europe and also used in the Near East from the beginning of the Christian era Before the first., nonfading “solid” green was invented in early nineteenth century, greens were achieved by the overdyeing or overprinting of yellow and blue. However, yellow dyes, whether from weld or some other plant sources such as saffron or turmeric, invariably fade or disappear. This accounts for the bluish tinge of what were once bright greens in, for example, women tapestry.
The range of natural colors was hugely expanded and, indeed, superseded by the chemical dyes developed during the eighteen hundreds. By 1900, a complete range of synthetic colors had been evolved, many of which reached a standard of resistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that greatly exceeded that of natural dyestuffs. Since then, petroleum industry has added many new chemicals, and from these, other types of dyestuffs have been developed. Much of the research in dyes was stimulated by the peculiarities of some of the new synthetic fibers- Acetate rayon, for example, seemed at first to have no affinity for dyes and a new range of dyes had to be developed; nylon and Terylene presented similar problems.
The printing of textiles has involved a number of distinct methods. With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these are based on dyeing; that is, immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.
1. The passage mainly discusses the………….
A. Development of synthetic colors for textiles during the nineteenth century
B. Advantages of chemical dyes over dyes derived from plants and animals
C. Differences between dyeing textiles and printing items
D. History of the use of natural and chemical dyes to color textiles
2. According to the passage, what was the source of most textile dyes that were used before the nineteenth century?
A. Animals. B. Minerals. C. Plants. D. Chemicals.
3. What was the advantage of using madder plants for different shades of red?
A. It was possible to cultivate madder plants in almost every location.
B. Madder plants produced brighter colors than other plant sources.
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C. Plant sources produced more lasting colors than other plant sources.
D. Dyes derived from the madder plants were easier to work with than other dyes.
4. One disadvantage of green dyes before the nineteenth century was ………….
A. The yellow dyes were expensive B. They lost their original color
C. The blue dyes involved lost their color D. The final color varied
5. The green areas in women tapestries developed a bluish tinge because…………. A. A darker color, like blue, dominates a light color, like yellow B. Light changed some of the green dye used in the tapestries to blue C. The yellow dye that was used in the tapestries had faded D. The dyes used to color woven tapestries were made from minerals
6. Red dyes came mostly from………….
A. animals B. plants and insects C. indigo D. minerals
7. How did chemical dyes compare to natural dyes?
A. The chemical dyes had less attractive colors. B. The chemical dyes were less easy to use. C. The chemical dyes lost their brightness more quickly when exposed to light. D. The chemical dyes held up better after washing.
8. The chemical dyes keep color because they are less prone to…………. A. sunshine B. wind C. restriction D. wear 9. According to the passage, what problem led to the development of the new dyes after 1900?
A. Previously developed dyes did not work on new types of fibers
B. Dyes derived from petroleum caused damage to new synthetic fibers C. New synthetic fibers lost required brighter colors than natural fibers did. D. New fabrics easily lost their colors when washed
10. What does the author mean by “block, roller, or screen” ?
A. To give examples of textile printing techniques that are based on dyeing.
B. To argue that all methods printing patterns onto textiles involve dyeing, C. To emphasize the variety of special tools used the process of dyeing textiles.
D. To give examples of textile printing techniques that do not involve dyeing.
PASSAGE B:
MORE GOOD THAN EVIL?
It is a commonly held belief that today’s teens are in trouble. They spend hours communicating via social network sites instead of socializing in person and send countless text messages that are in a virtually unrecognizable language. In a study analyzing today’s youth in the digital world, renowned scientist, Susan Greenfield, laments: “We are raising a generation of children who are shallow, thrill-seeking and in danger of detaching themselves from reality.” In spite of such pessimistic beliefs, recent research seems to indicate that social network sites may not be as detrimental as some may think.
A crucial point is that we need to maintain a broader perspective. New technologies have always provoked generational panic, which usually has more to do with adult fears than any real harm they may do. In the 1930s, parents worried that radio was taking over the lives of their children. In the 60s, the great danger was the television and then in the 80s, the Sony Walkman was claimed to be turning teens into mindless zombies.
In fact, social scientists who study young people have found that technology and the digital world can essentially benefit today's youth. It seems that if teens use a lot of social media, it has no negative effect on their engaging in face-to-face contact. Actually, the evidence suggests that the most avid texters are also the kids most likely to spend time with friends in person. One form of socializing doesn't replace the other. It augments it. Then, as the young get older and are given more freedom, they often ease up on social
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networking. Early on, the web is their own personal space, but by their late teens, it is replaced as they acquire greater independence.
But isn't all this short-form writing eroding language skills? Studies of first-year college papers from 1917 is show that this is not the case. The rates of gram mar and vocabulary errors by these freshmen in their compositions were the same as in the ones written by their modern counterparts. There is one essential difference, however. Student essays have blossomed in size and complexity. They are now six times longer and offer arguments supported by a wealth of evidence. Why? Because computers have vastly increased the ability of students to gather research, consider different points of view and write more analytically.
If truth be told, the online world also offers kids remarkable opportunities to become literate and creative because young people can now publish ideas not just to their circle of friends, but to the whole world. And it turns out that when they write for strangers, it makes them work harder, push themselves further, and create powerful new communicative forms.
1. What is meant by the phrase virtually unrecognizable in the first paragraph?
A. Teenagers use foreign languages when they speak or write.
B. Teenagers are very creative when they communicate with one another,
C. Teenagers enjoy taking on a different identity when they communicate.
D. The language used in text messages has been greatly altered.
2. Why is Susan Greenfield quoted in the first paragraph?
A. She has teenage children who use computers.
B. She strongly contradicts what society believes.
C. Her research supports that teens are negatively affected by today’s technology.
D. She believes more information is needed to draw conclusions.
3. According to Susan Greenfield, what may be a consequence, of teens using technology?
A. They may become overly cynical about their lives.
B. They may not be connected to what is happening around them,
C. They may not find pleasure in exciting activities.
D. They may not grow up into mature adults.
4. Why does the author use examples from past decades?
A. to prove that technology has always been harmful
B. to argue that new inventions always seem suspicious C. to show that teenagers will never obey their parents
D. to present a trend that is getting more dangerous
5. The author implies that a teen who uses a cell phone frequently is …………
A. less athletic B. a poor student
C. highly introverted D. more sociable
6. The word augments in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to…………
A. substitutes for B. adds to C. explains D. decreases
7. What happens when teenagers get older?
A. They don't need personal space anymore.
B. Their studies become more important to them than their social lives, C. The digital world becomes increasingly important to them.
D. They do not participate in social networks as much.
8. What does the word counterparts in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. compositions B. first-year college students
C. grammar and vocabulary errors D. language skills
9. How does a modern college fresh man’s paper compare to one from 1917?
A. It has almost no linguistic errors.
B. It has the same amount of content.
C. It has a less complicated writing style.
D. It is based on more information.
10. What is the author’s view of social networks?
A. Their access must be strictly controlled by parents.
B. They play a positive role in young people’s lives.
C. They are detrimental to young people's relationships.
D. They have evolved faster than most people realize.
VI. GUIDED CLOZED TEST(1 OPTS) PASSAGE 1
Read the passage carefully and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that best fits each space
It only requires the completion of the reconstruction of the human genetic map for a whole host of hereditary disease to be …………(1). Originally, it was forecast that the venture would take until the beginning of the 21st century to be ………… (2). At present, it is clear that the task can be finished much earlier. Hundreds of scholars have gone to ………… (3) to help unravel the mystery of the human genetic structure with an ardent hope for ………… (4) mankind from disorders such as cancer, cystic fibrosis or arthritis.
The progress in this incredible undertaking is conditioned by an accurate interpretation of the information contained in the chromosomes forming the trillions of the cells in the human body. Locating and characterizing every single gene may …… (5) implausible an assignment, but very considerable ………… (6) has already been made. What will you know my now is that the hereditary code is assembled in DNA, some of which may be diseased and ………… (7) to the uncontrollable transmission of the damaged code from parents to their children? Whereas work at the completion of the human genome may last for a few years more, notions like gene therapy or genetic engineering don't………… (8) much surprise any longer. Their potential application has already been………… (9) in the effective struggle against many viruses or in the genetic treatment of blood disorders. The hopes are, then, that hundreds of maladies that humanity is ………… (10) with at the present might eventually cease to exist in the not too distant future.
1. A. terminated. B. interfered C. eradicated D. disrupted 2. A. accomplished B. discharged C. dismantled D. exterminated 3. A. maximum B. utmost C. supreme D. extremes 4. A. liberating B. surviving C. insulating D. averting 5. A. sound B. hear C. voice D. perceive 6. A. headline B. heading C. headway D. headship 7. A. amiable B. conceivable C. evocative D. conducive 8. A. evoke B. institute C. discharge D. encourage 9. A. examined B. inquired C. accounted D. corroborated 10. A. aggravated B. teased C. persecuted D. plagued
Passage 2
Very few of us would admit putting much trust in horoscopes and the fact that the movements of astronomical bodies …………(1) to earthly occurrences affecting peoples' everyday lives. We all know about the zodiac signs which reflect the position of the sun, the moon and the planets at the moment of a man's birth and about the peculiar characteristics………… (2) to them by astrologers. We say we will take these phenomena with a pinch of salt while we keep………… (3) our eyes over them in every tabloid we lay our hands on. Most frequently, we expect horoscopes to predict the future, to …………(4) our optimistic mood with a piece of comforting information or to ………… (5) our ego by confirming the superlative features that we tend to attribute to our zodiacs.
However, there's no scientific evidence to …………(6) the assumption that human existence is so closely………… (7) with the parameters of the celestial bodies. Our curiosity in horoscopes may, then ,…………(8) our sheer fascination with the unexplained or the unpredictable as well as in the enticing
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insight into the future that the horoscopes offer, thus establishing the sense of our ………… (9) an extreme power over our own lives. An additional explanation is that humans tend to have a soft ………… (10) for any form of flattery, which is the fact to which astrologers and the horoscope writers seem to attach the greatest deal of weight.
1. A. rely B. correspond C. match D. compare
2. A. identified B. associated C. incorporated D. ascribed
3. A. running B. sending C. fixing D. putting
4. A. restore B. adjust C. upgrade D. reassure
5. A. boost B. escalate C. revitalize D. improve
6. A. conclude B. concede C. corroborate D. confound
7. A. fused B. adhered C. coalesced D. intertwined
8. A. stem B. crop C. rear D. dawn
9. A. disposing B. wielding C. effecting D. committing 10. A. pit B. dot C. spot D. nick
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 pts)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20
pts)
Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
PASSAGE A
INDOOR AIR POLUTION
The citizens (0)....of...our major European countries think the (1).................of climate change such as severe floods and storms are already affecting them, according to a major new polling study. The research dispels the idea that global warming is widely seen as a future problem, and also shows strong support for action to tackle global warming, (2) ........................ subsidies for clean energy and big financial penalties for nations that refuse to be part of the international climate deal signed in Paris in 2015 - (3 )............... US president Donald Trump has threatened. There was also strong support for giving financial (4) .................. to developing nations to cope with the impacts of climate change. Renewable energy was viewed very positively in all nations, but fracking had little support, with just 20% of people seeing it positively in the UK, 15% in Germany and 9% in France. Nuclear power was also unpopular: only 23% of those in France, (5).......................... it supplies the vast majority of electricity, have a favourable opinion. Overwhelming majorities of people in the UK, Germany, France and Norway said climate change was at (6)..................... partly caused by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels. But only a third thought the vast majority of scientists agreed with this, despite about 97% of climate scientists doing so. “It is encouraging to see that most people in this very large study recognise that climate change is happening, and that support for the need to tackle it remains high (7) ..................... the people we surveyed,” said Prof Nick Pidgeon at Cardiff University, who led the international project. He said the firm backing of the public could be important in the light of Trump’s opposition to climate action: “(8 )..................... the recently shifting political mood in some countries, climate policy is now entering a critical phase. It is therefore even (9 )................important that the public’s clear support for the Paris agreement is carried (10)....................by policymakers Europe and worldwide.”
PASSAGE B
THE TRIUNE BRAIN
The first of our three brains to evolve is what scientists call the reptilian cortex. This brain sustains the elementary activities of animal (1).............such as respiration, adequate rest and a beating heart. We are not (2).................. to consciously “think” about these activities. The reptilian cortex also houses the “startle centre”, a mechanism that facilitates swift (3).............. to unexpected occurrences in our surroundings. That panicked lurch you experience when a door slams shut somewhere in the house, or the heightened awareness you feel when a twig cracks in a nearby bush while out on an evening stroll are both examples
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of the reptilian cortex at work. When it comes to our interaction with others, the reptilian brain offers up only the most basic impulses: aggression, mating, and territorial defence. There is no great difference, in this (4)........... .between a crocodile defending its spot along the river and a turf war between two urban gangs. (5)........... the lizard may stake a claim to its habitat, it exerts total indifference toward the wellbeing of its young. Listen to the anguished squeal of a dolphin separated from its pod or witness the sight of elephants mourning their dead, however, and it is clear that a new development is at play. Scientists have identified this as the limbic cortex. Unique (6 )........ mammals, the limbic cortex impels creatures to nurture their offspring by (7) ...........feelings of tenderness and warmth to the parent when children are nearby. These same sensations also cause mammals to develop various types of social relations and (8)................ networks. When we are with others of “our kind” - be it at soccer practice, church, school or a nightclub - we (9) .................. positive sensations of togetherness, solidarity and comfort. If we spend too long away from these networks, then loneliness (10)............. in and encourages us to seek companionship.
II. WORD FORM ATION (20 pts)
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. I'm not against……….. , but obviously we all want to avoid animals suffering unnecessarily. (SECTION)
2. The administration announced that the U.S. would no longer produce ……….. landmines or acquire new ones, including replacing expiring munitions in its stockpile. (PERSON)
3. And lastly, it provided the authorities with an opportunity to dispose of troublesome true believers or neighborhood……….. (CONTENT)
4. She hopes to ……….. her success as a model into an acting career. (LAY)
5. Mohammed Zardah, 26, a slim ,……….. man with an academic mien, studied computer engineering in Damascus, he says. (SPECTACLE)
6. Hunger and a ……….. meal did not sit happily side by side. (SLAP)
7. The machine must be ……….. , executing as fast as a mower is able to cut. (EXPEDITE)
8. ………..are medicines that lower the chance of blood clotting. (COAGULATE)
9. With the great achievement of U-23 Vietnam team, many international newspapers wrote……….. praising our heroes. (COME)
10. In the countryside, farmers try to ……….. their land with a view to keeping out their neighbours' cattle. (MARKER)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box
produce utile replace infect depend luminaire extract temporate orient respect
The natural uses of bioluminescence vary widely, and organisms have learnt to be very creative with its use. Fireflies employ bioluminescence primarily for (1) ................... means - their flashing patterns advertise a firefly's readiness to breed. Some fish use it as a handy spotlight to help them locate prey. Others use it as a lure; the anglerfish, for example, dangles a (2) ................... flare that draws in gullible, small er fishes which get snapped up by the anglerfish in an automated reflex. Sometimes, bioluminescence is used to resist predators. Vampire squids eject a thick cloud of glowing liquid from the tip of its arms when threatened, which can be (3) ..................Other species use a single, bright flash to (4) ................ blind their attacker, with an effect similar to that of an oncoming car which has not dipped its headlights. Humans have captured and (5) ............. bioluminescence by developing, over the last decade, a technology known as Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI). BLI involves the of a DNA protein from a bioluminescent organism, and then the integration of this protein into a laboratory animal through transgeneticism. Researchers have been able to use luminised pathogens and cancer cell lines to track the (6) ........... spread of (7).............. and cancers. Through BLI, cancers and infections can be observed
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without intervening in a way that affects their (8) ................ development. In other words, while an ultrasensitive camera and bioluminescent proteins add a visual element, they do not disrupt or mutate the natural processes. As a result, when testing drugs and treatments, researchers are permitted a single perspective of a therapy's progression.
Once scientists learn how to engineer bioluminescence and keep it stable in large quantities, a number of other human uses for it will become available. Glowing trees have been proposed as (9) .............. for electric lighting along busy roads, for example, which would reduce our dependence on (10)............ energy sources.
III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts)
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them
1 5 10 15 20
It is not easy to have a rational discussion with people about the nature of their language. They feel that the language belongs to them, and they are entitled to hold cut and dry opinions about it. And when opinions differ, emotions run high. Arguments can easily stem from minor points of usage as from major education policies. In English, the origin of many popular misconceptions lies in the work of the linguists of the eighteenth century who first attempted to codify the English grammar. Unfortunately, they worked under the premise that English grammar is derived from Latin grammar and that the rules of the latter are to determine the former. It was this fundamentally misunderstanding that resulted in the absurd but time-honored 'neverend-a-sentence-with-a-preposition' type of rule that many people still cling to. These days, many people complain that the Internet is the source of much unforgivable distortion of English, and such the ease and speed of email communication engenders a lazy approach to writing. This is possibly a short-sighted view: perhaps we should be more broad-minded and view such changes as potential enrichment other than corruption of the language. Perhaps those who argue it is only the latter are guilty of stick-in-the-sand mentality which is often not confined to their own language, The American linguist Leonard Bloomfield tells the story o f a doctor who was so firm in his view that the American language Chippewa had only few hundred words. When Bloomfield tried to dispute the point, the doctor had no thoughts of losing down. He turned away and refused to listen.
4. Yolanda’s family persuaded her to enter the competition. → Yolanda was talked..................................................................... the competition by her family. 5. So many people were really delighted when the government lost the election. (JUBILATION)
6. The board had a secret meeting in order to discuss changes in company policy. (DOORS) . → 7. Peter was in trouble with his boss because he didn’t finish an important project by the deadline. (HOT) → 8. She told everyone that she had been fired by the company. (SACK) → She let........................................... 9. Should there be a problem, contact us at all costs. (LINE) → In the ............................................................................................................................... 10. Although the manager is sluggish, he is a smooth speaker. (GIFT) → Sluggish .............................................................................................................................
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20PTS)
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original one, using the word given. 1. Going to and fro with all the cases is what I can’t stand about holidays. → It’s all…………………………………………………………………………………. 2. The village shop is now being managed by a national supermarket chain. → A national supermarket chain has taken……………………………… 3. This door is an emergency exit and must never be locked for any reason. → On ...............................................................be locked because it is an emergency exit.
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1…………….. 2…………….. 3…………….. 4…………….. 5…………….. 6…………….. 7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10…..………..
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→
A. M ULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
I. WORD CHOICE
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. (5 pts)
1. He was absolutely…………with anger when he found that I had scratched his car.
A. burned B. carmine C. fickle D. livid
2. He glanced at Juliet accusingly and she looked…… abashed.
A. suitably B. completely C. utterly D. absolutely
3. Everyone was there………… Linda. She was too sick to come.
A. save B. take C. make D. have
4. She did six hours’…………studying a day for her exam.
A. solid B. heavy C. strong D. big
5. Are you having a ………… exam before you sit the actual exam in June?
A. fake B. mock C. false D. dress
6 .I was kept awake for most of the night by the …………of a mosquito in my ear.
A. whine B. moan C. groan D. screech
7. He decided to withdraw from the powerboat race as he had a(n)…………of danger.
A. interim B. foreboding C. dearth D. prediction
8. It was difficult for the lecturer to ………… his voice to the back of the hall.
A. shout B. raise C. project D. deliver
9. Many children who get into trouble in their early teens go on to become…………offenders.
A. consistent B. insistent C. persistent D. resistent
10. He would never………… his pride and say that he was sorry.
A. taste B. swallow C. sip D. crunch
II. GRAMMAR & STRUCTURES
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. (5 pts)
1. “It is raining outside" - “…………”
A. So is it B. So it is C. So it does D. Is it so?
2. They must have gone away,………… A. shouldn't they B. haven’t they C. mustn't they D. didn't they 3.…………the meeting began.
A. After we have sat down B. All of us having taken the seats C. Our having seated D. Once we had seated 4.…………with being so busy at work and at home, she became increasingly tired and bad-tempered.
A. How B. What C. Which D. Where
5. The police took him into custody.…………he disembarked from the plane. A. as long as B. while C. the moment when D. the instant
6. .………… earning all that money if you don't have time to enjoy it?
A. Is it to the good B. What's the good of?
C. Is it all to the good D. Is it for good?
7. “Was that the new schoolmaster who walked by?” - “………….. ”
A. It must be that B. It must have been C. He must be D. This must have been
8. It is urgent that the boss…………..a meeting to discuss the problem. A. called B. call C. to call D. calls 9. It was at the press conference…………..the truth about his corporation. A. did the director tell B. the director did tell C. where the director told D. that the director told
10. “I think we ought to see the rest of the exhibition as quickly as we can,…………... that it closes in half an hour.”
A. granted B. assuming C. given D. knowing
III. PREPOSITIONS & PHRASAL VERBS
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. (5 pts)
1. Doctors are often…………..to accidents in rural areas. A. called up B. driven out C. called out D. rung up 2. If you never put oil in your engine, one day it will …………... A. flake out B. shut down C. go off D. seize up 3. To get his proposal accepted, the Finance Manager had to ………….. heavy pressure from colleagues. A. fend off B. laugh off C. send off D. push off 4. The new regime determined to …………..compulsory military service. A. stop of B. end up C. phase out D. break off 5. After a fall in profits, the company decided…………..the hotel business. A. to pull out of B. to back off from C. to take out of D. to keep away from 6. She’s rung ………….. I must have said something to upset her. A. up B. round C. back D. off 7. Our class monitor had a brilliant speech yesterday although he spoke…………..the cuff then A. about B. with C. off D. on 8. Cali gambled away all his father’s legacy and finally he …………..his family………….. misery. A. put/ in B. threw /in to C. made / in D. led / to 9. The younger sons consider themselves to have been robbed ………….. their rightful inheritance. A. by B. with C. around D. o f 10. He's sometimes bad tempered but he’s a good fellow………….. heart. A. by B. at C. with D. in
IV. COLLOCATIONS & IDIOMS
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. (5 pts)
1. I don't trust him and it really goes against the………….. to give him the money. A. cloak B. grain C. rice D. grapevine 2. Did you see Jonathan this morning? He looked like………….It must have been quite a party last night. A. a wet blanket B. a dead duck C. death warmed up D. a bear with a sore head
3. In spite of working their fingers to the …………., all the staff were made redundant. A. nail B. edge C. flesh D. bone 4. The general was convinced that if his army could make the first………….strike, they would be able to win the battle.
A. enigmatic B. pre-emptive C. showdown D. rudimentary
5. Royce is unlikely to …………. any surprises.
A. springs B. leaps C. sources D. traces
6. Judging from the noise it is making, the washing machine is on its last………….
A. grasp B. legs C. resort D. breath
7. As a poet, I think she …………. comparison with the greatest this century.
A. makes B. stands C. leads D. matches
8. It’s time we had a…………. talk with each other in an effort to clear the air.
A. heart to heart B. eye to eye C. face to face D. cheek to cheek
9. I don't know what our guests will be wanting to do this weekend. We'll have to ………….. A. play it by ear B. bend our ears about it
107 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN THĂNG LONG - ĐÀ LẠT - LÂM ĐỒNG
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C. be our on our ear D. turn a deaf ear to it
10. Oil spills will…………. even the healthiest of marine ecosystem. A. play havoc on B. break ground with C. pay the consequences for D. take their toll on
V. READING COMPREH ENSION READING 1
You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family, and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade, and a subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse-drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device, and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish’s central religious concept of Demut, 'humility ', clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures, and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identiy. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order.
By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal, and a pronounced division of labor exists, leading to the establishment of many specialized professions. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, ‘popular’ may be viewed as clealy different from ‘folk’. The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations, Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Two decades in modern society.
B. The characteristics of ‘folk’ and ‘popular’ societies.
C. The influence of industrial technology.
D. The specialization of labor in Canada and the United States.
2. The word ‘homogeneous ’ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A. uniform B. general C. primitive D. traditional
3. Which of the following is typical of folk cultures?
A. There is a money-based economy.
B. Contact with other cultures is encouraged.
C. Social change occurs slowly.
D. Each person develops one specialized skill.
4. What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?
A. They value folk cultures. B. They have no social classes,
C. They have popular cultures. D. They do not value individualism.
5. The phrase ‘largely renounces’ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ..............
A. loudly declares B. greatly modifies
C. generally rejects D. often criticizes
6. What is the main source of order in Amish society?
A. The religion B. The economy C. The clan structure D. The government
7. Which of the following statements about Amish beliefs does the passage support?
A. A variery of religious practices is tolerated.
B. Individualism and competition are important. C. Premodern technology is preferred. D. People are defined according to their class.
8. Which of the following would probably NOT be found in a folk culture?
A. A carpenter B. A farmer C. A banker D. A weaver 9. The word ‘prevails’ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A. develops B. provides C. dominates D. invests
10. Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why folk-made objects are replaced by massproduced objects?
A. quality B. prestige C. cost D. convenience
READING 2
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions
MORAL BEHAVIOR
The dictionary defines morality as “being in accord with standards of right or good conduct.” The argument over whether our moral behavior is innate of whether it is developed by our environment and culture has been raging for ages. Many people feel morality is based on reason, while others feel it comes from religion or one’s own spirituality. Biologists believe that humans’ tendency to obey the Golden Rule“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”- is a product of evolution.
■ A) At first, moral behavior seems to oppose the rules of Charles Darwin's theory of survival of the fittest and natural selection. ■ B) However, researchers in the field of biology feel that as animals evolved to live in groups, the propensity to look only after the group’s success as a w hole, every member had to look only after one's own needs had to fade in order for a group mentality to emerge. ■ C) To ensure the group’s success as a whole, every member had to look out for the interests of the majority, a concept known as utilitarianism . ■ D) This is a system of beliefs based on what does the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
A researcher named Jonathon Haidt at the University of Virginia believes that morality is driven by two separate mindsets-one ancient and one modern. Dr. Haidt declares that the human mind is unaware of the distinction between the two. The ancient mental system is based on the emotion behind moral behaviors, which is a type of intuitive sense of what is right and wrong that evolved before language developed. These are the “gut reactions” people experience in tough situations that call for quick action. The more modern system of thought came with the development of language, as people became able to express verbally why something was right or wrong. The two work together when we are put in morally compromising situations. When confronted with a moral dilemma, one’s intuition immediately decides what is right or wrong. Rational thought and judgment about the morality of an issue follow the decision that one’s emotional reaction already made.
Dr. Haidt identified five areas of moral conduct that are common in most countries and systems throughout the world, and he describes these as the foundation for all moral behavior. These moral components conceptualize how people treat others and what is important in being part of a group. Regardless of their background, religion, socioeconomic status, or educational level, Dr. Haidt found that the majority of people hold to these moral concepts. The first moral concept is the prevention of harm Generally, people believe that it is wrong to harm another human being or animal for cruel and needless reasons. The second moral concept is fairness, which holds that all people should be treated fairly. For instance, people should treat the poor in the same manner as the wealthy, and the weak the same as the
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strong. The third moral concept is loyalty to one’s group. This entails a strong devotion to the values of the group as a whole. People with strong loyalties believe that adherence to the laws of society is important because it upholds the integrity of that society. The idea of loyalty is closely interwoven with the fourth moral foundation: respect for authority. People who value authority believe in the strength of a governing body and a strong hierarchy with established roles and rules. The fifth concept involves upholding high standards of purity. This deals with the way that members of a group view their bodies. The idea of purity comes into play in the standards of cleanliness in society. Daily hygiene routines, eating food that has not been contaminated in some way, and burial rules and rituals fall into this category.
Dr. Haidt's research concludes that these moral concepts are inherent in our physical makeup and are learned behaviors, reinforced by our environments from a very early age. The five moral foundations are interpreted differently from society to society, and people rate them differently in order of importance. While morality may take different forms across the many different cultures of the world, it remains true that the basic task of morality, restraining selfishness, is a part of all humanity's moral behavior.
1. Why does the author mention the Golden Rule in paragraph 1?
A. To contrast moral behavior with immoral behavior
B. To prove that people generally know right from wrong
C. To suggest that evolution shaped morality
D. To define the idea of moral behavior
2. Look at the four squares (■) that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. In other words, evolution appears to favour individuals who have learned how to get what they need in order to survive
Where would the sentence best fit?
A. 1st square B. 2nd square C. 3rd square D. 4th square
3. According to the passage, morality developed because………….
A. people learned to communicate using spoken language
B. people had to learn to survive in groups
C. people were born with the ability to know right and wrong
D. people learned moral behavior from their ancestors
4. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence. Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The earlier mindset based morality on an inborn, emotional understanding of what is proper and acceptable.
B. Old-fashioned ways of thinking based goodness on the way a person felt about a situation.
C. Theories about ancient attitudes claimed language was not necessary to determine moral behavior.
D. Emotions governed the morality of people in ancient times before they developed a way to communicate.
5. Which of the following is NOT correct about the five moral concepts?
A. They typically develop in sequential order.
B. They serve as the core of all moral behaviors.
C. They vary in importance from country to country.
D. They explain the various ideas that drive moral behavior,
6. Which of the following can be inferred about Dr. Haidt’s five areas of moral conduct?
A. They are disputed in various cultures.
B. Aspects of them appear in the laws of many countries.
C. Many leaders would likely disagree with their loyalty principles.
D. They are based on innate human tendencies.
7. What can be inferred about humanity as a whole based on Dr. Haidt’s moral concepts?
A. Morality is a universal characteristic that applies to the whole world.
B. The natural world plays a major role in the development of morality.
C. Morality is an instinctive characteristic that humans have from birth.
D. People from different cultures will not value the same principles.
8. According to the passage, morality…………. A. conflicts with Darwin’s theory of natural selection B. goes against the dominant authority C . seeks to restrict human selfishness D. includes generosity as an important moral
9. The word entails in the passage is closest in meaning to…………. A. follows B. produces C . causes D. involves 10. The word This in paragraph 4 refers to………….. A. a strong hierarchy B. the fifth concept C. a governing body D. upholding high standards
VI. CLOZ E TESTS
Choose the words or phrases that best fit the blanks to make a complete passage CLOZE TEST 1
There’s extensive historical evidence that our ancestors may have witnessed a massive invasion of Unidentified Flying Objects (1)………….on their territories. These extraterrestrials are (2)…………. to have come into (3)………….with the ancient earthly populations and helped them erect numerous magnificient structures or even establish glamorous empires.
However, the present-day fascination with UFO was only (4)…………. By the first widely (5)………….American sighting in Idaho in 1947. Since that time, other countless close encounters have been reported both by highly credible witnesses such as top-class pilots and less credible ones such as ordinary civilians. Thousands of people around the world maintain having come close to the visitors from outer space or to have been (6)…………. for a scientific study inside their flying saucers.
Although most of these accounts have been (7)………….as fantasy or hallucinations, there’s mounting criticism from the public and media for ignoring the subject for too long. To many people, rejecting even the most inexplicable sightings or UFO encounters as luminous artificial objects, natural phenomena like auroras or even as meteorological baloons and satellites seems to be an irresponsible (8)…………. Most of us would prefer to believe that these extraterrestrial guests are arriving from some remote galaxies to establish a peaceful relationship and possibly give us a fair warning against the consequences of our wasteful lifestyles. Yet, there’s another theory (9)…………. that the visitors’ attitude towards mankind isn’t so conciliatory and that their sole aim might be the unscrupulous annihilation of the terrestrial populations. Doubtless, flying saucers still continue to be observed in many places of the world (10)… the imagination of UFO maniacs. But, a large percentage of such sightings will remain beyond explanation until more convincing evidence is supplied by the true experts.
1. A. surpassing B. approximating C. transgressing D. encroaching 2. A. reasoned B. alleged C. denoted D. inferred 3. A. touch B. grip C. face D. sight 4. A. discharged B. instigated C. constituted D. devised 5. A. proclaimed B. notified C. communicated D. conveyed 6. A. abolished B. abducted C .absconded D. abbreviated 7. A. speculated B. disposed C. repelled D. dismissed 8. A. approach B. bias C. encounter D. manner 9. A. consisting B. specifying C. meaning D. implying 10. A. startling B. triggering C. sparking D. arising
CLOZE TEST 2
Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as ‘Dr. Seuss’, began writing for children (1.) …………. by chance. During a long sea voyage in 1936, Seuss amused himself by (2.)…………. together a nonsense poem to the rhythm of the ship's engine. Later he illustrated the rhyme and published it as And to think that
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I saw it on Mulberry Street. Many critics (3 .)………….it as Seuss’ best work. A later book, McElligot’s Pool, (4.) …………. the first appearance of Seuss' famous fantasy characters, and Horton Hatches the Egg introduces an (5.)………….of morality. Seuss’ reputation as a major children’s writer was sealed with the publication of The Cat in the Hat. This book uses easy-to-read words to tell the story of two children alone at home on a rainy day. A cat wearing a tall hat arrives to entertain them, wrecking their house in the (6.) ………….. The enthusiastic (7.) ………….of this book delighted Seuss and led him to found Beginner Books, a publishing company specializing in easy-to-read books for children. Some of his books have been made into cartoons and one of them, How the Grinch stole Christmas, was also made into an ingenious and (8.)………….successful feature film starring Jim Carrey.
At one point in his career, Seuss (9.)………….gave up writing for children and (10.)…………. his talents to making documentary films. One of these attracted a great deal of attention and won an Academy Award.
1. A. fully B. quite C. extremely D. fairly
2. A. placing B. laying C. putting D. setting
3. A. look beyond B. look upon C. look through D. look towards
4. A. indicates B. shows C. means D. marks
5. A. amount B. ingredient C. element D. item
6. A. practice B. method C. process D. action
7. A. reception B. welcome C. greeting D. admission
8. A. highly B. intensively C. strongly D. widely 9. A. shortly B. momentarily C. temporarily D. presently 10. A. assigned B. allocated C. donated D. devoted
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZ E T EST
Fill in each blank with ONE word to make a complete passage TEST 1
THE KARAOKE CULTURE
We live in a culture that values participation over ability: the karaoke culture. In broadcasting, it seems we cannot escape the vogue for ‘ access TV ’, ‘people shows’ and ‘video diaries’. (1) …………. is our apparent obsession with documenting our own lives (2)…………. in the future, programmes will be replaced by cameras in every room so that we can watch (3)…………. Endlessly on TV. In the countless shows that fill our daytime schedules, (4)…………. audience has become the star. The (5)…………. with this ‘ inclusive’ culture is that it knows (6)…………. bounds. The public make programmes, the public participate in programmes, the public become performers. Anybody (7)…………. do it! But there is a world of (8)………….enjoying something and joining in. if we all join in, (9)…………. is the point of artists or experts? If everything is accessible, (10)………….can be no mystery, no mystique.
TEST 2
QUEST – THE NEXT BIG THING?
How often do you go along to a gig and see (1)………….new? Well, Quest's Friday night gig at the City Hall certainly caught my (2)………….. Having heard one or two tracks online, I was (3)…………. a group of about six musicians. Imagine my surprise when just three young men walked on stage. It was clear that the band already have a small but (4)………….following. A group of fans in front of the small stage were singing (5)…………. to at least half of the songs. And it was easy to see why. Quest have a clever combination of catchy (6)…………., an irresistible beat, and very much their own sound. All three of the band members play with great energy and expertise (7)…………. their age.
The only downside was when it came to the encores. They (8)………….up repeating some of their material and giving us cover (9)…………. of early rock classics. A bit disappointing, but give them time and I'm sure they'll be writing a lot more.
I'm sure we'll be hearing a lot more from Quest. Check them out every Friday at the City Hall until the end of the month. It's well (10)…………. it.
II. WORD FORMS
A. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given word
1. Do you know that exceptionally successful entrepreneurs, such as Richard Branson, used to be academically………….by their peers when they were at school? (SHINE)
2. Efforts have been made to recover disaster-stricken and …………. areas of the country, hope fading day by day. (WAR)
3. I think saying that all black people are lazy is a very …………. remark, to be honest (RACE)
4. In some countries, women can sue their husband for having ………….affairs and opt for one-sided divorce. (MARRY)
5. New full-time students from lower income households will be able to apply for a(n)…………. maintenance grant offered by the government, but have to work in public sectors after they graduate. (PAY)
6. I don’t think their marriage will last long. They’re………….quarrelling. (CONTINUE)
7. Six-core processor is one of the most…………. technologies yet invented to revolutionise the way computers work. (CUT)
8. It’s ………….when people won’t believe things that they are obviously true. (FURY)
9. Globalization is the ongoing process that deepens and broadens the relationship and…………. among countries. (DEPEND)
10. The board of directors pour scorn on the ………….’ dereliction of duties, causing the company to suffer catastrophic quarterly losses. (SEE)
B. Fill in each blank with the correct form of one suitable word from the list given
colony advantage access evolve settle establish plant sufficient wild isolate
The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow (1)…………. of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as (2)…………. communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.
In the early (3)…………. days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and the Middle Atlantic states in the USA and in the lower Saint Lawrence and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported.
Merchandising (4)…………. were, accordingly, (5)………….located in port cities which goods could be readily distributed to interior (6)………….. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and, other cities flourished, and as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.
This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as (7)………, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local (8)………….and the 150economic (9)…………. of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf (10) …………. to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water highway
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
There are 10 mistakes in this passage. Underline and correct them
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First comes the PC, then the internet and e-mail; now the e-book is upon us, a hand-held device similarly in size and appearance to a video cassette. The user simply rings up the website on their PC, selects the desired books, downloads them onto their e-book machine and sits down to read them. In turn a page, the user simply taps the screen. E-book technology is evolving rapidly, and with some of the latest handholds you will even get internet access. But why would one want an e-book machine with preference to a book? Well, one selling point companies emphasized, when these devices hit the market a few years ago, which is the space they save when going on holiday. E-books enlighten the load, literally. Ten large novels can be put onto a device that weighs less than the average paperback. One can understand why commercial interests seem to want us to change. After all, the whole production process at first plan by author until delivery to the printer has been doing electronically for a while now, so why not save a few million trees and cut out the hard copy?
1 ……………… 2 ……………… 3 ………………
4 ……………… 5 ……………… 6 ………………
7 ……………… 8 ……………… 9 ……………… 10………………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite each of the sentences with the given word or the given beginning so that the new sentence has the same meaning as the previous one
1. Pop stars are corrupted by the adulation of their fans. It's the way ......................................
2. What I understand from her words is that it seems neither Cole nor Ledley King will be going to Japan. Reading ...............................................................................................................
3. The crash victim was beyond help when emergency services reach her. WHATSOEVER There........................................................................ do on reaching the crash victim.
4. The staff hated Frank’s new policies intensely and so went on strike. So..... .. .. . ....... ................ ................................................... ..............................
5. The fourth time he asked her to marry him, she accepted. Only on ...........................................
6. He worked very hard but he was unable to earn enough for his living. ENDS Hard-working ……….................................................................................................................
7. Competition is fierce, but Frozen is a firm favourite to win the award for Best Animation of the year. LOOKS In the ............................................
8. Her latest novel isn't as good as her previous one. PAR Her latest novel ...................................................................................................
9. She was very angry when her son made changes to her computer without her permission. TAMPERING Her son ............................................................................................................... stack.
10. She herself admitted to being rather selfish On ................................................................ ,................ ......................................
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN TIỀN GIANG – TI
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. WORD CHOICE
1. The hotel room was…………..furnished with only a bed, a wardrobe and an ancient armchair. A. thinly B. sparsely C. lightly D. sketchily
2. The main disadvantage to our house is that the only…………..to the garden is through a bedroom. A. passage B. doorway C. access D. communication
3. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to…………..the problem. A. pinpoint B. focus C. specify D. highlight 4. Our hosts had prepared a………….. meal with seven courses to celebrate our arrival. A. generous B. profuse C. lavish D. spendthrift
5. Don't thank me for helping in the garden. It was…………..pleasure to be working out of doors. A. plain B. mere C. simple D. sheer 6. She had………….. mind which kept her alert and well-informed even in old age. A. an examining B. a demanding C. an enquiring D. a querying 7. The police decided to………….. the department store after they had received a bomb warning. A. abandon B. evacuate C. evict D. expel 8. The company was declared bankrupt when it had…………..more debts than it could hope to repay. A. inflicted B. incurred C. entailed D. evolved 9. After months of bitter arguing the couple had to accept that they were…………... A. incongruous B. incompatible C. dissident D. disaffected 10. The BBC has………….. a young composer to write a piece of music for the Corporation's centenary. A. ordered B. consulted C. commissioned D. decided
II. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR
1. You...............wonderful! Is that a new perfume you're wearing? A. are smelling B. smell C. will smell D. have been smelling 2. It gets on my nerves that way that Carol ........... about her job. A. forever boasts B. is forever boasting C. never boasts D. is never boasting 3. We.............to the new Harry Potter film on Saturday. If we can get tickets, would you like to come too? A. were going to go B. were thinking of going C. had planned to go D. had been meaning to go 4. Given the chance, many children .............TV uninterruptedly for hours. A. are watching B. will have watched C. will be watching D. will watch 5.................nocturnal creature(s). A. Owl is a B. An owl is a C. The owl is a D. The owls are 6. The engagement ring he gave her .............been, more beautiful. A. couldn't have B. might have C. shouldn't have D. must have 7. That was…………..party last night - I haven't had so much fun for years! A. any B. some C. one D. no 8. I would normally have been on that train that was derailed yesterday, but…………..told me I should take my car to work instead. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing 9. I wish you.............when I'm telling you something important. A. won't interrupt B. wouldn't interrupt C. didn't interrupt D. hadn't interrupted 10. Oh no! It looks like my rucksack ................. behind in the scramble to get on the bus. A. has left B. has got left C. had left D. had been left
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III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS
1. Since smokers appear to be unable to act in a socially responsible way by voluntarily refraining …… smoking in public, it seems there must be a law.
A. from B. into C. off D. behind
2. He's a little confused and a little ………….. balance, but he knows his routine and heads to his car.
A. under B. against C. off D. in 3. My client accepts the formal apology………….. prejudice to any further legal action she may decide to take.
A. without B. onto C. in D. for
4. If you get goods ………….. the cheap; you get them for a low price, often from someone you know who works in the company or business that produces them
A. on B. for C. at D. within
5. A pay rise is not………….. the realms of possibility, I'm afraid.
A. behind B. under C. within D. against
6. Although the others ………….. him, and his lies, Kirk persists in keeping the pretence going.
A. see through B. turn up C. look back on D. come across
7. He failed to recover from a leg injury and ………….. on a trip to Barcelona
A. missed out B. came up C. turned down D. made up
8. Next year we intend to …………..several new products but at the moment we're still testing them. A. bring out B. cut back C. take over D. go ahead
9. This heat has made me………….. an itchy red rash.
A. come out in B. take up C. tone up D. put on 10. When we discussed how much our wedding was going to cost, it …………..over two thousand pounds!
A. added up to B. moved on to C. sent away for D. went ahead with
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS
1. Mr Simkins is the big…………..in the company as he has just been promoted to the position of Managing Director.
A. bread B. apple C. cheese D. meat
2. This is a good hair dye but the colour gradually………….. after a few weeks.
A. fades B. vanishes C. disappears . D. pales
3. Breaking his leg dealt a …………..to his chances of becoming a professional footballer.
A. thump B. strike C. hit D. blow
4. The judge's ruling………….. a wave of protest campaigns across the country.
A. provoked B. instigated C. launched D. commenced
5. Despite her poor exam results, Alice put a………….. face on the situation.
A. tough B. brave C. courageous D. bold
6. My grandmother was a lovely person who…………..pleasure from helping others.
A. gathered B. derived C. deduced D. collected
7. For busy people in today's society, lifestyle management is gaining …………..
A. points B. speed C. ground D. terrain
8. Once at the skating rink, Ivan was allowed to skate to his heart's…………..
A. happiness B. content C. contentment D. delight
9. Benjamin Britten, the composer, is probably most………….. for his opera "Peter Grimes".
A. famous B. conspicuous C. remarkable D. distinguished
10. He slammed my hand in the car door and, to add insult to………….., didn't stop to apologise.
A. damage B. harm C. injury D. infamy
Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse. The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press. Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink. Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The origins of textile decoration B. The characteristics of good-quality prints C. Two types of printmaking D. Types of paper used in printmaking
2. The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in meaning to …………. A. principal B. complex C. general D. recent
3. The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describe………… A. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth century B. the use of woodcuts in the textile industry C. the process involved in creating a woodcut D. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe
4. The word "incised" is closest in meaning to………… A. burned B. cut C. framed D. baked 5. The word "distinctive" is closest in meaning to………… A. unique B. accurate C. irregular D. similar
6. According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that it………… A. developed from the art of the goldsmiths B. requires that the paper be cut with a burin C. originated in the fifteenth century D. involves carving into a metal plate
7. The word "yield" is closest in meaning to………… A. imitate B. produce C. revise D. contrast 8. According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common? A. Their designs are slightly raised. B. They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching. C. They were first used in Europe. D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.
9. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the
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V. READING COMPREHENSION
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READING 1
sixteenth century?
A. Prints could be made at low cost.
B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.
C. Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.
D. Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.
10. According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that they…………
A. can be reproduced on materials other than paper
B. are created from a reversed image
C. show variations between light and dark shades
D. require a printing press
READING 2
Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with 156rising and falling inflection s. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on. me rely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume , and melody of adult speech.
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk . Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.
More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discrimination s that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory -motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.
1. What does the pas sag e mainly discuss?
A. How babies differentiate between the sound of the hum an voice and other sounds
B. The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language
C. How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development
D. The response of babies to sounds other than the hum an voice
2. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle?
A. To contrast the reactions of babies to hum an and nonhuman sounds
B. To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry
C. To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds
D. To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like
3. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections?
A. To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions
B. To illustrate that a six-w eek-old baby can already distinguish some language differences
C. To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies
D. To give a reason for babies' difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another 4. The word "noted" in line 18 is closest in meaning to ……………
A. theorized B. requested C. disagreed D. observed 5. The word "They" refers to…………
A. mothers B. investigators C. babies D. words 6. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT
A. giving all words equal emphasis B. speaking with shorter sentences
C. speaking more loudly than normal D. using meaningless sounds
7. The word "emphasize" is closest in meaning to …………
A. stress B. repeat C. explain D. leave out
8. Which of the following can be inferred about the Endings described in paragraph 2?
A. Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language.
B. Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways.
C. Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language.
D. The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.
9. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language?
A. Babies begin to understand words in songs.
B. Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions,
C. Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults.
D. Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.
10. According to the author, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them?
A. They understand the rhythm. B. They enjoy the sound.
C. They can remember them easily.
D. They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.
VI. CLOZE TEST CLOZE TEST 1
THE TRUTH BEHIND A SMILE
People smile a great deal, and we seem to know instinctively that some smiles are more genuine than others. But is there any scientific (1)………….. for this? Recent research suggests that a mechanism in the brain can help us (2)…………..whether a smile is really heartfelt - or whether it is just being (3)………….. on for show.
According to various long-held traditions, a genuine smile involves the eyes as well as the mouth. In the nineteenth century, a French anatomist (4)………….. to prove this. He used electrodes to stimulate the facial muscles of volunteers, (5)………….. creating false smiles. He found that real smiles were always (6)………….. with the contraction of a muscle around the eye, but that his artificially induced ones were not.
During more recent research, volunteers were shown a variety of human facial (7)………….. and their reactions to these were monitored. When they were shown a happy face, 35% of the volunteers immediately started looking at the eye area, checking for tell-tale crinkles that would (8)…………..that the smile was genuine; but when shown a sad or neutral face, they did not. So why did the human brain evolve to distinguish between real and false smiles? It could be that this ability to (9)………….. a quick assessment of a smile has an important role to play in successful communication. A genuine smile (10) as a gesture of conciliation in conflict, and it’s important to know whether we are really being offered a truce or not.
1. A. sign B. basis C. root D. fact
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2. A. recollect B. accept C. admit D. recognize
3. A. put B. brought C. created D. stuck
4. A. got down B. set out C. went off D. carried out 5. A. despite B. thereby C. however D. nonetheless 6. A. associated B. mixed C. joined D. accompanied 7. A. exhibitions B. resemblances C. appearances D. expressions
8. A. assure B. confirm C. justify D. approve 9. A. make B. earn C. do D. hold 10. A. aims B. serves C. portrays D. applies
CLOZE TEST 2
HOW TO CONCENTRATE
Concentration is good in exams, bad in orange juice. Concentration happens when you manage to focus on one thing to the (1)…………..of all others, and concentrating on that one thing (2)…………..you to stop worrying about a lot of other things. Sometimes, of course, your mind concentrates when you don't want it to. Maybe you can't get something out of your head, such as a problem you have to (3)………….. up to, or an embarrassing situation you’ve been in. That's why collecting things as a hobby is popular; it (4)………….. your mind off other things, indeed, some people seem to prefer looking after and cataloguing their collections to actually doing anything with them, because this is when the (5)………….. , single-minded concentration happens.
The natural span for concentration is 45 minutes. That’s why half an hour for a television programme seems too short whilst an hour seems too long. But many people’s lives are (6)………….. of concentration. Modern culture is served up in small, (7)………….. digestible chunks that require only a short (8)……… span - although young people can concentrate on computer games for days at a (9)…………..
Sticking out the tongue can aid concentration. This is because you can't (10) ………….. yourself with talking at the same time and other people won’t dare to interrupt your thoughts, because you look like an idiot!
1. A. removal B. exclusion C. omission D. rejection
2. A. lets B. means C. makes D. allows
3. A. face B. confront C. tackle D. meet
4. A. brings B. puts C. holds D. takes
5. A. arresting B. gripping C. absorbing D. enthralling
6. A. absent B. devoid C. lacking D. deficient
7. A. gently B. plainly C . surely D. easily
8. A. attention B. application C. consideration D. contemplation
9. A. length B. stroke C. time D. sequence 10. A. sidestep B. distract C. sidetrack D. disturb
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 PTS): CLOZE TEST 1
AN EQUAL SHARE OF HOUSEWORK MAKES A HAPPY RELATIONSHIP
A recent study shows that an unequal share of household chores is still the norm in many households, despite the fact that many more women now have jobs. In a survey of 1,256 people (1)………… between 18 and 65, men said they contributed an average of 37 per cent of the total housework, while the women estimated their share to be nearly double that, at 70 per cent. This ratio was not (2)…………by whether the woman was working or not.
When they were asked what they thought was a (3)………… division of labour, women with jobs felt that housework should be shared equally between male and female partners. Women who did not work outside the home were satisfied to perform 80 per cent - the (4)…………of the household work - if
their husbands did the remainder. Research has shown that, if levels increase (5)………… these percentages, women become unhappy and anxious, and feel they are unimportant.
After marriage, a woman is reported to increase her household workload by 14 hours per week, but for men the (6)…………is just 90 minutes. So the division of labour becomes unbalanced, as the man's share increases (7)…………less than the woman's. It is the inequality and (8) of respect, not the actual number of hours, which leads to anxiety and depression. The research (9)………… housework as thankless and unfulfilling. Activities included in the study were cooking, cleaning, shopping, doing laundry, washing-up and childcare. Women who have jobs report that they feel overworked by these chores in (10)………… to their professional duties. In contrast, full-time homemakers frequently anticipate going back to work when the children grow up. Distress for this group is caused by losing the teamwork in the marriage.
CLOZE TEST 2
Chewing gum, until now considered the ultimate junk food and the national dish of the gormless, turns out to have a positive effect on cognitive performance. In the first intellectual victory far supporters' of progressive education in many years, it seems that the teacher telling the child at the back of the class to 'spit it out' has (1)………… it all wrong; The Human Cognitive Neuro-Science Unit at the University of Northumbria has tested the thinking and memory of those who chew gum. The results show that gumchewers (2)…………far better in cognitive tests than those who did not partake.
This new information makes many things clear that were (3)………… shrouded in mystery. It was said of Gerald Ford that he could not walk and chew gum at the same time. That he proved so bad at walking and was constantly falling over was seen as a (4)…………that he was not up to the job. Now it is apparent that faced with the choice between walking and masticating he picked wisely. Even though he fell down the steps of many aircraft, his performance When he reached the ground was (5)…………enhanced. Certain mysteries of literature and. language are (6)………… up, too. Shakespeare has Brutus tell Cassius to “chew on this” when he wants him to think about something. Chew on what? Now all is clear. Difficult problems which (7)…………cogitation are confusingly called “ sticky”. Be confused no longer. The beneficial effects of gum may (8)………… as a surprise to some, but chewers themselves, being intellectually superior to everyone else, of course, have been (9)………… of gum's advantages for years. Sadly, some politicians want to tax gum to pay for the (10)………… of scraping discarded pieces from the street. It can confidently be predicted that such small-mindedness among non-chewers will leave the mouths of gum consumers everywhere goping open.
II. WORD FORMS (20 PTS)
WORD FORM 1
1. These shoes are very nice, but they're terribly………….. (PRICE ).
2. The …………..(OUT) appearance of the building has not changed at all in 200 years.
3. Sadly, some economists think that full employment in Europe is an …………..(ATTAIN) goal.
4. The state must ensure the independence and…………..(PART) of the justice system.
5. Sales of…………..(COOK ) meals have risen sharply over the past few years.
6. He refused to say anything on the grounds that he might …………..(CRIME) himself.
7. The recent factory closures and job losses are just a …………..(TASTE ) of the recession that is to come.
8. Most of the errors were corrected at the………….. (READ ) stage before the copies are finally printed.
9. You can accuse me of ………….. (CO WARD ), but I still wouldn't volunteer to fight in a war.
10. When we re-examined the regulations, we realised that we had…………..(INTERPRET) them.
WORD FORM 2
suffice terminate foot signify evolve
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nature resource submit conscious
Mankind 's intuition of freedom, and our identification of freedom with knowledge, sets us apart from animals. The animal's grasp of freedom is (1)…………. in comparison, being only the freedom to respond to external stimuli. The nearest creature to us on the (2)………….tree of life, the chimpanzee, cannot retain an image for a (3)………….length of time to be able to reflect on it. So animal life is largely a matter of conditioned reflexes, performed in an (4)…………. present; in short, animals are little more than machines with (5)…………..
While the animal is carried along (6)…………. on the stream of time, mankind has certain capacities that (7)__________ us to resist the current or look into the future. Our (8)………….invention of language was the first step towards this ‘conquest of time’. Language ‘fixes’ experiences, and places the experience of the past on an equal (9)…………. with that of the present. Imagination was bound to follow, as a (10)…………. progression from ‘labelling’ a past experience to conjuring up its mental image.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
Line 1 5 10 15
5. He loses his temper at all things, even the slightest one.
→ He flies………………………………………………………………….
6. Initially, losing one's job can seem awful; afterwards it can work out well, for some people. BLESSING
→ Losing one's job has proved…………………………………………….
7. He's a pleasant man socially, but he's a tough businessman. BARGAIN
→ He's a pleasant man …………………………………………………….
8. As a champion swimmer, she will never be better than she is now. PRIME → ………………………………………………………………………….
9. A summary' cannot bring out the high quality of this book. JUSTICE →
10. The inspector showed us four potential health hazards. DREW →
ECO-TOURISM
Snacking on green ants is not everyone’s idea of the most delicious holiday indulgently, but on a recent walk through the Daintree rainforest in Queensland, Australia, Aboriginal guide Kirsty Norris assured a group of uncertain guest that the traditional food source of her KukuYalanji tribe was worth a try. She might have been right - but lucky for the native ants and the tourists, rain came streaming down through the canopy, sending any possible food scurrying for cover.
Connected with nature isn’t a compulsory part of a stay at an environmental friendly resort, but at the Daintree Eco Lodge, where treehouse villas are set on stilts above the compound’s waterfall-fed creek, many people find themselves done a bit of communing while they relax. Although ecotourism is increasing on popularity, recording heady growth worldwide, it is still difficult to define. For some travellers, ecotourism means eavesdropping on nature from the comfort of a plush bed with a magnificent view. To others, it's about doing without hot showers and trekking across wildernesses. However, industrial watchers say the category’s basic tenet is minimal environmental impact combination with some contribution to education and conservation.
1……………. 2 ……………. 3…………….
4……………. 5……………. 6…………….
7……………. 8 ……………. 9……………. 10………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORM ATION (20 PTS)
1. Absolute secrecy was crucial to the success of the mission.
→ Without………………………………………………………………….
2. The two sides never looked likely to reach an agreement.
→ At no time was …………………………………………………………
3. He is a complete hypocrite; in public he condemns smokers, yet he smokes a packet a day himself.
→ So…………………………………………
4. Ruth never asks anyone for a loan as she doesn't like to admit she has financial problems.
→ Ruth is ………………………………………………………………….
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A. MULTIPL E CHOICE (40 PTS)
I. PHONOLOGY (5PTS)
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. chauffeur B. chic C. chore D. Michigan
2. A. hypocrite B. expertise C. trichologist D. click
3. A. umpire B. ultramarine C. trumpet D. fumigate
4. A. pizza B. buzzard C. muzzle D. fuzzy
5. A. lounge B. mound C. foul D. gourd
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three
6. A. ridicule B. politics C. dogwhistle D. cheerio
7. A. legitimate B. comparison C. arithmetic D. engineering
8. A. hotel B. caffeine C. wholesale D. bereaved
9. A. Aborigine B. enthusiasm C. simultaneous D. paracetamol
10. A. vigilance B. manifest C. magenta D. interview
II. WORD CHOICE (5 PTS):
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
11.I could hear ………….. of the conversation from across the room.
A. shreds B. pieces C. patches D. snatches
12. They took cash………….. the car previously offered as a prize.
A. in place of B. on account of C. with regard to D. in lieu of 13. After the concert, everyone had to ………….. home through the thick snow.
A. trudge B. tread C. trace D. trickle
14. I wish he wouldn't make such unkind and………….. remarks.
A. lapse B. disparaging C. inconsolable D. rough
15. The little girls were………….. . brightly colored hoops around their waists.
A. twirling B. curling C. swirling D. hurling
16. As the President was absent, I was asked to …………..the meeting.
A. officiate B. govern C. chair D. regulate 17. In the ………….. of security, personnel must wear their identity badges at all times.
A. requirement B. interests C. demands D. assistance
18. Meg had a ………….. escape when she was hang-gliding yesterday.
A. narrow B. close C. near D. slender 19. The doctor thought he had got over the worst, but his condition suddenly…………..
A. deteriorated B. dismantled C. dissolved D. disintegrated 20. He had a momentary …………..of concentration and before he knew it the car had spun out of control. A. lapse B. mistake C. slip D. error
III. G RAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS):
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
21. The Second World War was so terrible,………….. time a large number of families were separated. A. during the B. during which C. at the D. on which 22. They turned down the proposal ………….. that it didn't fulfill their requirement.
A. by reason B. on the grounds C. as a cause D. allowing 23. We are prepared to overlook the error on this occasion …………..your previous good work.
A. in the light of B. thanks to C. with a view to D. with regard to 24. We should leave…………..8.30.
A. any later than B. much later than C. no later than D. not later than
25. There was the most fantastic………….. during the opening ceremony. A. display of fireworks B. firework display C. firework’s display D. displayed firework 26. “I bought you some flowers.” -“They're beautiful, but you ………….. A. needn't B. shouldn't have C. mustn't have D. didn't have 27. ………….. a small creature that defends itself with lobster-like claws and a poisonous sting. A. Scorpions are B. Many a scorpion is C. A scorpion, which is D. The scorpion is 28. She insisted that the reporter………….. her as his source of information. A. not to mention B. not mention C. don't mention D. not mentioning 29. The accountant broke the law, so it would be irresponsible of the firm………….. A. if they won't fire him B. not to fire him C. that they not fire him D. for not firing him 30. …………..that took American art out of the romanticism of the mid-1800’s and carried it to the most powerful heights of realism. A.Winslow Homers' paintings B. It was Winslow Homers’ paintings C. When Winslow Homers' paintings D. Paintings of Winslow Homers'
IV. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS)
31. When he's depressed, he needs someone like a good friend to …………….. A. hammer on B. pour out C. dump on D. drum out 32. Her success can be…………….. a combination of luck, intelligence and sheer hard work. A. ranked among B. put together C. put down on D. lived up to 33. When the Chairman ran off with his secretary, the Board tried to ……………..the matter. A. switch off B. hush up C. calm down D. tuck away 34. The library is …………….. people who lose their books. A. cracking down on B. stepping up C. going down with D. coming up against 35. The word “chaos” has …………….. a special scientific meaning. A. included in B. taken on C. held of D. gasped up 36. When the funds finally ……………..they had to abandon the scheme. A. faded away B. clamped down C. petered out D. fobbed off 37. The Press thought the football manager would be depressed by his dismissal but he just…………….. A. ran it down B. called it off C. turned it down D. laughed it off 38. She accidentally dropped her ring…………….. a drain in the road. A. into B. in C. down D. on 39. Don’t be too hard on yourself. Just…………….. it up to experience and don’t do it again. A. talk B. chalk C. stalk D. set 40. The murderer did …………….. all of his victims by poisoning them with cyanide. A. away with B. with C. for D. without
V. GUIDED CLOZE 1 (5PTS):
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
FRIDAY THE THIRTEENTH
Police are hunting for a hit-and-run driver who knocked a teenage cyclist off her bike in East Street. Sarah Tucker, 17, had a lucky escape on Friday, 13th May, when she was sent reeling by a black Volvo on her way home from work.
She bruised her thigh and shoulder and her bicycle was (41)…………….. The driver stopped for a moment but then drove off without (42)…………….. a name or address and before Sarah could get his number. “ I tried to get out of his way, but I couldn't,” she said.” Everyone at work kept going on about it
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being Friday 13th. I’m not a bit (43)……………..and wouldn’t change any of my plans just because Friday 13th is supposed to be unlucky, I don’t usually take, any (44) …………….. of that sort of thing but I will now. I think I’ll stay in bed.”
The accident (45)…………….. at the junction with Westwood Road at about 6.30pm as Sarah was making her (46)……………..home to the Harley Estate.
The Volvo pulled out of Westwood onto Henley Road in front of the teen ager's bicycle. “He could at (47)…………….. have helped her up. I don 't see why he should get away with it,” said her father, Derek, “Sarah was lucky. I don’t know why the driver didn’t see her. He can’t have been (48)…………….. attention. It is unfortunate that nobody took down the number.” Though still too (49)…………….. to ride a bike, Sarah was able to go back to (50)……………..in Marlow on Monday.
41. A. damaged B. harmed C. devastated D. crashed 42. A. noting B. presenting C. leaving D. suggesting 43. A. irrational B. superstitious C. unreasonable D. prejudices 44. A. notice B. consideration C. note D. care 45. A. came about B. turned up C. finished up D. took place 46. A. route B. way C. course D. path 47. A. once B. most C. least D. best 48. A. giving B. paying C. attracting D. providing 49. A. discouraged B. confused C. overcome D. shaken 50. A. work B. job C. post D. employment
VI. GUIDED CLOZE 2 (5PTS):
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
THE TRUTH BEHIND A SMILE
People smile a great deal, and we seem to know instinctively that some smiles are more genuine than others. But is there any scientific (51)…………. for this? Recent research suggests that a mechanism in the brain can help us (52)…………. whether a smile is really heartfelt - or whether it is just being (53)……… on for show.
(54)………….to various long-held traditions, a genuine smile involves the eyes as well as the mouth. In the nineteenth century, a French anatomist (55) ………….to prove this. He used electrodes to stimulate the facial muscles of volunteers, (56)…………. creating false smiles. He found that real smiles were always (57)………….with the contraction of muscle around the eye, but that his artificially induced ones were not.
During more recent research, volunteers were shown a variety of human facial expressions and the reactions to these were monitored. When they were shown a happy face, 35% of the volunteers immediately started looking at the eye area, checking for tell-tale crinkles that would (58)…………. that the smile was genuine, but when shown a sad or neutral face, they did not. So why did the human brain evolve to (59) ………….between real and false smiles? It could be that this ability to (60)…………. a quick assessment of a smile has an important role to play in successful communication. A genuine smile serves as a gesture of conciliation in conflict, and it’s important to know whether we are really being offered a truce or not.
51. A. sign B. basis C. root D. fact
52. A. recollect B. accept C. admit D. recognise 53. A. put B. brought C. created D. stuck 54. A. Providing B. Considering C. Relating D. According 55. A. got down B. set out C. went off D. carried out 56. A. despite B. thereby C. however D. nonetheless 57. A. associated B. mixed C. joined D. accompanied 58. A. assure B. confirm C. justify D. approve
59. A. decide B. tell C. distinguish D. reckon
60. A. make B. earn C. do D. hold
VII. READING PASSAGE 1 (5PTS):
Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question
Excerpted from What Video Games Have to Teach us about Learning and Literacy by James Paul Gee
When people learn to play video games, they are learning a new literacy. Of course, this is not the way the word "literacy" is normally used. Traditionally, people think of literacy as the ability to read and write. Why, then, should we think of literacy more broadly, in regard to video games or anything else, for that matter? There are two reasons.
First, in the modern world, language is not the only important communicational system. Today images, symbols, graphs, diagrams, artifacts, and many other visual symbols are particularly significant. Thus, the idea of different types of "visual literacy" would seem to be an important one. For example, being able to "read" the images in advertising is one type of visual literacy. And, of course, there are different ways to read such images, ways that are more or less aligned with the intentions and interests of the advertisers. Knowing how to read interior designs in homes, modernist art in museums, and videos on MTV are other forms of visual literacy.
Furthermore, very often today words and images of various sorts are juxtaposed and integrated in a variety of ways. In newspaper and magazines as well as in textbooks, images take up more and more of the space alongside words. In fact, in many modern high school and college textbooks in the sciences images not only take up more space, they now carry meanings that are independent of the words in the text. If you can't read these images, you will not be able to recover their meanings from the words in the text as was more usual in the past. In such multimodal texts (texts that mix words and images), the images often communicate different things from the words. And the combination of the two modes communicates things that neither of the modes does separately. Thus, the idea of different sorts of multimodal literacy seems an important one. Both modes and multimodality go far beyond images and words to include sounds, music, movement, bodily sensations, and smells.
None of this news today, of course. We very obviously live in a world awash with images. It is our first answer to the question why we should think of literacy more broadly. The second answer is this: Even though reading and writing seem so central to what literacy means traditionally, reading and writing are not such general and obvious matters as they might at first seem. After all, we never just read or write; rather, we always read or write something in some way.
So there are different ways to read different types of texts. Literacy is multiple, then, in the sense that the legal literacy needed for reading law books is not the same as the literacy needed for reading physics texts or superhero comic books. And we should not be too quick to dismiss the latter form of literacy. Many a superhero comic is replete with post-Freudian irony of a soil that would make a modern literary critic's heart beat fast and confuse any otherwise normal adult. Literacy, then, even as traditionally conceived to involve only print, is not a unitary thing but a multiple matter. There are, even in regard to printed texts and even leaving aside images and multimodal texts, different "literacies."
Once we see this multiplicity of literacy (literacies), we realize that when we think about reading and writing, we have to think beyond print. Reading and writing in any domain, whether it is law, rap songs, academic essays, superhero comics, or whatever, are not just ways of decoding print, they are also caught up with and in social practices... Video games are a new form of art. They will not replace books; they will sit beside them, interact with them, and change them and their role in society in various ways, as, indeed, they are already doing strongly with movies. (Today many movies are based on video games and many more are influenced by them.) We have no idea yet how people "read" video games, what meanings they make from them. Still less do we know how they will "read" them in the future.
61. According to the first paragraph, the broadest definition of “literacy” is
A. The ability to analyze literature
B. The ability to comprehend basic cultural cues
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C. The ability to read and write
D. The ability to compose poetry
62. All are mentioned as being types of “visual literacy” EXCEPT
A. Musical tones B. Interior Design C. Diagrams D. Modern Art 63. An example from a science textbook of the phenomenon the author describes in the third paragraph could be
A. A genetic tree that coincides with the discussion of specific mammal classes in the text
B. A diagram of a specific chemical reaction that is used to explain a broad definition in the text
C. An illustration of a plant cycle that accompanies a chapter on photosynthesis
D. A cartoon that references the same methods discussed in the text about laboratory safety
64. What is an example of a "multimodal” text?
A. Adictionary B. Amovie script C. Aphoto album
D. An art book that describes the art as well as reproduces images of the original prints
65. The idiom in the sixth paragraph, "read against the grain of the text" is closest in meaning to A. Reading to understand the underlying meanings and themes of the author's words-not just a literal interpretation
B. Reading text that defines different types of wheat and grains
C. To read the text from right to left rather than left to right
D. To read books that use recycled paper and other green alternatives
66. In the seventh paragraph, the author suggests that literacy is multiple, meaning that
A. To be "literate" can mean participating in any form of expression
B. One's literacy increases exponentially as greater mastery of reading and writing is achieved
C. Different genres and modes of expression require different background knowledge and perspectives to understand them
D. Literacy can only be gained by exploring every type of media and expression
67. Why does the author give the example of superhero comics to explain multiple literacies?
A. To explain that comic books are written for children and purely for entertainment. They require only a basic knowledge of the action that occurs in the story
B. To once again refer to his earlier points about "multimodal” texts
C. To insist that even when an author may intend multiple meanings and interpretations, they are rarely successful in conveying those to readers
D. Things that may seem on the surface to be only meant for a particular group of people can actually have very profound meanings to those who possess other types of literacy
68. The author suggests that all of the following require different types of literacy and the ability to decode meaning EXCEPT
A. Rap music B. Comic books C. Academic papers D. Symphonies
69. The author says that video games
A. Are not yet entirely understood in terms of literacy, but are already impacting other forms of expression such as filmmaking
B. Are unrealistic and should not fall into the same categories as the other texts he describes
C. Are too violent to risk experimenting with for the purposes of understanding literacy
D. Are irrelevant in academic discussion because no one has yet determined how to explain the ways that people understand them
70. What would be the most logical information for the next paragraph to contain if the article continued?
A. A technological definition of video games, how they are made, and how they are played
B. A historical explanation of the very first video game and its evolution
C. Examples of the way that some people currently interpret video games and what they mean to them
D. A price comparison of video game consoles and whether or not quality has a direct impact on literacy
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READING PASSAGE 2 (5PTS):
Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.
1. The craft of perfumery has an ancient and global heritage. The art flourished in Ancient Rome, where the emperors were said to bathe in scent. After the fall of Rome, much of the knowledge was lost, but survived in Islamic civilizations in the Middle Ages. Arab and Persian pharmacists developed essential oils from the aromatic plants of the Indian peninsula. They developed the processes of distillation and suspension in alcohol, which allowed for smaller amounts of raw materials to be used than in the ancient process, by which flower petals were soaked in warm oil. This knowledge was carried back to European monasteries during the Crusades.
2. At first, the use of fragrances was primarily associated with healing. Aromatic alcoholic waters were ingested as well as used externally. Fragrances were used to purify the air, both for spiritual and health purposes. During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from a bad odour which could be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon. The Black Death led to an aversion to using water for washing, and so perfume was commonly used as a cleaning agent.
3. Later on, the craft of perfume re-entered Europe, and was centred in Venice, chiefly because it was an important trade route and a centre for glass-making. Having such materials at hand was essential for the distillation process. In the late seventeenth century, trade soared in France, when Louis XIV brought in policies of protectionism and patronage which stimulated the purchase of luxury goods. Here, perfumery was the preserve of glove-makers. The link arose since the tanning of leather required putrid substances. Consequently, the gloves were scented before they were sold and worn. A glove and perfume makers’ guild had existed here since 1190. Entering it required 7 years of formal training under a master perfumer.
4. The trade in perfume flourished during the reign of Louis XV, as the master glove-and-perfume makers, particularly those trading in Paris, received patronage from the royal court, where it is said that a different perfume was used each week. The perfumers diversified into other cosmetics including soaps, powders, white face paints and hair dyes. They were not the sole sellers of beauty products. Mercers, Spicers, vinegar-makers and wig-makers were all cashing in on the popularity of perfumed products. Even simple shopkeepers were coming up with their own concoctions to sell.
. During the eighteenth century, more modern, capitalist perfume industry began to emerge, particularly in Britain where there was a flourishing consumer society. In France, the-revolution initially disrupted the perfume trade due to its association with aristocracy, however, it regained momentum later as a wider range of markets were sought both in the domestic and overseas markets. The guild system was abolished in 1791, allowing new high-end perfumery shops to open in Paris.
. Perfume became less associated with health in 1810 with a Napoleonic ordinance which required perfumers to declare the ingredients of all products for internal consumption. Unwilling to divulge their secrets, traders concentrated on products for external use. Napoleon affected the industry in other ways too. With French ports blockaded by the British during the Napoleonic wars, the London perfumers were able to dominate the markets for some time.
. One of the significant changes in the nineteenth century was the idea of branding. Until then, trademarks had had little significance in the perfumery where goods were consumed locally, although they had a long history in other industries. One of the pioneers in this field was Rimmel who was nationalized as a British citizen in 1857. He took advantage of the spread of railroads to reach customers in wider markets. To do this, he built a brand which conveyed prestige and quality, and were worth paying a premium for. He recognised the role of design in enhancing the value of his products, hiring a French lithographer to create the labels for his perfume bottles.
8. Luxury fragrances were strongly associated with the affluent and prestigious cities of London and Paris. Perfumers elsewhere tended to supply cheaper products and knock-offs of the London and Paris brands. The United States perfume industry, which developed around the docks in New York where French oils were being imported, began in this way. Many American firms were founded by immigrants, such as William Colgate, who arrived in 1806. At this time, Colgate was chiefly known as a perfumery. Its Cashmere Bouquet brand had 625 perfume varieties in the early 20th century.
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71. The purpose of the text is to
A. compare the perfumes from different countries
B. describe the history of perfume making
C. describe the problems faced by perfumers
D. explain the different uses of perfume over time
72. Which of the following is NOT true about perfume making in Islamic countries?
A. They created perfume by soaking flower petals in oil.
B. They dominated perfume making after the fall of the Roman Empire, C. They took raw materials for their perfumes from India.
D. They created à technique which required fewer plant materials.
73. Why does the writer include this sentence in paragraph 2?
During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted front a bad odour which could be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon
A. To explain why washing was not popular during the Black Death
B. To show how improper use of perfume caused widespread disease C. To illustrate how perfumes used to be ingested to treat disease
D. To give an example of how fragrances were used for health purposes
74. Why did the perfume industry develop in Paris?
A. Because it was an important trade route
B. Because of the rise in the glove-making industry C. Because of the introduction of new trade laws
D. Because of a new fashion in scented gloves
75. In paragraph 4, it is implied that..........
A. Master glove and perfume makers created a new perfume each week.
B. Mercers, spicers and other traders began to call themselves masters, C. The Royal Court only bought perfume from masters D. Cosmetics were still only popular within the Royal Courts.
76. How did the French Revolution affect the Parisian perfume industry?
A. The industry declined then rose again.
B. The industry collapsed and took a long time to recover, C. The industry was greatly boosted.
D. The industry lost most of its overseas customers.
77. London came to lead tile perfume industry because...
A. the French Revolution meant that there were fewer customers in France.
B. Napoleon's new laws affected the profitability of perfume-making, C. the production of perfume ceased during the Napoleonic wars.
D. the French were unable to export perfumes for a period of time.
78. Which of the following is NOT true of Rimmel?
A. He was one of the first people to utilise trademarks. B. He created attractive packaging for his products C. His products were more expensive than other brands.
D. He transported his goods to potential customers by train.
79. What is implied about the New York perfume industry?
A. It was the fastest-growing perfume industry in the world at that time. B. It was primarily developed by immigrants arriving from France, C. It copied luxury fragrances and sold them cheaply.
D. There was a wider range of fragrances available here than elsewhere.
80. Which city is being described in this sentence?
‘The perfume industry developed here because the city produced materials and equipment necessary for perfume production’
Paris B. London C. Venice D.
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. CLOZE TEST (20 PTS): Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
PASSAGE 1
Sir Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955) is (1)………… with leading the way in the use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. His discovery of penicillin in 1928 came at a time when many people died of tuberculosis, diphtheria and other infectious diseases which made such a cure highly sought after.
After obtaining his medical degree in 1906 at St Mary's Hospital Medical School in London. Fleming began to work (2) ………… antibacterial substances which could be used with humans. He was in the middle of his career when the First World War began, but was fortunate to be able to continue his research while serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps. He made his first major discovery in 1921, when he identified and isolated lysozyme, an enzyme found in human tears and saliva. (3) ………… antibiotic activity helps to prevent infections.
It was not until seven years later, however, that Fleming became internationally famous. He was working with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (4)…………he noticed that it was killed off by a green fungus, Penicillium notatum, which has contaminated the culture. Further investigation showed that .there was a substance in the fungus which prevented the growth of the bacteria, even when the substance was diluted 800 times.
The development of penicillin, which derives its name (5)………… the fungus, must also be (6)………… to Ernst Chain and Howard Florey. The work of these two men revolved (7)………… isolating the active ingredient in the fungus so that it could safely be administered to humans. They finally achieved this, and in 1945 Chain, Florey and Fleming were jointly (8)…………the Nobel Prize.
Since this ground-breaking work, scientists have discovered numerous further antibiotics to treat a variety of bacterial diseases. All of these discoveries, however, are grounded in the work of Fleming, and even today he is (9)…………up to as a leading figure in the treatment of infectious diseases. Indeed, a museum has now been opened at the (10) ………… of his old laboratory at St Mary’s in Paddington, London.
PASSAGE 2:
Volcanic eruption has been a constant threat to our natural environment for millions of years, but seldom in recent times (11)………… a volcano erupted with the ferocity of Krakatoa. Krakatoa. (12)………… is a volcanic island group in Indonesia, erupted on 27th August 1883. (13) …. only was the explosion (14) …………loud that it was heard as far away (more than 3,000 km) as Perth in Australia, but it is also recognised as (15)………… the loudest sound (16)…………recorded.
Tens of thousands of people in the region were killed many (17) …………in the enormous tsunamis which the eruption produced - tsunamis which eventually reached South Africa and the English Channel. The explosion also had a major effect on the (18) ………… world's weather system. The volcanic dust in the atmosphere reduced the (19) ………… of sunlight reaching the earth’s surface, reducing global temperatures by more than one degree centigrade. Only after five years had passed (20)…………global temperatures begin to return to normal.
II. WORD FORMATION: (20PTS)
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses
1. She also points out that mandatory ............................fuel pumping creates jobs for all the people who pump the fuel. (SERVICE)
2. There is concern that the judges might ................................their power. (USE)
3. Constant correction by a teacher is often ...............................as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (PRODUCE)
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4. It sees restructuring of Urenco as the means to convert a .........................business into one with potential for growth and profit. (LOSS)
5. Like all tyrannical leaders, he demanded ...........................obedience from his followers. (QUESTION)
6. She's such a .............................that she notices even the tiniest mistakes. (PERFECT)
7. Workers are fully exposed to chemical toxins and hazardous machines, and suffer sickness, ......... and death at the highest rates in world history. (FIGURE)
8. By sheer luck, the gas released in Oklahoma City was blown into a mostly ..................area. (HABITAT)
9. His methodical ...................... was another point of divergence from the Impressionists and he devoted many studies to creating the composition. (PAIN)
10. Hundreds of sailors and Marines yesterday loaded supplies and equipment aboard the ...................ships. (AMPHIBIAN)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box. absent observe variable describe opinion fair predict alternate enthuse regular
A live broadcast of any public event, such as a space flight or sporting occasion, is almost (11) .... accompanied by the thoughts of a commentator. This may be on television, along with the relevant pictures, or (12)...............on radio. The technique involved differs between the two media, with radio broadcasters needing to be more explicit and (13)............... . because of the (14)...............of visual information. TV commentators do not need to paint a picture for their audience; instead their various (15)...................should add to the images that are already there. There will sometimes be silences and pauses in TV commentary, although these are becoming increasingly rare. Both types of commentator should try to be informative, but should avoid sounding (16) ............... In sports commentary, (17).. ...... and impartiality to both sides is vital, but spontaneity and (18)............... are valued by those watching or listening. Sports commentators usually broadcast live in an essentially unscripted way, although they may refer to previously prepared materials such as sports statistics. Because of the ( 19)................. nature of live events, thorough preparation in advance is vital. The internet has helped enormously with this aspect of the job. Anyone interested in becoming a commentator should have excellent organizational skills, the willingness to work (20)................... hours and a strong voice.
III. ERROR CORRECTION: (10PTS)
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them. Line 1 2
Most astronomical events that influence the Earth, apart from the occasional asteroid impact, do so in aregular fashion, such as day and night, the tides and the seasons. There is, therefore, one event that has a tremendous impact on the Earth - those of the total eclipse. For a few minutes, broad daylight changes to complete darkness as the Moon totally hide the Sun. This darkness is accompanied by many spectacular effects, and it also provides a rare opportunity to physicists to make observations that are impossible at any other time. However, as a total solar eclipse is a sudden interruption of the day, it can also have an effect on plants and animals that are used to the regular circle of day and night. As total eclipses occur in average once every 360-years at any particular location, there is little chance of any living thing becoming accustomed to them. In fact, there are some amazing stories of the unusual behaviour
14 15 16 17 18 19
of animals as a total eclipse approaches. In Australia, for example, one observer said, ‘I found myself have to calm a distressed parrot, which fell to the ground a moment or so before the total eclip se’. Joanna Kale, other observer, found her head surrounded by a cloud of insects that dispersed when the Sun finally emerged from the eclipse. So, as these examples show, the Suns presence has an astonishing influence on life on Earth.
1. …………… 2. …………… 3. …………… 4. …………… 5. …………… 6. …………… 7. …………… 8. …………… 9. …………… 10 ……………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: (20 PTS)
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
1. It was not until five years had elapsed that the whole truth about the murder came out. → Not for an other..................................
2. I have frequently made stupid mistakes like that. → Many's............................................
3. Don’t tell the boss anything about this. (BREATHE) → 4. It seemed the young man was feeling bitter about his family background. (SHOULDER) → The young man appeared ............................................................................... 5. He has an obsession about the dishonesty of lawyers. (BEE) → He ............................................................................. dishonesty of lawyers.
6. He was exasperated with being criticized in public all the time. (TEETH) → He was fed.....................................................................................................
7. It’s possible the looming crisis won’t ever actually materialize. → It’s not beyond...................................
8. I do n't remember much about my mother, but I do remember she was very kind and loving towards us. → What little....................................... 9. You have said exactly the right thing. (NAIL) → You...............................................
10. They designed the stadium to make hooliganism impossible. (SUCH) → The stadium ......................................
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A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
I. WORD CHOICE
1. In any profession, you have to learn to take the…………… with the smooth.
A. hard B. stodgy C. rough D. coarse
2. The new secretary seems a bit lazy, she doesn’t really …………… her weight.
A. push B. give C. act D. pull
3. A bad management decision …………… disaster for the company.
A. drew B. spelt C. lay D. sprang
4. There was no …………… difference between the original and the copy.
A. knowable B. discoverable C. discernible D. understandable
5. Jessica was scraping the bottom of the……………for an excuse saying she had a hairdresser’s appointment.
A. glass B. pitcher C. jug D. barrel
6. Daisy says she didn’t want to be chosen, but it’s just sour……………; she did really.
A. grapes B. lemons C. raisins D. milk
7. Harold realized too late that he had sold the van too cheaply: but there was no point in …………… over spilt milk.
A. sobbing B. weeping C. screaming D. crying
8. I get so stressed at work it’s hard sometimes to in the evenings.
A. unwind B. undo C. undergo D. untie
9. Going down white-water rapids in a canoe must be extremely …………… ! Does your heart start beating really fast?
A. trivial B. mundane C. sedentary D. exhilarating
10. Was it always an ……………of yours to play for France?
A. urge B. adoration C. anticipation D. aspiration
II. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (10pts)
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each blank.
1. The engagement ring he gave her……………been more beautiful.
A. couldn't have B. might have C. shouldn’t have D. must have
2. He doesn't like children chatting in class.…………… he will not put up with.
A. Such B. Those C. That D. This thing
3. Despite his disability he tried to lead……………as possible.
A. as normal life B. a normal a life
C. as normal as life D. as normal a life
4. Since I …………… him, I have never seen him so angry like that.
A. have known B. knew C. know D. am knowing
5. There's nothing……………now - we 'll have to buy a new car. A. to do B. to be done C. to have been done D. to be doing
6. ……………a high level of blood cholesterol.
A . It is eggs that contains B. It is eggs that contain C. Those are eggs they contain D. It are eggs that contain
7. The work area……………cordoned off. Some passers-by could have been injured.
A. must have been B. might have been C. could have been D. should have been
8. There was a sudden bang …………… me up during the night.
A. woke B. waking C. that woke D. that wakes 9. If…………… by hunger, you might consider eating a frog.
A. they are driven to desperation B. driving to desperate
C. you are driving to desperation D. driven to desperation
10. His story was so sad it almost had us…………… A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. have cried
III. PREPOSITION
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each blank
1. I really must…………… up my Japanese before we visit Japan next year. A. bottle B. brush C. dig D. tighten 2. It was supposed to be a private meeting but he just……………!
A. barged in B. broke off C. crowded around D. whiled away 3. An Industrial society which makes goods that are not designed to last is known as a …………… society. A. fallout B. takeaway C. set-aside D. throwaway 4. He'd threatened to divorce her but I never thought he'd…………… with it. A. come through B. get through C. go through D. make through 5. The prime minister has said that the government is committed…………… the preservation of the country's national interests.
A. on B. with C. to D. in 6. I was about to pay for the shopping when it suddenly…………… me that I'd left my wallet at home. A. dawned on B. dawn up to C. came up to D. came on 7. It's a good idea to …………… people before taking them into your confidence.
A. tumble to B. size up C. bank on D. root out 8. These measures have been taken with a view…………… increasing the company's profits. A. off B. in C. of D. to 9. All our household goods are insured…………… accidental damage.
A. just in case B. for C. from D. against 10. When the chairman ran off with his secretary, the Board tried to……………the matter.
A. tuck away B. hush up C. shut down D. switch off
IV. COLLOCATIONS
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each blank.
1. John takes a ……………seat in his marriage. His wife makes all the decisions in the family. A. tail B. rear C. front D. back
2. Catherine Rhodes is considered to be one of the big …………… in the fashion industry. A. rifles B. guns C. pistols D. weapons
3. Martha didn’t get the job at the florist’s, but she’s got several…………… in the fire. A. logs B. irons C. coals D. embers
4. He didn't intend to make a speech. If asked to, he would make a few remarks……………, but that was all he would do.
A. off the cuff B. on the off-chance C. off and on D. off his rocket
5. In a situation like this, there are no …………… rules. You just have to use your own discretion. A. clear and cut B. hard and fast C. up-and-coming D. out-and-out
6. She demanded to be promoted to a post of responsibility, otherwise she would …………… about her affair with the Prime Minister.
A. reveal the cake B. spill the beans C. let loose the pussycat D. spit out the bit
7. Her wages were so low that she had to take a second job just to ……………
A. tie up loose ends B. meet her match C. make ends meet D. be on the loose
8. “Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend?”
- “That’s what I was just about to suggest. Great minds……………
A. think alike B. think the same C. meet each other D. meet likewise
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9. Two escaped prisoners are currently……………the police.
A. at ease with B. out of respect for C. on a par with D. on the run from 10. The studio didn’t publicize the film but its reputation nonetheless spread……………
A. at a distance B. from memory C. by word of mouth D. by force IV. READING (10 pts )
Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each of the questions below .
PASSAGE 1
Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence.
The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.
Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practised, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American Gulf Coast.
1. The author’s main purpose in this passage is to…
A. illustrate the importance of conserving water
B. describe the properties and uses of water
C. comp are water with other liquids
D. explain how water is used in commerce and industry
2. The phrase “this vast amount” in line 4 of paragraph 1 refers to ………….
A. 80,000 million cubic miles of water B. 24,000 cubic miles of rain
C. 80,000 cubic miles of water D. 300 million cubic miles of water
3. The word “replenish” in paragraph 1 can best replaced by………….
A. fill again B. replace C. evaporate D. form
4. According to the passage, fish can survive in the oceans because…………..
A. evaporation and condensation create a water cycle B. there are currents in the oceans
C. they do not need oxygen
D. ice floats
1805. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of water?
A. Water can absorb heat B. Water is good solvent. C. Water contracts on cooling D. Water expands when it is frozen
6. The word “outstanding” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to………….
A. exceptionally good B. special C. amusing D. important
7. According the passage, the hydrosphere is NOT………….
A. the pail of the earth covered by water B. responsible for all forms of life C. in danger of freezing over D. a source of natural resources
8. The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as………….
A. dispassionate B. speculative C. biased D. dogmatic
9. The author organizes the passage by…………. A. juxtaposition of true and untrue ideas B. comparison and contrast C. general statement followed by examples D. hypothesis and proof
10. Which of the following statements would be the most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage?
A. Water has the ability to erode land B. Droughts and flooding are two types of disasters associated with water C. Another remarkably property of ice is its strength D. Magnesium is widely used in metallurgical processes
PASSAGE 2
THE CHANGE IN ART AFTER WORLD WAR II
In the 1930s, before the onset of war, rationing, and army drafts, art reflected the somewhat serene lives of the people. Mundane scenes such as factory workers or office settings were routinely painted to depict the era. They were reminiscent of the people living a routine life in middle-class, ordinary settings. Yet in 1939, fighting spread throughout the world. War and the subsequent struggles for power, existence, and peace brought great unrest for countries around the world following World War II. With the changes wrought by war, many countries felt the need to convey a new, postwar image. It was from this need that abstract expressionism evolved as a modern and recognized art form.
Abstract artist Jackson Pollock gave a clear picture of the emergence of abstract art when he said, “The modern painter cannot express this age - the airplane, the atom bomb, the radio - in the old forms of the Renaissance or of any other past culture. Each finds its own technique.” It was the art of this revolutionary painter that helped define the abstract movement. Postwar artists like Pollock developed free-form aesthetics by abandoning conventions of past styles while maintaining focused, self-reflexive qualities and the feelings of each individual artist. The method for creating abstract art involved painting free of religious, political, and popular subjects. The paintings were instead comprised of bright colors and shapes, characterized by personal expression rather than the development of a predictable art style. Much personal empowerment grew out of this profound freedom of expression.
After World War II and during the uncertainty of the Cold War, the world tottered back and forth between stability and instability. People felt great anxiety amidst their growing prosperity. They viewed the modern art of the time as bold, triumphant, and self-assured. Although the work seemed to exude postwar confidence, artists portrayed profound unease and viewed their work much differently. Their images were the expression of desperation in the midst of a tough reality inspired by unrest and contrasted with material growth. The psychology of the abstract art form emerged from this altered mindset that was at once strong and vulnerable, confident and subdued. Consequently, artists at the time had the need to feel their experiences in ways that were intense, immediate, direct, subtle, unified, and vivid. “Painting is a state of being ... painting is self-discovery. Every good artist paints what he is,” stated Pollock. Abstract expressionism, as the new art style became known, was a way to embody the artist's yearning for stability in an unstable world as well as a way to emphasize his own personal ideas and use those as expression.
Pollock's chief ambition in his art was to incorporate opposition. He did this by pairing order with chaos, reason with passion, and modernism with primitivism. Similar to other abstract artists, he preferred to portray notions of the subconscious, giving free reign to forgotten personal memories and psychic impulses. George Tooker, another artist of the time, painted The Subway, which illustrated postwar expectations of individuality and conformity. The affluence of the nation’s newfound economic success combined with anxiety over political instability to form a dual consciousness that is said to haunt America's identity still. Each head a set of signature styles that expressed personal and societal isolation of the artist in abstract ways.
During this time, modern art became identified widely as “American” art, having its focal point
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primarily on the nation. The Museum of Modern Art in New York began to ship abstract expressionistic works to be displayed in places like Milan, Madrid, Berlin, Amsterdam, Paris, and London. Some critics overseas were dismayed, stating that this type of abstract art was not new. As this art was practiced elsewhere, they continued by saying it was not good quality painting and was not purely American. One writer hailed typical American abstract art as “heir of the pioneer and immigrant.” Another saw the artists as heroic rebels, comparing them to movie stars of the same caliber as James Dean and Marlon Brando or teen idols such as Elvis Presley.
As the US was celebrating a highly contradictory mix of freedom and individuality, abstract expressionism became a political pawn of sorts. The art reflected the ambiguity of the world at the time as war-ravaged countries worked to recover their economy and people worked to achieve a normal state of life. The artists of abstract expressionism effectively captured the emotion of the nation as it emerged from a time of stress and tried to form an updated image
1. The author discusses art from the 1930s in order to ………….
A. demonstrate the drastic change in art B. explain the change in America’s culture C. describe the hardships of the people
D. list the events that transpired
2. The word ‘conventions’ in the passage is closet in meaning to …………. A. perceptions B. agreements C. situations D. traditions
3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the change in art?
A. Artists sought ways to distinguish their art from previous artists.
B. The painters used traditional design elements in whole new ways, C. Consistency in art overpowered the need for originality.
D. Artwork reflected the personal empowerment of the artist.
4. The word ‘exude’ in the passage is closest in meaning to…………. A. discourage B. portray C. replace D. instruct
5. The word “affluence” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………. A. wealth B. learning C. position D. stature
6. According to paragraph 3, although the work of abstract artists appeared confident, it was in fact
A. identical to the nation’s certainty B. representative of the country’s wealth C. reflective of the anxiety of the era
D. expressive of the artists’ low self-esteem
7. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as Pollock’s techniques painting EXCEPT:
A. Stark displays of contrasts and opposition B. Feelings and impulses from within the mind C. Emotion mixed with ordinary scenes
D. Intense emotions from personal experiences
8. The word ‘each in the passage refers to …………. A. artist B. dual consciousness C. physic impulse D. notion of the unconscious
9. According to paragraph 5, abstract expressionism was critiqued for being A. widely followed and admired B. labeled “American” C. exhibited worldwide D. claiming to be modern 10. The word “ its” in the passage refers to A. ambiguity B. nation C. modern art D. world
V. GUIDED CLOZE TEST
Read the following passage and choose the options that best complete the blanks. PASSAGE 1
Our group (1)…………. silent at the base of a narrow steel ladder that rose vertically through the maze of girders at the south-east end of Australia's Sydney Harbour Bridge. We needn't have worried about the first part of the climb. Up to this (2)………….our guided tour had been little more than a stroll but now our task was to face the ladder. It must have been at least fifty feet high. There were handrails and our safety belts would be tethered to a cable to (3)…………. a fall but the water couldn't have been less than 250 feet below us and the (4)………….of climbing was daunting.
What lay at the top was stepping out on to the exposed upper arch of the bridge, with blue sky all round and the water almost 262 feet below. We ought to have found this out before embarking on what now seemed a singularly (5)…………. mission! My own (6)…………. was extreme, but, on this sparkling morning, I saw no option but to climb to the summit of one of the world's best-loved icons - a miracle of engineering recognized by people everywhere.
As I climbed the tension (7)………….out of me; I was driven by an exhilarating feeling of conquest. At the top, I dropped my (8)………….to the vast pool of the harbor below. It might just as well have been a mill pond from this height. We stood on a small viewing deck in the warm sunshine, (9) …………. with excitement and arms raised as our guide took a (10) …………. photograph.
1. A. fell B. came C. rendered D. dropped 2. A. position B. period C. point D. place . 3. A. hold B. halt C. reduce D. break 4. A. perspective B. proposal C. probability D. prospect 5. A. negligent B. reckless C. careless D. unthinking 6. A. acrophobia B. claustrophobia C. agoraphobia D. arachnophobia 7. A. exuded B. drained C. leaked D. came 8. A. glare B. glimpse C. gaze D. glance 9. A. flushed B. burned C. drenched D. flamed 10. A. celebrant B. celebratory C. celebrated D. celebrity
PASSAGE 2
THE VALUE OF WALKING
New research reveals that walking just 9.5 kilometers (six miles) a week may keep your brain sharper as you get older. Research published in the October 13 online issue of Neurology suggests that walking may protect aging brains from growing smaller and, in (1)…………. , preserve memory in old age.
‘Brain size shrinks in late adulthood, which can cause memory problems,’ study author Kirk Erickson of the University of Pittsburgh said in a news release. ‘Our findings should encourage further welldesigned scientific (2)…………. Of physical exercise in older adults as a very (3) …………. approach for preventing dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.’ For the study, the team asked 299 dementia-free seniors to record the (4)…………. they walked each week.
Four years later, the participants were tested to see if they had developed (5)…………. of dementia. Then after nine years had passed, scientists (6)………….the participants’ brains to measure size. At the four-year test, researchers discovered subjects who walked the most had (7)………….their risk of developing memory problems by 50 per cent. At the nine-year checkpoint, those who walked at least 9.5 kilometers a week, had brains with a larger (8)………….than those who didn’t walk as much.
This is not the first study to (9)…………. the benefits of walking in seniors. For example, last spring, Harvard University found that women who walked regularly at a (10)…………. pace had an almost 40 per cent lower risk of stroke.
1. A. result B. turn C .sequence D. case
2. A. trials B. attempts C. searches D. courses
3. A. indicative B. promising C. fortunate D. ideal
4. A. distance B. length C. duration D. extent
5. A. signals B. factors C. signs D. features
6. A. skimmed B. scanned C. screened D. sounded
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7. A. depressed B. declined C .reduced D. dropped
8. A. volume B. amount C. dimension D. quantity
9. A. advertise B. promote C .respect D. admire
10. A. brisk B. hard C. crisp D. brief
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZE (20pts): Fill in each gap with one suitable word
PASSAGE 1
THE SIGHTS AND SMELLS OF MOROCCAN MARKETS
As you approach the city of Fes, you are overwhelmed by the incredible noise of the traffic. Roads are unmarked, there are no traffic lights, and people are sounding their car horns all the time, (1)………….a terrible din. The traffic noise abates (2)…………. you enter the market, as the streets are too narrow for cars to get (3) ………….
The medina (market) of Fes has a unique smell that is hard to describe, and even harder to forget. It smells (4)…………. raw meat that has been in the sun too long, combined with the stench of rancid oil and olives. The sound of flies buzzing is everywhere.
It is easy to escape from this smell if you enter a pharmacy. The shopkeeper speaks both Arabic and English fluently. He listens intently to his customers and then tells them (5)…………. medicines they need. Giant bottles of herbs and spices give (6)…………. a fragrant scent of fresh mint and lavender.
There is a restaurant nearby, where lunch is being served. Big platters of fresh vegetables come out first, but many tourists (7)…………. clear of raw vegetables in case they get ill from the water (8)……… were washed in. Then, the main course is served - curried chicken. It looks and smells appetizing and tastes delicious. The diners eat it with relish, washed (9)………….with cola, even though many of them have seen chickens being killed in the market (10)…………. a few minutes earlier.
PASSAGE 2
THE ORIGINS OF CRICKET
Cricket is often considered the quintessential English sport, but in fact, there are many theories about how the game (1)………….. One theory suggested that the game was devised by shepherds, who would hit balls of wool with their crooks or ‘cricces'. (2)…………. speculates that it was started by children. The idea was that the person holding the crook would (3)…………. the wicket gate to the sheep-pen from the person throwing the woolen ball. However, it is (4)………….that the game we know today would have evolved from a single inspiration, and cricket probably came (5) …………. as an amalgamation of different games played over the centuries.
The (6)…………. reference in history to a game similar to cricket dates back to 1300, when King Edward I, also (7)………….as Edward Longshanks, is noted as playing a game called ‘creag’. In 1597 we come across a reference to the game in Surrey, where a witness in a land dispute stated he remembered playing ‘krekett’ almost fifty years (8)………….. The first recorded match took place in 1646 and at the end of the century it was so popular that (9)…………. Missed church to attend a game was (10)…………. to a fine! The first written rules of cricket weren't drawn up until 1744.
II. WORD FORM (20pts)
PART 1. Supply the correct form of the word in the bracket in each sentence
1. Eighty percent of people interviewed…………. declared that the use of endangered wild animals such as elephants and tigers as a form of entertainment should be prohibited. (EQUIVOCAL).
2. There is evidence to indicate that most animals face ………….on a daily basis. (TREAT)
3. …………. at this school is severely punished, so remember to mind your manners both during the lessons and outside the classroom. (OBEY).
4. There are various myths surrounding bats, those…………. creatures of the night. (ENIGMA)
5. Some species feed primarily on fruit and so aid in seed…………. . (DISPERSE)
6. The draft law was passed by 134 votes to 19, with 5 …………. (ABSTAIN) .
7. For some young people, online games have become…………. addictive to the extent that is threatening their mental and physical health. (RESIST)
8. You do not have to be an expert to grow cacti, and the …………. needn't be concerned about cultivating them because they are among the easiest of plants to care for. (INITIATE)
9. Girls are almost invariably expected to express their feelings, but it would be…………. to believe that they are born weaker, more sensitive or with a greater natural inclination to cry. (ERROR)
10. What children need is more encouragement in their…………. years in order not to succumb to feelings of depression later on. (FORM)
PART 2
Complete the following passage with the correct forms of the given words
front sure intend affirm secure solid labour except tend alternate
We are (1)…………. by the experts that we are, as a species, designed for face-to-face communication. But does that really mean having every meeting in person? Ask the bleary-eyed sales team this question as they struggle (2)………….through their weekly teambuilding session and that answer is unlikely to be in the (3) ………….. Unless you work for a very small business or have a(n) (4)…………. high boredom threshold, you doubtless spend more time sitting in meetings than you want to. Of course, you could always follow business guru Archie Norman ’s example. He liked to express (5)…………. with customers queuing at the checkout by holding management meetings standing up.
Is email a realistic (6)…………. ? It’s certainly a powerful tool for disseminating information, but as a meeting substitute it’s seriously flawed. Words alone can cause trouble. We're all full of (7)…………. that can be (8)………….triggered by others and people are capable of reading anything they like into an email. There is also a (9)…………. for email to be used by people who wish to avoid ‘real’ encounters because they don’t want to be (10)………….with any awkwardness
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10pts)
There are ten mistakes in the following paragraph. Find them then give the correction
Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic. Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than absolute, term. When using to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but at the end they are still just labels. Few films are exclusive formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist. There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this distinct is often forgotten. Realism is a particular style, where physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of film, both realistic and formalistic. Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but what they do with this material - what they shape and manipulate it - determines their stylistic emphasis.
Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distortion. In photographing objects and events, the filmmaker tries to suggest the copiousness of life himself. Both realist and formalist film directors must select (and hence emphasize) certain details from the chaotic sprawl of reality. But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious. Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is unmanipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world. Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense. They deliberately stylize and distort their crude materials so that only the very naive should mistake a manipulated image of an object or event to the real thing.
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1…………….. 2…………….. 3…………….. 4…………….. 5…………….. 6…………….. 7…………….. 8…………….. 9……………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20pts)
Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain unchanged
1. It was only when the film had ended that I remembered to switch off the oven.
Not………………………………………………………………………………..
2. They think the manuscript was written by a fourteenth century scholar. (ATTRIBUTED) The manuscript……………………………………………………………………
3. Have you seen my glasses anywhere by any chance? (HAPPEN)
You……………………………………………………………………………….., do you?
4. Whatever happens, you must not go into my office without permission. (ACCOUNT)
On………………………………………………………………………………….
5. It's a good idea to take out a small loan to help start your business. (GROUND) It’s………………………………………………………………………………….
6. I've become extremely good at missing the rush hour over the last few weeks. (FINE)) I have got missing the rush hour …………………………………………………..
7. Although Rudy really didn’t want to play cricket on Sunday, he agreed in the end (DEAD)
Despite…………………………………………………………………………….
8. I tried to remember what has happened all those years before. (CAST)
I………………………………………………………………………………
9. My parents are furious with me for getting a tattoo and so have grounded me. (ARMS) My parents, who…………………………………………………………………..
10. Since the company’s methods were exposed in a newspaper, people have lost their good opinion of it (DISREPUTE)
Since…………………………………………………………………
TRƯỜNG THPT THỰC HÀNH CAO
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS)
I. PHONOLOGY (5PTS):
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. A. massage B. carriage C. voyage D. dosage 2. A. dimension B. expansion C. confusion D. tension 3. A. increase B. ink C. pink D. thank 4.. A. apology B. classify C. testify D. verify 5. A. beloved B. naked C. ploughed D. learned
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three. 1. A. obvious B. notorious C. credulous D. numerous 2. A. dialect B. diagram C. diagonal D. diamond 3. A. Europe B. monument C. province D. minority 4. A, obsolete B. complete C. compete D. deplete 5. A. consent B. obstinacy C. condolence D. equality
II. WORD CHOICE: (5PTS)
1. Hoang Anh Tuan ............... injury to win the Olympic silver. A. recovered B. suffered C. avoided D. overcame 2. In my father's.............. , it is essential to eat vegetable every day. A. idea B. opinion C. confidence D. principle 3. Last summer, we had ............... holiday in Spain A. a two week’s B. a two - weeks C. two - week D. a two - week 4. He retired early............ ill - health. A. on behalf of B. on account of C. believe D. imagine 5. Their eventual choice of house was ............by the time Peter would take to get to the office. A. related B. consequent C. determined D. dependent 6. He set one alarm-clock for five o’clock and the other for five past so as to............that he did not oversleep. A. assure B. ensure C. insure D. reassure 7. When Tim was eating a cherry, he accidentally swallowed the............. A. nut B. stone C. seed D. core 8. She loved tennis and could watch it till the............came home. A. she B. everyone C. horses D. cows 9. Could you close the window? There is a bit of a A. current B. wind C. draught D. breeze 10. Thousands of steel............were used as the framework of the new office block A. beams B. girders C. stakes D. piles
III. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR: (5PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 1. I am going to have my eye......... tomorrow. A. to test B. test C. testing D. tested 2. Nobody could hear her.. ..... she spoke too quietly. A. so B. however C. although D. because 3. Keep silent! My father....... in his room. A. is sleeping B. was sleeping C. has slept D. will be slept 4. He showed us the house............ he was born
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ĐẮK LẮK
NGUYÊN -
A. which B. where C. in where D. in that
5. Life here is much easier than it...........
A. would be B. used to be C. was D. had better 6 . Amy...............car had broken down, was in a very bad mood.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 7. He............. ever goes to bed before midnight
A. almost B. hardly C. nearly D. scarcely 8. You............ better be careful not to miss the train.
A. had B. would C. should D. did 9. I'd rather you............. at my party last night.
A. be B. were C. had been D. have been 10. Everyone was going away on holiday this week,...............?
A. wasn't it B. wasn't be C. weren’t they D. wasn’t she
IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS: (5PTS)
1. I'd like to contribute…………. the school Red Cross fund.
A. on B. to C. with D. for 2. Madrid is famous………….its pulls
A. as B. with C. for D. of 3. Will you …………. after the party.
A. call me off B. get me on C. take me up D. pick me up 4. The ceiling fans were on, but unfortunately they only ………….the hot, humid air.
A. stirred up B. poured through C. turned into D. cut back 5. Hardly had the van turned the corner when one of the back wheels………….
A. Broke away B. Turned around C. Came off D. Rolled down. 6. The government is thinking of bringing………….a law to make it compulsory for cyclists to wear crash helmets.
A. on B. up C. in D. round
7. The businessman inspected the contract carefully before signing it.
A. looked over B. looked out C. counted on D. look for 8. What's happening, John? The smoke alarm is ringing but there's no fire!
A. putting out B. going on C. hanging up D. going up 9. The fire fighters worked hard to put the fire………
A. off B. over C. on D. out
10. When do you think that we'll arrive at the hotel this evening?
A. get on B. go on C. get to D. get off
V. READING PASSAGE (10PTS)
Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.
PASSAGE 1:
Continents and ocean basins represent the largest identifiable bodies on Earth. On the solid portions of the planet, the second most prominent features are flat plains, elevated plateaus, and large mountain ranges. In geography, the term “continent” refers to the surface of continuous landmasses that together comprise about 29.2% of the planet’s surface. On the other hand, another definition is prevalent in the general use of the term that deals with extensive mainlands, such as Europe or Asia, that actually represent one very large landmass. Although all continents are bounded by water bodies or high mountain ranges, isolated mainlands, such as Greenland and India-Pakistan areas are called subcontinents. In some circles, the distinction between continents and large islands lies almost exclusively in the size of particular landmass.
The analysis of compression and tension in the earth's crust has determined that continental structures are composed of layers that underlie continental shelves. A great deal of disagreement among geologists
surrounds the issue of exactly how many layers underlie each landmass because of their distinctive mineral and chemical composition. It is also quite possible that the ocean floor rests on the top of unknown continents that have not yet been explored. The continental crust is believed to have been formed by means of a chemical reaction when lighter materials separated from heavier ones, thus settling at various levels within the crust. Assisted by the measurements of the specifics within crust formations by means of monitoring earthquakes, geologists can speculate that a chemical split occurred to form the atmosphere, sea water, and the crust before it solidified many centuries ago.
Although each continent has its special features, all consist of various combinations of components that include shields, mountain belts, intra-cratonic basins, margins, volcanic plateaus, and block-vaulted belts. The basic differences among continents lie in the proportion and the composition of these features relative to the continent size. Climatic zones have a crucial effect on the weathering and formation of the surface features, soil erosion, soil deposition, land formation, vegetation, and human activities.
Mountain belts are elongated narrow zones that have a characteristic folded sedimentary organization of layers. They are typically produced during substantial crustal movements, which generate faulting and mountain building. When continental margins collide, the rise of a marginal edge leads to the formation of large mountain ranges, as explained by the plate tectonic theory. This process also accounts for the occurrence of mountain belts in ocean basins and produces evidence for the ongoing continental plate evolution.
1. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. Continental drift and division
B. Various definitions of the term “continent” C. Continental structure and crust D. Scientific analyses of continental crusts
2. According to the passage, how do scientists define continents?
A. As masses of land without divisions B. As extensive bodies of land C. As the largest identifiable features D. As surgical compositions and ranges
3. In line 8, the word “bounded” is closest in meaning to …………. A. covered B. convened C. delimited D. dominated
4. The author of the passage implies that the disagreement among scientists is based on the fact that A. each continent has several planes and shelves B. continents have various underlying layers of crust C. continents undergo compression and experience tension D. continents have different chemical makeup
5. The word “specifics" in the passage is closest in meaning to………….. A. specialities B. speculations C. exact details D. precise movements
6. The word “it" in line 23 refers to A. a chemical split B. the crust C. the atmosphere D. sea water
7. The author of the passage implies that………….. A. it is not known exactly how the continental crust was formed B. geologists have neglected the exploration of the ocean floor C. scientists have concentrated on monitoring earthquakes D. the earth's atmosphere split into water and solids
8. According to the passage, what are the differences in the structure of continents? A. The proportional size of continents to one another B. Ratios of major components and their comparative size C. The distinctive features of their elements D. Climatic zones and their effect on the surface features
9. The author of the passage implies that………….. A. the process of mountain formation has not been accounted for
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B. mountain ranges on the ocean floor lead to surface mountain building
C. faulting and continental margins are parts of plate edges
D. the process of continent formation has not been completed
10. The word “evidence” in the last line is closest in meaning to…………...
A. eventually B. confirmation C. exemplification D. challenge
PASSAGE 2:
In this era of increased global warming and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, we must begin to put a greater priority on harnessing alternative energy sources. Fortunately, there are a number of readily available, renewable resources that are both cost- effective and earth - friendly. Two such resources are solar power and geothermal power. Solar energy, which reaches the earth through sunlight, is so abundant that it could meet the needs of worldwide energy consumption 6,000 times over. And solar energy is easily harnessed through the use of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity. In the US alone, more than 100, 000 homes are equipped with solar electric systems in the form of solar panels or solar roof tiles. And in other parts of the world, including many developing countries, the use of solar system is growing steadily.
Another alternative energy source, which is abundant in specific geographical areas, is geothermal power, which creates energy by tapping heat from below the surface of the earth. Hot water and steam that are trapped in underground pools are pumped to tile surface and used to run a generator, which is produces electricity. Geothermal energy is 50,000 times more abundant than the entire known supply of fossil fuel resources. And as with solar power, the technology needed to utilize geothermal energy is fairly simple. A prime example of effective geothermal use is in Iceland, a region of high geothermal activity where over 80 percent of private homes are heated by geothermal power. Solar and geothermal energy are just two of promising renewable alternatives to conventional energy sources. The time is long overdue to invest in the development and use of alternative energy on global scale.
1. What is the main topic of this passage ?
A. The benefits of solar and wind power over conventional energy sources.
B. How energy resources are tapped from nature.
C. Two types of alternative energy sources that should be further utilized.
D. Examples of the use of energy sources worldwide.
2. According to the passage, why should we consider using alternative energy sources?
A. Because fossil fuels are no longer available.
B. Because global warming has increased the amount of sunlight that reaches the earth.
C. Because they are free and available worldwide.
D. Because conventional energy resources are being depleted, and they cause environmental damage.
3. Which of the following words could best replace the word “harnessing”
A. Capturing B. Harassing C. Depleting D. Exporting
4. According to the passage, what can be inferred about solar roof tiles?
A. They are being used in many undeveloped countries,
B. They can convert geothermal energy to electricity.
C. They are more expensive than solar panels.
D. They contain photovoltaic cells.
5. According to the passage, how is solar energy production similar to geothermal energy production ?
A. They both require the use of a generator.
B. They both use heat from the earth’s surface, C. They both require fairly simple technology.
D. They are both conventional and costly.
6. Where is the best place in the passage to insert the following sentence: “Although the US is not utilizing geothermal resources to this extent, the Western US has a similar capacity to generate geothermal power ”
A. after the phrase “earth-friendly”
B. after the phrase “ growing steadily”
C. after the phrase “by geothermal power”
D. after the phrase “global scale”
7. According to the passage, which of the following is true about solar power ?
A. There is very little of it available in Iceland.
B. It is being used in 100, 000 private homes worldwide.
C. It is 6,000 times more powerful than energy from fossil fuels.
D. There is enough of it to far exceed the energy needs of the world.
8. What can be inferred about the use of geothermal energy in Iceland?
A. It is widely used form of energy for heating homes.
B. Twenty percent of the geothermal energy created is used to heat businesses.
C. It is not effective for use in private homes.
D. It is 80 times more effective than traditional forms of energy.
9. What does the author imply about alternative energy sources ?
A. Many different types of alternative energy sources exist.
B. Most alternative energy sources are too impractical for private use.
C. Alternative energy is too expensive for developing countries to produce.
D. Solar and geothermal energy are the effective forms of alternative power
10. What best describes the author’s purpose in writing the passage ?
A. To warn people about the hazards of fossil fuel use.
B. To describe the advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy use.
C. To convince people of the benefits of developing alternative energy sources.
D. To outline the problems and solutions connected with global warming.
VI. GUIDED CLOZE (10
PTS)
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
PASSAGE 1:
Clean freshwater resources are essential for drinking, bathing, cooking, irrigation, industry, and for plant and animal (1)………... Unfortunately, the global supply of freshwater is (2)………... unevenly. Chronic water shortages (3)………...in most of Africa and drought is common over much of the globe. The (4)………... of most freshwater supplies - groundwater (water located below the soil surface), reservoirs, and rivers - are under severe and (5)………... environmental stress because of overuse, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation. Over 95 percent of urban sewage in (6)………... countries is (7)………... untreated into surface waters such as rivers and harbors. About 65 percent of the global freshwater supply is used in (8)………... and 25 percent is used in industry. Freshwater (9)………...therefore requires a reduction in wasteful practices like (10)………...irrigation, reforms in agriculture and industry, and strict pollution controls worldwide.
1. A. survive B. survived C. surviving D. survival 2. A. delivered B. distributed C. provided D. given 3. A. exist B. lie C. show D. stay 4. A. resources B. springs C. sources D. starting 5. A. increasing B. growing C. climbing D. ascending 6. A. growing B. miserable C. poverty D. developing 7. A. recharged B. discharged C. charged D. discharging 8. A. farming B. planting C. agriculture D. growing 9. A. reservation B. conservation C. preservation D. retention 10. A. ineffective B. illogical C. irrational D. inefficient
PASSAGE 2:
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My wife and I have always enjoyed travelling by sea, and last year we decided to go for a Mediterranean cruise (1)………….. our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accomadation, the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well (2)………….. the price we paid.
We found that most of the other passagers were friendly and interesting, but there was a man, Mr James, who irrated and annoyed us, and not (3)…………..us but all the others who shared our table at dinner. Whatever subject we talked about, it seemed that he was an expert (4)………….. He, had, apparently, read more books, visited more countries and studied more languages, than anyone else. After a few days, we ate our meals in (5)………….., because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken (6)………….. by this man.
Then my wife had an idea. Fortunately, the ship had a library, and she suggested that we (7)………….. think of an unsual subject, look it up in encyclopaedia and then talk about it at dinner. If it were unusual enough Mr James could not (8)………….. know anything about it. The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century” . At diner that night we discussed this subject with (9) enthusiam. Mr James was silent. We realised we had at last (10)…………..to find something he knew nothing about.
B. WRITTEN TEST (70PTS)
I. CLOZE TEST (70PTS):
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
PASSAGE 1:
THE WORLD OF DREAMS
Most people feel that when they dream, they (0) are carried off to another world. (1)………….. the contrary, dreams are often connected to our daily lives. (2)………….. our whole mind (3)…………..filled with something, when we are either very upset or when we are in good spirit, à dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often said that we benefit from dreams because they help the spirit to heal itself, when things (5)………….. wrong. Dreams are therefore a kind of escape, almost a holiday from (6) …… life, with its fears and responsibilities. It is, (7)………….. , a strange (8)………….. of holiday because whether we have a wonderful time or whether it turns (9)………….. to be a nightmare, we quickly forget it. Most dreams disappear forever, (10)…………..you are one of those people disciplined enough to write them down as soon as you wake up.
PASSAGE 2:
LOOKING FOR A JOB
I finished university six month (11)………….. , I've got a degree in business administration. I enjoyed the course very much (12)…………... I realize I should have studied a lot harder! A few of my friends have already got full-time jobs but most, me, are still waiting (13)…………..something suitable to turn up. Meanwhile, I make sure that I keep myself busy. I look through the job advertisements (14)………….. the newspapers every day and I also ask all the people I know to tell me if they hear of any vacancies (15)…… they work . What I am looking for is something challenging and I would certainly be happy to move to another city or even work abroad for a while. The (16)…………..is not so important at this stage, provided I earn enough to live on, because I don’t want to continue. having to depend on my parents, although they are (17)………….. generous to me. At the moment, I'm working in a nearby restaurant two evenings (18)…………..week, washing up and generally helping out, which brings a little money. The other people working there are very friendly, and many of them are in the same (19)…………..as me, so we have lots of to talk (20) …………..
II. WORD FORMATION (20PTS)
PART 1: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word given:
1. She left school with good………….. (QUALIFY)
2. The bride was ………….. dressed in white. (STYLE)
3. The………….. of the agriculture in our country is very necessary. (ELECTRIFY)
4. Jim’s …………..of the crime only made matters worse. (DENY)
5. You can raise your hand to show that you need ………….. (ASSIST)
6. We had the phone………….. because we are moving tomorrow. (CONNECT)
7................... there are black holes in space . (THEORY)
8. One of the aims of the organization is to provide………….. aid to the refugees. (HUMAN)
9. Dozens of…………..are injured on the city road each year. (CYCLE)
10. It was…………..of him to leave the children on their own in the pool. (RESPONSE)
PART 2: Read the text below. Fill in each of blank space with the correct form of the word from the box
interrupt pleasant converse impress dominate mean research argue listen house
Some recent research into (1)................between men and women has produced results which will surprise few women. Men are always interrupting women when they talk. One (2)................feels that men regard female talk as a kind of conversational (3).............. They expect women to play a supporting role. So a man interrupts in a display of (4)........... ...of control. Men also have a much more (5) ................listening style. Whereas a woman uses gestures or say: “mm”, a man will say such thing as “ring” or “okay” thus settle the stage for an (6)................ Conversation of this kind, then, hardly has (7)................communication. Male talk is often (8)................while women are more tentative, asking more questions and tending to build up their replies on what the other person had said. The research would indicate that women are better (9)..... than men. Yet, listening secretly to conversation between groups of women, one has the (10)................of several simultaneous monologues into man would be able to get a chance to speak.
III. ERRORCORRECTIO N (10PTS):
There are ten mistakes in the following passage. Find and correct them
Man has always depended on plants of food and many other useful products. For this reason, farming is that of the world’s most important industries. At firstly, early man did not know how to plant seeds and raise crops. He gathered wild fruits and vegetables where he found them. Then man discovered how to grow his own food. He planted seeds and waited for the crop to grow. For the first time, he could be reasonable sure of his food supply. He could settle down and build shelters in the places which he grew food. Population began to increase; the demand for food became greater. Old-fashioned tools and farming methods were inefficient in meeting the demand. So man cultivated more still more land and invented more complicated machines to make his work easier. Tractors replaced horses and other farm animals. Scientists studied and experimented with plants. They told farmers how to control plant diseases, and how too grow bigger and gooder crops. Now another man, with the knowledge of plants and the help of machines, can cultivate hundred of acres. He can raise plants which did not originally grow in the soil or climate of his community.
1………………. 2………………. 3………………. 4………………. 5………………. 6………………. 7………………. 8………………. 9………………. 10.……………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20PTS)
* Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it
1. Even though I admire his courage, I think he’s foolish.
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2. Experts think that all dogs evolved from wolves. All dons...................................................... ....................... .................................
3. The university didn’t prepare to consider his application due to his lack of right qualifications. Had .. ............................................
4. If you find it necessary, you can contact me on this number. Should................................ ............
* Write a new sentence similar in meaning to the one given, using the word give n in brackets. Do not alter the word in any way 5. Many people nowadays find it increasingly difficult to exist on the money they earn (ENDS) Many............................................... 6. I've lost interest in going to the same place all the time. (FED UP) I've ........................ .. .. .. .. ............................................... ............ .................... 7. Mary is proud of being a good cook. (PRIDES) Mary.................................................................................................................... 8. The rain was coming down in torrents. (CATS) The rain ............................................................................................................... 9. They arrived at their destination alive and kicking. (SOUND) They ..............................................
10. The police caught the burglar in the process of committing the crime. (RED) The burglar .......................................
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN THIỆN THÀNH - TRÀ VINH
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 pts) I. WORD CHOICE (10 pts) Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. I asked him what to do but his instruction were so…………that I still didn’t understand. A. inexplicable B. muddled C. garbled D. illegible 2. The police are looking for a short,………… man with a beard. A. average B. stocky C. petite D. tallish 3. Mary was so angry that she …………to see the manager. A. requested B. required C. risked D. demanded 4. The whole building collapsed, but fortunately there were no………… A. wounded B. casualties C. hurt D. victims 5. He left the meeting early on the unlikely………… that he had a sick friend to visit. A. claim B. excuse C. pretext D. motive 6. The weather is so awful that I don’t…………going out this evening. A. fancy B. like C. try D. want 7. He sat in the corner,…………with anger about the treatment he received from his boss. A. washing B. boiling C. simmering D. peeling 8. I was…………by his lack of intelligence. I couldn’t believe anyone could be so stupid. A. shattered B. staggered C. speechless D. startled 9. This has been an incredibly…………month. A. hectic B. flustered C. wound up D. harassed 10. She may be ………… but she seems to end up annoying a lot of people. A. well-meaning B. ill-advised C. smooth-tongued D. widely-known
2. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (10 pts) 1. I supposed, as…………we all, that the meeting would be cancelled. A. just B. would C. equally D. did 2. A study has been made of the microbiology of rock surfaces and ………… stones. A. weathered B. rugged C. jagged D. rough 3. Well, it…………but will it taste the same? A. is smelling good B. is smelling well C. smells good D. smells well 4. You…………in this report to the managing director personally. Do you understand? A. are to hand B. would like to hand C. may have handed D. would sooner hand 5. ………… up early, he would have caught the early train. A. Were he to get B. If he got C. Had he not got D. Were he to have got 6. You should be very glad that Bob didn’t recognize you that night. Can you imagine his fury if he……? A. had B. did C. did not D. would have 7. The research suggests that infants………… highly susceptible to allergy at the first 3 months. A. should be B. are C. will be D. being 8. When reaching the top of the hill,………… . A. we suddenly caught sight of the sea B. it was the sea that extended below us C. we extended the sea below us D. the sea came into view 9. Consumers should boycott all products………… has involved the use of child labour. A. who manufacture B. whose manufacturers C. which manufacture D. whose manufacture 10. Such………… that the firefighters could not get near it.
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A. hot was the fire B. the fire was hot C. the heat was of the fire D. was the heat of the fire
3. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10 pts)
1. I just want to settle………… and start a family before I got too old.
A. in B. through C. down D. up 2. She spent twenty years studying the history of London. She knows it…………out. A. through B. inside C. all D. over
3. Capita! punishment was done………… in Britain nearly half a century ago. A. out for B. away with C. off by D. over from
4. He wants to pay the bill himself, but I won't hear………… it.
A. from B. about C. of D. for 5. This situation is analogous …………the one we had faced last year.
A. for B. in C. from D. to 6. When John was arrested for drunken driving, he expected to lose his driving license, but he was with a fine.
A. let through B. let off C. got away D. kept away
7. My wife checks ………… our elderly neighbour every few days to make sure that he's alright.
A. on B. in C. at D. out
8. The rain ran………… the roof of the house.
A. on B. onto C. from D. into 9. You may come………… different kinds of problems when you first settle in a different country. A. out with B. into C. up with D. up against 10. A Japanese company tried to ………… the deal. A. get in on B. get on with C. catch up on D. walk in on
IV. IDIOMS & COLLOCATIONS (10 pts)
Choose the right phrase in the box to complete each of the following sentences. Use each phrase only ONCE and write your answer in the numbered box
1. I'm sick and ………… of studying grammar.
A. cross B. ill C. tired D. bored
2. No, I don't want to watch a war film. I don’t like to see too much blood and………… A. guts B. tears C. pain D. bone
3. Mice………… !
A. give me creeps B. give me the creep C. give me the creeps D. give me creep
4. When his parents are away, his eldest brother…………. A. knocks it off B. calls the shots C. draws the line D. is in the same boat
5. I will do everything in my…………to rescue the victims. A. ability B. power C. mind D. effort
6. Be careful or he'll take you for a…………
A. trick B. cheat C. fraud D. ride
7. Just because Laura makes a lot of money, everyone expects her to …………all the bills.
A. foot B. stand C. run D. carry
8. My sister told me to pack some trousers and shirts for the trip ,………… , not to forget my toothbrush. A. after all B. but more or less C. before long D. but above all
9. His English was roughly …………with my Greek, so communication was rather difficult!
A. level B. on a par C. equal D. in tune
10. I didn’t want to make a decision………… so I said I’d like to think about it.
A. on and off B. in one go C. there and then D. at a stroke
V. READING COMPREH ENSION (20pts)
READING 1: Read the following passage and choose the best answer
MAGINOT LINE
The Maginot Line was one of the largest military structures ever built, second only to the Great Wall of China. It was a series of bunkers, forts, turrets, and obstacles that spanned more than 450 miles of France's border with Germany. Built between 1930 and 1940, it was one of the world's most impressive forts, yet it proved to be almost useless.
The Maginot Line was named after the man who argued for its construction, French Minister of War André Maginot. André Maginot had fought with the French against the Germans in the First World War. Much of this conflict took place along the. Western Front, which was a line of trenches across which the two sides faced one another. Both sides dug in deep and each lost many men over little ground. Conditions were horrid for all and there was a stalemate for many years as neither side was able to move the other. Maginot never forgot these awful conditions. He wanted to build a line of defenses that would give the French an advantage in a similar conflict. He feared, rightfully so, that the Germans would attack France again. Germany's population nearly doubled France's. The line of defenses that Maginot pictured would allow a smaller French army to hold off a larger German force. In 1929, Maginot convinced the French Parliament to fund his vision.
Though calling it a line makes it seem thin, the Maginot Line was in fact quite deep. It was fifteen miles wide at some points and varied in structure. There were outposts disguised as houses. These were manned by troops and rigged with explosives. There were antitank rails and obstacles. These were planted in the ground to prevent tanks and trucks from passing. There were bunkers armed with mounted machine guns and anti-tank guns. These were for pushing back attackers. And there were many large and small fortresses along the line. Each had mess halls, lots of supplies, and air conditioning. The Maginot line would give the French a supreme edge in the case of a head-on invasion by the Germans.
Unfortunately for the French, the Germans did not attack head-on. They positioned a decoy army in front of the line to distract the French. While the French waited, the Germans snuck a larger force through Belgium. Belgium is France’s northeastern neighbor. The French did have some defenses along their border with Belgium, but this part of the Maginot line was weak. The Germans made quick work of these defenses. Within five days of their initial attack they were well into France.
Once they were in France, the Germans attempted to seize the main forts along the Maginot Line. They were not successful. The forts had proved to be strong, but they failed to hold back the Germans. The Germans had taken Paris, France's capital city. Soon after the French commander ordered his men to stand down. He commanded the French defenders to leave their bases along the Maginot Line. These soldiers were then ta ken to POW camps.
While the Maginot Line did not work in the way that the French had hoped, they did benefit by having built it. Belgium and England were strong allies. England had pledge d to protect Belgium . Belgium declared itself a neutral country, one which wanted to stay out of wars. When Germany invaded Belgium to bypass the Maginot Line, they violate d Belgium's neutrality . This led to England entering the war sooner.
Though the Maginot Line is no longer used militarily, many of the buildings remain. Some of the forts are now wine cellars or mushroom farms. One was turned into a disco club. Today the Maginot Line is often used as a metaphor. People may refer to a failed project in which someone placed a lot of hope as a Maginot Line. Also, the Maginot Line lives on as the best-known symbol of the common saying that "generals always fight the last war."
1. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The Maginot Line provided absolutely no benefit to the French.
B. The Maginot Line is still used by the French army today.
C . Maginot's experiences during WWI led to his support for the line.
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D. The French were betrayed by the Belgians during World War II.
2. Which best expresses the author's purpose in writing the fourth paragraph ?
A. To persuade readers that the Maginot Line was not at all thin.
B. To inform reader s of the types of defenses along the Maginot Line,
C. To describe what the inside of the Maginot Line looked like.
D. To com pare and contrast defenses along the Maginot Line.
3. Which best describes the weakness of the Maginot Line?
A. It was built from cheap material and could not resist attack.
B. Poor screening let spies take control of the forts from within,
C. The line was not fortified along France's border with Belgium .
D. The French underestimated the power of newer German tanks.
4. Which of the following is a false statement?
A. André Maginot fought against the French in the First World War.
B. André Maginot served as the Minister of War for France.
C. The Maginot Line is named after André Maginot.
D. After WWI, André Maginot believed that Germ any would attack France again.
5. Which best explains why André Maginot wanted to build up France's defense rather than their offense?
A. After WWI, France and Germany became history's greatest allies.
B. France needed protection from the Germans and the hostile Belgians.
C. Maginot feared that French commanders might invade Germany if they had the power.
D. France had far fewer people than Germany and needed to save manpower.
6. Which best defines the meaning of the word stalemate as it is used in the second paragraph?
A. When troops lose morale because they miss their families
B. When two sides are locked in a draw
C. When breathing is made difficult by foul odors
D. When one side has a large advantage over the other
7. Which best expresses the main idea of the last paragraph of this text?
A. It describes how the Maginot Line is still used today.
B. It restates the main points of the text.
C. It discusses how the French used the Maginot Line during World War II.
D. It explains how the Maginot Line is used as a symbol.
8. How did the French lose control of the Maginot Line?
A. The Germans overtook the fortresses with military power.
B. The Germans tunneled into the fortresses using new technology,
C. The French were starved out of the fortresses by German siege.
D. The French surrendered the fortresses.
9. Which was NOT pail of Germany's strategy to invade France in World War II?
A. Position a decoy force in front of the Maginot Line
B. Sneak troops into France by tunneling underneath the Maginot Line
C. Bring a large army through Belgium
D. Move very quickly
10. Which title best expresses the main idea of this text?
A. Undefeatable: How the Maginot Line Became the World's Strongest Fortress
B. André Maginot: France's Greatest Patriot
C. Strong as the Weakest Link: The Mighty Maginot Wall and Its Shortcomings
D. Blood Feud: The History of War Between France and Germany
READING 2: Read the following passage and choose the best answer
THE DOT-COM ERA
The late 1990s was a volatile time for the Internet entrepreneur. There were a large number of new
high-tech and Internet-based businesses being started up, some based on little more than dreams. And, nearly any entrepreneur with a high-tech or Internet-based business plan could receive a large amount of money from investors to develop the business. These businesses were called dot-coms” after the last part of their Internet addresses, and that time in business history has become known as the dot-com era. Most dotcom ventures failed as the inconsistencies between high-tech dreams and realities clarified, but a handful of entrepreneurs from that time remain successful today.
Many people look back at the dot-com era with a certain amount of cynicism. Some charge that there were entrepreneurs who deliberately mislead investors about the potential of their business plans; that they had the ulterior motive of getting their hands on large amounts of cash before anything else - a ploy that some say was common in the dot-corn era. By 2001, most of the dot-coms had disappeared and were sarcastically referred to as 11 dot-bombs.” By the time the hype died down, incredible amounts of money had been lost. This is an unfortunate legacy of the dotcom era.
Why did companies like Microsoft, Apple, and Google find success, whilst so many others disappeared? There is no concise answer, but one interesting coincidence is that many of them were started by two or more entrepreneurs working in conjunction with each other. At Microsoft, Bill Gates and Paul Allen complemented each other; Apple had Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak; and we owe Google to the rapport between founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin.
Besides collaborating with others, today’s entrepreneurs need to be able to think on. their feet because the business situation changes so quickly. Entrepreneurs need to do constant research to keep track of changing trends. Today 's entrepreneurs need to be hardworking and tenacious - the easy money of the dotcorn era is history. Experimentation and innovation a critical in a rapidly changing and highly competitive marketplace.
It seems that the mistakes of the dot-corn era have shown the world what the high-tech economy truly is - and what it isn’t. It isn’t a place where anyone with a dream can get rich. It is, however, a powerful and flexible business environment where people with sound business ideas and effective business models can work together to produce successful business innovations - sometimes very successful ones indeed. But, as has always been true in the business world, there is no substitute for thorough planning and hard work.
1. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To expose the negative side of the dot-com era B. To explain the history and qualities of a type of entrepreneur C. To convince the: reader to become an entrepreneur D. To show how being an entrepreneur is easier today than ever before
2. According to the passage, it was easy to get money from investors in the dotcom era is most probably because…………
A. investors were mainly Internet entrepreneurs B. investors didn’t expect to get their money back in those days C. investors were confused about the potential of high-tech business ideas D. investors knew that any idea would succeed
3. According to the passage, many people look back on the dot-corn era with cynicism because………… A. many companies misled their investors B. they are jealous of the success of dot-coms C. the level of technology was so much lower then D. there were no true entrepreneurs in that era
4. According to the passage, some people referred to dot-corns as “dot bombs” by 2001 probably because
A. most dot-corn companies were short-lived failures B. dot-corn companies started up extremely quickly C. some dot-corns became extremely successful D. many people wished to eliminate dot-corn businesses
5. According to the passage, what do Microsoft, Apple, and Google all have in common?
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A. They all produce high-quality computers.
B. They are all cynical about dot-corns.
C. They all have a good rapport with each other.
D. They were all developed by more than one person.
6. Which quality of today’s entrepreneurs is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. They need to be able to think on their feet.
B. They need to work in more than one company at a time,
C. They need to collaborate with others.
D. They need to do constant research.
7. According to the passage, what have we learned from the dot-com era?
A. That most high-tech arid Internet-based businesses will succeed
B. That anyone with a dream can get rich in today’s environment
C. That sound business ideas and effective plans are needed for success
D. That investors should give money freely to new companies
8. What does the word “their” in line 5 refer to?
A. Entrepreneurs B. Businesses C. Investors D. Ventures
9. The word “inconsistencies” in paragraph 1 almost means…………..
A. incompatibilities B. changeability C. inconstancy D. contradiction
10. The word “rapport” in paragraph 1 closely means…………..
A. intimate relationship B. sympathy
C. bondage D. mutual understanding
IV. CLOZE TEST: (20 pts)
CLOZE TEST 1: Read the following passage, and choose the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks
A LACK OF COMMUNICATION
Recent research has revealed that a third of people in Britain have not met their (1)…………neighbors, and those who know each other (2) ………….. speak. Neighbors gossiping over garden fences and in the street was a common (3)………….. in the 1950s, says Dr Carl Chinn, an expert on local communities. Now, however, longer hours spent working at the office, together with the Internet and satellite television, are eroding neighborhood (4)…………... ‘Poor neighborhoods once had strong kinship, but now prosperity buys privacy,’ said Chinn.
Professor John Locke, a social scientist at Cambridge University, has analyzed a large (5)………….. of surveys. He found that in America and Britain the amount of time spent in social activity is decreasing. A third of people said they never spoke to their neighbors at (6) …………... Andrew Mayer, 25, a strategy consultant, rents a large apartment in west London, with two flatmates, who work in e-commerce. ‘We have a family of teachers upstairs and lawyers below, but our only contact comes via letters (7)………….. to the communal facilities or complaints that we've not put out our bin bags properly,’ said Mayer.
The (8)…………..of communities can have serious effects. Concerned at the rise in burglaries and (9) …………..of vandalism, the police have relaunched crime prevention schemes such as Neighborhood Watch, (10)…………..on people who live in the same area to keep an eye on each others’ houses and report anything they see which is unusual.
1. A. side-on B. next-door C. close-up D. nearside
2. A. barely B. roughly C. nearly D. virtually
3. A. outlook B. view C. vision D. sight
4. A. ties B. joints C. strings D. laces
5. A. deal B. amount C. number D. measure
6. A. least B. once C. all D. most
7. A. concerning B. regarding C. applying D. relating
8. A. breakout B. breakthrough C. breakdown D. breakaway
9. A. acts B. shows C. counts D. works
10. A. asking B. calling C. inviting D. trying
CLOZE TEST 2:
Read tile following passage, and choose the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks
The joys and tribulations of being a pet owner! During our lifetime most of us have some experience of either owning a pet or being in (1) ……………contact with someone who does. Is there such a thing as “the ideal pet”? If so, what goes to make up the ideal pet? Various (2)…………… influence one's choice of pet, from your reasons for getting a pet to your lifestyle. For example, although quite a few pets are relatively cheap to buy, the cost of (3)……………can be considerable. Everything must be (4 )……… into account, from food and bedding, to vaccinations and veterinary bills. You must be prepared to (5) time on your pet, shopping for it, cleaning and feeding it. Pets can be demanding and a big responsibility. Are you prepared to exercise and housetrain an animal or do you prefer a more independent pet? How much (6) ……………room do you have? Is it right to lock an energetic animal into a (7) …………… space? Do you live near a busy road which may threaten the life of your pet? Pets (8)…………… turtles and goldfish can be cheap and convenient, but if you prefer affection pets a friendly cat or dog would be more (9) ……………. People get pets for a number of reasons: for company, security or to teach responsibility, especially to children. Pets can be affectionate and’ loyal and an excellent source of company as long as you know what pet (10) …………… you and your lifestyle.
- tribulation (n) /¸tribju´leiʃən/ nỗi đau khổ, nỗi khổ cực; sự khổ não
1.A. near B. close C. narrow D. tight 2. A. measures B. elements C. factors D. points 3. A. upkeep B. maintenance C. upbringing D. raising 4. A. considered B. held C. taken D. kept 5. .A. take B. waste C. occupy D. spend 6. A. free B. spare C. empty D. vacant 7. A. confined B. detained C. reduced D. closed 8. A. so that B. as for C. as if D. such as 9. A. suited B. appropriate C. likely D. good 10. A. fits B. matches C. suits D. goes with
B. WRITTEN TEST (70pts)
1. OPEN
CLOZE TEST (20 points)
OPEN CLOS E TEST 1: Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
MARKETS
Most people in Britain and the US now buy their fresh food in supermarkets rather than traditional markets. But markets are still important (1)………… the life of many cities and towns and in recent years farmers' markets, where local farmers and others sell (2)………… or home-made foods directly to the public, have grown in popularity.
In Britain, most markets are held in the open air, in town squares or market places. They usually take (3)…………only on market day, the same day each week, and sometimes on Saturday, and the stalls are put (4)………… for each occasion. Towns where markets have traditionally been held are called market towns. Many still have a market cross, indicating where the market was originally held, or an old market (5) …………, a covered area open at the sides. Today, markets (6)………… flowers, fruit and vegetables, fish and meat, clothes and household goods.
Some towns and cities in Britain and the US have a (7)…………or indoor market. These markets are usually open more days of the week than outdoor markets and operate more like shops. Markets that sell cheap second-hand goods, (8)………… clothes, jewellery and books are called flea markets. In the
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US, these are usually in buildings and open during normal shopping hours.
The word market is sometimes used in American English to (9)………… to any food shop. A(10)…………of superstore in both Britain and the US is a very large store or supermarket.
OPEN CLOSE TEST 2: Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space
Face-to-face conversation is a (1) …………. process: you speak to me, I reply to you and so on. Twoway (2)………….depends on having a coding system that is understood by both (3)…………. and receiver, and an agreed convention about signalling the beginning and end of the (4)………….. In speech, the coding system is a language like English or Spanish; the convention that one person speaks at a time may seem too obvious to (5)………….. In fact, the signals that people use in conversations and meetings are often non-verbal. For example, lowering the pitch of the (6)…………. may mean the end of a sentence; a sharp intake of breath (7)…………. signal the desire to interrupt, catching the chairman’s (8)…………. may indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting (9)…………. a debate; a clenched fist may indicate anger. When these (10)………….signals are not possible, more formal signals may be needed.
II. WORD FORMS (20pts)
PART 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts)
1. Janet had to ………………..from team because of injury. (draw)
2. The mountain roads are often………………. in winter. (pass)
3. It is not possible for everyone to put their own……………….. on the law. (interpret)
4. Many people think that the famine was a result of the civil war, but it is………………... (truth)
5. You'll need to be a little more…………if you want to hold their attention to your writings. (imagine)
6. Andi has correctly………… the order of a pack of cards in just 31.16 seconds. (memory)
7. A…………is a person who writes a book, etc. for another person, under whose name it is then published. (write)
8. Don’t believe what they said. I think they are………… witnesses. (worth)
9. William Shakespeare is probably the most famous in history. (play)
10. The ………… answer to my question was “no”. (vary)
PART 2: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided. (10 pts)
use anxiety act emotion order treat respiration tense term digest
THE EFFECTS OF STRESS
There is a famous expression in English. “Stop the world, I want to get off .” This expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. “Stress” means pressure or (11)…………. It is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, (12) …………., and mental health problems.
Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the (13) ………….system. It can lead to asthma. It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomach aches and problems of (14)…………. food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel (15)………….They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often (16)…………. to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
(17)………….stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of (18)………….of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating (19) . , such as anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one’s mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects the emotions. (20) ……… , it may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a great influence on the health and well-being of our bodies, our feelings, and our minds. Then, try to reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)
Read the text below and find 10 words which should not be there. Underline the 10 words and correct them
The Statue of Liberty is the famous statue that stands in Liberty Island in New York Harbour. At a height of 151 feet, it is extremely tall. The statue was a gift to the United States from the people of France, and over the years it had become a symbol of freedom. Many people think an American designed it, but it was in fact created by a French artist, Frederic Bartholdi.
The designer tried many designs and models, included children and animals, before he chose a female figure, wearing a gown and cloak, holding a torch high above his head. The statue’s body looks like a Greek goddess. In the early drawings, the statue's face was going to look like the president’s wife, and Bartholdi decided to copy the face of Charlotte Beysser, Bartholdi’s mother.
Bartholdi decided to make the skin of copper sheets. This was a good choice because the workmen were able to lift and work with the sheets with no difficulty. He considered other cheaper metals but thought they might be so hard to work with because of its weight.
On October 28th 1886, the President of the United States opened the Statue of Liberty in a ceremony in front of a huge, exciting crowd. The President gave a long speech, and Bartholdi was asked to give one too but he refused because he was a shy man. A fireworks display was delayed until November 1st because of poor weather, but the parade went ahead as plan.
1……………. 2……………. 3……………. 4……………. 5……………. 6……………. 7……………. 8……………. 9……………. 10…………….
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
(20 pts) A. Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it
Wash vegetables before eating them.
Vegetables……………………………………………………………………..
New road developments pose a major threat to these ancient woodlands.
These ancient…………………………………………………………………..
You will have to give up the whole idea.
I have no………………………………………………………………………..
He had a strong impulse to open the letter.
He couldn’t resist………………………………………………………………
It can be conclude from the research, heart diseases correlate with smoking. → The research shows a………………………………………………………….. B. For each of the following sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way. 6. The diplomat has been arrested because it is believed he has been spying for his government. (SUSPICION)
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1.
→
2.
→
3.
→
4.
→
5.
→ The diplomat…………………………………………………………………..
7. He got up very early this morning. (CRACK )
→ He……………………………………………………………………………...
8. They remained close friends, despite having had many differences. (FALLEN)
→ Though ………………………………………………………………………..
9. I resent the way that she clearly feels herself to be superior to me. (NOSE)
→ I am ……………………………………………………………………………
10. Fortunately his route took him very near where they lived. (LUCK)
→ As………………………………………………………………………………
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN QUANG
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 pts)
I. WORD C HOICE (10 pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. Whenever she feels stressful, she listens to Beethoven's ninth………… A. classical music B. symphony C. folk song D. tunes
2. The transport strikes a real…………. , which will make it very difficult for me to get to work. A. pain in the back B. nuisance C. last straw D. frustration
3. ………….benefits include a new car and free health insurance.
A. Well B. Fringe C. Edge D. Verge
4. Ex-smokers often show their………….to smokers due to their great effort and success. A. pride B. gesture C. behaviour D. millitancy
5. Wouldn't it be nice if we all had the time and money to………….off to France for a week? A. swan B. worm C. wolf D. beaver
6. You really shouldn’t buy that car. I know the engine is fine, but most of the bodywork has been ……… away by rust.
A. eaten B. dissolved C. erased D. crumbled
7. Surgeons now can do miracles to their physical … . which used to be unbeatable. A. conditions B. wrongdoings C. malfunctions D. abnormalities 8. As an ecotourism …………., the park provides visitors with beautiful landscape.
A. site B. park C. place D. land 9. A trick in the mining industry is …………. to bring about a shortage of coal in the near future. A. causing B. resulting C. threatening D. prospering 10. Because of an unfortunate …………., your order was not dispatched by the date requested. A. hindrance B. oversight C. negligence D. transgression
II. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (10 pts)
1. The early railroads were…………. the existing arteries of transportation: roads, turnpikes, canals, and other waterways. A. those short lines connected B. short lines that connected C. connected by short lines D. short connecting lines
2. When wood, natural gas, oil, or any other fuel burns,………….with oxygen in the air to produce heat. A. combining substances in the fuel B. substances in the fuel that combine C. substances in the fuel combine D. a combination of substances in the fuel
3. If only the neighbor…………. a pet fish, not a dog which always barks. A. is having B. were having C. had had D. would have 4. Not only………….in the project, but he also wanted to become the leader. A. did Jack involve B. had Jack been involved C. was Jack involved D. was involved Jack 5. …………., what would you bring back? A. Think of going to Africa B. Imagine to go to Africa C. If you should go to Africa D. Supposing you went to Africa 6. Luisa does a full-time job and…………. A. looks after also the house B. looks after the house either C. also looks after the house D. looks after the house too 7…………. dangerous the situation is, Jim always indulges himself in it head first. A. In spite of B. No matter what C. However D. Though 8. Not until I received the letter of announcement, A. I could recognize how bad the situation was
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DI
B. could I recognize how bad was the situation C. how bad the situation was I recognized D. did I recognize how bad the situation was 9. The competition………….; but you failed to enter it. A. must have provided you with opportunities B. could have provided you with opportunities C. should have provided you with opportunities D. may have had provisions for your opportunities 10…………., we couldn't make out the gist of the passage.
A. Carefully as Jack explained B. As Jack carefully explained C. Due to Jack’s carefully explanations D. Though carefully explained by Jack
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10 pts)
1. The police………….a good deal of criticism over their handling of the demonstration. A. came in for B. brought about C. went down with D. opened up 2. I can’t ………….what he’s doing; it’s so dark down there. A. look into B. make out C. show up D. see through 3. Dave didn't understand what Miss Smith was getting ………….so he asked her to explain it again. A. about B. for C. over D. at 4. We are…………. very good terms………….our next-door neighbor. A. in/ of B. in/ with C. on/ of D. on/ with 5. I was taken…………. when Michaela said I’d hurt her feelings. A. out B. along C. aback D. up 6. Eating good food is good insurance…………. sickness.
A. for B. against C. with D. to 7. Don't come………….hard on the new workers.
A. down B. up C. about D. with
8 My teacher says that I should sail………….the exam, but I ’m not so sure.
A. through B. to C. with D. in 9. I can’t remember the name of the hotel we stayed at………….the top of my head.
A. on B. in C. up D. off 10. If it starts to rain, make………….a nearby cave to wait for it to pass. A. out B. for C. up D. with
IV. IDIOMS & COLLOCATIONS (10 pts)
Choose the right phrase in the box to complete each of the following sentences
Use each phrase only ONCE and write your answer in the numbered box. the bight lights a dark horse in a word word perfect take it as read a shot in the dark word for word take it amiss reading between the lines the light in the end of the tunnel lost for words
1. My interview with the policeman took longer than I had thought because he wanted to copy down my statement…………
2. My answer …………. is no.
3. …………. I sensed that she was trying to tell me that she was having problem at home.
4. He read the speech again and again until he was absolutely sure that he was…………
5. When she was told she had won the prize she was ………….and tears welled up in her eyes.
6. I don’t think we need to put ‘Informal’ on the invitations - most people will…………
7. Gail is a bit of………….- she never talks about her family and no one knows much about her past.
8. No one had considered offering mail order before, so setting it up was a bit of…………
9. After months of unemployment, the act or had been offered a small part in a TV film , and felt he could at least see …………
10. Please don't ………….when I say that you r last report needed a lot of reworking.
V. READING COMPREHENSION (20pts)
READING 1: Read the following passage and choose the best answer
Just as optical fibers have transformed communication, they are also revolutionizing medicine. These ultra-thin, flexible fibers have opened a window into the living tissues of the body. By inserting optical fibers through natural opening s or small incisions and threading them along the body’s established pathways, physicians can look into the lungs, intestines, heart, and other areas that were formerly inaccessible to them.
The basic fiber-optics system is called a fiberscope, which consists of two bundles of fibers. One, the illuminating bundle, carries light to the tissues. It is coupled to a high-intensity light source. Light enters the cores of the high-purity silicon glass and travels along the fibers. A lens at the end of the bundle collects the light and focuses it into the other bundle, the imaging bundle. Each fiber in the bundle transmits only a tiny fraction of the total image. The reconstructed image can be viewed through an eyepiece or displayed on a television screen. During the last five years, improved methods of fabricating optical fibers have led to a reduction in fiberscope diameter and an increase in the number of fibers, which in turn has increased resolution
Optical fibers can also be used to deliver laser light. By use of laser beams, physicians can perform surgery inside the body, sometimes eliminating the need for invasive procedures in which healthy tissue must be cut through to reach the site of disease. Many of these procedures do not require anesthesia and can be performed in a physician's office. These techniques have reduced the risk and the cost of medical care.
1. What is the main subject of the passage?
A. A revolution in communication B. New surgical techniques C. The invention of optical fibers D. The role of optical fibers in medicine
2. In line 2, the author uses the expression have opened a window to indicate that the use of optical fibers………...
A. has enabled scientists to make amazing discoveries B. sometimes requires a surgical incision . C. allows doctors to see inside the body without major surgery D. has been unknown to the general public until quite recently
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word incisions in line 4? A. holes made on the body B. acts of incising C. wounds caused to the tissues D. cuts made in surgery
4. The word them in line 6 refers to………... A. pathways B. optical fibers C. physicians D. other areas of the body
5. According to the passage, what is the purpose of the illuminating bundle in a fiberscope?
A. To carry light into the body B. To reconstruct images C. To collect and focus light D. To perform surgery inside the body
6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word cores in line 9?
A. Tips B. Centres C. Clusters D. Lines
7. According to the pas sage, how do the fiberscopes used today differ from those used five years ago?
A. They use brighter lights. B. They contain more fibers, C. They are longer. D. They are larger in diameter.
8. The word resolution in line 16 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
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A. Strength B. Sharpness C. Inconvenience D. Efficiency
9. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as one of the advantages of laser surgery techniques?
A. They can be performed in a physician’s office.
B. They are safer than conventional surgery.
C. They can often be performed without anesthesia.
D. They are relatively easy to teach to physicians.
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a basic description of a fiberscope?
A. Line 1 -3 B. Line 6 - 7 C. Line 10 - 11 D. Line 17 -19
READING 2: Read the following passage and choose the best answer SUBVERSIVE ART
Subversive political and social messages are a mainstay of the art community. In most modern democratic nations, where free speech is considered an inalienable right, such subversive art is easily found. American film is a fine example of this. Many American films are openly critical of American society and its values. Apocalypse Now, a film about the Vietnam War, is a withering attack on America's involvement and conduct in that conflict. In a more modern setting, African- American film director Spike Lee makes films which depict America as a racist and unjust society. Other arts are filled with examples of subversive art as well. There are countless paintings and sculpture s which openly attack Christianity and other values which are considered to be core aspects of America's identity. Punk Rock, which originated in England, derided many of England's most sacred of social values. Most famously, the 1970s punk band The Sex Pistols frequently sang songs about overthrowing the government, even going so far as to describe the Queen of England as subhuman.
Not all subversive art is as upfront in its social criticism. Much of subversive art is quietly subversive. There are a number of reasons for this. The first is, of course, economics. An artist who is too open or too vehement in his or her criticism of society may find it hard to find an audience willing to pay for such art. In some societies there may be a fear of retribution, either by the government or by individual society members offended by the artist's message. Nor are such fears unfounded. Author Salman Rushdie was forced to go into hiding after he wrote a book that Muslim s too k to be critical of their religion. There fore, the subversive messages in art are often hidden .
One common method of hiding subversive messages in one's art is through the use of an unreliable or untenable viewpoint. In this method, the artist actually presents a viewpoint that is in opposition to his or her own, but does so in such a way as to render that viewpoint unbelievable in the eyes of the audience. American author Mark Twain was a master at this. The narrator in his most famous novel is a young boy named Huck Finn. Huck supports the values of his society. For example, one of the justifications used by Americans to keep Africans enslaved was that they were somehow less human than whites. There is a scene in which Huck finds his friend Jim, a runaway slave, crying to-himself because he misses his children whom he has left behind in slavery. Huck is surprised by this, and comments that it seems remarkable that Jim, a slave, could feel sadness for the loss of his children in the same way a white person would. This observation is so absurd that it discredits the entire notion of slaves somehow being less human than their masters.
Mark Twain was not the only artist to hide the subversive nature of his work. In earlier times, prior to the printing press and the mass production of posters, artists depended on the support of wealthy individuals to make their living. A rich noble who appreciated the work of an artist would become his or her patron and support the artist, in return the artist was generally expected to create art that the patron approved of, and herein was the problem.
These wealthy nobles represented the social elite, which in most cases was exactly the element of society which artists wished to criticize. One could hardly expect a patron to pay for art that was openly critical of his social class, so artists became experts in concealing the subversive message in their art. A close look at any of the great artists of history, da Vinci, Shakespeare, Milton, etc. will reveal many hidden
elements of social subversion.
1. In paragraph 1, all of the following are mentioned as examples of subversive art EXCEPT………… A. anti-war films B. songs of rebellion C. highly sexual poetry D. blasphemous sculpture
2. According to paragraph 2, what is the role of economics in subversive art?
A. It limits the candor with which artists express themselves. B. It creates a market for increasingly shocking art. C. It encourages people not to buy subversive art. D. It encourages artists to be upfront in their social criticism.
3. Based on the information in paragraph 2, it can be inferred that subversive art………..
A. is often highly profitable for the artist B. often evokes strong emotional reactions C. is often banned by many governments D. is mostly focused on religious topics
4. The word “retribution” in the passage is closest in meaning to ……….. A. criticism B. rejection C. revenge D. anger
5. The word “untenable” in the passage is closest in meaning to ……….. . A. complex B. untrustworthy C. obscure D. indefensible
6. According to paragraph 3, how did Mark Twain seek to subvert the values of his society?
A. He used a highly unpopular narrator to discuss the topic of slavery. B. He presented the views of his opponents in a ridiculous fashion. C. He argued that slaves also held emotional attachments to their families. D. He described much of American society as evil and bitter.
7. Based on the information in paragraph 3, what can be inferred about Mark Twain? A. He feared retribution from American society. B. He was the first author to practice subversive art. C. He opposed the American practice of slavery. D. He was forced into hiding for his political views.
8. The word “this” in the passage refers to……….. A. the fact that Jim misses his family B. the fact that Jim would leave his family in slavery C. the fact that slaves are considered less human than whites D. the fact that Mark Twain opposed the values of his society
9. Based on the information in paragraph 4, the term “patron” can best be explained as……….. A. a person who loves art B. the target of subversive art C. a person who supports artists D. a noble who represents the social elite
10. According to paragraph 4, why was it-especially important for early artists to hide the subversive nature of their art?
A. The governments of that time were far less tolerant of criticism. B. The people they criticized were their sole source of income, C. They were unable to mass produce their art. D. There were very few patrons who approved of subversive art.
IV. CLOZE TEST: (20 pts)
CLOZE TEST 1:
If you've been told by your boss to improve your knowledge of a foreign language you will know that success doesn’t come quickly. It generally takes years to learn another language well and constant (1)……….. to maintain the high standards required for frequent business use. Whether you study in a class, with audiocassettes, computers or on your (2) ……….. sooner or (3)……….. every language course finishes and you must decide what to do next if you need a foreign language for your career.
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Business audio Magazine is a new product designed to help you continue language study in a way that fits easily into your busy schedule. Each audiocassette (4)……….. of an hour - long program packed with business news, features and interviews in the language of your choice. These cassettes won’t teach you how to order meals or ask for directions. It’s (5)……….. that you can do that already. Instead, by giving you an opportunity to hear the language as it’s really spoken, they help you to (6)……….. your vocabulary and improve your ability to use real language relating to, for example, that all- important marketing trip. The great advantage of using audio magazines is that they (7)……….. you to perfect your language skills in ways that suit your lifestyle. For example, you can select a topic and listen in your car or hotel when away on business. No other business course is as (8)……….. and the unique radio- magazine format is as instructive as it is entertaining. In addition to the audiocassette, this package includes a transcript with a business glossary and a study (9) ………... The components are structured so that intermediate and advanced students may use them separately or together, (10)………..on their ability.
1. A. exercise B. performance C. practice D. operation
2. A. self B. individual C. personal D. own
3. A. after B. then C. later D. quicker
4. A. consists B. includes C. contains D. involves
5. A. insisted B. acquired C. asserted D. assumed
6. A. prolong B. extend C. spread D. lift
7. A. allow B. let C. support D. offer
8. A. adjustable B. flexible C. convertible D. variable
9. A. addition B. supplement C. extra D. manuscript
10. A. according B. depending C. relating D. basing
* CLOZE TEST 2:
For Nigel Portman, a love of travelling began with what's called a ‘gap year’. In common with many other British teenagers, he chose to take a year out before (1) ………..to study for his degree.
After doing various jobs to (2) ……….. some money, he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures, visiting America and Asia. The more adventurous the young person, the (3)………..the challenge they are likely to (4)………..themselves for the gap year, and for some, like Nigel, it can (5)………..in a thirst for adventure.
Now that his university course has come to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him right around the world. What's more, he plans to make the whole journey using only means of transport which are (6)……….. by natural energy. In other words, he'll be (7)………..mostly on bicycles and his own legs; and when there’s an ocean to cross, he won’t be taking a (8)……….. cut by climbing aboard a plane, he’ll be joining the crew of a sailing ship (9)………...
As well as doing some mountain climbing and other outdoor pursuits along the way, Nigel hopes to (10) ………..on to the people he meets the environmental message that lies behind the whole idea.
1.A. settling down B. getting up C. taking over D. holding back 2.A. achieve B. raise C. advance D. win
3.A. stronger B. wider C. greater D. deeper 4.A. put B. set C. aim D. place
5.A. result B. lead C. cause D. create
6. A. pulled B. charged C. forced D. powered 7. A. relying B. using C. attempting D. trying 8. A. quick B. short C. brief D. swift 9. A. anyway B. alike C. instead D. otherwise 10. A. leave B. keep C. pass D. give
B. WRITTEN TEST (70pts)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 points)
Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
a. DANGERS OF TECHNOLOGY
Much has been heard recently (0) about possible health hazards, including memory loss and brain tumors, from the use of mobile phones. With the possible half a billion mobile phones in (1)………… throughout the world, in Britain (2)…………,one person in four owns one, (3)………… is worrying enough, even if, so far, no concrete evidence has come to (4)………… One study by Dr. Alan Preece and his team at Bristol University has shown, however, in a report in the International Journal of Radiation Biology, that tests on volunteers demonstrated no effect on (5)…………short-term memory or attention span. Subjects (6)…………exposed to microwave radiation for (7)………… to thirty minutes, but the one noticeable effect was positive (8)………… than negative; the subjects reacted more rapidly in one test (9)………… a visual choice. One explanation of (10)…………is that following the transmission, a warming of the blood led to increased blood flow.
b. LAUGHING IS GOOD FOR YOU - SERIOUSLY
It is a sad fact (0) that adults laugh far less than children, sometimes by as much(1)………… a couple of hundred times a day. Just take a (2)………… at peoples faces on the way to work or in the office: you'll be lucky (3)………… see a smile, let alone hear a laugh. This is a shame - especially in view of the (4)………… that scientists have proved that laughing is good for you. “When you laugh” says psychologist David Cohen, “it produces the feel-good hormones, endorphins. It counters the effects of stress (5)………… enhances the immune system.”
There are many (6)…………why we might laugh less in adult life: perhaps we are too work-obsessed, or too embarrassed to (7)…………our emotions show. Some psychologists simply believe that children have more native responses, and as adults we naturally grow (8)…………of spontaneous reactions. Luckily,(9)………… , it is possible to relearn the art of laughter. In India, “laughter clinics " have been growing (10)………… popularity over the last few years, thanks to the efforts of Dr Madan Kataria, whose work has won him a devoted following. Dr Kataria believes that his laughing techniques can help to strengthen the immune system and lower stress levels, among other things. He teaches his patients different laughs or giggles to relax specific parts of the body. In 1998, when Dr Kartaria organized a World Laughter Day at Bombay racetrack, 10,000 people turned up.
II. WORD FORMS (20pts)
PART 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts) 1…… in wealth causes a great number of social problems. (EQUAL) 2. The church is the site o f a number of…………manifestations. (NATURE) 3. The slight…………in his left hand was corrected by surgery. (FORM) 4. Barack Obama is the first president of the United States with …………background. (RACE) 5. They won the case because of the ………… in court of the defendant. (APPEAR) 6. The sun and the moon are often………… in poetry. (PERSON) 7. Tax exemption only applies to those with ………… status. (RESIDENT) 8. The station quickly fell in to………… after it was closed. It is now in very bad condition. (REPAIR) 9. Low income and little administrative support make teachers ………… with their profession. (HEART) 10. Do you think these children are………… ? They look very thin. (NOURISH)
PART 2: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided. (10 pts)
THE CRUSADES
The medieval crusades, when Western European knights and (11. adventure)………… attempted to seize Jerusalem from the hands of the Seljuk Turks, are widely (12. understand) …………by most people in the West, who think of them as glamorous and heroic. True, the level of heroism was occasionally (13. impress)………… , but in fact the crusaders were ignorant and (14. guide )………….For example,
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they viewed the Byzantine Emperor, through whose lands they had to travel, as an annoying (15. relevant) , denying him even so much as a (16. consult)………… role in the proceedings. In reality, his long experience of the Saracens had given him a(n) (17. consider)………… knowledge of their fighting methods and politics. His advice, had the crusaders chosen to follow it, would have been absolutely (18. value)…………. Instead, they (19. repeat)…………dismissed it as (20. worth)………… with the result that, despite initial success, the crusades eventually dwindled to ignominious failure.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them
Normal houses are full of hazadous waste. The most important hazardous waste in the home is batteries. If you throw them out with your other garbage, they are open at the landfill, the poison inside moves through rain water and other liquids to the bottom of the landfill. Then they can pollute the natural water in the ground. We should use rechargeable batteries, other hadarhous water in homes is motor oil. Don’t throw old motor oil in the ground and throw it on the 220garbage. It poisons the environment. We should recycle motor oil. Painting is another kind of hazarhous waste in homes. Some cities have "Paint exchange day". If you bring in open, unused blue paint and want red, they give you red, sometimes they mix the paints together into strange colours. If you paint walls with them, you help save the environment
1………….. 2………….. 3…………..
4………….. 5………….. 6…………... 7………….. 8………….. 9………….. 10…………..
IV. SENTENCE
TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)
Line 1 5 10
9. Thomas was not given details of the company’s new project. DARK →
10. I was too scare to tell him what I really thought. LACKED →
* Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it
1. Because of his conviction for fraud, the trainer lost his licence → His conviction for fraud..........................
2. My little brother can be so annoying sometimes → I am ................................................ .................................................................. 3. They declared war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights → The excuse................ ......................................................................... .............. 4. Whenever you are on a bus, you hear someone talking about snobbery. → You can’t ............................................................................... ............ ............ 5. Pop stars are corrupted by the adulation of their fans → It’s the way .....................................
* For each of the following sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way 6. I don’t think the television 's likely to blow up at any minute. LIKEHOOD → ………................................................ .................................................................. 7. I’m afraid our problems are just beginning. ICEBERG → ………................................................ ..................................................................
8. In the area, Thailand is much better than all other countries in football. SHOULDERS
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………................................................ ..................................................................
→
………................................................ ..................................................................
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
I. WORD CH OICE (5 pts)
(40 pts)
Choose the word or phrase from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.
1. I'm afraid Jennifer’s very ………….She believes everything she’s told.
A. gullible B. trustworthy C. credible D. honest
2. In the hands o f a reckless driver, a car becomes a …………. weapon.
A. lethal B. fatal C. mortal D. venal
3. I slept badly last night and am feeling particularly …………. this morning.
A. slow-witted B. far-reaching C. off-hand D. top-heavy
4. Radio and television make it possible for the news to be widely…………..
A. disseminated B. dislocated C. dismantled D. expressed
5. You can’t bury your head…………. and hope that this problem-goes away, you know.
A. in the mud B. in the pool C. in the sand D. in the water
6. Unanswered, the demands for nuclear deterrents have………….fears of civil war.
A. flashed up B. prognosticated C. sidetracked D. stoked up
7. This evidence should prove…………. that he was telling the truth
A. once and for all B. from time to time C. over and above D. now and then
8. A new computer has been produced, which will…………. all previous models
A. overdo B. supersede C. excel D. overwhelm
9. My cousin was nervous about being interviewed on television, but she rose to the………….wonderfully.
A. event B. performance C. incident D. occasion
10. My decision to drop out of university after a year is one I now …………. regret.
A. painfully B. harshly C. heavily D. keenly
II. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (5pts)
Choose the answer which best complete each sentence
1. I supposed, as………… we all, that the meeting would be cancelled.
A. did B. would C. only D. jus t
2. Although the Moon appears…………. , it reflects on average only 7 percent of the light that falls on it.
A. bright to the eye B. brightly to the eye C. bright in the eye D. brightly in the eye
3. “What would you do in my place?” - “Were…………. treated like that, I’d complain to the manager.” A. I to be B. I to had been C. I have been D. to I be
4. …………. the catfish is prized for its taste.
A. With ugly look B. As ugly looking C. Ugly looking as it is D. As it is ugly looking
5. His advice that it………….at once is reasonable.
A. should do B. be done C. needs to be done D. is done
6. At no time………….you pay a rise.
A. did I ever promise B. do ever I promise C. I have ever promised D. had ever I promised
7. Dick put…………ball in…………net in…………second half but…………goal was disallowed A. a/a/a/a B. the/the/the/the C. the/the/a/a D. a/a/the/the
8…………. about what he had heard, John telephoned his brother
A. Having worried B. To worry C. He worried D. Worried 9…………. given to the various types of microscopic plants and animals found in water
A. Named plankton B. the name of plankton C. Plankton’s name D. Plankton is the name
10. You must…………….asleep in the train. A. have been tired if you fallen B. be tired if you fallen C. have been tired if you fell D. have been tired if you fall
III. PREPOSTIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 pts)
Choose the most suitable options to complete each sentence
1. Both the favourite and then the second favourite pulled out. Naturally, we thought we were………….a chance.
A. in with B. up for C. in for D. up with 2. His company went bankrupt, three years of hard work………….the drain. A. into B. in C. down D. low 3. Don’t quote me. What I am about to say is …………. the record. A. on B. off C. without D. above 4. I was so tired that I just………….in the armchair A. flaked out B. broke up C. dropped out D. fell over 5. The subject of sex equality seem to ………….in every discussion lesson in my school A. burst out B. zero in C. crop up D. harp on 6. Our teacher tendsto………….certain subjects which she finds difficult to talk about A. boil down B. string along C. skate over D. track down 7. It’s a good idea to …………. people before taking them into your confidence A. tumble to B. root out C. bank on D. size up 8. Some people can just…………. a cold,but my colds seem to linger for weeks A. shrug off B. cough up C. pull through D. stamp out 9. The man in the market was selling leather coats very cheaply: they were such bargains that were soon………….. A. cleared off B. done for C. bought out D. snapped up 10. I couldn’t rem ember where I had left my car, when it suddenly …………. me that I didn’t have a car any longer!
A. dawned on B. ran into C. went through D. tumbled to
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS ( 5pts)
Choose the answer which best complete each sentence
1. It's great here. Have had …………. ever since we arrived. We’re having a wonderful time. A. broken sunshine B. unbroken sunshine C. unbroken light D. unbroken clouds
2. Palair Airlines offers excellent…………. entertainment, with the latest movies and music. A. on-flight B. during-flight C. in-flight D. over-flight
3. The cottage is in some wonderful…………. countryside on the edge of a dense forest. A. far B. unspoiled C. great D. spoilt
4. As students, David, Kevin and William were as thick as…………. . A. thieves B. boy scouts C. a team D. thistles
5. Whenever I feel embarrassed I always go as red as………….. A. a rose B. lipstick C. a raspberry D. a beetroot
6. He might look kind and sympathetic, but deep down he’s as hard as…………. A. nails B. a mountain C. a gangster D. an iceberg
7. Nagging Susan to stop smoking has no effect on her. It’s like water off …………. A. a windmill B. a duck’s back C. a dripping tap D. an umbrella
8. My father ………….when he found out that I’d damaged the car. A. hit the roof B. saw pink elephants C. made my blood boil D. brought the house down.
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9. My mother…………. for an anvironmental group. She helps raise money to protect wildlife A. indentifies B. encourages C. shares D. volunteers
10. At the 1952 Olympics, speed skaters who had taken amphetamines became ………….ill. A grimly B. gravely C. solemnly D. rigorously
V. READING COMPREHENSIONS. (10ms)
PASSAGE 1: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question. (5 pts)
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after Earth was formed. Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life. What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle ? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this , it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life app eared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago. Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediment s below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans – plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one -tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal com munities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life - forms.
1. The word “drastic” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. widespread B. radical C. progressive D. risky
2. Accor din g to the theory that the author calls “the traditional view”, what was the first form of life to app ear on land?
A. Bacteria B. M eat-eating animals
C. Plant-eating animals D. Vascular plants
3. According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago?
A. Many terrestrial life-forms died out
B. New life-forms on land developed at a rapid rate.
C. The megafossils were destroyed by floods.
D. Life began to develop in the ancient seas.
4. The word “extracted ” in line 18 is closest in meaning to ……….....
A. located B. preserved C. removed D. studied
5. What can be inferred from the passage about the fossils mentioned in lines 17-20 ?
A. They have not been helpful in understanding the evolution of terrestrial life. B. They were found in approximately the same numbers as vascular plant fossils, C. They are older than the megafossils.
D. They consist of modern life-forms.
6. The word “instances” in line 21 is closest in meaning to ………...
A. methods B. processes C. cases D. reasons
7. The word “they” in line 22 refers to ………....
A. rocks B. shores c. oceans D. specimens
8. The word “entombed” in lime 22 is closest in meaning to ………....
A. crushed B. trapped C. produced D. excavated
9. Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils?
A. The time estimate for the first appearance of terrestrial life-forms was revised.
B. Old techniques for analyzing fossils were found to have new uses.
C. The origins of primitive sea life were explained.
D. Assumptions about the locations of ancient seas were changed.
10. With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?
A. The evolution of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of life itself.
B. The discovery of microfossils supports the traditional view of how terrestrial life evolved.
C. New species have appeared at the same rate over the course of the last 400 million years.
D. The technology used by paleontologists is too primitive to make accurate determinations about ages of fossils.
PASSAGE 2: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question. (5 pts)
Animation traditionally is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frames of an object, each slightly different than the preceding frame. In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings between_the first and the last drawing. This is generally referred to as computer-assisted animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator.
In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequence of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that define the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information. Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques for three-dimensional transformation, shading, and curvatures.
High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen.
A camera can be used to film directly from the computer's display screen, but for the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer computes the positions and colors for the figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder. Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next, frame. When the entire sequence has been recorded on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be view ed. If the entire sequence does not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed , redisplayed, and rerecorded. This approach can be very ex pensive and time consuming. Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the highresolution, realistic-looking images.
1. What aspect of computer animation does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The production process B. The equipment needed
C. The high cost D. The role of the artist
2. According to the passage , in computer-assisted animation the role of the computer is to draw the……….
A. first frame B. middle frames
C. last frame D. entire sequence of frames
3. The word “they ” in the second paragraph refers to………..
A. formulas B. databases C. numbers D. objects
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4. According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in the third paragraph are used to……….
A. add color to the images B. expose several frames at the same time
C. store individual images D. create new frames
5. According to the passage, the positions and colours of the figures in high-tech animation are determined by………
A. drawing several versions
B. enlarging one frame at a lime
C. analyzing the sequence from different angles
D. using computer calculations
6. The word "captures” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to…
A. separates B. registers C. describes D. numbers
7. The word “Once” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to…
A. before B. since C. after D. while
8. According to the passage, how do computer-animation companies often test motion?
A. They experiment with computer-generated line drawings.
B. They hand -draw successive frames.
C. They calculate high-resolution images.
D. They develop extensive mathematical formulas.
9. The word “task” in the 4th paragraph is closest in meaning to………
A. possibility B. position C. time D .job
10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A. Computers have reduced the costs of animation .
B. In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed.
C. Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings.
D. Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills.
IV. CLOZE TEST (10 PTS)
PASSAGE 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. (5pts)
Why did you decide to read this, and will you keep reading to the end? Do you expect to understand every single part of it and will you remember anything about it in a fortnight's (1)………. ? Common sense (2)………. that the answers to these questions depend on “readability”whether the (3)……….matter is interesting, the argument clear and the (4)………. attractive. But psychologists are trying to (5)………. why people read - and often don’t read certain things, for example technical information. They also have examined so much the writing as the readers. Even the most technically confident people often (6)……….instructions for video or home computer in favor of hands - on experience. And people frequently take little notice of consumer information, whether on nutritional labels or in the small print of contracts. Psychologists researching reading (7)………. to assume that both beginners and competent readers read everything put in front of them from start to finish. There are (8)………. among them about the roles of eyes, memory and brain during the process. Some people believe that fluent readers take in very letter or word they see; others (9)……….that readers rely on memory or context to carry them from one phrase to another. But they have always assumed that the reading process is the same: reading starts, comprehension (10)……….then reading stops.
1. A. term B. gap C. period D. time
2. A. informs B. transmits C. suggests D. advises
3. A. text B. content C. subject D. topic
4. A. layout B. assembly C. pattern D. formation
5. A. value B. determine C. rate D. ensure
6. A. pass B. miss C. ignore D. omit
7. A. tend B. lead C. undertake D. consent
8. A. contests B. arguments C. objections D. separations
9. A. direct B. insist C. press D. urge
10. A. issues B. sets C. establishes D. occurs
PASSAGE 2: Read the following passage and mark the latter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. (5 pts)
Why is it that many teenagers have the energy to play computer games until late at night but can’t find the energy to get out of bed (1)………. for school? According to a new report, today’s generation of children are in danger of getting so (2)………. sleep that they are putting their mental and physical health at (3)………. Adults can easily survive on seven to eight hours’ sleep a night, (4)………. teenagers require nine or ten hours. According to medical experts, one in five youngsters (5)………. anything between two and five hours’ sleep a night less than their parents did at their age.
This (6)………. serious questions about whether lack of sleep is affecting children's ability to concentrate at school. The connection between sleep deprivation and lapses in memory, impaired reaction time and poor concentration is well (7)……….. Research has shown that losing as little as half an hour’s sleep a night can have profound effects (8)………. how children perform the next day. A good night's sleep is also crucial for teenagers because it is while they are asleep (9)………. they release a hormone that is essential for their ‘growth spurt’ (the period during teenage years when the body grows at a rapid rate). It’s true that they can, to some (10)………. , catch up on sleep at weekends, but that won’t help them when they are dropping off to sleep in class on a Friday afternoon.
By Tim Falla and Paul A.Davies, Solutions Advanced. OUP
1. A. behind time B. about time C. in time D. at time 2. A. few B. less C. much D. little 3. A. jeopardy B. threat C. risk D. danger 4. A. or B. because C. whereas D. so 5. A. puts B. gets C. brings D. makes 6. A. raises B. rises C. results D. comes 7. A. organized B. arranged C. established D. acquired 8. A. in B. on C. to D. at 9. A. at which B. which C. where D. that 10. A. rate B. extent C. level D. point
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST: (20 pts)
CLOSE TEST 1: Fill each blank with ONE word. (10 pts) CELL PHONES
Cell phones have been popular in Japan since the early 1990s, but it was not (1)………. 1999 that their use really took off. The age of cell phones has emerged, but with it come problems. Cell phones are used on buses and trains, in restaurants, and in all (2)………. of life. They cause problems when they (3)………. during meetings, concerts, wedding, or even funerals. What’s more, people speak loudly in public, and students read and text messages during lessons. More seriously, when a cell phone is used near a person using a (4) ………. to regulate his heartbeat, its radio waves may (5)………. with the functioning of the pacemaker.
Now, something is being done to (6)………. these problems. In many places, new technology is being used to block cell phone calls. Airline (7)………. are requested to stop using cell phones while on board. Concert halls ask their audience to switch their phones to the (8)………. mode. However, phone users fear that if they do not answer their phones, they will (9)………. valuable business opportunities. That’s why many do not (10)………. off their phones even when they are asked to.
CLOSE TEST 2: Fill each blank with ONE word. (10 pts)
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THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING SPORTY
It is a multi-million dollar industry and that attracts some of the most talented individuals alive, it generates further millions (1)………. advertising revenue and has spawned a whole celebrity culture of its (2)……….. But what role does sport play in our ordinary lives?
Few people are untouched (3)………. sport. We all have (4)……….favorite football team or tennis player or, at least, support our national side in major sporting events like the Olympics. How can it be, then, that so (5)………. people actually play sports and that obesity is becoming a major threat in the developed world?
Well, in part, the answer is (6)………. the question. Obesity is not a problem in the developing world (7)………. participation in sport is still high. True, there may be few organized leagues but children the world still go out to play games like football with other children and this comes the supremacy of countries like Brazil in the world of football. So, what is stopping the British or the Americans? After (8) ………. , they still have organized sports in schools and a myriad of clubs and teams to join in their spare time. What they lack is a public space for children to play unsupervised outdoors. As a result, they are kept indoors and encouraged to play online (9)………. of getting our in the fresh air. They may of course still develop a love of sport as spectators but this is unlikely to do much to lower levels of obesity (10)………. the young.
II. WORD FORMS (20 pts)
PART 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts)
1. Janet’s exam results turned out to be………. DISASTER
2. You look rather………. Are you worried about something? OCCUPY
3. There are very few………. places on earth today. Man has been nearly everywhere. EXPLORE
4. The doctor gave him an injection to………. the pain. DIE
5. Nowadays people may no longer suffer from lifetime physical……… NORMAL
6. Home-made ice-cream is one of our……….. SPECIAL
7. The meeting has been………. arranged for 3 p.m next Friday. PROVIDE
8. The government’s ……….approach has brought criticism. COMPROMISE
9. Jim is one of the most……….members of the committee. SPEAK
10. Many newspapers today gave very sensational……….about the private life of that Hollywood star. CLOSE
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box. (10 pts)
angry fashion foreign frustrate generate patient polite secret serve tradition
“All things come to those who wait.” It’s a (1)……….. phrase that has kept the British patiently in line for years. For (2)………..we’ve been waiting our turn. This may sometimes have led to (3)………. abroad, when (4) ………..haven't always respected the rules of the orderly queue. But at home we have (5)……….. enjoyed our reputation. It's rather (6)……….. , though, isn’t it? Today’s highly developed culture of (7)……….. to the public seems to have more in common with the American “I want it and I want it now” philosophy. But our (8)……….. seems to be growing. We may wait with less (9)……….. than we used to - you only have to observe the (10) ……….. shoppers in a supermarket queue. But wait we still do.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)
Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them.
It is very difficult to succeed in the music business; nine out of ten bands that release a first record fail to produce the second. Surviving in the music industry requires luck and patience, but most of all it requires and intricate knowledge of how a record company is functioned. The process begins when a representative of a company's Artists and Reportoire (A & R) department visits bars and night clubs,
scouting for young, talented bands. After the representative identifies a promised band, he or she will work to negotiate a contract with that band. The signature of this recording contract is a slow process. A company will spend a long time to investigate the band itself as well as current trands in popular music. During this period, it is important that a band reciprocates with an investigation of its own, learning as much as possible about the record company and making personnel connections within the different departments that will handle their recordings. l…………….. 2…………….. 3…………….. 4…………….. 5…………….. 6…………….. 7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10……………
V. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20pts)
PART 1: Finish each of the second sentences in such a way that they have the same meaning as the original ones:
1. I left without saying goodbye as I didn’t want to disturb the meeting.
→ Rather
2. For further information, please send a self-addressed envelope to the above address. → Further information can ……………………………………………………….. 3. It shouldn’t have surprised me that my children didn’t like the new, cheaper ice-cream. → I might………………………………………………………………………….
4. The noise made by the children didn’t prevent the baby from sleeping soundly. → Whatever……………………………………………………………………….
5. Don’t run away with the idea that this job is easy. (conclusion) →
6. Russ's opinions on the new management policies were very different from those of his fellow workers. (odds) → Russ………….……………………………………the new management policies.
7. The young actress was very nervous before the audition. (butterflies) →
8. Margaret is said to be a very good cook. (reputation) →
9. She chooses the kind of hotels she stays in very carefully.
→She’s very fussy………………………………………………………………
10. The rocketing prices have proved too much for most salaried people. (cope) →
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A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. PH ONOLOGY (10 pts)
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. picturesquely B. antiqueness C. querulously D. discotheque
2. A. phlebitis B. wily C. poliomyelitis D. philately
3. A. macabre B. chiromancy C. chemical D. chivalrous
4. A. paranoia B. papist C. saffron D. travail
5. A. absinthe B. soothe C. loathe D. wreathe
Choose the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the others:
6. A. euphemism B. phenotype C. veracity D. cantaloupe
7. A. matriarchy B. epileptic C. rutherfordium D. diplomatic
8. A. disinter B. cadaver C. cathedral D. attorney
9. A. acupuncturist B. vociferously C. antithesis D. extraordinary
10. A. entrepreneur B. anonymity C. representation D. encyclopedia
II. VOCABULARY (10 pts):
Choose the correct word or phrase A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. His strange behaviour aroused the…………of police.
A. doubt B. suspicion C. disbelief D. notice
2. When his parents are away, his oldest brother………
A. knocks it off B. calls the shots
C. draws the line D. is in the same boat
2323. After the concert, everyone had to…………home through the thick snow.
A. trudge B. tread C. trace D. trickle
4. Alaska boasts several climates due to its………… mountains, warm ocean currents, and frozen seas.
A. adept B. pious C. ghastly D. lofty
5. When I finish writing this composition, I’m going to …………and go to bed.
A. make time B. hit the hay C. hit the big time D. call it a day
6. Certain kinds of plants can grow only in…………soil.
A. loose B. slack C. sparse D. scarce
7. John’s got very…………feelings about taking on more responsibility at the moment.
A. puzzled B. mixed C. jumbled D. muddled
8. Paul’s been in Alice's bad…………ever since he offended her at the party.
A. eyes B. books C. likes D. treats
9. The car was…………speed.
A. gathering B. collecting C. consuming D. firing
10. They’re having serious problems. Their relationship is on the………… A. cliffs B. rocks C. stones D. grass
III. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (10 pts)
1. …………earning all that money if you don’t have time to enjoy it?
A. Is it to the good B. What’s the good of C. Is it all to the good D. Is it for good
2. She………… fainted when she heard that her child died.
A. rather than B. nothing but C. all but D. near 3. …………to interfere in your affairs but I would like to give you just one piece of advice.
A. It is far from clear B. Far from it for me
C. Far and wide for me D. Far be it from me 4…………..we just have to wait.
A. At this point in time B. On the point of time C. At some point D. That’s not the point 5. He gripped his brother’s arm lest he ………….by the mob. A. would be trampled B. could be trampled C. were trampled D. be trampled 6. I don’t know …………the new manager. A. what to do of B. what to make of C. how to do of D. how to make of 7. Don’t tell me I …………till 5 o’clock in the afternoon. A. was to make them to stay B. must have made them stay C. could have made them stay D. was to have made them stay 8. What I fear most of all is that we………… in what refers to the building of a new market in West Crane. The local people seem to be very wary about it. A. might misinterpret B. might have misinterpreted C. won’t be misinterpreting D. might be misinterpreted 9. Sam looked as if he………… in the world. A. weren't cared B. weren’t taken into care C. didn't have a care D. weren't in the care 10. What's all this crying………… ? A. without the aid of B. in aid of C. with the aid of D. within the aid of
IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10 pts)
1. He is not a very outspoken person, so we may find it hard to…………his opinions. A. leak out B. come off C. sound out D. bring round 2. Are you still …………an illusion that Mr. Spike will agree to your conditions? A. in B. under C. on D. of 3. We all tried to convince our teacher to change his mind about the school trip and he finally………… A. caught on B. set out C. got through D. came round 4. Our grandfather can ………… his war experiences all the day. Sometimes, we all get truly bored with it. A. harp on B. vouch for C. figure out D. leaf through 5. Father says he’s too ………… after working the nightshift and he won’t help us prepare the barbecue. A. run away B. worn out C. taken in D. pulled down 6. They said I'd be …………probation for the first two or three weeks as they want to find out about my skill.
A. for B. on C. in D. at 7. Your report ………… the side effects of the venture. Why not write more about its good points, Mr. Hewitt?
A. backs down B. takes to C. dwells on D. makes out 8. I know Pete's conduct was intolerable, but don’t be too hard…………him. A. on B. with C. at D. to 9. It is said that the corruption can hardly be …………especially among top officials. A. worn off B. rooted out C. gone back D. stringed along 10. Mrs. Black has promised to be…………service on Monday. I hope she keeps her word or else I won’t manage to prepare everything in time. A. in B. on C. of D. within
V. READING COMPREHENSION
179 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LÝ TỰ TRỌNG - CẦN THƠ
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PASSAGE 1: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question. (10 pts)
Every day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force - both online and on foot - searching frantically for the perfect gift. Last year, Americans spent over $30 billion at retail stores in the month of December alone. Aside, from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, and baby showers. This frequent experience of gift-giving can engender ambivalent feelings in gift-givers. Many relish the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with one’s closest peers. At the same time, many dread the thought of buying gifts; they worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients.
Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favourable view. According to Waldfogel (1993), gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as “the deadweight loss of Christmas”). To wit, givers are likely to spend $100 to purchase a gift that receivers would spend only $80 to buy themselves. This “deadweight loss” suggests that gift-givers are not very good at predicting what gifts others will appreciate. That in itself is not surprising to social psychologists. Research has found that people often struggle to take account of others’ perspectives - their insights are subject to egocentrism, social projection, and multiple attribution errors. What is surprising is that gift-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift.
In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problemi.e., that gift-givers equate how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift (the more expensive the gift, the stronger a gift-recipient’s feelings of appreciation). Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciation might seem intuitive to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less inclined to base their feelings of appreciation on the magnitude of a gift than givers assume.
Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that bigger (that is, more expensive) gifts convey stronger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer (1988) and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual, whereby gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes toward the intended recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a future relationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more, money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal” to their intended recipient. As for gift- recipients, they may not construe smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.
1. What is the main idea discussed in the passage?
A. Gift-giving, despite its uneconomical downsides, cultivates a positive social process.
B. Gift- recipients are widely acknowledged as considerably experienced in gift-giving.
C. Gifts can serve as implicit signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.
D. Gift-giving may have certain drawbacks alongside its positive qualities.
2. The author most likely uses the examples of gift-giving occasions in paragraph 1 to highlight the.………
A. regularity with which people shop for gifts
B. recent increase in the amount of money spent on gifts
C. anxiety gift shopping causes for consumers
D. number of special occasions involving gift-giving
3. In paragraph 1, the word “ambivalent” most nearly means.……….
A. unrealistic B. apprehensive C. conflicted D. supportive
4. The author indicates that people value gift-giving because they feel it_____.
A. functions as a form of self-expression B. is an inexpensive way to show appreciation
C. requires the gift-recipient to reciprocate D. can serve to strenghten a relationship
5. The “social psychologists” mentioned in paragraph 2 would likely describe the “deadweight loss” phenomenon as.………
A. predictable B. unprecedented C. disturbing D. questionable 6. In paragraph 3, the authors indicate that the assumption made by gift-givers may be.……… A. insincere B. unreasonable C. incorrect D. substantiated
7. The word “convey” in paragraph 4 most nearly means.………
A. transport B. counteract C. exchange D. communicate 8. In paragraph 4, the author refers to works by Camerer and others in order to.………. A. offer an explanation B. introduce an argument C. question a motive D. support a conclusion 9. In paragraph 4, the word “construe” most probably means.……… A. view B. understand C. consider D. take 10. Which of the following best characterizes the tone of the author? A. authoritative B. pessimistic C. ironic D. informative
PASSAGE 2: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question. (10 pts)
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The problems faced by leaders
B. How leadership differs in small and large groups
C. How social groups determine who will lead them
D. The role of leaders in social group
2. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT A. recruitment B. formal election process
C. specific leadership training D. traditional cultural patterns
3. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that………
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A. few people qualify as “natural leaders”
B. there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
C. “natural leaders’ are easily accepted by the members of a social group
D. “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
4. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
5. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on………
A. ensuring harmonious relationships
B. sharing responsibility with group members C. identifying new leaders D. achieving a goal
6. The word “collective” is closest in meaning to………
A. necessary B. typical C. group D. particular
7. The word “them” refers to………..
A. expressive leaders B. goals of the group
C. group members D. tension and conflict
8. A “secondary relationship” between a leader and the members of a group could best be characterized as……….
A. distant B. enthusiastic C. unreliable D. personal
9. The word “resolve” is closest in meaning to………
A. avoid repeating B. talk about C. avoid thinking about D. find a solution for
10. Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in terms of………..
A. examples that illustrate a problem B. cause and effect analysis
C. narration of events D. comparison and contrast
VI. GUIDED CLOZE
PASSAGE 1: Read the following passage and choose the options that best complete the blank.(10 pts) THE VACUUM CLEANER
Until about 250 years ago, households did not take dirt as seriously as they do now - it was a fact of life, and that was that. Cleaning often consisted of an annual (1)………. called 'spring cleaning' when the furniture was moved aside, and all the linen products in the house were cleaned. Carpets and rugs were taken outside, hung on ropes and had the dust (2)……….out of them - an exhausting and messy process.
The industrial revolution brought about a major change - as new products became available to make homes cleaner, a corresponding interest in 'domestic hygiene' appeared in households. This in turn led to the (3)……….of further products, one of which was the vacuum cleaner.
(4) ………. has it that when one of the first vacuum cleaners was demonstrated, a kindly scientist took the proud inventor (5)………., and offered a bit of advice that was to become crucial to the future evolution of the product - 'make it suck, not blow'
The first vacuum cleaners appeared in the 1860s in the United States. They were operated by hand pumps and were almost as (6)………. as spring cleaning. It was only when electric motors had become sufficiently (7)………. to become portable that vacuum cleaners became common household items. Most of today's major (8)………. - including Electrolux and Hoover - were born in the 1920s.
The household dirt that vacuum cleaners suck up is mostly dead skin cells - humans (9)………. millions of cells every day. A much smaller proportion comes from dust and soil carried into the house from (10)………
1. A. ritual B. result C. resolution D. scrub
2. A. cleaned B. taken C. beaten D. sucked 3. A. fabrication B. appearing C. recreation D. development 4. A. Story B. Epics C. Legend D. Tale 5. A. away B. aside C. aback D. along 6. A. laborious B. hard C. nefarious D. straining 7. A. scientific B. forward C. technological D. advanced 8. A. brand B. marks C. makes D. trademarks 9. A. lose B. outgrow C. omit D. shed 10. A. external B. outside C. beyond D. indoors
PASSAGE 2: Read the following passage and choose the options that best complete the blank.(10 pts) CARNIVOROUS PLANTS
All plants rely on nutrients taken from the soil in order to survive. However, in areas where the soil does not contain enough vital nutrients, some plants have adapted to (1)………. their diets from another source: living organisms. Though they are few in number, carnivorous plants are nonetheless fascinating beings that eat anything from one-celled organisms to insects in order to survive. They are commonly found in marshlands. Carnivorous plants feature one of several types of traps to ensnare prey, which they consume to (2)………. nutrients that may be missing from the soil. While there are over 400 species of carnivorous plants in the world today, some are more (3)……….than others.
The most well-known of these plants are the snap traps, which include the Venus flytrap. Snap traps are easily identified by their leaves, which are separated into two lobes that have the ability to fold together. Inside the lobes, the surface is covered with tiny hairs that are (4)………. to movement. When the plant’s prey brushes against the hairs, it triggers a closing mechanism that rapidly brings the two lobes together, trapping the prey (5)……….inside. The response of the traps is phenomenal (6) ………. speed: the time between triggering the hairs and snapping shut is less than a second. As the prey struggles inside the trap, it only triggers more hairs, causing the leaves to tighten their (7)……….
The plant then secrets liquid chemicals from special glands into the trap to dissolve the prey and absorb all of its nutrients. Besides the Venus flytrap, only one other type of snap trap exists today, (8)………. to as the waterwheel plant. The two share a common ancestor and differ only in a few ways. (9)………., the waterwheel is an aquatic plant, while the flytrap is exclusively terrestrial. In addition, the flytrap feeds primarily on arthropods like spiders, while the waterwheel lives (10)……….simple invertebrates, like certain types of plankton.
1. A. feed B. enlarge C. supplement D. modify 2. A. break in on B. make up for C. get through with D. drop out of 3. A. dominant B. prevalent C. recessive D. popular 4. A. prone B. liable C. vulnerable D. sensitive 5. A. closely B. furiously C. steadily D. securely 6. A. in accordance with B. in regard to C. in preference to D. on merits of 7. A. grip B. snail C. fist D. seizure 8. A. implicated B. indicated C. referred D. denoted 9. A. For instance B. As a result C. In contrast D. Otherwise 10. A. onto B. with C. for D. off
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST
PASSAGE 1: Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word. (10 pts)
ALTERNATIVE FAST FOOD
It is generally agreed upon that fast food is a great solution to the problem of what to eat. However, it’s (1)…………as less nutritional than a healthy meal, which is what growing children need. For years,
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nutritionists have been trying to get children into the (2)…………of eating healthy food. Without a doubt, this has not been easy, getting in (3)………… that they have to compete with numerous fast food restaurants which are very popular with young people.
Nutritionists have lately come up with an idea which could (4)………… to be successful. This involve (5)………… children how to cook and in the process to enjoy the taste of fresh food. In the long (6)………… , this may keep them off fast food. There are already a number of school projects throughout Britain that are experimenting with the idea. They begin making vegetarian pizza - both the dough and the topping. Many children were impressed with their own homemade pizzas. (7)…………they compared their pizzas with ready-made ones, the differences were noticeable. They found the (8)………… greasy and not as
delicious as the homemade ones. Throughout the lesson, the children learn about the quality and become skillful in the different techniques involved in cooking. They become interested in cooking and in no (9)………… they even learn how to look after themselves by eating nutritious food.
Finally, nutritionists would like to get children cooking at home, too. It may be messy, but, it's also an (10)…………for parents to spend quality time with their children.
PASSAGE 2: Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word. (10 pts)
Every spring and fall, you can probably look up into the sky and see large flocks of birds either coming or going. This (1)…………of flying south for the winter and north for the summer is called migration. Birds migrate for a number of reasons. One reason is of course to escape the (2)…………conditions of winter. Although they have feathers, most birds are poorly (3)………… to deal with extremely cold temperatures. Their (4)…………are open to the wind and snow, and do little to keep the birds warm. Furthermore, birds often find it extremely difficult to gather enough food during the winter. By flying south (5)…………warmer climates during winter, birds avoid the cold temperatures and food shortages that other animals have to (6)………… during the winter months. Another reason is mating. Many birds will only lay their eggs in certain places and at certain times of the year. So, migration also occurs at mating times.
One of the amazing things about birds is the distances and the accuracy (7)…………which they migrate. Many birds are able to find their way back, to the exact same spots year after year despite having flown thousands of kilometres. The bar goose, for example, migrates over 30,000 kilometres each year without (8) …………its way. In order to travel such long distances without getting lost, bird s-use a variety of methods to help them (9)…………. One of the most important of these methods is the use of landmarks. From high in the air, birds have an excellent view of the land below them. They can see mountains, rivers and other (10)…………land features and use them to find their way.
II. WORD FORMS
PART 1: Give the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1. There is little hope that Maurice’s behavior will ever improve. It will probably remain so ………… till he grows up. (CORRECT)
2. The ………… project has just been launched in that university. (DEPARTMENT)
3. Matt says you must be good at ………… responsibilities of a restaurant owner. (TASK)
4. Everyone marveled at his ………… idea of organizing more field trips for students. (OBJECT)
5. He gets …………whenever he hears that song. (EYE)
6. She looked absolutely ………… when I told her what had happened. She could hardly say a word. (DUMB)
7. New immigrants have been successfully ………… into the community. (SIMILAR)
8. This school was once ………… as a military hospital during the war. (REQUIRE)
9. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on…………by individual schools. (VALUE)
10. He stood at the door to make sure that no one…………the party. (GATE)
PART 2: Complete the following passage with the correct forms of the given words.
front except secure labour check solid tend affirm alter sure
EXTRACT FROM A BOOK ABOUT MEETING
We are (1)…………by the experts that we are, as a species, designed for face-to-face communication. But does that really mean having every meeting in person? Ask the bleary-eyed sales team this question as they struggle (2)………… through their weekly teambuilding session and that answer is unlikely to be in the (3)…………. Unless you work for a very small business or have an (4)………… high boredom threshold, you doubtless spend more time sitting in meetings than you want to. Of course, you could always follow business Norman’s example. He liked to express (5)…………with customers queuing at the (6)………… by holding management meetings standing up. Is email a realistic (7)…………? It’s clearly a powerful tool for disseminating information, but as a meeting substitute, it's seriously flawed. Words alone can cause trouble. We’re all full of (8)………… that can be unintentionally triggered by others and people are capable of reading anything they like into an email. There is also a (9)…………for email to be used by people who wish to avoid ‘real’ encounters because they don’t want to be (10)……… with any awkwardness.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them .
BEETHOVEN
Ludwig Van Beethoven, one of the most popular classical composer of all time, is sometimes known as ‘the Shakespeare of music’. He was born in Bonne in 1770, and publishing his first work at the age of thirteen. Mozart was his teacher for a short time and they did not get on very well together; Beethoven was a difficult student.
Like a composer, Beethoven was a genius - but as a person, he was not very easy to like. He was a passionate man who controlled his temper very easily. He was also arrogant. The upper classes of Vienna used to invite him to parties, when he was often quite rude. He was once heard to say to a prince: ‘There will always be many princes, but there is uniquely one Beethoven.’
Nevertheless, Beethoven played some of the most beautiful symphonies the world has never heard. How was such an arrogant, badtempered man inspired to the write such romantic music? Perhaps the answer lies in the three letters that were found after his death. They were addressed to his ‘immortal Beloved’. Nobody knows that this woman was, but it appears that Beethoven was deeply in love with her for most of his adult life.
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain
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Line
1……………. 2……………. 3……………. 4……………. 5……………. 6……………. 7……………. 8……………. 9……………. 10……………
1 5 10 15.
unchanged.
1. My new job is much more satisfying than any job I’ve ever had.
→ My new job is far ……………………………………………. I’ve ever had.
2. If Tom hadn’t acted promptly to extinguish the fire, there might have been more damage to the house
→ But……………………………………the fire out, there might have been more damage to the house.
3. A child of his age is too young to be deceitful.
→ So……………………………………………………………………deceitful.
4. I’ve become extremely good at missing the rush hour over the last few weeks. (FINE)
→ I’ve got…………………………………………….over the last few weeks.
5. I feel that to brand her ideas unworkable at this stage would be wrong. (WRITE )
→ I don’t think …………………………………………….at this stage.
6. It’s crucial for us to control the juvenile inmates in a very strict way. (KEEP)
→ It’s crucial for us ……………………………………………. inmates.
7. You’ve done nothing but look miserable all day. (AROUND)
→ You’ve done…………………………………………….all day.
8. We don’t expect that the tourists in that accident have survived. (HOLD)
→ We don’t …………………………………………….in that accident.
9. Your story is different from the facts. (DOES)
→ Your story …………………………………………….the facts.
10. His excuse for such bad behavior has little effect on her. (NO)
→ His excuse …………………………………………….her.
ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC
A. multiple choice (40 PTS)
I. GRAMM AR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS):
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. - Jack: Did you know Jim’s car broke down on the highway late at night?
- Jane: Unfortunately, that’s a situation anyone…………..
A. might have to confront with B. might be confronted with C. might be confronted D. might have been confronted 2………….., I haven’t seen Catherine all day.
A. Come to think of it B. To come to think of it C. Coming to think it D. Coming to think of it 3. ………….. earning a great deal of money as a painter, Ivan Aivazovsky opened an art school and gallery in his hometown of Feodosiya.
A. Rather B. Since C. Upon D. Until 4. In your place, I…………..to others for help. There’s no way of getting the project finished yourself. A. would have turned B. must have turned C. will turn D. would turn 5. …………..chair the meeting. A. John was decided to B. It was decided that John should C. There was decided that John should D. John had been decided to 6. We all wished to be treated…………...
A. as equals B. as equally C. as equals D. equals 7. The great French novelist Honore de Balzac would make ………….. revision when he was proofreading his work that …………..was left of the original text in the end. A. too many / not enough B. such a lot of / a few C. plenty of / not many D. so much / little 8. She …………..fainted when she heard that her son had died. A. rather than B. nothing but C. all but D. near 9. I'll be kind to her…………..she decide to leave me. A. in case B. whereas C. so as not D. lest 10. Jasmine’s parents died when she was just a baby, so I…………..family she ever had. A. was all the B. was the whole C. have the whole D. have all the
II. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS)
11. He’s a tough politician - he knows how to …………..the storm. A. run down B. keep up C. push back D. ride out 12. Don’t take…………..your bad friends any more or you’ll regret it. A. up with B. in for C. down at D. for 13. He was unaware that he was being…………..with out-of-date stock. A. faded away B. clamped down C. petered out D. fobbed off 14. I was so tired that I just…………..in the armchair A. flaked out B. broke up C. dropped out D. fell over 15. I thought she was being serious, but she was only having me………….. A. up B. on C. over D. round 16. Peter: How old do you think Perkins is? Patrick: Oh, he must be getting…………..eighty, I’d say.
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A. away with B. about at C. down to D. on for 17. Nobody from the President down should imagine they are …………..the law.
A. beyond B. over C. within D. above 18. At first the children enjoyed the game but quite soon the novelty…………..
A. went off B. died out C. died down D. wore off 19. When attacked by his opponents, the general…………..with a strong justification for his policy.
A. hit back B. struck up C. leapt up D. pushed forward 20. The free tickets for the band’s concert were…………..within seconds by the enthusiasts flocking at the hall door.
A. run up B. broken up C. drawn up D. snapped up
III. VOCABULARY (10 PTS):
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. 21. I found the information for the project in the encyclopedia but I couldn't give…………..and verse on it.
A. chapter B. unit C. poem D. extract 22. During the riots, hundreds of people broke into the city’s main department store and…………..it. There was almost nothing left after the night had finished.
A. mugged B. looted C. conned D. stole 23. When his manager went on a business trip, Smith stepped into the…………..and chaired the meeting.
A. hole B. pool C. breach D. crack 24. The country has few natural resources and its economy has been………….. for some time now.
A. diseased B. unwell C. sickening D. ailing 25. Every time the government meets their demands, the union leaders shift the…………..
A. goalposts B. lamp-posts C. bus stops D. roadblocks
26. They worked from dawn to dusk with such………….. that they were exhausted.
A. boredom B. zeal C. crack D. debility
27. The Prime Minister will decide whether to release the prisoner or not; that’s his …………...
A. prerogative B. contortion C. derogatory D. abdication
28. The sheep were huddled into a ………….. to protect them from overnight frosts. A. pen B. hutch C. kennel D. barn 29. That human rights are…………..is unacceptable in a civilized society.
A. infringed B. impeached C. abrogated D. quashed 30. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by…………..
A. the hair of my head B. the skin of my teeth C. the nail of my finger D. the skin of my heels 31. Since he is too old to be a porter, they have decided to put him out to………….. A. the door B. grounds C. grass D. the kerb 32. Andrew Johnson was the first president of the US ever to be …………..primarily because of his violent temper and unyielding stubbornness.
A. impeached B. overthrown C. overpowered D. dethroned 33. If she wins the prize again this year, it’ll be a real………….. in her cap.
A. nutshell B. gemstone C. feather D. landmark 34. Maggie is so moody and unpredictable. She’s apt to fly off the …………..without any real cause.
A. handle B. strap C. catch D. belt
35. Despite a string of………….. performances he retained his place in the side.
A. promising B. reasonable C. satisfactory D. moderate
36. The earthquake………….. 6.5 on the Richter scale.
A. weighed B. measured C. achieved D. counted
37. It was…………..clear to me what they meant by their cold manner.
A. blatantly B. fully C. abundantly D. acutely
38. The international conference of the Cardiological Association has been…………..in Cairo to discuss the revolutionary discovery of doctor Gonzales from Mexico.
A. deployed B. collected C. mobilized D. summoned 39. I had a small accident with the car. One of the wings is a little ………….. A. stained B. jammed C. dented D. cracked 40. I've only been here for a week so I haven't got into the………….. yet.
A. swings of things B. groove of things C. rut of things D. swing of routine
IV. GUIDED CLOZE (10 PTS):
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
PASSAGE A:
Plants are (41) ………….. to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and (42)…………..or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or (43) ………….. tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect (44 )…………... Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and (45) …………..insects. If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective (46) …………..to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance (47)………….. alkaloids that normally repel potential pests. Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi. Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are (48)………….. different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis - that is, they become diseased and die - after being penetrated by a parasite ; the parasite itself (49)………….. ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site. Several theories have been (50)………….. to explain the bases of hypersensitive resistance.
41. A. likely B. inclined C. flexible D. subject 42. A. inducible B. causative C. influential D. medicinal 43. A. convert B. render C. alternate D. reimburse 44. A. embryos B. larvae C. larva D. caterpillars 45. A. immobilize B. demobilize C. deactivate D. depreciate 46. A. hindrances B. repellents C. deterrents D. expurgations 47. A. to B. for C. within D. under 48. A. efficaciously B. phenomenally C. fundamentally D. originally 49. A. following B. substantially C. procedurally D. subsequently 50. A. brought about B. worked out C. put forward D. laid down
PASSAGE B:
MOUND-BUILDER THEORIES
Some of the most impressive geographical features in North America are the many earth mounds (51)………….. around the continent. These earthworks are enormous artificial hills constructed by various Native American civilizations for (52) …………..purposes, such as burials worship, and they are
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thousands of years old, with the latest ones being finished hundreds of years before Europeans explored America. Upon their arrival, European explorers were impressed with the structures, but prejudice against the native tribes prevented them from (53)…………..Native Americans with their construction. Instead, American settlers developed several theories that claimed a superior but (54) ………….. "mound-builder" civilization made the earthworks. Moreover, particular details of different mound-builder theories reflected the specific prejudices of the people who supported them. For example, devout Christian groups like the Mormons argued that a (55)………….. Israeli society was responsible, and white Americans argued that only the Vikings could have built such mounds because they believed that their European (56) ………… was far superior to Native Americans. The (57)………….. of these myths showed how for centuries Americans selectively examined evidence and distorted science in order to support their own agendas (58) ………….. the natives. Prior to the 20th century, many Americans accepted the mound-builder theories as despite the dubious evidence that supported them. For instance, most believers argued that the presence of metal artifacts beneath the mounds showed that the natives couldn't have them because they had no knowledge of metallurgy. Some tribes did in fact possess such skills, and the presence of defensive walls around tribal lands indicates that Native Americans could indeed construct structures such as earth mounds. Nonetheless, most Americans (59)………….. such evidence and instead considered other potential candidates for the mound builders. Popular choices were ancient Chinese, Greek, or African civilizations, none of which were in prehistoric America. Other people argued that mystical (60)…………., such as God or people from mythical Atlantis, built the mounds.
51. A. scattered B. extended C. stretched D. covered 52. A. philosophical B. infinite C. ritualistic D. opportunistic
53. A. commemorating B. accrediting C. recognizing D. endowing
54. A. bygone B. disrupted C. exhausted D. extinct
55. A. secretive B. divine C. celestial D. sacred
56. A. forefather B. ancestors C. foregoer D. ancestry
57. A. persistence B. perseverance C. insistence D. determination 58. A. for B. towards C. against D. from 59. A. missed B. refuted C. dispatched D. disposed 60. A. rites B. vigors C. powers D. motivations
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 PTS):
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
PASSAGE A
MUSICAL TALENT
Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowed, musical talent appears earliest in life. Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons. Some develop exceptional skill as a result of a well - designed instructional regime, such as the Suzuki method for the violin. Some have a good fortune to be born into musical family in a household filled with music. In a number of interesting cases, musical talent is part of an otherwise disabling condition such as autism or mental retardation. A musically gifted child has an inborn talent, however, the extent to which the talent is expressed publicly will depend upon the environment in which the child lives.
Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of music, including pitch and rhythm. Pitch - or - melody - is more central in certain cultures, for example, in Eastern societies that make use of tiny quarter - tone interval. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and grouped according to a prescribed system, is emphasized in sub- Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic ratios can be very complex.
All children have some aptitude for making music. During infancy, normal children sing as well as babble, and they can produce individual sounds and sound pattern. Infants as young as two months can match their mother's songs in pitch, loudness, and melodic shape, and infants at four months can match rhythmic structure as well. Infants are especially predisposed to acquire these core aspects of music, and
they can also engage in sound play that clearly exhibits creativity.
Individual differences begin to merge in young children as they learn to sing. Some children can match segments of a song by the age of two or three. Many others can only approximate pitch at this age and may still have difficulty in producing accurate melodies by the age of five or six. However, by the time they reach school age, most children in any culture have a schema of what a song should be like and can produce a reasonably accurate imitation of the songs commonly heard in their environment.
The early appearance of superior musical ability in some children provide evidence that musical talent may be separate and unique form of intelligence. There are numerous tales of young artists who have a remarkable "ear" or extraordinary memory for music and a natural understanding of musical structure. In many of these cases, the child is average in every other way but displays an exceptional ability in music. Even the most gifted child, however, takes about ten years to achieve the levels of performance or composition that would constitute mastery of the musical sphere.
Every generation in music history has it famous prodigies - individuals with exceptional musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began composing and performing at the age of six. As a child, Mozart could play piano like an adult. He had perfect pitch, and at the age of nine he was also a master of the art of modulation – transitions from one key to another - which became one of the hallmarks of his style. By the age of eleven, he had composed three symphonies and 30 other major works. Mozart's well - developed talent was preserved into adulthood.
Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic of certain anomalies such as autism. In one case, an autistic girl was able to play "Happy Birthday" in the style of various composers, including Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert. When the girl was three, her mother called her by playing incomplete melodies, which the child would complete with the appropriate tone in the proper octave. For the autistic child, music may be the primary mode of communication, and the child may cling to music because it represents as a haven in a world that is largely confusing and frightening.
61. The word "precocity" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to…………
A. strong interest B. good luck C. advanced skill D. personal style
62. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the sentence printed in bold in paragraph 1?
A. Children may be born with superior musical ability, but their environment will determine how this ability is developed.
B. Every child is naturally gifted, and it is responsibility of the public schools to recognize and develop these talents.
C. Children with exceptional musical talent will look for the best way to express themselves through music - making.
D. Some musically talented children live in an environment surrounded by music, while others have little exposure to music.
63. The author makes the point that musical elements such as pitch and rhythm………… A. distinguish music from other art forms B. vary in emphasis in different cultures C. make music difficult to learn D. express different human emotions
64. The word "predisposed" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ………… A. inclined B. gifted C. pushed D. amused
65. According the passage, when does musical talent usually begin to appear?
A. When infants start to babble and produce sound patterns B. Between the ages of two and four months C. When children learn to sing at two or three years old D. Between ten years old and adolescence
66. According the passage, which of the following suggests that musical talent is the separate form of intelligence?
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A. Exceptional musical ability in an otherwise average child
B. Recognition of the emotional power of music
C. The ability of all babies to acquire core elements of music
D. Differences between learning music and learning language
67. Why does the author discuss Mozart in paragraph 6?
A. To compare past and present views of musical talent
B. To give an example of a well - known musical prodigy
C. To describe the development of individual musical skill
D. To list musical accomplishments of the eighteenth century
68. All of the following are given as examples of exceptional musical talent EXCEPT…………
A. a remarkable "ear" or perfect memory for music
B. ability to compose major works at a young age
C. appreciation for a wide variety of musical styles
D. playing a single song in the style of various composers
69. The word "haven" in paragraph 7 is closest meaning to ………….
A. beautiful art B. safe place C. personal goal D. simple problem
70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about exceptional musical ability?
A. It occurs more frequently in some cultures than in others.
B. It is evidence of a superior level of intelligence in other areas,
C. It has been documented and studied but is little understood.
D. It is the result of natural talent and a supportive environment.
PASSAGE B
THE BALANCE IN THE OCEANS
The oceans' predators come in all shapes and sizes. For example, one of the less infamous ones is the colorful starfish, which feeds on plant life, coral, or other shellfish such as mussels for sustenance. A more bloodcurdling example, especially to human beings and most other species of fish, is the shark, though most scientists agree that only ten per cent of the 450 plus species of sharks have been documented as actually attacking a human. Still, there is another predator lurking invisibly in the bodies of water of the world, one which poses one of the greatest threats to all species of ocean life - bacteria. Though many types of fish are continually stalking and evading one another for survival, they all band together in an attempt to keep bacteria levels at bay in order to allow, their own existence to continue.
Bacteria play a dual role in the ecosystems of the oceans. On the one hand, they are beneficial as they stimulate plant life through food decomposition, which releases the necessary chemicals for the growth of plant life. This is called nutrient recycling and helps keep the oceans alive. But, on the other hand, bacteria are a major predator for all fish because they attack fragile, weaker individuals. If they are allowed to run rampant and not kept in check, they could virtually suffocate the oceans. In water, bacteria prove to be an even greater threat than on land because, as they proliferate, they reduce the oxygen levels necessary for organisms in the oceans to live. Further, when fish populations become depleted due to factors like overfishing, microbes such as algae expand and threaten the fragile ecosystems of the ocean. Therefore, ocean predators play a critical role by thwarting bacteria growth and maintaining the oceans' equilibrium by reducing vulnerable links in the food chain.
In many ways, the balance within the oceans’ ecosystems mirrors the human body. That is, all of their components must work in harmony for them to stay healthy, efficient, and alive. If one of them is missing or deficient, an entire system can be placed in jeopardy. In both the human body and the ocean, bacteria play a vital role because, at manageable levels, they aid in protecting and cleaning each system of foreign agents that can be of harm. On the other hand, if bacteria levels increase and become out of control, they can take hold of a system, overrun it, and become debilitating. Therefore, both oceans and the human body have a kind of custodian that maintains bacteria levels. In the human body, it is called a phagocyte. Phagocytes eat up sick, old, or dying cells, which are more prone to bacterial invasion, and thus keep the
body healthy. Like in the human body, bacteria can prove fatal to the living organisms in the ocean. Like phagocytes in the human body ocean .predators work as antibacterial custodians of the seas. In essence, they are the immune system and a vital link in the food chain because they remove small, injured, or sickly fish from the ocean environment before bacteria can become too. comfortable and multiply. By ridding the ocean of weaker fish, predators allow the stronger ones to multiply, making their species stronger and more resilient. Without their services and with their declining numbers, bacteria will blossom to levels that will eventually overpower and kill even the strongest species of fish because of the depletion of their number one source of life, all important oxygen.
While the greatest battle in the ocean may seem on the surface to be the survival of the fittest fish, a closer look reveals something completely different: fish versus microorganisms. Clearly, most living organisms in the oceans are hunters by nature, but this way of life does not merely provide a food source for a dominant species. It also maintains a healthy level of bacteria in an ocean's ecosystem, thus ensuring the continuation of all species of life within. Major predators are necessary, like the antibacterial cells of the human body, to keep this delicate balance in synch. If their numbers continue to decline and humans ignore their vital role in the ocean, dire consequences will definitely result.
71. The word “lurking” in the passage is closest in meaning to………….
A. attacking B. increasing C. waiting D. approaching 72. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of ocean predators?
A. The shark is the deadliest one for all other kinds of life in the oceans.
B. One of the most threatening to all fish populations is bacteria.
C. Starfish do little damage to the population of mussels and shellfish. D. Most of the killers that hide in the oceans are unknown to humans.
73. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about bacteria?
A. They can be extremely detrimental to fish if their numbers increase. B. They are able to feed off themselves when other food sources are limited, C. They stimulate plant life, which in turn releases oxygen into the water.
D. They present themselves in numerous shapes and forms as well as colors.
74. The author discusses “nutrient recycling” in paragraph 2 in order to………….. A. show how bacteria act similarly in the ocean and the human body B. explain the different roles of nutrients and oxygen for species of fish C. indicate that bacteria do have a positive impact in the oceans D. note how chemicals from bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth
75. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the sentence in bold (“Though... continue”)?
A. Evasion tactics help fish escape from the threats posed by an increasing number of bacteria. B. Various species of fish prey upon one another in order to lower bacteria levels in the ocean. C. High bacteria levels in the ocean help most species of fish to survive by providing them with food. D. Rivals or not, all fish help one another survive by preventing bacteria from proliferating.
76. The word “thwarting” in the passage is closest in meaning to…………. A. encouraging B. preventing C. slowing D. sustaining
77. According to paragraph 2, bacteria are dangerous to ocean life because………….. A. they have the capability to attack both strong and weaker fish B. they could monopolize the critical breathable gas in the ocean C. they get rid of vulnerable links, like dying fish, in the food chain D. they blossom out of control when overfishing becomes dominant
78. The word “debilitating” in the passage is closest in meaning to………….. A. stimulating B. hindering C. elevating D. weakening 79. The author’s description of phagocytes mentions all of the following EXCEPT…………. A. They rid the human body of potentially dangerous organisms. B. They act in a similar manner as the predators of the ocean,
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C. They dispose of bacteria to make weakened cells revive.
D. They are cleaning agents in humans to maintain bacteria levels.
80. The word “It” in the passage refers to …………..
A. nature B. way of life C. food source D. dominant species
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. CLOZE TEST (20 PTS):
Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space
PASSAGE A
BRAIN GEL
A gel that helps brains recover from traumatic injuries has been developed by scientists at the Clemson University in South Carolina. The gel, which is injected in liquid (1)………….at the site where the injury was sustained, stimulates (2)………….cell growth in the affected area. In terms of circumstances (3)…… which it might be applied, the gel has the potential to treat a wide range of head injuries, including those arising from car accidents, falls and gunshot wounds.
Serious brain injuries are notoriously difficult to recover from on (4)…………. of the fact that the affected tissue can swell (5)…………. considerably, which causes additional collateral damage to the surrounding cells. Existing treatments do (6)………….more than attempt to limit secondary damage and are relatively ineffective, certainly when it comes to repairing the damaged cells, so the discovery of a gel which stimulates cell repair is being heralded (7)…………. revolutionary.
(8)…………. the wave of excitement now running through medical circles, it is important to note that results so far are based solely on observations of the effects of the gel on (9)…………. rats. The development of the treatment is very much still in its preliminary stage and human testing is expected to be some three years or more (10)………….yet.
PASSAGE B
The Dolby family gift is the largest philanthropic (11)…………. ever made to UK science, and will support the Cavendish Laboratory, the world-leading centre for physics (12) ………….where Ray Dolby received his PhD in 1961. Thanks to this exceptional gift, the University has now surpassed the £1 billion milestone in its current £2 billion fundraising campaign. This is the second generous gift to Cambridge (13) ………….the Dolby family, who donated £35 million to Pembroke College, Cambridge in 2015. The Dolby family is now the largest donor to the fundraising campaign, and the (14)………….-largest donor to the University in its 808-year history.
Ray Dolby, who died in 2013 at the age of 80, came to Cambridge as a Marshall Scholar in 1957. He received his PhD from the Cavendish in 1961, and was a student and later a Fellow of Pembroke College. In 1965, he founded Dolby Laboratories in London and invented the Dolby System, an analogue audio encoding system that forever improved the (15) ………….of recorded sound. He moved the company in 1976 to San Francisco, where it has been (16)………….ever since.
The new Cavendish Laboratory will be its third home since its founding in 1874, and was first announced by the government in its 2015 spending Review. It (12) …………. a £75 million investment in the Cavendish, which has been confirmed today, (18)…………. maintain Britain's position at the (19)…………. of physical sciences research. The funding will be delivered by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Work (20) …………. the new facility is expected to begin in 2019.
II. WORD FORMATION: (20PTS)
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. Since his bad habits were never broken when he was a child, they are now ………….. (CORRECT)
2. The ending was rather…………. considering the fact that the film had been so intense throughout.
(CLIMAX)
3. Environmental quality will be the………….for the 21st century. (WORD)
4. I found the last scene extremely moving and particularly………….. (DIRECT)
5. At that time, package holidays to tropical resorts were pretty much………….. (HEAR)
6. There is a craze for………….foods in our country these days. (CANCER)
7. With free-market globalization, investment funds can move………….from the rich countries to the developing countries. (IMPEDIMENT)
8. Airport officials said there had been no hint of trouble until radio contact was suddenly lost three minutes from…………. (DOWN)
9. Copyright is the…………., legally secured right to publish, reproduce, and sell the matter and form o f a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work. (ALIEN)
10………….pain is the reason for around 5% of all emergency department visits. (ABDOMEN)
PART
2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box
in conscientious industry emergence imply periphery development nation abound relent
The issues for (11)……….. economies are a little more straightforward. The desire to build on (12). ……….. land is not born out of desperation or necessity, but is a result of the (13)……….. march of the progress. Cheap labour and a relatively highly-skilled workforce make these countries highly competitive and there is a flood of (14)……….. investment, particularly from (15)………..looking to take advantage of the low wages before the cost and standard of living begin to rise, it is factors such as these that are making many Asian economies extremely attractive when viewed as investment opportunities at the moment. Similarly, in Africa, the relative (16) ……….. of precious metals and natural resources tends to attract a lot of exploitation companies and a whole sub-industry develops around and is completely dependent on this foreign-direct investment. It is understandable that countries that are the focus of this sort of attention can lose sight of the environmental (17) ………..of large-scale industrial development, and this can have devastating consequences for the natural world. And it is a vicious cycle because the more (18)……….. active a nation becomes, the greater the demand for and harvesting of natural resources. For some, the environment issues, though they can hardly be ignored, are viewed as a (19)………..concern. Indeed, having an environmental (20) ………..or taking environmental matters into consideration when it comes to decisions on whether or not to build rubber-tree plantations or grow biofuel crops would be quite prohibitive indeed. For those involved in such schemes it is a pretty black-and-white issue. And, for vast tracts of land in Latin America, for example, it is clear that the welfare of the rainforests matters little to local government when vast sums of money can be made from cultivating the land.
III. ERROR CORRECTION: (10PTS)
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.
SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY
1 5
Sport as a spectacle and photography as a way of recording action have developed together. At the arrival of the 20th century, Edward Muybridge was experimenting with photographs of movement. His pictures of a runner feature in every history of photography. Another milestone was when the scientist and the photographer Harold Edgerton extended the limits of photographic technology with his study of a drop of milk hitting the surface of a dish. Another advance was the development of miniature cameras in the late 1920s, that made it possible for photographers to put their cumbersome cameras behind.
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10 15 20
The arrival of television was a significant development in the transmission of sport. Paradoxically, it was having benefit to still photographers.
People who watched a sport event on TV, with all their movement and action, valued the still image as a reminder of the game.
Looking back, we can see how radically sports photography has changed. Early sports photographers were so interested in the stories behind the sport as in the sport itself. Contemporary sports photography emphasizes the glamour of sport, the colour and the action. But the best sports photographers today do more than just simply tell the story of the event, or take a record of it. They capture in a single dramatic moment the real emotions of the participants, emotions which people looking at the photographs can identify.
1…………….. 2…………….. 3……………..
4…………….. 5…………….. 6……………..
7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10……………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: (20 PTS)
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given
1. Frankly speaking, I do not think that nature and nurture are equally significant. (SUBSCRIBE) To put............................................. ............................................... significance.
2. In the area, Thailand used to be much better than all other countries in football. (HEAD) In the area, Thailand doesn't ............ .................................................... longer
3. He hid the truth about the matter because he didn’t want to lose his high position. (CARPET) For fear that ......... ..............................................................................................
4. He indicated very clearly that he would do anything to obtain the contract. (LENGTHS) He gave............................................
5. I didn't dare to tell the truth because my father was there. (GUTS) Had it ....... ....................................
6. It was not until five years had elapsed that the whole truth about the murder came out. Not for........................... ................
7. She was surprised when he suddenly asked her to marry him. (TOOK) His ...............................................
8. He seems to find the way Mimi behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. Far from .............................................................. ......... ............. amused by it.
9. After the expedition, I realized that she was not an efficient researcher. (SHAKES) It dawned .............................................. .......................................a researcher.
10. The accused may imagine a plan of killing the witness. (AWAY) The accused may conceive .............. .................................... ............................
A.
THI ĐỀ NGHỊ
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN BỈNH KHIÊM - VĨNH LONG
MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. WORD CHOICE:
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. He cannot.................. ignorance as his excuse; he should have known what was happening in his own department.
A. Insist B. defend C. refer D. plead
2. Employees who have a ....................are encouraged to discuss it with the management.
A. Hindrance B. grievance C. disadvantage D. disturbance
3. The police have been ordered not to ............... if the students attack them
A. Combat B. challenge C. retaliate D. rebuff
4. In spite of his poor education, he was a most.....................speaker. A. Attentive B. ambiguous C. articulate D. authoritarian 5. Sparkling pools of water lay trapped among the rocks as the tide..................... A. removed B. refilled C. retired D. receded 6. ...................through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale A. forage B. ravage C. rummage D. salvage 7. They began constructing the bridge in 1960, but several years........ ........before the project was completed.
A. elapsed B. advanced C. proceeded D. progressed 8. People still haven’t ..................how dangerous pollution can be. A. remarked B. realised C. noted D. minded 9. Competitive ................. is an essential requirement for success in the entertainment industry. A. mind B. thought C. spirit D. soul 10. You must complete the Business................. course satisfactorily before you can progress to the third year.
A. Morals B. Values C. Rights D. Ethics
II. STRUCTURES & GRAMMAR
Choose the best option A, B, C or D. 1. He tried to make out that the fake painting he had ..................genuine. A. to be B. being C. been D. was 2. The city libraries present a gloomy picture of the .................. who used to flock the libraries every evening. A. gradual reduction of readers B. gradual readers reduction C. gradual readers of reduction D. reduction gradual readers
3. Centuries of erosion have exposed.................. rock surfaces in the Painted Desert of northern Arizona. A. in colors of the rainbow B. colored like a rainbow C. rainbow-colored D. a rainbow's coloring
4. The temperature..................takes place varies widely from material to material. A. which melting B. at which melting C. at which they melt D. which they melt
5. Legend..................that Robin Hood fired an arrow from his dead-bed and was buried where the arrow landed.
A. tells it B. says it C. makes it D. has it
6. A major problem in the construction of new buildings.................. A. is that windows have been eliminated while air conditioning systems have not been perfected. B. is they have eliminated windows and still don’t have good air conditioning,
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C. is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners don’t work.
D. is dependent on the fact that while they have eliminated windows, they are not capable to produce efficient air conditioning systems.
7. There’s no point in telephoning him. He’s certain.................. by now. A. to leave B. to have left C. left D. having left 8. .................. , the catfish is prized for its taste.
A. With ugly look B. As ugly looking C. Ugly looking as it is D. As it is ugly looking
9. Mr. Gump supposes,.................. , that he will retire at 60.
A. like most people did B. as most of people C. like most people do D. as do most people
10. On the battle field ...................
A. the tanks lay B. did the tanks lie C. lay the tanks D. lied the tanks
III. PREPOSITIONS & PHRASAL VERBS
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. This is the time of the year when stores..................their prices, so you can get good deals.
A. mark on B. mark through C. mark up D. mark down
2. You shouldn’t have sent Sebastian that Valentine’s card. I think you’ve scared him...................
A. back B. down C. off D. through
3. His bad bahaviour was put.................. his upbringing.
A. down to B. with C. off D. up 4. hl the end, the detective managed to..................down the dangerous criminal. A. find B. track C. get D. hit 5. He is not exactly rich but he certainly earns enough to ...................
A. get through B. get by C. get on D. get in 6. The robbers packed the money into a suitcase and.................. in a van that waited for them in the street.
A. put through B. rolled over C. carried away D. made off 7. The weather was fine, and everyone was..................the coast.
A. going for B. making for C. joining in D. seeing about 8. Learning English isn’t so difficult once you..................
A. get down to it B. get off it C. get on it D. get down with it 9. Sometimes a postman .................. some terrible handwriting and didn't know where the letter should go. A. ran away with B. ran up with C. ran up against D. run without 10. Beaches were..................as police searched for canisters of toxic waste from the damaged ship. A. sealed off B. cut off C. washed up D. kept out
IV. COLLOCATIONS & IDIOMS
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence
1. Peter is a librarian but this job is not suitable for him because he has chances of traveling................... He should be a tour guide.
A. in a mind B. on the head C. on the brain D. in the heart
2. I think people who help the old, poor, sick and homeless are...................
A. the sugar of the sea B. the salt of an ocean C. the salt of the earth D. the sugar of the ocean
3. The teacher..................when she knew that more than ten students cheated in her test.
A. angry B. crazy C. hit the roof D. beat the desk
4. We don't want to continue our business any longer. All the goods will..................so that we can close at the end of this month.
A. be sold out B. be solved thoroughly C. go for a song D. go with colour
5. He looked.................. at the security guard of the supermarket when this man asked him to open his bag. A. daggers B. angry C. up to D. attentively 6. Don’t be angry with Sue. All that she did in good.................. A. hope B. belief C. idea D. faith 7. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by................... A the hair of my head B. the skin of my teeth C. the nail of my finger D. the skin of my heels
8. The sixth time he called me at night was the ... A. last cause B. last straw C. touch and go D. hot air 9. I do not think there is so much as a ..................of truth in that rumor.
A. crumb B. speck C. grain D. pebble 10...................the public concern about the local environment, this new road scheme will have to be abandoned.
A. As regards B. In the event of C. In view of D. However much
V. READING COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE 1: Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, an acute febrile illness, is transmitted to man by ticks. Prevention is attained primarily by avoidance of tick-infested areas. When this impractical, personal prophylactic measures include the wearing of clothing which interferes with attachment of ticks, i.e., boots and a onepiece outer garment, preferably impregnated with a tick repellent, and daily inspection of the entire body, including the hairy parts, to detect and remove attached ticks.
In removing attached ticks, great care should be taken to avoid crushing the arthropod, with resultant contamination of the bite wound. Touching the tick with gasoline or whisky encourages detachment, but gentle fraction with tweezers applied close to the mouth parts may be necessary. The skin area should be disinfected with soap and water or other antiseptics. Similarly, precautions should be employed in removing engorged ticks from dogs and other animals, since infection through minor abrasions on the hands is possible. Vaccines are available commercially and should be used for those exposed to great risk, viz., persons frequenting highly endemic areas and laboratory workers exposed to the agent. Since the broad-spectrum antibiotics were shown to be such excellent therapeutic agents in Spotted Fever, there has been less impetus for vaccination of persons who run only a minor risk of infection.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the symptoms of Spotted Fever. B. To explain how to treat Spotted Fever, C. To warn of the danger of Spotted Fever. D. To outline the types of Spotted Fever.
2. The word “acute” in line 1 is closet in meaning to A. fatal B. violent C. serious D. incurable.
3. From the passage, it can be inferred that ticks are A. prickly plants B. biting animals C. poisonous reptiles D. blood-sucking insects.
4. The word “this” refers to A. prevention B. avoidance C. attachment D. clothing
5. The author suggests all of the following as preventative measures against Spotted Fever EXCEPT A. removing hair from body B. dressing in suitable clothes C. staying away from infested areas. D. using appropriate sprays.
6. The word “fraction” could be replaced by A. dissection B. examination C. investigation D. removal
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7. The author states that most people become ill with Spotted Fever through
A. squeezing the body of a tick B. playing with dogs C. working in laboratories D. not washing with soap and water.
8. According to the passage, if whisky is applied to a tick, it A. attaches itself to the mouth B. becomes very confused C. bites the person D. falls off the body
9. The word “impetus” is closest in meaning to A. haste B. need C. chance D. thought
10. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A. There is no known cure for Spotted Fever.
B. All people in the Rocky Mountains should vaccinated
C. Most medicines are ineffectual against spotted Fever.
D. Spotted Fever is controllable with the use of suitable antibiotics.
PASSAGE 2: Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question THE CREATORS OF GRAMMAR
No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing word sequences and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are able to communicate tiny variations in meaning. We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning. Nor is this complexity inherent to the English language. All languages, even those of so-called 'primitive' tribes have clever grammatical components. The Cherokee pronoun system, for example, can distinguish between ‘you and I’, 'several other people and I' and 'you, another person and I'.. In English, all these meanings are summed up in the one, crude pronoun 'we'. Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is. So the question which has baffled many linguists is - who created grammar?
At first, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence. Many historical linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible.
Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened, and who did what to whom. [A] Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. [B] Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. [C] Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted their words to create a new, expressive language. [D] Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children.
Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a series of gestures; they utilise the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. Moreover, there are many different languages used worldwide. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in 1979 a new government introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught speech and lip reading in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures that they used at home. It was basically a pidgin. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no consistent grammar. However, children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was already around, developed a quite different sign language. Although it was based on the signs of the older
children, the younger children's language was more fluid and compact, and it utilised a large range of grammatical devices to clarify meaning. What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way. A new creole was born.
Some linguists believe that many of the world's most established languages were creoles at first. The English past tense - ed ending may have evolved from the verb 'do'. 'It ended' may once have been 'It enddid'. Therefore it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first trying to make sense of the world around them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
1. In paragraph 1, why does the writer include information about the Cherokee language?
A. To show how simple, traditional cultures can have complicated grammar structures B. To show how English grammar differs from Cherokee grammar C. To prove that complex grammar structures were invented by the Cherokees. D. To demonstrate how difficult it is to learn the Cherokee language
2. What can be inferred about the slaves' pidgin language?
A. It contained complex grammar. B. It was based on many different languages. C. It was difficult to understand, even among slaves. D. It was created by the land-owners.
3. All the following sentences about Nicaraguan sign language are true EXCEPT: A. The language has been created since 1979. B. The language is based on speech and lip reading. C. The language incorporates signs which children used at home. D. The language was perfected by younger children.
4. In paragraph 3, where can the following sentence be placed?
It included standardised word orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the pidgin language, nor the language of the colonizers.
A B C D
5. 'From scratch in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to: A. from the very beginning B. in simple cultures C. by copying something else D. by using written information
6. 'Make-shift' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to: A. complicated and expressive B. simple and temporary C. extensive and diverse D. private and personal
7. Which sentence is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence?
Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is A. All languages, whether they are spoken by a few people or a lot of people, contain grammar. B. Some languages include a lot of grammar, whereas other languages contain a little. C. Languages which contain a lot of grammar are more common that languages that contain a little. D. The grammar of all languages is the same, no matter where the languages evolved.
8. All of the following are features of the new Nicaraguan sign language EXCEPT: A. All children used the same gestures to show meaning. B. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language, C. The hand movements were smoother and smaller. D. New gestures were created for everyday objects and activities.
9. Which idea is presented in the final paragraph?
A. English was probably once a creole. B. The English past tense system is inaccurate. C. Linguists have proven that English was created by children. D. Children say English past tenses differently from adults.
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10. Look at the word 'consistent' in paragraph 4. This word could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. natural B. predictable C. imaginable D. uniform
IV. CLOZE TEST
CLOZE TEST 1: Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D which best fits each space
Film directors usually make the least promising subjects for biography. They tend to stay behind the camera and get on with making films, emerging only to make the particular promotional statement. Only rarely is a film-maker interesting enough to (1)…………. biographical interest, and some pay off the attention handsomely. What biographer could (2) …………. analyzing Hitchcock, Woody Allen or Polanski? These directors, in any case, were themselves sufficiently absorbed in their own (3)………….to cross over the other side of the camera and (4)…………. themselves to the public.
Much of Jean Renoir's public profile is (5)…………. on his appearance in his final film. But judging by the most recent biography, by Ronald Bergan, the man was simply not interesting. He grew up in the benevolent (6) ………….of his painter father, against whom he appears not to have (7)………….in any way, emerged to make his own (8)…………. in the early life and went on making films for most of the rest of his life. Even when (9)…………. by war, Renoir seems to have (10)…………. his career with.
1. A. award B. prize C. value D. merit
2. A. oppose B. resist C. confront D. expel
3. A. view B. image C. trend D. expression
4. A. display B. examine C. allow D. distinguish
5. A. described B. based C. imagined D. gathered
6. A. memory B. vision C. shadow D. regard
7. A. rebelled B. related C. referred D. resisted
8. A. spot B. field C. mark D. point
9. A. faced B. tackled C. charged D. opposed
10. A. flown B. sailed C. wandered D. run
CLOZE TEST 2: Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D which best fits each space
It's a sleepy village, whose main features are a central square with a fountain and an unpretentious restaurant.(l)…………. the place for an internationally famous exhibition attracting 15000 visitors, one would think. Yet Bussière-Badil has just that reputation in the world of ceramics.(2)…………., when a pottery fair was first held there over 30 years ago, it was only one in all of France, and it is still the country's only ceramics fair that (3)………….four days
But why here? There is a seam of clay which runs through the area, but it is red clay of the type used to make tiles and bricks as (4)…………. pots, so there is no (5)…………. tradition of art pottery. The idea of the fair started when a Portuguese potter by the name of Miguel Calado (6)…………. a studio in the village at the (7)…………. of the mayor, himself a local tile-maker, who was determined to put the region on the map.
And he has certainly succeeded. Every year, up to 40 potters from all over France and beyond (8)…… on the village to display their wares in a huge purpose-built shed. (9)…………. on the show range from the utilitarian to the decorative, with every nuance in between. And the crowds come to look, to (10)…………. at the potters’ art, and to buy.
1. A. Barely B. Seldom C. Hardly D. Unlikely
2. A. Nevertheless B. However C. Indeed D. Otherwise
3. A. perseveres B. endures C. continues D. lasts
4. A. opposed to B. rather than C. instead of D. apart form
5. A. certain B. particular C. exact D. individual
6. A. turned up B. took up C. made up D. set
7. A. instigation B. advice C. encouragement D. persuasion
8. A. gather B. assemble C. converge D. collect
9. A. Issues B. Items C. Matters D. Topics
10. A. astonish B. fascinate C. amaze D. marvel
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST
OPEN CLOZE TEST 1: Fill in each numbered space with one suitable word:
Everyone wants to reduce pollution. But the pollution is (1) ..................complicated as it is serious. It is serious. It is complicated (2 ).................much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. For example (3)........................from automobiles cause a large percentage of all air pollution. But the automobile (4)....... transportation for millions of people.
Factories (5).................... much of the material that pollutes air and water, but factories give employment to a large number of people.
Thus, to end (6)...................... greatly reduce pollution immediately, people would have to stop using many things that (7)..................them. Most people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be (8)................. reduced in several ways. Scientist and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the amount of pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce laws that (9)................... businesses and (10).......................to stop, or cut down on certain polluting activities.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2: Fill in each numbered space with one suitable word
Copyright is the inalienable, legally secured right to publish, reproduce, and sell the matter and form of a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work. Copyright is designed (1)..................... to protect an artist, publisher, or other owner against any unauthorised copying of his works - as by reproducing the work in any material form, publishing it, performing it in public, filming it, broadcasting it, causing it to be distributed to (2) ................ or making any adaptation of the work. A copyright supplies a copyright holder with a kind of ownership over the created material, (3)................. assures him of both control over its use and the monetary benefits derived from it. Historically, copyrights grew (4) ..................... of the same system as royal patent grants, by which certain authors and printers were given the exclusive (5)..... to publish books and other materials. The (6).........................purpose of such grants was not to protect authors' or publishers' rights but to (7) .....................government revenue and to give governing authorities control over publicised contents. The Statute of Anne, passed in England in 1710, was a (8)...................in the history of copyright law as it recognised that authors should be the (9).......................beneficiaries of copyright law. Today, the Berne Convention of 1886 and the Universal Copyright Convention of 1955 protect rights (10) ..................... an international level recognised in all countries.
II. WORD FORMS
WORD FORM 1: Supply the correct forms of the words in brackets
1. I was late because I......................how much time I would need. (estimate)
2. I don't care if you'd had too much to drink. Your behaviour last night was quite ................. (defend)
3. The cat is ...............in the sunshine. (luxury)
4. Don't judge the matter by my opponent's.................. statement, but wait till you have heard the other side. (lateral)
5. Some phones can recognize your voice and be ........................by it. (act)
6. Are all those....................they put in food really necessary? (add)
7. The bicycle I lent Tom had been in good condition, but he returned it in .....................(repair)
8. She complained.................. about his rudeness. (cease)
9. 1 try to .....................an occasion when I might be 600 feet below a level. (vision).
10...................and overpopulation are two of the most difficult problems in the Third World countries. (forest)
WORD FORM 2:
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Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
FLAMENCO DANCE
The essence of flamenco is song, often accompanied by the guitar and improvised dance. Music and dance can be placed into specific groups. These categories are usually located across a continuum with subjects dealing with the profound to those that are light-hearted. (1. TYPE) .........................., the themes of death, anguish and despair, in contrast to love, gaiety and the countryside are (2. DRAMA)...... .. In flamenco dance, the men's steps are intricate, with toe and heel clicking. Footwork in women's dancing is of less importance, with the (3. GRACE)................. use of hands and body taking (4. PRECEDE ) In the dance, the arm, hand and foot movements closely resemble those of classical Hindu dance. Essential to traditional flamenco is the performer's interpretation of the dance (5. HINDER)................ by the emotion of the music. Performances are often accompanied by rapid hand clapping, finger snapping and (6. COURAGE).................... shouts. The dancers themselves frequently employ linger snapping in complex rhythms including the use of castanets. This dance form was (7. PROFESSION)...................in the 19th century, when Romany people first began to perform in cafes. In this environment, (8. DEPART) ....... from the traditional form occurred. Unfortunately, the pressures of the (9. COMMERCE) ................. stage meant that rehearsed routines replaced the (10. SPONTANEOUS).................... of the original flamenco performances.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
The passage below contains 10 errors. Underline and correct them. Write your answers in the space provided on the right. (0) has been done for you as an example. 1 5 10 15
Whirlwind, any rotating air mass, include the tornado and the large cyclonic and anti-cyclonic storm. In meteorology, the term whirlwind is more strictly application to the smaller swirling atmospheric phenomenon commonly known as dust devil or dust whirl, which occurs mostly over deserts and semiarid plains during hot, calm days. The principle cause of whirlwind is intense insulation, or incoming solar radiation received from the earth, which produces an overheated air mass just above the ground. This air mass arises, usually in the form of a cylindrical column, sucks up loose surface material, just as dust, sand, and leaves. Whirlwinds vary with height from 30 to 152 m, but exceptionally vigorous dust devils may exceed 1,524 m in height. The vortices of whirlwinds range in size from a few meters to several hundred meters and, depend on their force and size, dust devils may disappear in seconds and last several hours. Brief whirlwinds are erratic in motions, but the longer-lasting ones move slowly with the prevailing winds.
3. The play is so popular that the theater is likely to be full every night.
4. They will not announce the decision formally.
No formal......................................... 5. The boy was about to cry when he was reprimanded by his mother.
The boy was on ................................... Rewrite the following sentences using the given words. The given word must not be altered in any way 6. He maintained his position against his adversary. (GROUND)
7. I suddenly realized the meaning of a “freebie”. (DAWNED)
8. Most stores will accept a credit card instead of cash. (ALTERNATIVE)
9. The bank robbers escaped in a stolen car. (GETAWAY)
10. Don't panic about something so trivial. (MOUNTAIN)
SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
about my problem?
it
2. They declared war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights.
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1………………… 2………………… 3.………………… 4………………… 5………………… 6.………………… 7………………… 8………………… 3.………………… 10.………………..
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206
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IV.
Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it means the same as the given one 1. Can I speak to someone
Would
.........................................................................................................
→ The excuse........................................................................
Such........................................................................
→
→
→
→
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→…………………………………………………………………………
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A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40
I. PH ONO LOGY
PTS)
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. apathy B. unanimous C. catalyst D. attorney
2. A. tarantula B. restitution C. congratulation D. Portuguese
3. A. hierarchy B. machete C. moustache D. niche
4. A. immunity B. inundated C. munificent D. dubious
5. A. audit B. raucous C. draught D. manslaughter
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three
6. A. ubiquitous B. infuriating C. promotional D. hypocritical
7. A. meningitis B. anaesthetic C. congenital D. promiscuous
8. A. homicide B. internship C. incumbent D. sycophant
9. A. tyrannical B. subservient C. obstentably D. taxidermy
10. A. zealot B. hermit C. morbid D. concoct
II. WORD CHOICE (5 pts):
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. You shouldn't……………into other's people private lives.
A. prowl B. prod C. proceed D. pry
2. he will be sued for…………… of contract if he does not do what he promised.
A. fracture B. crack C. rupture D. breach
3. Sandra's…………… sin is pride.
A. redeeming B. overriding C. besetting D. overwhelming
4. In spite of working their fingers to the …………… , all the staff were made redundant.
A. nail B. edge C. flesh D. bone
5. It was her…………… powers at the keyboard rather than her age which eventually forced her retirement.
A. meteoric B. waning C. slippery D. negative
6. He has been……………for gross misconduct.
A. impressed B. impounded C. impeached D. impelled
7. It seems our application has been refused………
A. point blank B. bull's eye C. carte blanche D. about face
8. I don't believe there's a ……………of evidence that could be held against him.
A. shred B. grain C. drop D. strain
9. I find the prose style of many American writers virtually……………
A. illegible B. impenetrable C. impermeable D. incorrigible
10. I thought the bill for just two people was simply ……………
A. exhaustive B. exorbitant C. execrable D. exalted 11. Mozart's mature compositions are……………better than his juvenilia. A. significantly B. utterly C. flatly D. strenuously 12. Mr Parris said he'd like…………… by Monday, if that's possible, A. finished the report B. the report finished C. the report will be finished D. have the report finished 13. Were……………my dad, I would never have started playing tennis in the first place. A. it for B. it to be for C. it hadn't been for D. it not for 14. It's amazing how Jenny acts as though she and Darren ……………serious problems at the moment. A. aren't having B. hadn't had C. weren't having D. hadn’t been having
15. The rents in this area are ……………the highest in the city.
A. far from away B. away by far C. far and away D. far to away 16……………I’d like to help you out, I’m afraid I just haven't got any spare money at the moment. A. Even B. Despite C. Much as D. Try as 17. This government would destroy all our civil liberties,……………half a chance. A. given B. being given C. giving D. having been given 18. So…………… that they actually finished three weeks early.
A. were the builders fast B. fast the builders were C. the builders were fast D. fast were the builders 19. I feel ……………to inform the committee that a number of members are very unhappy with the decision.
A. my duty B. this my duty C. it my duty D. that my duty 20. I'm ……………my brother is. A. nowhere like so ambitious B. nothing as ambitious than C. nothing near as ambitious as D. nowhere near as ambitious as
III. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS. (5 pts)
1. You can bank…………… our support any time you are in need. A. at B. in C. on D. from 2. Her method of fishing for comments will certainly be ……………siege. A. at B. for C. under D. with 3. After 10 years in business, the Browns have……………2 million dollars. A. called up B. collected up C. pulled up D. racked up 4. His classmates are always…………… him for his oversized nose.
A. lazing around B. picking on C. running down D. shrinking from 5. It seems a lot of us are putting ourselves……………the mercy of material comfort. A. at B. in C. on D. under 6. It wasn't clear to me what they were……………by those sentences. A. driving at B. getting on C. stabbing at D. opting out 7. That your son keeps himself aloof…………… people is quite worrying. A. from B. for C. of D. to 8. What I hate about Alice is that she’s always trying to ……………teachers for favors. A. crying out for B. making up for C. pinning down to D. sucking up to 9. The Prime Minister's declaration that taxes will be raised has put the public…………… an uproar. A. at B. in C. to D. with 10. I personally never…………… the idea that to be attractive you have to be thin. A. dream up B. hold back C. buy into D. fall out
IV. GUIDED CLOZE READING (10 pts):
Choose the word/phrase that best fits each blank in the following texts.
TEXT 1
Parent-teen relationships are among the most important in a youth's life. Whether a parent is (1)……… love, criticism, or old-fashioned rulemaking, the structure and stability of a healthy parental relationship with teens can make a huge impact (2)…………… their stressful adolescent lives. A healthy parent-teen relationship may mean the difference between swift justice and months of harassment. Mothers, fathers, and family communication (3)……………are all important in unique ways.
The mother-teen relationship is one of the most important relationships a child can have. Research has (4)…………… that a mother has great influence over their child's decisions about sex, drugs, alcohol, body image, ... Fathers also have a special (5)…………… in the lives of healthy teens. Fathers are the backbone
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of American family life, and it’s often on them that the foundations for their children's future lives they are (6)……………. Involved fathers are present in a child’s life to give everything from advice to independence. For example, teens with fathers who are active in their lives are more independent as adults, have (7)…………… self-esteem, are less likely to be (8)……………or commit suicide, and are often happier. For daughters, a "daddy's little girl" relationship is a large pail of what (9)…………… happy teenage girls. Dads build self-confidence in young women and give them a special (10)……………of achievement that can only come when given by an authoritative male figure.
1. A. donating B. offering C. providing D. supplying 2. A. in B. on C. under D. to 3. A. in general B. in all C. in contrast D. in full 4. A. expressed B. hinted C. implied D. suggested 5. A. emphasis B. part C. place D. status
6. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. lain 7. A. longer B. deeper C. higher D. larger 8. A. depressed B. desperate C. hurt D. stressed 9. A. brings up B. makes up C. sets up D. turns up 10. A. emotion B. feeling C. impression D. sentiment
TEXT 2
Adult education is a practice in which adults engage in systematic and (1)…………. self-educating activities in order to gain new (2)………….of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values. It can mean any form of learning adults engage in beyond traditional schooling, (3)…………. basic literacy to personal (4)…… as a lifelong learner.
In particular, adult education reflects a specific philosophy about learning and teaching based on the (5)…………. that adults can and want to learn, that they are able and willing to take responsibility for that learning, and that the learning itself should respond to their needs.
Driven by what one needs or wants to learn, the opportunities (6)…………., and the manner in which one learns, adult learning is affected by demographics, globalization and technology. The learning happens in m any ways and in many (7)…………. just as all adults' lives differ.
Educating adults differs from educating children in several ways given, that adults have (8)…………. knowledge and work experience which can add to the learning experience. Most adult education is voluntary, therefore, the participants are (9)…………. self-motivated, unless required to participate, by an employer. The science and art of helping adults learn, the practice of adult education is referred to as andragogy, to distinguish it from the traditional school-based education for children pedagogy. Unlike children, adults are seen as more (10)…………., rather than relying on others for help.
1. A. attain B. pertain C. retain D. sustain
2. A. forms B. means C. patterns D. shapes
3. A. decomposing B. decompressing C. encompassing D. encroaching
4. A. contentment B. fulfilment C. recognition D. realization
5. A. assumption B. notion C. resumption D. speculation 6. A. at will B. in hand C. in store D. on offer
7. A. contexts B. manners C. occurrences D. situations
8. A. accomplished B. accommodated C. accumulated D. accredited 9. A. all in all B. by and large C. in principle D. on the whole 10. A. self-absorbed B. self-accessed C. self-directed D. self-possessed
V. READING COMPREHENSION
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
READING 1
A DANCER'S LOT
All across London, they emerge from underground stations and buses; bags slung over their shoulders and taut stomachs beneath thick winter overcoats. Nobody recognises them, as they head for freezing upstairs rooms in tatty gymnasiums or slink into backstage theatre doors, even though they appear regularly in sold-out musicals and favourite television shows. They earn precious little, even those who perform live with famous singers, and have no real prospects, doing what they're doing, despite having hustled and sweated themselves to the 10 heights of one of Britain's most demanding professions. But still they go, every morning, to their grim upstairs rooms in gyms and their backstreet backstage doors, to dance.
Most have left behind worried parents in faraway towns and villages; made repeated promises to look after themselves and is taken trains, in-their late teenage years, for London. There's much to despise about the city, where talent and a reptilian grade of resilience, although prerequisites, provide no guarantee of success. Even auditions are becoming rare. Conscious of deadlines and financial constraints, choreographers call in talent from the blessed pool of their own chosen. If you aren't the right height, don’t have the right face, hair or sartorial style, then don't expect a look in. Although choreographers occasionally seek out the beautiful, they’re mostly instructed to hunt the bland: those least likely to outshine the stars. And, as many dancers will tell you, it’s getting to the point where mediocrity is acceptable; there’ll be someone over there out of sync, someone over there who can't hold her arm still.
And if they get a part, increasingly dancers are turning up for jobs where the choreographer just stands there and works them endlessly, fingers clicking: ‘Again, again, again’. As one dancer Melanie Grace says, 'You dance for the love and the passion, and keep your mouth shut because you don't want to get a reputation.' It’s not always easy though. You think the television shows provide changing rooms? For dancers? Even the big budget ones have them disrobing in a comer of the canteen - and the pay's lousy. But you have to ignore it, keep your head down. You're in London now. You’re one of many; one of nothing. The sooner you accept that, the better you'll get on. Of the fleets of talented dancers who try only a quarter make it, the rest simply can't process the ruthlessness - to dance in London is hard on the soul.
Yet most of the dancers have agents, who you might think would negotiate a better fee or conditions for their dancers, but no. You'll never meet a dancer who thinks their agent deserves their twenty percent cut of the fee. Mostly you’ll just get a text or email notifying you of an audition and a single agent might have as many as two hundred dancers on, their books. As Melanie says, ‘It's catch-22, because you won’t hear about the auditions without one .’ Here’s the job, take it or leave it, and if so you leave it, they'll just hire someone straight out of college and pay them even less.
Oh, the annual churn of the colleges. The dancers hear it constantly the sound of the machine in the distance, its ceaselessly grinding gears that, with every coming year; push out hundreds of new dancers, each one younger and hungrier and less jaded than you. And with every release of fresh limbs into the stew of the city things get harder. The worst thing the kids can do is accept a job for no pay. They do it all the time. One website has become notorious for television and pop-video production companies scrounging for trained people to work for nothing but exposure. And if the youngsters are fresh out of dance school, despairing of their blank CV and craving the love of those ranks of sparkle-eyed strangers, they’ll leap at the chance. It’s the reason things are getting harder. How to describe the London dance scene today? The word Melanie chooses is 'savage'.
1. In the first paragraph, the writer paints a picture of dancers who are A. careful not to be recognised by fans in the street.. B. deserving of the fame they have achieved. C. unlikely to be making further advances in their careers. D. hoping to find work on stage alongside established stars.
2. What do we learn about auditions in the second paragraph? A. Increasingly higher standards are expected of dancers. B. The best dancers do not necessarily get the jobs on offer. C. It's difficult for dancers to find the time to attend very many. D. Dancers with family connections in the business get invited to more.
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3. The word “tatty” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………….
A. shabby B. modern C. abusive D. well- designed
4. What is implied about choreographers in the third paragraph?
A. They expect dancers to do as they are told.
B. They dislike it when dancers criticise each other.
C. They are intolerant of dancers who make mistakes
D. They are sensitive to the pressures-that dancers are under.
5. What point is made about agents in the fourth paragraph?
A. Dancers are largely satisfied with their service
B. Most dancers recognise that they are essential.
C. They tend to represent only the less experienced dancers.
D. They make every effort to get the best deal for dancers.
6. The word “mediocrity” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………
A. average B. excellence C. extravagance D. extremity
7. The writer uses the image of a machine in the last paragraph to underline
A. the attitude of training institutions. B. the dubious activities of a website.
C. the constant supply of new talent. D. the exploitation of young people.
8. The word “lousy” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………
A. wonderful B. awful C. terrific D. satisfying
9. In the text as a whole, the writer is suggesting that dancers in London
A. should demand much better pay and working conditions.
B. have to regard the experience as useful for the future, C. should be rewarded for dedication and perseverance.
D. have to accept the realities o f a competitive industry.
10. What does the phrase “do it all the time” refer to:
A. accept a job for no pay B. hear the sound of the annual churn
C. leave the job D. push out hundreds of new dancers
READING 2 IMAGE AND THE CITY
In the city, we are barraged with images of the people we might become. Identity is presented as plastic, a matter of possessions and appearances; and a very large proportion of the urban landscape is taken up by slogans, advertisements, flatly photographed images of folk heroes - the man who turned into a sophisticated dandy overnight by drinking a particular brand of drink, the girl who transformed herself into a femme fatale with a squirt of cheap scent. The tone of the wording of these advertisements is usually pert and facetious, comically drowning in its own hyperbole. But the pictures are brutally exact: they reproduce every detail of a style of life, down to the brand of cigarette-lighter, the stone in the ring, and the economic row of books on the shelf.
Yet, if one studies a line of ads across from where one is sitting on a tube train, these images radically conflict with each other. Swap the details about between the pictures, and they are instantly made illegible. If the characters they represent really are heroes, then they clearly have no individual claim to speak for society as a whole. The clean-cut and the shaggy, rakes, innocents, brutes, home-lovers, adventurers, clowns all compete for our attention and invite emulation. As a gallery, they do provide a glossy mirror of the aspirations of a representative city crowd; but it is exceedingly hard to discern a single dominant style, an image of how most people would like to see themselves.
Even in the business of the mass-production of images of identity, this shift from the general to the diverse and particular is quite recent. Consider another line of stills: the back-lit, soft-focus portraits of the first and second generations of great movie stars. There is a degree of romantic unparticularity in the face of each one, as if they were communal dream-projections of society at large. Only in the specialised genres of westerns, farces and gangster movies were stars allowed to have odd, knobbly cadaverous faces. The
hero as loner belonged to history or the underworld: he spoke from the perimeter of society, reminding us of its dangerous edges.
The stars of the last decade have looked quite different. Soft-focus photography has gone, to be replaced by a style which searches out warts and bumps, emphasises the uniqueness not the generality of the face. Voices, too, are strenuously idiosyncratic; whines, stammers and low rumbles are exploited as features of ‘star quality’. Instead of romantic heroes and heroines, we have a brutalist, hard-edged style in which isolation and egotism are assumed as natural social conditions.
In the movies, as in the city, the sense of stable hierarchy has become increasingly exhausted; we no longer live in a world where we can all share the same values, the same heroes. (It is doubtful whether this world, so beloved of nostalgia moralists, ever existed; but lip-service was paid to it, the pretence, at least, was kept up.) The isolate and the eccentric push towards the centre of the stage; their fashions and mannerisms are presented as having as good a claim to the limelight and the future as those of anyone else. In the crowd on the underground platform, one may observe a honeycomb of fully-worked-out worlds, each private, exclusive, bearing little comparison with its nearest neighbour. What is prized in one is despised in another. There are no clear rules about how one is supposed to manage one’s body, dress, talk, or think. Though there are elaborate protocols and etiquettes among particular cults and groups within the city, they subscribe to no common standard.
For the new arrival, this disordered abundance is the city’s most evident and alarming quality. He feels as if he has parachuted into a funfair of contradictory imperatives. There are so many people he might become, and a suit of clothes, a make of car, a brand of cigarettes, will go some way towards turning him into a personage even before he has discovered who that personage is. Personal identity has always been deeply rooted in property, but hitherto the relationship has been a simple one - a question of buying what you could afford, and leaving your wealth to announce your status. In the modern city, there are so many things to buy such a quantity of different kinds of status, that the choice and its attendant anxieties have created, a new pornography of taste.
The leisure pages of the Sunday newspapers, fashion magazines, TV plays, popular novels, cookbooks, window displays all nag at the nerve of our uncertainty and snobbery. Should we like American cars, hardrock hamburger joints, Bauhaus chairs ...? Literature and art are promoted as personal accessories: the paintings of Mondrian or the novels of Samuel Beckett ‘go’ with certain styles like matching handbags. There is in the city a creeping imperialism of taste, in which more and more commodities are made over to being mere expressions of personal identity. The piece of furniture, the pair of shoes, the book, the film, are important not so much in themselves but for what they communicate about their owners; and ownership is stretched to include what one likes or believes in as well as what one can buy.
1. What does the writer say about advertisements in the first paragraph?
A. Certain kinds are considered more effective in cities than others.
B. The way in which some of them are worded is cleverer than it might appear, C. They often depict people that most other people would not care to be like.
D. The pictures in them accurately reflect the way that some people really live.
2. The word “pert” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to …………..
A. cheerful B. pleasant C. serious D. argumentative
3. The writer says that if you look at a line of advertisements on a tube train , it is clear that A. city dwellers have very diverse ideas about what image they would like to have.
B. some images in advertisements have a general appeal that others lack.
C. city dwellers are more influence d by images on advertisements than other people are. D. some images are intended to be representative of everyone’s aspirations.
4. What does the writer imply about portraits of old movie stars?
A. They tried to disguise the less attractive features of their subjects.
B. Most people did not think they were accurate representations of the stars in them. C. They made people feel that their own faces were rather unattractive.
D. They reflected an era in which people felt basically safe.
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5. The word “they” in the third paragraph refers to:
A. the aspirations B. the portraits of old movies stars
C. gangster movie s D. generations
6. What does the writer suggest a bout the stars of the last decade?
A. Some of them may be uncomfortable about the way they come across.
B. They make an effort to speak in a way that may not be pleasant on the ear.
C. They make people wonder whether they should become more selfish.
D. Most people accept that they are not typical of society as a whole.
7. The writer uses the crowd on an underground platform to exemplify his belief that
A. no single attitude to life is more common than another in a city.
B. no one in a city has strict attitudes towards the behaviour of others.
C. views of what society was like in the past are often inaccurate.
D. people in cities would like to have more in common with each other.
8. The writer implies that new arrivals in a city may
A. change the image they wish to have too frequently.
B. underestimate the importance of wealth.
C . acquire a certain image without understanding what that involves.
D. decide that status is of little importance.
9. The word “commodities” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ……
A. products B. companies C. entrepreneurs D. luxuries
10. What point does the writer make about city dwellers in the final paragraph?
A. They are unsure as to why certain things are popular with others.
B. They are aware that judgments are made about them according to what they buy.
C. They want to acquire more and more possessions.
D. They are keen to be the first to appreciate new styles.
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 pts)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 pts):
Read the texts below and think of ONE word which best fits each blank.
TEXT 1
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the (1)………… that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy or increased health problems. Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people (2)………… overweight (pre-obese) when their BMI is between 25 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2, and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m2.
Obesity' increases the (3) ………… of various diseases, particularly heart disease, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, (4)…………of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little (5)…………gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; (6)………… average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.
The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. To supplement this, or in case of failure, anti-obesity drugs may be (7)………… to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or an intragastric balloon is placed to (8)………… stomach volume and/or bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities (9)………… it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world),(10)….. it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some
parts of the world.
TEXT 2
In consecutive interpreting (CI), the speaker is required to pause to allow interpretation. (1)………… , the time needed is much greater (possibly double the time needed). Traditionally, the interpreter will sit or stand near the speaker. Consecutive interpretation can be (2)………… in a pattern of short or long segments according to the interpreter's preference. In short CI, the interpreter relies mostly on memory (3) …………, in long CI most interpreters will rely on note-taking. The notes must be clear and legible in order to not waste time on reading them. Consecutive interpreting of whole thoughts, (4)………… than in small pieces, is desirable so that the interpreter has the whole meaning before rendering it in the target language. This (5)…………a truer, more accurate, and more accessible interpretation than where short CI or simultaneous interpretation is used.
A consensus about lengths of segments may be (6)…………prior to commencement, depending upon complexity of the subject matter and purpose of the interpretation, though speakers generally face difficulty adjusting to unnatural speech patterns.
(7)………… occasion, document sight translation is required of the interpreter during consecutive interpretation work. Sight translation (8)………… interpretation and translation; the interpreter must render the source-language document to the target-language as if it were written in the target language. Sight translation occurs usually, (9) …………not exclusively, in judicial and medical work.
Consecutive interpretation may be the chosen mode when bilingual listeners are present who wish to hear both the original and interpreted speech or where, as in a court setting, a (10)………… must be kept of both.
II. WORD FORMATION
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. It’s absolutely…………why the council decided to close down the youth club. (EXPLAIN)
2. I’m scanning my gran’s photos onto my computer because they’d be…………if anything happened to them. (PLACE)
3. Astronomers at the………… have announced that they have discovered a new comet. (OBSERVE)
4. The man was later charged with ………… a police officer. (PERSON)
5. If you can respond calmly and…………, then I think that would be the best way forward. (AGGRESSIVE)
6. I’m looking for a flatmate so I’m going to put an ad in the………… (CLASS)
7. The positive relationship between a business and a customer, often referred as ‘…………’, is difficult to quantify financially. (GOOD)
8. After ten matches, we had the…………record of played ten, won none, lost ten. (ENVY)
9. Don't you think it's a bit early to…………blame? (PORTION)
10. The rumours are completely ………… and I would urge everyone not to believe them.(SUBSTANCE)
PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
argue be direct heart idea intelligence marriage reach reduction rigour
Historically, most advocates of correspondence theories have been ontological realists; that is, they believe that there is a world external to the minds of all humans. This is in contrast to metaphysical (1)…………who hold that everything that exists is, in the end, just an idea in some mind. However, it is not strictly necessary that a correspondence theory be (2)………… to ontological realism. It is possible to hold, for example, that the facts of the world determine which statements are true and to also hold that the world (and its facts) is but a collection of ideas in the mind of some supreme (3)…………
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One attack on the theory claims that the correspondence theory succeeds in its appeal to the real world only in so far as the real world is (4)…………by us. The direct realist believes that we directly know objects as they are. Such a person can (5)…………adopt a correspondence theory of truth. The (6)……… theorist believes that there are no real objects. The correspondence theory appeals to imaginary undefined entities, so it is incoherent. The skeptic believes that we have no knowledge. The correspondence theory is simply false.
Other positions hold that we have some type of awareness, perception, etc. of real-world objects which in some way falls short of direct knowledge of them. But such an (7)………… awareness or perception is itself an idea in one's mind, so that the correspondence theory of truth (8) …………to a correspondence between ideas about truth and ideas of the world, whereupon it becomes a coherence theory of truth.
If no theory of the world is offered, the (9) ………… is so vague as to be useless or even (10)………: truth would then be supposed to be correspondence to some undefined, unknown or ineffable world. It is difficult to see how a candidate truth could be more certain than the world we are to judge its degree of correspondence against.
III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts):
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them. 1
Brain drain, which is the action of having highly skilled and educated people leaving their country to work abroad, have become one of the developing countries concern. Brain drain also refers as human capital flight. More and more Third World science and technology educated people are heading for more prosperous countries seeking higher wages and better working conditions. This, of course, has serious consequences on the sending countries. While many people believe that immigration is a personal choice that must be understood and respected, others look at the phenomenon at a different perspective. What makes those educated people leave their countries should be seriously considered and a distinct between push and pull factors must be made. The push factors include low wages and lack of satisfactory working and living conditions. Social unrest, political conflicts and wars may also be determined causes. The pull factors, however, include intellectual freedom and substantial funds for research. Brain drain has negative impact on the sending countries economic prospects and competitiveness. They will reduce the number of dynamic and creative people who can contribute to the development of their country. However, with more entrepreneurs taking their investments abroad, developing countries are missing an opportunity of wealthy creation. This has also negative consequences on tax revenue and employment. Most of the measures made so far have not had any success in alleviating the effects of brain drain. A more global sight must take into consideration the provision of adequate working and living conditions in the sending countries. Another option should involve encouraging the expatriates to contribute their skill to the development of their countries without necessarily physically relocating.
IV.
SENTENCE
TRANSFORMATION (20 pts):
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given
1. I didn’t dare to tell the truth because my father was there. (GUTS)
→ Hadn’t it…………………………………………………………………………
2. Looking back, we could have managed things in a more organized way. (SHIP)
→ With ……………………………………………………………………………..
3. It was a shame I couldn't come to his father's funeral. (RESPECT)
→ I'd like……………………………………………………………………………
4. Despite the effort we made, our plan just wouldn't come off. (PIE)
→ Hard………………………………………………………………………………
5. When it comes to his political view, his comments are sometimes inappropriate. (PALE)
→
6. I hate it that I. always have to attract the boss’s criticism when things go wrong. (FIRE)
→ I object to …………………………………………………………………………
7. It was bad the adults pretended to be unaware of the kids' problems. (SAND)
→ The adults shouldn't………………………………………………………………
8.1 haven’t been told exactly what I will have to do in my new job. (REQUIRED)
→ It hasn't been………………………………………………………………………
9. Andrew's determination to become a doctor despite his poor health should receive fervent support from his father.
→ It is crucial that Andrew’s parents………………………………………………..
10. A committed’ atheist, Stephen Hawking believes that the universe is only governed by the laws of science.
→ Stephen Hawking holds……………… due to his ………………
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5 10 15 20 25
1……………… 2……………… 3……………… 4……………… 5……………… 6……………… 7……………… 8……………… 9……………… 216 10……………..
NG THPT
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS)
I. WORD CHOICE (5 PTS):
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. Mr. Minh is held in high ………….. for his dedication to the school.
A. respect B. esteem C. honor D. homage
2. Marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat …………..to trying to build a bridge under water.
A. analogous B. correlative C. synchronized D. incumbent
3. The car wheels ………….. as they curved and bounced over the rough broken ground.
A. squeaked B. squished C. screeched D. sputtered
4. He was disappointed by his result, but he is now …………..to having to re-take the exam.
A. composed B. submitted C. reconciled D. subdued
5. Adults exchange drinks around a pub bar in ………….. of temporary friendship.
A. commemoration B. breach C. reference D. token
6. Fighting among rebel soldiers………….. last night and a curfew has now been imposed on the city.
A. enhanced B. aggravated C. heightened D. intensified
7. Our journey was ………….. by the icy roads, which forced, us to drive very slowly.
A. obstructed B. impeded C. barred D. blocked
8. Many poets have………….. the beauties of the countryside.
A. feared B. excited C. extolled D. inhibited
9. Mary is a( n)…………..liar. She was even arrested for lying to a police officer.
A. physical B. congenital C. naive D. abnormal
10. The Prime Minister will decide whether to release the prisoner or not; that’s his…………..
A. prerogative B. derogatory C. abdication D. humanity
A. As luck would have it B. By a stroke of luck C. Be it lucky or not D. To put it down to luck 18………….., the meeting stops here. A. I f no question being asked B. Without any question, however C. No questions asked D. There being no question 19. Two weeks………….., we will celebrate our coronation. A. yet B. hence C. hitherto D. albeit 20. In your place, I ………….. to others for help. There’s no way of getting the project finished yourself. A. would have turned B. must have turned C. will turn D. would turn
III. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS)
II.
G RAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS):
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
11. He started hammering on the adjoining wall but Mary carried on ………….. A. notwithstanding B. regardless C. irrespective D. nevertheless 12. ………….. hundreds of people dead during the evacuation from the war-torn area in the Middle East. A. It is estimated to be B. There is estimated to be C. There are estimated to be D. It is estimated that 13. Jane was not…………..the landlady had imagined she was. A. what B. that C. which D. at all 14.…………..the party began.
A. The music turning on B. The music having been turned on C. Turning on the music D. Having turned the music on 15. Would you be…………..?
A. kind enough in order to answer the phone for me B. so kind as to answer the phone for me C. too kind to answer the phone for me D. that too kind and answer the phone for me 16. ………….., I could attend the conference now. A. Were the flight to have taken off on time B. Were it not for the abrupt delay C. Were the flight not have been postponed at last minutes D. Were it to be a punctual flight 17………….., the youngest mountain climber got lost with the rest of his team when his walkie-talkie malfunctioned.
31. ‘‘Don't be a law ………….. yourself!” - the mom shouted. A. onto B. up after C. in for D. unto 32. Linda was ………….. herself with joy when her friends threw a surprise party for her birthday. A. beyond B. on and off C. beside D. at 33. Until this evening, Hannah is still ………….. away at her unfinished report. A. hammering B. grinding C. whiling D. axing 34. After a four-day holiday, they began to work………….. A. on end B. out of bounds C. in proportions D. in earnest 35. The fact that a member holding authoritative power rides roughshod…………..innocent residents exists in any society, even the democratic one. A. on B. over C. at D. against 36. One’s childhood heavily rubs ………….. one’s character traits. A. off on B. together C. in with D. along 37. You don't …………..all this nonsense, do you? A. cordon off B. buy into C. edge out D. hit on 38. After our busy day, we both sat and…………..in front of the TV. A. nodded off B. slipped out C. flaked off D. knocked out 39. The story draws heavily………….. how strict the writer’s upbringing was. A. toward B. in C. on D. into 40. Jacobin cuckoo is a………….. of monsoon. A. forerunner B. harbinger C. premonition D. herald
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS
31. This lovely new dress fist like a ………….. A. treat B. gauntlet C. gown D. glove 32. The designer refuses to gild the………….. , preferring clean, simple lines for his creations. A. lily B. flower C. rose D. daisy 33. Gina finally…………..and admitted that she had broken the vase. A. threw in the towel B. made a clean breast of it C. read her the riot act D. let her hair down 34. There are no hills around and the area is as flat as a …………... A. stick B coin C. feather D. pancake 35. It's time we changed the………….. regarding the roles in the family. A. idée fixe B. carte blanche C. hoi polloi D. social milieu 36. During pioneer days a lot of land in the United States was up for…………... A. gain B. promotion C. taking D. grabs 37. I warned her not to say sensitive things but she was like a bull in a(n)………….. shop A. India B. Nepal C. China D. Japan 38. The argument drove a ………….. between party members.
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A. wedge B. linchpin C. needle D. sword
39. The government is making little …………..in its fight to beat inflation.
A. advance B. headway C. forward D. forward
40. It must be true. I heard it straight from the ………….. mouth.
A. dog's B. horse's C. camel's D. cat's
V. GUIDED CLOZE I (5PTS):
Read tile text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
INDUSTRY 4.0
Digitally connected manufacturing, often (41)………….“Industry 4.0”, (42)………….a wide variety of technologies, ranging from 3D printing to robotics, new materials and production systems.
A move towards Industry 4.0 would benefit the private sector. Large, integrated manufacturers would find in it a way to (43)…………. and shorten their supply chain, for example via flexible factories. A more digitalized manufacturing would also open new market (44)…………. for SMEs providing such specialized technologies as sensors, robotics, 3D printing or machine-to-machine communications.
For developed nations, Industry 4.0-a term initially (45)………….in Germany-could be a way to regain manufacturing competitiveness. This is particularly relevant in the case of Western Europe, which, unlike the US, does not currently enjoy reduced energy costs.
As for (46) …………. markets, Industry 4.0 could provide the much-needed route to moving up the value chain, something that has become increasingly important to achieve in the (47)………….of rising labor costs. For example, China’s new ten-year plan, issued last May and (48)………….named “Made in China 2025”, targets key sectors such as robotics, information technology and energy (49)…………. turning the country from a “manufacturing giant” into a “world manufacturing power.
As promising as it is, much more work remains to be done to make Industry 4.0 a large scale reality. On the regulatory side, for instance, policy makers will have to ensure that data-the (50) …………. of Industry 4.0- can move freely and securely throughout the supply chain, including across borders. This is an effort that is likely to take some time.
41. A. deferred to as B. referred to as C. deferred to D. referred to 42. A. involves B. supports C. encompasses D. necessitates 43. A. optimize B. maximize C. customize D. legitimize 4 4 .A. chances B. possibilities C. opportunities D. places 45. A. yielded B. pieced C. lauded D. coined 46. A. novel B. emerging C. premature D. immature 47. A. loop B. teeth C. feat D. wake 48. A. aptly B. particularly C. unwittingly D. distinctively 49. A. in the interests of B. in lieu of C. in awe of D. in the hope of 50. A. pins and needles B. nuts and bolts C. root and branch D. part and parcel
GUIDED CLOZE 2 (5PTS):
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
BITCOIN
The UK and other EU governments are planning a (51)………….on bitcoin, also known as a cryptocurrency that is not (52) ………….by banks, amid growing concerns that the digital currency is being used for money laundering and tax (53) ………….?
The Treasury plans to regulate bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies to bring them (54)…………. antimoney-laundering and counter-terrorism financial legislation. Traders will be forced to reveal their identities, ending the (55)…………. that has made the currency attractive for drug dealing and other illegal activities.
Under the EU-wide plan, online platforms where bitcoins are traded will be required to carry out (56) ………….diligence on customers and report suspicious transactions. The UK government is negotiating
amendments to the anti-money-laundering directive to ensure firms’ activities are (57)………….by national authorities.
Economists have compared bitcoin’s meteoric rise with past (58)…………., such as the tulip mania of the 17th century and the dotcom that began in the late 90s with the Nasdaq index in New York and burst in 2000. Both examples foreshadow a painful collapse for a currency that has no (59)…………. value to those who hold it beyond that (60) ………….to it by a community of owners. Should they realise the emperor has no clothes en masse, there could be a rude awakening.
51. A. crackdown B. walk-out C. lowdown D. toss-up 52. A. underscored B. underwritten C. upholstered D. underpinned 53. A. invasion B. elusion C. indictment D. evasion 54. A. in line with B. in line for C. on line with D. on line for 55. A. animosity B. anonymity C. pseudonym D. misnomer 56. A. preemptive B. tender C. prudish D. due 57. A. overlooked B. overseen C. overdriven D. overthrown 58. A. insinuations B. economies of scale C. bubbles D. junctures 59. A. intrinsic B. intricate C. civic D. immaculate 60. A. preordained B. ascribed C. etched D. conferred
VI. READING COMPREHENSION: PASSAGE 1
If you think that we are the only creatures on Earth with a moral sense, then you're in good company. Most experts in behavior believe that morality is a uniquely human trait, without which our complex social life would never have emerged - yet I'm convinced that many animals can distinguish right from wrong. Decades spent watching wild and captive animals have persuaded me that species living in groups often have a sense of fair play built on moral codes of conduct that help cement their social relationships. The notion of Nature being naturally ruthlessly and selfishly competitive doesn't hold true for those of us who have observed and analyzed animal relationships.
That's not all. I suspect that herein lies the origin of our own virtue. Biologists have had real problems trying to explain why people are frequently inexplicably nice to each other. It just doesn't make sense in evolutionary terms, unless there are ulterior motives behind our seemingly altruistic actions. Perhaps we expect a payback somewhere down the line, or maybe our good deeds are directed only towards kin, with whom we share a biological heritage. Nobody has really considered the possibility that being considerate to your neighbors might sometimes be the best way to survive. But I'm starting to find evidence that a welldeveloped sense of fair play helps non-human animals live longer, more successful lives.
I'm particularly interested in social play amongst youngsters because it has its own special rules of engagement, allowing participants to reinterpret acts that might otherwise seem aggressive. My studies of infant dogs, wolves and coyotes reveal that they use a special signal to prevent misinterpretation of playful actions. They perform a 'bow' - which entails crouching on the forelimbs while keeping the rear uprightwhen initiating play, or in association with aggressive actions such as biting, to modify their meaning. And role reversal is common, so that during play a dominant animal will often allow a subordinate to have the upper hand. Such behaviors reduce inequalities in size, strength and dominance between playmates, fostering the co-operation and reciprocity that are essential for play to occur. Indeed, on the rare occasions when an animal says 'Let's play' and then beats up an unsuspecting animal, the culprit usually finds itself ostracized by its former playmates.
My belief is that a sense of fairness is common to many animals, because there could be no social play without it, and without social play individual animals and entire groups would be at a disadvantage. If I'm right, morality evolved because it is adaptive. It helps many animals, including humans, to survive and flourish in their particular social environment. This may sound like a radical idea, particularly if you view morality as uniquely human and a sort of mystical quality that sets us apart from other animals. But if you accept my argument that play and fairness are inextricably linked, you're halfway there.
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[A] As with any behavioral trait, the underlying genetics is bound to be complex, and environmental influences may be large. [B] No matter. Provided there is variation in levels of morality among individuals, and provided virtue is rewarded by a greater number of offspring, then any genes associated with good behavior are bound to accumulate in subsequent generations. [C] And the observation that play is rarely unfair or uncooperative is surely an indication that natural selection acts to weed out those who don't play by the rules. [D]
What does this tell us about human morality? First, we didn't invent virtue - its origins are much more ancient than our own. Secondly, we should stop seeing ourselves as morally superior to other animals. True, our big brains endow us with a highly sophisticated sense of what's right and wrong, but they also give us much greater scope for manipulating others - to deceive and try to benefit from immoral behavior. In that sense, animal morality might be 'purer' than our own. We should accept our moral responsibility towards other animals, and that means developing and enforcing more restrictive regulations governing animal use. While animal minds may vary from one species to another, they are not so different from our own, and only when we accept this can we truly be moral in our relations with nature as a whole.
61. In the first paragraph, what does the writer state about morality?
A. Humans are the only creatures that demonstrate true emotional behavior.
B. A well-developed moral code does not lead to civilization.
C. Humans and animals share the same selfish instincts for survival.
D. There is a common misconception that animals are not moral.
62. What point does the writer make in the second paragraph?
A. People who are generous to others are not always sure why they behave that way.
B. People who do not possess good social skills achieve less in life.
C. People who behave considerately to others have selfish reasons for doing so.
D. People who treat acquaintances better than relatives are unusual.
63. Neighbors are mentioned as an example to ………….
A. illustrate the fact that another aspect of the driving force may have been overlooked
B. reiterate the notion that being nice to others is not hereditary
C. strengthen his belief that longevity does come into play concerning how kind we are
D. report that many folks are becoming increasingly disillusioned with their proclivity to helping others
64. The word altruistic in paragraph two most likely means…………..
A. strange B. democratic C. selfless D. immaterial
65. What has the writer deduced about social play from his observation of animals?
A. It provides an opportunity for physically weaker animals to develop survival skills.
B. It allows animals to prove who is dominant in the group without using real aggression.
C. It requires animals to abide by the rules or they will be excluded from the group.
D. It demonstrates that certain animals possess a large range of emotions.
66. Which of the following best summarizes the writers argument in the fourth paragraph?
A. There are different degrees of morality between various cultures.
B. Humans adopted moral behavior as a means of survival,
C. Groups benefit from social play more than individuals do.
D. Spirituality and morality are inseparable.
67. What does the writer state about the evolution of morality?
A. There may be a particular gene responsible for morality.
B. Moral development depends on physical hardships.
C. There is little point in seeking the origin of moral behavior.
D. Animals that behave fairly are more likely to breed.
68. In the final paragraph, according to the writer, people………….
A. must treat animals on equal terms with humans.
B. should be less arrogant in their view of themselves.
C. are more advanced as they use immorality to their advantage.
D. should discriminate between which animals display morality and those that do not.
69. The writer concludes that in our relations with nature as a whole, …………..
A. an open mind is of paramount importance B. any exploitation should be dispensed with C. bilateral responsibility is not always conducive to a long-standing relationship D. virtue should be perceived with a new level of intricacy
70. “I am not putting the case forward for a specific gene for fair or moral behavior” . The sentence is extracted from somewhere in paragraph five. Where should this sentence be located? A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
PASSAGE 2
THE MORECAMBE & WISE SHOW
It happened one night. It happened, to be precise, at 8:55 p.m on the night of 25 December 1977, when an estimated 28,835,000 people - more than half of the total population of the United Kingdom - turned their television sets to BBC 1 and spent the next hour and ten minutes in the company of a rather tall man called Eric and a rather short man called Ernie. It was an extraordinary night for British television. It wasat least as far as that catholic and capacious category known as “light entertainment” was concerned - as close as British television had ever come, in some forty - one years of trying, to being a genuine mass medium . None of the usual rigid divisions and omissions were apparent in the broad audience of that remarkable night; no stark class bias, no pronounced gender imbalance, no obvious age asymmetry, no generalized demographic slant. It was also, of course, an extraordinary night for the two stars of the show: Eric Morecambe and Ernie Wise - by far the most illustrious, and the best - loved, double - act that Britain has. ever produced. Exceptionally professional yet endearingly personable, they were wonderful together as partners, as friends, as almost a distinct entity: not “Morecambe and Wise” but “Morecambewise”. There was Eric and there was Ernie: one of them an idiot, the other a bigger idiot, each of them half a star, together a whole star, forever hopeful of that “brand new, bright tomorrow” that they sang about at the end of each show. True, Eric would often slap Ernie smartly on the cheeks, but they clearly thought the world of each other, and the world thought a great deal of them, too.
There show succeeded in attracting such a massive following on that memorable night because it had, over he course of the previous night years or so, established, and then enhanced, an enviable reputation for consistency, inventiveness, unparalleled professional polish and, last but by no means least, a strong and sincere respect for its audience. The Morecambe & Wise Show stood for something greater, something far more precious, than mere first-rate but evanescent entertainment; it had come to stand - just as persuasively and as proudly as any earnest documentary or any epic drama - for excellence in broadcasting, the result not just of two gifted performers (great talent, alas, does not of itself guarantee that great television) but also of a richly proficient and supremely committed production team.
The show, culminating in the record-breaking triumph of that 1977 special, represented an achievement in high-quality popular program-making that is now fast assuming the aura of a fairy tale - destined, one fears, to be passed on with bemused fascination from one doubtful generation to its even more disbelieving successor as the seemingly endless proliferation of new channels and novel forms of distraction continue to divide and disperse the old mass audience in the name of that remorseless quest for “quality demographics" and “niche audiences”. The Morecambe & Wise Show appeared at a time before home video, before home satellite dishes and cable technology, before the dawning of digital revolution, a time when it was. still considered desirable to make a television program that might - just might - excite most of the people most of the time.
Neither Morecambe nor Wise ever looked down on, or up at, anyone (except, of course, each other); both of them looked straight back at their audience on level terms. No celebrated was ever allowed to challenge this comic democracy: within the confines of the show, the rich and famous went unrecognized and frequently unpaid (a running gag); venerable actors with grand theatrical reputations were mocked
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routinely by Eric's sotto voce comments; and two resolutely down-to-earth working-class comedians gleefully reaffirmed the remarkably deep, warm and sure relationship that existed between themselves and the British public.
“It was,” reminisced Ernie Wise, “a sort of great big office party for the whole country, a bit of fun people could understand." From the first few seconds of their opening comic routine to the final few notes and motions of their closing son g and dance, Morecambe and Wise did their very best to draw people together rat her than drive them apart. Instead of pandering submissively to the smug exclusivity of the cognoscenti (they were flattered by a well -regarded critic praised the sly “oeillade” that accompanied Eric's sarcastic asides , but they still mocked him mercilessly for his use of the word), and instead of settling - as so many of their supposed successors would do with unseemly haste - for the easy security of a “cult following”, Morecambe and Wise always aimed to entertain the whole nation .
When viewers watched that show at the end of 1977, they witnessed a rare and rich compendium of the very best in popular culture: the happy summation of a joint career that had traversed all of the key developments associated with the rise of mass entertainment in Britain, encompassing the faint but still discernible traces of Victorian music-hall, the crowded animation of Edwardian Variety, the wordy populism of the wireless, the spectacular impact of the movie s and, finally , the more intimate pervasiveness of television. When that career was all over, it was sorely missed. They were simply irreplaceable.
71. The writer implies in the first paragraph that one reason why the show on 25 December 1977 was extraordinary was that………….
A. light entertainment program s had been the targets of criticism before then.
B. no one had thought that a British television program could appeal to all classes, C. its audience included people who might not have been expected to watch it.
D. people tuning into it knew that they were taking part in a phenomenal event.
72. The word capacious in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to …………..
A. large B. spacious C. roomy D. restricted
73. In the second paragraph, the writer implies that Morecambe and Wise………….
A. would probably not have been successful had they been solo performers B. had a different relationship in real life from the one they had on television C. were keen for audiences to realize how professional they were D. probably did not know how popular they were
74. The writer says in the third paragraph that one reason why the Morecambe & Wise Show remained so popular was that………….
A. It adapted to changes in audience attitudes to what constituted good entertainment. B. It appealed to people who normally preferred other kinds of program. C. The people who made it knew that its popularity was guaranteed. D. The contribution of people other than its s tars was a key element in it.
75. The writer suspects that The Morecambe & Wise Show will in the future be regarded as …………. A. something which might only catch on with certain audiences B. something which has acquired an exaggerated reputation C. the kind of program that program - makers will aspire to D. the kind of program that illustrates the disadvantages of technological advances
76. The word evanescent in paragraph 3 most likely means …………. A. transient B. contemptible C. malevolent D. cynical
77. According to the writer, one feature of The Morecambe & Wise Show was………….
A. the way in which it reflected developments in British society B. its inclusion of jokes that only certain people would understand C. the consistent way in which other stars were treated on it D. its careful choice of other stars to appear on it
78. In the sixth paragraph, the writer implies that
A. other comedians have attempted to appeal to only a particular group of people.
B. Morecambe and Wise usually disregarded what critics said about them. C. other comedians have not accorded Morecambe and Wise the respect they deserve.
D. Morecambe and Wise realized that there were some people who would never like them.
79. In the last paragraph, the writer implies that one remarkable feature of the show was that …………. A. it exceeded even the expectations of its audience.
B. it contained elements that could have been regarded as old-fashioned, C. it showed the similarities between earlier forms of entertainment.
D. it contained a hint of sadness despite being so entertaining.
80. The word compendium in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ………….. A. performance B. perfection C. attempt D. combination
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. CLOZE TEST: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
OPEN CLOZE 1 (10PTS)
Resembling real bank notes but not an officially (1)…………. currency, the custom of burning Hell Money is also believed to distract evil spirits (2)…………. that they chase the cash instead of the departed soul of the dead.
Hell Money, also known as Ghost Money and Spirit Money, has been discovered in archaeological (3)…………. and its use can be (4)………….back to the first millennium BCE - however, money was not in (5)………….form then, but instead made of stone, bones and later metal. The design of Hell Money banknotes is intrinsically an art form. They are printed on joss paper in vivid colors and elaborate designs, with the King of Hell featuring on their front side. The size can (6)………….but in most cases they all have huge denominations.
(7)………….most banknotes display values in the millions and billions, there are a few notes with values of tens or hundreds. The 100 dollar note is particularly interesting with the King of Hell (8)………….four-fold because the Chinese word for “four” is a homonym of the word “death”.
On most bills, there are phrases like "Hell Bank Note", while some are designed in (9) ………….a way that is similar to known, existing currencies, say, American dollars or British- pounds. Some Hell Money banknotes contain signatures, serial numbers and other elements that make them look like real money.
The Hungry Ghost Festival and Dongzhi Festival are two common occasions that sees many Chinese commemorate their ancestors by offering (10)………….including the burning of Hell Money.
OPEN CLOZE 2 (10PTS)
(1)…………. along the way, Black Friday made the giant leap from congested streets and crowded stores to fevered shoppers fist-fighting over parking spaces and pepper-spraying each other as they tussle (2)………….the last Tickle Me Elmo. When did Black Friday become the (3)…………. frenzy, over-thetop shopping event it is today?
That would be in the 2000s, when Black Friday was officially designated the biggest shopping day of the year. Until then, that (4) ………….had gone to the Saturday before Christmas. Yet as more and more retailers started touting “can’t miss” post-Thanksgiving sales and the Black Friday discounts grew deeper and deeper, American consumers could no longer (5)………….the pull of this magical shopping day.
Retailers may spend an (6)…………. year planning their Black Friday sales. They use the day as an opportunity to offer rock-(7) ………….prices on overstock inventory and to offer doorbusters and discounts on seasonal items, such as holiday decorations and typical holiday gifts. Retailers also offer significant discounts on big-ticket items and top-selling brands of TVs, small devices and other electronics, luring customers in the hope that, (8)…………. inside, they will purchase higher-margin goods. The contents of Black Friday advertisements are often so (9)………….anticipated that retailers go to great (10)…………. to ensure that they don't leak out publically beforehand.
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II. WORD FORMATION: (20PTS)
PART 1:
Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1………….value of quinine in treating malaria has been proved by science. (THERAPY)
2. We all go out for a…………. meal after the two-week project. (CELEBRATE)
3. This out-of-the-way region in China suffers an annual………….outbreak of cholera. (VIRUS)
4. The sprawling factory compound, all grey dormitories and…………. warehouses, blends seamlessly into the outskirts of the Shenzhen megalopolis. (WEATHER)
5. A …………. species is a plant or animal that plays an indispensable role in the way an ecosystem functions. (KEY)
6. To the technical philosophers, who strictly confine themselves to the logical collation and criticism of scientific methods, he has, …………. , not seemed philosophic enough. (CONTRARY)
7. Insidious 4, albeit a horror movie, has some…………. scenes that stem from two auxiliaries, whose lines are particularly conducive to uproarious laughter. (SIDE)
8. It was just………….that I met my high school friend on my second day visiting Paris. (HAPPEN)
9. ‘Thank God you ’re here’ has attracted excessive favorable publicity thanks to the imaginative and unorthodox plays, tailored to whet the ………….appetite for originality from the audience. (SATISFY)
10. Beethoven, despite not winning any prize during his time, was awarded…………. (POST)
PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
genius grip practice perceive chief document timid grass pass carpentry
The cinema, though, does have something in common with the confessional, video blog aspect of Youtube. The popularity of the horror film the Blair Witch Project was inflamed by a vast, (1)…………. Internet campaigns which (2)…………. suggested that the film’s horrors were real. Plus there’s a cousin to this blurring of fact and fiction - confessional blogs which turn out to be faked by (3) ………….actors. In the past, some (4)…………. that you could see on TV or at the cinema had Youtube qualities, in that the footage was shot by the participants themselves, although they needed a professional cinema (5)…………. to bring it to light. If the unhappy heroes of these films are making their videos now, they would probably (6)………….these directors and take them straight to Youtube.
Where straight cinema and Youtube come more closely into parallel is the use of continuous shot: the persistent, unjudging, (7) ………….gaze; an unedited, deep-focus scene in which our attention as audience is not (8)………….or directed. The true Youtube gems are not the digitally (9)………….mini-features. The most (10)………….material is raw, unedited footage in one continuous take.
III. ERROR CORRECTION: (10PTS)
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.
Line
1 5 10
The sacred Tet, intrinsically a traditional festival, occurs some time between late January and early February, depending on the Lunar Calendar. Though officially a three-day affair, festivities continue, more likely than not, for a week or more with every effort made to indulge in eating, drinking, and enjoyable social activities. It is also an opportunity for family reunions, and for memorizing ancestors. Gifts of food are made to friends, neighbors and relatives on the days before Tet. Everyone is in a rush to get a haircut, buy new clothes, spring up their homes, visit friends, settle standing debts, and stock up on traditional Tet delicacies. Businesses hang festive red banners printed ‘Happy New
15 20 25
Year' and city streets are festooned with colored lights. Stalls commence to sell candied fruits and jams, traditional cakes, and fresh fruit and flowers. Certain markets sell nothing but cone-shape kumquat bushes. Others sell flowering peach trees, symbols of life and good fortune which people bring into their homes to celebrate the coming of spring. As vendors pour into the City with peach trees strapped to their bicycles, the streets look alike moving pink forests.
On the last day of the old year, the preparation of food to offer to the ancestors is of special significance. Dishes to offer the ancestors differ in the Northern, Central and Southern parts of the country, depending on their respective weather conditions at the time and on different fresh products available locally. What is common in all regions of the country during Tet holidays are the varieties of soups, fried, boiled, or stewed dishes ,... The foods that the Vietnamese eat at Tet are various and diverse, but the people throughout the country all want to have the best and the most beautiful looking food on this occasion to offer their decease ancestors and to treat their friends and guests.
1……………… 2……………… 3………………
4……………… 5……… 6………………
7……………… 8……………… 9……………… 10……………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: (20 PTS)
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given 1. Your story is different from the facts. → Your story doesn’t tie in with the facts 2. Martine cannot go any higher in his career. (PINNACLE) → Martine........................................... 3. I will appreciate it if you didn’t pretend to support my view. (LIP) → I would sooner ....................................................................... ........................ 4. Sorry, you can’t do whatever you want. → Sorry, you are not in a ................................................................ and choose 5. You can eat as much as you like for $5 at the new lunch-bar. . → There..................................... ....... 6. My father became extremely angry when he discovered someone had damaged his car. → My father............................. ........... 7. Addicts of computer games struggle to distinguish the virtual world from the real world. (DRAW) → Those obsessed ................................... 8. Have a look at this picture. It may help you remember something. (JOG) → Have a ............................................................................................................ 9. Apparently, a lot of employees will be made redundant when the 21st Century Fox is taken over.(HEAP) → Apparently, many an ...................................................................................... 10. Although the beginning may be smooth for a business, one has to think about the worst-case scenario. (PREOCCUPIED) →....................... ..................................................................................................
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NG THPT CHUYÊN BÌNH LONG - BÌNH PHƯỚ
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40PTS)
1. WORD CHOICE (5PTS)
Choose the best alternative to fill the gap in each of the following sentences
1 .When asked if she had ever been in trouble with the police before, she replied in the…………...
A. aggressive B. assertive C. affirmative D. abrasive
2. It is hard to know whether to believe such …………... of doom, possibly because what they are saying seems too terrible to be true.
A. champions B. warriors C. prophets D. giants
3. Furiously, she banged down the…………...and immediately dialed the complaints department.
A. headset B. handle C. recipient D. receiver
4. New restaurants often try to attract customers by using …………... to homes in the surrounding area.
A. postal adverts B. mailshots C. mail flyers D. mailboxing
5. The young lad was the…………...of his father.
A. image B. likeness C. picture D. portrait
6. The salesman demonstrated how a push of the button would cause the aerial to…………...
A. rebound B. retreat C. recoil D. retract
7. Patrick is too…………...a gambler to resist placing a bet on the final game.
A. instant B. spontaneous C. compulsive D. continuous
8. Several soldiers of the squad were taken …………... by the enemy forces.
A. capture B. hostage C. kidnap D. torture
9. The newspaper is well-known for being …………...against trade unions.
A. biased B. skewed C. twisted D. distorted
10. We have always tried to peace with our unfriendly neighbors.
A. gain B. reserve C. live D. preserve
II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS)
Choose the best alternative to fill the gap in each of the following sentences
1. Peter: Why were those three men arrested?
Tom: They were suspected of being at Nairobi National Park.
A. poaching B. poached C. poacher D. poach
2. Not to waste time, searching, Alex kept everything just…………...he could get his hand on it.
A. where B. as C. when D. if
3. You can no more swim than I can fly. The sentence means:…………....
A. Both of us can’t swim or fly B. You can never swim, which I am sure of.
C. Either you or I can fly D. You can swim as I can fly
4. Her father insisted that she_seriously ill and that a doctor for at once.
A. was / was sent B. was /be sent C. be /be sent D. being / sending
5. What a terrible thing to happen! Just think, if we hadn’t missed the plane, we…………...dead for certain.
A. were B. would have been C. would be D. are
6. What surprised me most was to find …………... little boys could make…………...much progress in …………... a short time.
A. such, so, so B. such ,so, such C. so, so, such D. so, such, such
7. I won’t pay 80 dollars for the coat; it is not worth…………....
A. all that much B. that all much C. much that all D. that much all
8. With profits at record levels, the company’s certainly sitting…………... this year.
A. pretty good B. pretty well C. prettily D. pretty
9. Because we hadn’t seen each other for ages, we sat…………...for hours.
A. to have talked B. to have been talking C. talking D. to be talked
10. John :…………... what he has said be true?
Mary: Yes, it…………...be true. A. May/may B. Can/can C. May/must D. Can/must
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 PTS)
Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle
1. The front page was full of the reports given by the reporters…………...the scene of the road accident. A. in B. on C. at D. of 2. The winds changed and it seemed our sailing team might …………...out on top. A. float B. come C. reach D. get 3. Let’s row over…………...the other side of the lake. A. on B. along C. to D. off 4. If you feel bad about what she said, then it up with her - don’t let it go. A. get B. sit C. put D. take 5. He gave…………...his seat on the bus to an elderly woman. A. over B. in C. up D. back 6. The doctor…………...all night with the patients in the hospital. A. sat out B. sat up C. sat in D. sat on 7. I was allowed to sit …………... on an executive meeting. A. about B. in C. at D. up 8. His latest book deals with the social problem…………...the day. A. on B. in C. for D. of 9. Unfortunately, some really ill animals have to be…………...by our center. A. put down B. turned over C. passed away D. taken out 10. The new regulations have…………... up a number of problems for the company. A. come B. thrown C. got D. moved
IV. IDIOMS AND COLLOCATIONS. (5PTS)
Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. Those stones have been here since time…………... A. immemorable B. immemorial C. immortal D. innumerable 2. The art teacher gave the children a free…………... in their creative compositions. A. offer B. hand C. gift D. kick 3. Once at the skating rink, Ivan was allowed to skate to his heart's …………... A. happiness B. contentment C. content D. delight 4. After making several bad business deals the company was losing money hand over…………... A. finger B. thumb C. wrist D. fist 5. The government is making little …………... in its fight to beat inflation. A. headway B. improvement C. advance D. forward 6. We at Buyrite fling down the …………... to competitors to match us for price, quality and service. A. mitten B. sword C. gauntlet D. hat 7. The drama group…………...a sketch about a couple buying a new house. A. created B. carved C. did D. painted 8. Has the show finally jumped the…………...? A. salmon B. herring C. shark D. dolphin 9. I can't tell you…………...the population of Prague, but there’s an encyclopedia in the cupboard. A. in hand B. at hand C. off-hand D. on hand 10. During pioneer days a lot of land in the United States was up for…………... A. gain B. taking C. promotion D. grabs
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10PTS)
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1. READING COMPREHENSION 1 (5PTS)
Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question:
Musicals are a wonderful form of entertainment. While plays are theatrical productions which tell a story through the written words of a script and are presented by actors, musicals are stories told with lyrics and music. In New York many of the theaters where the famous and well-known musicals are performed are on or near Broadway and for that reason the musicals are often referred to as “Broadway Musicals” Some of the lesser known productions, whether theatrical or musical, are also performed in New York but these are usually performed in other areas of the city and are referred to as “Off-Broadway” productions.
Some of the same musicals being performed in New York are also being performed throughout the world in major cities. And not all musicals are first performed in New York. Sometimes shows open in Lon don's West End which is home to numerous theaters where musicals, as well as plays, are performed with great frequency and regularity to full-house audiences.
One of the world’s most prolific and well-known songwriters is an Englishman, Andrew Lloyd Webber. Webber grew up in a family whose interests centered on music. Andrew’s father was a music professor and his mother a singer and musician, and Andrew's talents seemed to take center stage when he was very young. He began playing the violin when he was three years old and by the time he was nine he was composing music for the small theater which had been built in his home.
One of Webber’s first musicals was a short production about a religious topic and was written for a school’s end of the year concert. The production later became a musical known to the world as Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. Based on the biblical story of Jacob and his son Joseph, the musical tells the story of Jacob giving his son, Joseph, a beautiful multi-colored coat and the resulting jealousy of Joseph’s brothers who have Joseph sold as a slave.
As the story continues in song, Joseph is jailed, explains his dreams to other prisoners, and is later asked by the Egyptian pharaoh to help explain the pharaoh’s dream. The dream, signifying an impending famine, is correctly interpreted by Joseph and as a result Joseph is held in high esteem by the ruler. The musical concludes happily when Joseph’s brothers, who need food from Joseph as a result of the famine, are no longer jealous of him and he forgives them.
Cats, which is based on an English author’s poems about cats, is a favorite of nearly everyone. It tells the story of cats who are beautiful and of cats who are old. Some of the cats are magical and others are mischievous. One cat reminisces about her youth and the others also become person-like as their stories are told. And the cats come in all shapes and sizes, too. Some are chunky while others are lean. Some have seen better days and some are waiting for better days. To make the musical even better, in some of the productions the cats-all human sizes and shapes, of course - find their ways down the aisles to the stage to begin each act. The lyrics in Cats follow T. s. Eliot’s poetry and as the songs are sung by cats they are about cats. And one of the most interesting aspects of the production is that the human-like personalities of the cats are readily apparent to the viewers.
The award-winning Evita was another Webber’s masterpiece. Evita is the story of Eva Peron, and tells of her rise to power and the influence she had among the people of Argentina. The play begins with her death. This musical, unlike some others, begin s with the immediate - Evita's death - and then flashes back to the beginning of her life, showing her rise in importance in her South American home land. Historically significant, Evita has brought to the world's attention the plight of Argentina and its people as well as presenting some of the story of the dictatorship of Juan Peron and the lasting impact Eva Peron had on the people of her country . This musical, while serious in subject matter, leaves the audience with a greater understanding of a country and its peopled The lyrics and music of "Don’t Cry for Me, Argentina," are hauntingly uplifting rather than sad and demonstrate Evita’s continually encouraging attitude to the struggling poor in her homeland.
Throughout the years Webber has written lyrics to a variety of productions. The rock musical, Jesus Christ Super star, began its run in 1969 and has been a favorite of touring companies since then. Sunset Boulevard is set in Los Angeles and tells the story of a silent movie star who desperately - ants to revive her fame and reputation with a comeback in the talkies. And perhaps one of the all-rime greats is the highly
acclaimed production, Phantom of the Opera . The setting, in the bowels of a great opera house , is significant to the story line because the phantom of the opera has established his domain there. Love, lost love , and intrigue are all facets of the phantom’s story and his role in assisting a talented young woman who aspires to be one of the opera’s greats.
An drew Lloyd Webber has made significant contributions to the arts and especially to the musical theater through the numerous lyrics he has written for musicals. His prolific productivity continues as he has, for the past several years, written a new musical about every two years. And in 1992 he was recognized and knighted for his services to the arts.
1. Why does the author discuss Joseph in the passage?
A. A pharaoh is the central character and is a necessary inclusion in the musical to convey the meaning of the story.
B. Usually a biblical story is not set to music as Lloyd Webber saw fit to do.
C. The plot of the musical involve d a famine which had dire effects on the people of the Middle East.
D. Egypt is the setting for the musical and is important to the story line of the musical.
2. What is the main ide a about Sir Andrew Lloyd Web be r’s musicals presented in the passage?
A. He is an Australian member of Parliament who decided to write songs in his spare time.
B. As a New Zealander. Webber felt it important to promote the British Commonwealth of Nations. C. As an Englishman honored for his musical talents, the musicals present a wide variety of settings, lyrics, and interest areas forth eater attendees.
D. He is of Scottish descent and wanted to show his appreciation to the British royalty for showing positive responses to his works.
3. Musicals are different from plays in that…………... .
A. musicals are stories produced with scripts whereas plays can be scripted or unscripted. B. while plays and musicals both tell stories, in a play the stories are not set to music.
C. plays are noted for their seriousness while musicals only provide entertainment to the attendees. D. plays are only informative while musicals are never informative.
4. Webber, who is noted for the variety of subject matter in his famous musicals, has chosen to write music for existing literature in which of the following musicals?
A. Evita B. Sunset Boulevard
C. Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat D. Cats
5. What does the author mention about Webber's other musical talents other than composing music?
A. His singing ability gave him opportunities to try new verse ideas on people who were inclined to appreciate his work.
B. Playing the piano provided the necessary background for understanding how the piano played an important part in musical, Sunset Boulevard, which was the story of a silent movie star.
C. Playing the violin helped Webber understand the different musical qualities an instrument could provide, which in turn helped him understand the importance of variety in lyrics.
D. Dancing, an important part of all musicals, was better appreciated by Webber when he began to write lyrics.
6. Which of the following is mentioned about a famine in one of Webber's musicals in the passage?
A. People in England understood the famine in connection with the British rule of its Commonwealth of Nations.
B. The famine was central to the plight of the Egyptians during the time period in which the musical was set.
C. The Middle East had never experienced a famine and the reader needed to be aware of the ramifications of such an event.
D. Americans did not understand the significance of a famine other than the potato famine in Ireland which resulted in the migration of many settlers to America.
7. Evita is the beautifully told story of…………...
A. Argentina's havoc-wrecked rural society during the 1930s
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B. dictators and rulers in a power hungry nation during the 1940s
C. the leadership in Buenos Aires at the turn of the century
D. Eva Peron’s influence over the masses in a poverty-stricken country
8. In what aspect was the introduction of Jesus Christ Superstar to the stage and to the world a monumental undertaking?
A. It was able to put a serious subject matter to a type of music which many found offensive or unacceptable.
B. It became highly acclaimed and extremely popular with the younger adults during the 1980s.
C. It has the controversial nature of the subject matter and the widely accepted musical basis
D. It was first shown in Los Angeles even though most US musicals are first shown on stage in New York City.
9. The word ‘plight’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to…………....
A. serious epidemics B. difficult situation
C. natural disasters D. poor cooperation
10. The word ‘intrigue’ in paragraph 8 is closest in meaning to…………...
A. security B. plot C. betrothal D. surety
2. READING COMPREHENSION 2 (5PTS)
Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question:
In February 2001, at the age of 24, Ellen Mac Arthur became the youngest and fastest ever woman to sail round the world. After 94 days alone on board her yacht Kingfisher, she finished second to Michel Desjoyaux of France in the single-handed Vende Globe event.
In sport, like life, the winner is usually feted, and runners-up quickly forgotten. This time the roles were reversed and it was Ellen, weighing just 50 kilos and barely lm60 tall, that really captured people's imaginations and emotions. One newspaper in France, where she was and is a real heroine, summed up the national mood there with the headline 'Well done, Michel, brave Ellen'.
As with many spectacular achievers, the signs were there from an early age, even in the unpromising nautical terrain of landlocked Derbyshire. Her great-grandparents were sailing people and a great-uncle was a merchant seaman, but any real link with the sea is tenuous. There was, however, an Auntie Thea who lived on the east coast of England and had a 26-foot sailing boat called Cabaret. It took just one trip on the open sea with her aunt to spark off Ellen's lifelong passion. She was eight years old. She began saving her pocket money and spent all her spare time reading sailing books in the library, absorbing information like a sponge. With her savings and the help of her grandmother she bought an 8-£00t fibreglass dinghy, and from that moment on there was no keeping her away from the water.
Sailing round Britain single-handed at the age of 18 was just the start; Ellen had long since set her sights on the Vende. But finding the money to undertake round-the-world voyages is no easy feat. She wrote 2,000 letters requesting sponsorship and received just two replies, from the Kingfisher company who were looking to expand into France. And in terms of race preparation, if thoroughness was the key to success, Ellen could certainly be considered one of the favourites. In the eight months leading up to the start of the race, she sailed no fewer than 60,000 miles at the helm of her 60-£001 Kingfisher, far more than the rest of the fleet put together in the same period.
During her three months at sea MacArthur negotiated deadly icebergs, gigantic waves and gale-force winds. She endured the freezing cold of the Antarctic and suffered the blistering heat of the windless doldrums. Racing conditions meant sleeping in 10-minute bursts, a survival suit that stayed on for weeks at a time and hands and wrists covered in sores and cuts. Food was dried or frozen. Water came from a desalinator, which passes sea water through a membrane. 'You don't really wash in the icy waters of the southern ocean,' she laughs. 'Anyway, there's no one to tell you that you smell.'
As Kingfisher crossed the finishing line Ellen was surrounded by hundreds of spectator boats and a cheering crowd of 200,000 lined the shore. Stepping off her yacht she looked remarkably composed and seemed to take the change from solitude to public adulation very much in her stride. Her thoughts, she later
confessed, were on the realization that she had fulfilled the ambition that had dominated her life for the previous four or five years. 'Throughout that time my sole focus had been crossing the finishing line, and in the fastest possible time.' Now she could savour that moment.
But despite MacArthur's belief that everyone who finishes the Vende is a winner, she still feels a sense of disappointment that, having taken the lead from the eventual winner Michel Desjoyaux 10 days from the finish, she did not quite have the energy or good fortune to turn her advantage into victory. 'You have to believe you can win from the start,' she asserts. 'Deep down you're a competitor, you don't climb the mast and come back black and blue just for a cruise. You do it because it's a race.'
The public will now be hoping to see a suitable encore, some new feat of endurance to justify her celebrity status. For Ellen can no longer claim, as she did in her post-race press conference, to be the simple Derbyshire girl with 'no mobile, no credit cards, no money, no nothing'; she is a heroine and an inspiration to others of her generation. As if to reinforce this, and despite her reluctance to take on this role, she later commented: 'If there's one thing I've learned in this past year, it's that deep down in your heart, if you have a dream, then you can and must it happen.'
1. The word feted in the second paragraph means…………... A. to make somebody pleasant. B. to praise somebody. C. to make somebody happy. D. to give somebody a reward.
2. At the time of her achievement we learn that Ellen………….... A. enjoyed only short-lived success. B. was more famous in France than anywhere else, C. attracted more attention than Michel Desjoyaux. D. became popular because of her size.
3. The word landlocked in the third paragraph means…………... A. having no seaport. B. having no fresh water . C. having no land. D. having no sea coast.
4. Where did Ellen's initial interest in sailing come from? A. She came from a family of sailing enthusiasts: B. She went to see one of her relatives, C. She read widely on the subject. D. She lived near the sea.
5. The word single-handed in the fourth paragraph means…………... A. without any help from anyone else. B. using only one of one's hands to row. C. on a boat with only one paddle. D. on a boat with only one sail.
6. What do we learn about Ellen at the start of the race? A. People thought she had a very good chance of winning. B. She was a more experienced sailor than the other racers, C. She had been waiting for this moment since she was 18. D. She had gone to great lengths to achieve her ambition.
7. The writer suggests that one cause of discomfort for Ellen at sea was………….... A. the shortage of water. B. her failure to sleep. C. extremes of temperature. D. a lack of cooking facilities.
8. According to the writer, when Ellen finished the race, she was…………... A. overwhelmed by her new-found fame. B. surprised by the number of people who came to greet her. C. able to reflect on her achievement. D. delighted to be amongst people again.
9. According to the writer, Ellen…………... A. thinks she deserved to win the race.
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B. has mixed feelings about the outcome of the race, C. knew she would win the race.
D. thinks Michel Desjoyaux was lucky to beat her.
10. Which of the following views does the writer express in the last paragraph?
A. She has the power to motivate. B. She has no right to fame yet.
C. Her comments lack depth. D. She needs to change her lifestyle.
VI. CLOZE TEST
1. CLOZE TEST 1 (5PTS)
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space
Lee Kuna Yew was appointed as the first prime minister of Singapore in 1959 when the nation became a self-governing state. At that time, Singapore per (1)…………... income was only about USD 400. When Lee (2)…………... down in 1990. the figure was USD 11,000 and in 2014 it went up to over 56,000, even higher than that of its former (3)…………... , Great Britain. In his (4)…………...published in 2000, he wrote ‘They laughed at us, but I was confident that we would have the last laugh.'
Born into a middle-class Chinese family in Singapore, Lee was (5)…………...by the language and institutions of the British rulers. He was (6)…………... to go to the UK to study law, but the Second World War broke out and he had to go to the local Raffles College where he learnt some economics. It was not until 1946 when he talked his way to Cambridge and graduated three years later with a starred first. It was during this time that he nurtured ambitions (7) …………...starting a legal career back home.
As a prime minister, he has always been described as an efficient and inventive person. He was one of the greatest statesmen who proved to the whole world that human (8)…………... , not natural resources, is the essential element of prosperity. Lee is also believed to be very (9)………….... When Singapore gained independence in 1965, he decided to keep English as the main language to increase economic benefits. Although many of his policies are still considered (10)…………... , they helped Singapore to overcome many obstacles and become one of the most admired international business and financial centers around the world.
l. A . personal B. capita C. capital D. national
2. A. sat B. settled C. stepped D. passed
3. A. colonizer B. colonial C. colony D. colonization
4. A. journals B. agenda C. autography D. memoirs
5. A. rooted B. affected C. influenced D. educated
6. A. scheduled B. ordered C. made D. pushed
7. A to B. beyond C. over D. of 8. A. ability B. sources C. intelligence D. ingenuity
9. A. open-minded B. innovative C. forward-looking D. imminent 10. A. skeptical B. disbelieving C. controversial D. contradictory
2. CLOZE TEST 2 (5PTS)
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space Sunday May 4th will be World Laughter Day. Dr Madan Kataria, who introduced this annual event, says we need more laughter in our lives to (1)…………... the global rise of stress and loneliness. But surely that strange sound that we make periodically can ’t be the (2)…………... to such problems.
If an alien were to land on our planet and (3)…………... a stroll among a crowd of earthlings, it would hear a lot of ‘ha-ha’ noises. It might wonder what (4)…………...this strange habit served. If we ask ourselves what (5)…………... a good laugh, the obvious answer is that it is a response to something funny. But one scientist, Robert Provine, says humour has surprisingly little to do with that. Instead, it lies at the (6)…………... of such issues as the perception of self and the evolution of language and social behaviour.
Provine realised that you cannot capture (7)…………... laughter in the lab because as soon as you
(8)…………... it under scrutiny, it vanishes. So, instead, he gathered data by hanging around groups of people, noting when they laughed.
He collected 1,200 laugh episodes - and episode being defined as the comment immediately preceding the laughter and the laughter itself. His analysis of this data revealed some important facts about laughter. “It's a message we send to other people - it (9)…………... disappears when we’re by ourselves,” he says. “And it's not a choice. Ask someone to laugh and they'll either try to (10)…………...a laugh or say they can't do it on command.”
1. A. struggle B. combat C. threaten D. contest 2. A. way B. answer C. end D. response 3. A. make B. get C. walk D. take 4. A. reason B. purpose C. idea D. meaning 5. A. results B. leads C. prompts D. concludes 6. A. root B. stem C. head D. back 7. A. complete B. authentic C. contemporary D. current 8. A. place B. lay C. stand D. keep 9. A. absolutely B. constantly C. undoubtedly D. virtually 10. A. offer B. pretend C. fake D. imagine
B. WRITTEN TEST (70PTS)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20PTS)
1. OPEN CLO ZE TEST 1 (10PTS)
Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word
Have you ever given any thought to the concept of the protection of our natural resources and the significance it (1)…………... on our sound existence? It may have been recognized by only a few of us what consequences our wasteful life may lead to unless we undertake some proper measures to conserve our natural habitats and their key (2)…………...- wildlife, vegetation, soil and water supplies. This question requires still more publicity, (3)…………... sure. (4)…………...ever do we realize how much effluent gets discharged into water or how many tons of waste our populations can (5)…………... out daily. In our hectic life, we seldom think of the vast area of woodlands, including the rain forests, that get (6)…………... every minute. We aren't usually conscious of the fact that the ozone layer is being depleted due to the greenhouse effect. How much do we know about the animal species being on the (7)…………... of extinction? Lastly, who is to (8) …………... for our abysmal ignorance? One possible response is the incredible intensity of life that we are living almost all the time. Statistically, an average couple has more to acquire in the 20th century than their ancestors did several decades ago - education, the financial means for securing the family with a flat or a house, a car, a sterero and other variety of rudimentary accessories that the civilized world has to older and (9)…………... which our earthly existence seems unimaginable. Therefore, the answer is simple. It is ourselves that should lace the charges of devastating the natural environment that we originate from, but for which we don't give much consideration (10)………principle.
2. OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (10PTS)
Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word
How often do you go along to a gig and see (1)…………. new? Well, Quest's Friday night gig at the City Hall certainly caught my (2)………….. Having heard one or two tracks online, I was (3)…………. a group of about six musicians. Imagine my surprise when just three young men walked on stage. It was clear that the band already have a small but (4)………….following. A group of fans in front of the small stage were singing (5)…………. to at least half of the songs. And it was easy to see why. Quest have a clever combination of catchy (6)…………. , an irresistible beat, and very much their own sound. All three of the band members play with great energy and expertise (7)………….their age.
The only downside was when it came to the encores. They (8)…………. up repeating some of their material and giving us cover (9)…………. of early rock classics. A bit disappointing, but give them time
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and I'm sure they'll be writing a lot more.
I'm sure we'll be hearing a lot more from Quest. Check them out every Friday at the City Hall until the end of the month. It's well (10)…………. it.
II. WORD FORMATION (20PTS)
1. WORD FORM 1
Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses. (10 PTS)
1. Students carried out a …………. at the governor's office to protest higher tuition costs. (SIT )
2. It was a very idea …………. completely impractical and unworkable. (FAR)
3. Sometimes the way we view life seems to be determined not by what really happens to us, so much as by our perception of what happens, which is sometimes called thinking. (FACT)
4. Bill Gate is a totally millionaire…………. he started his own business with no financial help at all. (SELF)
5. we often forget we are inextricably linked to nature, and by doing so,………….contribute to its slow destruction. (ADVERT)
6. The drinking water had a …………. oily taste. (AGREE)
7. The students ranged from people who already had some expertise in the kitchen, to totally (3)…………. people like myself. (SKILL)
8.It was going to take some deft political…………. to save the situation. (WORK)
9. What a terrible film! It's really…………. in my views. (RATE)
10. The reason for Bruce Lee's death was sleeping pill…………. (DOSAGE)
2. WORD FORM 2
Complete the passage with appropriate forms of the words given in the box. (10 PTS)
revere rebel single love tantrum atop recognize demographic timid imposing
Shigeru Miyamoto is the most successful artist of the last 50 years. He has (1)………. laid the foundations for the world's largest entertainment industry. Sales of his video games, from Super Mario Bros to Wii Sports, have (2)………. an incredible 500 million, and show no signs of slowing down.
Miyamoto, who joined Nintendo in 1977, has created eight of the top-10-selling video games of all time His latest smash, Wii Fit, has sold 23 million copies, becoming the second biggest-selling game in history. It's made video games a daily part of life for a huge (3)………. of people who previously dismissed them as child's play.
Yet over and above his phenomenal sales success, what really sets Miyamoto apart from anyone else in any creative field is his marrying of genius with astonishing modesty. He cuts a(n) (4)………. , diminutive figure, sitting obediently in his chair. A Beatles T-shirt and mop top haircut are the only signs of cultural (5)………. , smoothed at the edges by a quiet (6)………. and politeness. It's immediately apparent that unlike many of the Bafta Fellows to whose club he now rightly belongs, impassioned (7)……….and theatrical outbursts are not his style.
Neither, as it turns out, are the glitz and glamour to which some may suggest he is entitled. "I'm not envious of the attention of movie stars. I enjoy not (8)………. ," he says. "It allows me to get on with my life. All I want is to be recognized through my work. It's funny - in America and the UK, they say I'm famous in Japan. In Japan, they say I'm famous in America and the UK." Miyamoto's placid temperament and genial (9)………. form a perfect fit with the universally (10)………. nature of his work. Miyamoto has never produced a title that wasn't suitable for families to play together, even in the days when video games were the unique preserve of teens in darkened bedrooms.
III. ERROR CORRECTION (10PTS)
Read the following text which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections
I trotted along country toward the den, and I was within half a mile of it where there was a thunderous roar behind me. It was so loud and unexpected that I involuntarily flang myself down on the moss. The Norseman came over at about fifty feet. As it roared past, the plane waggled its wings gaily in salution, then lifted to skim the crest of the wolf esker, sending a blast of sand down the slope with its propeller wash. 1 picked it up and quieted my thumping heart, thinking black thoughts about the humor in the rapidly vanishing aircraft.
The den ridge was, as I expected, wolfless. Reaching the entrance to the burrow, I shed my heavy trousers, tunic and sweater, and taking a flashlight (whose batteries were very nearly dead) and measured tape from my pack, I began the difficult task of wigling down the entrance tunnel.
The flashlight was so dim (that) it cast only an orange glow - barely sufficient to enable me to read the mark on the measuring tape. I squirmed on, descending at a 45-degree angle, for about eight feet. My mouth and eyes were soon full of sand and I was beginning to suffer from claustrophobia, for the tunnel was just big enough to admit me.
1……………. 2……………. 3…………….
4……………. 5……………. 6…………….
7……………. 8……………. 9……………. 10……………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20PTS)
1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it
1. Managing the company will probably be much more complicated than they say. → Managing the company should not.................................... easy as they say.
2. Because my father went away for the weekend, his secretary was in charge of the business. → Had ...................... .............................................. store in terms of business.
3. The family members find it hard to accept their father’s fortune will go to charity. (resistance) → There ...............................................................................................................
4. If she fails to accomplish her mission, her job will be put at risk. (line) → Should............................................
2. For questions 5-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the sentence, using the word given. Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet 5. The day after I lost my job, I did not feel like getting out of bed. (inclination) → 6. It is necessary to free our business from the influence of the bureaucracy right now. (hand) → It is necessary to free...........................
7. The train is too crowded with the commuters during the morning rush hour. (sardines) → The commuters on the train were................... 8. The club has been very successful since the beginning of the season. (on) → ....................................................... .............................................................. . 9. The boys fixed all their attention on what the teacher was saying in order not to miss any small details. (zeroed) →
10. He causes so much trouble that we can do nothing besides from leaving him to worry and suffer the unpleasant effect of his own actions. (juice) →
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in the corresponding numbered boxes. 5 10 15
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
I. WOR D CHOICE (5ps)
(40pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. Large UK-owned companies are .................. their European rivals when it comes to creating wealth, a study has concluded.
A. outstripping B. catching up C. overruning D. exceeding
2. Donald Trump's pledge to rip up existing trade deals with Mexico would ..................... substantial damage on the US economy and kill the region's competitiveness on the world stage, according to the Mexican economist who led the country's trade talks with the US.
A. induce B. inflict C. impose D. wreak
3. Discontent among the ship's crew finally led to the ......................
A. riot B. rebellion C. mutiny D. strike
4. The inconsiderate driver was ..................for parking his vehicle in the wrong place.
A. inflicted B. harassed C. condemned D. confined
5. Another, perhaps inspired by the nursery rhyme, is that a(n )................... . for sweet things during pregnancy makes you more likely to be having a girl, while a boy will make you crave savoury, salty foods, meat and cheese in particular.
A. inspiration B. affinity C. predilection D. propensity
6. The proposal would ....................... a storm of protest around the country
A. spark B. sparkle C. ignite D. trigger
7. She refused to answer questions that...................... her private affairs
A. infringed on B. imprinted in C. impinged on D. indulged in
8. The book is such a .....................that I can not put it down
A. page-turner B. best-seller C. duvet-cover D. mind-reader
9. The rates of extreme poverty have halved in recent decades. But 1.2 billion people still live......
A. on the house B. on the tenterhooks C. on the breadine D. on the cards 10. Obama expressed regret as a US drone strike has..................... killed innocent hostages.
A. incongruously B. vehemently C. inadvertently D. graciously
II. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (5pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. 11 ……………. , we missed our plane.
A. The train is late B. The train was late C. To be late D. The train being late 12. "Mind your business"
A. What, again? B. I don't mind. C. Thank you D. All right. I didn't mean to be noisy 13. My friend has …………….for a bargain.
A. a sharp ear B. a keen eye C. a strong head D. a keen ear 14…………….they to open fire without a warning.
A. On condition that B. Under no conditions that are C. On no condition are D. On no conditions that are 15. His jean s and checked shirt,……………. , looked clean and of good quality. A. though it old and well-worn B. though old and well-worn C. even though are they old and well-worn D. although them old but well-worn
16. I hope you won’t take it…………….if I suggest an alternative remedy. A. offence B. amiss C. upset D. most
17. Claims for compensation could…………….run into billions of pounds.
A. far B. much C. well D. most 18. I’d prefer to go skiing this year…………….on a beach holiday.
A. to going B. than going C. rather than go D. rather than going 19.……………the public’s concern about the local environment, this new road scheme will have to be abandoned.
A. as regards B. In view of C. In the event of D. However much 20. We are prepared to overlook the error on this occasion…………… your previous good work. A. with a view to B. thanks to C. in the light of D. with regard to
IV. PREPOSITION AND PHRASAL VERBS (5pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 21. My fingers are tired! I've been hammering away …………..this keyboard for hours. A. on B. at C. onto D. in 22. There tactics were strongly influenced by reliance on line formation and fire-power, as against attack…………..close quarters.
A. in B. on C. to. D. at 23. His jokes seemed to be going………….. very well with his audience, if their laughter was any indication.
A. off B. along C. by D. down 24. The communist government has resigned………….. the background of the widespread social unrest. A. against B. from C. to D. as 25. The prisoner was recaptured as he made a dash………….. the gate.
A. at B. to C. for D. from 26 . I ………….. a small fortune when my uncle died but I managed to squander most of it. I'm ashamed to say.
A. came into B. came about C. came round to D. came down with 27. At the meeting someone………….. the idea that there should be a student representative on the committee.
A. put forward B. put across C. put about D. put out 28. Do you have trouble obtaining your copy of Teacher's Weekly? Why not………….. a regular subscription and be sure of receiving each edition as soon as it's published?
A. Take over B. take out C. take on D. take to 29. He originally …………..to beat the land speed record, but weather conditions were unfavourable. A. Set to B. set in C. set up D. set out 30. The job itself is well paid and interesting, but commuting to the City every day really………….. me………….. A. gets- down B. gets-round C. gets - for D. gets- from
III. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5pts)
31. The waiter tried to be friendly to his customers but a ………….. can't change its spots and he was still very rude. A. leopard B. lion C. cheetah D. wolf 32. Denise has been ………….. the midnight oil trying to finish this report, so she must be exhausted. A. lighting B. brightening C. burning D. burnt 33. For some peculiar………….. , they didn't tell us they were going away. A. cause B. effect C. justification D. reason 34. Monsoon Wedding was described as a cinematic jewel when it hit the…………..screen.
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A. golden B. silver C. bronze D. diamond
35. How much to tell terminally ill patients is ………….. the discretion of the doctor.
A. leaving to B. left to C. led to D. lead to 36. The British prime minister is too apt to cling to Washington's………….. strings.
A. apron B. violin C. heart D. taut 37. After I was nearly expelled in my first year of college, I decided to stop fooling around, put my ………….. to the wheel, and get as much out of my degree as I could.
A. shoulder B. arms C. shoulders D. leg
38. Trying to find her way home through the woods in the dead of night, Sarah lost her …………..when the clouds obscured the stars overhead.
A. bearings B. rag C. heart D. marbles
39. I was struggling with the reading before, but now I've definitely …………... A. get the wrong end of the stick B. got hold of the wrong end of the stick C. got the wrong end of the steel D. get hold of the wrong end of the steel
40. Cubans who reach the U.S. are usually…………..asylum.
A. protested B. protected C. found D. granted
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (10 pts)
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space
PASSAGE A
LONDON’S BLACK CABS
Black cabs, officially known as Hackney Carriages, are synonymous with London and are special for a number of reasons. For a start, they are the only taxis in the city that can be (41)…………from the kerb with a raised hand signal to get the driver's attention. Currently, it is estimated that there are 20,000 black cabs (42)…………on the capital's streets. Their origin, in fact, can be (43)…………the name ‘Hackney Carriage’ said to derive from the French word haquenée referring to the type of horse used to pull the carriages in the days of horse-drawn carriages. The first horse-drawn Hackney coaches appeared on London's streets in the 17th century during the (44) …… of Queen Elizabeth I. As transport developed and motor cars were (45) ………… , motor cabs replaced the horse-drawn carriages. Since the end of the 19th century, various car manufacturers’ vehicles have been used as motor cabs but it was not until the mid-20lh century that the cabs we have been (46) …… over the last decades first appeared.
It is such a(n) realisation of becoming a black cab driver in London and it is (47) …………. If you want to gain this honour you will need to have passed the (48) ………… test known as ‘the Knowledge’, which was first introduced in 1851 following hordes of com plaints by passengers whose cab drivers got lost. This incredibly difficult test can take around three or four years to prepare for and you can often catch a(n) (49) ………… of those drivers who are doing just this zipping around London oh their mopeds, with a map fastened to a clipboard on their handlebars. These people are essentially trying not only to master the 25,000 or so streets within a six-mile radius of Charing Cross, but also to work out the most direct routes from place to place. They must know thousands of ‘points of interest’ such as hotels, hospitals, places of worship, theatres, stations, sports and leisure facilities, to name but a few. Practically everywhere and anywhere that a potential passenger would wish to be taken to or from must be known, so a(n) (50)………, for a black cab driver, is beyond the pale and perhaps this is the most difficult part, knowing the quickest way to get from one place to another. Little wonder so few people are successful.
41. A. acclaimed B. acknowledged C. hailed D. summoned 42. A. hereabouts B. hither and thither C. or thereabouts D. there and then 43. A. ferreted out from B. hunted down from C. mapped out to D. traced back to 44. A. incumbency B. leadership C. reign D. sovereignty 45. A. all the time B. of high standing C. of repute D. in vogue 46. A. clued in on B. genned up on
C. in the know about D. no stranger to 47. A. beyond you B. no brainer C. no mean feat D. over your head 48. A. abominable B. infamous C. loathsome D. unscrupulous 49. A. gander B. geek C. glance D. glimpse 50. A. nodding acquaintance B. insight into London C. profundity of London D. smattering knowledge
PASSAGE B
If you are an environmentalist, plastic is a word you tend to say with a sneer or snarl. It has become a symbol of our wasteful, throw-away society. But there seems little (51)………… it is here to stay, and the truth is, of course, that plastics have brought enormous (52)………… , even environmental ones. It's not really the plastics themselves that are the environmental evil - it's the way society chooses to use abuse them.
Almost all the 50 or so different kinds of modern plastics are made from oil, gas, or coal-nonrenewable natural (53)………… We (54)………… well over three million tons of the stuff in Britain each year and, sooner or later, most of it is thrown away. A high (55)………… of our annual consumption is in the (56)………… of packaging, and this (57)………… about seven per cent by weight, of our domestic (58)…………. Almost all of it could be recycled, but very little of it is, though the plastic recycling (59)………… is growing fast.
The plastics themselves are extremely energy-rich. They have a higher caloric value than coal and one method of “recovery" strongly favored by the plastic manufacturers is the (60)………… of waste plastic into fuel.
51. A. doubt B. evidence C. concern D. likelihood 52. A. pleasures B. benefits C. savings D. profits 53. A. processes B. products C. fuels D. resources 54. A. remove B. consume C. change D. import 55. A. proportion B. portion C. amount D. rate 56. A. way B. form C. kind D. type 57. A. takes B. makes C. carries D. constitutes 58. A. goods B. refuse C. rubble D. requirements 59. A. industry B. manufacture C. factory D. plant 60. A. melting B. change C. conversion D. replacement
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 pts)
Read the text below and, decide which answer best fits each space PASSAGE A
THE CREATORS OF GRAMMAR
No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing word sequences and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are able to communicate tiny variations in meaning. We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and preform many other word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning. Nor is this complexity inherent to the English language. All languages, even those of so-called 'primitive' tribes have clever grammatical components. The Cherokee pronounce system, for example, can distinguish between ‘you and I’ , 'several other people and I’ and ‘you, another person and I’. In English, all these meanings are summed up in the one, crude pronounce ‘we’. Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is. So, the question which had baffled many linguists is - who created grammar?
At first, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language’s creation, documenting its emergence. Many historical linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to
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answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible.
Some of the most recent languages evolved due to Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer’s rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases, it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened, and who did what to whom. [A] Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. [B] Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. [C] Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted their words to create a new, expressive language. [D] Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children.
Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply, a series of gestures; they utilize the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. Moreover, there are many different languages used worldwide. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in 1979 a new government introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught speech and lip reading in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures that they used at home. It was basically a pidgin. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no consistent grammar. However, children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was already around, developed a quite different sign language. Although it was based on the signs of the older children, the younger children's language was more fluid and compact, and it utilized a large range of grammatical devices to clarify meaning. What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way. A new creole was born.
Some linguists believe that many of the world's most established languages were creoles at first. The English past tense -ed ending may have evolved from the verb ‘do’. ‘It ended’ may once have been ‘It enddid’. Therefore, it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first trying to make sense of the world around them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
61. In paragraph 1, why does the writer include information about the Cherokee language?
A. To show how simple, traditional cultures can have complicated grammar structures
B. To show how English grammar differs from Cherokee grammar
C. To prove that complex grammar structures were invented by the Cherokees.
D. To demonstrate how difficult it is to learn the Cherokee language
62. What can be inferred about the slaves’ pidgin language?
A. It contained complex grammar.
B. It was based on many different languages.
C. It was difficult to understand, even among slaves.
D. It was created by the land-owners.
63. All the following sentences about Nicaraguan sign language are true EXCEPT:
A. The language has been created since 1979.
B. The language is based on speech and lip reading.
C. The language incorporates signs which children used at home.
D. The language was perfected by younger children.
64. In paragraph 3. where can the following sentence be placed?
It included standardized word orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the pidgin language, nor the language of the colonizers.
A [A] B.[B] C. [C] D. [D]
65. ‘from scratch’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to: A. from the very beginning B. in simple cultures C. by copying something else D. by using written information
66. ‘make-shift’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to: A. complicated and expressive B. simple and temporary C. extensive and diverse D. private and personal
67. Which sentence is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence?
Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is.
A. All languages, whether they are spoken by a few people or a lot of people, contain grammar. B. Some languages include a lot of grammar, whereas other languages contain a little.
C. Languages which contain a lot of grammar are more common that languages that contain a little. D. The grammar of all languages is the same, no matter where the languages evolved.
68. All of the following are features of the new Nicaraguan sign language EXCEPT: A. All children used the same gestures to show meaning. B. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language, C. The hand movements were smoother and smaller.
D. New gestures were created for everyday objects and activities.
69. Which idea is presented in the final paragraph?
A. English was probably once a creole. B. The English past tense system is inaccurate.
C. Linguists have proven that English was created by children. D. Children say English past tenses differently from adults.
70. Look at the word ‘consistent’ in paragraph 4. This word could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. natural B. predictable C. imaginable D. uniform
PASSAGE B
Fish that live on the sea bottom benefit by being flat and hugging the contours. There are two very different types of flatfish and they have evolved in very separate ways. The skates and rays, relatives of the sharks, have become flat in what might be called the obvious way. Their bodies have grown sideways to form great “wings”. They look as though they have been flattened but have remained symmetrical and “the right way up”. Conversely, fish such as plaice, sole and halibut have become flat in a different way. There are bony fish which have a marked tendency to be flattened in a vertical direction; they are much “taller” than they are wide. They use their whole, vertically flattened bodies as swimming surfaces, which undulate through the water as they move. Therefore, when their ancestors migrated to the seabed, they lay on one side than on their bellies. However, this raises the problem that one eye was always looking down into the sand and was effectively useless. In evolution this problem was solved by the lower eye “moving” around the other side. We see this process of moving around enacted in the development of every young bony flatfish. It starts life swimming near the surface, and is symmetrical vertically flattened, but then the skull starts to grow in a strange asymmetrical twisted fashion, so that one eye, for instance the left, moves over the top of the head upwards, an old Picasso-like vision. Incidentally, some species of 20 flatfish settle on the right side, others on the left, and other on either side.
71. The passage is mainly concerned with………… A. symmetrical flatfish B. bony flatfish C. evolution of flatfish D. different types of flatfish
72. The phrase “hugging the contours” means…………. A. swimming close to the seabed B. hiding in the sand at the bottom of the sea C. floating just below the surface D. lying still on the sea bottom
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73. In lines 2- 5, the author mentions skates and rays as examples of fish that …………
A. become asymmetrical B. appear to fly C. have spread horizontally D. resemble sharks
74. It can be inferred from the passage that horizontal symmetrical fish ………… A. have one eye each side of the head B. have one eye underneath the head C. have two eyes on top of the head D. have eyes that move around the head
75. The word “conversely” is closest in meaning to A. similarly B. alternatively C. inversely D. contrarily
76. According to the passage, fish such as plaice…… A. have difficulties in swimming B. live near the surface C. have poor eyesight D. have distorted heads
77. The word “undulate” is closest in meaning to …… A. sway B. flutter C. flap D. leap
78. The word “this” refers to …………
A. the migration of the ancestors B. the practice of lying on one side C. the problem of the one eye looking downwards D. the difficulty of the only one eye being useful
79. According to the passage, the ability of a bony flatfish to move its eye around is ………… A. average B. weak C. excellent D. variable
80. It can be inferred from the passage that the early life of a flat fish is………… A. often confusing B. pretty normal C. very difficult D. full of danger
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. CLOZE TEST: (20pts)
Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
PASSAGE A:
IS HONESTY THE BEST POLICY?
Radical honesty (1)................,as it is known in the US, is the latest thing to be held up as the key to happiness and success. It involves telling the truth all the time, with no exceptions for hurt feelings. But this is not as easy as it may sound. Altruistic lies, rather than the conniving, self-aggrandising (2)............. are an essential part of polite society.
We all lie like mad. It wears us out. It is the major source of all human (3)................ , says Brad Blanton, psychotherapist and founder of the Centre for Radical Honesty. He has become a (4)........... name in the US, where he spreads his message via day-time television talk shows. He certainly has his work (5) ................ out for him. In a recent survey of Americans, 93 per cent admited to lying regularly and (6)................ in the work place. Dr Blanton is typically blunt about the consequences of being deceitful. ‘Lying (7) ................people,’ he says.
Dr Blanton is adamant that minor (8 ).................. are nothing at all compared with the huge benefits of truth telling. ‘Telling the truth, especially after hiding it for a long time, takes guts. It isn't easy. But it is better than the (9)................. ’.This, he believes, is the stress of living in the prison of the mind, which results in depression and ill health. ‘Your body stays tied up in (10)................and is susceptible to illness; he says. ‘Allergies, high blood pressure and insomnia are all made worse by lying. Good relationship skills, parenting skills and management skills are also dependent on telling the truth.’
PASSAGE B:
It is not uncommon for people returning to visit their parents to react in this way. Although there are obviously real joys in (11) ............... with one’s loved ones, the downside is that it can stir up (12) .............. memories. These are memories that exist deep down and can (13)................. without conscious awareness,
(14).................. triggering feelings we had in the past. Dr Daniel Siegel, author of The Mindful Brain, says that ‘When we (15)................ an element of implicit memory into awareness, we just have the (16) response without knowing that these are (17) ................ related to something we’ve experienced before.
This is distinct from an explicit memory - a (18) ................ experience that exists in our minds, such as learning to ride a bike.’ It is implicit memories that make it possible to experience even a seemingly (19)................. visit home while at the same time unconsciously taking on the (20)................ and attitudes we had as children and reacting as we would have done then.
II. WORD FORMATION: (20ps)
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses
1. I would say that you’d be ........... to resign without having found a new job. (ADVICE)
2. Two people have been arrested for illegal possession of ................ in a police raid. (ARM)
3. The comedy Bringing Up Baby presents practically non-stop dialogue delivered at ................ speed. (NECK)
4. This use of dialogue underscores the ................of the film itself and thus its humor. (ABSURD)
5. People are increasingly becoming.............. to violence on television. (SENSE)
6. They were now faced with seemingly.............. technical problems (MOUNT)
7. He is currently standing trial for alleged................(PRACTICE)
8. All points on a circle are ................(DISTANT) from the centre.
9. The organization insists that it is ................and does not identify with any one particular party (POLITICS)
10. The new regulations will be ................ for small businesses. (BURDEN)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box
content resign leisure ship see tax hold ponder atlantic standard
At one time, for the (11)................of people needing to make the journey, the only way to travel from Europe to America was by ship, but the days of a (12)................five-day (13) ................. crossing in a large liner have long gone. Today, everything is about speed, and long distance travel has become almost exclusively the business of the airlines.
Although air travel is admittedly fast, passengers are still subject to the unexpected (14)........... which seem to be inherent in any form of travel, but people’s re actions to such delays seem to be far more (15)................ than in the days of the great liners. Then, passengers might have shrugged their shoulders (16) ............. and relaxed with a book in their cabins, knowing that little could be done about the situation, but today’s traveller is more likely to make his (17) ................ known forcibly to any official who is unfortunate enough to appear on the horizon.
It is easy to see why this might be the case since airport lounges are (18)...............clearly inadequately equipped to cope with large numbers of (19) ................passengers. Small wonder that people’s tempers begin to fray and their nerves are (20)................ when faced with the prospect of a sleepless overnight stay in what is, after all, no more than a vast public hall.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them
Line
1 Tornadoes are one of the most severe types of weather phenomenon. While many people fear tornadoes and their destructive power, few people understand their real causes and effects, nor are they aware of
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how to protect themselves from their devastating force.
Tornadoes, violently rotating columns of air, occur when a change in wind direction, couple with an increase in wind speed, results from a spinning effect in the lower atmosphere. These whirling movements, which may not be visible to the naked eye, are exacerbated when the rotated air column shifts from a horizontal to a vertical position. As the revolving cloud draws in the warm air that surrounds it at ground level, its spinning motion begins to acelerate, thereby create a funnel that extends from the cloud above it to the ground below. In this way, tornadoes become pendent from low pressure storm clouds. When a tornado comes into contact the ground, it produces a strong upward draft known as a vortex, a spiraling column of wind that can reach speeds in excess of 200 miles per hour. Traveling on the landscape, the tornado wreaks a path of concentrated destruction. It is not common for these twisters to lift heavy objects, like cars or large animals, and throw them several miles. Houses that succumb to the force of the tornado seem to explode if the low air pressure inside the vortex collides with the normal air pressure inside the buildings.
1 …………….. 2 …………….. 3 ……………..
4 …………….. 5 …………….. 6 ……………..
7 …………….. 8 …………….. 9 …………….. 10 ……………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)
1. Were Jack not so affluent a man, she would not be dating with him.
→ But.................................................................................
2. It is likely that they forgot about the extra class.
→ They..............................................
3. Do you have any scarves? I'm looking for one that's woolen, green and fairly long.
→ I'm looking for a.................................
4. You should not lock this door for any reason when the building is open to the public.
→ Under no .........................................
5. A bee sting is more likely to cause death these days than a snake bite.
→ Death.............................................
6. If something's worrying you, you should tell me about it now. CHEST
→ If you have a problem, why don’t you............................................... now?
7. I think you should confront your boss right now with how you feel about this. OUT
→ Why don’t you............................................................. your boss right now?
8. Anna had decided Tom was not telling the truth about what happened. TEETH
→ Anna was sure Tom .................................................. about what happened.
9. Perhaps my sister was bad-tempered because she was tired. FACT
→ I put my sister’s...................................... ........................she was tired.
10. When confronted with his crime the accused was unrepentant. REMORSE
→ The accused............................................................ crime he had committed.
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN HÙNG VƯƠNG - GIA LAI
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 points)
I. WORD CHOICE (5 points)
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences
1. Mark Stringly is rarely interviewed as he hates being in the………….
A. flashlight B. limelight C. headlight D. floodlight
2. I tried to push my way through the standing passengers to get to the door and, failing to keep my…… about me.
A. head B. soul C. wits D. mind
3. We need a more………….assessment of the chances of ending this war.
A. moral B. sober C. plain D. vivid
4. The mobile phone company planned to publicly………….its latest technology to upgrade its already strong operating system.
A. underwrite B. undervalue C. undress D. unveil
5. She has drawn ………….praise for her charitable works. A. abundant B. luxurious C. massive D. lavish
6. When times are good, people can spend freely, but during bad times we have to ………….our spending. A. multiple B. disperse C. curtail D. obstinate 7. The vagrant came out of the shop,………….for about 10 paces before falling against a car. A. stammered B. tripped C. staggered D. skidded 8. James didn't take …………. to your suggestion that she was mean with money.
A. kindly B. pleasantly C. cheerfully D. agreeably 9. When his manager went on a business trip, Smith stepped into the…………. And chaired the meeting. A. hole B. pool C. breach D. crack 10. The manager spoke highly of such………….as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees. A. haracteristics B. properties C. features D. virtues
II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5 points)
Choose the word which best completes each sentence
1. I know you didn’t want to upset me but I’d sooner you………….the whole truth yesterday. A. could have told B. told C. have told D. had told 2. ………….him in York during your holiday, please give him my number. A. Were you to meet B. Had you not met C. Having met D. Should you meet 3. The scientists…………. the festival of Ramadan, but they were too busy with their research in the laboratory.
A. would have liked to commemorate B. would have loved to have observed C. would prefer to have obeyed D. would sooner have celebrated 4. I haven’t got the time to do my own work,…………. help you with yours. A. not counting B. let alone C. apart from D. leaving aside 5. A new generation of performers,…………. those who by now had become a household name, honed their skills before following the same path onto television. A. no less talented than B. along with talented as C. together with talented as D. having been more talented than 6. I gave my last Mars bar to Jake, because he was feeling hungry;…………. , he likes them far more than I can do.
A. besides B. whereas C. nonetheless D. hence
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7. My mother always told me that I shouldn’t judge people………….. The way they look says nothing about their character.
A. by their appearance B. with their outlook C. through appearance D. by their face
8. Owning and living in a freestanding house is still a goal of young adults,…………. earlier generations
A. as did B. as it was of C. like that of D. so have 9. …………. , we can take another road.
A. If need be B. When it may C. We might as well D. Come what must
10. They turned down the proposal………….that it didn't fulfill their requirement.
A. by reason B. on the grounds C. as a cause D. allowing
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 points)
Choose the word which best completes each sentence.
1. The latest novel by Grant is hilarious. It had me…………. stitches. A. in B. at C. on D. with
2. The computer has…………. a long way over the last thirty years. A. taken on B. come on C. broken down D. put in
3. Steve threw………….his chances of passing by spending too much time on the first question. A. on B. off C. away D. in
4. Did you notice Bob trying to………….doing the washing-up. A. get up to B. break out of C. get out of D. get along with 5. This pesticide kills insects………….contact. A. with B. at C. for D. on 6. Eva doesn’t care what she says. People are often………….by her outspoken comments. A. set aside B. taken aback C. stood over D. taken off 7. Steve used to be easy to work with, but since his promotion he's begun to………….
A. throw his weight around B. throw in the towel C. throw him off balance D. turn up trumps
8. The new regim determined to ………….compulsory military service. A. stop of B. end up C. phase out D. break off 9. Terry's quite nice really. Don’t be………….by his appearance.
A. checked off B. put off C. set on D. taken over 10. The court………….scot-free.
A. let her off B. took her away C. set her up D. kept her out
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 points)
Choose the word which best completes each sentence.
1. It takes a very determined person to achieve results as good as this; you really have to put your…… to it.
A. mind B. head C. brain D. thoughts
2. They are always on the……….. young and versatile people.
A. search for B. look out for C. need for D. terms of
3. There's a…………..balance between success and failure.
A. small B. narrow C. fine D. light
4. My camera was stolen from my bag at the airport so I………….. a claim on my insurance.
A. had B. did C. took D. made
5. Reports that he earns more than $5m a year are…………..exaggerated.
A. grossly B. perfectly C. absolutely D. extremely
6. The manager hesitated to assign the job to the newcomer as he was…………..
A. wet behind the ears B. feeling your ears burning
C. ringing in your ears D. keeping your ears open
7. If you want to solve the problem for ever, you must face a difficulty or danger boldly, that is, you must…………...
A. pull the bull's horns B. take the bull by horns C. blow your own horn D. be on the horns of a dilemma
8. Mrs Roy…………...on Saturday evening parties-you’ll find all kinds of people there. A. keeps the doors of the house open B. sets her house in order C. keeps an open house D. brings the house down
9. Terry…………..of the matter long ago. A. was good with his hands B. got his hands dirty C. had his hands full D. washed his hands
10. People are always critical. One needs to………….to cope with criticism. A. have a thick skin B. have a thin skin C. get under their skin D. make their skin crawl
V. READING COMPREHE NSION
READING PASSAGE 1 (5 points)
Continents and ocean basins represent the largest identifiable bodies on Earth. On the solid portions of the planet, the second most prominent features are flat plains, elevated plateaus, and large mountain ranges. In geography, the term “continent” refers to the surface of continuous landmasses that together comprise about 29.2% of the planet’s surface. On the other hand, another definition is prevalent in the general use of the term that deals with extensive mainlands, such as Europe or Asia, that actually represent one very large landmass. Although all continents are bounded by water bodies or high mountain ranges, isolated mainlands, such as Greenland and India-Pakistan areas are called subcontinents. In some circles, the distinction between continents and large islands lies almost exclusively in the size of particular landmass. The analysis of compression and tension in the earth’s crust has determined that continental structures are composed of layers that underlie continental shelves. A great deal of disagreement among geologists surrounds the issue of exactly how many layers underlie each landmass because of their distinctive mineral and chemical composition. It is also quite possible that the ocean floor rests on the top of unknown continents that have not yet been explored. The continental crust is believed to have been formed by means of a chemical reaction when lighter materials separated from heavier ones, thus settling at various levels within the crust. Assisted by the measurements of the specifics within crust formations by means of monitoring earthquakes, geologists can speculate that a chemical split occurred to form the atmosphere, sea water, and the crust before it solidified many centuries ago.
Although each continent has its special features, all consist of various combinations of components that include shields, mountain belts, intracratonic basins, margins, volcanic plateaus, and blockvaulted belts. The basic differences among continents lie in the proportion and the composition of these features relative to the continent size. Climatic zones have a crucial effect on the weathering and formation of the surface features, soil erosion, soil deposition, land formation, vegetation, and human activities.
Mountain belts are elongated narrow zones that have a characteristic folded sedimentary organization of layers. They are typically produced during substantial crustal movements, which generate faulting and mountain building. When continental margins collide, the rise of a marginal edge leads to the formation of large mountain ranges, as explained by the plate tectonic theory. This process also accounts for the occurrence of mountain belts in ocean basins and produces evidence for the ongoing continental plate evolution.
1. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. Continental drift and division
B. Various definitions of the term “continent”
C. Continental structure and crust
D. Scientific analyses of continental crusts
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2. According to the passage, how do scientists define continents?
A. As masses of land without divisions
B. As extensive bodies of land
C. As the largest identifiable features
D. As surgical compositions and ranges
3. In paragraph one, the word “bounded” is closest in meaning to…………
A. covered B. convened C. delimited D. dominat
4. The author of the passage implies that the disagreement scientists is based on the fact that………….
A. each continent has several planes and shelves.
B. continents have various underlying layers of crust.
C. continents undergo compression and experience tension.
D. continents have different chemical makeup.
5. The word “specifics” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to…………
A. specialities B. speculations
C. exact details D. precise movements
6. The author of the passage implies that…………
A. it is not known exactly how the continental crust was formed B. geologists have neglected the exploration of the ocean floor
C. scientists have concentrated on monitoring earthquakes
D. the earth's atmosphere split into water and solids
7. According to the passage, what are the differences in the structure of continents?
A. The proportional size of continents to one another.
B. Ratios of major components and their comparative size,
C. The distinctive features of their elements.
D. Climatic zones and their effect on the surface features.
8. In paragraph four, the phrase “This process” refers to …………
A. continental collision B. mountain ranges
C. the rise of margins D. plate tectonic theory
9. The author of the passage implies that…………
A. the process of mountain formation has not been accounted for B. mountain ranges on the ocean floor lead to surface mountain building C. faulting and continental margins are parts of plate edges D. the process of continent formation has not been completed
10. The word “evidence” in paragraph four is closest in meaning to…………
A. eventually B. confirmation C. exemplification D. challenge
READING PASSAGE 2 (5 points)
MOUND-BUILDER THEORIES
Some of the most impressive geographical features in North America are the many earth mounds scattered around the continent. These earthworks are enormous artifioial hills constructed by various Native American civilizations for ritualistic purposes, such as burials worship, and they are thousands of years old, with the latest ones being finished hundreds of years before Europeans explored America. Upon their arrival, European explorers were impressed with the structures, but prejudice against the native tribes prevented them from accrediting Native Americans with their construction. Instead, American settlers developed several theories that claimed a superior but extinct "mound-builder" civilization made the earthworks. Moreover, particular details of different mound-builder theories reflected the specific prejudices of the people who supported them. For example, devout Christian groups like the Mormons argued that a sacred Israeli society was responsible, and white Americans argued that only the Vikings could have built such mounds because they believed that their European ancestors were far superior to Native Americans. The persistence of these myths showed how for centuries Americans selectively
examined evidence and distorted science in order to support their own agendas against the natives. Prior to the 20th century, many Americans accepted the mound-builder theories as despite the dubious evidence that supported them. For instance, most believers argued that the presence of metal artifacts beneath the mounds showed that the natives couldn't have them because they had no know ledge of metallurgy. Some tribes did in fact possess such skills, and the presence of defensive walls around tribal lands indicates that Native Americans could indeed construct structures such as earth mounds. Nonetheless, most Americans dismissed such evidence and instead considered other potential candidates for the mound builders. Popular choices were ancient Chinese, Greek, or African civilizations, none of which were in prehistoric America. Other people argued that mystical forces, such as God or people from mythical Atlantis, built the mounds.
A common presupposition for all of these theories was that the natives were too unskilled and primitive to build these intricate and complex structures. Ironically, by proclaiming the natives' ignorance, these theorists often displayed their own ignorance: they didn't recognize that the writings on many artifacts excavated from the mounds were Native American, particularly because they didn't know that these tribes had written languages. However, the popularity of these myths wasn't solely the result of racism and ignorance: these theories also served the Americans' agenda of seizing native lands. During the 19th century, when these theories were most popular, Americans expanded throughout the continent and eventually gained total control of all native territory. The settlers often justified their conquests by claiming that the natives themselves had stolen the land after they eradicated the mound- builders, so the Americans were essentially avenging these vanisfied peoples.
In order to support these agendas, proponents of the mound-builder theories would point to any bit of evidence, no matter how weak, that lent credence to their daims, and some even planted false evidence. Throughout the 19th century, excavations at many mound sites produced forged tablets, and these supported theories that either the natives had killed the original builders of the earth mounds or that the mounds were indeed built by a sacred people. All of these were inscribed with different languages, such as Mayan, Chinese, Hebrew, and Egyptian, and this supposedly proved that non-native civilizations built these mounds.
A While these findings were eventually exposed as frauds, the mound-builder theories persisted, even this day, especially among groups that claim racial superiority over the natives. B
Regardless of the misinformation and domineering prejudice that supported mound- builder theories, there has always been support for the idea that natives constructed the earthworks. C The early American president Thomas Jefferson reached this conclusion when he performed excavations at these sites and recognized similarities between native burials and mound burials. D Also, early evidence includes accounts by Spanish and French explorers who stayed with various native tribes and learned of the construction of many mounds. The myths finally ceased to be the dominating view after ethnologist Cyrus Thomas proved that native tribes constructed the mounds. At the end of the 19th century, this also became the United States government's official position.
1. According to paragraph 1, the earth mounds A. still pose many questions as to who built them B. show that an American people preceded the natives C. were scoffed at by the first European settlers D. were misunderstood for hundreds of years
2. In paragraph 1, what does the author imply about the mound-builder theories? A. They were based on native history. B. They didn't find many supporters, C. They confirmed pre-existing beliefs. D. They are widely accepted today.
3. The word dubious in the passage is closest in meaning to A. solid B. technical C. confusing D. doubtful
4. The word resupposition in the passage is closest in meaning to
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A. assumption B. conclusion C. contradiction D. question
5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Many Native American tribes could actually write in their own languages, which several believers of the mound-builder theories wouldn't realize until decades later.
B. By claiming that the natives were too ignorant to write language, the myths' believers actually showed that they were too ignorant to recognize native writing.
C. The people who argued in favor of the mound - builder myths showed that the discovery of inscribed artifacts proved no Native American tribe ever built earthworks.
D. Proponents of myths surrounding the earth mounds lacked crucial knowledge of the various native cultures, and this showed in their support for such ignorant theories.
6. The phrase these vanished peoples in the passage refers to A. mound-builders B. Americans C. natives D. settlers
7. In paragraph 3, the author describes the American conquest of native lands in order to
A. show how important the mounds were to white Americans
B. explain how settlers were able to excavate the mounds
C. prove that natives couldn't build effective walls or mounds
D. discuss how the mound-builder theories were exploited
8. According to paragraph 4, how did the fake tablets allegedly prove that Native Americans didn't build the earth mounds?
A. They supposedly existed before any native society. B. They featured writing from other civilizations, C. They were metal, which natives couldn't make.
D. They resembled sacred tablets described in the Bible.
9. According to the passage, all of the following are true about mound-builder theories EXCEPT:
A. Most expressed racist attitudes. B. They became government policy, C. Some involved fictional societies. D. They relied on shaky evidence.
10. Look at the four choices A, B, C, or D that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
For instance, some black nationalist groups believe that an African civilization responsible for constructing the pyramids also built the earth mounds; like the Viking theory, this myth serves to stress pride in a particular race.
Where would this sentence best fit?
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST CLOZE TEST 1
Read the following passage carefully and then choose best option to fit each space (5 points)
Oxford is a city with such a mind-blowing reputation that many who come here find themselves intimidated by the place and can’t wait to leave, while others, taking to it like a duck to water, find themselves returning again and again. The college lawns provide a gorgeous (1)……….. to serious study, and in the right light, on a sunny winter’s morning say, one feels as if one is (2)……….. on air, such is the sense of unreality. Oxford may like to (3)……….. that it is at the intellectual hub of things, but in many ways it is no more than a sleepy (4)……….. where, to mix metaphors, transitory students, the (5)……….. of their generation, wait in the (6)……….. , allowing their talents to (7)………..before moving off into the industrial or political fast-lane. Much of this, is a myth, of course. Hardship and hard work are very much part and (8)……….. of student life. The (9)……….. get through the three years' hard grind by simply putting their shoulders to the wheel before going on to fairly average jobs. Only for the tiny minority is Oxford the first (10)………..on the ladder to fame and fortune.
1.A. backdrop B. curtain C. scene . D. screen
2. A flying B. gliding C. floating D. swimming
3. A. pretend B. act C. dissemble D. produce
4. A. backwater B. stream C. tributary D. watershed 5. A. froth B. cream C. fat D. caviar 6. A. pavilion B. dressing room C. wings D. foyer 7. A. flourish B. open C. spread D. float 8 .A. package B. section C. province D. parcel 9. A. level-headed B. hot-headed C. hot-blooded D. kind-hearted 10. A. step B. position C. elevation D. ascent
CLOZE TEST 2
Read the following passage carefully and then choose best option to fit each space (5 points) Viewed from the outside (1)………… , the Houses of Parliament look impressive. The architecture gives the place a traditional look, and the buildings are sandwiched between a busy square and the river, making them a (2)………… between the country house of an eccentric duke and a Victorian railway station. You have only to learn that the members (3) ………… to each other as ‘The Honorable Member to (4)………… the picture of a dignified gentlemen's club, with of course a few ladies to (5)………… the numbers. Sadly, over the past few years first radio, and now television, have shown the general public, who are (6) ………… the electorate, what in fact goes on when bills are discussed and questions are asked. The first obvious fact is that the chamber is very rarely full, and there may be only a handful of members present, some of whom are quite clearly asleep, telling jokes to their neighbor, or shouting like badlybehaved schoolchildren. There is not enough room for them all in the chamber in any (7) …………, which is a second worrying point. Of course, television does not follow the work of committees, which are the small discussions groups that do most of the real work of the House. But the (8)………… impression that voters receive of the workings of government is not a good one. To put it (9)…………, parliament looks disorganized, is clearly behind the time and seems to be filled with bores and comedians. This is presumably why members (10)………… for so long the efforts of the BBC to broadcast parliamentary matters on television.
1. A. likewise B. at least C. nevertheless D. as well 2. A. mixture B. combination C. cross D. match 3. A. call B. refer C. speak D. submit 4. A. finalize B. end C. conclude D. complete 5. A. take away B. bring about C. make up D. set in 6. A. after all B. anyway C. even D. furthermore 7. A. point B. way C. matter D. case 8. A. total B. broad C. overall D. comprehensive 9. A. bluntly B. shortly C. directly D. basically 10. A. prevented B. checked C. defied D. resisted
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 points)
I. OPEN CLOZE TESTS
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
CLOZE TEST 1: (10 points)
Throughout our lives, right from the moment when as infants we cry to express our hunger, we are engaged in social interaction of one form or another. Each and (1) …………time we encounter fellow human beings, some kind of social interaction will take place, (2)………… it’s getting on a bus and paying the fare for the journey, or socializing with friends. It goes without (3) …………, therefore, that we need the ability to communicate. Without some method of (4)…………intentions, we would be at a(n) (5)…… loss when it came to interacting socially.
Communication (6)………… the exchange of information which can be anything from a gesture to a
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friend signalling boredom to the presentation of a university thesis which may only ever be read by a (7)…………of others, or it could be something in (8)…………the two. Our highly developed languages set us (9)…………from animals. But for these languages, we could not communicate sophisticated or abstract ideas. Nor could we talk or write about people or objects not immediately present.(10)…………we restricted to discussing objects already present, we would be able to make abstract generalizations about the world.
CLOZE TEST 2: (10 points)
MY NEW FRIEND’S A ROBOT
In fiction robots have a personality, (1)…………reality is disappointingly different. Although sophisticated (2) ………… to assemble cars and assist during complex surgery, modern robots are dumb automatons, (3)………… of striking up relationships with their human operators.
However, change is (4) …………the horizon. Engineers argue that, as robots begin to make (5)……… a bigger part of society, they will need a way to interact with humans. To this end they will need artificial personalities. The big question is this: what does a synthetic companion need to have so that you want to engage (6)………… it over a long period of time? Phones and computers have already shown the (7)…… to which people can develop relationships with inanimate electronic objects.
Looking further (8)………… , engineers envisage robots helping around the house, integrating with the web to place supermarket orders using email. Programming the robot with a human-like persona and (9)………… it the ability to learn its users’ preferences, will help the person feel (10)…………ease with it. Interaction with such a digital entity in this context is more natural than sitting with a mouse and keyboard.
II. WORD FORMATION (20 points)
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses
1. Look ! I know you’ve lost your wallet, but there’s no use in keeping on…………the fact. Someone has stolen it and that's all there is to it ! (MOAN)
2. Paul is a good employee, and is very…………. (CONSCIENCE)
3. He must be drunk. He is making………… remarks. (SENSE)
4. You can ask a…………for advice on what kind of food you should eat to keep you healthy. (DIET)
5. Few active steps were taken to measure, understand or manage the occurance of…………. (ABSENCE)
6. ………… fans crowd near the stage the moment the pop star appears. (AWE)
7. She finally left her husband because of his …………. (ADULT)
8. Liskeard and Callington are basically………… from here, so it’ll take about the same time to get to either of them. (DISTANT)
9. You won’t persuade him to change his mind. His decision is………… . (REVOKE)
10. Since his bad habits were never broken when he was a child, they are now…………. (CORRECT)
PART 2: Complete the following passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
access appear commit deny exclude immerse infant institute lonely see
One of the most challenging aspects of the science anthropology comes from its fieldwork. Certainly, in its (1)…………. as a profession, anthropology was distinguished by its concentration on so-called primary societies in which social (2)…………. appear to be fairly limited and social interaction to be conducted almost (3)…………. face - to - face. Such societies, it was felt, provided anthropologists with a valuable (4)…………. into the workings of society that contrasted with the many complexities of more highly developed societies. There was also a sense that the way of life represented by these smaller societies were rapidly (5)…………. and that preserving a record of them was a matter of some urgency.
The (6) ………….of anthropologists to the first - hand collection of data led them to some of the most (7)…………. places on earth. Most often they worked alone. Such lack of contact with other people created feelings of intense (8)…………. in some anthropologists, especially in the early stages of fieldwork. Nevertheless, this process of (9)………….in a totally alien culture continues to attract men and women to anthropology, and is (10)…………. the most effective way of understanding in depth how other people see the world.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 points)
The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify and correct them
Until recently, we have confined ourselves for our own solar system in the search for life, partly because we have not had evidence for the existence of other solar systems. Furthermore, our telescopes have not been powerful enough to detect planets. But not long ago, a technique was developed that could ascertain reliably whether stars have planets orbiting it. Basically, this technique relies upon our ability to detect with some degree of precision how much light a star is giving. If this change for a brief period, it is probably because a large object - a planet - is passing in front of it. At first, the technique could only establish the existence of a very large planet with an elliptical orbit that brought it in close proximity to the star. This was one of the limits of the technique: life could not exist on such large planets. Furthermore, the orbit of the planet would preclude the possibility of other, smaller planets orbiting the same star. Therefore, that particular planetary system could be effectively ruled out in terms of the search for life.
However, astronomers using an Anglo-American telescope in New South Wales now believe they have pinpointed a planetary system which resembles to our own. For the first time, they identified a large planet, twice the size of Jupiter, orbiting a star like the sun, at much the same distance from its parent star as Jupiter is to the sun. And this is the vital point about their discovery: there is at last a theoretical possibility that smaller planets could be orbiting inside the orbit of this planet.
1…………….. 2…………….. 3……………..
4…………….. 5…………….. 6……………..
7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10……………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION. (20 points)
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given 1. The mob went away when the police came along. → A long ……………………………………………………………………... 2. The inevitability of unemployment was something nobody cared to admit. → The admission……………………………………………………………... 3. Absolute secrecy was crucial to the success of the mission. → Without…………………………………………………………………….. 4. Something must be done quickly to solve the problem of homelessness. → Urgent…………………………………………………………………….... 5. An pretends not to know about Minh's absence. → An turns ……………………………………………………………………. 6. Minnie meant well so you mustn't be offended by her comments. (AMISS)
Please……………………………………………..because she meant well. 7. It’s urgent that the new principal start to deal with the problems facing the school. (GRIPS) → The new principle will have to………………… the problem facing the school straight away. 8. My supervisor did not even hint to me that he was about to resign. (INDICATION) → I……………………………………………………………………………. 9. When I saw the exam questions, I couldn't remember anything. (MIND) → When I saw the exam questions, my………………………………………. 10. We have recently noticed that you have not been attending staff training sessions. (ATTENTION ) → It has …………………………that you have not been attending staff training sessions.
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ƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LONG AN - LONG AN
A. M ULTIPLE CHOICE (40 pts)
I. WOR D CHOICE (5.0 pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
1. She nearly………….on her sandwich as she was eating very fast.
A. suffocated B. drowned C. choked D. fainted
2. She wasn’t allowed into the country ;………….because her papers aren’t in order.
A. subsequently B. presumably C. admittedly D. paradoxically
3. He’s …………. his health, and takes dozens of vitamins every day.
A. fanatical about B. fascinated by C. obsessed in D. enthusiastic about
4. Andrew is a very disciplined employee. He………….great importance to coming to work in time.
A. affixes B. attributes C. admits D. attaches
5. His public announcement of the secret plans was dealt a sheer …………. of confidence and was heavily criticized by the other members of the council.
A. damage B. breach C. crash D. fracture
6. Nobody, even the best doctors, expected Frank’s …………. to be so quick and successful after so severe an accident.
A. renewal B. resumption C. recuperation D. remuneration
7. Unanswered, the demands for nuclear deterrents have………….fears of civil war.
A. flashed up B. prognosticated C. sidetracked D. stoked up 8. Little did I imagine The Amazing Race would entail long-winded journeys and ups and downs…………. A. aplenty B. inexhaustibly C. profusely D. superabundant
9. Researchers have made a(n) ………….plea for more sponsorship so that they can continue their project.
A. com passionate B. dispassionate C. encompassed D. impassioned 10. The game keeper was on the alert as there has been some…………. on the estate.
A. poaching B. punching C. pouching D. pushing
II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5.0
pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. The growth of two-income families in the United States…………. of people moving to a new social class.
A. has resulted in millions B. resulting in millions C. results of millions D. millions of results
2. Stars differ fundamentally from planets…………. they are self-luminous whereas planets shine by reflected light.
A. from which B. when C. and D. in that
3. “Did you know Jim's car broke down on the highway late at night?" “Unfortunately, that's a situation any one…………..” A. might have to confront with B. might be con fronted with C. might be confronted D. might have been confronted
4. Although he acts tough,…………...
A. his bark is worse than his bite B. he’s a tough nut to crack C. he’s learned the hard way D. he isn’t up to scratch
5. What a dangerous thing to do! You …………...have been killed!
A. may B. can C. must D. might
6. On his desk………….. , which he usually sits in front of and looks at. A. stood the picture of us B. it is the picture of us C. standing the picture of us D. stands the picture of us
7. The scientists………… the festival of Ramadan, but they were too busy with their research in the
laboratory.
A. would have liked to commemorate B. would have loved to have observed C. would prefer to have obeyed D. would sooner have celebrated
8. Them an…………of carrying out the burglary was released…………by police. A. to be suspected/followed questioning B. having been suspected/following questioned C. suspected/following questioning D. being suspected/followed questioned
9. A new generation of performers,…………those who by now had become a household name, honed their skills before following the same path onto television.
A. no less talented than B. along with talented as C. together with talented as D. having been more talented than 10. In some countries, acupuncture is used as an anesthesia, permitting patients to have major surgery…… A. while fully conscious B. what is fully conscious C. that fully consciousness D. which is fully conscious
III. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5.0 pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. Towards the end of the film Thelma and Louise, a large truck is ………… by the main characters when they shoot its tank, which is full of oil. A. shot off B. struck in C. poured out D. blown up 2. In the novella, Hadji Murat is an important figure among the Chechens, but he ………… the main leader Sheikh Shamil following an argument.
A. sets apart from B. falls out with C. cuts back on D. keeps out of 3. I thought the movie was going to an end, but it just…………. A. dragged in B. dragged on C. dragged into D. dragged up 4. When he saw her with John, Jack………… anger. A. showed up B. bristled with C. pricked with D. brushed with 5. Ben’s so unlucky in love. Why does he………… the type of woman who brings trouble?
A. fall for B. catch on C. put before D. set out 6. My father decides to apprentice me………… a lawyer although I don’t agree.
A. with B. to C. for D. into 7. China, which has been producing cars ………… joint ventures with foreign partners, is now launching its own brand ………… the global market. A. through - on B. to - along C. of - throughout D. among - for 8. I muddled…………the jigsaw pieces and the children did the puzzle again. A. up B. off C. over D. for 9. We flicked………… a few magazines while we waited in the doctor’s waiting room. A. through B. on C. at D. over 10. Karen was terribly nervous before the interview but she managed to pull herself………… and act confidently. A. through B. over C. together D. off
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5.0 pts)
1. If you want a flat in the centre of the city, you have to pay through the………… for it. A. teeth B. head C. nose D. arm
2. I like my new job; the only fly in the………… is the fact that I have to work every other weekend. A. fat B. porridge C. soup D. ointment
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.1 caught the last bus by the skin of my………….
A. mouth B. leg C. neck D. teeth
4. Since he started his own business, he has been making money hand over………….
A. fist B. heel C. head D. palm
5. He was wearing very shabby, dirty clothes and looked very…………
A. easy-going B. down to teeth C. out of shape D. down at heel
6. I’m afraid you’ve caught me on the…………. I wasn’t expecting you until this afternoon.
A. stove B. grapevine C. spot D. hop
7. The escaped prisoner fought ………… before he was finally overpowered.
A. head over heels B. tooth and nail C. heart and soul D. foot and mouth
8. I didn’t suspect anything at first, but when I noticed her going through the office drawers I began to smell…………
A. a rat B. a pig C. a thief D. a culprit
9. Nagging Susan to stop smoking has no effect on her. It’s like water off …………
A. a windmill B. a duck’s back C. a dripping tap D. an umbrella
10. I hope the computer course stalls this term. We’re all as keen as …………to get going.
A. coffee B. mustard C. a gigolo D. cornflakes
V. READING COMPREHENSION
Read the following passages and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question. PASSAGE 1: (10 pts)
THE BALANCE IN THE OCEANS
The oceans’ predators come in all shapes and sizes. For example, one of the less infamous ones is the colorful starfish, which feeds on plant life, coral, or other shellfish such as mussels for sustenance. A more bloodcurdling example, especially to human beings and most other species of fish, is the shark, though most scientists agree that only ten per cent of the 450 plus species of sharks have been documented as actually attacking a human. Still, there is another predator lurking invisibly in the bodies of water of the world, one which poses one of the greatest threats to all species of ocean life - bacteria. Though many types of fish are continually stalking and evading one another for survival, they all band together in an attempt to keep bacteria levels at bay in order to allow their own existence to continue.
Bacteria play a dual role in the ecosystems of the oceans. On the one hand, they are beneficial as they stimulate plant life through food decomposition, which releases the necessary chemicals for the growth of plant life. This is called nutrient recycling and helps keep the oceans alive. But, on the other hand, bacteria are a major predator for all fish because they attack fragile, weaker individuals. If they are allowed to run rampant and not kept in check, they could virtually suffocate the oceans. In water, bacteria prove to be an even greater threat than on land because, as they proliferate, they reduced the oxygen levels necessary for organisms in the oceans to live. Further, when fish populations become depleted due to factors like overfishing, microbes such as algae expand and threaten the fragile ecosystems of the ocean. Therefore, ocean predators play a critical role by thwarting bacteria growth and maintaining the oceans’ equilibrium by reducing vulnerable links in the food chain.
In many ways, the balance within the oceans’ ecosystems mirrors the human body. That is, all of their components must work in harmony for them to stay healthy, efficient, and alive. If one of them is missing or deficient, an entire system can be placed in jeopardy. In both the human body and the ocean, bacteria play a vital role because, at manageable levels, they aid in protecting and cleaning each system of foreign agents that can be of harm. On the other hand, if bacteria levels increase and become out of control, they can take hold of a system, overrun it, and become debilitating. Therefore, both oceans and the human body have a kind of custodian that maintains bacteria levels. In the human body, it is called a phagocyte. Phagocytes eat up sick, old, or dying cells, which are more prone to bacterial invasion, and thus keep the body healthy. Like in the human body, bacteria can prove fatal to the living organisms in the ocean. Like phagocytes in the human body ocean predators work as antibacterial custodians of the seas. In
essence, they are the immune system and a vital link in the food chain because they remove small, injured, or sickly fish from the ocean environment before bacteria can become too comfortable and multiply. By ridding the ocean of weaker fish, predators allow the stronger ones to multiply, making their species stronger and more resilient. Without their services and with their declining numbers, bacteria will blossom to levels that will eventually overpower and kill even the strongest species of fish because of the depletion of their number one source of life, all important oxygen.
While the greatest battle in the ocean may seem on the surface to be the survival of the fittest fish, closer look reveals something completely different: fish versus microorganisms. Clearly, most living organisms in the oceans are hunters by nature, but this way of life does not merely provide a food source for a dominant species. It also maintains a healthy level of bacteria in an ocean’s ecosystem, thus ensuring the continuation of all species of life within. Major predators are necessary, like the antibacterial cells of the human body, to keep this delicate balance in synch. If their numbers continue to decline and humans ignore their vital role in the ocean, dire consequences will definitely result.
1. The word “lurking” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………
A. attacking B. increasing C. waiting D. approaching
2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of ocean predators?
A. The shark is the deadliest one for all other kinds of life in the oceans.
B. One of the most threatening to all fish populations is bacteria.
C. Starfish do little damage to the population of mussels and shellfish.
D. Most of the killers that hide in the oceans are unknown to humans.
3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about bacteria?
A. They can be extremely detrimental to fish if their numbers increase. B. They are able to feed off themselves when other food sources are limited, C. They stimulate plant life, which in turn releases oxygen into the water. D. They present themselves in numerous shapes and forms as well as colors.
4. The author discusses “nutrient recycling” in paragraph 2 in order to...........
A. show how bacteria act similarly in the ocean and the human body B. explain the different roles of nutrients and oxygen for species of fish C. indicate that bacteria do have a positive impact in the oceans D. note how chemicals from bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth
5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the sentence in bold (“Though... continue”)?
A. Evasion tactics help fish escape from the threats posed by an increasing number of bacteria. B. Various species of fish prey upon one another in order to lower bacteria levels in the ocean. C. High bacteria levels in the ocean help most species of fish to survive by providing them with food. D. Rivals or not, all fish help one another survive by preventing bacteria from proliferating.
6. The word “thwarting” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………… A. encouraging B. preventing C. slowing D. Sustaining 7. According to paragraph 2, bacteria are dangerous to ocean life because………… A. they have the capability to attack both strong and weaker fish B. they could monopolize the critical breathable gas in the ocean C. they get rid of vulnerable links, like dying fish, in the food chain D. they blossom out of control when overfishing becomes dominant
8. The word “debilitating” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………. A. stimulating B. hindering C. elevating D. weakening 9. The author's description of phagocytes mentions all of the following EXCEPT: A. They rid the human body of potentially dangerous organisms. B. They act in a similar manner as the predators of the ocean, C. They dispose of bacteria to make weakened cells revive. D. They are cleaning agents in humans to maintain bacteria levels.
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10. The word “It” in the passage refers to ……….
A. nature B. way of life C. food source D. dominant species
PASSAGE 2: (10 pts)
ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time; making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.
The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity. The new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule, where work began at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a constant pace. At the same time, workers were required to discard old habits, for industrialism demanded a worker who was alert, dependable, and self-disciplined. Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about "obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines." With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could achieve the artisan's dream of setting úp one's own business. Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in status.
In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craft workers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength collapsed. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike or engage in collective action. And skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850's, and the courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.
Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them , the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about articles manufactured before 1815?
A. They were primarily produced by women.
B. They were generally produced in shops rather than in homes.
C. They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production.
D. They were produced mostly in large cities with extensive transportation networks.
2. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.
B. The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.
C. Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.
D. Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.
3. The word “disrupted” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A. prolonged B. established C. followed D. upset
4. In paragraph 4. the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to…………. A. support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories B. to show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by factory machinery C. argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories D. emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints
5. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as consequences of the new system for workers
EXCEPT a loss of…………. A. freedom B. status in the community C. opportunities for advancement D. contact among workers who were not managers
6. The phrase “gathered some momentum” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to …………. A. made progress B. became active C. caused changes D. combined forces
7. The word “spearheaded” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to…………. A. led B. accepted C. changed D. resisted 8. Which of the following statements about the labor movement of the 1800’s is supported by paragraph 5? A. It was most successful during times of economic crisis. B. Its primary purpose was to benefit unskilled laborers, C. It was slow to improve conditions for workers. D. It helped workers of all skill levels form a strong bond with each other.
9. The author identifies “political party loyalties , and disagreements over tactics” as two of several factors that …………. A. encouraged workers to demand higher wages B. created divisions among workers C. caused work to become more specialized D. increased workers’ resentment of the industrial system 4. The word “them”, in paragraph 6 refers to…………. A. Workers B. political party loyalties C. disagreements over tactics D. agents of opportunity
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST:
Read the passages below and decide which answer best fits each space.
PASSAGE 1: (10 pts)
Over the past thirty years or so, the methods used for collecting money from the public to (1)………… the developing world have changed out of all recognition, along with the gravity of the problems faced, and
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the increasing awareness among the population that something must be done. At the beginning of this period, it would have been common to put (2)………… in a collecting box, perhaps on the street or at church, or to receive a small ‘flag’ to wear in the lapel. The 1960s saw the development of shops which sold secondhand goods. (3)…………by the public, and which also began to sell articles manufactured in the developing world in projects set up by the parent charity, to guarantee a fair income to local people. The next development was probably the charity 'event', in which participants were (4)………… to run, cycle, swim and what have you, and collected money from friends and relatives according to how far or long they managed to keep going. The first hint of what was to become the most successful means of (5)………… money was the charity record, where the artists donated their time and talent and the proceeds from sales went to a good cause. This was perhaps a reflection of the fact that young people felt increasingly concerned about the obvious differences between (6)………… in Europe and the United States, and that in most of Africa and Asia, and this concern was reflected in songs besides being clearly shown on television. The problems were becoming hard to (7)…………, but a feeling of frustration was building up. Why was so little being done? The huge success of Band Aid, and subsequent televised concerts, reflected the (8)…………of the media, and of music in particular but also differed in style from other events. People phoned up in their thousands on the day and (9)…………money by quoting their credit card numbers. After all, if you have enough money to buy CDs arid a stereo player, you can afford something for the world's (10)…………children.
1. A. finance B. aid C . pay D. loan
2. A. this B. money C. them D. funds
3. A. donated B. freed C. offered D. awarded
4. A. sponsored B. invited C . required D. used
5. A. borrowing B. such C. further D. raising
6. A. being B. life C. them D. lifestyles
7. A. avoid B. understand C. define D. implement
8. A. mass B. ability C. style D. power
9. A. loaned B. handed in C. pledged D. raised
10. A. famine B. underdeveloped C. starving D. own
PASSAGE 2: (10 pts)
The money that some professional sportsmen earn shouldn’t impress anyone when you take into (1)………… the fact that only a few of them manage to attain immortality and everlasting fame. And once they reach their (2)…………and display their talent at their best, they are fully conscious that their brilliant careers won’t last forever. They live under a constant of being (3)………… and subsequently replaced by someone who is younger, faster and more accomplished. For that reason, objectives like retirement benefits and pensions are (4)………… great concern to all professional athletes.
Some of the retired competitors go as far as to organize strikes and rallies to voice their protest against any policy unresponsive to their demand (5)………… the younger professionals seek more upgrading solutions to the problem as more and more of them attach a proper significance to (6)………… a solid education, even at university level. Such an approach should help them find interesting and well-paid jobs (7)………… their sports career is over.
A completely new strategy has been devised by the schools priding themselves (8)……… supporting their own teams. Their authorities insist that the sports clubs members achieve high academic standards or else they are debarred from partaking certain sports events, which may lead to further disruption in their professional careers.
By these practical and most- effective (9)………… , combining education with sports activity, the (10)………… of the professional athlete as being brainless and unintelligent may eventually be changing to the sportsmen’s benefit.
1. A. reflection B. attention C. examination D. consideration
2. A. prime B. shape C. best D. capacity
3. A. outcast B. outshone C. outstayed D. outgrown 4. A. with B. in C. at D. of 5. A. whereby B. whereas C. whereupon D. wherein 6. A. mastering B. learning C. receiving D. attending 7. A. right away B. promptly C. barely D. once 8. A. with B. on C. for D. in 9. A. grounds B. results C. factors D. means 10. A. vision B. outlook C. image D. judgment
B. WRITTEN TEST: I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20pts)
Fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word.
PART 1:
PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF
THE MIND
Psychology is the study of the mind, by far the most sophisticated machine (1)………… Earth. But how can something as inaccessible as the mind be studied? Even (2)………… we were to open someone’s skull and look inside, we would only see the brain, not the mind in action. (3)………… we cannot observe the mind directly, it controls everything we do. Therefore, psychologists study human behaviour in order to discover (4)…………the mind works. The behaviour that interests them ranges from simple acts such as feeding, to much more complex skills (5)…………language. Psychologists measure behaviour, and often use statistics to show that what they find is reliable evidence and not just down to chance. The scientific knowledge gained from this research is then used by practising psychologists. For example, clinical psychologists- (6)…………make up the largest group of specialists - help people with emotional problems (7)…………with their difficulties. Research findings are not only used by psychologists, but also by other professionals who are concerned with the ways people interact-doctors, teachers and judges, to name just a (8)………… A substantial body of psychological knowledge has been built up since the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, the enormous complexity of the mind (9)………… that there will always be more to learn about it, (10)…………much research is undertaken.
PART 2: GRANDPARENTS: THE NEW GENERATION
Always a sure source of affection, my grandparents were hugely important figures in my life. They (1)…………shower my sisters and me with sweets, indulgences and stories, telling tales about my parents as naughty children. When the last of (2) ………… died, we all wondered who would hold the family together.
People have relied on grandparents in Britain since the Industrial Revolution, (3)…………whole families moved into cities from the country to get work in the new factories, taking grandmother along to look after the children. Despite the fact that more grandmothers are working now, grandparents are still the backbone of childrencare in Britain. They provide 44% of full-time care for pre-school children, which makes you wonder how the country would manage (4)…… them.
The traditional image of a grandparent is a smiling old person surrounded by a cohort of happy children, but (5)………… doesn’t match the facts. (6)………… we have now is the so-called “beanpole family”, thinly stretched (7)…………several generations, with fewer family members in each and with growing numbers of single-parent families. Grandparents are getting younger-more than 50% of grand pa rents have already had their first grandchild by the age of 54.
For many of them, grandparenthood means juggling a job, involvement with grandchildren and, sometimes, the care of (8) …………own parents. It’s up to us to balance the demands we make on them if we don't want to wear them (9) …………. Grandparents are (10)…………a valuable part of the family that we just cannot do without them.
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II. WORD FORM S (20pts)
Fill in each blank with the most suitable form of the word in brackets.
PART 1:
1. Some people wake up every morning with a sense of ease, quiet , and spaciousness in their mind, while others tend to feel anxious, fearful and………….toward the day ahead. (PATHETIC)
2. We (judge)…………. how long it would take us, so the ceremony was over by the time we arrived, misjudged.
3. Up to a point, people can improve their …………. skills with practice , though many scientists believe it's not possible for the brain to carry out two or more processes simultaneously . (TASK )
4. In………….talk (that is, talk in which the participants do not have equal power, status , responsibility or control), we should apply the 'one rule for one and one for another' principle consistently. (SYMMETRY)
5. After the Second World War, there was indeed a/an ………….of developing nations that were able to think up political institutions with a view to achieving independence from their prior colonial and sustain mass engagement thereafter. (RISE)
6. By pausing for a moment or two before speaking you will simply be………….a nervous tendency to rush headlong into everything. (ACT)
7. Many innocent ………….were killed in the crossfire. (STAND)
8. A crowd of curious…………. soon gathered to see what was happening. (LOOK )
9. The other team completely (play)………….us and we lost 6-0.
10. Women who are slimming can never enjoy a meal without being afraid of their diet. (ORGANISE)
PART 2:
Recently, researchers have been kept busy picking lettuces under cover of darkness, but there is a perfectly reason able explanation for this ………….(1. APPEAR) bizarre experiment. Tests have shown that the vegetables picked at night stayed fresh ………….(2. CONSIDER) longer than those picked during the day, though the reason for this improved………….(3 LONG) is unclear.
Lunar gardeners claim to have known about the ………….(4. BENEFIT) effects of nocturnal vegetable management for years, and those gardeners who believe in environmentally friendly organic methods see the idea of working with the moon’s influence as a continuation of their principles. They claim to be following a tradition, long-established in various parts of the world, of working in harmony with the moon’s …………. (5.GR AVITY) pull. In England, lunar gardening reached its zenith in the 16th century, but the vagaries of the …………. (6. PREDICT) climate meant that it survived only as part of an oral folklore tradition.
………….(7. CONFUSE), several different and sometimes contradictory systems are practised today. Although all of them focus on the effects of moonlight and the moon’s pull on the Earth’s water, the exact science remains controversial. There are some…………. (8. HORTICULTURE ) who regard the ideas with…………. (9. SCEPTIC). Others, however, are more encouraging and less …………. (10. DISMISS), and advocate further research, even though no discernible results have been forthcoming in support of any particular theory.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)
The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are active promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions - such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands - to highly spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by defining, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. Like the 1992
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UN Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable of abnormal pressures) not just in terms of the culture of their inhabitation. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important character is their marked seasonality. Consequently, most human acts, including tourism, are limited to clearly defined parts of the year.
Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural beauty and the unique culture of its people. And poor governments in these areas have welcomed the 'adventure tourists’, grateful for the currency they bring. For several years, tourism is the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a key element in the economics of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayres Rocks in Australia and Arizona’s Monument Valley.
1…………….. 2…………….. 3……………..
4…………….. 5…………….. 6……………..
7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10……………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20pts)
Rewrite the following sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain unchanged. You MUST NOT change the given words in any way. 1. We only came to this restaurant because you insisted that we did so. → It was …………………………………………………………………………. 2. Melissa's father was very busy, but he still played with her. → Busy ………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Success in academic field depends on your ability to amass qualifications. → The more…………………………………………………………………… 4. It was pure chance that a policeman was passing as I was attacked. → Only…………………………………………………………………………… 5. I couldn’t make Julie give a definite answer. → I couldn’t pin …………………………………………………………………. 6. I hope his story will help us to understand what happened. (SHED) → Hopefully when he tells us his story, it will…………… 7. He was finally able to adjust himself to the new working condition. (SWING) → He finally got…………………………………………………………………. 8. Her role in the plot was of secondary importance. (SECOND FIDDLE) →………………………………………………………………………………… 9. The offer to go and work in Brazil was a complete surprise. (BLUE) → ………………………………………………………………………………… 10. This liver condition is common in those who drink a lot. (DRINKERS) →
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A. MULTIPLE - CHOICE QUESTIONS (4 0 PTS)
I. PHONOLOGY (5 PTS)
Sort out the word with the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. confusedly B. allegedly C. supposedly D. wickedly
2. A. sizzle B. wily C. quits D. pidgin
3. A. comet B. simile C. starlet D. sequence
4. A. sociable B. species C. specimen D. specialist
5. A. pneumonia B. Portugese C. suitable D. nephew
Pick out the one word with a different stress pattern from the others.
6. A. mollify B. dissipate C. tentative D. panacea
7. A. armchair B. innate C. accent D. datum
8. A. bigotry B. adherent C. asylum D. flamboyant
9. A. frivolous B. hibernate C. jeopardize D. procastinate
10. A. morale B. moustache C. contour D. disease
II. WORD CHOICE (5 PTS):
Read the sentences and choose the best answer.
11. That human rights are……………is unacceptable in a civilized society.
A. infringed B. impeached C. abrogated D. quashed
12. I’ve heard that argument before and quite frankly it just doesn't ……………!
A. face the music B. hold water C. carry weight D. hit the roof
13. That ancient car of his is…………… joke among his friends.
A. standing B. steady C. settled D. stable
14. He’s regarded as the…………… favourite to win the prize
A. warm B. fiery C. hot D. ardent
15. When the police examined the house, they found that the lock had been……………
A. touched B. broken C. hindered D. tampered
16. We need to …………… the trend towards centralized power.
A. repeal B. reverse C. overturn D. undo
17. Financial worries gradually……………his health and he was obliged to retire early.
A. disabled B. exhausted C. undermine D. invalidated
18. He looks very aggressive and threatening, and so his soft, gentle voice is rather……………
A. disembodied B. disconcerting C. dismissive D. discordant
19. After congratulating his team, the coach left, allowing the players to let their ……………for a while.
A. souls B. hearts C. heads D. hair
20. Grandma says there wasn’t a……………of truth in that story Grandpa told last night about being a war hero.
A. speck B. grain C. crumb D. dot
III. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS):
Read the sentences and choose the best answer. 21……………worry about our teenagers getting into trouble.
A. We adults B. We are adults C. Adults we D. Adults us 22. What happened ……………their car broke down on the motorway so they didn’t get to Jo’s wedding on time.
A. to be that B. being that C. was that D. to that 23. Public television stations are different from commercial stations……………
A. because they receive money differently and different types of shows B. for money and program types C. in the areas of funding and programming D. because the former receives money and has programs differently from the latter 24. I don’t think it would be wise to try to make Max change his mind about divorcing Barbara. Well, in his place I……………her at all. A. would never have married B. needn’t have married C. would never marry D. must never have married 25. Once known as the “Golden State” because of its gold mines,…… A. North Carolina today mines few metallic minerals B. few metallic minerals are mined in North Carolina today C. there are few metallic minerals mined in North Carolina today D. today in North Carolina few metallic minerals are mined 26. Unsalted butter is best for this recipe, but……… that, margarine will do. A. except B. failing C. for all of D. given 27. Smith had a lucky escape. He…………… killed. A. would have been B. must have been C. could have been D. should have been 28. It is imperative that your facebook password……… confidential. A. need keeping B. need to keep C. needs to be kept D. needed keeping 29. “Which is more important: luck or effort?” “Luck is…………… effort.” A. of the same importance B. the same importance as C. as the same importance as D. of the same importance as 30. This year will be difficult for this organization because…………… A. they have less money and volunteers than they had last year B. it has less money and fewer volunteers than it did last year C. the last year it did not have as few and little volunteers and money D. there are fewer and volunteers that in that last year there were
IV. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS:
Read the sentences and choose the best answer. 31. I have a predilection for clothes that jumps …… you. A. up on B. out at C. in for D. down under 32. The company had to cough…………… a lot of money to indemnify for the victims in the accident. A. up B. out C. into D. away 33. Picasso bequeathed most of his paintings……………France and Spain. A. for B. over C. to D. in 34. Don’t remind her about that. She has just stopped crying and you may risk, setting her……………with that remark. A. up B. against C. away D. off 35. I can only hold him …………… contempt after what he said in the speech. A. to B. in C. with D. for 36. She soon has complete contempt…………… misogynists. A. on B. for C. at D. with 37. I got the wrong number because my fingers slipped …………… the button as I was punching in the number. A. away B. on C. off D. under 38. Tom has set his heart on jacking………… his job and travels around the world. A. up B. off C. out D. in
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39. The figures give the lie…………the rumours that the company is on the rocks.
A. at B. with C. up D. to 40. John turned…………trumps, finally finding a job to sustain his life.
A. up B. to C. in D. at
V. GUIDED CLOZE (10 PTS): Read the passages and choose the best answer PASSAGE 1
Childhood is the time when there are (1)………….responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, (2)…………. he may do. It is improbable that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In (3)…………., life is always presenting new things to the child - things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. A child finds pleasure playing in the rain, or in the snow. His first visit to the seaside is a marvellous adventure. (4)…………. , a child has his pain. He is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks older people are: he is continually told not to do things, or being punished (5)………….what he has done wrong. His life is therefore not perfectly happy.
When a young man starts to (6)…………. his own living, he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents, but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. He can no longer expect (7)………….to pay for his food, his clothes and his room, but he has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most time playing about in a day he used to as a child, he will be hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of troubles and has good health, he can have the greatest happiness of seeing himself make steady (8)…………. in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society.
Old age has always been thought of as the worst age to be, but it is not necessary for the old to be unhappy. With old age (9)…………. wisdom and the ability to help others with advice wisely given. The old can have the joy of seeing their children making progress in life: they can watch their grandchildren growing up around them, and perhaps best of all, they can, if their life has been a useful one, feel the happiness of having come (10)…………. the battle of life safely and of having reached a time when they can lie back and rest, leaving others to continue the fight.
41. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 42. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. whosoever 43. A. short B. term C. reality D. addition 44. A. However B. But C. Therefore D. Moreover 45. A. because B. for C. at D. by 46. A. take B. have C. create D. earn 47. A. other B. another C. others D. someone 48. A. progress B. achievement C. improvements D. accomplishments 49. A. coming B. come C. came D. had come 50. A. out B. across C. through D. back
PASSAGE 2
United Parcel Service (UPS) believes that its employees should give the firm a fair day’s work for a fair’s day pay. The package delivery firm seems willing to give more than a fair's day pay. But in (1) , UPS expects maximum output from its employees.
Since 1920s, the firm’s industrial engineers have been studying every detail of every task (2)……….by most UPS employees. From their studies have come time and motion standards that (3)………. how those tasks are performed and how long they should take. Drivers, for example, are expected to walk to a customer’s door at a speed of exactly three feet per second. They are told to knock as soon as they get there, rather than (4)……….time looking for a doorbell.
Work engineers are (5)……….riding with drivers, timing everything from stops at traffic lights, to wait
at customers’ doorway, to stairway climbs, to coffee break. And they are not (6) ………. to pointing out the occasional inefficiency. Additionally, supervisors ride with the least good drivers, noting how they work and constantly (7)……….them until their work is up to standard.
The (8) ……….of all this work engineering is efficiency, and UPS has been called one of the most efficient companies anywhere. It's also a highly profitable company. Most drivers take the regimentation in stride: many show (9)……….in meeting the UPS standards each day. Others, however, feel that they are constantly being pushed, that it is impossible for them to (10)………. at work. UPS officials claim that the standards provide accountability. And, they say, employees who work according to UPS standards should feel less tired at the end of the day.
51. A. fact B. exchange C. return D. short 52 A. hold B. performed C. accepted D. under 53. A. indicate B. govern C. demonstrate D. tell 54. A. wasting B. spend C. spending D. waste 55. A. consistently B. continually C. constructively D. chronically 56. A. impolite B. brave C. intimate D. averse 57. A. scolding B. criticizing C. encouraging D. correcting 58. A. task B. reason C. object D. target 59. A. pride B. passion C. interest D. pleasure 60. A. rest B. relieve C. relax D. restrain
VI. READING COMPREHENSION (10 PTS ):
Read the passages and choose the best answer. PASSAGE 1
A major American bank is being sued by the US authorities for allegedly discriminating against its female employees. It has been alleged that women in the firm do not have as good promotion prospects as the men and that their salaries are not on a par with those of their male counterparts.
Sexism in the workplace is against the law in America and in many other countries. However, there are still obstacles in many firms which prevent women from achieving the promotion that their talents and qualifications deserve. Many women are promoted quite rapidly through the junior jobs in a firm, but face the glass ceiling, when they apply for any of the most senior posts. So it is that, although there are many women in middle management positions in many firms, there are very few in top management posts.
Many women blame this situation on the old-boy network. Others see it as evidence that many men are resistant to change and are still chauvinists at heart, while some may feel that failure to promote women to top jobs is a result of feeling of insecurity in the men who are making the appointments. Perhaps they are afraid of letting women become too powerful.
Not many years ago the power which women have today would have seemed an impossible dream to many women. Before the rise of the women’s movement there were no such things as equal rights or equal opportunities for women. For the most part, women were expected to get married and then be responsible for childcare and for carrying out all the household tasks. If they worked, it was probably in a part-time, often rather menial, job.
Feminists saw this as sexism and a waste of women’s talents, and set out to change things. Although some people, women as well as men, now do not have a high regard for feminism, women owe to feminists many of the improvements in their work situation. Without them, there would be no positive discrimination, no job-sharing and no parity with men in the workplace.
61. Which of the following statement is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Women can easily be appointed to high management positions nowadays.
B. In spite of their ability and qualifications, women are hard to be promoted.
C. Discrimination against women in the workplace is illegal in America.
D. There are very few women who hold top management posts in many firms.
62. The pronoun “them” in the penultimate line of the last paragraph refers to………...
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A. women B. men C. people D. feminists
63. What does “the glass ceiling” used in the second paragraph mean?
A. the bosses’ indifferent attitude towards women in the workplace.
B. the unstated thing that prevents women from getting a promotion.
C . the law that does not allow female workers to get promoted.
D. the top inside surface of a room that is transparent and invisible .
64. The phrase “on a par with” as used in the first paragraph can be best replaced by ………....
A. so low as B. better than C. compared with D. equal to
65. It can be inferred from the pas sage that………...
A. having power is still an impossible dream for many women nowadays.
B. women in the past could not do any jobs whether they were part-time or menial,
C. since the women's liberation movement, women have had equal opportunities.
D. women's current tasks include taking care of children and doing housework.
66. The word “parity” as used in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ………..?
A. relationship B. competition C. equality D. responsibility
67. What could be the best title of the passage?
A. Sex Equality B. Gender discrimination
C. Men and Women D. Jobs for Women
68. In which paragraph does the writer give an example of a business that commits sexism?
A. Paragraph 3 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 1 D. Paragraph 4
69. The word “this” in the last paragraph refers to the fact that women ………..
A. wasted their talent s and time doing unimportant jobs.
B. could not do full-time jobs , just household chores.
C. expected to get married and give birth to children.
D. fought for their equal rights and equal opportunities.
70. Which of the following is NO T mentioned as a reason for sexism at the workplace?
A. Male chauvinism B. Men’s feelings of insecurity
C. Women’s weakness D. The old-boy network
PASSAGE 2
Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller. Not geographically, of course, but in the sense that media, technology and the opening of borders has enabled the world's citizen s to view, share and gain access to a much wider range of cultures, societies and world views. In this melting pot that the world has become, today’s child is privy to facets of the human experience that his immediate predecessors had no inkling even existed. It stands to reason that in order, to absorb, con figure and finally form opinions about this information- laden planet, children must be supplied with certain tools. Included in this list of ‘tools’ are: education, social skills, cultural aw are ness and the acquisition of languages, the most important of these being the latter. Until recently, a child who had the ability to speak more than one language would have been considered a very rare entity. This one-language phenomenon could be attributed to a combination of factors. Firstly, the monolingual environment in which a child was raised played a strong role, as did the limited, biased education of the past. With regard to immigrants, the sad fact was that nonnative parents tended to withhold the teaching of the mother tongue so that the child would acquire the ‘more prestigious’ language of the adopted country.
Nowadays, the situation has undergone an almost complete reversal. In the majority of North American and European countries, most children are given the opportunity to learn a second or even a third language. Children acquire these foreign languages through various and diverse means. In many countries, learning a foreign language is a compulsory subject in the state school curriculum. Other children rely on language schools or private tuition to achieve their goal. In other instances, children are born to bilingual parents, who, if they so desire, may teach the children two languages.
Bringing up one's child bilingually is not a decision to be taken lightly. Both parents must consider
long and hard the implications involved in raising a child in a two-language home. This decision is one of those all-important choices which will affect not only the parents’ lives but also the life of the child. Raising a child bilingually has a two-fold effect. Firstly, of course, the child learns the two languages of the parents. Secondly, the parents’ decision will influence factors which will have a far-reaching effect on the child's life. Some of these factors include: style and place of education; diameter of social circle; employment potential and preference; and, most importantly, the way in which the child views himself and his global environment.
One of the more advantageous by-products of being a member of a bilingual family is the inherent awareness of two different cultures. This bicultural child inherits a wealth of knowledge brought about by an exposure to: historical backgrounds; traditional songs and folklore; rituals of marriage; models of social interaction; and therefore, two varying interpretations of the world. The monolingual child seems to be at a disadvantage in comparison to the bilingual child, who has a set of languages and an accompanying set of abstract cultural ideas. Practically speaking, when a child comes from a two-language family, he must be taught both languages in order to communicate with the extended family members. When, for example, the grandparents speak a language which differs from that of the child's locale, a monolingual child would be deprived of the interaction which occurs between grandparents and grandchildren. On the other hand, a bilingual child will not only be able to speak to grandparents, but will also comprehend where these people have ‘come from’. There will be a shared cultural empathy within the family. Because all family members can communicate, on both a verbal and cultural level, no one will feel excluded and the child will develop a sense of rootedness.
On a more abstract level, it has been said that a bilingual child thinks differently from a monolingual child. Current research in linguistics indicates that there may be a strong correlation between bilingualism and cognitive skills. This new research concerns itself with the fact that a bilingual child has two lexical structures for any given physical or abstract entity. This leads logically to the assumption that the child also has two associations for many words, as a word can mean different things in different languages. For example, the word ‘fire' in many western hemisphere languages connotes warmth and survival. For the bilingual child, then, vocabulary items and the abstract idea behind them are both dual in nature and more elastic. Researchers maintain that this elasticity of ideas may allow the child to think more flexibly and, therefore, more creatively.
71. In the author’s view, the world is becoming a…… A. more culturally diverse place B. place where only privileged children will prosper C. less complex place to live in D. much more integrated place
72. According to the first paragraph, which of the following was true of immigrants? A. Children were reluctant to use their mother tongue. B. The mother tongue was considered less important. C. Parents encouraged children to use their mother tongue. D. Most parents made it a priority for children to grow up bilingual. 73. The phrase “privy to" in paragraph 1 mostly means………….. A. acquainted with B. advised of C. apprised of D. in the know about 74. The phrase “ attributed to” mostly means…………... A. ascribed to B. associated with C. connected with D. held responsible for 75. According to the writer, second or foreign language learning is something………….. A. people are still apathetic towards B. mainly associated with private sector education C. that few people take seriously D. about which general attitudes have evolved considerably
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76. According to the article, the decision to raise bilingual children is difficult because…………...
A. it may limit the child’s choice of friends
B. though simple for parents, it can impact negatively on children
C. it may cause children to lose their sense of identity
D. it needs to be considered from many different angles
77. With regard to the ‘extended family’ in immigrant situations, the writer feels it is important that………
A. adults try to understand the child’s difficult cultural situation
B. children are not pressured to speak their parents’ native language
C. adults recognise the child’s need to identify more with local culture
D. children can relate to all aspects of their parents’ native culture
78. The word “by-products” in paragraph 4 mostly means…………..
A. entailments B. knock-on effects C. side effects D. spin-offs
79. The word “connotes” in paragraph 5 mostly means…………...
A. underpins B. implies C. signifies D. smacks of
80. According to current research, the benefit of learning two languages is that…………..
A. different types of knowledge can be accessed in different languages
B. bilinguals become more aware the origin of words in languages
C. it helps to develop different capabilities of the mind
D. bilinguals develop a greater sense of the value of culture
B. WRITTEN QUESTIONS (60 PTS)
I. OPEN CLOZE (20 PTS):
Read the passsages and fill each gaps with ONE word.
PASSAGE 1
MALNUTRITION GOALS IN AFRICA ‘VERY FAR AWAY’
A new report shows that no country in Africa will meet goals (81)…………..to end childhood malnutrition by the year 2030. That target was set by the United Nations in 2015 (82)………….. a Sustainable Development Goal. The UN adopted a set of goals, "to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development agenda". The new report is published in the journal Nature. It identifies poor child nutrition and (83)………….. levels of education across 51 African countries. These were (84) ………….. factors in countries battling to (85)………….. children with sufficient food. Researcher Simon Hay said the goal of ending childhood malnutrition was always an "aspirational" target. He said: "This aspiration is very, very far away."
There was some good news in the report. It highlighted the fact that many African nations, (86) …….. Ghana and Nigeria, have shown (87) …………..of improvement in childhood development since the year 2000. However, it is a different story for countries like Chad, Central African Republic and Eritrea. The report indicates that malnutrition remained "persistently high" in 14 countries between Senegal in the west and Somalia in the east. Many of these countries have (88)………….. war, famine and mass migration, all of (89)…………..have put massive strains (90)………….. health and agriculture. One researcher said considerable investment was needed in health and infrastructure in order to address "serious inequalities".
PASSAGE 2
THAILAND TO CLOSE FAMOUS BEACH TO PROTECT CORAL
Thailand will soon close one of its world famous beaches in an (91)………….. to reverse the damage done to its coral by mass (92) …………... The beach is in Maya Bay on the tiny island of Koh Phi Phi Leh. It garnered worldwide attention after it featured heavily in the Leonardo DiCaprio blockbuster movie The Beach. The film (93)…………..the Maya Bay beach on the bucket lists of millions of travellers worldwide. The result has been an influx of up to 5,000 sun worshippers a day to its emerald shores. They arrive (94)………….. hundreds of boats, which have caused irreversible damage to the bay's coral. Officials say that most of the coral in the bay has died. The beach will close between June and September to let the coral
(95) …………...
Experts predict that almost 80 per cent of Thailand's coral (96)…………..have been destroyed, and that once pristine beaches have been damaged by tourism. The deputy dean of the Faculty of Fisheries at Bangkok’s Kasetsart University is an outspoken critic of the level of tourism Thailand’s coastline (97)…… to endure. He said the biggest culprits were beachfront hotels, boat anchors (98) ………… into and breaking the coral, and plastic waste being (99)………….. in the sea. He believes the "ideal solution" is for Maya Bay to be closed permanently. He said: "While it's a very pretty bay, visiting it with a flotilla of boats and hordes of other tourists rather detract from the magic."
He welcomed the temporary (100)…………...
II. WORD FORMATION (20 PTS)
Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses
101. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher called the hanging an act of …………..which is deeply repugnant to all civilized people. (BARB ARIC)
102. Students mustn’t be …………..and illiterate when they leave school. (NUMBER) 103. Very soon, ‘Third World’ came to ………….. poverty. (NOTE)
104. Scientists are convinced that, because crocodiles have such a long ………….. , they must have a natural ability to combat infection. (LIFE)
105. University professors both teach and………….. research. (TAKE) 106. Treat them with this kind of spray to make them…………... (WATER)
107. Steroids often help reduce the ………….. and itching in the skin. (FLAME)
108. An NGO is helping to make ozone-friendly natural ………….. designed to replace R-22 in existing air conditioning systems. (FRIDGE)
109. In my opinion, this book is just …………..rubbish. (INTELLECT) 110. He was standing in the middle, in the…………..of the picture. (GROUND)
Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
search cohere perceive rhythm convince decide argue controversy electric estimate
FAST BRAIN WAVES
Over half a century ago, scientists found they could record the (111)………….signals of the brain at work. What at first appeared a random hotchpotch of activity became a pattern of elegant waves (112)…………. determined. Ever since, scientists have wondered whether the secrets of our thoughts, (113)…………. and even consciousness itself might be hidden in the patterns of our brain waves.
The question of why we have brain waves is, (114)…………. , as hotly debated today as it was when the patterns were discovered. But the meaning, and even the existence, of fast rhythms in the alert brain is highly (115)…………..
What is problematic is that you can’t perceive these rhythms directly, they are so well hidden in the noise created by other brain activity, but many (116)………….now hold the (117)………….that the significance of these brain waves should not be (118)………….
The latest suggestion is that the rhythms could be (119)…………. in detecting processes going on in different regions of the brain. Some believe that these rhythms might even interact, and in doing so help the brain to package information into (120)…………. thoughts. How we bring together these related signals in the brain is a puzzle as yet unresolved.
III. ERROR CO RRECTION (10 PTS):
Identify and correct 10 errors in the passage. Find and correct them. Underline the mistakes and write the answers in the blanks provided
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CALLS FOR EVERYONE IN ENGLAND TO SPEAK ENGLISH (19TH MARCH,
2018)
A top British official has said the UK government should set a targeted date for everybody in England to speak English. Dame Louise Casey is an expert on social welfare and community interaction. She said a "common language" would help to "heal rifts across Britain". Ms Casey has been a long-time criticism of successive governments, whom she deems have failed to focus on integration in an ever-increasing multicultural Britain. She said politicians had continually failed to keep up with the "unprecedented pace and scale of immigration" over the past decade. She said that many communities were becoming increasingly divided, and a lack of ability in English was a key factor to creating division.
The UK’s Communities Secretary, Sajid Javid, revealed that 770,000 people who live in England neither speak no English whatsoever or hardly any. He warned that up to 70 per cent of those whose English skills were lacking in were women, mostly from Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities. He said these women were at great risk from equality and discrimination. Ms Casey said: “Everybody of working age and of school age should be able to speak one language, and I think the public in particular would feel some relief." Opponent of Ms Casey’s views say England should be proud to be a multi-lingual country and not to force people to learn English if they have no desire to.
1…………….. 2…………….. 3……………..
4…………….. 5…………….. 6……………..
7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10……………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFO RMATION (20 PTS)
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.
131. The journalist pretended that she was a parent of one of the children. false
The Journalist ................................................................that she was a parent of one of the children.
132. You have to use logic and lateral thinking in equal measure in this job. strike You have to .......................................................................logic and lateral thinking in this job.
133. Being inexperienced was a disadvantage to her when she applied for promoton. counted Her...................................................................................... when she applied for promoton.
134. The man over there lost his tem per in the public meeting. handle That’s............................................................................ in the public meeting.
135. We honestly all found it almost impossible not to laugh when we saw Josh's new haircut. face Honestly, .......................................................almost impossible when we saw Josh’s new haircut.
136. The phone bill was so expensive that Dave was furious. arms Dave was ........... ..............................................................................an expensive phone bill.
137. ‘I’ve decided I really want to go on a cruise round the Med this summer,’ said Molly. heart Molly says ..........................................................................on a cruise round the Med this summer. 138. He told us that getting a later plane was our only option. but ‘You................................................................ ................a later plane,’ he said.
139. Inefficient treatment of customers creates a bad inpression of the company. reflects Treating customers with a lack .....................................................the company.
140. The organizers planned everything as carefully as they could possibly have done. utmost Everything was planned .......................... .................................... by the organizers.
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LƯƠ
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. WORD CHOICE (5ms)
Choose the word which best completes each of the following sentences
1. Many people have written to the newspaper to show their………….of such behavior.
A. antipathy B. abhorrence C. aversion D. animosity
2. The regular appearance of sex and violence on television undoubtedly has a …………. influence on teenagers.
A. pernicious B. parsimonious C. precipitous D. propitious
3. It is disquieting that there has been an increased…………. of cancer near the nuclear power station. A. occurrence B. accidence B. persistence D. incidence
4. “The Song of Ice and Fire” is the first volume of a series, which ………….six books in all.
A. assembles B. totals C. compiles D. amasses
5. From this year on, under-fives will get travel…………. , which certainly makes huge savings for family trips.
A. consolations B. concessions C. contortions D. constrictions 6. Unfortunately, his report does not………….with what we have learnt from other sources. A. ally B. pally C. tally D. rally 7. Her ………….display of tears at work did not impress her new boss, who felt she should try to control her emotions.
A. maudlin B. meritorious C. precarious D. plausible 8. The authority is going to great lengths to …………. war on dangerous driving. A. launch B. battle C. stage D. wage 9. China fueled fears that its…………. economy is about to slow further after Beijing cut its main interest rate by 0.25 percentage points.
A. diseased B. ailing C. sickening D. unwell 10. Robert is a well-behaved child, but his younger brother is a bit of a(n) …………. A. Eyeful B. skinful C. armful D. handful
II. GRAMM AR AND STRUCTURES (5ms)
Choose the word or phrase that best completes of the following sentences 1. Three candidates will be short-listed for the post but we do not know …………. A. whom B. those C. which D. what ones 2. In this instance, there is some disagreement………….Dubai is in breach of international law. A. as to whether B. whether C. as if D. as whether or not 3. After a while, the flat was silent again. The baby had cried himself………….His mother sighed with relief.
A. sleeping B. to sleeping C. into sleeping D. to sleep 4. Naturally, there is a great deal of anxiety about ongoing ..................in the area. A. jobs’losses B. job’s losses C. job losses D. jobs lost 5. - These are the screws you're looking for. - ................ ! You have really sharp eyesight ! A. So are they B. It’s so C. So they are D. So are there 6. Don’t worry, Albert.............., you can depend on me. I'll never let you down. A. Comes what comes B. Come what may C. Whatever it comes D. Comes what might 7………….the government’s pre-election promises, taxes have been raised yet again. A. Despite of B. For all C. But for D. Regardless 8. They had.................. that it was invisible from the road. A. so designed it B. designed it to be C. designed it such as D. designed it like
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NG VĂN CHÁNH - PHÚ YÊN
9. Most ideas never………….the top brass, being quietly shelved by middle managers.
A. rise to B. make it to C. do with D. reach up to 10.................., I haven’t seen Catherine all day.
A. Come to think of it B. To come to think of it C. Coming to think it D. Coming to think of it
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5ms)
Choose the word which best completes each of the following sentences.
1. Our teacher tends to.................. certain subjects which she finds difficult to talk about.
A. boil down B. string along C. skate over D. track down
2. I was so tired that I just. ...............in the armchair.
A. flaked out B. broke up C. dropped out D. fell over 3. He couldn’t have been very hungry. He just.................. ..at his food.
A. worked B. nibbled C. got D. marked down 4. Simon hasn’t got a job, and isn’t trying to get one: he just………….his friends.
A. meddles with B. drags on C. sponges on D. tarts up 5. At first, the managing director insisted that he was right and everyone else was mistaken, but in the end was forced to.................
A. ease off B. gulp down C. scrape through D. climb down 6. I need twenty pounds to............... me.............until the end of the month.
A. turn in B. tide over C. dig into D. dry up 7. You must try not to ............... your brother’s death.
A. roll on B. make out C. dwell on D. wipe out 8. The patient was very ill indeed. The doctors were working................. time.
A. against B. with C. on D. for 9. The boxer lost the fight because he hit his opponent............... the belt.
A. at B. by C. around D. below 10. I felt pleased I no longer had the responsibility. It was a weight...................my shoulders.
A. on B. with C. off D. from
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5ms)
Choose the word which best completes each of the following sentences.
1. The last candidate for the managerial position is a pretty unknown…………..
A. quality B. quantity C. quandary D. qualification
2. The couple tied the knot two months after they met - it was indubitably a …………. romance.
A. typhoon B. hurricane C. whirlwind D. cyclone
3. The introduction of new immigration laws is the ………….of the town these days.
A. gossip B. story C. talk D. tale
4. Although it was initially regarded as a …………., Leicester City finished 2014-2015 Premier League being the champion.
A. rank interloper B. rank outsider C. rank newcomer D. rank foreigner
5. I don't expect the entry test this year will be more demanding, but,………….
I don’t think it will be simpler either.
A. over and above B. on the side C. by the same token D. for good measure
6. I love hanging out with Mary - she is really a …………. of sunshine
A. beam B. ray C. glow D. light
7. The teacher, by dint of draconian disciplinary measures, has ………….terror among his students.
A. stimulated B. inspired C. engaged D. stirred
8. The new superconductors look set to …………. a useful niche for themselves in the world’s electrical industries.
A. etch B. incise C. carve D. lacerate
9. Many people, for all the repeated warnings, remain………….ignorant of the danger of using the mobile phones at night.
A. blissfully B. delightedly C. jubilantly D. ecstatically 10. The authority should not have made those cutting comments, no matter how you………….it. A. cut B. slice C. chop D. clip
V. READING COMPREHENSION. (10ms) READING
1
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
CLINICAL DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Clinical depression, or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is clinically defined as a period of sadness or melancholia severe enough to interrupt the patterns of one’s everyday life and lasting for a period of several weeks or longer. Although there has been an awareness of clinical depression for thousands of years, an understanding of its causes, and effective means of treatment, have only come in the last fifty years.
Clinical depression is an extremely widespread illness, with an estimated 16% of the population suffering from an episode of MDD at least once in their lifetime. Currently, clinical depression is the second leading cause of disability in the United States behind heart disease. Traditionally, females have reported higher rates of clinical depression than males, but this is thought to be due to the greater stigmas against expressing one’s feelings that are typical among males in most cultures rather than to any true difference in the occurrence of MDD among the two genders. Sufferers of clinical depression may exhibit an array of symptoms, some of the most common being increased apathy, disruptions in sleep and eating patterns, a withdrawal from pleasurable activities, and suicidal ideation.
While not completely understood, clinical depression is known to have both environmental and biological causes, and the most effective treatments involve a two-pronged approach of medication and emotional therapy. The mean age for the onset of clinical depression is in the mid to late twenties, and the pressure of transitioning to independent adult life is often as the primary trigger mechanism. While specific bouts of clinical depression may be attributable to a certain event or trauma in a people’s life, neurochemistry, which is largely genetic, seems to predispose some people to MDD. Clinical depression has been linked in numerous studies with imbalances in neurotransmitters, the chemicals that relay information between cells in the brain.
Medication to treat clinical depression first became available in the 1950s, and today there are two majors classes of widely prescribed antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Both classes of drugs operate by limiting the absorption (reuptake) of neurotransmitters, thereby increasing their levels in the brain, but SSRIs operate exclusively on serotonin, while SNRIs effect norepinephrine as well, making them slightly more effective. Both classes of drugs take several weeks to build up to effective levels in the bloodstream, and their effectiveness may be compromised by the use of alcohol or other medications. For this reason they are carefully controlled by psychiatrists. Used alone, these antidepressants have proven to be about as effective as counseling, with reductions of depressive symptoms averaging about 55% and full remission at about 22%, but when used in conjunction with counseling they often result in reduction and remission rates closer to 85% and 45% respectively. Furthermore, continued use of antidepressants after the conclusion of the counseling has been proven to greatly decrease the risk of relapse.
As effective as antidepressants have proven in treating clinical depression, they are not without drawbacks and criticisms. Typically, the first few weeks of treatment are when a depressive patient is at the greatest risk of suicide. There is some evidence that during this period, antidepressants may actually contribute to this risk because they reduce mental lethargy, and a more active mind may lead to increased suicidal ideation. Thus, it is critical that a patient be closely watched during the first few weeks of an antidepressant regimen. A further criticism of antidepressants is that they may have unpleasant sexual side-
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effects which may make them unpalatable to patients, given the long duration of their intended use. A final criticism concerns their role in the ever growing field of psychopharmacology. Antidepressants are by far the most commonly prescribed of psychiatric drugs, and some mental health professionals worry that their profusion is leading to an over-reliance on chemical solutions to emotional issues.
1. The passage discusses all of the following aspects of clinical depression EXCEPT…………
A. its characteristic symptoms
B. its official medical definition
C. methods of counseling used to treat it D. available medications for treatment
2. The word “stigmas” in the passage is closest in the meaning to…………
A. cultures B. taboos C. preventions D. inabilities
3. According to paragraph 2, the actual rates of clinical depression are most likely …………
A. much higher than they were in the past
B. quickly catching up with those of heart disease
C. about the same between men and women
D. impossible to accurately calculate
4. According to paragraph 3, the pressures of becoming an independent adult often………….
A. are the root causes of clinical depression
B. are irrelevant to clinical depression
C. precede the onset of clinical depression
D. only serve to increase the symptoms of depression
5. The word “bouts” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………..
A. symptoms B. episodes C. types D. diagnoses
6. Based on the information in paragraph 3, it can be inferred that clinical depression is…………
A. largely an untreatable condition
B. often a hereditary condition C. entirely chemical in nature
D. often accompanied by other mental problems
7. The word “compromised” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………
A. negotiated B. questioned C. altered D. endangered
8. In paragraph 4, why does the author discuss rates of reduction and remission in clinical depression?
A. To better demonstrate the efficacy of antidepressants when used with counseling.
B. To suggest that medication is secondary in importance to counseling in treating depression.
C. To discuss the chances for full recovery for people who suffer from clinical depression.
D. To illustrate the vast superiority of SNRIs to SSRIs in the treatment of clinical depression.
9. According to paragraph 5, antidepressants may lead to an increased risk of suicide in the first weeks of treatment because...............
A. that is the time when their side-effects are strongest.
B. they may stimulate an overproduction of serotonin.
C. they increase mental activity, leading to more thoughts of suicide.
D. they draw attention away from much needed counseling.
10. Why do some mental health workers oppose the overuse of antidepressants ?
A. They fear that their side effects are too poorly understood.
B. They feel the benefits of antidepressants are overstated.
C. They know that antidepressants do not prevent the risk of relapse.
D. they fear that the reliance on antidepressants draws away from counseling.
READING 2
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
No longer is asthma considered a condition with isolated, acute episodes of bronchospasm. Rather, asthma is now understood to be a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways-that is, inflammation makes the airways chronically sensitive. When these hyper-responsive airways are irritated, airflow is limited, and attacks of coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and breathing difficulty occur.
Asthma involves complex interactions among inflammatory cells, mediators, and the cells and tissues in the airways. The interactions result in airflow limitation from acute broncho-constriction, swelling of the airway wall, increased mucus secretion, and airway remodeling. The inflammation also causes an increase in airway responsiveness. During an asthma attack, the patient attempts to compensate by breathing at a higher lung volume in order to keep the air flowing through the constricted airways, and the greater the airway limitation, the higher the lung volume must be to keep airways open. The morphologic changes that occur in asthma include bronchial infiltration by inflammatory cells. Key effector cells in the inflammatory response are the mast cells, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Mast cells and eosinophils are also significant participants in allergic responses, hence the similarities between allergic reactions and asthma attacks. Other changes include mucus plugging of the airways, interstitial edema, and microvascular leakage. Destruction of bronchial epithelium and thickening of the subbasement membrane is also characteristic. In addition, there may be hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle, increase in goblet cell number, and enlargement of submucous glands.
Although causes of the initial tendency toward inflammation in the airways of patients with asthma are not yet certain, to date the strongest identified risk factor is atopy. This inherited familial tendency to have allergic reactions includes increased sensitivity to allergens that are risk factors for developing asthma. Some of these allergens include domestic dust mites, animals with fur, cockroaches, pollens, and molds Additionally, asthma may be triggered by viral respiratory infections, especially in children. By avoiding these allergens and triggers, a person with asthma lowers his or her risk of irritating sensitive airways. A few avoidance techniques include: keeping the home clean and well ventilated, using an air conditioner in the summer months when pollen and mold counts are high, and getting an annual influenza vaccination. Of course, asthma sufferers should avoid tobacco smoke altogether. Cigar, cigarette, or pipe smoke is a trigger whether the patient smokes or inhales the smoke from others. Smoke increases the risk of allergic sensitization in children, increases the severity of symptoms, and may be fatal in children who already have asthma. Many of the risk factors for developing asthma may also provoke asthma attacks, and people with asthma may have one or more triggers, which vary from individual to individual. The risk can be further reduced by taking medications that decrease airway inflammation. Most exacerbations can be prevented by the combination of avoiding triggers and taking anti-inflammatory medications. An exception is physical activity, which is a common trigger of exacerbations in asthma patients. However, asthma patients should not necessarily avoid all physical exertion, because some types of activity have been proven to reduce symptoms. Rather, they should work in conjunction with a doctor to design a proper training regimen, which includes the use of medication.
In order to diagnose asthma, a healthcare professional must appreciate the underlying disorder that leads to asthma symptoms and understand how to recognize the condition through information gathered from the patient’s history, physical examination, measurements of lung function, and allergic status. Because asthma symptoms vary throughout the day, the respiratory system may appear normal during physical examination. Clinical signs are more likely to be present when a patient is experiencing symptoms; however, the absence of symptoms upon examination does not exclude the diagnosis of asthma.
1. According to the passage, what is the name for the familial inclination to have hypersensitivity to certain allergens?
A. interstitial edema B. hyperplasia C . hypertrophy D. atopy
2. Why does a person suffering from an asthma attack attempt to inhale more air?
A. to prevent the loss of consciousness
B. to keep air flowing through shrunken air passageways
C. to prevent hyperplasia
D. to compensate for weakened mast cells, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils
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3. The word triggered is closest in meaning to
A. Caused B. taken place C. eliminated D. cured
4. The passage suggests that in the past, asthma was regarded as which of the following?
A. a result of the overuse of tobacco products
B. a hysterical condition
C. mysterious, unrelated attacks affecting the lungs D. a chronic condition
5. Which of the following would be the best replacement for the underlined word exacerbations in this passage?
A. allergies B. attacks C. triggers D. allergens
6. The passage mentions all of the following bodily changes during an asthma attack except
A. severe cramping in the chest. B. heavy breathing, C. airways blocked by fluids. D. constricted airways.
7. Although it is surprising, which of the following triggers is mentioned in the passage as possibly reducing the symptoms of asthma in some patients?
A. using a fan instead of an air conditioner in summer months
B. exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke
C. the love of a family pet
D. performing physical exercise
8. Why might a patient with asthma have an apparently normal respiratory system during an examination by a doctor?
A. Asthma symptoms come and go throughout the day.
B. Severe asthma occurs only after strenuous physical exertion, C. Doctor’s offices are smoke free and very clean.
D. The pollen and mold count may be low that day.
9. Who might be the most logical audience for this passage?
A. researchers studying the respiratory system
B. healthcare professionals
C. a mother whose child has been diagnosed with asthma
D. an antismoking activist
10. What is the reason given in this article for why passive smoke should be avoided by children?
A. A smoke-filled room is a breeding ground for viral respiratory infections.
B. Smoke can stunt an asthmatic child’s growth.
C. Smoke can heighten the intensity of asthma symptoms.
D. Breathing smoke can lead to a fatal asthma attack.
VI. CLOZE TEST (10ms)
CLOZE TEST 1
Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D). best fits each gap.
THE
YOUNG VIOLINIST
Chloe Hansip is (1)…………. for a busy week; today she (2)………….her first album, then she flies off to play the violin in Vienna - and on Friday she celebrates her 14th birthday. The child prodigy has been playing since she was two. And in five years since, she has been (3)…………. with praise by some of the greatest (4)…………. in classical music.
Chloe has played to enraptured audiences in places as (5)………….afield as Kyoto in Japan and St Petersburg in Russia, (6)………….numerous awards and even appeared in a film. These may be (7)…… distinctions, especially for a 13-year-old, but Cloe is decidedly down-to-earth (8)…………..
Like any other teenager, she assiduously keeps in (9)………….contact with her best friends through text messages, and she admits to have a soft (10)………….for one or two of the pop groups the typical British teenager is keen on.
1. A. fixed B. assured c. promised D. set 2. A. unveils B. launches C. inaugurates D. publishes 3. A. showered B. sprinkled C. sprayed D. scattered 4. A. numbers B. figures C. digits D. variables 5. A. long B. distant C. far D. way 6. A. carried out B. carried on C. carried off D. carried over 7. A. irregular B. rare C. sparse D. scarce 8. A. in all modesty B. all the same C. in all fairness D. at all times 9. A. close B. narrow C. intimate D. cordial 10. A. taste B. affection C. room D. spot
CLOZE TEST 2
Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D. best fits each gap. Cairo, despite its contrasts, is similar to any other huge (1)...............jungle with its high-rise tower blocks and evidence of urban development. It is a melting (2) ............ of people from all over Africa and, in parts, resembles a huge marketplace with little space to move, as street vendors and customers (3).... over the price of goods. Cairo, however, is by no means a cheap city to visit, and accommodation, while not costing the (4)........... , can be expensive. This is especially true if you want to stay in one of the hotels along the banks of the River Nile where there are long (5)..............of unspoilt beauty. (6) ............in Cairo is (7)............... easy and cheap, as admission to most cities is well (8)............... the average tourist’s (9).......... All visitors to Cairo take pleasure in experiencing the city and its sounds, and this is best done on foot. (10)...........cars, as this city of almost 16 million suffers from chronic traffic congestion and the inevitable smog which motor vehicles help to produce. For a trip to the Pyramids, it is better to catch a bus, provided you can put up with the crowded and noisy conditions, as taxis can be expensive.
1. A . concrete B. brick C. stone D. wooden 2. A. box B. can C. pot D. pan
3. A. bend B. rake C. flick D. haggle 4. A. earth B. world C. globe D. money 5. A. layers B. areas C. stretches D. line 6. A. Viewing B. Sightseeing C. Journeying D. Sighting 7. A. loosely B. significantly C. relatively D. tolerably 8. A. away B. within C. off D. up 9. A. economics B. cost C. charge D. budget 10. A. Utilize B. Avoid C. Abandon D. Forget
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20ms)
OPEN CLOZE TEST 1
Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only ONE word in each space. Unicorns, dragons and centaurs feature (1)…………in the world of Harry Potter, and while JK Rowling wasn’t the founding (2)…………of these magical beasts herself, she certainly gave age-old myths a new (3)………… of life. She re-imagines the phoenix, a bird from Greek (4)…………, in her second Potter book. The Chamber of Secrets. It's a swan-sized scarlet bird with a gold beak and talons, who endearingly looks a bit like a half-plucked Christmas turkey when it gets near its ‘Burning Day’ - the day the bird extinguishes and is reborn as a new, baby phoenix from its ashes. What JK Rowling (5)…………invent is the idea that phoenix feathers can feature as constituent (6)………… of a wizard’s wand, such as those of Harry and Lord Voldemort. A phoenix’s tears can also heal wounds, as Fawkes, Professor Dumbledore’s bird, does to Harry after he falls (7)………… to the Basilisk in the second book. (8)…………difficult to domesticate, they can nevertheless become a loyal pet for life; when Professor Dumbledore is (9)…………to the sword later in the series, Fawkes sings the
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‘Phoenix Lament’ - a mournful song so heartbreaking that it feels like it comes from inside the listener. There also exists a book manuscript from the 13th Century showing a phoenix rising from its ashes, proving that JK Rowling’s predecessors were possessed of (10)………… vivid imaginations.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2
Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only ONE word in each space If you were to hazard a (1).................. at when and where the next major earthquake will strike , there's a chance that you’d be almost as (2 )............... as the experts. The science of earthquake prediction is still in its (3 )............ which is uncomfortable, considering the threat (4)............... to human civilization . Even with vast resources at their (5)............... . often the best scientists can do is say that the (6)............... are that an earthquake will strike where one (7).................before . One reason the (8) ............... of making an accurate prediction are so low is the nature of the forces involved. It seems to be impossible to tell the difference between a small earthquake and a warning (9)…........... Scientists need to decide whether to put lives at risk by not issuing a warning, or constantly issue warnings about the threat of an earthquake that may be (10) ................ In the end, the odds seem to be against us solving this difficult problem any time soon.
II. WORD FORMS. (20ms)
WORD FORMS 1
Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals.
1. The…………(PERVADE) reservation and donation system too adds to the youths' inquietude.
2. Cattelan himself, tall and…………(SATURN) in slim jeans and a salmon-colored shirt, was on hand for last-minute activities on the day before the press opening.
3. Sadly, Vietnamese U-23 team’s tireless efforts to win the AFC Championship were………… (AVAIL).
4. The splendid onomatopoeia of "hoary roaring sea" reminds us how well………… (SOUND) and alliteration work throughout the poem.
5. This recipe is ………… (FOOL) - it works every time.
6. I must admit that it is time the organizers did away with the…………(ANNUAL) computer system and bought a new one.
7. The philanthropist does not do anything………… (HEART), and that means a lot to her to help others.
8. ………… (GET) candidates who actively contribute to the development of the company stand a better chance of being recruited.
9. The leader’s second ………… (TURN) on the matter of the keynote presenter met with strong disapproval from other group members.
10. Avid descriptions of sophisticated technologies gave the science-fiction novel "The War of the Worlds" a sense of………… (SIMILAR).
WORD FORMS 2
Choose and write the correct form of the words in the box to finish the following passage.
astronomy polar center sphere essence analog align guard distance heaven
Not only was William Gilbert in the (1)………….. of the 17th-century science movements but he also questioned the traditional (2)………….. beliefs. Despite being a Copernican, he didn’t express in his (3)………….. beliefs whether Copernicus’s (4)………….. model was true or not. However, he believed that stars are not (5)………….. from the earth but have their own earth-like planets orbiting around them. The earth itself is like a giant magnet, which is also why compasses always point north. They spin on an axis that is in (6)………….. with the earth’s polarity. He even likened the (7)………….. of the magnet to that of the earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this (8)…………... In his explanation, magnetism is the soul of the earth. Thus a perfectly (9)………….. lodestone, when aligned with the earth’s
poles, would wobble all by itself in 24 hours. Further, he also believed that the sun and other stars wobble just like the earth does around a crystal core, and speculated that the moon might also be a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic attraction to the earth. This was perhaps the first proposal that a force might cause a (10)………….. orbit.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATIO N (10ms)
The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify and correct them
Hardly a day goes by without a fresh demonstration of the ignorance of America’s first video generation. Illiteracy is growing, and a new poll shows what a quarter of university students have no idea when Columbus reached America, leading pessimistic academics to prophesy a new barbarism.
Some institutions, at least, have from now been presumed to be above decay. It was imagined, for example, that they were still reading books in the English faculty at Harvard. But that illusion, too, has been shattered by Professor Sven Birkerts, aging 38, who teaches Creative Writing to undergraduates there. “Mostly none of my students reads independently,” he says in a powerful lament that has just been published by Harvard Magazine. Every year, he says, he conducts the survey among his students, and the responses are heartbroken.
The Harvard undergraduates, who have enrolled to study the arts of expository writing under Professor Birkerts are, to put it not higher, reluctant readers.
“The printed page taxes and wearies them. They find few pleasure there. What hope does a teacher have for getting them to write? initially, I confess, I always despair. I read through their first papers, so neatly word-processed ... but my heart sinks”, he writes, adding: The writing is almost always flatting, monotonous prose.
1…………….. 2…………….. 3…………….. 4…………….. 5…………….. 6…………….. 7…………….. 2…………….. 9…………….. 10……………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION. (20 ms)
Rewrite the following sentences with the given words in such a way that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first one. Do not change the form of the words in brackets
1. She seems to find the way Tom behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment. Far from .......................................... 2. They declared war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights. The excuse ............................................................................................................ 3. She passed the word around that she was looking for a flat. She let.................................... ....... 4. They will try Abrams for murder at the High Court next week. Abrams will stand.................................. 5. You may be disqualified if you do n't obey the regulations. Failure............................................ 6. It is extremely important that the company rules are observed. UTMOST Observation........................................ 7. Although it was not his fault, the personnel manager resigned from his position. HANDED Through ........................................... 8. Frankly speaking, I do not think that nature and nurture are of equal significance. SUBSCRIBE To put............................................................. ..................................................... 9. The business is hardly making a profit at the moment. The business.................................................................. .................................... 10. I don’t really know why, but I don’t trust him. FINGER I can’t ..................................................................................... I don’t trust him. 11. I felt vaguely that something was wrong, but what was it? BACK I ...............................................................................................but what was it?
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A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. PHONOLOGY (10 pts)
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. picturesquely B. antiqueness C. querulously D. discotheque
2. A. phlebitis B. wily C. poliomyelitis D. philately
3. A. macabre B. chiromancy C. chemical D. chivalrous
4. A. paranoia B. papist C. saffron D. travail
5. A. absinthe B. soothe C. loathe D. wreathe
Choose the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the others:
6. A. euphemism B. phenotype C. veracity D. cantaloupe
7. A. matriarchy B. epileptic C. rutherfordium D. diplomatic
8. A. disinter B. cadaver C. cathedral D. attorney
9. A. acupuncturist B. vociferously C. antithesis D. extraordinary
10. A. entrepreneur B. anonymity C. representation D. encyclopedia
II. VOCABULARY (10 pts):
Choose the correct word or phrase A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. His strange behaviour aroused the…………of police.
A. doubt B. suspicion C. disbelief D. notice
2. When his parents are away, his oldest brother………
A. knocks it off B. calls the shots
C. draws the line D. is in the same boat
3. After the concert, everyone had to …………home through the thick snow.
A. trudge B. tread C. trace D. trickle
4. Alaska boasts several climates due to its ………… mountains, warm ocean currents, and frozen seas.
A. adept B. pious C. ghastly D. lofty
5. When I finish writing this composition, I'm going to ………… and go to bed.
A. make time B. hit the hay C. hit the big time D. call it a day
6. Certain kinds of plants can grow only in…………soil.
A. loose B. slack C. sparse D. scarce
7. John’s got very………… feelings about taking on more responsibility at the moment.
A. puzzled B. mixed C. jumbled D. muddled
8. Paul's been in A lice’s bad …………ever since he offended her at the party.
A. eyes B. books C. likes D. treats
9. The car was …………speed.
A. gathering B. collecting C. consuming D. firing 10. They’re having serious problems. Their relationship is on the………… A. cliffs B. rocks C. stones D. grass
III. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (10 pts)
1………….earning all that money if you don’t have time to enjoy it?
A. is it to the good B. What’s the good of C. Is it all to the good D. Is it for good
2. She………….fainted when she heard that her child died.
A. rather than B. nothing but C. all but D. near 3. …………. to interfere in your affairs but I would like to give you just one piece of advice.
A. It is far from clear B. Far from it for me
C. Far and wide for me D. Far be it from me 4. ………….we just have to wait. A. At this point in time B. On the point of time C . At some point D. That’s not the point 5. He gripped his brother’s arm lest he………….by the mob. A. would be trampled B. could be trampled C. were trampled D. be trampled 6. I don’t know………….. the new manager. A. what to do of B. what to make of C. how to do of D. how to make of 7. Don’t tell me I……………till 5 o’clock in the afternoon. A. was to make them to stay B. must have made them stay C. could have made them stay D. was to have made them stay 8. What I fear most of all is that we……………in what refers to the building of a new market in West Crane. The local people seem to be very wary about it. A. might misinterpret B. might have misinterpreted C. won’t be misinterpreting D. might be misinterpreted 9. Sam looked as if he……………in the world. A. weren’t cared B. weren’t taken into care C. didn’t have a care D. weren’t in the care 10. What’s all this crying …………… ? A. without the aid of B. in aid of C. with the aid of D. within the aid of
IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10 pts)
1. He is not a very outspoken person, so we may find it hard to …………. his opinions. A. leak out B. come off C. sound out D. bring round 2. Are you still …………. an illusion-that Mr. Spike will agree to your conditions? A. in B. under C. on D. of 3. We all tried to convince our teacher to change his mind about the school trip and he finally………….. A. caught on B. set out C. got through D. came round 4. Our grandfather can…………. his war experiences all the day. Sometimes, we all get truly bored with it A. harp on B. vouch for C. figure out D. leaf through 5. Father says he’s too …………. after working the nightshift and he won’t help us prepare the barbecue. A. run away B. worn out C. taken in D. pulled down 6. They said I'd be …………. probation for the first two or three weeks as they want to find out about my skill.
A. for B. on C. in D. at 7. Your report …………. the side effects of the venture. Why not write more about its good points, Mr. Hewitt?
A. backs down B. takes to C. dwells on D. makes out 8. I know Pete’s conduct was intolerable, but don’t be too hard…………. him.
A. on B. with C. at D. to 9. It is said that the corruption can hardly be…………. especially among top officials.
A. worn off B. rooted out C. gone back D. stringed along 10. Mrs. Black has promised to be …………. service on Monday. I hope she keeps her word or else I won't manage to prepare everything in time.
A. in B. on C. of D. within
V. READING COMPREHENSION
283 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LÝ TỰ TRỌNG - CẦN THƠ
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and
to
the
or
PASSAGE 1: Read the following passage
choose the best option
complete
blank
answer the question. (10 pts)
Every day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force - both online and on foot - searching frantically for the perfect gift. Last year, Americans spent over $30 billion at retail stores in the month of December alone. Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, and baby showers. This frequent experience of gift-giving can engender ambivalent feelings in gift-givers. Many relish the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with one’s closest peers. At the same time, many dread the thought of buying gifts; they worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients.
Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favourable view. According to Waldfogel (1993), gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as “ the deadweight loss of Christmas”). To wit, givers are likely to spend $100 to purchase a gift that receivers would spend only $80 to buy themselves. This “ deadweight loss” suggests that gift-givers are not very good at predicting what gifts others will appreciate. That in itself is not surprising to social psychologists. Research has found that people often struggle to take account of others' perspectives - their insights are subject to egocentrism, social projection, and multiple attribution errors. What is surprising is that gift-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift.
In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problemi.e., that gift-givers equate how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift (the more expensive the gift, the stronger a gift-recipient's feelings of appreciation). Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciation might seem intuitive to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less inclined to base their feelings of appreciation on the magnitude of a gift than givers assume.
Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that bigger (that is, more expensive) gifts convey stronger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer (1988) and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual, whereby gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes toward the intended recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a future relationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal” to their intended recipient. As for gift- recipients, they may not construe smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.
1. What is the main idea discussed in the passage?
A. Gift-giving, despite its uneconomical downsides, cultivates a positive social process.
B. Gift- recipients are widely acknowledged as consider ably experienced in gift-giving.
C. Gifts can serve as implicit signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.
D. Gift-giving may have certain drawbacks alongside its positive qualities.
2. The author most likely uses the examples of gift-giving occasions in paragraph 1 to highlight the……..
A. regularity with which people shop for gifts
B. recent increase in the amount of money spent on gifts
C. anxiety gift shopping causes for consumers
D. number of special occasions involving gift-giving
3. In paragraph 1, the word “ambivalent” most nearly means…………..
A. unrealistic B. apprehensive C. conflicted D. supportive
4. The author indicates that people value gift-giving because they feel it…………..
A. functions as a form of self-expression
B. is an inexpensive way to show appreciation
C. requires the gift-recipient to reciprocate
D. can serve to strenghten a relationship
5. The “social psychologists” mentioned in paragraph 2 would likely describe the “deadweight loss” phenomenon as…………...
A. predictable B. unprecedented C. disturbing D. questionable
6. In paragraph 3, the authors indicate that the assumption made by gift-givers may be………….. A. insincere B. unreasonable C. incorrect D. substantiated
7. The word “convey” in paragraph 4 most nearly means…………...
A. transport B. counteract C. exchange D. communicate
8. In paragraph 4, the author refers to works by Camerer and others in order to…………...
A. offer an explanation B. introduce an argument C. question a motive D. support a conclusion
9. In paragraph 4, the word “construe” most probably means…………..
A. view B. understand C. consider D. take 10. Which of the following best characterizes the tone of the author? A. authoritative B. pessimistic C. ironic D. informative
PASSAGE 2: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question.(10 pts)
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The problems faced by leaders
B. How leadership differs in small and large groups
C. How social groups determine who will lead them
D. The role of leaders in social group
2. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT
A. recruitment B. formal election process
C. specific leadership training D. traditional cultural patterns
3. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that………
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A. few people qualify as “natural leaders”
B. there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
C. “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a social group
D. “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
4. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
5. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on…………..
A. ensuring harmonious relationships
B. sharing responsibility with group members C. identifying new leaders D. achieving a goal
6. The word “collective” is closest in meaning to…………..
A. necessary B. typical C. group D. particular
7. The word “them” refers to…………. .
A. expressive leaders B. goals of the group
C. group members D. tension and conflict
8. A “secondary relationship” between a leader and the members of a group could best be characterized as…………
A. distant B. enthusiastic C. unreliable D. personal
9. The word “resolve ” is closest in meaning to…………
A. avoid repeating B. talk about C. avoid thinking about D. find a solution for
10. Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in terms of…………
A. examples that illustrate a problem B. cause and effect analysis C. narration of events D. comparison and contrast
VI. GUIDED CLOZE
PASSAGE 1: Read the following passage and choose the options that best complete the blank. (10 pts)
THE VACUUM CLEANER
Until about 250 years ago, households did not take dirt as seriously as they do now - it was a fact of life, and that was that. Cleaning often consisted of an annual (1)…………. called 'spring cleaning' when the furniture was moved aside, and all the linen products in the house were cleaned. Carpets and rugs were taken outside, hung on ropes and had the dust (2)…… .out of them - an exhausting and messy process. The industrial revolution brought about a major change - as new products became available to make homes cleaner, a corresponding interest in 'domestic hygiene' appeared in households. This in turn led to the (3)………….of further products, one of which was the vacuum cleaner.
(4)…………. has it that when one of the first vacuum cleaners was demonstrated, a kindly scientist took the proud inventor (5)…………. , and offered a bit of advice that was to become crucial to the future evolution of the product - 'make it suck, not blow'.
The first vacuum cleaners appeared in the 1860s in the United States. They were operated by hand pumps and were almost as (6)…………. as spring cleaning. It was only when electric motors had become sufficiently (7)…………. to become portable that vacuum cleaners became common household items. Most of today’s major (8)…………. - including Electrolux and Hoover - were born in the 1920s.
The household dirt that vacuum cleaners suck up is mostly dead skin cells - humans (9)…………. millions of cells every day. A much smaller proportion comes from dust and soil carried into the house from (10)…………..
1. A. ritual B. result C. resolution D. scrub 2. A. cleaned B. taken C. beaten D. sucked 3. A. fabrication B. appearing C. recreation D. development 4. A. Story B. Epics C. Legend D. Tale 5. A. away B. aside C. aback D. along 6. A. laborious B. hard C. nefarious D. straining 7. A. scientific B. forward C. technological D. advanced 8. A. brand B. marks C. makes D. trademarks 9. A. lose B. outgrow C. omit D. shed 10. A. external B. outside C. beyond D. indoors
VI. GUIDED CLOZE
PASSAGE 2: Read the following passage and choose the options that best complete the blank. (10 pts)
CARNIVOROUS PLANTS
All plants rely on nutrients taken from the soil in order to survive. However, in areas where the soil does not contain enough vital nutrients, some plants have adapted to (1)…………. their diets from another source: living organisms. Though they are few in number, carnivorous plants are nonetheless fascinating beings that eat anything from one-celled organisms to insects in order to survive. They are commonly found in marshlands. Carnivorous plants feature one of several types of traps to ensnare prey, which they consume to (2)…………. nutrients that may be missing from the soil. While there are over 400 species of carnivorous plants in the world today, some are more (3)………….than others.
The most well-known of these plants are the snap traps, which include the Venus flytrap. Snap traps are easily identified by their leaves, which are separated into two lobes that have the ability to fold together. Inside the lobes, the surface is covered with tiny hairs that are (4)…………. to movement. When the plant’s prey brushes against the hairs, it triggers a closing mechanism that rapidly brings the two lobes together, trapping the prey (5)…………. inside. The response of the traps is phenomenal (6)………… speed: the time between triggering the hairs and snapping shut is less than a second. As the prey struggles inside the trap, it only triggers more hairs, causing the leaves to tighten their (7)…………..
The plant then secrets liquid chemicals from special glands into the trap to dissolve the prey and absorb all of its nutrients. Besides the Venus flytrap, only one other type of snap trap exists today, (8)……… .to as the waterwheel plant. The two share a common ancestor and differ only in a few ways. (9)…………., the waterwheel is an aquatic plant, while the flytrap is exclusively terrestrial. In addition, the flytrap feeds primarily on arthropods like spiders, while the waterwheel lives (10)………….simple invertebrates, like certain types of plankton.
1. A. feed B. enlarge C. supplement D. modify 2. A. break in on B. make up for C. get through with D. drop out of 3. A. dominant B. prevalent C. recessive D. popular 4. A. prone B. liable C. vulnerable D. sensitive 5. A. closely B. furiously C. steadily D. securely 6. A. in accordance with B. in regard to C. in preference to D. on merits of 7. A. grip B. snail C. fist D. seizure 8. A. implicated B. indicated C. referred D. denoted 9. A. For instance B. As a result C. In contrast D. Otherwise 10. A. onto B. with C. for D. off
B. WRITTEN TEST
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PA SSAGE 1: Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word.(10 pts)
ALTERNATIVE FAST FOOD
It is generally agreed upon that fast food is a great solution to the problem of what to eat. However, it’s (1)………….as less nutritional than a healthy meal, which is what growing children need. For years, nutritionists have been trying to get children into the (2)………….of eating healthy food. Without a doubt, this has not been easy, getting in (3)………….that they have to compete with numerous fast food restaurants which are very popular with young people.
Nutritionists have lately come up with an idea which could (4)………….to be successful. This involve (5)…………. children how to cook and in the process to enjoy the taste of fresh food. In the long (6)……, this may keep them off fast food. There are already a number of school projects throughout Britain that are experimenting with the idea. They begin making vegetarian pizza - both the dough and the topping. Many children were impressed with their own homemade pizzas. (7)………….they compared their pizzas with ready-made ones, the differences were noticeable. They found the (8)…………. greasy and not as delicious as the homemade ones. Throughout the lesson, the children learn about the quality and become skillful in the different techniques involved in cooking. They become interested in cooking and in no (9)………….they even learn how to look after themselves by eating nutritious food.
Finally, nutritionists would like to get children cooking at home, too. It may be messy, but, it’s also an (10)………….for parents to spend quality time with their children.
PASSAGE 2: Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word. (10 pts)
Every spring and fall, you can probably look up into the sky and see large flocks of birds either coming or going. This (1)………….of flying south for the winter and north for the summer is called migration. Birds migrate for a number of reasons. One reason is of course to escape the (2)………….conditions of winter. Although they have feathers, most birds are poorly (3)…………. to deal with extremely cold temperatures. Their (4)………….are open to the wind and snow, and do little to keep the birds warm. Furthermore, birds often find it extremely difficult to gather enough food during the winter. By flying south (5)………….warmer climates during winter, birds avoid the cold temperatures and food shortages that other animals have to (6)………….during the winter months. Another reason is mating. Many birds will only lay their eggs in certain places and at certain times of the year. So, migration also occurs at mating times.
One of the amazing things about birds is the distances and the accuracy (7)…………. which they migrate. Many birds are able to find their way back, to the exact same spots year after year despite having flown thousands of kilometres. The bar goose, for example, migrates over 30,000 kilometres each year without (8)………….its way. In order to travel such long distances without getting lost, birds use a variety of methods to help them (9)………….. One of the most important of these methods is the use of landmarks. From high in the air, birds have an excellent view of the land below them. They can see mountains, rivers and other (10)………….land features and use them to find their way.
II. WORD FORMS
PART 1: Give the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1. There is little hope that Maurice’s behavior will ever improve. It will probably remain so……………… till he grows up. (CORRECT)
2. The………………project has just been launched in that university. (DEPARTMENT)
3. Matt says you must be good at………………responsibilities of a restaurant owner. (TASK)
4. Everyone marveled at his ……………… idea of organizing more field trips for students. (OBJECT)
5. He gets………………whenever he hears that song. (EYE)
6. She looked absolutely ………………when I told her what had happened. She could hardly say a word. (DUMB)
7. New immigrants have been successfully………………into the community. (SIMILAR)
8. This school was once ……………… as a military hospital during the war. (REQUIRE) 9. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on………………by individual schools. (VALUE) 10. He stood at the door to make sure that no one………………the party. (GATE)
II. WORD FORMS
PART 2: Complete the following passage with the correct forms of the given words
front except secure labour check solid tend affirm alter sure
EXTRACT FROM A BOOK ABOUT MEETING
We are (1)………… by the experts that we are, as a species, designed for face-to-face communication. But does that really mean having every meeting in person? Ask the bleary-eyed sales team this question as they struggle (2)…………through their weekly teambuilding session and that answer is unlikely to be in the (3) …………. Unless you work for a very small business or have an (4)…………high boredom threshold, you doubtless spend more time sitting in meetings than you want to. Of course, you could always follow business Norman’s example. He liked to express (5)…………with customers queuing at the (6) …………by holding management meetings standing up. Is email a realistic (7)…………? It’s clearly a powerful tool for disseminating information, but as a meeting substitute, it’s seriously flawed. Words alone can cause trouble. We’re all full of (8)…………that can be unintentionally triggered by others and people are capable of reading anything they like into an email. There is also a (9)…………for email to be used by people who wish to avoid ‘real’ encounters because they don’t want to be (10)…………with any awkwardness.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them.
BEETHOVEN
Ludwig Van Beethoven, one of the most popular classical composer of all time, is sometimes known as 'the Shakespeare of music'. He was born in Bonne in 1770, and publishing his first work at the age of thirteen. Mozart was his teacher for a short time and they did not get on very well together; Beethoven was a difficult student. Like a composer, Beethoven was a genius - but as a person, he was not very easy to like. He was a passionate man who controlled his temper very easily. He was also arrogant. The upper classes of Vienna used to invite him to parties, when he was often quite rude. He was once heard to say to a prince: ‘There will always be many princes, but there is uniquely one Beethoven.’
Nevertheless, Beethoven played some of the most beautiful symphonies the world has never heard. How was such an arrogant, bad-tempered man inspired to the write such romantic music? Perhaps the answer lies in the three letters that were found after his death. They were addressed to his ‘immortal Beloved’. Nobody knows that this woman was, but it appears that Beethoven was deeply in love with her for most of his adult life.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
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1…………… 2…………… 3…………… 4…………… 5…………… 6…………… 7…………… 8…………… 9…………… 10…………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain unchanged.
1. My new job is much more satisfying than any job I’ve ever had.
→ My new job is far………………………………..........I’ve ever had.
2. If Tom hadn’t acted promptly to extinguish the fire, there might have been more damage to the house
→ But………………………………the fire out, there might have been more damage to the house.
3. A child of his age is too young to be deceitful.
→ So………………………………………………………deceitful.
4. I've become extremely good at missing the rush hour over the last few weeks. (FINE)
→ I've got…………………………………over the last few weeks.
5. I feel that to brand her ideas unworkable at this stage would be wrong. (WRITE)
→ I don’t think……………………………………………at this stage.
6. It’s crucial for us to control the juvenile inmates in a very strict way. (KEEP)
→ It’s crucial for us…………………………………………… inmates.
7. You’ve done nothing but look miserable all day. (AROUND)
→ You’ve done …………………………………………………….all day.
8. We don’t expect that the tourists in that accident have survived. (HOLD)
→ We don’t ……………………………………………in that accident.
9. Your story is different from the facts. (DOES)
→ Your story ………………………… the facts.
10. His excuse for such bad behavior has little effect on her. (NO)
→ His excuse……………………………………………her.
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUY
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE I. WORD CHOICE
Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
1. Of all entries received, his was ………….out for special raise.
A. isolated B. brought C. opted D. singled
2. I was in a………….as to what to do. If I told the truth, he would get into trouble, but if I said nothing I would be more in trouble.
A. doubt B. quandary C. hitch D. complexity
3. The matter has been left in ………….until the legal ramifications have been explored.
A. recess B. suspension C. abeyance D. criticism
4. The engineer…………. the machine with a hammer and, miraculously, it roared back to life. A. slapped B. smacked C. whacked D. punched
5. The Oscar winning actress simply ………….charm and professionalism in her acceptance speech. A. exuded B. excluded C. expunged D. extricated
6. The carrots are ready; could you drain them in the…………. and put them in the serving dish?
A. casserole B. colander C. whisk D. blender
7. Sue went for a …………..when she injured her foot and broke several toenails.
A. manicure B. pediment C. foot massage D. pedicure
8. What I find most………….about it is that he didn’t even have a decency to say that he was sorry. A. galling B. furious C. touchy D. blazing
9. I know it’s difficult but you’ll just have to .................and bear it. A. laugh B. smile C. grin D. chuckle
10. The computer has changed the world ............ A. irreplaceably B. irrevocably C. irredeemably D. irreparably
II. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR
11. Considered America’s first great architect,………… A. many of the buildings at Harvard University were designed by Henry Hobson Richardson B. it was Henry Hobson Richardson who designed many of the buildings at Harvard University C. Henry Hobson Richardson designed many of the buildings at Harvard University D. Harvard University has many buildings that were designed by Henry Hobson Richardson.
12. “ Frankly, Ms. Adamson works………….her figures never need………….,” said the General Manager. A. such efficiently that/ to check B. so efficient that/ checking C. such an efficient that/ to be checked D. so efficiently that/ to be checked
13. Thick fog across much of the UK has resulted in dozens of flights………….and many more delayed. A. being cancelled B. to be cancelled C. are cancelled D. cancelled 14. Although there is some truth to the fact that Linux is a huge threat to Microsoft, predictions of the Redmond company’s demise are,…………. , premature. A. saying the most B. to say the least C. to say the most D. to the least degree 15. David: Would you like fish or meat? Mary: I………….fish, please. A. would rather B. would prefer C. suppose D. believe 16. In his anxiety to make himself…………., he spoke too loudly and too slowly. A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. to understand 17. I …………. with the performances but I got flu the day before. A. was to have helped B. helped C. was to help D. had helped 18.………….chair the meeting.
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A. John was decided to B. It was decided that John should C. There was decided that John should D. John had been decided to 19. I thought about the problem but I couldn’t …………. a solution.
A. come in for B. come across C. come up with D. come out 20 …………. , they slept soundly.
A. Hot though was the night air B. Hot though the night air was C. Hot as was the night air D. Hot although the night air was
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS
21. The unions made it clear that they would not settle…………anything less than a 20% increase in salaries.
A. to B. for C. down D. up 22. She doesn’t eat crisps or chocolate; she’s………… health foods.
A. into B. in C. up for D. under 23. Housing in some cities is so expensive that some people cannot even afford to put………… the two months’ deposit that is required.
A. away B. down C. out D. about 24. The sky was heavy with black clouds. We hurried, hoping the rain would hold …………until we got the tents up.
A. through B. on C. up D. off 25. Several members of the public stepped …………with information pertaining to the incident
A. back B. forward C. backward D. onto 26. Ali was ....................an inch of reaching his goal when Ben stepped into the picture and messed up his plans.
A. into B. within C. on D. for 27. We haven’t met........ .......... a month of Sundays and I can hardly remember what he looks like. A. in B. up C. off D. out 28. Tim distrusts his new friends and prefers to keep them ................. arm’s length.
A. at B. to C. under D. in 29. As the day wore ..................., I began to feel more and more uncomfortable in their company.
A. with B. on C. out D. at 30. That car must have set Joe ................... quite a bit; it’s top of the range. A. back B. away C. in D. from
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS
31. Most people feel a slight ………… of nostalgia as they think back on their schooldays.
A. feeling B. surge C. pang D. chain 32. The cost of a new house in the UK has become……… high over the last few years.
A. totally B. astronomically C. blatantly D. utterly 33. The entire staff was thrown off ………… when the news of the takeover was announced.
A. composure B. disarray C. stable D. balance 34. Mr Simkins is the big…………in the company as he has just been promoted to the position of Managing Director.
A. bread B. cheese C. apple D. meat
35. It was an extremely hostile article which cast… on the conduct of the entire cabinet.
A. criticism B. aspersions C. disapproval D. abuse
36. He’s so lazy! We all have to work harder because he’s always………… his duties.
A. evading B. shirking C. ducking D. dodging
37. I found the information for the project in the encyclopedia but I couldn't give …………and verse on it.
A. chapter B. unit C. poem D. extract
38. I’m hoping that this work experience will stand me in…………in my future career.
A. good grounding B. good stead C. fine precedent D. stable footing
39. A meal in that restaurant costs the………… but still it is always packed.
A. world B. soil C. earth D. moon
40. What's that horrible noise downstairs?'
'It's only Sam. He always screams…………murder when we take him to the dentist.'
A. red B. black C. yellow D. blue
V. READING READING 1
Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided below the passage (10 pts)
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production. The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.
The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity. The new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule, where work began at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a constant pace. At the same time, workers were required to discard old habits, for industrialism demanded a worker who was alert, dependable, and self-disciplined. Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about "obedience to the ding-dong of the bell - just as though we are so many living machines." With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could achieve the artisan’s dream of setting up one's own business. Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in status.
In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength collapsed. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike or engage in collective action. And skilled craftworkers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850's, and the courts also recognized workers’ right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.
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Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives.
As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
41. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage 1 about articles manufactured before 1815?
A. They were primarily produced by women.
B. They were generally produced in shops rather than in homes.
C. They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production.
D. They were produced mostly in large cities with extensive transportation networks.
42. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage 2? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly .
B. The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.
C. Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.
D. Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.
43. The word “disrupted” in the passage 3 is closest in meaning to A. prolonged B. established C. followed D. upset
44. In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to A. support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories B. to show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by factory machinery
C. argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories
D. emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints
45. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as consequences of the new system for workers
EXCEP T a loss of
A. freedom
B. status in the community C. opportunities for advancement D. contact among workers who were not managers 46. The phrase “gathered some momentum” in the pas sage 5 is closest in meaning to A. made progress B. became active C. caused changes D. combined forces
47. The word “spear headed” in the passage 5 is closest in meaning to A. led B. accepted C. changed D. resisted 48. Which of the following statements about the labor movement of the 1800’s is supported by paragraph 5?
A. It was most successful during times of economic crisis. B. Its primary purpose was to benefit unskilled laborers, C. It was slow to improve conditions for workers. D. It helped workers of all skill levels form a strong bond with each year 49. The author identifies political, party loyalties and disagreements over tactics as two of several factors that
A. encouraged workers to demand higher wages B. created divisions among workers
C. caused work to become more specialized D. increased workers' resentment of the industrial system
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50. The word "them" in the passage 6 refers to A. Workers B. political party loyalties C. disagreements over tactics D. agents of opportunity
READING 2
Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. (10 pts)
HISTORY OF THE CHICKENPOX VACCINE
Chickenpox is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the Varicella zoster virus; sufferers develop a fleeting itchy rash that can spread throughout the body. The disease can last for up to 14 days and can occur in both children and adults, though the young are particularly vulnerable. Individuals infected with chickenpox can expect to experience a high but tolerable level of discomfort and a fever as the disease works its way through the system. The ailment was once considered to be a “rite of passage” by parents in the U.S. and thought to provide children with greater and improved immunity to other forms of sickness later in life. This view, however, was altered after additional research by scientists demonstrated unexpected dangers associated with the virus. Over time, the fruits of this research have transformed attitudes toward the disease and the utility of seeking preemptive measures against it.
A vaccine against chickenpox was originally invented by Michiaki Takahashi, a Japanese doctor and research scientist, in the mid-1960s. Dr. Takahashi began his work to isolate and grow the virus in 1965 and in 1972 began clinical trials with a live but weakened form of the virus that caused the human body to create antibodies. Japan and several other countries began widespread chickenpox vaccination programs in 1974. However, it took over 20 years for the chickenpox vaccine to be approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA), finally earning the U.S. government’s seal of approval for widespread use in 1995. Yet even though the chickenpox vaccine was available and recommended by the FDA, parents did not immediately choose to vaccinate their children against this disease. Mothers and fathers typically cited the notion that chickenpox did not constitute a serious enough disease against which a person needed to be vaccinated.
Strong belief in that view eroded when scientists discovered the link between Varicellazoster, the virus that causes chickenpox, and shingles, a far more serious, harmful, and longer-lasting disease in older adults that impacts the nervous system. They reached the conclusion that Varicella zoster remains dormant inside the body, making it significantly more likely for someone to develop shingles. As a result, the medical community in the U.S. encouraged the development , adoption, and use of a vaccine against chickenpox to the public. Although the appearance of chickenpox and shingles within one person can be many years apart - generally many decades - the increased risk in developing shingles as a younger adult (30-40 years old rather than 60-70 years old) proved to be enough to convince the medical community that immunization should be preferred to the traditional alternative.
Another reason that the chickenpox vaccine was not immediately accepted and used by parents in the U.S. centered on observations made by scientists that the vaccine simply did not last long enough and did not confer a lifetime of immunity. In other words, scientists considered the benefits of the vaccine to be temporary when given to young children. They also feared that it increased the odds that a person could become infected with chickenpox later as a young adult, when the rash is more painful and prevalent and can last up to three or four weeks. Hence, allowing young children to develop chickenpox rather than take a vaccine against it was believed to be the “lesser of two evils.” This idea changed over time as booster shots of the vaccine elongated immunity and countered the perceived limits on the strength of the vaccine itself.
Today, use of the chickenpox vaccine is common throughout the world. Pediatricians suggest an initial vaccination shot after a child turns one year old, with booster shots recommended after the child turns eight. The vaccine is estimated to be up to 90% effective and has reduced worldwide cases of chickenpox infection to 400,000 cases per year from over 4 ,000,000 cases before vaccination became widespread . ■ (A) In light of such statistics, most doctors insist that the potential risks of developing shingles outweigh the benefits of avoiding rare complications associated with inoculations . ■ (B) Of course, many
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parents continue to think of the disease as an innocuous ailment, refusing to take preemptive steps against it. ■ (C) As increasing numbers of students are vaccinated and the virus becomes increasingly rarer, how eve r, even this trend among parents has failed to halt the decline of chickenpox among the most vulnerable populations. ■ (D)
51. The word “tolerable ”in the 1st pas sage is closest in meaning to A. sudden. B. bearable C. infrequent. D. unexpected.
52. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the chicken pox virus?
A. It leads to a potentially deadly disease in adults.
B. It is associated with a possibly permanent rash.
C. It is easily transmittable by an infected individual.
D. it has been virtually eradicated in the modern world.
53. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
A. U.S. parents believed that having chickenpox benefited their children.
B. U.S. parents believed that chickenpox led to immunity against most sickness.
C. U.S. parents wanted to make sure that their children developed chickenpox.
D. U.S. parents did not think that other vaccinations were needed after chickenpox.
54. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the clinical trials for the chickenpox vaccine?
A. They too k longer than expected. B. They cost a lot of money to complete.
C . They took a long time to finish. D. They were ultimately successful.
55. The word “notion” in the 2nd passage is closest in meaning to A. history. B. findings . C . fact. D. belief.
56. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of Varicella Zoster?
A. It typically attacks adults who are over 60 years old.
B. It is linked to a serious disease that occurs more commonly in adults.
C . It likely is not a serious enough threat to hum an health to require a vaccine.
D. It is completely eradicated from the body after chickenpox occurs.
57. According to paragraph 3, all of the following is true about the chickenpox virus EXCEPT:
A. It causes two distinct yet related ailments .
B. People did not view it as a serious public health threat.
C . It tended to quickly become dormant and remain inoperative over time.
D. Vaccination against it would help prevent the onset of shingles.
58. The author uses “booster shots” as an example of
A. a way to increase the effectiveness of the chickenpox vaccine.
B. a preferred method of chickenpox rash and fever treatment. C. a scientifically app roved medicine to eliminate chickenpox. D. a strategy for parents to avoid vaccinating their child altogether.
59. According to paragraph 4, man y parents did not choose the chickenpox vaccine because A. they believed that the virus was weak and not especially harmful.
B. they thought that scientists did not have enough data to reach a conclusion, C. they were unsure about the utility of the vaccine given its expected duration.
D. they were convinced it was potentially very toxic, particularly for older children.
60. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Meanwhile, some continue to remain unconvinced, citing a supposed potential of the vaccine to do harm
Where would the sentence fit best?
A. A B. B C . C D. D
For questions 61-70. Read the following passage and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
The coolest kids in Europe share, a single (61) …………. they want to get married, have children and live happily ever after. They know it means putting their children first and sticking with their spouses even if they (62)…………. out of love. This news comes from the report of a new study that set out to find the answer to the modem riddle: What will today’s (63)………….really, really want tomorrow?
Poignantly, one of the clearest answers is that they want to have happy families. Even in the most (64)…………. countries there was condemnation for divorce, demands that parents should keep their marriage (65)………….and admiration for stable couples
It appears that among the middle classes, the quality of our children’s lives has suffered from the (66)………….on parents in high-stress professions. In the days when the concept of 'quality time' first emerged , I remember seeing a TV producer on (67)………….dial home on her mobile phone to read her son a bedtime story. This is just not good enough.
Quality time cannot be time (68)………….. Children need unconditional time in the same (69) …… that they need unconditional love. This study found a generation that had given up trying to get its parents’ attention but was (70)………….to do better by its own children.
61. A. drive B. eagerness C. ambition D. yearning 62. A. drop B. fall C. slip D. jump 63. A. youth B. young C. juniors D. juveniles 64. A. loose B. relaxed C. generous D. liberal 65. A. oaths B. vows C. pledges D. promises 66. A. pressures B. weights C. burdens D. loads 67. A. site B. place C. situation D. location 68. A. organized B. managed C. controlled D. disciplined 69. A. system B. respect C. way D. method 70. A. determined B. firm C. persistent D. stubborn
CLOZE TEST 2.
For each gap, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D which best fits the context. (10 pts)
The thought of taking a year out from studying is (71)................. Fun, freedom, adventure, perhaps even money seem to be on offer for a year. So why not go (72)............... it? A year out can provide all of these things. But before you make a firm decision, take some time to think about whether a year out is really what you want. If it is, then do make sure you know what you want to do with it. A year with nothing planned can be depressing and a (73)................. waste of time.
You need to take a positive attitude if you are to benefit. You need to start preparing for it well before the time comes to take the (74).................. Most universities and employers look favourably on such applicants if they have shown good reasons for taking a year out and have not just (75)............... into it. They value the maturity, confidence, social and other skills a gap year can bring. Colleges find that gap year students (76)............... to be more mature and motivated. They mix better with their fellow students and work harder because they have a better idea of where they want to go. They also (77).................more to college life in general, because they are used to being a part of a team, either at work or study.
Employers also look kindly on (78) .............. gap year students. They want employees who are experienced and mature and can deal better with the unexpected. If their year out has also equipped them with skills which other applicants may not have, such as a better (79)...............of a foreign language, then that too is a plus.
Your family may well have (80)............... feelings. On the one hand, they will be proud of, your independence; on the other hand, there will be worries about your safety.
71. A. disparaging B. intimidating C. alarming D. enticing
72. A. at B. for C. in D. off
73. A. deep B. large. C. sheer D. full
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74. A. plunge B. dive C. jump D. spin
75. A. drifted B. floated C. flopped D. flown
76. A. happen B. look C. tend D. end
77. A. present B. participate C. contribute D. involve
78. A. old B. former C. later D. present
79. A. grasp B. grab C. grapple D. hold
80. A. different B. crossed C. muddled D. mixed
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. OPEN C LO ZE TEST
OPEN CLOZE TEST 1
For questions 1-10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided below the passage.
Interest in mythology has grown steadily throughout the last hundred years, assisted by the realization that myths are not childish stories or mere prescientific explanations of the world, (1)……………serious insights into reality. They (2)…………… in all societies, in the present as well as the past. They are (3) …………… of the fabric of human life, embodying beliefs, moulding behavior and justifying institutions, customs and values. Myths are imaginative traditions about the nature, history and destiny of the world. Definitions of myth (4) …………… ‘story’ fail because a good many myths are not stories at all. The mythology of some (5)…………… includes the assignment of different functions to the (6)……… gods and goddesses: one deity presides over agriculture, (7)…………… over war and so on. Beyond this, the term myth is also (8) ……………to the religious and secular traditions which exert a powerful influence on attitudes to life, but the literal accuracy of which there is (9)…………… to doubt. However, because myths are woven into the fabric of a society where they are accepted as true, the impact of new discoveries, new attitudes and new ways of life on myths is usually to undermine them. When old myths are lost, new ones are needed. No society seems ever to have flourished without a set of myths containing its vision of its past, its (10)……………and its purposes.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2
For questions 11-20, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided below the passage
Does the thought of making a presentation to a group of peers bring you (11) ...... ............ in a cold sweat? If so, you’re not alone. The mere idea of having to “stand and deliver” in front of others is enough to strike dread into the (12) .................... of even the most experienced business person, let alone students. Yet effective spoken communication is an essential (13)......................for career success in today’s business and academic environments.
So what can people do to add sparkle to their speaking skills and (14)..................this understandable but unfounded fear of speaking, in public? The bad news is that presentation nerves are quite normal and you will probably always suffer from them. The good news is that interesting speakers are (15).............. .. and not born. You can learn the techniques that will (16)........................you into a calm and convincing speaker.
The first step is to persuade yourself you can do it. Just like an actor waiting in the wings, or an athlete (17)....................up for the big race, you need to get yourself on a confidence high. Try focusing your thoughts on moments of particular success during your life to (18)..................... Remember that the physical symptoms of nerves are most obvious to you. The audience won’t see your knees knocking or your hands trembling so don’t worry about it. Some of the worst presentations are those where the speaker clearly hasn’t (19)..................enough time to it beforehand. Let’s face it; a presentation that’s slung together half an hour before it’s going to be (20).................... isn’t going to impress anyone.
II. WORD FORMS
Supply each gap with correct form of the word given in brackets
1. The scandal surely ..................... the end of his political career. (SIGN)
2. He gained...................... for being difficult to work with as an actor. (NOTORIOUS)
3. Tre Transformer is quite intriguing. It is ..................... one of the best movies of the year. (DOUBT)
4. Her hip has been ..................... for quite a while, and she'll probably need surgery on it. (TROUBLE)
5. Her latest novel is a ......................... thriller, set some time in the late 21st century. (FUTURE)
6. The new policy only serves to .. ....................the inadequacy of help for the homeless. (ACCENT)
7. Successful candidates will be required to .................an induction programme. (TAKE)
8. Zombies are archetypal monsters from the bottom of the uncanny valley, with their dead eyes and................... faces (EXPRESS)
9. The terrible scenes were indelibly ................. on his mind (PRINT)
10. Phyllis Schlafly, the ................ conservative activist who helped defeat the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s, has died. (SPEAK)
Supply each gap with correct form of the word given in the box. (10 pts)
new courtesy caress acquaint impress relate disdain comfort ceremony instinct
DON’T JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVER
The magical world of literature was first revealed to me when I was still young enough to be held (1) ……………on my father’s lap. To my (2)…………… young mind, my father’s reading aloud to me could only be bettered by the process of preparation which immediately preceded it. Choosing the book, holding it (3)……………in one’s hands, admiring the jacket, and, finally, opening it to the first page to begin, seemed to me akin to following the rites of some sort of (4)……………occasion.
To the dedicated reader, every book has its own distinct smell. A book just purchased from one’s favorite book shop exudes a wonderful bouquet of printer’s ink, leather and binding glue. Because of its “yet to be discovered” content, I tend to treat a new book as I would a (5) …………… acquired (6)…… That is, while both new books and new friends have to be treated (7)……………one still feels comfortable with them due to an (8)……………sense that whispers that warm, lasting (9)…………… are sure to follow.
An old book, on the other hand, is a horse of a different color. On opening it, one’s nostrils are assailed by an odor that a non-book lover would (10)……………describe as simply ‘musty’.. To the true book connoisseur, however, this scent elicits enchanting memories of Christmases past, pressed roses, cedar chests and autumn leaves burning in the back yard. To the devout reader, an old book smells of nostalgia.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 PTS)
The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify the errors and write the corrections. (10 points) Line 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Human and primates, the family of apes, gorillas, and chimpanzees, among others, divide many common traits. While primates are deemed the most intelligent of animals, most researchers believed they lack the capacity to produce language. However, a research project in the 1970s at University of Georgia showed promise that chimpanzees have the ability to learn a certain language, just as human children. The project used several chimpanzees as test subjects in which Lana , a female chimp was the study focus. Though the primates lack the vocal constructions to make human speech patterns, the researchers created a language called
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Yerkish, using lexigram made up of symbols that represent sounds and words. 125 symbols were placed on a keyboard, which Lana was taught how to use the board to communicate with the researchers. She successfully expressed her thoughts by pressing different keys in succession. In some cases, she used up to seven at times.
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given
1. After a long hard journey, I cheered up when I saw my home. (SIGHT)
After a long hard journey, my spirits.............................. ......... ...of my home.
2. He didn’t want to get into a position where he might lose all his money. (POSSIBILITY)
He didn’t want to ....................... ...................... ............. .......... all his money.
3. The company received an enormous number of calls responding to the advert. (DELUGED) The company, ............ ................................................. response to the advert.
4. Children enjoyunwrapping their Christmas presents. (A KICK)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
5. He hid the truth about the matterbecause he didn't want to lose his high position. (CARPET)
6. You don't have to come and see the new house if you don't wish.
→ You are under..........................................................................................
7. He threatened the officers with violence.
→ He made..................................................................................................
8. The headmaster has a very good opinion of the physics teacher.
→ The headmaster holds..............................
9. He himself admits to a fear of spiders.
→ On his................................... ........
10. Suzanne is far superior to me in terms of technical knowledge.
→ When it.................... ......................
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN ĐÌNH CHI
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS)
I. WORD CHOICE (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. When Mary rented her apartment through a broker, she didn’t have enough money to pay both rent and broker………….
A. rentals B. reductions C. listings D. fees
2. They worked from dawn to dusk with such ………….that they were exhausted. A. boredom B. zeal C. detraction D. debility
3. She………….agreed to go with him to the football match although she had no interest in the game at all A. apologetically B. grudgingly C. shamefacedly D. discreetly 4. The police couldn’t persuade the man to………..- the source of his information. A. uncover B. discover C. divulge D. concede 5. Due to many years of……….., the Smiths had nothing to fall back on when it was time for them to retire.
A. illiteracy B. impunity C. inflexibility D. imprudence 6. The room is………..obvious. A. blindlessly B. blindedly C. blindly D. blindingly 7. All his hard work………..in success. A. accounted B. merged C. culminated D. succumbed 8. The bedroom was………..with battles. A. infested B. inflated C. infected D. infused 9. If things are going well. In fact, business is … A. soaring B. rolling C. blooming D. leaping 10. The smoke………..from the burning tyres could be seen for miles A. sweeping B. billowing C. radiating D. bulging
II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 11………..relatively inexpensive, the metal pewter can be fashioned into beautiful and useful objects. A. Even it is B. Despites C. Although D. Nevertheless, it is 12………..in front of a camera lens changes the color of the light that reaches the film. A. A filter placed B. A filter is placed C. Placed a filter D. When a filter placed 13. Do you play an instrument?” - I have an accordion, but………..” A. I haven’t played it in years B. I have years to play it C. it has years to play D. it hasn’t played for years 14. Scientists cannot agree on………..related to other orders of insects. A. that fleas are B. how fleas are C. how are fleas D. fleas that are 15. Superconductivity will revolutionize the way that energy is used for the next millennium, and……….. the first truly superconductive substance will be remembered as a technological hero. A. what the discovery of B. the discovery of C. whoever discovers D. whose discovery 16. Before they go to the university, most senior high school graduates have ……….. idea of what college life is like. A. no less B. no least C. not less D. not in the least 17. I’m………..my brother is. A. nowhere like so ambitious B. nowhere near as ambitious as C. nothing as ambitious than D. nothing near as ambitious as
10 11 12 13 14
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18. He seems………..for the experience.
A. none worse B. none the worse
C. none worse at all D. none the worst 19. Betty says she cannot stand looking at the rat,……….. touching it.
A. even so B. what if C. let alone D. as far as 20. Country life differs from urban life in ………..a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
III. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 21. He’s a tough politician - he knows how to ………..the storm.
A. ride out B. run down C. keep up D. push back 22. I was………… by the beautiful music.
A. carried up B. carried out C. carried away D. carried on 23. That sneaky real estate agent cons me………..selling her my house for a lot less than it was worth. A. out B. on C. at D. into 24. The ringleader was extremely lucky to get………..a suspended sentence. A. off with B. away C. throught to D. through 25. I got impatient waiting for my turn to ……….. A. go out B. set out C. come out D. work out 26. Over the centuries the feet of many visistors have………..the steps to the castle. A. worn out B. worn down C. worn through D. worn in 27. We’re going to………..Mark since he moved into a new house.
A. call on B. call at C. call into D. call for 28. Fireworks………..the attraction of the festival night.
A. appeared to B. increased to C. added up to D. added to 29. Susan’s face………..when she heard the good news.
A. lit up B. lightened up C. is bright D. brightene 30. Your plan doesn’t allow ……….. changes in the weather. A. with B. on C. for D. into
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5PTS)
Choose the best options to com plete the following sentences
31. If she gets a………..of anger, don’t panic, that’s her uasual self.
A. tit B. breath C. period D. look
32. Scientists think that resource shortages will cause an escalation of conflicts during this century, and will widen the………..between the rich and the poor.
A. blank B. gulf C. difference D. hole 33. The government should take measures to prevent nuclear waste from being ……….. at sea.
A. dropped B. discharged C. dumped D. disposed
34. The actor was so nervous that he could only remember small………..of dialogue.
A. shreds B. pieces C. patches D. snatches
35. I was kept awake for most of the night by the………..of a mosquito in my ear.
A. whine B. moan C. groan D. screech
36. He……….. a yawn as the actor began yet another long speech.
A. squashed B. suffocated C. stifled D. submerged
37. I’am afraid you’ve caught me on the………... I wasn’t expecting you until this afternoon.
A. stove B. grapevine C. spot D. hop
38. Every delicacy Miss Cook produces is done ………..
A. to a turn B. at will C. there and then D. sooner or later
39. Richard started the race well but ran out of………..in the later stages. A. power B. force C. effort D. steam 40. He might look kind and sympathetic, but deep down he’s as hard as……….. A. nails B. a mountain C. a gangster D. an iceberg
V. GUIDED CLOZE TEST: (10 PTS)
Read the following passages and choose the options that best complete the blanks.
PASSAGE A
It is an accepted part of everyday nostalgia to assume that in the past, food was somehow better than it is today. The fruit and vegetables were more (41)................ grown and this was not seen as an extra bonus which added ten percent on to the price. (42)................food was fresh, not frozen, and you had the chance to (43)................it to see whether you wanted it. When you went shopping, you could ask for exactly what piece of meat you wanted and see the butcher cutting it, instead of finding it ready-wrapped in plastic. And our local tradesman soon got to know what you wanted, and provided it for you; otherwise he would have gone (44)................business. Of course, unless we invent time - travel we shall never know whether this is all true. Survivor from those (45)................ days obviously tend to dislike today’s convenience foods, and to prefer the Good Old Days when a joint of beef filled the oven, (46)............... thick red juice instead of water when cooked, and cost the same (47)................a can of Coke.
What is always forgotten is that then as now the quality of your food depended very much (48)........... who you were, how well-off you happened to be, and where you lived. Shopping then (49)................ considerable skill, and shoppers had to be able to (50)....................the fresh from the nor so fresh. There was no shell-by date to act as a guide. If you were hard up then frozen meat and canned foods would have been on the menu, just as they are today.
41. A. nature B. natural C. naturalness D. naturally 42. A. Most B. Several C. Plenty D. Few 43. A. examine B. experiment C. distinguish D. detect 44. A. in to B. on to C. away from D. out of 45. A. far B. outlying C. distant D. further 46. A. manufactured B. produced C. reproduced D. resulted 47. A. with B. to C. as D. than 48. A. upon B. from C. of D. off 49. A. ordered B. demanded C. commanded D. prepared 50. A. say B. talk C. speak D. tell
PASSAGE B
If asked who (51)…………the game of baseball, most…………would probably reply that it was Abner Doubleday. At the (52)beginning of this century, there was some disagreement over (53)………… the game of baseball had actually originated, so sporting-goods manufacturer Spaulding inaugurated a commission to research the (54)…………. In 1908 a report was published by the commission (55)……… which Abner Doubleday, a U.S. Army officer from Cooperstown, New York, was (56)…………credit for the intervention of the game. The National Baseball Hall of Fame was established in Cooperstown in (57)…………of Doubleday.
Today, most sports historians are in agreement that Doubleday (58)…………did not have much to do with the development of baseball. (59)…………, baseball seems to be a close (60)………… to the English game of rounders and probably has English rather than American roots.
51. A. discovered B. founded C. invented D. found 52. A. Americans B. American C. The US D. America 53. A. what B. how C. when D. that 54. A. problem B. question C. matter D. issue
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55. A. at B. to C. of D. in
56. A. provided B. passed C. given D. delivered
57. A. honor B. reward C. award D. ceremony
58. A. truly B. really C. as well D. probably
59. A. But B. Moreover C. Instead D. Additionally
60. A. relate B. relationship C. relative D. relation
VI. READING COMPREHENSION (10PTS)
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
PASSAGE A
Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms as table ware, containers, in architecture and design-glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.
Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeeth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling
Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” .at specific temperatures glass progressively soften as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials
61. Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in paragraph 1?
A. To demonstrate how glass evolved B. To show the versatility of glass
C. To explain glassmaking technology
D. To explain the purpose of each component of glass
62. The word “durable” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to…………..
A. lasting B. delicate C. heavy D. plain
63. What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass?
A. They were the same for centuries. B. They are liquid.
C. They are transparent. D. They are very heavy.
64. According to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become rigid different from most ther rigid substances?
A. It has an interlocking crystal network. B. It has an unusually low melting temperature. C. It has varying physical properties.
D. It has a random molecular structure,
65. The word “customarily” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “…………..”
A. naturally B. necessarily C. usually D. certainly
66. The words “exposed to” in paragraph 2 most likely mean…………..
A. hardened by B. chilled with C. subjected to D. deprived of 67. What must be done to release the internal stresses that build up in glass products during manufacture? A. The glass must be reheated and evenly cooled B. The glass must be cooled quickly C. The glass must be kept moist until cooled D. The glass must be shaped to its desired from immediately 68. The word “induced” I paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ………….. A. joined B. missed C. caused D. lost 69. The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ………….. A. feature B. glass C. manner D. viscosity 70. According to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms than can metals? A. It resists breaking when heated B. It has better optical properties C. It retains heat while its viscosity changes D. It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises
PASSAGE B
The best way to learn is to teach. This is the message emerging from experiments in several schools in which teenage pupils who have problems at school themselves are tutoring younger children - with remarkable results for both sides.
According to American research, pupil - tutoring winds “hands down” over computerized instruction and American teachers say that no other recent innovation has proved so consistency successful. Now the idea is spreading to Britain. Throughout this term, a group of 14-year olds at Trinity comprehensive in Leamington Spa have been spending an hour a week helping children at nearby primary school with their reading. The younger children read aloud to their tutors (who are supervised by university students of education) and then play word games with them.
All the 14 year-olds have some of their own lessons in a special unit for children who have difficulties at school. Though their intelligence is around average, most of them have fallen behind on reading, writing, and maths and, in some cases, this has led to truancy or bad behaviour in class.
Jean Bond, who is running the special unit in Warwick university education department, says that the main benefit of tutoring is that it improves the adolescents’ self-esteem. The younger children come rushing up every time and welcome them. It makes the tutors feel important whereas, in normal school lessons, they often feel adequate. Everyone benefits. The older children need practice in reading, but, if they had to do it in their own classes, they would say it was kid’s stuff and be worried about losing face. The tutors are struggling at school themselves so, when the younger ones can’t learn, they know exactly why.
Jean Bond, who describes pupil tutoring as an “educational conjuring trick”, has run two previous experiments. In one, six persistent truants, aged 15 upwards, tutored 12 slow-learning infants in reading and maths. None of the six played truant from any of the tutoring sessions. “The degree of concentration they showed while working with their tutees was remarkable for pupils who had previously showed little ability to concentrate on anything related to school work for any period of time”, says Bond. The tutors became “reliable, conscientious caring individuals”
Their own reading, previously mechanical and monotonous, became far more expressive as the result of reading stories and to infants. Their view of education, which they had previously dismissed as a “crap” and “a waste of time” was transformed. They became firmly resolved to teach their own children to read before starting school, because, as one of them put it, “if they go for a job and they can’t write, they are not going to employ you, are they?” . The tutors also became more sympathetic to their own teachers’ difficulties, because they were frustrated themselves when the infants “mucked about”.
In the seven weeks of the experiment, concludes Bond, “these pupils received more recognition,
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reward and feelings of worth than they had previously experienced in many years of formal schooling.”
And the infants, according to their own teachers, showed measurable gains in reading skills by the end of the scheme.
71. The majority of the tutor in the Trinity experiments are pupils who ………..
A. cause discipline problems for their teachers
B. frequently stay away from school C. are below standard in basic skills
D. are unable to read and write
72. What is true according to American teachers on pupil-tutoring?
A. It has been more successful than other recent innovations.
B. It is much better than computerized instruction.
C. The best way to learn is to teach other people.
D. Tutoring benefits both tutors and tutees.
73. Which skill is used in the experiment at Trinity?
A. Reading B. Speaking C. Writing D. Reading and writing
74. What, according to Jean, makes tutoring interesting to tutors?
A. They feel the younger children need their help.
B. They feel being a tutor is more appealing than being a student, C. They don’t have to go to class anymore.
D. They feel they are more like an adult.
75. According to the writer, the tutor wouldn’t normally practise reading in class because………...
A. their teachers would get impatient with them.
B. they wouldn’t be able to concentrate C. their teachers wouldn't consider it necessary D. they would find it humiliating.
76. Which is NOT TRUE about the tutors?
A. They become more sympathetic to their own teachers. B. Their reading skills have greatly improved. C. They are never frustrated with their little children. D. Their view of education becomes more positive.
77. Pupil tutoring is describes as “an educational conjuring trick” because………….
A. no one understands why it works so well B. it has caught the attention of the media C. educational authorities are suspicious of it D. it is a simple idea with extra ordinary results
78. What does the word “muck about” NOT mean?
A. treat someone badly B. behave badly C. mess around D. fool around
79. The most significant result of the experiments so far carried out seemed to have been that tutors… A. learnt to overcome their fear of reading aloud B. improved their pupils’ ability to concentrate C. benefited from an increase of self-respect D. came to see the importance of writing skills
80. What is NOT mentioned in the text?
A. The educational benefits of pupil-tutoring
B. The experiments about pupil-tutoring
C. A good way to motivate weaker students to learn better
D. Comparison between tutoring and other teaching method
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS)
I. CLOZE TEST: (20PTS)
Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE WORD for each space
PASSAGE A
LONDON
London is a big city, but many people who live there (1)………... it as a number of small towns put together. Each one district has its (2)………... identity and atmosphere and some of parts are even described by their inhabitants as ‘villages ’. Much of the centre of the city consists (3)………...shops and businesses and the majority of people they live in the suburbs. A(4)………...many of them travel to work in the city every day (5)………...a train, bus, tube or car; this is call commuting. Commuters might spend as (6)………...as two hours every morning getting to work and (7)………...two hours getting home again. The cost of living in London is higher (8)………...so in most other parts of Britain, and many people are paid extra money on the top of their salaries because of this. Millions of visitors come to London every year from all over the world for to see the famous sights, such as Buckingham Palace, (9)………...the Queen lives, and many other historic buildings. London is also very famous for including its theatres, red buses, and black taxis. Some people find (10)………... a noisy, dirty place but it has many large, pleasant parts where everyone can enjoy themselves some peace and quiet. London has many attractions there, both for people from overseas and for people from other parts of Britain.
PASSAGE B
The cinema is today a favourite place of entertainment to most people, young and old. Hundreds of people visit the cinema today. There are many things that we can learn (1)………...our visits to the cinema. The pictures we can (2)_______ in the cinema often show us many useful things. They show how people in (3)……….... lands live and think. Sometimes they also show how people in the past lived and died. There (4)………...also pictures which show many things about the world of birds and animal. Some pictures, (5) ………..., sometimes spoil the minds of many people especially (6)………...of small boys and girls. Pictures which show how people steal, kill or kidnap, for example, have done a lot of harm, but these (7)………... pictures also show how, in the end the criminals are caught and punished, and many people have learnt to obey the law, as a result. Thus, whether such pictures are good or bad depends on (8)…… lesson the person has learnt from them. On the (9)………... most pictures try to teach many useful lessons. The cinema may therefore be described as a school where people can learn a lot of god lessons. It is for all these reasons that cinema is still the (20)………...favourite place of entertainment.
II. WORD FORMATION (20 PTS)
PART 1:
Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses
1. Gazprom, whose boss Alexei Miller is a close political ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin, is almost as………...in world football. (PRESENT)
2. Some data showed vitamin D had a protective role against ………...diseases such as type 1 diabetes. (IMMUNE)
3. Hunger and a………...meal did not sit happily side by side. (SLAP)
4. All around are ………...mountains which provide the walkers or nature-lovers with magnificent opportunities to savor the Alpine flora. (SNOW)
5. Britain’s nuclear power program began with a lie: it was a ………... for the nuclear weapons program. (SCREEN)
6. The ………...vigor of man-made things, as suggested by these metaphors, is at the same time ungainly and unnatural. (HUMAN)
7. His………...whether poets, novelists, producers or scholars, tailored their books to his minutely workedout requirements. (LIBRARY)
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8. I’ve never heard such ………... nonsense in my life! (ADULT)
9. He was discovered to have been………... company funds. (PROPERTY)
10. After 2012. the base shifted the event to a(n) ………... schedule, but budget cuts forced it to cancel the 2014 show. (ANNUAL)
PART 2: Complete each passage, with the appropriate form of the words given in the box fit hot class new barb illusion surface dismount land Wifely
SEOUL, South Korea - Divorced and out of money, Kwon Chol-nam fled North Korea for China in 2014 by wading across a river border at night and then crawling over a (1)…………..fence. After a perilous trek that included walking through a jungle in Laos, he reached Thailand, where he was allowed to fly to South Korea and start life (2)………….. After all that trouble and danger, Mr. Kwon now wants South Korea to allow him to return home to the North. “You have to ride a horse to know whether it’s the right (3)…………..for you,” Mr. Kwon said in an interview in Seoul. “ I have tried, and the South (4)…… of me. I want to go home to the North to reunite with my (5)…………..and 16-year-old son.”
Although North Korea is one of the world's most politically repressive countries, Mr. Kwon says he has grown (6)…………..with life in the capitalist South, where he says North Korean defectors like him are treated like (7)…………..citizens. “They called me names, treating me like an idiot, and didn’t pay me as much as others doing the same work, just because I was from the North,” Mr. Kwon (8)………….. said. To press his unusual demand, he has held news conferences, submitted petitions to the United Nations and demonstrated with signs in front of government buildings in Seoul. Apart from him, more than 30,000 North Koreans have fled to South Korea since a famine hit their (9)…………..in the 1990s. Of them, 25 have mysteriously (10) ………….. back in the North in the past five years.
(Source: adapted from "The New York Times")
20
Nevertheless, it does not do to address the future from a foundation of pessimism. A vision of the future is embraced in which the human population has leveled off at about 8.8 billion and where in human effects upon the environment have been tethered and considerable wildlife remain. It certainly will not be as rich or abundant as today’s wildlife, but with substantial diverse and numbers of more or less wild ecosystems, and the zoos’ work, this vision can become reality.
1…………….. 2…………….. 3……………..
4…………….. 5…………….. 6……………..
7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10……………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20PTS)
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
1. David hadn’t expected that he would feel so weak after the operation.
→ The operation left ……………………………………………………………
2. The president is the statesman I admire most of all.
→ There is no…………………………………………………………………….
3. You’re far more practical than I am.
→ Now here ……………………………………………………………………..
4. Could you watch my bag while I'm away?
→ Could you keep……………………………………………………………….?
5. The staff hated Frank’s new policies intensely and so went on strike.
→ So intense…………………………………………………………………….
6. The family members find it hard to accept their father’s fortune will go to charity. (RESISTANCE)
→ There……………………………………………………… go to the charity.
III . ERROR CORRECTION: (10PTS)
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them. Choose the best options to complete the following sentences
Line 1 5 10 15
The role of the traditional zoo, inheriting from the 19th century, has undergone a dramatic shift. A growing recognition that zoos ought to be in the vanguard of the fight for the devastation of our natural world has begun a zoologic revolution. The change occurred in the 1960s, when the Jersey zoo was set off to breed endangered species. As a result, the breeding of animals in captive has become a complex science, with zoos around the world co-coordinating their efforts to avoid the genetic dangers of in-breeding small populations. The answer for the question of whether zoos can have very much impact on the preservation of endangered species is, probably, minimally. Zoos do not focus their education efforts on those people in the strongest positions to affect the future of the wildlife exhibited. For the most part, conservation education is targeted at children and other non-decision makers in a process too slow or too far away to address the extinction crisis which exists now. Furthermore, the efforts of zoos to inform lawmakers and government authorities are usually low-key or un-existent. Campaigns are more likely to be for an animal exhibit rather than for the existence of the animal itself.
7. His analysis of the situation was far too complex for me to grasp. (HEAD)
→ His analysis of the situation……………………………………………
8. Start doing some work now if you want to become a rich and powerful man. (PULL)
→ substance.
9. Had it not been for John, she couldn’t have got the job. (AGENCY)
→ Only ………………………………………………………………………………
10. Peter never makes any effort to help his team when it is time for action. (LIFTS)
→ Peter never……………………………………………………….. time for action
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A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
I. VOCABULARY: WORD CHOICE
Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Although the patient received intensive treatment, there was no ....................improvement in her condition.
A. decipherable B. legible C. discernible D. intelligible 2. The dentist told him to open his mouth..........
A. broad B. much C. greatly D. wide 3. Only one person who can provide the best solution to the question will be promoted and……...........a financial grant.
A. served B. awarded C. entitled D. equipped 4. You may feel sure the casting will be done perfectly, just....................your trust in me and you will see I’m right.
A. allow B. forward C. grant D. lay 5. His invention changed the....................of history
A. way B. line C. course D. route 6. The country has few natural resources and its economy has been............... for some time now.
A. diseased B. unwell C. sickening D. ailing
7. In her speech the Prime Minister ................. tribute to the valuable contributions to society made by voluntary organizations.
A. paid B. gave C. sent D. brought 8. Unfortunately, his report doesn’t ..................with what we’ve learnt from other sources.
A. pally B. rally C. ally D. tally 9. We’d all been at school together for 12 years and at our leaving celebrations we .................... eternal friendship.
A. assured B. pledged C. undertook D. confided 10. Maria and Jean had a .................... romance - they met and married within two months.
A. hurricane B. whirlwind C. cyclone D. typhoon
II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES
Choose the best word or phrase which best completes the following sentences Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes. 1.................... are poor observers of their child 's behavior so deviant behavior reaches unmanageable proportions.
A. Parents that B. When parents C. If parents D. Parents 2. Food is, after all, an important part of Chinese culture and mission controllers say it is important ............. China’s space pioneers do not go hungry.
A. so that B. make sure C. that food is provided for D. to ensure that 3. Crushed ice is used to cool drinks, and is often applied to injuries where there is swelling, to remove excess heat................. in the tissues.
A. generated B. to generate C. generating D. generates 4. With .................5,000 tigers remaining in the world today, time is quickly running out for this beautiful animal.
A. as fewer than B. so few as C. as few as D. not fewer than 5.................... films about writers are so dull is that writers don’t dress up to practice their craft.
A. One of the reasons B. Everybody says C. It is often claimed D. Because 6. It’s a horrible irony, but a bully has to know his victim well ...................effective; it’s almost impossible
to bully strangers.
A. if being B. to be C. in order to D. if they are 7. Desks can often show aspects of character otherwise hidden from general view ............... if analyzed in detail, will reveal their owner’s innermost secrets
A. and which B. but where C. these D. however
8. Motor vehicle collisions are ................... of death in infants and children.
A. primary reason B. frequently resulting C. often blamed D. a leading cause
9. Smokers who try to ................cigarettes can double their chances of success by using patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers or nasal sprays containing nicotine. A. stop B. quit the C. stop to use D. give up 10. For humans, running a give distance requires 50 to 80 percent more energy than walking ........... distance does.
A. equivalent B. equal C. the same D. identical
III. PREPO SITIO NS AND PHRASAL VERBS
Choose the best word or phrase which best completes the following sentences. Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. He mustered....................... enough to go to the horror film. A. on B. up C. in D. together 2. You have to do ................ ..the matter. You have to do what he says. A. in B. about C. toward D. with 3. The child showed no animosity....................her new stepbrother. A. toward B. with C. about D. on 4. I would appreciate it if you could ................... me the next time we see your mother. A. catch up with B. stick up for C. come up with D. live up to 5. As I had never worked with autistic children, I found it rather difficult to get................to them. A. on B. up C. off D. through 6. She fixed us................... a violin teacher. We’re really grateful to her. A. to B. up with C. along with D. together 7. Your request for greater financial support has to be ...................the claims from other departments. A. banked on B. blown up C. balanced against D. brushed up 8. There are a few things that I don't like about my job, but ....................it’s very enjoyable. A. by and large B. here and there C. black and blue all over D. near and far 9. I must .... ...............my Italian before going to that meeting in Rome. A. bear out B. blow over C. brush up D. break through 10................ .. it seems to be quite a good suggestion. A. All in all B. All the same C. For all I care D. All but
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS
Choose the best word or phrase which best completes the following sentences Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes
1. A .................... of dirt and oil lay over the surface of the pond. A. piece B. film C. charm D. flock 2. You can’t simply.................... the blame on the government whenever things go wrong. A. put B. give C. lay D. press 3. The company offered to pay in ................... , so in this way we would not have to wait until work is done to get our money. A. advance B. arrears C. purchase D. full
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4. Janet-gushed over the sculpture in the antique shop, but Kevin thought that the craftsmanship was merely run of the mill.
A. He thinks that it is of exceptionally high quality.
B. He thinks that it is marked by creativity or originality.
C. He thinks that it is too expensive for the average person too afford.
D. He thinks that it is low quality, common or ordinary.
5. After Michael missed three shots in a row and passed the ball to a player on the other team, the boys were only up by two and they suspected that Michael would be the Achilles’ heel of the team.
A. Michael performs well under pressure.
B. Michael is a valuable contributor to the team.
C. Michael is a weakness in an otherwise strong entity.
D. Michael inspires others to succeed.
6. Lyle chose Marco for his partner, thinking that it would be fun to work with his best friend, but now that the project was due tomorrow and the boys had nothing done, Lyle realized that he should have hitched his ..................to a different wagon.
A. dog B. horse C. camel D. bull
7. While Kristie’s cake pops are both delicious and artistic, nobody can …………..a candle to her pecan pie.
A. hold B. lit C. blow D. make
8. Don’t be such a...............Thomas. It will work. There will be no problems," Mary said to her husband as she tried to convince him to buy laminate flooring for the back bedroom.
A. doubting B. quirky C. mistrusting D. wavering 9. The school staff needs new .................. in order to bring in novel ideas.
A. thing B. blood C. employees D. offices 10. Could I pick your.................. on the subject before the meeting?
A. intellect B. mind C. head D. brains
V. READING COMPREHENSION
READING 1:
Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C or D to answer the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.
A typical sunspot consists of a dark center umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like a spoke a wheel. Actually the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K. Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5% of the pots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments: consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for several thousand years.
Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic field associated with any given sunspots is closely related to the spot’s size.
Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.
1. What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
A. To argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots B. To describe the nature of sunspots
C. To propose a theory to explain sunspots
D. To compare the umbra and the penumbra
2. The word controversial is closest in meaning to . A. open to debate B. very complicated C. widely accepted D. just in traduce
3. Solar particles are hurled into space by . A. small rivers on the surface of the sun B. underdetermined causes C. changes the earth’s atmosphere D. disturbances of wind 4. The word particles refers to . A. gas explosions in the atmosphere B. small pieces C. liquid streams on the sun D. light ray from the sun
5. How can we describe matter from the sun that enters the earth’s atmosphere?
A. Very small B. Very bright C. Very hard D. Very hot 6. The sunspot theory is .
A. relatively new B. widely accepted C. subject to disagreement D. not considered important 7. The word they in line 7 refers to .
A. pots B. miles C. granules D. Structures 8. The word consequently could best be replaced by . A. Nevertheless B. In this way C. Without doubt D. As a result 9. In which configuration do sunspots usually occur?
A. In a configuration of two spots B. In groups of several thousand spots C. In one spot of varying size D. In arrangements of one hundred or more spots 10. How are sunspots explained?
A. Sunspots may be related to magnetic fields that follow longitudinal lines on the sun. B. Sunspots are explained by storms that occur on the earth. C. Sunspots have no theory or model to explain them. D. Sunspots appear to be related to magnetic fields on the earth.
READING 2: Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C or D to answer the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
How a man uses money - makes it, saves it, and spends it - is perhaps one of the best tests of practical wisdom. Although money ought by no means to be regarded as a chief end of man’s life, neither is it a trifling matter, to be held in philosophic contempt, representing as it does to so large an extent, the means of physical comfort and social well-being. Indeed, some of the finest qualities of human nature are intimately related to the right use of money; such as generosity, honesty, justice, and self- sacrifice; as well as the practical virtues of economy and providence. On the other hand, there are their counterparts of avarice, fraud, injustice, and selfishness, as displayed by the inordinate lovers of gain; and the vices of thriftlessness, extravagance, and improvidence, on the part of those who misuse and abuse the means entrusted to them. “So that,” as is wisely observed by Henry Taylor in his thoughtful ‘Notes from Life,’ “a right measure and manner in getting, saving, spending, giving, taking, lending, borrowing, and bequeathing, would almost argue a perfect man.”
Comfort in worldly circumstances is a condition which every man is justified in striving to attain by all worthy means. It secures that physical satisfaction, which is necessary for the culture of the better part of his nature; and enables him to provide for those of his own household. Nor. ought the duty to be any the less indifferent to us, that the respect which our fellow-men entertain for us in no slight degree depends upon the manner in which we exercise the opportunities which present themselves for our honourable advancement in life. The very effort required to be made to succeed in life with this object, is of itself an education; stimulating a man’s sense of self-respect, bringing out his practical qualities, and disciplining
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him in the exercise of patience, perseverance, and such like virtues. The provident and careful man must necessarily be a thoughtful man, for he lives not merely for the present, but with provident forecast makes arrangements for the future. He must also be a temperate man, and exercise the virtue of self-denial, than which nothing is so much calculated to give strength to the character. John Sterling says truly, that “the worst education which teaches self denial, is better than the best which teaches everything else, and not that.” The Romans rightly employed the same word (virtus) to designate courage, which is in a physical sense what the other is in a moral; the highest virtue of all being victory over ourselves.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Wealthy people and poor people can both be virtuous.
B. Money is insignificant.
C. Money is the most important thing in the world.
D. The way a person handles money indicates his or her general character..
2. The author’s purpose in writing this essay is ......... ........
A. to teach people how to earn a great deal of money.
B. to warn readers about the dangers of greed.
C. to describe the life of a wealthy person.
D. to convince the reader that proper money management is a sign of good character.
3. Which is the best synonym for the word “providence”?
A. prudence B. fate C. sustenance D. doom
4. What would be the author’s response to those who say that poverty is noble?
A. The author would agree with this statement.
B. In order to cultivate other virtues a person must have money.
C. Once a person gets rich, they can start worrying about self-discipline.
D. The Romans believed that poor people are evil.
5. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Henry Taylor?
A. admiring B. condescending C. skeptical D. disgusted
6. What does the author imply by saying that money provides ‘physical satisfaction, which is necessary for the cultivation of the better part of his nature’ ?
A. People are more friendly after they have had a hot bath.
B. In order to improve oneself in more lofty ways, one must attain the basic necessities.
C. The most important thing in life is physical pleasure.
D. Money can only provide physical pleasure.
7. What does the author mean by the comment, ‘The very effort required to be made to succeed in life with this object, is of itself an education’?
A. In order to earn money a person needs to go to college.
B. Money makes people seem smarter than they are.
C. That learning to manage money effectively entails learning a number of other valuable skills.
D. Only intelligent people can earn money.
8. Why must the ‘provident and careful man’ be a thoughtful man?
A. because he has earned a great deal of money
B. because he is familiar with the works of Henry Taylor
C. because he gives most of his money to charity
D. because he must always be planning for the future
9. The author brings up the Roman word for courage to illustrate ................
A. his knowledge of the classics
B. that people throughout history have valued money
C. that self-discipline is less important than physical bravery
D. that self-control is similar to physical bravery
10. What is the definition of the word “temperate” as it is used in this essay?
A. moderate B. irritated C. self-denying D. warm
VI. CLOZE-TEST
CLOZE-TEST 1.
Read the passage below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
In addition to the challenge to be excellent, American schools have been facing novel problems. They must (1)…………..with an influx of immigrant children, many of whom speak little or no English. They must respond to demands (2)…………..the curriculum reflect the various cultures of all children. Schools must make sure that students develop (3)………….. skills for the job market, and they must consider the needs of nontraditional students, such as teenage mothers.
Schools are (4)…………..these problems in ways that reflect the diversity of the US educational system. They are hiring or training large numbers of teachers of English (5)………….. a second language and, in some communities, setting up bilingual schools. They are opening (6)…………..the traditional European-centered curriculum to embrace material from African, Asian, and other cultures.
Schools are also teaching cognitive skills to the (7)…………..40 percent of American students who do not go on to higher education. In the (8)………….. of a recent report by the Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills, “A strong back, the willingness to work, and a high school diploma were once all that was necessary to (9)…………..a start in America. They are no longer. A well-developed mind, a continued willingness to learn and the ability to put knowledge to work are the new keys (10) …………..the future of our young people, the success of our business, and the economic well-being of the nation.”
(Extractedfrom InfoUSA - CD Version) 1. A. fight B. cope C. stay D. do 2. A. that B. whether C. what D. who 3. A. basics B. basic C. basis D. base 4. A. distributing B. delivering C. discharging D. addressing 5. A. as B. from. C. with. D. like 6. A. for B. up C. into D. on 7. A. fairly B. nearly C. mostly D. slightly 8. A. ways B. minds C. words D. directions 9. A. take B. get C. bring D. make 10. A. to B. for C. in D. at
CLOZE-TEST 2. Read the passage below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
TECHNOLOGY
When faced with some new and possibly bewildering technological change, most people react in one of two (1) ............. They either recoil from anything new, claiming that it is unnecessary, or too complicated or that it somehow makes life less than (2)................. Or they learn to (3)................... to the new invention, and eventually (4)............... how they could possibly have existed without it. Take computers as an example. For many of us, they still represent a (5)............ to our freedom, and give us a frightening sense of a future in which all (6) ............ will be taken by machines. This may be because they seem mysterious, and difficult to understand. Ask most people what you can use a home computer for, and you usually get (7)............ answers about how ‘they give you information’. In fact, even those of us who are familiar with computers, and use them in our daily work, have very little idea of how they work. But it does not take long to learn how to operate a business programme, even if things occasionally go wrong for no apparent reason. Presumably much the same happened when the telephone and the television became (8) ............. What seems to alarm most people is the speed of technological change, rather than change itself. And the (9)............ that are made to new technology may well have a point to them, since change is not always an improvement. As discover during power cuts, there is a lot to be said for the oil lamp, the coal fire, and forms of entertainment, such as books or board games, that don’t have to be (10) ......
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in to work.
1. A. moments B. kinds C. ways D. types
2. A. formerly B. lively C. personal D. human
3. A. adapt B. react C. conform D. use
4. A. decide B. wonder C. suppose D. admit
5. A. hazard B. risk C. control D. threat
6. A. measures B. decisions C. chances D. instructions
7. A. vague B. such C. up with D. hundreds
8. A. in existence B. widespread C. through D. extensive
9. A. objections B. appliances C. criticisms D. fears
10. A. wired B. batteries C. plugged D. connected
B. WRITTEN TEST:
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST : Read the text below and think of the word which best Fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
CLOZE TEST 1
One of the greatest problems with holidays, (1)……….. from the usual travel complications and accommodation difficulties, is the expectations people have of (2)………... When we go on holiday we expect to leave all the stresses and strains of our daily lives (3)……….. us. We imagine we will be able to escape to such a degree that we even tend to believe, consciously or not, that we can change our own personalities and become completely (4)……….. people. The average business-person, tense, preoccupied, short-tempered, (5)……….. to relax, envisages herself / himself (6)……….. , from the moment of locking the office door, a radically different (7)……….. of person: carefree, good-humoured, ready to relax and enjoy whatever adventures present themselves. In practice, we take ourselves with us wherever we go, and the personality that is shaped (8)……….. years of stress and tension is almost impossible to shake off (9)………..a moment’s notice. It is no wonder so many holidays are a disappointment, no matter how smoothly they go or how lovely the weather is. In fact, the frequent problems that crop (10)……….. during the average holiday are probably a welcome distraction from the nagging feeling that we are not enjoying ourselves as much as we should.
CLOZE TEST 2
Much has been heard recently about possible health hazards, including memory loss and brain tumours, from the use of mobile phones. With the possible half a billion mobile phones in (1)……….. throughout the world, in Britain alone, one person in four owns one, (2)………..is worrying enough, even if, so far, no concrete evidence has come to (3)………... One study by Dr. Alan Preece and his team at Bristol University has shown, however, in a report in the International Journal of Radiation Biology, that tests on volunteers demonstrated no effect on their short-term memory or attention (4)………... Subjects were exposed to microwave radiation for (5)………..to thirty minutes, but the one noticeable effect was positive rather than negative; the subjects reacted more rapidly in one test (6)……….. a visual choice. One explanation of this is that following the transmissions, a warming of the blood led to increased blood flow. For the experiment, places were chosen where the signal was good and the microwave dose light, and then where the signal was poor and the dose (7)……….. higher. The subjects were tested for recall and mental alertness (8)……….. exposure to microwaves characteristic of analogue phones, digital phones or no phones at all, without knowing (9)……….. they were exposed to. It is, of course, early days yet and the sample may not be large enough to generalise (10)……….. . More research needs to be done.
II. WORD FORM
PART 1:
Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. She worked...................... to help homeless people. (STINT)
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2. Apart from so me.............. .........efforts, the government have not yet made a serious attempt to effectively address the Scottish fisheries issue. (HEART)
3. As Tet holiday is coming, we’ve got an ...................... weekend ahead of us. (ACTION)
4. The effects of alcohol misuse spill over from private life into the workplace, causing inefficiency and accidents as well as ................. (ABSENT)
5. There was far too much light and all my photos were....................... (EXPOSURE)
6. The organization works in many war-torn and ..................... countries. (POOR)
7. As an environmentally aware consumer, it is important for you to know in what way you can help to make sure that less ...................material is left on the planet. (DEGRADE)
8...................... has left a lot of workers with the risk of losing their jobs, as they were recruited on a temporary basis. (CASUAL)
9. The waitress came round with a tray of........... .......cream cakes. (MOUTH)
10. He was the perfect son and brother and the pride in him from the family is......................immense. (JUSTICE)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box
immune form invade introduce populate success assist place effect caution
UNWANTED VISITORS
Loss of habitat poses the single greatest threat, endangering indigenous species. The second largest threat to native flora and fauna would have to be the (1)................. of alien species into an environment other than their own. Alien species are able to cause such cataclysmic damage because they are usually more (2)..................... in competing for food. They introduce diseases to which the local inhabitants do not possess (3)..................Interbreeding has caused the destruction of entire species because the first hybrid generation will eventually (4)................ the parent stock. Hybrid individuals tend to possess greater vigour and will therefore compete more (5).................. with the remaining pure stock. Their offspring may also be infertile, resulting in the (6)....................of an entire species because of a reduction in the number of breeding animals. The (7) ................... of guidelines has been called on to exclude non-native wildlife, contain it where it has a foothold, and eliminate it if possible. The principles call for border controls, (8) .............. in international trade and technical and financial (9)................. to help poor countries detect and combat (10)...................
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them
Severe hurricane force winds buffeted their way across Kent and much of the south-east of England last night, leaving a trail of devastation from their wake. Vast tracts of the county have been flattened, and damage to property estimated at hundreds of millions of pounds.
Yesterday evening there was little warning of what was about to come. Wind began to pick up just after 11 p.m. and by 2 a.m. storm force winds had hit towns on the south coast. Later, the winds increased violence until they eventually reached hurricane force in the early hours of the morning, lashing the country with gusts of over 130 miles an hour. Hospitals were warned to expect casualties.
Kent has been very badly hit. In Sevenoaks, an entire forest was flattened by the blast and uprooted trees were littered over the countryside as matchsticks. Elsewhere there has been considerable damage to crops and buildings. David Hart, from Lamberhurst, awoke to find that his roof had been blown off: “ I was woken up by an incredible noise - it was just like a bomb going off. I could see the roof flapping about in the wind. Then it just flew off, and slates and bricks came to crash down through the ceiling.”
Concern has been risen at the failure of the authorities to provide adequate warning. A spokesperson from the Meteorological Office explained that storm force winds had been forecast, that the hurricane itself
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had been caused by a combination of freak weather conditions. The first priority for Kent County Council is the restoration of communications, and the government is considering giving emergency aid. Therefore, insurance companies are bracing themselves to a deluge of claims that could well run to nearly a billion pounds.
1…………… 2…………… 3……………
4…………… 5…………… 6……………
7…………… 8…………… 9…………… 10…………..
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the following sentences, using the given words
1. The house shouldn’t be left unlocked for any reason . Not. .................................. ......................................................................
2. The restoration of communications and essential services is of prime importance for the council. The first ..................................................................................................
3. The government have been reviewing their immigration policy for some time. The government’s.............................................. .................. ...................
4. He declared his disapproval of the behavior of some of his supporters. He let it .........................................
5. A new flu vaccine has been on trial since the beginning of the year. They...............................................
6. They may have escaped through the backdoor. GETAWAY They...........................................................................................................
7. You've been looking miserable all day. MOON You’ve .......................................................................................................
8. Jim knew he would have to go on the business trip at a moment's notice. POISED Jim ...................................... ........................................................................
9. The waiters in the new restaurant were very inefficient. SHODDY We received.............................. .........
10. Sean did all the illustrations for the book but no one acknowledged his work. CREDIT Sean wasn't........................................
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN TRẦN ĐẠI NGHĨA - T P.
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PT S)
I. WORD CHOICE (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
MINH
1. The trial has been adjourned because no new and ………….evidence has been uncovered. A. damning B. flattering C. withering D. prevailing
2. The former leader of the organization has expressed a wish to…………. for his past sins. A. atone B. annex C. adore D. abridge
3. The ultramodern printers can reproduce photographs with amazing…………. A. felicity B. frugality C. fidelity D. futility
4. With a wide range of qualifications and a wealth of experience, Rosa is………….the most suitable candidate.
A. haphazardly B. begrudgingly C. jovially D. indubitably
5. The………….soil absorbed the rain almost as rapidly as it fell.
A. sinewy B. porous C. fibrous D. prevailing 6. As a dietician, she often …………. the virtues of eating less fat. A. exiles B. extols C. exudes D. exceeds 7. Salespersons often try to please their customers by using artificial…………..
A. eulogy B. kudos C. flattery D. homage 8. This area is very dangerous. In order not to get………….on their way, women are advised not to go out alone at night.
A. uplifted B. stonewalled C. browbeaten D. waylaid 9. In the morning sermon, the missionary………….talks about his religious beliefs, his face glowing with enthusiasm.
A. dolefully B. insidiously C. zealously D. spasmodically 10. Even though my mother despised her twin sister, she always spoke about her without…………. A. conferment B. sublime C. rancour D. ignominy
II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 11…………. , I would give a party. A. Were she to come next month B. She were to come next month C. If she comes next month D. Should she come next month 12. On the battle field…………. A. the tanks lay B. did the tanks lie C. lay the tanks D. lied the tanks 13…………., the catfish is prized for its taste. A. With ugly look B. As ugly looking C. Ugly looking as it is D. As it is ugly looking 14. The estranged husband desperately tried to get his message across,………….without success. A. despite B. however C. even though D. albeit 15. Janine’s parents died when she was just a baby, so I………….family she ever had. A. was all the B. was the whole C. have the whole D. have all the 16. Despite many sophisticated techniques, the simple magnifying glass and gut………….tools for unmasking fake paintings.
A. instinct remains the best B. instinct remain the best C. instinctive remain the best D. instinctively remains the best 17. Mr. Gump supposes,…………. that he will retire at 60. A. like most people did B. as most of people C. like most people do D. as do most people
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HỒ CHI
18………….that Mr. Jones is planning to run for governor this year.
A. Word is it B. Word has it C. Word has D. The words are 19. The endless parade of………….on television has made today’s young girls obsessed with their bodies. A. celebrities enhancing surgically B. surgically- enhanced celebrities C. surgical celebrities enhanced D. enhanced surgically celebrities 20. At the stroke of midnight, I’m afraid there………… A. won’t shops be left open B. won’t be shops left open C. will be shops left not open D. will be no shops left open
III. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences 21. The rebellion took………….the reins of government immediately after the coup. A. out B. over C. against D. in 22. Such a savage punishment must be abolished as it is abhorrent………….a civilized society. A. with B. for C. to D. in 23. Dave is not a good boss because he's always palm the worst jobs………….his assistant. A. out with B. up for C. off on D. into 24. Steve Harvey brought the house down again. He…………. his show………….a lot of jokes. A. peppered - with B. salted - down C. seasoned - with D. sugared - Ø 25. Her husband walked out…………. her and their three children. A. on B. of C. to D. from 26. When the book was made into a screenplay, we decided to …………. some of the comical anecdotes. A. miss out B. amount to C. cutout D. tot up 27. It's hard to find accommodation during the high season, so the whole family were………….up in a small room.
A. penciled B. penned C. papered D. booked 28. A gang of young men were booted …………. the pub for fighting.
A. away from B. up with C. down on D. out of 29. My teacher advises me to juice …………. my presentation with more colorful illustrations. A. down B. up C. over D. off 30. We are fed up with him. He keeps…………., his new girlfriend.
A. snaking away into B. horsing around with C. rabbiting on about D. ducking out of
IV. COLLOCATIONS & IDIOMS (5 PTS)
31. She is a typical modern woman who ………….the double burden of childcare and full-time work.
A. shoulders B. falls on C. lifts D. lightens 32. I'm going to call George’s………….- I don't believe he’ll really carry out his threat. A. blood B. bluff C. bid D. brave 33…………..by their new finds, the archeologists say they had made dramatic new finds of Viking settlements.
A. Buoyed up B. Irked out C. Sounded off D. Perked up 34. Sarah looks back at her childhood on a tiny island through………….; she refuses to remember the difficulties she experienced.
A. wishful thinking B. a sweeping statement C. rose-coloured spectacles D. a mixed blessing 35. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are such permissive parents that their son can………….no matter what he insists. A. jump on the bandwagon B. go against the grain C. make their blood boil D. wind them around his little finger
36. The tailor found a………….in making high-quality suits for very tall and very heavy gentlemen. A. legal tender B. backing store C. niche market D. rummage sale
37. You shouldn’t tell the group about Dad’s problems because you don’t…………. A. blow your own trumpet B. go out on a limb C. air your dirty laundry D. steal his thunder
38. After being woken up by the sound of someone moving around, she returned to bed and went…………. A. under a cloud B. out like a light C. as the driven snow D. like a wind
39. All of these knock-off superhero movies are clearly………….on the back of the original franchise. A. taking B. getting C. riding D. waking
40. Living apart from each other, Mike and Tara have been talking………….for a year now. A. off and on B. as a matter of course C. till the cows come home D. in the least
V. GUIDED CLOZE (10 PTS)
Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each space.
PASSAGE A:
Is Prince William an embryonic bard? A research team in Germany claim they have found evidence that he is descended from Shakespeare and may thus have inherited literary genius.
Frustrated by a lack of first-hand evidence, researchers trying to (41) ………….together details of the Bard’s life have long turned to his sonnets as the only words of his that might be autobiographical. For centuries, academics have been trying to solve the (42) ………….riddle of the ‘Dark Lady’, the mystery person to whom Shakespeare addressed his sonnets. Those involved in the most recent detective (43) …… have come up with some evidence that the Bard’s bloodline is linked to the youngest generation of the royal family.
This bold claim is (44)…………. by clues hidden in paintings of a previously unidentified noblewoman, to be named by a German academic team as Shakespeare’s dark-haired lover. They were assisted by forensic experts from the German police.
But who was the Dark Lady? So many (45)………….theories have been advanced that some scholars have abandoned the search. In fact, the answer may be (46)…………. us in the face. According to one eminent academic, a portrait of the mystery woman is on show in Hampton Court Palace in London, (47) …………. it is known as The Persian Lady. She argues that the pregnant woman depicted there is Elizabeth Vernon, a lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth, who, after an illicit affair with Shakespeare, went on to marry his patron. (48) …………. this woman, Elizabeth, third Countess of Southampton, bore Shakespeare a daughter, Penelope, who grew up to tie the (49)………….with William, second Baron spencer, and their descendant was the father of Diana, Princess of Wales and grandfather of Prince William.
So far, Prince William 's talents have shown themselves in the sports field. But who knows? His uncle, Earl Spencer, did after all receive world-wide acclaim for his (50) …………. at the funeral of his sister 41. A. part B. mold C. piece D. weld 42. A. enticing B. appalling C. tantalizing D. petrifying 43. A. series B. hunt C. wave D. thread 44. A. held up B. rallied round C. backed up D. stuck up for 45. A. rival B. no-nonsense C. holistic D. orthodox 46. A. staring B. looking C. glaring D. ogling 47. A. lest B. where C. for D. while 48. A. Supposedly B. Strangely C. Knowingly D. Seemingly 49. A, loop B. bond C. hitch D. knot 50. A. monologue B. elocution C. oratory D. address
PASSAGE B:
THE CONCEPT OF EVOLUTION
Charles Darwin may well be the most controversial scientist who ever lived. Although ‘On the Origin
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of Species’ was his highly acclaimed book, he did not invent the concept of evolution. When he was a student in Edinburgh in the late 1820’s, evolution was already the (51)…………of the town. But evolution was rejected by the establishment. Those who (52)………… to evolutionary thinking were called Lamarckists, after the French scientist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck first proposed that species are not static but change over time and give (53) ………… to new species. Lamarck had presented this (54)……… in a book published in 1809. However, a correct mechanism for (55)………… species change into each other was missed out. Later on, the mechanism was discovered first by Charles Darwin and independently by Alfred Russel Wallace. From reading the economist Thomas Malthus’s works, Darwin was aware of the consequences of (56)………… growing populations. Once resources become limited, only a (57)………… of individuals can survive. Additionally, Darwin, as an (58) ………… observer of animal breeders, analysed their (59)…………and studied their results. Slowly but (60)………… , he understood that nature is like a gigantic breeder.
51. A. talk B. topic C. gossip D. subject
52. A. combined B. cohered C. cleaved D. complied
53. A. occasion B. evidence C. raise D. rise
54. A. standpoint B. mindset C. panorama D. vista
55. A. which B. how C. way D. mode
56. A. expressly B. exponentially C. exquisitely D. exclusively
57. A. plethora B. division C. portion D. fraction
58. A. agile B. arduous C. ardent D. amorous
59. A. methodologies B. methods C. manners D. behaviors
60. A. surely B. definitely C. ultimately D. clearly
IV. READING COMPREHENSION (10 PTS)
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question. PASSAGE A
“PLUM PUDDING” MODEL OF ATOMS
Throughout history, scientists have believed that the atom was the most fundamental unit of matter. However, at the end of the 19th century, new studies in atomic theory revealed that atoms were composed of even more fundamental units, in order to understand these units, scientists first had to construct a new, more comprehensive model of the atom. Because tiny atoms defy any direct observations, even with the most advanced technology or instruments, scientists conducted experiments in which they sought to observe the effects of sub-atomic particles, rather than observing the atoms themselves. The results of such demonstrations eventually helped scientists develop an atomic model with the most specific details about matter’s structure and composition, but it was a process of trial and error; there were many revisions and corrections made along the way. One of the scientists involved in this process of trial and error was J.J. Thomson.
Thomson, an Englishman, developed what came to be known as the “plum pudding” model of atomic structure in 1900 while experimenting with cathode rays. In previous experiments with cathode rays, scientists would propel gases through vacuum tubes and then observe flashes of light; they thought this light came from some nebulous substance that saturated all things. After several similar tests, Thomson determined, that these flashes of light were actually electrified particles, which he first called “corpuscles.” All gases that passed through the tubes gave off these particles, which had negative charges that caused them to glow. Through his observations, Thomson also discovered that, like atoms, these corpuscles were found in all forms of matter, yet they were even smaller than atoms. Essentially, Thomson had found out that the fundamental units of matter were composed of even smaller particles themselves, and Thomson’s corpuscles came to be known as electrons.
Thomson now knew that atoms contained electrons, but he was not certain how electrons were arranged within the atom. Thomson proposed a “plum pudding" model of atoms where several electrons were scattered randomly in a positively charged field, like plums in a pudding. In this model, atoms
themselves were mostly empty space because the charged field was not solid, so other particles could pass through it without obstruction. Later studies confirmed that atoms were mostly empty space, but the plum pudding model still had some inaccuracies. For instance, Thomson proposed that atoms were uniform for all elements. He also thought that electrons could move in elliptical orbits that were stabilized by the positively charged field. The further an electron moved from the center, the more the field would pull it back in place.
A decade later, another scientist, Ernest Rutherford, performed experiments that would debunk the “plum pudding” model and correct many of its inaccuracies. Rutherford fired several particles through a thin sheet of gold foil, speculating that they should all pass through or be slightly deflected. While most of the particles did pass, a small number were directly reflected off the sheet. Rutherford concluded that there were small clusters of matter that reflected the particles, so an atom wasn’t completely empty space. It also had a nucleus, or a concentrated center. He also deduced something else: the positive charge wasn’t in an insubstantial energy field but in a relatively dense, central cluster of particles - this meant that electrons were on the outside.
Rutherford’s critical discovery established a different model of the atom, one in which the atom has a nucleus and electron orbits. Rutherford constructed this atomic model based on both his own discoveries and previous atomic models. This new model also compared the nucleus’s pull on electrons to the sun’s gravitational pull on Earth and other planets. Future models would expand upon this concept and figure in quantum factors to electron orbits;- this ultimately led to the realization that only certain amounts of electrons could be placed in certain orbits. Further improvements to the atomic model also established that different elements had different number of electrons, protons, and neutrons. The various models would build upon previous discoveries and inaccuracies in order to advance understanding of atomic theory.
61. The phrase “such demonstrations” in the passage refers to A. observations B. experiments C. movements D. results
62. According to paragraph 1, what can be inferred about atomic models?
A. They are no longer considered to be of much importance to science. B. Many early models had to be proven incorrect before a workable model was found. C. They are inherently inaccurate because they must be based on indirect observations. D. They developed only as more powerful microscopes became available.
63. The word “nebulous” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. blazing B. indistinct C. fractured D. limited 64. The word “them” in the passage refers to A. particles B. gases C. tubes D. charges 65. According to paragraph 2, what was J.J. Thomson’s discovery? A. the electron B. the cathode ray C. the atom . D. the vacuum tube 66. The word “obstruction” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. osmosis B. detonating C. interference D. accelerating 67. According to the information in paragraph- 3, what aspect of Thomson’s theory was confirmed by later scientists?
A. Electrons are scattered in atoms. B. Atoms have an outer positive field, C. Atoms are uniform for all matter. D. Atoms are mostly empty space. 68. The word “debunk” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. support B. disprove C. amend D. ignore 69. According to paragraph 4, Ernest Rutherford discovered that A. atoms had mass in their centers. B. electrons had quantum factors, C. all matter emitted electrons. D. particles always went through atoms.
70. Based on the information in paragraph 5, what can be inferred about Rutherford’s model for the atom? A. It heavily borrowed details from the “plum pudding” model. B. It is currently the scientifically accepted model for the atom, C. It is controversial and competing with other atomic models.
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D. It also had flaws and inaccuracies that were later corrected.
PASSAGE B
SET ASIDE TIME EACH DAY
Most of us can fine 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. It may be a free period or a regular wait, say in the queue for a bus or meal- even while eating breakfast. One famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each night. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2-30 a.m. made no difference. Even if you cannot keep to this kind of discipline, it is a good idea to make sure you always have a general interest book in your pocket. Don’t forget it should be a book which entertains you and the English must not be too difficult for you.
Check your progress through pacing
Nearly all speed reading courses have a “pacing” element - some timing device which lets the student know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are reading. How do you know when 5 minutes have passed on your watch if you are busy reading the book? Well, this is difficult at first. A friend can help by timing you over a set period, or you can read within hearing distance of a public clock which strikes the quarter hours. Pace yourself every three or four days, always with the same kind of easy, general interest book. You should soon notice your habitual w.p.m. rate creeping up.
Check comprehension
Obviously there is little point in increasing your w.p.m. rate if you do not understand what you are reading. When you are consciously trying to increase your reading speed, stop after every chapter (if you are reading a novel) or every section or group of ten or twelve pages (if it is a textbook) and ask yourself a few questions about what you have been reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter.
“Lightning speed” exercise
Try this from time to time. Take four or five pages of the general interest book you hap pen to be reading at that time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. Now go back and read them at what you feel to be your “normal” w.p.m. rate, the rate at which you can comfortably understand. After a “lightning speed” read through (probably around 600 w.p.m.) you will usually find that your “normal” speed has increase – perhaps by as much as 50 -100 w.p.m. This is the technique athlete s use when they habitually run further in training than they will have to on the day of the big race.
71. The passage recommends setting as ide for reading practice
A. two hours a day B. one hour a day
C. 15 minutes or half an hour a day D. three times a day before meals
72. One famous surgeon always made it a rule to read
A. for 15 minutes at 10 p.m. each night.
B. at least 15 minutes at bedtime C . at least 15 minutes at either 10 p.m. or 2.30 a.m. D. whether he had a spare moment.
73. It is a good idea always to carry in your pocket A. a book you will never forget B. a serious book C. several books of various kinds D. an easy and entertaining English book
74. A “ pacing ” device
A. times a student’s reading speed B. is not included in most speed reading courses C. is an aid to vocabulary learning D. should be used whenever we read alone.
75. Looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes
A. avoids the need f or reading faster B. is not the same as pacing C. is not easy at first D. help you to remember the page number you were at last time
76. The passage recommends pacing yourself A. every two days with different kinds of book B. every three or four days with the same kind of book C. every week with the same kind of book D. as often as you read a book
77. When you are reading a novel the passage advises you to pause to check the content A. every chapter B. every hour C. every three or four pages D. after every page
78. The purpose of pausing for though t every chapter so often is to A. rest the eyes B. make sure you have not missed any pages C. make sure you really understand what you have read D. prevent brain fatigue
79. If you have lost the thread of a story you are reading, the passage recommends A. choosing an easier book B. glancing back over the chapter you have just read C. asking a friend to help you with the difficult words D. learning the previous chapter by heart 80. The purpose of the lightning speed exercise is to A. increase your normal speed by practicing at a very high rate B. get through the book in half the time so that you can go on to the next C. help you understand more of the content of the book D. enable you to win reading races against your friends
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. CLOZE TEST (20 PTS)
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
PASSAGE A
Chewing gum, (1)…………. now considered the ultimate junk food and the national dish of the gormless, turns out to have a positive effect on cognitive performance. In the first intellectual victory for supporters of progressive education in many years, it seems that the teacher (2)…………. the child at the back of the class to ‘spit it out’ has got it (3)………….wrong. The Human Cognitive Neuro-Science Unit at the University of Northumbria has tested the thinking and memory of those who chew gum. The results show that gum-chewers perform far better in cognitive tests than those who did not partake. This new information makes many things clear that were previously (4)………….in mystery. It was (5)………….of Gerald Ford that he could walk and chew gum at the same time. That he proved so bad at walking and was constantly falling over was seen as a (6)………….that he was not up to the job. Now it is apparent that faced with the choice between walking and masticating he picked wisely. Even though he fell down the steps of many aircraft, his performance (7)………….he reached the ground was greatly enhanced.
The beneficial effects of gum may come as a surprise to some, but chewers themselves, (8)………… intellectually superior to everyone else, of course, have been aware of gum 's advantages for years. Sadly, some politicians want to tax gum to pay for the price of. scraping discarded pieces from the street. It can confidently be predicted that such small-mindedness (9)…………. non-chewers will leave the mouths of gum consumers everywhere gaping (10)…………. .
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KINGSTON
Overwhelming and fascinating in equal (1)…………. , Kingston is quite unlike anywhere else in the Caribbean. (2)…………. its troubled reputation, it’s hardly surprising that few tourists visit, and while the scare stories are absurdly exaggerated, Kingston is certainly not a place for the faint-hearted. In the 1950’s, Ian Fleming called it a "tough city", and that still (3)………….true today. Jamaica’s capital is rough and (4) …………., a little uncompromising, but always exciting and absorbing. With just under 600,00 residents, Kingston (5)…………. with life, noise and activity, and if you venture downtown, you’ll see the (6)…………. edges. Nonetheless, the capital offers a look at a side of Jamaica that couldn't be more different from the resorts. As well as being the seat of government and the island’s administrative centre, Kingston is Jamaica’s cultural heart, the city that spawned Bob Marley, Buju Banton, Beenie Man and countless other reggae stars. If you do decide to visit - and it's well worth the effort for anyone with even a (7)…………. interest in Jamaican culture – you’ll find that not only is it easy to steer clear (8)…………. the troubled areas, but that there’s (9) ………….of the persistent harassment that bedevils parts (10) …… the north coast.
II. WORD FORMATION (20 PTS)
PART 1:
Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. Copernicus justified his innovation by citing …………. authorities. (PEACH)
2. The strike was engineered by a handful of …………. who whined about the smallest issues.(CONTENT)
3. The attorney’s rambling………….in court proved that he was unprepared for the trial and was flying by the seat of his pants. (TEM PORARY)
4. While the restaurant's kitchen is not overly attractive, its …………. layout allows the cooks to prepare meals quickly and competently. (UTILIZE)
5. Inside the American Museum of Natural History were…………. preserved specimens of wild animals, which beckoned every tourist to enter and take photographs. (TAXI)
6. It’s very difficult to tell the…………. difference between the identical twins. (MEASURE)
7. The president visited a local community on the outskirts of Da Nang in the immediate………….of Typhoon Damrey. (MATH)
8. In order to raise funds for impoverished musicians, an auction of Beatles………….is to be held next week. (MEMORY)
9. The doctor prescribed …………. drugs to reduce the old man’s arthritis. (FLAME)
10. Immigration has played a significant role in the development of the US economy; however, this ever increasing ………….of the nation’s population will bring about a whole new set of challenges.
(GENEROUS)
PART 2:
Complete tile passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
ascend deny fulfill long multitude odd possess prove right vary
DICKENS AND HIS WORLD
With the circulation of Pickwick Papers in 1836, young Dickens enjoyed an unprecedented (11)……… into the favour of the British reading public. He magnificently (12)…………… a theory that his fame would disappear just as quickly as it had come. He remained until his death 34 years later (13)…………… the most popular novelist the English-speaking world had ever known.
The public displayed an insatiable appetite for his works, and there was also a great diffusion of them
through (14)…………… dramatic adaptations (nearly all completely unauthorized, the (15)…………… laws being weaker).
His immense popularity was based on the widespread perception of him as a great champion of the poor and (16)……………against all forms of injustice and abuse of power. In his personal life, however, he was incapable of achieving the level of (17)………… that he enjoyed with the public, and all his close
emotional relationships with women (18)…………… ended in failure. Yet out of his needs and fears, his disappointments and his (19)…………… , Dickens created an extraordinary range and variety of female characters. They live on in our minds and our culture in all their (20)…………… and distinctiveness, unlike any other female characters created by Victorian novelists, no matter how well they may have understood women.
III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 PTS)
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.
AN UGLY HABIT
Smoking is one of the most common and dead habits in the world. You have probably seen thousand of cigarettes smoked in your life time, but perhaps not by your family. Even though few people smoke today than in the past, one in every four adults still smokes, and there are parts of the world where smoking is increasing. Most people who become regular smokers started when they were young. This is the time to get the facts straight: smoking does no one not good, and it does a great number of harm to your health. It also often means giving up a lot later in life, such as the chance to excel in sports, extra spending money, and even years of one's life. There is much to lose. Most smokers have a hard time explaining why they started - and why they continue. They know it is harmful, and much even know someone who has died for a smoking-related illness, like lung cancer or heart disease. But at the same time, these smokers continue lighting up when they go out for a drink, take a break from work, or hear alarmed news. Some smokers even light up when they learn about the dangers of smoking, because they become worried. Whatever the reason people start smoking, the habit soon loses its attraction. Apart from the obvious health risks, smoking is an ugly, unpleasant habit. Most people would prefer avoiding a room that someone was filling with smelly smoke.
1………………. 2………………. 3……………….
4………………. 5………………. 6……………….
7………………. 8………………. 9………………. 10………
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 PTS)
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given
1. I'm not in the habit of sleeping in the afternoon.
→ Rarely……………………………………………………………………………
2. So smart and flexible was the coach’s tactics that Vietnam’s national football team achieved a great success in the AFC Championship
→ It was ……………………………………… Vietnam’s national football team to the victory in the AFC Championship.
3. I know he has tried hard; but his work is unacceptable.
→ I know he has tried hard; be……………………………………were good enough.
4. it is common knowledge that a cooked meal is far more nutritious than junk food.
→ Junk food can nowhere ……………………………………………… belief.
5. I didn’t have the faintest idea about the quirks of the antiques business, so I couldn’t give you any advice. (KEN)
→ Had ………………………………………………………………
6. His parents allowed him to buy an iPhone X after they had considered it for three weeks. (GO-AHEAD)
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→ Having mulled …………………………………………………………
7. Although the people here are of the working class, they are kindness and honesty personified. (SALT)
→ Notwithstanding their…………………………………………………………
8. Tom is forever teasing Daisy for having spoonerism. (MICKEY)
→ On account…………………………………………………………………….
9. It was about time I went over there and made up with her. (OLIVE)
→ It was about time………………………………………………………………
10. Remember to check out our thirteen language learning tips! (BAKER)
→ Remember to…………………………………………………………………..
TRƯỜNG THPT MẠC ĐĨNH CHI TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
I. PHONOLOGY (5 PTS)
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others 1. A. fathom B. feather C. anthem D. southern 2. A. blizzard B. puzzle C . pizza D. drizzle 3. A. libel B. revival C . liable D. liberal 4. A. saboteur B. amateur C. entrepreneur D. hauteur 5. A. tabulate B. draconian C . sanctuary D. plateau
Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the others 6. A. tuberculosis B. mathematician C. psychopathology D. complimentary 7. A. infamous B. impotent C. affidavit D. inventory 8. A. expertise B. hypocrisy C. respiratory D. paralysis 9. A. sanctuary B. perseverance C. practicality D. conscientious 10. A. peninsula B. pneumonia C. metropolis D. euphemism
II. WORD CHOICE (5 PTS)
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences 11. The drought…………….considerable problems for farmers. A. instigated B. posed C. flexed D. pressed 12. Simon…………….in me on the understanding that I wouldn’t tell anyone else. A. confided B. trusted C. confessed D. disclosed 13. Would passengers please……………. from using any electronic equipment until the plane is airborne? A. exclude B. resist C. restrain D. refrain 14. We talked to each other all night and resolved some of our problems. It' good to have a proper ……… sometimes. A. head-to-head B. heart-to-head C. head-to-heart D. heart-to-heart 15. My father…………….when he found out that I’d damaged the car. A. hit the roof B. saw pink elephants C. made my blood boil D. brought the house down 16. The optician says you have to wear glasses, like it or…………….it. A. jump B. lump C. dislike D. loathe 17. You will be putting your life on the…………….if you take up skydiving. A. ground B. way C. lane D. line 18. His friends and family left him in the ……………. when he went bankrupt. A. church B. lurch C. end D. street 19. Hotel rooms must be…………….by noon, but luggage must be left with the porter. A. vacated B. evacuated C. abandoned D. left 20. Tara was really laying it on ……………. about her accident at work. A. fine B. broad C. thick D. thin
III. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (5 PTS)
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 21. Unsalted butter is best for this recipe, but …………. that, margarine will do. A. except B. failing C. for all of D. given 22. In front of the door………….. A. a dog sat B. was seated a dog C. seated a dog D. was a dog seating 23. Every Christmas of my childhood was the same. My father…………. late for lunch, weighed down with presents for the family.
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A. would arrive B. had arrived C. was arriving D. was used to arriving 24. I would never have entered the woods so slightly …………. I was trespassing on his domain. A. did I know B. for all I knew C. I had known D. had I known 25. The sudden expansion of heated air associated with lightning produces………….often heard during a storm.
A. thunder is the rumbling sound B. the rumbling sound, thunder is C. the rumbling sound, thunder, that D. thunder, the rumbling sound 26. We all decreed that …………..
A. there be an end to their quarrel B. their quarrel should put an end to C. they ended their quarrel then D. their quarrel be coming to an end 27. I'd rather you…………..a noise last night; I couldn't get to sleep. A. wouldn’t make B. hadn't made C. didn’t make D. haven’t made 28. Sally would prefer to pursue her studies………….. to look for a job. A. rather than start B. to starting C. rather than starting D. than to start 29. This car is…………..of the two models in the showroom. A. the more modern B. the most modern C. more modern D. one of the most modern 30. ‘Well, I first came here last June,’ – ‘So by the end of May you…………..with us for almost a year.’ A. will have been working B. are going to have worked C. will have working D. will work
IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 PTS)
31. She played…………..the fact that I’d enjoyed studying Shakespeare at school and suggested that I audition for a part. A. off B. over C. by D. up 32. I was so tired that I just………….. in the armchair. A. flaked out B. broke up C. dropped out D. fell over 33. We hadn’t ………….. such heavy traffic; and we were delayed for hours. A. gone in for B. set about C. worked out D. bargained for 34. Two of the students in our class are identical twins and most of the teachers can’t …………... A. see between them B. tell them apart C. see them through D. find them between 35. I’ve never met my boss’s wife but,………….. , she’s a very nice woman. A. by all accounts B. under discussion C. out of kindness D. on bail 36. During the lead-up to Christmas, many teachers have so much work that they get completely ……… A. covered up B. washed off C. snowed under D. rubbed out 37. I'm afraid that the facts don’t…………..your theory. A. pull off B. check out C. show off D. bear out 38. How did you come…………..that wonderful painting over there? A. about B. in for C. by D. out with 39. I wouldn’t…………..too much into her comments, I’m sure they were meant as a joke. A. draw B. see C. take D. read 40. He refused to…………..on why he took such an unexpected decision.
A. elaborate B. amplify C. account D. clarify
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10
PTS)
Rea d the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
PASAGE 1:
How a man uses money - makes it, saves it, and spends it - is perhaps one of the best tests of practical
wisdom. Although money ought by no means to be regarded as a chief end of mail's life, neither is it a trifling matter, to be held in philosophic contempt, representing as it does to so large an extent, the means of physical comfort and social well-being. Indeed, some of the finest qualities of human nature are intimately related to the right use of money; such as generosity, honesty, justice, and self - sacrifice; as well as the practical virtues of economy and providence. On the other hand, there are their counterparts of avarice, fraud, injustice, and selfishness, as displayed by the inordinate lovers of gain; and abuse the means entrusted to them. "So that", as it wisely observed by Henry Taylor in his thoughtful "Notes from Life", "a right measure and manner in getting, saving, spending, giving, taking, lending, borrowing, and bequeathing, would almost argue a perfect man".
Comfort in worldly circumstances is a condition which every man is justified in striving to attain by all worthy means. It secures that physical satisfaction, which is necessary for the culture of the better part of his nature; and enables him to provide for those of his own household. Nor ought the duty to be any the less indifferent to us, that the respect which our fellow men entertain for us in no slight degree depends upon the manner in which we exercise the opportunities which present themselves for our honorable advancement in life. The very effort required to be mad e to succeed in life with this object, is of itself an education; stimulating a man’s sense of self-respect, bringing out his practical qualities, and disciplining him in the exercise of patience, perseverance, and such like virtues. The provident and careful man must necessarily be a thoughtful man, for he lives mot merely for the present, but with provident forecast makes arrangements for the future. He must also be a temperate man, and exercise the virtues of self-denial, than which nothing is so much calculated to give strength to the character. John Sterling says truly, that "the worst education which teaches self denial is better than the best which teaches everything else, and not that." The Romans rightly employed the same word (virtus) to designate courage, which is in a physical sense what the other is in moral; the highest virtue of all being victory over ourselves.
41. What is the main idea of his passage?
A. Wealthy people and poor people can both be virtuous. B. Money is insignificant. C. Money is the most important thing in the world. D. The way a person handles money indicates his or her general character.
42. The author’s purpose in writing this essay is…… A. to teach people how to earn a great deal of money B. to warn readers about the dangers of greed C. to describe the life of a wealthy person D. to convince the reader that proper money management is a sign of good character
43. Which is the best synonym for the word “providence”?
A. prudence B. fate C. sustenance D. doom
44. What would be the author's response to those who say that poverty is noble?
A. The author would agree with this statement.
B. In order to cultivate other virtues a person must have money.
C. Once a person gets rich, they can start worrying about self-discipline.
D. The Romans believed that poor people are evil.
45. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Henry Taylor?
A. admiring B. condescending C. skeptical D. disgusted
46. What does the author imply by saying that money provides “physical satisfaction, which is necessary for the cultivation of the better part of his nature”?
A. People are friendlier after they have had a hot bath
B. In order to improve oneself in more lofty ways, one must attain the basic necessities.
C. The most important thing in life is physical pleasure
D. Money can only provide physical pleasure
47. What does the author mean by the comment “The very effort required to be made to succeed in life
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with this object, is of itself an education”?
A. In order to earn money a person needs to go to college.
B. Money makes people seem smarter than they are.
C. That learning to manage money effectively entails learning a number of other valuable skills.
D. Only intelligent people can earn money.
48. Why must the "provident and careful man" be a thoughtful man?
A. Because he has earned a great deal of money.
B. Because he is familiar with the works of Henry Taylor.
C. Because he gives most of his money to charity.
D. Because he must always.be planning for the future.
49. The author brings up the Roman word for courage to illustrate ……………
A. his knowledge of the classics
B. that people throughout history have valued money
C. that self-discipline is less important than physical bravery
D. that self-discipline is similar to physical bravery
50. What is the definition of the word temperate as it is used in this essay?
A. moderate B. irritated C. self-denying D. warm
PASSAGE 2:
MUSICAL TALENT
Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowed, musical talent appears earliest in life. Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons. Some develop exceptional skill as a result of a well - designed instructional regime, such as the Suzuki method for the violin. Some have a good fortune to be born into musical family in a household filled with music. In a number of interesting cases, musical talent is part of an otherwise disabling condition such as autism or mental retardation. A musically gifted child has an inborn talent, however, the extent to which the talent is expressed publicly will depend upon the environment in which the child lives.
Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of music, including pitch and rhythm. Pitch - or - melody - is more central cultures, for example, in Eastern societies that make use of tiny quarter - tone interval. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and grouped according to a prescribed system, is emphasized in sub - Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic ratios can be very complex
All children have some aptitude for making music. During infancy, normal children sing as well as babble, and they can produce individual sounds and sounds pattern. Infants as young as two months can match their mother’s songs in pitch, loudness, and melodic shape, and infants at four months can match rhythmic structure as well. Infants are especially predisposed to acquire these core aspects of music, and they can also engage in sound play that clearly exhibits creativity.
Individual differences begin to merge in young children as they learn to sing. Some children can match segments of a song by the age of two or three. Many others can only approximate pitch at this age and may still have difficulty in producing accurate melodies by the age of five or six. However, by the time they reach school age, most children in any culture have a schema of what a song should be like and can produce a reasonably accurate imitation of the songs commonly heard in their environment.
The early appearance of superior musical ability in some children providence that musical talent may be separate and unique form of intelligence. There are numerous tales of young artist who have a remarkable "ear" or extraordinary memory for music and a natural understanding of musical structure. In many of these cases, the child is average in every other-way but displays an exceptional ability in music. Even the most gifted child, however, takes about ten year to achieve the levels of performance or composition that would constitute mastery of the musical sphere.
Every generation in music history has it famous prodigies - individuals with exceptional musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began
composing and performing at the age of six. As a child, Mozart could play piano like an adult. He had perfect pitch, and at the age of nine he was also a master of the art of modulation - transition from one key to another - which became one of the hallmarks of his style. By the age of eleven, he had composed three symphonies and 30 other major works. Mozart’s well - developed talent was preserved into adulthood. Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic of certain anomalies such as autism. In one case, an autistic girl was able to "Happy Birthday" in the style of various composers, including Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert. When the girl was three, her mother called her by playing incomplete melodies, which the child would complete with the appropriate tone in the proper octave. For the autistic child, music may be the primary mode of communication, and the child may cling to music because it represent as a haven as a world that is largely confusing and frightening.
51. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information, in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1?
A. Children may be born with superior musical ability, but their environment will determine how this ability is developed.
B. Every child is naturally gifted, and it is responsibility of the public schools to recognize and develop these talents.
C. Children with exceptional musical talent will look for the best way to express themselves through music - making.
D. Some musically talented children live in an environment surrounded by music, while others have little exposure to music.
52. The author makes the point that musical elements such as pitch and rhythm…………. A. distinguish music from other art forms B. vary in emphasis in different cultures C. make music difficult to learn D. express different human emotions
53. The word "predisposed" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to…………. A. inclined B. gifted C. pushed D. amused 54. According the passage, when does musical talent usually begin to appear?
A. When infants start to babble and produce sound patterns B. Between the ages of two and four months C. When children learn to sing.at two or three years old D. Between ten years old and adolescence
55. According the passage, which of the following suggests that musical talent in the separate form of intelligence?
A. Exceptional musical ability in an otherwise average child . B. Recognition of the emotional power of music C. The ability of all babies to acquire core elements of music D. Differences between learning music and learning language
56. Why does the author discuss Mozart in paragraph 6?
A. To compare past and present views of musical talent B. To give an example of a well - known musical prodigy C. To list musical accomplishments of the eighteenth century D. To describe the development of individual musical skill
57. In music, the change from one key to another is known as………... A. Rhythm B. Prodigy C. perfect pitch D. modulation
58. All of the following are given as example of exceptional musical talent EXCEPT…………
A. a remarkable “ear” or perfect memory for music B. ability to compose major works at a young age C. appreciation for a wide variety of musical styles D. playing a single song in the style of various composers
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59. The word "haven" in paragraph 7 is closest meaning to ………...
A. Beautiful art B. Safe place C. personal goal D. simple problem
60. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about exceptional musical ability?
A. It occurs more frequently in some cultures than in others.
B. It is evidence of a superior lever of intelligence in other areas,
C. It has been documented and studied but is little understood.
D. It is the result of natural talent and a supportive environment.
VI. CLOZE TESTS: (10 PTS)
Rea d the texts below and decide which answer best Fits each space.
PASSAGE 1:
There can be no doubt at all that the internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the internet, hardly (61)………….doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (62)………….to find out why the internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (63)…………. their computer?
Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours, (64)………….in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (65)…………. of the internet, and the child should give his or her (66)…………. that it won’t interfere with the homework. If the child is not (67)…………. to this arrangement, the parents can take more drastic steps. Dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behaviour.
Any parent who is seriously alarmed about a child’s behavior should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (68)………….affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (69)…………. crazy about using the internet, he or she is probably just (70) …………. through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!
61. A. always B. rarely C. never D. ever 62. A. worried B. concerned C. curious D. hopeful 63. A. staring at B. glancing at C. looking D. watching 64. A. supposed B. occupied C. interested D. absorbed 65. A. do B. have C. make D. create 66. A. word B. promise C. vow D. claim 67. A. holding B. sticking C. following D. accepting 68. A. possibly B. necessarily C. probably D. consequently 69. A. absolutely B. more C. quite D. a lot 70. A. going B. passing C. travelling D. walking
PASSAGE 2:
The PBT is a pencil and (71)……….. test that is offered for two purposes. One purpose of the PBT is for (72)………..and process evaluation. Colleges or other institutions use the PBT to test-their students. The scores are not valid outside of the place where they are (73)……….., but the college or institution accepts the PBT that they administered as an official score. This PBT is also (74) ……….. an Institution TOEFL. The (75) ……….. purpose of the PBT is (76)………..the official Computer-Based TOEFL in areas where computer-based testing is not possible. The scores are usually valid outside of the place where they are administered. This PBT is also called a Supplement TOEFL.
The Paper-Based TOEFL has three parts: Listening Comprehension, Structure and Written Expression, and Reading. (77)……….. , the TEST of Written English (TWE) is an essay that is required to provide a (78)………..score. The PBT is a (79)………..test, which means that everyone who takes the TOEFL during the same administration will see and answer the same questions. The (80)………..score is based on
a scale of 310-677.
71. A. note-paper B. letter C. draft D. paper 72. A. place B. placing C. placement D. placeability 73. A. administered B. managed C. controlled D. protected 74. A. called B. seemed C. considered D. appeared 75. A. some B. other C. another D. main 76. A. supplement B. to supplement C. supplementing D. supplemented 77. A. In other words B. On the other hand C. Besides D. In addition 78. A. reading B. speaking C. listening D. writing 79. A. style B. form C. standard D. linear 80. A. total B. final C. whole D. all
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS)
I. OPEN CLOZE TESTS (20 PTS)
Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.
CLOZE TEST 1:
Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according to some experts. They argue that the stress encountered in our daily lives is not only good for us, but (1) ............. . to survival. They say that the response to stress, which creates a chemical called adrenalin, helps the mind and body to act quickly in emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile (2)............. .which exist on the planet.
Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life, what is surprising is that we are yet to (3). ........... successful ways of dealing with them. Even the experts consider the current strategies to be inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that instead of trying to manage our (4)............. . to stress with drugs or relaxation techniques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that people who create conditions of stress for (5)...............by doing exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope much better with life’s problems. Activities of this type have been shown to create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely (6 )............... But there is a point at which they realise they have succeeded and know that it was a positive experience. This is because we learn through (7)................ and difficulty. That’s how we get our wisdom. Few of us, (8 )............. . understand this fact. For example, many people believe they (9)............... from stress at work, and take time off as a result. Yet it has been found in some companies that by far the healthiest people are those with the most responsibility. So next time you’re in a (10)........... . situation, just remember that it will be a positive learning experience and could also benefit your health!
CLOZE TEST 2:
The issue of fate or free will is a very controversial one and has been debated (11) .............. the beginning of the fifth century. The question was first addressed by Saint Augustine. Is man’s existence (12)........... ...by fate or by free will?
Belief in free will is based on the conviction that humans have a hand in shaping their own lives and, therefore, are ultimately responsible for their own actions. This theory, called existentialism, was derived from the ideas of a Danish philosopher and later made popular by a French writer. The theory (13)..... man as a unique and isolated individual in a violent and (14)...............world, able to choose his own destiny.
On the other side of the coin, the theory of predestination is based on the belief that everything which happens has been (15)............... by God and that man is not able to change it. So, the fork in the road of life seemingly offering man a choice between two very different paths, may not exist in reality. If this is true, can man be held responsible for his actions? If choices are beyond our (16) ............ , are we wasting endless hours of our time trying to come to a decision that has already been made for us? Can the man who murders his neighbour be (17) ............... for doing so simply because he had no choice?
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In trying to answer these kinds of questions, many philosophies have developed compromises between the two (18)...............One such theory developed in the seventeenth century (19)............... that human actions are formed according to past experiences but that through the use of imagination and reason man can turn these past experiences into foresight, therefore allowing him to shape his future.
Whatever theories are formed, the controversial (20)............... remains for public debate even today. But, perhaps, simply by choosing to believe in the philosophy of fate or that of free will, man is in fact creating his own life. Existentialism or predestination - which do you choose to believe in?
II. WORD FORMS: (20 PTS)
PART 1: Give the correct forms of the words in brackets
1. He left us with the .................. impression that we had been speaking to a future leader. (ERADICATE)
2. At college I became a social.............. ...... because I didn’t like going out in the evenings. (FIT)
3. I'm looking for a travel insurance policy that will cover me for any.................... (EVENT)
4. He has abandoned all ambition to become president and is now ..................wholly by altruism. (ACTUAL)
5. Of course there were some................... problems along the way but eventually we got the project finished. (LOOK)
6. Every attempt is being made to ensure that these works of art are preserved for ....... .......... (POST)
7. He’s been nominated for..................thanks to his diligence and professionalism. (PREFER)
8. Can’t believe her car can be so.................... refuelling once every two days, how costly! (PETROL)
9. The vigorous exercises are designed to be.................. ....Participants will feel energetic and lifelike after taking them. (TENSE)
10. Many MBA courses are highly theoretical, esoteric and impractical, instead of being ................. .as they should. (BUSINESS)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
appetite believe create deny fish marvel mix origin resist resource
The English are famous for talking about the weather but listen to any Italian conversation and it will normally be about cookery.
One of the most famous Italian sauces is pesto. Made from a (11)............... of garlic, basil, pine nuts, cheese and olive oil, it is (12)............... delicious. We all buy it from the supermarket, but you have to try the (13)................. from its home, Genoa, to really experience it. The word pesto means ‘to pound’ and it is the action of the pestle and mortar which is all important for this (14)............... sauce. Along with the best basil and local olive oil, the pesto makers of Genoa use their wrist action to make an (15)................ pale, luscious green sauce. Genoans really take their pesto seriously, and the (16)................... of the Knights of the Confraternity of authentic pesto makers shows this. If you want to sample their cuisine, go to Genoa as I did. I visited a (17)...................village called Vernazza. Sitting in a trattoria in the harbour, the (18)....... smell of fish frying wafted over us as we tried, amongst other things, a kind of pesto called salsa di noce. It was a true culinary delight, made with the (19)................... of past Italians who couldn’t afford meat. It may sound (20) ... ............... to those of you who want meat in a meal, but you would be mad to forgo it.
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 PTS)
Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them.
With Europe facing the more serious flu epidemic in years, the World Health Organisation is warning the public, specially the sick and elderly, to do an innoculation now.
Health experts warn that this winter’s breakthrough could be as severe as the 1989 epidemic, which killed 25,000 people in Britain only.
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WHO has stressed the importance of vaccination, and several countries are already taking precautions to ensure that those at high-risk categories, such as diabetics and those with heart or lung complaints, are vaccinated.
Nearly all previous strains of ‘flu are known to originate in China and the Far East, and whereas in the past infection spreading slow across the world, in these days of mass air travel rapid global infection is a great threat.
Sweden has reported cases of para-influenza, effecting mainly children, and Danish doctors had recorded 1,500 cases of flu in the past week.
1………………. 2………………. 3……………….
4………………. 5………………. 6……………….
7………………. 8………………. 9……………….
10……………...
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20pts)
Rewrite the sentences so that they mean almost the same as the ones before them.
1. No real sportsman wants to be suspected of crowing over his opponents’ misfortunes.
→ Exulting………………………………………………………………………………...
2. Of all the myths of the Welfare State, stories of the work-shy have been the least well-founded on evidence.
→ There is less ……………………………………………………………………………
3. After strong pressure from Labour councillors, the Council agreed to reconsider the road plan.
→ The Council was ………………………………………………………………………
4. Kip Keino wasn’t just the first African international mile winner, he was a national symbol.
→ Not………………………………………………………………………………..........
5. Sam was really anxious, waiting to see if he had got a place in the cricket team. (TENTERHOOKS)
→ Sam was ……………………………………………………………………………….
6. The heir to the family fortune was eventually found to be an impostor. (EXPOSED)
→ The heir………………………………………………………………………………...
7. He claimed my point was not relevant to the proceedings. (DISMISSED)
→ He …………
8. So completely incompetent was that secretary that we lost heaps of invoices. (RANK)
→ Such………………………………………………………………………………........
9. A lot of the country’s two million unemployed will probably never work again. (MANY)
→ There are two million…………………………………………………………………..
10. It was difficult to understand her colleagues overt hostility towards her proposal. (OPENLY)
→ That her colleagues……………………………………………………………………..
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