Poultry Planner_November_2020

NOVEMBER 2020

MONTHLY BILINGUAL

R.N.I. 71668/1999

Title Code HARBIL00563

VOL. 22 | No. 09 | November - 2020

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From the Editor’s Desk Gas Emissions OUR TEAM Vishal Rai Gupta Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in Bhavana Gupta Editor-in-Chief editor.pcsl@gmail.com Siddhi Gupta Co-Editor Abhishek Soni Business Executive poultry.pcsl@gmail.com M: 999 170 5005

HONORARY EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. G.K. Rathinam Palani Tk, Dindugul Dist, Tamil Nadu Dr. J Tamizhkumaran M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D. (Ph. D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education) Mr. S.S Rathore (MVSc Poultry Science IBRI, Izatnagar) Dr. Manisha Singodia (MVSc Poultry Science, Jaipur) Dr. Annada Das (Ph. D Scholar, WBUAFS, Kolkata) Dr. M. Arul Prakash (MVSc Assistant Professor, Tanjore) Dr. B.L. Saini (Ph. D ICAR, Izatnangar) Dr. Bilawal Singh (MVSc, Assistant Professor Ludhiana)

The poultry farms can bring many pollution problems. Therefore, it is important to maintain optimal conditions for poultry production and also it should not impair the human and animal environment through emission of harmful gases.

To be profitable, farmers must use the best practices and technological advances in order to achieve the most advantageous environment. The impact on the ecological systems may result from direct release of detrimental constituents into the atmosphere or indirect deposition of these constituents into ground water. The environment in the poultry housing is a combination of physical and biological factors which interact as a complex dynamic system of social interactions, husbandry system, light, temperature and the aerial environment.

The high stocking density in the modern poultry barns may lead to reduced air quality with high concentrations of organic and inorganic dust, pathogens and other micro-organisms as well as harmful gases such as ammonia, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, and methane.

To clean used chemicals in a broiler or layer house, air cleaners are installed.

These cleaners have plastic filters which are sprinkled with liquid that captures NH3. Droplet separators are used to separate the fluid droplets from the airstream. Around 58% of the total amount of emissions that is normally discharged through the chimney is collected. Vegetative environmental buffers (trees were planted in the downstream of the exhaust air) have also been used by egg and meat producers in an attempt to reduce environmental impact of the exhaust air. More recently, wet scrubbers are being investigated with the aim to precipitate dust, NH3 and odour from the exhausted air. However, for poultry housing, the biggest challenge is the obstruction of the filtration system by feathers. The system is also rather energyintensive because extra energy is used to overcome the resistance to the air flow.

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Editorial Policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily held by the editors.

Registered as Newspaper by Registrar of Newspaper for India : RNI No. 71668/1999, Tittle Code HARBIL00563 Editorial & Advertisement may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers.

Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Poultry Planner the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein.

Publication of news, views of information is in the interest of positive poultry industrial development in India. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement.

Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited.

The submitted material will not be returned.

Publisher, Printer Mrs. Bhavana Gupta on behalf of Pixie Publication India (P) Ltd. Karnal Printed at Jaiswal Printing Press, Railway Road, Karnal Published at : C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Editor-in-Chief : Mrs. Bhavana Gupta All Legal matters are subject to karnal jurisdiction

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Articles...

Role of Betaine in Poultry Production Pratik Rajaram Jadhav

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Strategies to Combat E. Coli in Poultry Farms Justyna Andrysiak

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Winter Management In Poultry Dr. Yogesh Paharia

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Diformates: A Most Suitable Replacement For Antibiotics Anant Deshpande

THERE ARE NO LIMITS TO WHAT YOU CAN ACCOMPLISH, EXCEPT THE LIMITS YOU PLACE ON YOUR OWN THINKING. BRIAN TRACY

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Press Release Proteon Pharmaceuticals Unveils 'bafacol™', A Bacteriophage-based Feed Additive For Protecting Poultry Against E.coli Infections

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

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Role of Betaine in Poultry Production Pratik Rajaram Jadhav, Amitav Bhattacharyya and Pankaj Kumar Shukla Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura (U.P.), India

Modern intensive poultry production has attained phenomenal progress in the efficient and economical production of quality safe meat and eggs. High ambient temperature is one of the most i m p o r t a n t p ro b l e m s f o r p o u l t r y production in many regions of India.

Prolonged heat stress reduces visceral blood supply to the intestine and causes damages to epithelial cells in the gut there by affecting feed digestion and nutrient absorption (Cronje, 2007). It may also disrupt intestinal barrier increasing the likelihood of pathogenic bacteria and endotoxin entry, which can then result in excessive inflammation, decreasing production performance and possibly death (Quinteiro-Filho et al., 2012). Heat stress has negative impact on poultry production. Using feed additives having positive effects for resisting thermal stress may be a viable solution. Betaine has many important functions in the health and performance of broiler chickens, especially under conditions of heat stress. Betaine in reaction with the homocysteine has methionine saving effect, where it donates methyl group instead of methionine (Paniz et al., 2005). Betaine is an osmolyte and assists in cellular water homeostasis (Klasing et al., 2002).

Betaine supplementation in feed improves growth performance and feed intake under heat stressed condition (Hassan et al., 2005). The positive effect of betaine is due to the fact that it reduces the body temperature in chickens (Klasing et al., 2002).

Betaine as a natural plant extract has long been a known functional nutrient in poultry nutrition. Chemically, N,N,NTrimethylglycine (TMG) is a neutral, zwitterionic, quaternary ammonium compound. This naturally occurring phytogenic feed additive compound is exceptionally high in sugar beet, also

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present in other plants viz. wheat, oat, barley etc. and in animals and seafood.

Betaine was in the past mainly used as betaine anhydrous extracted from sugar beets; but, now it is available as betaine hydrochloride or betaine monophosphate, which is synthetically produced.

Use of betaine as a feed additive in the poultry diet is one of the nutritional strategies for reducing stress in the broiler. It acts as a methyl donor through methionine recycling and as an osmolyte that helps in maintaining the cellular water balance which support animals to cope with water-related stress conditions (dehydration, diarrhoea, etc.) as well as helps reducing litter moisture that aids to overcome coccidiosis and stress. Besides, betaine has multiple functions: preser ves gut integrity, improves carcass quality, spares choline and reduces the inclusion of methionine and increases nutrient digestibility. It can also be a lipotropic agent, causing reduction of back-fat to otherwise fatty animals (such as castrates), and can improve performance, notably feed efficiency.

Absorption and metabolism Betaine is rapidly absorbed in the duodenum. Absorption of betaine is more rapid than choline or methionine.

Choline and methionine are associated with plasma lipoprotein, whereas betaine remains in a free state in the plasma. It has 25% bioavailability, while 75% of it could remain at GIT intracellular level. Intracellular accumulation takes place via active ( N a + o r C l - ) a n d pa s s i ve ( N a + ) transport systems. Betaine is eliminated by metabolism, not by excretion, and catabolized via a series of enzymatic reactions that occur in the mitochondria of liver and kidney cells.

Methyl group metabolism Methyl groups are of vital importance in the metabolism of all animals, besides, animals cannot synthesize methyl groups and thus need to receive them in their diets. The methyl groups are used in methylation reactions to remethylate methionine and to formulate useful compounds such as carnitine, creatine and phosphatidylcholine through the Sadenosyl methionine pathway. Carnitine is required for transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane for oxidation. To generate methyl groups, choline can be oxidised to betaine within the mitochondria. Dietary requests of choline can be covered from choline present in (vegetable) raw materials and by the syntheses of phosphatidylcholine and choline once there is availability of Sadenosyl methionine. Regeneration of methionine occurs by betaine donating one of its three methyl groups to homocysteine, via the enzyme betainehomocysteine methyltransferase. After donation of the methyl group, one molecule of dimethylglycine (DMG) remains, which is oxidised to glycine.

Betaine supplementation has been shown to reduce homocysteine levels while resulting in modest increases of plasma serine and cysteine levels. This stimulation of betaine-dependent homocysteine remethylation and the subsequent decrease in plasma homocysteine can be maintained as long as supplemental betaine is taken. In general, animal studies show that betaine can replace choline chloride with higher efficacy and can replace part of total dietary methionine, resulting in a cheaper diet for maintaining performance.

Florou-Paneri et al. (1997) showed that between 30% and 80% of the supplemental methionine can be substituted by betaine without negative

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effects on performance. Nofal et al.

(2015) obser ved that interaction between dietary methionine concentration and betaine supplementation influenced significantly body weight gain (p<0.01) at 21 d of age and feed conversion efficiency (p<0.05) at 42 d of age.

Movement of betaine across the cell membrane does not require energy and will not interfere with cell ecosystem or cell metabolism. Betaine in feed or drinking water can control osmoregulatory conditions including diarrhoea, catharsis, diuresis and ascites.

Osmoregulation by Betaine

The dietary betaine supplementation is necessary to improve the productive performance and reduce the negative impact of heat stress on viability and immune response by improving cell osmoregulation (Graham, 2002; Wang et al., 2004; Attia et al., 2005).

Birds maintain the intracellular concentration of water that is crucial for homeostasis by osmoregulation. Betaine is thought to be an important organic osmolyte for the control of the osmotic pressure inside the intestinal epithelial cells (Hochachka and Somero, 1984).

T h e s e b e n e fi c i a l o s m o p ro te c t i ve properties may be due to the dipolar zwitterion characteristics of betaine and its high solubility in water. This compatible osmolyte increases the cytoplasmic volume and free water content of the cells at high osmolarity, and thus permit cell proliferation that increase gut surface area (Csonka, 1989).

It minimises water loss from cells against a prevailing osmotic gradient between cell and its surrounding environment.

Additionally, betaine ser ves as a stabilizer of protein and cell components against the denaturing effects of high ionic strength. Betaine is highly companionable with cellular enzyme function and structural proteins and membranes. Betaine can raise cytoplasmic osmotic pressure in stressed cells by increasing the temperature and ionic tolerance of critical enzymes and cellular membranes (Hanson et al., 1994).

The Na+ dependent active transport system of betaine is present in the duodenum and jejunum of broiler chickens. The concentration of electrolytes increases within the cell under dehydration. To regulate the desired concentration of water within the cell, K+ is pushed in to the cell against concentration gradient. To pump any ion against concentration gradient, one molecule of ATP is required. Higher concentrations of electrolytes in the cell are known to inactivate enzymes and proteins. The higher concentrations of the electrolytes bind with active sites of enzymes and thereby deactivate them.

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Heat stress Heat stress impairs overall poultry production by decreasing feed intake and negatively affecting intestinal development, leading to reduced nutrient digestibility. Heat stress increases the production of oxidants, causing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes.

Disturbance in cell structure impairs nutrient absorption, cell membrane transport and certain intracellular m e t a b o l i c p ro c e s s e s . D u e to i t s zwitterionic structure, betaine has osmoprotective properties that aid in protecting intestinal cell proteins and enzymes from environmental stress, including high ambient temperature, thereby counteracting performance losses. Betaine also exerts an osmoregulatory role in cells, regulating water balance, protect macromolecule from denaturation and this results in more stable tissue metabolism.

Supplementation of betaine reduces heterophil-lymphocyte.

In layers, heat stress can lead to respiratory alkalosis. As birds increase their respiration rate, blood CO2 level decreases and blood pH increases.

Further, the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase responsible for the transfer of carbonate ions from blood to the shell gland is reduced.

Ultimately less carbonate ion will be available for shell formation and shell quality will be reduced. Therefore, nutritional adjustments during heat s t re s s i n l a y e r s a re of o u t m o s t

importance. Betaine can help to ease the negative effects of heat stress on the cells’ metabolic functions.

However additional nutritional and m a n a g e m e n t m e a s u re s a re a l s o required to maintain shell quality. The effect of anhydrous betaine was tested with layers kept under chronic heat stress for 3 days a week (38 °C ± 1) at 32-48 week of age (Attia et al., 2016).

Results indicated that addition of anhydrous betaine had the potential to re s to re p e r f o rm a n c e of h e n s compared to the negative control treatment undergoing heat stress without any betaine in the diet. Higher laying percent and egg mass, slightly better FCR were obser ved in the betaine treated group. In addition mortality was reduced.

Nutrient Digestibility During heat stress, there is an osmotic disturbance in broiler chickens while betaine improves the structural and functional characteristics of intestinal epithelia. Improved surface area and strength of gut epithelia increases secretion of digestive enzymes and absorptive area in the intestine resulting in better absorption of nutrients.

Furthermore, betaine is involved in the metabolism of protein and energy. It stabilizes the mucosal structure of chickens by decreasing the crypt: villus ratio (Kettunen et al., 2001).

Supplementation of 0.05%–0.15% betaine enhanced crude protein digestibility by up to 11.4% in broilers (Ratriyanto et al., 2014). Ezzet et al. (2011) reported that the digestion coefficient of crude protein significantly increased by supplementing layer diet with betaine (1g/kg diet).

Production performance The variable response to betaine supplementation is likely due to the protein or methionine level of diets and differences in animals’ stress status. Also, the positive response might appear when chickens were fed a moderately m ethioni ne-deficient di et i n the presence of coccidial challenge (Neto et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2004). It is a

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chemical chaperone and helps to stabilize proteins in their natural conformation. Therefore, it may be helpful for sur vival of intestinal microorganisms under stress conditions.

Fur thermore, betaine acts as a modulator of nitric oxide synthesis, thus stimulating host defence and superoxide anion scavenging (Messadek, 2010).

Several studies have been conducted to explore the use of betaine on poultry performance. Awad et al. (2014) found using betaine at levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg diet, had significant effects on live body weights and body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and viability rate. Shaojun et al. (2015) obser ved that birds fed diet with betaine-supplementation had a higher feed intake, body weight gain and better FCR. Likewise, improvements in feed conversion ratio ranging between 2.8% and 7.9% in laying hens and pigs were noted with supplemental betaine (Eklund et al., 2006 ).

Carcass quality The improvement in percent lean meat yield may be endorsed by a higher availability of methionine and cysteine for protein deposition (McDevitt et al.

2000). It is well known that betaine has the ability to donate a methyl group donor for the synthesis of lecithin, which facilitates the transport of fat through the body. Due to the decline of the carcass fat content and an increase in the lean carcass, betaine is often considered as a “carcass modifier”. Betaine reduces protein turnover, which results in higher nitrogen retention, which in turn has a positive effect on accretion of protein in muscle (carcass leanness). In addition, betaine may improve the availability of choline, thus providing more choline for the synthesis of ver y low-density lipoprotein. Thus, another important feature of the addition of betaine in poultry diets is the lipogenic capacity, responsible for reducing abdominal fat and prevention of fat accumulation in the liver.

Different studies have shown considerable changes in the carcass composition of poultry due to dietary

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betaine supplementation under a high ambient temperature by increasing the carcass weight, breast yield and breast–muscle ratio, in association with a reduction in abdominal fat deposition (Al Hassani, 2014; Ratriyanto, 2014). It has been noted that dietary 0.06%–0.20% betaine increases carcass weight up to 34.8% and breast yield up to 31.7% (Nofal et al., 2015).

Immune response Reduction in the concentration of dietary methionine is known to affect immunity in chickens (Rama Rao et al., 2003), but methionine sparing effect of dietary betaine may influence the immune responses. Betaine increases endogenous methionine synthesis.

Relative requirement of methionine may be reduced in broiler diets with betaine supplementation by sparing the methionine from a methyl donor function. Chand et al. (2017) reported improvement in immunity of birds by supplementing dietar y betaine.

Betaine at 1.5 and 2 g/kg feed resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher antibody titer against ND as compared to the control group. Awad et al.

(2014) reported that adding betaine in diets significantly increas ed the lymphocyte percentage where as Heterophil and H/L ratio was significantly decreased as compared to the control group.

Synergistic influence during Coccidiosis infections Coccidiosis in avian species is an enteric disease, and the infection is associated with osmotic and ionic disorders, probably caused by dehydration and diarrhoea. Betaine is well known for its ability to help cells tolerate osmotic stress and allows them to continue regular metabolic activities in conditions that would normally inactivate the cell. Due to the osmoprotective properties of betaine, it has a stabilising effect on the intestinal cells in coccidia-infected chickens and reduces the pathogenic effects of the infection. Several studies have concluded the effect of betaine to an ionophorous coccidiostat and the

positive effect on broiler production.

Betaine, in combination with the ionophore coccidiostat salinomycin, has a positive effect on bird performance during coccidiosis.

Betaine along with salinomycin in the diet reduced development of lesions by E. acervulina to a level that was lower than in chicks fed betaine or salinomycin alone. This suggests that betaine may contribute to the improved performance of coccidiainfected chickens directly, by partial inhibition of coccidial invasion and d e ve l o p m e n t , a n d i n d i re c t l y, b y supporting the intestinal structure and function in the presence of coccidial infection. This synergistic effect of betaine and ionophoric coccidiostat might be explained by the inhibitive effect of ionophoric coccidiostat on enzymes involved in transfer of choline to betaine, and therefore a higher requirement for methyl group donors as such.

Conclusion Betaine has wide applications in poultry nutrition. Betaine does have an osmolyte function which helps the bird to maintain cell water balance.

Betaine as a methyl donor spares some dietary methionine and choline that reduces feed cost per tonne, while maintaining the performance. Betaine may become better choice as feed additive especially in the high ambient temperature. It can be used in early chick nutrition to avoid starvation and reduce stress in chicks during transportation from hatchery to farm.

Supplementation with betaine may be beneficial during certain challenging conditions including high demand of rapid growth, disease and osmotic stress. It improves the growth performance and acts as a carcass modifier. However, studies are needed to ascertain the effect of betaine in different species of poultry in different seasons. Further, it is also needed to assess the effect of dietar y supplementation of betaine on heat shock proteins and expression of genes pertaining to production and r immunity.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

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Strategies to Combat E. Coli in Poultry Farms Justyna Andrysiak Chief Product Development Officer - Proteon Pharmaceuticals SA Poland

Kishore Gedam Techno commercial Manager - Proteon Pharmaceuticals India

Justyna Andrysiak under cer tain conditions (stress, weakened immune system, accompanying diseases and infections), however, pathogenic bacteria may also enter the body from the external environment. Poultry feed & water is often contaminated with coli forms and are the most common route of infection with new serotypes. Outbreaks often occur in broilers, layers & breeders causing enteritis, affecting the fallopian tube causing inflammation & coli septicemia are the most common cause of birds' mortality.

Kishore Gedam What is E. coli ?

E. coli is a gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the intestinal micro flora of livestock, including poultry.

These bacteria are capable of surviving long periods outside the host and are present in almost all bird environments, particularly the litter and house dust.

Opportunistic infections may occur 14

Economic losses and estimates The economic losses due to pathogenic E. coli infection can be both: direct and indirect. Weight loss, decreased egg production, increasing mortality and secondar y infections affect the livestock production systems.

Moreover, disinfection, cleansing, d i s p o s a l , a n d e x c e s s i v e u s e of antibiotics can lead to additional expenses for poultry farmers. The

indirect effects comprise the influence on the domestic economy, including interference with major industries, increase in antibiotic resistance, and impact on other sectors.

Susceptibility in poultry farms N o t a l l a g e of b i rd s i s e q u a l l y susceptible to the bacterium. When chickens are18 to 30 weeks old, egg production is at its peak. They are still developing, and their bodies are under a lot of stress, making them more prone to various infections. Laying hens that are more than one year old are also quite vulnerable. They breathe in the Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli-laden dust that is quite prevalent in dried out faeces, which tend to accumulate in the layer house in most Indian poultry farms due to poor farm management practices. Pullets are susceptible when t h e i r b o d i e s b e g i n t o p ro d u c e hormones that are necessary for egg production. It is a stressful time and their immune systems are not

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functioning at full capacity, making them an easy target for the colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli. In broilers when reared in deep litter system the prevalence of E. coli infection increases due to more exposure to contaminated litter.

Control measures Bio-security measures play a key role in controlling the spread of E. coli.

Keeping the bacteria out of the flock is not practical or possible since intestinal colonization is common in warmblooded animals. Fortunately, external infections can be limited through feed, water, and environmental sanitation, as well as good air quality. Pelleted feed has a lower percentage of E. coli bacteria compared to mash feed.

Rodent faeces are a ubiquitous source of E. coli. Furthermore, contaminated water supply can also contain high numbers of bacteria. One of the possible way to curb the spread of pathogenic microorganisms is to chlorinate the drinking water and use closed watering systems.

Maintaining litter and air quality can greatly reduce the risk of coli bacillus's infection. The damage caused to the respiratory mucosa of the flock has a direct correlation to the degree of ammonia exposure. Dust also increases 16

the risk of an infection. The combination of ammonia and dust results in the inhalation of bacteria in high numbers, making it difficult for b i rd s to c l e a r t h e m f ro m t h e i r respiratory tract.

Treatment Although E. coli infection is commonly treated with antibiotics, a survey of commercial poultry producers found that chickens raised for eggs and meat have high levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The survey found that more than half of the E. coli isolates were resistant to multiple drugs and nearly 60% of them contained broadspectrum beta lactamase, an enzyme that provides resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Broiler farms are twice as likely to be exposed to antibioticresistant bacterial strains compared to layer farms due to the high level of antibiotic usage. Independent farms are more likely to develop antibioticresistant E. coli than contracted farms, that are mostly owned by large producers and have to follow strict production protocols, including better veterinary care and hygiene methods.

On the other hand, independent farms misuse antimicrobials.

demand for poultry products would cause an exponential increase in the use of antibiotics in food production. Poultry producers Farm owners must take r i g o ro u s a c t i o n a n d i m p l e m e n t government regulations to control the massive use of antibiotics on poultry farms in India. The transition to a more sustainable way of production should also be promoted by setting up funds to subsidize bio-security measures at farm level. Poultry farmers should switch to feed additives containing bacteriophages.

Since they target specific pathogenic bacteria without affecting the host, they are the most valuable tool in the arsenal of poultry producers in the fight against multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Bacteriophages are being adopted successfully by poultry producers around the world, recently introduced to the market in India by Proteon Pharmaceuticals and it is time to mainstream this solution.

The problem will only get worse. An increase in income and an increase in

https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ ehp292

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

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Article

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Dr. Yogesh Paharia B.V.Sc , M.V.Sc ( Nutrition )

Winter Management In Poultry The environment can be defined as the combination of external conditions which have an impact on animals and humans. Perhaps the most important physiological re s p o n s e of p o u l t r y to t h e environment is the constant maintenance of a homoeothermic state during exposure to extreme ambient temperatures.

Environmental stress causes adverse effects on performance of poultry.

There are different types of stressors, namely Ÿ

Climatic stress (heat stress and cold stress)

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Managementalstress (excess light, wet litter and poor ventilation)

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Nutritional stress (excess salt and low nutrients)

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Physiological stress(rapid growth, sexual maturity)

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P h y s i c a l s t re s s ( c a tc h i n g , injection, immobilization and transportation)

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Social stress (overcrowding, poor body weight)

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During winter when temperature goes down below 55o F, various problems like poor FCR in broiler, decreased weight gain, reduction in egg production, reduction in water intake, reduction in fertility and hatchability etc. occurs. The infrastructure of the poultry sheds particularly in rural India is not up to the mark due to lack of electricity availability, therefore, the management of poultry during winter is an important concern for poultry farmer.

need plenty of fresh air circulating around the house. Ÿ

For better ventilation sliding windows are useful as they can be opened during day and closed during night.

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For better results, there should be arrangement of exhaust fans to remove impure air.

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Prior to chick being placed in house, the surface of floor should be covered with a bedding material called litter which should be of good quality made up of saw dust, shredded newspapers, grain husk, etc.

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The thickness of litter should be around 6 inches during winter. If litter management is proper, it will be felt quite warm when taken in hand.

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For maintaining the heat in the poultry shed it is necessary to install traditional Bukharis or heaters in the shed. 200W bulbs can also generate heat in modest way in small scale operations.

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Poultry uses food for two main purposes i.e., as an energy s o u rc e t o m a i n t a i n b o d y temperature and to carry on

Following tips can be practiced by the farmers for optimizing the poultry production in winters as well. Ÿ

House should be designed in a way that maximum sun light enters the shed during day time.

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Birds should be protected from chilled winds, for this gunny bags should be hanged at the places from where the cold air enters.

Psychological stress (fear and harsh caretakers)

With drop in mercury level and change in weather, poultry farmers may have to face some challenges of low environmental temperature, poor ventilation and decreased photoperiod, these seasonal fluctuations may directly or indirectly influence the egg and

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meat production. Therefore, farmer must be ready to take on these challenges by adopting some winter stress alleviating practices to overcome economic losses

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Birds release a lot of moisture in their breath and droppings which adversely affects their health, if there is restricted ventilation it causes ammonia build up in the air which causes respiratory problems. So, they

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normal physiological activities and as building material for development of bones, flesh, feather, egg, etc. Therefore, adequate, balanced and healthy feed should be provided to the birds. Ÿ

As low temperature causes more feed intake and higher oxygen demand, provide adlib feed to the birds for rapid weight gain and egg production.

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To avoid wastage of feed by excess intake of the birds, provide fat rich diet to the birds in winters.

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Consumption of calories of ME/bird/day varies as the ambient temperature changes.

Normally these differences are as follows:

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In winter number of feeders should be increased as compared to summer. Feed should be available to the bird whole of the day.

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During winter season birds take less water so far maintenance of water in the body, it is necessary to give continuous supply of fresh water which can be taken by the bird.

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If water is cold enough, then it should be given to chicken after adding hot water to it, so that the water comes to normal temperature.

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Feed should be available to the bird whole of the day. It has been experimentally proved that for proper growth of broiler during summer, diet containing 23% protein and 3100 Kcal ME/kg diet is needed. While in winter 3400 Kcal/kg ME and 23% protein is needed.

Many of vaccines/ medicine/ antistress vitamins are given to poultry through water. As water consumption of bird is reduced during winter season.

Therefore, care should be taken that waterers are removed few hours prior to water medication and medicine/vaccine is given in less amount of water so that birds can consume total water and each bird get benefit of medicine/vaccine or other supplements.

Ensure pest and rodent control in the poultry shed as they also seek warmer places for dwelling and poultr y shed is most

favourable place for them to reside. Ÿ

Do not empty the shed in winters as built up litter save heat in the shed. If in case you wish to remove litter, remove a part of it.

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Store feed in dry place so that it may not get in contact with moisture.

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Winter illnesses are rarely significant but can become problematic if left unattended.

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The standard procedures for treatment of illness include quarantining the bird and using a broad-spectrum antibiotic, such as Terramycin, Enrofloxacin, etc. in feed or water, depending on which type of antibiotic you have.

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Take care of the vaccination status of the bird and carry out necessary vaccinations as and when required.

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If your birds fall sick, contact local veterinarian.

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Diformates: A Most Suitable Replacement For Antibiotics For Further information Please contact: Dr. Parag P Mahadik - 09421691240 Venkys india Ltd - Venkateshwara House, S. No. 114/A/2, Sinhagad Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411030

Anant Deshpande* and Christian Luckstadt *ADDCON Asia Ltd. India, anant.deshpande@addcon.com

Introduction Discovery of antibiotics is one of the greatest benefits to mankind. Millions of lives have been saved across the world ever since the use of antibiotics came into practice. Initially the use of antibiotics was restricted only to humans, until the practice of intensive farming came into existence in the 1950'S and their routine use in animals for prophylactic purposes began. In 1963, the emergence of the first resistant bacteria was described (Watanabe et al., 1963). In 1969 a committee of government experts in the UK concluded that the use of antibiotics in animals had contributed to antibiotic resistance in humans. In 1975, further UK research linked the prolonged use of antibiotics to shedding of Salmonella typhimurium and its development of resistance to: Virginiamycin, Bacitracin, F l a v o m y c i n , N i t ro v i n , Ty l o s i n , Sulphaquinoxaline, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and many more antibiotics. These resistant bacteria proliferate in the animal and are transmitted to other animals. Transfer of the bacteria from animal to human is possible through many routes. Humans can also get infected by eating meat from animals with resistant bacteria. In 2015, antibiotic-resistant pathogens were estimated to cause over 50,000 deaths a year in Europe and the USA. The toll is projected to rise to 10 million deaths per year worldwide by 2050 (O'Neill et al., 2016). Sensing trouble, some countries have already imposed a ban on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in livestock feed and many more are in the process. However, without the use of antibiotics in animal farming, the productivity of the animal is compromised and hence there is an absolute necessity to look into suitable replacements. The following review deals with the use of effective replacements to antibiotics in the form of diformates - the double salts of formic acid; phytogenic compounds and their efficacy against bacterial pathogens.

Available data show that these substitutes not only effectively control pathogenic

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bacteria but also improve productivity far more effectively than antibiotics.

Review Overuse of antibiotics, the develop-ment of resistant bacteria and its ill effects on the human population eventually leading to the ban on prophylactic use of antibiotics in animal farming, is currently the hottest topic of discussion everywhere. The ban on prophylactic use of antibiotics in animal farming is well deserved, however, looking at the bacterial challenges in the animal farming, it is imperative to have some kind of a tool to control the bacterial infections and improve the performance of the farmed animal. Organic acids are looked upon as the most promising alternative to the antibiotics (Papatsiros and Billinis, 2012), as in addition to its antimicrobial property, organic acids provide many extra benefits such as improving the intestinal health, optimising the intestinal pH and thereby improving the nutrient digestibility. Organic acid controls the development and growth of mold and bacteria by the virtue of its inherent antimicrobial property and are in use as a preservative in food industry since ages. Since half-a-century they also have been used in the animal industry, much of it to control the mold and bacteria in the feed, in order to improve the hygiene of the feed and thereby to improve the performance of the animal. The current article focuses more on to the role and advantages of organic acid in the control of pathogenic bacteria in t h e g a s t ro - i n te s t i n a l - t r a c t ( G I T ) of chicken/swine.

The antimicrobial mode of action of organic acid is explained as a two-way action; one is the bacteriostatic effect by the dissociated molecule of organic acid, which inhibits the growth of microbes due to lowering of the pH in its surrounding area and the other is bactericidal action by un-dissociated molecule of organic acid which occurs when the organic acid molecule penetrates through the cell wall of the gram-negative bacteria and then dissociates inside the bacteria altering the pH in the bacterial cytoplasm. Though this mode of action is

well documented by various scientists, the information on the various other aspects of organic acids which influence its efficacy is not so widely disseminated up to the end user, leading to the inaccurate use of organic acids, subsequently resulting into the inconsistency in the results as compared to the antibiotics.

Knowing that the pH in the GIT of the animal is different in different areas and that the pathogenic bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella spp. thrive and multiply in the lower GIT where the pH is favourable for their growth, the efficacy of the organic acids to control the bacteria depends on various factors such as the type and the form of organic acids used, the concentration and amount of acid reaching to the small intestine and the method of application. Though there are many organic acids available, each has a specific molecular structure and varied efficacy and a different MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for different bacteria. Formic acid has the strongest antibacterial activity as compared to the other acids and has the lowest MIC compared to other acids (Table 1; Strauss and Hayler, 2001).

Table 1: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of formic acid (modified after Strauss and Hayler, 2001)

It has been seen that the liquid acids have very little or no role when the focus is the control of pathogenic bacteria in the lower gut, as more than 90-95% acid gets

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

digested before reaching the small intestine. It has been seen in such a study, that only 5.5% of the formic acid reaches to the small intestine when used at a dosage of 0.5% liquid formic acid (85% active ingredient) in compound feed (Kirsch 2010).

Similar results were observed earlier by Maribo et al. (2000) when the authors only detected 4.4% of active ingredients in the small intestine by using a dosage of 0.7% liquid formic acid in the diet. Moreover, the liquid acids are corrosive so it is not practical to use these acids as such. All pure liquid organic acids are corrosive products. Even if these liquid acids are sprayed on a carrier, the product can remain corrosive.

Salts of organic acids, like calcium propionate, sodium formate or sodium benzoate generally referred to as single salts, as it has one molecule of mineral and one molecule of acid in its structure, seemed to be a good option to add active ingredients in a solid and non-corrosive form, it also helps in reducing the buffering capacity of the compound feed. Studies have shown that organic acid salts led to lower E. coli counts in the ileum and higher Lactobacillus counts in the colon of piglets (Bosi et al. 1999) Although no much data is available on the amount of acid reaching to the small intestine when used in the form of single salts, quite encouraging data is available on the diformates- the double salt of formic acid (one molecule of mineral and two molecules of formic acid), which shows about 85% of the formic acid enters the small intestine when used in diformate form (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Recovery of diformate in the GIT (after Mroz et al., 2000) As the amount of formic acid reaching the small intestine (SI) is quite high, one can see well documented results with diformates at much lesser dosage as compared to the single salts.

Figure 2: Effect of sodium diformate (traded as Acidomix DF +) on gut microflora in poultry (after Lückstädt and Theobald, 2009)

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productivity index (EBI) was increased by almost 13%, thus leading to a more costeffective production.

Table 4: Sodium diformate vs. positive control in commercial broiler in the Ukraine (2013)

The availability of higher amounts of active ingredients in the gut will have an influence on the overall gut microflora. Such a study showed (Figure 2) that the number of pathogenic bacteria has been lowered by about 99% whereas the number of beneficial bacteria is improved by one log (Lückstädt and Theobald, 2009).

Tests against intestinal pathogens, including Salmonella, have shown that diformates have significant antimicrobial activity in broiler chickens (Table 2). Keeping bacterial pathogens under control reduced the probability of causing a disease outbreak.

Table 2: Salmonella profile (in % positive) in naturally contaminated broiler in Spain fed with or without sodium diformate (NDF) – after Luckstadt and Theobald, 2009

In further studies with 0.3% of sodium diformate, carried out at a university in Taiwan, the positive effects on pH in the upper GIT and the improvement in digestibility of protein and fat were seen (Table 3).

Table 3: pH-values and digestibility coefficients in broiler fed with or without sodium diformate (NDF) till 35 days (after Luckstadt and Mellor, 2013)

A subsequent trial in the Ukraine, with the addition of 0.2% / 0.1% kg of sodium diformate showed an improvement of 6% in the average daily weight gain against a positive control consisting of an acid blend on carrier with the same dosages, while the FCR was improved by more than 5% (Table 4).

Furthermore, this NDF-inclusion reduced the mortality by more than 21%. Finally, the

Though it has been well established that the diformates by the virtue of high formic acid content and with an ability to reach the small intestine in maximum concentration, exhibits excellent antibacterial and growth promoting results, the fact remains that the organic acids are more efficient in controlling the Gram-negative bacteria and show limited activity on the Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.

I n o rd e r to h a v e a t r u e a n t i b i o t i c replacement agent, the combination of diformates with some other sustainable resources which show efficient antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria would be of great advantage.

Work on such 3rd generation acidifier is currently carried out. The data available on the combination of diformates with the plant extracts (traded as Formi Alpha), containing different alkaloids (which show excellent activity against the Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria) are quite encouraging.

From a trial done in Germany in 2015 it was seen that the combination of diformates with the plant alkaloids can, next to the regular impact of diformates on performance and digestibility, considerably reduce Streptococci spp. incidences – and have therefore also a demonstratred impact against Gram-positive bacteria.

Futhermore, data are available which show a positive impact on intestinal health, in such a form that the lesion score caused by Clostridia infection is significantly improved.

This and some more data that is available until now, assures that the antibiotics can be definitely replaced with safe and sustainable alternatives for prophylactic use. Such sustainable products will be helpful in improving the performance of the animals with no disadvantage to mankind and environment.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

Editorial

www.pixie.co.in

MONTH

Calendar

TOPIC Challenges that cold weather bring for the livestock

January

Winter Management for Poultry

Ways to avoid any trouble Temprature Fluctuation Respiratory Disease

February

Disease Management

Different type of Infections Strategies to avoid them Adaptability

March

Innovations

Effect to production New culture it brings Feeding and Watering Equipments

April

Housing

Automatic Sheds Labour Management Consequences of heat

May

Heat Stress

Ways to spot heat stress Strategies to compact the impact Price Fluctuation

June

Eggs

Cold Chain Management Productivity Fluctuation Processing Equipments

July

Processing

Management of growng chicken Cold Chain Management Price Fluctuation

August

Feed

Energy requirements and feed intake Equipments Live Vaccines Overview

September

Medications

Antibiotics vs Organic Are growth promoters beneficial?

October

Breeding

Layer Breeding Management Boiler Breeding Management Antimicrobial Carcass Treatments

November

Bio-Secutrity

Gass emission Ecological Balance Year gone by..

December Industry Outlook

What to expect from next year?

NewRules, Policies- The conclusion.

NOTE: 1. There will be regular columns such as Industry News, Product News, Press Releases, CSR, Company Spotlight and Interviews, Event Calenders, Egg Rate, Food for thought, Awards, Appointments and Trivia.

2. We request you to send articles in word format.

3. Deadline: 8th of every month for the editorial content.

12th of every month for the advertisement material.

4. Please send your valuable contributions to pcsl.pro@gmail.com

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

Press Release

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Proteon Pharmaceuticals Unveils 'bafacol™', A Bacteriophage-based Feed Additive For Protecting Poultry Against E.coli Infections E. coli infections are among the most common infections affecting poultry of all ages and categories.

Overuse of antibiotics has led to emergence of antibiotic resistant E.colistrains in poultry which can have aserious consequence on human health.

Bacteriophage technology helps preventing bacterial infections naturally, improving the health of poultry and reducing usage of antibiotics Leading global biotechnology company Proteon Pharmaceuticals, a leader inbacteriophage technology for livestock, has launched BAFACOL™, a new poultry feed additive which provides a natural guard against avian pathogenic E. coli bacteria.The product offers an innovative solution for Indian poultry farmers to improve the health and safety of their flocks.

Poultry sector is currentlyone of the fastest-growing sectors in agriculture in India. However,bird's health (and consequently bird's productivity) can be affected by rampant threat of bacterial infections such as colibacillosis which is caused by avian pathogenic E. coli(APEC).

There are different strains of E. coli present in the intestines of flocks . While most of them are harmless, certain strains arespecialized in pathogenicity due to the acquisition and expression of virulence genes. E. coli strains which are major cause of infections in birds are calledAPEC or avian pathogenic E. coli.

Introducing the new product in Indiaduring an online session, Ms. Justyna Andrysiak, Chief Product Development Officer at Proteon Pharmaceuticals said, “BAFACOL™ is a cocktail of five lytic bacteriophages that are highly effective only against virulent avian pathogenic E. coli bacteria without affecting negatively the beneficial microflora of the gut” “BAFACOL™ is an environmentally sustainable product that ensures healthy growth of poultry without the need to overuse antibiotics. It can be used in both organic and industrial poultry production to reduce the mortality rate occurring due to avian pathogenic E. coli,” she added.

Colibacillosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in poultr y species.

Indiscriminate antibiotic usage to treat a variety of bacterial infections has led to a higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains in chicken.Considering that poultry is one of the most popular meat and that avian E. coli are more resistant to antibiotics than bacteria from other animal species, it can be extremely dangerous to human health.

Recently, a in vivotrial was conducted with BAFACOL™ at Agrivet ConsultancyP Ltd., Kolkata, on broiler chickens for a period of 35-days. The results showed that the product is effective in controlling c o l i ba c i l l o s i s w h i c h s h o we d l o we r m o r t a l i t y r a te s c o m pa re d to t h e untreated groups. Dr. Sudipto Haldar, R&D Director at Agrivet Consultancy said “A controlled experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of B A FACO L™ a s a t h e r a p e u t i c a n d p ro p h y l a c t i c a g e n t a g a i n s t A P E C infections. The test induced positive results confirming that BAFACOLmay be considered as an alternative to antibiotic treatments in poultry production to combat colibacillosis”

Proteon Pharmaceuticals' BAFACOL™is an innovative feed additive comprising five lytic bacteriophages that selectively target APEC.

With the poultry market projected to grow to INR 4,340 billion by the year 2024, it is obvious that the demand for poultry products is set to rise in India. The

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rampant antibiotic usage in poultry and the wide consumption of poultr y products threatens to increase antibiotic resistance in human beings.

Bacteriophages are naturally occurring organisms that attack only specific bacteria, while remaining completely safe for animals, humans and the environment.Phage preparations are a new hope for modern agricultural industry and can help the farmers to prevent bacterial diseases.In nature they co-evolved with bacteria, and every single bacterium has a phage opponent that can control its population. Phages outnumber bacteria by a ratio of 10 to 1, and also play an important role inrecycling the carbon in bacteria. Bacteriophage-bas ed preparations are increasingly gaining interest in the globalmarket as they help farmers raise safe and healthy livestock.

About Proteon Pharmaceuticals Headquar tered in Poland, Proteon Pharmaceuticals S.A. is a leader in bacteriophage (phage) technology for livestock farming and aquaculture.

Proteon's products modulate the microbiome, enhancing sustainability and improving performance on the farm.

They have created a precision phage development platform that uses omics te c h n o l o g i e s , m o l e c u l a r b i o l o g y, bioinformatics and artificial intelligence (AI) to create effective, reliable and safe antibacterial solutions for animal health.

Proteon was the first company to develop precision bacteriophage-based feed additives to combat bacterial infections in poultry.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

Press Release

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Entrepreneurs Day on 22nd October as A Part of EPAW Organised By CPDO&TI From 19th to 23rd October, 2020

A Overview of Breeder Project

Opening Remarks

Central Poultr y Development Organisation & Training Instittute under Government of India, Ministr y of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, a premier Institute located at Hessarghatta, Bengaluru organized a 5-day online Entrepreneurship in Poultry – Awareness Week (EPAW) from 19th – 23rd October, 2020.

The programme was planned to impart the knowledge for entrepreneurs focused on Business models in Indian Poultry, Commercial Poultry Farming & Rural Poultry Farming, Credit proposals for Bank, Government of India Schemes, and understanding of profitable poultry models, Nutrition, Disease Management and Medications etc.

EPAW was planned to create awareness among prospective entrepreneurs, Bankers, graduates and veterinarians across India. The schedule was very comprehensive covering all the aspects above mentioned. Prof. Gopal Naik, IIMB inaugurated the programme on 19th October, 2020 and narrated ample opportunities in the value chain of poultry sector. Dr. Mahesh P.S., Joint Commissioner, GoI & Director presented an overview of poultry sector and Dr. Krishnan illustrated the basics and nuances of poultry farming on the first day.

Chat with Mr. Manjunath

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Opening Session

Prof. Prathap Kumar and Prof. B.S.V. Reddy former Deans of Veterinary College briefed the audience about management aspects and salient features of Poultr y Nutrition. Dr. Baburaj, DGM, Venkys India elaborated on common poultry diseases, medications and vaccinations followed b y D r. L i p i S a i r i w a l , A s s i s t a n t Commissioner GoI briefed on Government of India Schemes in poultry.

On 22nd October, 2020 Entrepreneurs day was conceptualized for getting the first hand information from the hard working successful entrepreneurs in poultry sector. Concluding day on 23rd October, 2020 Dr. Jeevan Sonawane, Director, Novelvet presented on Incredible Eggs and Chicken – Facts and Myths. Dr. Mahesh presented on availing credit facilities in Nationalized Banks and various business models of poultry in detail as a final session.

All these recordings are date wise posted on our Facebook page with the link https://www.facebook.com/cpdoti.ban galore . All are requested to browse any time at your convenience.

Entrepreneurs Day Dr. Mahesh invited following successful e n t re p re n e u r s f o r a o n e - to - o n e

Chat with Varun

Panelists Interaction

presentation for the audience on 22nd October, 2020. Dr. Atul Latkar, Managing Director, Kasturi Farms, Nasik, Dr. Arun Rai, Managing Director, Bharat Agro, Mangalore, Mr. Varun, CEO, Sneha Group Hyderabad, Dr. P. Nallappa, Managing Director, Jagadish Farms, Bangalore, Mr. Manikam, Managing Director, Megha Farms Mysore and MR. Manjunath, CEO, Happy Hen Farms, Bangalore were the panelists.

D r. A t u l L a t k a r , e x p e r i e n c e d v e t e r i n a r i a n h a v i n g d e c a d e s of experience in private sector started a journey as entrepreneur under the brand name Kasturi Farms in Nasik. In his presentation he elaborated various business opportunities in Layer Farming more specifically in pullet rearing business. He demonstrated that crisis l i ke C o ro n a c a n b e t u r n e d i n to opportunity for expanding the layer pullet business into complete layer business for his group. He claims presently as a leading pullet (18 wks ready to lay layer birds) supplier across India.

Dr. Arun Rai, Veterinarian who also started his career in private sector joined hands with like minded partners to start their own venture Bharat Agro at Mangalore. Their entrepreneurship began in a small way with broiler farms,

Cost Estimate of A Breeder Project

Future Initiatives - Megha Farms

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

Green Initiatives - Bharat Agro

Hatchery - Bharat Agro

custom hatching. Later they have expanded into breeding farms, processing plant, commercial shops, re n d e r i n g p l a n t , b i o g a s f a c i l i t y, rainwater harvesting, large hatchery, premix plant and a huge feed mill for the group. Dr. Arun Rai briefed in detail keys for success for the entrepreneur namely, Honesty, Sincerity, Hard work etc to name a few. (detailed video / audio presentations of all the speakers can be viewed at our face book page posted on 22nd October, 2020).

Mr. Varun introduced his group as 3500 crore turnover company with a team of 5,000 employees managing 100 plus own chicken retail outlets along with over and above 2500 franchisee outlets in south India. Sneha group, a big conglomerate having all the operations of Breeding Farms, state of art feed mills, commercial broiler farms, largest processing plant in India (12,000 birds per hour), handling daily 3.5 lakh birds in Hyderabad. During the chat with Dr. Mahesh, Varun answered many queries about their group efficiency, advice for small retailer, future of broiler industry in India etc. Mr. Varun said that, “It’s no more a secret for anybody’s fitness but to opt for chicken and egg in their daily diet to meet body protein requirement of the human being.

Personally he endorsed that he consumes lot of eggs, 3 – 5 kilos of chicken per week along with five days of rigorous workout as a commitment being a CEO for such a large group Sneha. He is very active in social media with Sneha Select as a group app of choice as a one stop solution for protein needs.

Ready to Cook Range From Sneha

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Keys to Success

Dr. Nallappa a staunch believer of hard work and always be seen in poultry farm elaborated about his journey from b ro i l e r f a r m e r to l a rg e b re e d e r entrepreneur. In his presentation he categorically presented stepwise instructions for construction of broiler breeder project under cage system for 30,000 female breeders. His presentation includes a pictorial look back from Pooja to housing of breeders at his unit. (Detailed video / audio presentations of all the speakers can be viewed at our face book page posted o n 2 2 n d O c to b e r, 2 0 2 0 ) . I n h i s concluding slide he gave a cost estimate for each of the activities in construction on a per bird basis. For cage about Rs. 350/- per bird (30%), B u i l d i n g m a te r i a l R s . 1 9 5 ( 1 6 % ) , Building Steel Rs. 117/- (10%), Truss Purlin fabrication Rs. 105/- (9%) to name a few. An overall estimate of Rs. 1,250 to 1,300 is the project cost for only construction of such project.

Mr. Manikam and Mr. Vasanth, son of Manickam heading Megha Group briefed the audience about opportunities in modern layer farming and how to brand eggs to reach super market across India. Megha farms is a trend setter in adaptation of technology in layer farming namely automation, packaging, branding designer eggs etc in Karnataka. Megha farms has now forayed into broiler breeding and commercial broiler integration along with layer activities. Both expressed the need of support from the government for technology adaption and innovation

Sneha Outlet

Pullet Business - Kasturi Farms

for the entrepreneurs which is lacking at present.

Mr. Manjunath explained in detail their startup which was conceptualized in two minutes has come a long way to present branded free range eggs in the market priced at Rs. 25 to 30 per egg. His group is operating more in Tamilnadu started with 100 eggs production per day to a level of 10,000 eggs per day presently.

Mr. Manjunath acknowledged the contribution of CPDO&TI in handholding their group and supplying Kaveri as a rural egg layer bird for the venture. Manjunath requested support of government for free range certification in India, presently he is getting certificate from Europe or USA. Dr. Mahesh concluded the programme by interaction with the panelists and a n s we r i n g m a n y q u e r i e s b y t h e audience. All in all every day an average of 1,500 viewers were recorded both in Zoom and facebook page of CPDO&TI. The event was well appreciated. The team CPDO&TI guaranteed to conduct such many more programmes in the coming future.

Sri. Anwar Basha, Senior faculty of CPDO&TI executed the job of admin of conducting EPAW very effectively. The other team members of CPDO&TI worked hard in making this programme successful. The entire programme was live broadcasted on CPDO&TI facebook: www.facebook.com/cpdoti.bangalore.

All the recordings of 5 days are uploaded on the same day as a ready reference for the facebook visitors.

Social Media - Sneha Group

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

Press Release

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VIPWA webinar on Entrepreneurship Opportunities in Poultry Sector Vets in Private Welfare Association (VIPWA) organized a webinar on 13 September 2020 on Entrepreneurship Opportunities in Poultry Sector and speaker was Prof. P. K. Shukla, Registrar and Dean PGS, DUVASU, Mathura. Dr. Dinesh Bhosale, President VIPWA welcomed the speaker and participants. Dr. Shaveta Sood, Hon' Secretary, VIPWA introduced Dr. Shukla.

Prof Dr PK Shukla is renowned personality in Animal Husbandry Sector and has served many institutions during his career. His last assignment was as Joint Commissioner Poultry, Govt. of India in Ministry of Agriculture, Department of AH, Dairying and Fisheries. He is decorated with numerous prestigious awards and honours. He has almost 295 publications in his credit besides 3 book chapters and 2 lab manuals.

Dr Shukla emphasised on the need to develop entrepreneurship skills in young budding veterinarians, proďŹ le of Indian Poultry sector and drivers for this industr y. He emphasized in understanding the new normal and way ahead. He believes that Entrepreneurship is like treating a business offering as innovative service. Dr. Shukla discussed about the malnutrition, which prevails in our countr y and contributes to 50% of deaths in children below 5 years of age.

Food habits has changed across country. It has been observed that population above 15 years of age, almost 70% of it has turned to Non vegetarians.

Total Global meat production is around 107 MMT and only 31

around 10 per cent of this i s e n t e r i n g i n international marketing channel. India ranks 3rd in egg production and 5th in chicken meat production, having 3.3 % share. Indian Poultr y sector targets food security, improving the livelihood and empowering women.

Global egg production is around 1387 billion.

Poultry contributes nearly 0.5 per cent to the National GDP and 10 per cent to total livestock GDP. Currently Poultry sector values 130,000 crores in which organized sector contributes 80% and unorganized contributes 20%.

With 1.37 billion population and 5-6 per cent of per capita increase in annual income makes India, a very large market. India is fourth largest Poultry producer i n vo l u m e s b u t p e r c a p i t a consumption is still lowest in World. The total broiler market was estimated at 4.7 million tons.

Per capita meat consumption is 3.4 kgs per annum. Total broiler meat market size was over 85,000 crores in terms of retail price.

Domestic table egg production for 2019 was 109 billion eggs, translating per capita egg consumption of 80 eggs per annum with a market size of 45,000 crores. Total Poultr y population in India is 851.81million, out of which 30% is Layer sector, 40% Broiler sector and 30% backyard sector.

Poultry meat exports from India 2017-18 was 0.45MMT, which values around $ 87.71MMT and major importing countries are Oman, Maldives, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Russia. India produces 11 million chicks per day and table eggs of 250 million per day. 97% of the total eggs sold in the country are as table eggs, 2% as branded eggs and less than

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

as poultry feed industry, poultry disease diagnostics, vaccine production etc. Dr. Shukla also answered the queries of many participants.

1% as processed eggs. In 32 days, the chicken weighs 2 kgs and figure goes to 4 million Broilers in our country. 95% of the chickens goes to wet markets, 4% in processed market, 1% in further processed products. Almost 350 million Layers weighing around 1.3kgs in 52 weeks produces 320 eggs in a laying cycle. In broilers, India is growing @8-10% and in Layers it is @4-6% on year to year basis.

Dr Shukla also mentioned about the opportunity in being Entrepreneur in Poultry sector as with 1.37 Billion population and per capita income increase of 5-6% makes India a very big market. Recommendation of 180 eggs and 11 kgs meat can create million jobs, 5-fold increase in Egg industry and 10-fold increase in Broiler industry. Increase in per capita consumption of 1 egg or 50gm poultr y meat will generate estimated 25000 additional jobs in the country.

Dr. Shukla said that commercial poultry production in India is a

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major venture of the private sector with about 75 per cent under its control. He informed that rural backyard poultr y farming is being strongly encouraged by the public sector as a mean of livelihood support for the rural poor. India is having strength of world class infrastructure, production, selfsufficient genetic stock, highest return on capital and per unit land and the best biological efficiency in animal meat category.

Dr. Shukla explained about the nutritional value of egg and poultry meat. He also focused upon new normal COVID scenario in poultry sector. There is need to create awareness among people regarding consumption of egg and poultry meat. He further said poultr y sector can play a significant role in making Self Reliant India. Dr. Shukla also briefed about the government support to develop poultry sector in the country. He urged the budding veterinarians to explore the poultry allied fields also, such

Lastly, Dr. Shukla discussed about the National Education Po l i c y w h i c h w i l l b e n o w Transformed Education system with 5+3+3+4 year course.

Almost all the regulatory bodies will go off including VCI, only higher education commission will be there rest will be only suggestive bodies. One university in every district with not less than 3000 students has been envisaged. University will not have affiliated colleges or institutions and every steam will be open to the students.

This system will be more student centric, proposed with ABC system that is Academic bank for Credits and multiple exits system will be available to the students. There will be credit management system with multiple institutions options. So, some new thoughts with some innovations are there in New Education Policy. Main aim is that people all over the world should be attracted to India as education hub.

The webinar was live on the Facebook page of VIPWA and more than 4000+ views were recorded. VIPWA was established i n y e a r 2 0 0 8 a n d i t ’s a n association of 230 vets working in private sector and staying in Pune. r

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

HEALTH BENEFITS OF

Eating Eggs Incredibly Nutritious Eggs are among the most nutritious on the planet.

A whole egg contains all the nutrients required to turn a single cell into a baby chicken Ÿ

Vitamin A: 6% of the RDA

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Vitamin B2: 15% of the RDA

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Folate: 5% of the RDA

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Phosphorus: 9% of the RDA

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Vitamin B5: 7% of the RDA

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Selenium: 22% of the RDA

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Vitamin B12: 9% of the RDA

High in Cholesterol Ÿ

It is true that eggs are high in cholesterol.

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In fact, a single egg contains 212 mg, which is over half of the recommended daily intake of 300 mg.

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However, it’s important to keep in mind that cholesterol in the diet doesn’t necessarily raise cholesterol in the blood.

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In 70% of people, eggs don’t raise cholesterol at all

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In the other 30% eggs can mildly raise total and LDL cholesterol

High in Cholesterol Ÿ

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LDL cholesterol is generally known as the “bad” cholesterol.

It is well known that having high levels of LDL is linked to an increased risk of heart disease But many people don’t realize that LDL is divided into subtypes based on the size of the particles.

Many studies have shown that people who have predominantly small, dense LDL particles have a higher risk of heart disease than people who have mostly large LDL particles.

Eggs Are Brain Food

Benefits for Eye Health One of the consequences of aging is that eyesight tends to get worse.

There are several nutrients that help some of the degenerative processes that can affect our eyes.

Two of these are called lutein and zeaxanthin. They are powerful antioxidants that accumulate in the retina of the eye.

Studies show that consuming adequate amounts of these nutrients can significantly reduce the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration, two very common eye disorders.

Eggs contain a known chemical compound called choline.

Egg yolks contain large amounts of both lutein and zeaxanthin.

While you may have never heard of it, choline is integral to keeping brain cells healthy, specifically by strengthening their membranes and helping them keep their structure.

Eggs are also high in vitamin A, which deserves another mention here. Vitamin A deficiency is the most common cause of blindness in the world.

That means your brain will be able to stay sharp and healthy for a longer time.

Benefits of Egg for Hair Ÿ

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Hair Growth

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Prevent Hair Loss

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Conditions and Adds Shine

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

News Poultry Feed Market Is Set To Experience Revolutionary Growth By 2025

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third,where rising disposable income supported by the buoyant domestic demand and the large availability of feed grain, is the primary reason for the particularly strong growth in this market.

In this report, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Poultry Feed.

Poultry Feed Industry 2020 Global Market research report studies the latest Poultry Feed industry aspects market size, share, trends, Opportunities and Strategies To Boost Growth, business overview, revenue, demand, marketplace expanding, technological innovations, recent development, and Poultr y Feed industry scenario during the forecast period (2020-2025).

Poultry feed is food for farm poultry, including chickens, ducks, geese and other domestic birds. Modern feeds for poultry consists largely of grain, protein supplements such as soybean oil meal, mineral supplements, and vitamin supplements. The quantity of feed, and the nutritional requirements of the feed, depend on the weight and age of the poultry, their rate of growth, their rate of egg production, the weather (cold or wet weather causes higher energy expenditure), and the amount of nutrition the poultry obtain from foraging. This results in a wide variety of feed formulations.

The global poultry feed additives market share was dominated by AsiaPacific. A strong economic growth and population growth is the key driver that pushed the market forward in this region. North America is the second largest market . Europe ranks 34

Weekly poultry outlook - global broiler production up 2 perce

USDA this week said hatcheries in the United States weekly programme set 224 million eggs in incubators during the week ending 10 October, 2020, up 2 percent from a year ago. Average hatchability for chicks hatched during the week in the United States was 82.3 percent. Average hatchability is calculated by dividing chicks hatched during the week by eggs set three weeks earlier.

pair of swans tested positive for H5N8 bird flu. Farmers in the Netherlands have been ordered to keep their birds indoors to prevent transmission of the virus. The country banned transport of eggs, live birds and other farm products within roughly a six-mile radius of the affected farm. The temporary closure of hotels and restaurants in response to COVID-19 lowered domestic demand for high-end meats and slashed prices for meat products such as suckling piglets, Iberico products, high-valued beef cuts, and chicken.In 2020, the availability of domestic meat supplies and lower tourism will likely lower Spain´s overall imports of meat. Spanish chicken meat exports have decreased 20 percent this year.

Andhra Pradesh Top In Egg Production Andhra Pradesh occupies the top position in egg production in the country, contributing over 19% of the total production. But poultr y businessmen say that the demand for eggs is still to pick up in the state which

Weekly poultry outlook: bird flu outbreaks and COVID19 spikes impact global trade Dutch animal health authorities will cull 35,7000 broiler chickens after a highly contagious strain of bird flu was found on a farm. This comes just days after a

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

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is why they are forced to export eggs to o t h e r s t a t e s . A c c o rd i n g t o t h e department of animal husbandry, A n d h r a P r a d e s h , Ta m i l N a d u , Telangana, West Bengal, and Haryana are among the top egg producers in the country cumulatively contributing nearly 65% of the total egg production in the country. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recommends the consumption of 180 eggs per capita p e r y e a r. H o w e v e r, t h e a c t u a l consumption is much lower. While cities consume 90-105 eggs per capita per year, rural parts consume around 50-70.

Members of the National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC) said that egg and chicken consumption has dropped drastically since March.

However, the demand did see some degree of upswing mid-April when eggs turned popular as a zinc-rich protein food which can keep the immune system strong enough to fight Covid-19. T Uday Bhaskar, chairman of NECC, Visakhapatnam zone, said that the committee is glad that Andhra Pradesh occupies the top spot in egg production in the country. However, he was disappointed with the fact that the per capita per year consumption in Andhra Pradesh is only around 80 to 100 while the ICMR recommends that the consumption be 180 eggs per capita per year. Eggs are cheaper than many other foods and contain

nutrients, say NECC members. They said that many people think of eggs as non-vegetarian food and avoid consuming it regularly and even stop children from eating eggs. Meanwhile, many street vendors who used to sell fast food earlier have started selling eggs amid the pandemic. BS Naidu, one such street-food vendor said, “I used to sell panipuri earlier. But many people have stopped eating panipuri for fear of transmission of Covid-19. So now I have started selling eggs and sell nearly 300 eggs a day.”

South Korea on high alert amid bird flu fears

Potters Poultry has launched a new aviary system into the UK egg market.

The new LowMax Aviary allows farmers to manage their hens from the ground thanks to an easy-access system which has been designed to eliminate the need for climbing.

The system is easily accessible for the hens too, with multiple access points.

There are feeders and perches on both tiers and drinkers in front of the nests to ensure that the feed, water, and nests are always within easy reach for the birds. The highest tier is only two metres from the ground. The muck belts are only 1.25 and 2 metres wide which allows for easier maintenance.

Poultry Insurance Market With Current Trends Analysis 20202028 Veterinar y authorities in South Korea are telling poultry farmers to improve biosecurity measures to prevent bird flu infections in commercial flocks.

According to reporting in The Korea Herald, veterinar y authorities in South Korea are on high alert after traces of highly pathogenic avian influenza was detected in wild bird faeces. South Korea has been free of bird flu for the past 32 months.The initial case was repor ted on 25 October in Cheonan and an additional case of H5N8 bird flu was detected in Yongin. The Agriculture Ministry acted quickly in response and established quarantine measures to protect domestic poultry.

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New aviary system launched by Potters Poultry

This Poultry Insurance market report also endows with an exhaustive survey of key players in the market which is based on a range of objectives of an organization such as profiling, the product outline, the quantity of production, required raw material, and the financial health of the organization. It also explains what the market definition, classifications, applications, engagements, and global industry trends are. The report puts light on the entire market trends and analyses the effect of buyers, consumers, substitutes, new entrants, competitors, and suppliers on the market. Poultry Insurance market research report delivers compreh e n s i ve a n a l y s i s of t h e m a r ke t structure along with estimations of the various segments and sub-segments of the market.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

POULTRY DEMAND TO REACH 70% OF PRE-COVID LEVEL THIS QUARTER: INDUSTRY Chicken and egg consumption in the country has started rising significantly, and is likely to reach 70 percent of the pre-COVID level in the current quarter, companies and trade bodies said.

Demand had crashed when the epidemic began, forcing some poultry farmers to stop operations, but consumer demand started picking up from July and it will gather pace after the Navratras and with the onset of winters, they said.

“We expect consumption to be back to about 70 percent in October to December and almost 90 percent by Jan- March 21,”

dining out, "Demand from hotels and restaurants had seen a major drop, which we now see reviving. Also, after COVID, consumers' perception of eating chicken has changed and they s e e i t a s a n i m m u n i t y b o o s te r.

Consumption has reached 57 percent to 60 percent of the pre-COVID time and we are confident that it will reach over 70 percent in the next quarter,” October onwards ex-farm prices can further increase by 15 percent over September prices in eggs and chicken, said Ramesh Chander Khatri, secretary of Poultry Federation of India

“There is improved consumption as several hotels and restaurants have come back in business due to home delivery options. The prices of chicken and eggs have also started going up due to this,”

Poultry Meat Processing Market Development Strategy Analysis 2019-2025

Farmers have started getting a much better price for chicken now. Earlier, prices had crashed as people had started avoiding poultry products when the pandemic began. The average weekly consumption of chicken in the country is 75 million birds of the average weight of 2 kg.

The Poultry Meat Processing market report is an ultimate solution for businesses if they want to stay ahead of the competition in today's fast moving business environment.What is more, business can also have details about historic data, present market trends, future product environment, marketing strategies, technological innovation, upcoming technologies, emerging

Consumer confidence has increased and there is an increase in people 36

trends or opportunities, and the technical progress in the related industry in this Poultry Meat Processing market analysis report.This Poultry Meat Processing market report is mainly delivered to the users in the form of PDF or spreadsheet. However, PPT format can also be offered if the client has specified such requirement.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

International

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Meat and Poultry Processing Equipment Market Research Report is Projected to Witness Considerable Growth by 2027 M e a t a n d Po u l t r y P ro c e s s i n g Equipment Market” report 2020-2027 provides an Overview of the current market situation, competitive analysis, product scope, market research, opportunities, driving force, and market risks. The report contains market forecast to 2027 related to market size, Consumption, gross margin, price, revenue, production, CAGR and other substantial factors.

While emphasizing the key driving and restraining forces for this market, the report also offers a complete study of the future trends and developments of the market.

The Meat and Poultry Processing Equipment market report provides a basic over view of the industr y, including definitions, classifications, applications, and chain structures. Meat and Poultry Processing Equipment m a r ke t a n a l y s i s i s p ro v i d e d t o international markets, including development trends, competitive environment analysis, and key regions development status.

Global Poultry Food Animal Eubiotic Market Insights Report 2020 - Royal DSM, BASF, Cargill, Dupont, Hansen, Kemin, Novus International, ADDCON, Yara, Behn Meyer new report on the global Poultry Food Animal Eubiotic market has been published by Index Markets Research to its vast database. The report focus 37

towards the latest trends, platforms, competitive landscape of the global market, market dynamics and key players. The repor t uses several industry analytical methodologies such as primary and secondary research have been used by researchers.

Adoption of new technologies and approaches have been contributed towards the progress of the market. As per the investigation of this informative report, readers can make use of this to g i ve p ro p e r d i re c t i o n s to t h e i r businesses. This statistical data of the report offers manufacturing cost structure that includes cost of raw material as well as manpower. This report highlights an in-depth analysis by considering several segments, such as type, size, technology and applications.

Analysis of Poultr y Food Animal Eubiotic market and its upcoming growth prospects is been mentioned with maximum precision. This study includes an thorough analysis of market which also includes snapshots that offer depth of information of various other segmentations. The qualitative and quantitative investigation of key factors which are responsible for boosting or hampering the market growth and the promising opportunities in market have been provide. A specific study of competitive landscape of the global Poultry Food Animal Eubiotic Market has allotted, providing insights into the corporate profiles, financial standing, recent developments, mergers and acquisitions, and therefore the SWOT analysis.

Global Poultry Eggs Market 2020 - Impact of COVID-19, Future Growth Analysis and Challenges | Cal-Maine Foods, Proteina Animal SA (PROAN), Rose Acre Farms, Charoen Pokphand Group, ISE Foods Global Poultry Eggs Market Research report 2020 provides detailed analysis

News

of industry status and outlook of major regions based on of key players, countries, product types, and end industries. This research report offers the overall analysis of the segments such as market oppor tunities, impor t/expor t details, market dynamics, key manufacturers, growth rate, and key regions. Global Poultry Eggs market research report consist information according to the manufacturers, regions, type, and application.

According to the report, the Poultry Eggs market is set to grow at a CAGR of xx% over the forecast period (20192027) and exceed a value of US$ XX by the end of 2027. The global Poultry Eggs market offers the company profile of major key players including progress trends, competitive landscape breakdown, and key i n regions development status.

Global challenge to rebalance poultry production Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, people have moved to at-home food consumption over the last six months.

Globally, we haven’t seen this big or dramatic of a change in food consumption in many, many years. As a result, global markets have been shaken up, primarily due to movement re s t r i c t i o n s m a n d a t e d i n m a n y countries.

Po u l t r y i s p r o b a b l y t h e m o s t affected among the meat proteins because of its high dependence on the food ser vice industr y,” said Nan-Dirk Mulder, senior analyst Animal Protein with Rabobank. “If you look to most markets worldwide, somewhere between 25% to more than 50% of poultry that is sold is going into food service. That’s the reason why the impact is so significant on poultry.

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

Germany records H5N8 bird flu at poultry farm German authorities have confirmed another outbreak of H5N8 bird flu in a farm in northern Germany.

Reuters reports that the case was found on a small chicken farm in the Kreis Segeberg area the northern state of Schweswig-Holstein, the Segeberg local government authority said in a statement.

The 36 chickens on the farm have been ordered to be slaughtered and poultry on nearby farms will not be allowed outside.

Polish poultry industry is ready to grow again T h e Po l i s h p o u l t r y i n d u s t r y i s recovering from a devastating 6-month period. First, its exports were hit by the AI epidemic when, a few months later, the Covid-19 pandemic inflicted even more damage. Now companies are ready to regain their position on the global poultry market and are even planning to expand into Africa and Asia.

Some challenges remain, however.

“The last couple of years have been very profitable for the Polish poultr y industry, production grew every year.

Growth was driven by the dynamic export developments and, to a lesser extent, growing domestic consumption,” Dariusz Goszczynski, director of the Polish National Poultry Council – Chamber of Commerce (KRDIG) told Poultry World. Statistics show that that average poultr ymeat consumption increased in 2019 to 27.5 kilos per capita, 0.5kg or 1.9% more than in 2018. Over the same period poultrymeat consumption in the EU increased by 0.1kg, or 0.4%. Based on a year-on-year comparison, overall poultry production in 2019 went up by 1.9% to 2.8 million tonnes.

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2020 and 2026. In 2020, the market was Poultry Meat Market growing at a steady rate and with the rising adoption of strategies by key 2020 Top Manufacplayers, the market is expected to rise turers, Latest Trends, over the projected horizon.

Business Gross Margin, Covid-19 disrupts Growth Factor, Product Bangladesh's poultry Demand Industry Share sector and Forecast to 2025 The Bangladesh Poultry Industries Global“Poultry Meat Market“(20202026) status and position of worldwide and key regions, with perspectives of manufacturers, regions, product types and end industries; this report analyses the topmost companies in worldwide and main regions, and splits the Poultry Meat market by product type and applications/end industries.The Poultry Meat market trend research process includes the analysis of different factors affecting the industr y, with the government policy, competitive landscape, historical data, market environment, present trends in the market, upcoming technologies, technological innovation, and the technical progress in related industry, and market risks, market barriers, opportunities, and challenges.

The global Poultry Meat market is anticipated to rise at a considerable rate during the forecast period, between

Central Council (BPICC) expects the supply and demand mismatch for poultry to continue for the remainder of 2020.

M o re t h a n 6 m i l l i o n p e o p l e i n Bangladesh are either directly or indirectly involved in poultr y production. The commercial sector has expanded rapidly with commercial poultry farms growing at a rate of 15% a year, providing a significant pathway for the country's economic development and an increasingly important means of providing its people with nutrition.

Poultry farming has also long provided a well-trodden path out of poverty for many.

Researchers at the One Health Poultry Hub Bangladesh work closely with chicken farmers and wanted to find out to what extent the sector has been affected by the Covid-19 crisis. The main focus was on how the pandemic

Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

and control measures were affecting the production, distribution and consumption of chickens and eggs. A group of 36 chicken farmers, traders, feed, medicine and chick suppliers, and others involved in Bangladesh's chicken production and distribution network were interviewed between early April and early May 2020. The research ďŹ ndings illustrate the very serious impact that Covid-19 has had on this important and growing sector.

Meat Poultry And Seafood Market 2027 International Development Trends and Growth Research Report A Research Report by Reports Web on the Global MEAT POULTRY AND SEAFOOD Market uses a detailed and a comprehensive method for the analysis and determination of the factors which are likely to have an impact on the

growth of the market in the estimated forecast period.

The global MEAT POULTRY AND SEAFOOD industry study offers indepth information into the MEAT POULTRY AND SEAFOOD industry, as it includes all of the critical business facets. Moreover, with the aid of maps, graphs and pie charts the study also provides its users with the historical ďŹ gures in a detailed way. Various important factors, such as consumer trends, market positions in revenue

growth rates, and demand and supply are included in almost all market research reports for each sector. Some of the main factors examined in the study cover market share, development, key regions, revenue rates and key players.

The research on the global demand for MEAT POULTRY AND SEAFOOD gives in-depth analysis into the demand for MEAT POULTRY AND SEAFOOD addressing all of the main business facets.

wishes you a

May the beautiful gleaming Lamps of Diwali brighten you Life making it a better place to live.

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

Egg Prices

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EGG Daily and Montly Prices of October 2020

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Poultry Planner | Vol. 22 | No.09 | November - 2020

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