2. uZvelesi samosaxloebi

Cven vsaubrobdiT imis Sesaxeb, Tu Zveli drois romeli xuroTmoZRvruli nimuSebi da movlenebi ayalibebs dRes qarTulad miCneul tradicias. saubaria tradiciaze, romelic dRevandeli qarTuli kulturis safuZveli gaxda. SeiZleba amis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiTac vTqvaT. magaliTad, viciT, rom Cvens qveyanaSi dRes dadasturebuli uZvelesi samosaxloebi, daaxloebiT, Zv.w. VII an V aTaswleuls unda ganekuTvnebodes. arada VII da V aTaswleulebs Soris droiTi dacileba sakmaod didia, TiTqmis iseTia, rogoric qristes ierusalimSi qadagebasa da Cvens dros Soris. am Sualedis ufro metad dazusteba, daWeSmariteba imisa, Tu rodis ra gaCnda, ubralod, jerjerobiT ver xerxdeba. arsebobs daTariRebis sxvadasxva meTodi. amas garda, yovel wams Cndeba raRac iseTi, rac gvaiZulebs arsebuli codnis gadaxedvas da amitomac jerjerobiT ufro mkafio codna miRweuli ar aris da Zalian bevri ram jer kidev bundovania. es aris is, rasac Cven ar unda davTanxmdeT, magram unda SeveguoT. unda gvesmodes, rom es dakavSirebulia garemoebebTan, romlebsac ase martivad ver movicilebT. es muSaobisa da dasaTariRebeli meTodebis dazustebis obieqturi sirTuleebia. magaliTad, kvlevis qimiuri da fizikuri meTodebi icvleba, axlebic Cndeba. cota xanSi albaT kidev raRac gamoCndeba da ufro dabejiTebiT metis Tqmac moxerxdeba.

Cven vTqviT, rom im uZvelesi droidan modis sacxovrebeli sivrcisa da, saerTod, adamianis saarsebo sivrcis gancda, Cveva, gemovneba, romelic dRevandlamde gamogvyva. saqme is gaxlavT, rom mis miRma arsebul bunebiT sivrceze adamiani, rasakvirvelia, didad ver imoqmedebs, Tumca, zogi ram mas mainc SeuZlia. magaliTad, SeuZlia, dasaxldes ara xeobis ZirSi, aramed zeviT, vTqvaT _ zeganze. SeuZlia, tyeebi gakafos da Tavisi samosaxlos garSemo patara sicariele gaaCinos an, piriqiT, baRi gaaSenos da Crdilian adgilas icxo-

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vros. TavisTavad sivrcis Tvisebebs ver Secvlis, magram Tu rogor dacilebas amjobinebs bunebriv reliefTan, Tundac mcenareulobasTan, es adamianis asarCevia. sxva mxriv, xelqmnili sivrce asaxavs damokidebulebas, Tu rogor pirobebs miiCnevs igi arsebobisaTvis saukeTesod. Cveulebriv, adamiani amas maincdamainc ver acnobierebs. man ubralod icis, rom moswons, vTqvaT, Crdiliani oTaxi an raime sxva. es didwilad gemovnebaa, zogjer, sxvaTa Soris _ nervuli mgrZnobelobac. droTa ganmavlobaSi sarkmlis zomac ki icvleba. Cvens Zvel sasaxleebSi kolosaluri zomis sarkmlebia, XIX saukunis saxlebSi ki _ sakmarisad patara, XVIII saukuneSi _ kidev ufro patara da mere, XIX saukunis 70-iani wlebidan, uceb sarkmeli Zalian izrdeba. saidan Semovida is CvenTan? vambobT, evropidan movidao, magram manamde ratom aravin gaiSinaura es forma? xom SeiZleboda, didi sarkmlebis gaWra 1830-ian wlebSive daewyoT? ar moindomes. maTTvis simyudrove sxva ram iyo da ara is, rac dRes Cven gvgonia. dRevandel adamians awuxebs, Tuki fardebs ar gadaswevs da sinaTles ar SemouSvebs. adre, piriqiT, adamianebs erCivnaT, garemosagan metad daculebi yofiliyvnen. es, didwilad, gemovnebaa.

Zalian xSirad am gemovnebiseul arCevans adamiani viTomda mecnierul axsnas gamougonebs xolme. magaliTad, XVIII saukuneSi gamoigones, rom sasaflaoebidan sneulebebi vrceldeba da amitom sasaflaoebi qalaqis SigniT ar unda yofiliyo. marTalia, Cven es ar Segvxebia, magram parizSi monastrebis SigniT uZvelesi istoriuli sasaflaoebi daangries, Zvlebi pirdapir urmebiT waiRes, sadRac qalaqgareT Cayares da iq damarxes. ukve XX saukuneSi gairkva, rom saamiso safuZveli ar arsebobda. es Cemi daskvna ar gaxlavT, erTi friad aTeisti, oRond kargi frangi mkvlevris mosazrebaa, rom adamianebi ubralod sikvdilis siaxloviT Sewuxdnen. Sua saukuneebis adamianebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTac sikvdili amdenad ar aSinebdaT, XVIII saukunis ukve aTeizmisaken sakmarisad gadaxril ganaTlebul adamianebs es imdenad akrTobdaT, rom maT ama qveynidan

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wasvlis atributTa moSoreba moindomes, raTa TvalSi aRar moxvedrodaT da amisaTvis viTomda bunebismetyvelebiTi safuZvelic moigones. es Sromebi eqimebma daweres da ara viRac gareSe adamianebma. samwuxarod, rasakvirvelia, aracnobierad, aseTi naxevrad politikuri angariSsworebisa Tu manipulirebis iaraRad xSirad mecnierebac gvevlineba. garda imisa, rom Cven Tavidanve avaSeneT saxlebi, romlebmac qarTvelis damokidebuleba Tavisi sacxovrisisadmi, misi kompaqturobisadmi, Tavmoyrilobisadmi mravali aTaswleuliT daayaliba, Cven gafantuli, uformo sivrce ar gviyvars. Cven gvirCevnia, vxedavdeT mis sazRvrebs, yovelTvis gvqondes Tvalis mosaWidi, rac sadRac iq, sxvagan, SeiZleba sulac ar iyos. amas garda, gamoCnda sxva raRac-raRacebic. es, pirvel yovlisa, exeba samosaxlos dagegmarebas. SemaRlebulze ganfenili im uZvelesi qarTuli soflebidan garemo Zalian kargad Cans. mravali aTasi wlis win ase CaibeWda Cveni winaprebis, yovel SemTxvevaSi, kulturiT Cvens winmavalTa, Cveni kulturis fuZisCamyrelTa cnobierebaSi, rom adamians unda hqondes gadasaxedi. dRes qalaqSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebic ki wuxdebian, rodesac fanjridan mezoblis saxls xedaven, Tumca qalaqSi swored mezobeli saxli unda Candes da ara sxva ram. Tumca, rogorc Cans, farTo Tvalsawieri Cvens aracnobier wadilad qceula. Cven gvinda, gavixedoT da davinaxoT mTebi, Rrublebi da kidev aTasi ram. es gemovnebaa, romelic im dros dayalibda iseve, rogorc e.w. sivrcis gareTken xsniloba. rasakvirvelia, xsniloba imas ar niSnavs, rom saxls kedlebi ar gaaCnia. ubralod, is mowyobilia ise, rom sacxovrebeli da bunebrivi sivrce mozRuduli araa. es, ra Tqma unda, sarkmlebzec aisaxeba. vTqvaT, quCaze gadakidebuli aivnebi an lojia-aivnebi, romlebic XVIII saukuneSi namdvilad aris da XIX saukuneSi xom aris da aris, sxvaTa Soris, Sua saukuneebSi koSkebzec gvxvdeba. warmogidgeniaT cixesimagre, romelic aucileblad mofargluli, daculi unda iyos da am dros koSkze gamobmulia aivani? imasac ki ar kmaroben, rom zemoT baqa-

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nia da iqidan gadmoxedva SeiZleba. ara, kidev aivanic undaT, rom gamovidnen da gadmoeyudon. swored es survili bunebriv sivrceSi gasvlisa, saxelideba arqiteqturis xsnilobad da yvelaze ucnauri isaa, rom Cvens garemomcvel samyaroSi aseTi moxovnileba TiTqmis arsad aris. Tqven rom naxoT, mTeli aRmosavleTi Caketili saxlebis arqiteqturaa. aRmosavleTSi, Tundac Sua aziis yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi, sadac jerac SemorCenilia Zveli ganaSenianeba, Tqven midixarT quCaSi da es ori TeTri, sruliad yru kedelia. SegiZliaT daakvirdeT, rogori aivnebia Turqul filmebSi _ gadmokidebulia Seficruli aivani. sul iseTi STabeWdileba mrCeba, rom yuTi gadmokides, Sig ki raRac aris Cawyobili. faqtobrivad, gareTa kedelze karadaa Sekiduli. marTalia, gareTaa gamosuli, magram sivrcesTan mas urTierToba ar aqvs. ramdenadac vici, aseTi Ria ganaSenianeba xeTebs hqondaT da aq isaxeba raRac kavSirebi kidev erT Zvel civilizaciasTan. am kavSirebs xedaven sxvaganac, magaliTad, TrialeTuri kulturis gamosaxulebebSi. Tumca, marTali giTxraT, me mainc bolomde ar mesmis, es kavSirebi ramdenad mdgradi iyo an rogor xorcieldeboda. erTjeradi gavlena iyo, romelmac Semdeg saxe icvala Tu gacvla-gamocvla didi xnis ganmavlobaSi xdeboda? xalxi iqidan Camovida Tu aqedan wasulma naxa da Camoitana? ar vici. Tumca, sxva mxriv, ra unda Camoetana, roca es xsnilobis moTxovnileba ufro adre Cans?! iq es Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi xdeba da CvenTan amgvari ganaSenianeba ukve VII, V, III aTaswleulebSi namdvilad aris. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cven Zalian adre vxedavT am tradicias, vxedavT moTxovnilebas. ara mgonia, vinme Cvengans, ra ginda myudrod myofs sakuTar saxlSi (da qarTvels amis moTxovnilebac aqvs), moswondes iseTi vilebi, rogorebic zogjer, vTqvaT, aris SeerTebul StatebSi, sadac naZvnari pirdapir minis kedelzea momdgari. mgonia, rom lamis oTaxSi Semosuli toti Segvawuxebda, Tumca, sxva mxriv, Cven gvinda, is axlos iyos. swored am, erTi mxriv, mozRudvilobasa da, meore mxriv, gaxsnilobas, rogorc Cans, saukeTesod uzrunvelyofda aivani,

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romelic aCens Sualedur sivrces _ is saxls ekuTvnis, magram bunebaSic gadis. me TviTon micxovria agarakze saxlSi, sadac nisli aivanze Semodioda da pirdapir oTaxis karTan dgeboda. aRarc aivnis boZi Canda da aRarc mdinaris gaRma saxli. rogor xdeboda amis tradireba? ranairad moitanes? kulturuli tradiciiT? rogori tradiciiT? rogor, ranairad? meqanizmi rogori iyo? samwuxarod, Cven es ar viciT. gasagebia, rom uZvelesi namosaxlarebi, ZiriTadad, TiTqmis saZirkvlis donezea SemorCenili da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, imdenadaa dangreuli, rom ver vityviT, sarkmeli an kari sad iyo gaWrili.

Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs, ase vTqvaT, teqnikur mxaresac, radganac garkveul teqnikur safuZvels moiTxovs yvelaferi adamianismieri, kulturis araerTi dargi da, miT umetes, xuroTmoZRvreba. amitom didi mniSvneloba hqonda samSeneblo masalebisa da samSeneblo teqnikis dauflebas. am mxrivac, CvenTan sakmarisad Zveli da Rrma fesvebia. uZvelesi samosaxloebis arseboba gulisxmobs, rom adamianebma icodnen mSeneblobisaTvis Tixis gamoyeneba, cota xanSi ki daiwyes wnelis gamoyenebac _ xis sarebs zed aqvs Semovlebuli wneli, mere ki galesilia an gamoyenebulia alizi, gamouwvavi aguri. daaxloebiT, Zv.w. VI-V aTaswleulebSi uZveles samosaxloebSi gamomwvari aguri gamoCnda. es ra aris, jerjerobiT gaugebaria. saidan gaCnda da mere ratom ar damkvidrda, ver getyviT, magram faqtia, rom aseTi ram moxda. SesaZloa, ubralod, fexi ver moikida, maSin metismetad Zvirad da arapraqtikulad moeCvenaT an rigiT sasoflo mSeneblobaSi didad arc sWirdebodaT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, mosinjes. amis SesaZlebloba, arCevis SesaZlebloba, arsebobda da airCies ufro martivi teqnika, Tumca TavisTavad is ukve gamoCnda. Semdeg, albaT welTaRircxvaTa gasayarze, daaxloebiT, Zveli welTaRricxvis bolosa da axali welTaRricxvis pirvel saukuneebSi Semodis gamomwvari aguri, kramiti (kramiti, sxvaTa Soris, ufro adrec gvaqvs, antikur xanaSi) da duRabi. Cvens wyaros Tu davujerebT, duRabi sparselebma Semoitanes. Tumca Zalian sainte-

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resoa (mgonia, es ufro kargadaa gasaazrebeli kulturul-istoriuli da, saerTod, zogadistoriuli TvalsazrisiTac), rom, germaneli kolegebis azriT (isini masalaTmcodneebi arian), Suasaukuneobrivi qarTuli duRabi, romelic swored iqidan (welTaRricxvaTa gasayaridan) modis, Zalian axlo analogiaa e.w. romauli betonisa, romauli duRabisa. maTi TvalsazrisiT (da, sxvaTa Soris, Cvenc aseve unda SevxedoT amas), yvelaze mniSvnelovani gaxlavT Semdegi garemoeba: vinaidan saqarTveloSi bunebrivi masala ramdenadme gansxvavebuli iyo, qarTvel ostatebs (maTze ukve namdvilad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom qarTveli ostatebi iyvnen) SeurCeviaT misi fardi masala _ sxva qvebi, romelTac iseTive Tvisebebi aqvT mSeneblobisas, gamowvisas, gamoSrobisas, rogoric romaul fxvnilebs (lavis fxvnilebs). es, rasakvirvelia, Zalian kargi mowmobaa. jer erTi, aq Cans SemoqmedebiTi damokidebuleba, gaazrebuli moqmedeba, rac saerTodac etyoboda qarTul kulturas. cxadia, SemTxveviT qvas ver ipovi. unda dafiqrde, ratom iReb amas da ara sxva rames. albaT raRac cdac CautarebiaT, sxvagvarad ver daadasturebdnen, rom imave Sedegs miiRebdnen. yovel SemTxvevaSi, aq Cans bma romaul samyarosTan. sxva ambavia, rom Tavad duRabis Sesaxeb, romelic, vTqvaT, sparselis meSveobiT Semovida, man SeiZleba romaelebisagan gaigo. Zalian ucnauria, roca gveubnebian (es yvela wignSi weria), rom sasanuri xuroTmoZRvreba (sasanianTa sparseTisa, romelic Zv.w. III saukunidan modis) aris reaqcia elinistur-romaul xelovnebaze da Tavisi sakuTari erovnuli aRmosavluri Zirebisaken mibruneba. arada, rodesac Sexedav maTi xuroTmoZRvrebis nimuSebs, gansakuTrebiT, uzarmazar sasanur sasaxleebs, TvalsaCinoa, rom uamravi elementi pirdapir romauli arqiteqturidan modis, Tumca gardasaxulia, gadamuSavebulia. am arqiteqturas wuni namdvilad ar daedeba, magram misi kavSiri romaul da elinistur samyarosTan Zalian mWidroa. masSi aRmosavlursac xedaven, Tumca romauli marTlac Zalian bevri Cans. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, duRabi aseTi SemovliTi gziTac mosuliyo.

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antikuri xanidan, Zv.w. IV saukunidan, samSeneblo keramika Cven ukve gamomwvari gvaqvs, yovel SemTxvevaSi, aseTia kramiti. Tumca ratomRac mainc alizs iyenebdnen, Tan Zalian uxvad, imdenad, rom, rodesac Tlili qvis arqiteqtura Semovida, naxevramde Tlili qviT amohyavdaT da zemoTken aliziT aboloebdnen. ase Sendeboda zRudeebi, sasaxleebi. ratom akeTebdnen amas, CemTvis mTlad gasagebi ar aris. SeiZleba alizis mozela ufro iolia, vidre qvis gaTla, magram, sxva mxriv, is gasaaxlebeli ufro xSiradaa. mas azianebs yinva, teni, didi sicxe. ar vici ratom, magram faqtia, rom qvis kedlis erTxel amoyvanas alizis xSiri cvla erCivnaT. SeiZleba, es mowmobs, rom Zalian gaCveulebi iyvnen da am masalaze uaris Tqma ar undodaT an raRac rTuli fsiqologiuri movlenaa, magram es asea. sxva mxriv, CvenSi Tavad qvis mSeneblobac sakmarisad Zvelia. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zv.w. II aTaswleulidan namdvilad Cndeba e.w. ciklopuri mSenebloba. ar vici, saqarTveloSi ciklopebi Tu cxovrobdnen, magram aqauri adamianebi didi qvebiT ki aSenebdnen. dRes, roca did qvas dainaxaven, Zalian uyvarT saubari imaze, rom am qvis moWra an transportireba Turme adamianis Zal-Rones aRemateba. amisaTvis xan ucxoplanetelebi unda CavrioT da xanac vinme sxva. ra Tqma unda, es Zalian didi Secdomaa. yvelaze komikuri isaa, rom srulebiT danamdvilebiT aris cnobili, rogor xdeboda aseTi didi qvebis gadmotana an kldis gaxeTqva, raTa mas didi lodi mocileboda. yvelaferi zedmiwevniT aris cnobili, arada swored saidumloze saubroben. is ki, rac marTla gaugebaria, ratomRac aravis awuxebs da iwyeba gauTavebeli fantastikuri romanebis Txzva. rasakvirvelia, es cixeebi, samlocveloebi goliaTebsa da, miT umetes, ucxoplanetelebs CvenTanac ar auSenebiaT. TumcaRa ise Cans, rom ciklopuri cixeebi aqeT, javaxeTSi, ufro walka-TrialeTSi da iqiT, dRevandeli SavSeTis mxareSi (iqac nacixvrebi da nasoflarebia), TiTqos raRac erTian sistemas qmnis, magram maincdamainc daCemebiT Tqma, TiTqos zustad asea da wyali ar gauva, ar SeiZleba. amgvari sistemis

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miRma, cxadia, unda arsebobdes organizebuli sazogadoeba. es aRar aris, davuSvaT, sami soflis kavSiri, radgan is amas ver auvidoda. raRac tipis saxelmwifoebrioba unda arsebobdes. istorikosebis saZiebelia, Tu ra saxelmwifo iyo es. Cven mxolod SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es aris sazogadoeba, romelic ar ufrTxis arc danaxarjs, arc didi Sromis gaRebas da sakmarisad kargad aris mowesrigebuli, radgan amas xalxis Tavmoyra unda. kidev vambob, rom Cven viciT, rogor gadmohqondaT es didi qvebi, magram viRacas unda waeRo da wamoeRo, amas ki erTi da ori kaci ar yofnis, jgufebia saWiro. miT umetes, Tu Tanadroulad bevri ram Sendeba, es gulisxmobs, rom arsebobs Zala, romelic Tavs abams amdeni xalxis SeTanxmebul muSaobas da axerxebs jgufebis Tanamoqmedebis mowesrigebas, rac dResac ki, roca amdeni teqnikuri saSualeba gvaqvs, Zalian Znelia. bevri ram aris marTlac ucnauri. magaliTad, es cixeebi Zalian maRalzea, sadac sakmaod civa da sacxovrebeli oTaxebi ki, romlebic SemorCenilia, ar Tbeba. arc Rumelebi Cans, arc buxrebi, arc keriebis kvali. gaugebaria, rogor cxovrobdnen. Tuki zafxulSi adiodnen, ucnobia, zamTarSi sad iyvnen. Tu qvemoT rCebodnen, maSin iq unda iyos samosaxloebi, romlebic TiTqos ar Cans. ra xdeboda? iqneb mxolod es cixeebi SemogvrCa? iqneb sacxovrebeli mowyobili hqondaT xolme saxlebSi, romlebic am cixeebs axlavs (Cveulebriv, isini ukve Zalian dangreulia, zogjer mxolod maTi nakvalevia) da cixe mxolod TavSesafari iyo? iqneb amitom ar aris is gamzadebuli didxans gasaCereblad? Zneli saTqmelia. iq jerjerobiT met-naklebad seriozuli gaTxrebi ar Catarebula da arc ramea mopovebuli. ar viciT, saqme raSia, magram es marTla sainteresoa. ra Tqma unda, isic Zalian mniSvnelovania, gavarkvioT, Tu ra sazogadoebaa es, romeli saxelmwifoa. SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom es yvelaferi romeliRac Zvel aRmosavlur wyaroSi dasaxelebul tomTa kavSiris cxovrebas asaxavs. maSin ufro danamdvilebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, Tu romeli tomebi iyo es. am mxareSi antikur xanaSi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zv.w.

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X saukunidan, namdvilad Cans qarTveluri tomebi. da mainc romel tomTa kavSiria? es Zalian sainteresoa. amas garda, ciklopuri xuroTmoZRvreba uceb Tavs iCens afxazeTSi, anu Zalian Sors. sad javaxeTi da sad afxazeTi _ SuaSi mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo da samxreT saqarTvelos baria. cota xnis win aRmoCnda, rom raWa-imereTis sazRvarzec aris aseTi naqalaqari. SesaZlebelia, es aris raRac kultura, romlis Sualeduri rgolebi CvenTvis dRes uxilavia, sadRac tyeebSi, gaukacrielebul adgilebSi imaleba da iqneb is aris kidev ufro mniSvnelovani da didmasStabovani romelime saxelmwifo an patara saxelmwifoTa gaerTianeba, yovel SemTxevaSi _ raRac didi. ai es, marTlac sarkvevi da sakvlevia. wminda teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT, es aris mowyvetili lodebi, romlebsac bunebrivad moipovebdnen. Cveulebriv, aseTi mSenebloba iq warmoebs, sadac vulkanuri qanebia. vulkanuri qanebi skdeba xolme da didi zomis qvebi kldes swydeba. am qvebs agorebdnen an kidev sazidrebiT (savaraudod, marxilisnairi sazidrebiT) zemoT aCoCialebdnen da erTmaneTze Seawyobdnen. xsnari ar ixmareboda, magram es TiTqosda simartive (duRabi ar ician da qvebs erTmaneTze awyoben), sinamdvileSi, specifikur sirTulesac Seicavs. marTlac, zoma iseTnairad unda SeirCes, rom erTmaneTze dalagebisas qvebma Sla ki ar daiwyon, aramed erTmaneTi gaamyaron. amitom aris xolme, rom qvemoT jer didi qvebia, Semdeg _ momcro, zemodan ki isev didi qva devs, romelic am SedarebiT ufro patara qvebs TiTqos xufiviT unda daedos. ase rom, primitiul teqnikas ver vuwodebT. bolos da bolos, egvipturi taZrebi da piramidebi asea aSenebuli, uduRabod, ubralod Tlili qviT. raRac TvalsazrisiT, esec ciklopuri mSeneblobaa. ciklopurs imitom eZaxian, rom didi qvebia. `odiseadan“ SerCa adamianebis mexsierebas ciklopi polifemosi, romelic isvris uzarmazar kldeebs, rakiRa Zalian didia, goliaTia. es namdvilad Serqmeuli saxelia da, rasakvirvelia, raime istoriul sinamdvilze arafers ambobs.

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cxadia, es teqnika ase ver SenarCundeboda, raRac momentSi misi daxvewa unda momxdariyo. aq, rogorc Cans, Cven antikur samyarosTan urTierToba dagvexmara. CvenTan qvis Tla albaT swored saberZneTidan an berZenTa mcireaziuri dasaxlebebidan Semodis. romelime qvaTlili, bagineTisa an vanis, sadme aTenSi rom waiRoT da daagdoT, SeiZleba, verc mixvdnen, rom es Soridan aris motanili, radgan hgavs. iseTive odnav xaoiani zedapiria, iseve Semovlebulia xolme raRac zoliviT, arSiasaviT da damagrebis wesic msgavsia _ qvebi rom ar daSliliyo, erT horizontalur rigSi erTmaneTis momijnave qvebis napirebze CanakveTi keTdeboda da zemodan liTonis firfita, e.w. gamiri, ideboda. erTmaneTze aseve uxsnarod dadebuli qvebis rigebi amiT iyo ganmtkicebuli. am teqnikas Tan antikuri formebic Semohyva. CvenTan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic da dasavleT saqarTveloSic napovnia Zalian kargi xarisxis antikuri berZnuli kapitelebi (samxreT saqarTveloSi, ramdenadac vici, jer ar upoviaT, magram arqeologiuri Seswavla iq didad win waweuli araa). nawili SeiZleba Camotanilia, magram nawili berZnuli nimuSebis mixedviT damzadebuli adgilobrivi produqtia. rogorc Cans, arqiteqtura, romelsac es kapitelebi amkobda, sxvanairi unda yofiliyo. jer erTi, ar Cans svetis tanebi. rogorc etyoba, isini xis unda yofiliyo. es, TavisTavad, sul mTlad umagaliTo ar aris. aseTi svetebi hqondaT, magaliTad, sparselebs persepolisis sasaxleebSi _ qvis uzarmazari kapitelebia da tani xis iyo. SesaZloa, es swored saerTo aRmosavluri tradiciaa, magram raodenobac ucnauria _ svetebi erTi da ori ar aris xolme, bevri unda iyos. CvenTan saqme gvaqvs raRac ucnaur arqiteqturasTan. yovel SemTxvevaSi, me ver vxvdebi, ratom aris aq svetnarebi. magaliTad, vanSi aris yru kedeli, am yru kedels ki ratomRac mihyveba sami sveti da meti araferi. ra aris es? ratomaa svetebi maincdamainc am yru sibrtyeze da ara meoreze, vTqvaT, sadac kari iyo, mTlad kargad ar mesmis, magram es arafers niSnavs, radgan isini, rasakvirvelia, sakuTari TavisTvis aSenebdnen

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da ara CemTvis. dRes CvenTvis es logika bolomde gasagebi ar aris, Tanac aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic da dasavleTSic aseTi suraTia. me yovelTvis momyavs es gasaocari magaliTi: keramikuli biustebi, romlebic mopovebulia cixisZirSi (oRond ara aWaraSi, aramed aqve, Tbilissa da gors Soris sofelSi, Zveli nastakisSi), mSvenieri keramikuli namuSevarebia. isini nakeTebia Zveli berZnuli modelebiT, magram adgilobrivi masaliT da namdvilad aqaa damzadebuli, Tumca ver ityvi, ostati, romelic Zalian kargad muSaobs, Camosulia Tu adgilobrivi. absoluturad gaugebaria, es arqiteqturas rogor ukavSirdeboda, magram namdvilad kedlebze iyo damagrebuli, radgan aq samsWvalis budeebia. Tumca ra kedlebi iyo, rogori iyo maTi urTierTmimarTeba, srulebiT gaugebaria. danamdvilebiT mxolod is viciT, rom frizad isini ar ikvreba, magram ver vxvdebiT, risTvis iyo, miT umetes, SigniT, interierSi da ara gareTa kedelze, rac aseve Zalian ucnauria. antikuri magaliTebi amasac maincdamainc mxars ar uWers. aq raRac sxva ambavia. Cven gvaqvs saqme arqiteqturasTan, romelsac axlavs antikuri detalebi, magram Tavad es arqiteqtura sul sxvaa, sxva Ziridan momdinarea. samwuxarod, Cven masze cota ram viciT. aki vTqvi, rom naSTebi aris friad da friad sawyalobeli _ 30-40 sm-ia xolme acilebuli miwidan, rac arqiteqturaze azris gamosatanad Zalian cotaa. da mainc, Cven imeds gvitovebs ufliscixis naqalaqari. ufliscixis naqalaqari warmomCenia kidev erTi samSeneblo tradiciisa, romelic Cveni qveynisaTvis Semdegac, Sua saukuneebSic, sakmaod mniSvnelovani iyo. aq Cans kldeSi kafvis tradicia. kldeSi nakafi uZvelesi saxlebi da nasoflarebi, romlebic Zalian bevri aRmoCnda, Zv.w. III aTaswleulis bolodan Tu Zv.w. II aTaswleulidan modis. jerjerobiT uamravia napovni qvemo qarTlSi, cota ufro gviandelebi _ Sida qarTlSi da, bolos, es tradicia mwvervals aRwevs welTaRricxvaTa mijnaze. ufliscixis daTariRebaze, misi mravalricxovani sadgomebis daniSnulebaze uamravi azria gamoTq-

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muli. amaze kamaTi mimdinareobs. isev da isev, ver daiCemeb, rom maincdamainc ama Tu im droisaao, magram faqtia, rom is antikuri xanisaa, albaT SedarebiT gviani safexuris, magram mainc antikuri xanis. am SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba vifiqroT imdroindeli arqiteqturis amokiTxvaze. saqme isaa, rom, rogorc saerTod xSirad xdeba kldis xuroTmoZRvrebaSi (asea indoeTSi, avRaneTSi, tajikeTSi), gamomkafavni naSen arqiteqturas imeoreben. Cvens SemTxvevaSi, es ufro metad xis arqiteqturaa. srulebiT aSkarad Cans, rom imitirebulia xis sadgarebi da xis gadaxurvebi. es xan Zeluri gadaxurvaa, xan ficruli, xan kesonirebulis msgavsi da xanac namdvili kesoni, oRond amjerad es ukve imitaciaa kamarisa, romelic cota gviandeli unda iyos, albaT sadRac ax.w. II saukunisa. rakiRa aseTi mravalferovnebaa, ori ram SeiZleba vivaraudoT: es met-naklebad asaxavs erTi epoqis SenobaTa sxvadasxvanair tipebs an arqiteqturis raRacanair ganviTarebas. amas sagangebo muSaoba sWirdeba da miwaze nanax ganadgurebul SenobebTan kldeSi gamokafuli modelebis Sejereba. amis Semdeg SeiZleba movaxerxoT SenobaTa ramdenime tipis amocnoba. amas garda, aris nasaxlari qarelTan (mgoni, bolomde jerac ar aris gaTxrili), e.w. dedoflisgora, sadac aRmoCenilia saxli, romelic vilis tipisaa, yovel SemTxvevaSi, viRac mdidari meurnis qalaqgare saxlia. iq uamravi ram aris napovni _ sursaTi da bevri sxvadasxva nivTi. orsarTuliani saxli iyo da kedlebi iseT simaRlezea SemorCenili, rom SeiZleba meore sarTulis simaRlec ki iyos. qveda donec daadgindes da, Tu Zalian moviwadinebT, misi patara modelic ki SeiZleba gavakeToT. es yvelaferi samuSaoa, jerjerobiT ki mxolod imis Tqma SegviZlia, rom Cven gvqonda bevri sxvadasxvagvari Senoba, araerTi gegmarebiTi tipi, magram sacxovrebeli arqiteqtura, rogorc Cans, ZiriTadad, mainc xis iyo, Tumca qvis detalebic gamoiyeneboda da samSeneblo keramikac. maSasadame, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Cven gvaqvs garkveuli tipis sivrcis gancda, romelic im uZvelesi droidan modis.

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gvaqvs ganaSenianebis garkveuli tipi, romelic aseve tradiciad iqceva. faqtobrivad, vicnobT yvela im teqnikas, romelsac samyaro IV saukuneSi iyenebda. vicodiT, pirvel rigSi, xiTxurooba, romelic, rogorc iTqva, aSkarad aris aRbeWdili ufliscixeSi. amas garda, napovnia kidev ufro Zveli yorRanebi da xiT naSeni Sida sadgomebi. es sakmarisad rTuli nagebobebia, romlebsac ise, sasxvaTaSorisod, ver gaakeTeb, codna unda. sxva Tu araferi, rodesac aSendeboda da ZelebiT gadaixureboda, zemoT miwa da qva eyreboda da amisTvis unda gaeZlo. Sesabamisad, imdroindeli ostati axerxebda, cxadia, TvaliT da ara qaRaldze amis gamoangariSebas. amuSavebdnen xes, ficrebsac Wridnen, ra Tqma unda, morebsac Tlidnen, yvelafers akeTebdnen. savaraudod, albaT aCuqurTmebdnen kidec, yovel SemTxvevaSi, sxvanairad ar xdeba _ iq, sadac xea, xeze CuqurTmac aris xolme, Cveulebriv da, ra Tqma unda, amas Zalian didi gasavali unda hqonoda. amasTanave viciT samSeneblo keramika da qvis damuSaveba. qvas vxmarobT rogorc duRabiT, aseve uduRabod, rogorc uTlels, aseve Tlilsac. es gasaTvaliswinebelia, im TvalsazrisiT, rom ukve Semdeg, Sua saukuneebSi, did, ase vTqvaT, monumentur arqiteqturaSi yvelaze gamosaCeni Senobebi ufro xSirad Tlili qviT Sendeba. gamonaklisia kaxeTi, magram es calke ambavia. zogadad rom aviRoT, mTel Cvens arcTu ise did qveyanaSi asea miRebuli _ roca undaT, raRac gansxvavebuli, Tavmosawoni aaSenon, Tlil qvas amjobineben imdroindeli qarTvelebic. Tumca uTleli qvac gamoiyeneba, miT umetes, xalxur mSeneblobaSi. magaliTad, uTleli qviT Sendeboda arcTu ise mcire raodenobiT cixe-koSkebi da saeklesio nagebobebi. marTalia, rogorc wesi, es meorexarisxovani eklesiebia, magram raodenobiT isini sakmarisad bevria. ase rom, qristianobis Semosvlas Cven savsebiT aRWurvilni SevxvdiT saimisod, rom arqiteqturis amocanebi gadawyvetiliyo. es ise ar unda gavigoT, TiTqos manamde arqiteqturis amocanebi saerTod ar wydeboda. Cven es, ubralod, kargad ar

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viciT. Cven vxedavT, vTqvaT, uSvelebel cecxlis taZars dedoflis mindorSi (is sveticxovlis zomisaa, kolosaluria), magram mxolod taZris kvalia miwaze SerCenili. ucnobia, taZari ra simaRlis iyo da rogor viTardeboda zemoTken, iq ra xdeboda. magaliTad, oTxi sveti dgas da gadaxurvad raRac gvirgvinisnairi unda hqonoda, magram aravin icis, es gvirgvini ori Zelisagan Sedgeba Tu maRalia, rogorc Zvel nagebobebSi, darbazovan saxlebSi. arc is viciT, es rogor davadginoT. vin ras varaudobs da vin _ ras. me mainc mgonia, rom es patara iyo, or an sam rigad dalagebuli da adioda kramitis saxuravamde, mere ki aRar viTardeboda, Torem darbazovani saxlis gvirgvini bans scdeba xolme da zemodan qudiviT adgas. Cven ar viciT, uamravi xis detali ranairi iyo. SeRebili iyo? moxaratebuli iyo? ar viciT. Sesabamisad, Zalian Wirs saubari imaze, rogori iyo arqiteqturis mxatvruli done. Wirs laparaki imaze, rac ar viciT. fasadebis warmodgenac SeuZlebelia, radgan gegma amis saSualebas ar iZleva. SeiZleba, iq Zalian martivi elementebi iyo, magram, vTqvaT, sam ferad Rebavdnen, raTa lamazi sanaxavi yofiliyo. amas winaT vuyurebdi samTavroSi aRmoCenil samlocvelos, romelic Zeluri nagebobaa. rekonstruqciisas daxates Cveulebrivi oTxkuTxa Zelebi. rom Sexedav, ar mogindeba aseTi taZari, magram mere vfiqrobdi: marTalia, ase davxateT, magram sinamdvileSi araferi viciT. ki, batono, Zirze sworkuTxaa, magram mere im svetze ra xdeba? iqneb rogor iyo moCuqurTmebuli, rogori saxeebi iyo. egeb moqandakebuli, moxatuli an SeRebili yofiliyo. iqneb iyo kidev raRac, rac ukve veRarasdros verafriT dadgindeba. samwuxarod, qaRaldze naxati mxolod Zalian miaxloebiT suraTs mogvcems. realurad, rogorc ukve vTqvi, arqitequraze saubari mxolod ufliscixis magaliTiT SegviZlia da esec kvlav samuSao da sakvlevi sakiTxia. qristianuli arqiteqtura verasodes iqneboda iseTi, rogoric sinamdvileSia, Tuki manamde yovelgvari mxatvrulobisagan daclili wminda wylis funqciuri mSenebloba gveqnebo-

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da. adamians foTlebisa da totebisagan agebul qoxSic ki Seaqvs odnavi proporcia, raTa Tvali gaaxaros. roca qalaqebsa da taZrebs aSenebdnen, miT umetes, gaakeTebdnen raRacas mxatvruls, magram, ra vqnaT, rom ar viciT. magaliTad, bagineTSi, armazcixeze, mcxeTis Tavze, aRmoCenilia kvali eqvsafsidiani nagebobisa, romelic imdenad dangreulia, rom verc ki vxvdebiT, gadaxuruli rogor iyo. ra iyo am eqvs afsids Soris, srulebiT gaugebaria. Sua adgilze dgas raRacis kvarcxlbeki, TiTqos svetis, magram es erTi sveti rom iyo SuaSi amoCrili, mere zemoT ra xdeboda, ar viciT. samwuxarod, Cven SegviZlia mxolod da mxolod samSeneblo tradicia davadasturoT. rac Seexeba arqiteqturas, masze verafers vityviT. viciT mxolod uzogadesi principi, romelic sivrcis agebasa da garemoSi nagebobis moTavsebas Seexeba. amis iqiT raimes Tqma jerjerobiT ar xerxdeba. Cven SegviZlia vilaparakoT movlenebze mxolod qristianobis Semosvlis xanidan, ufro mainc _ V saukunidan.

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