TiRvis wm. jvris eklesia

11. XII saukunis arqiteqtura. TiRvis wm. jvris eklesia

amjerad minda, TiRvis wm. jvris eklesiaze visaubroT. es gaamyarebs gelaTis mSeneblobaSi daviT aRmaSeneblis monawileobis Taobaze Cvens varauds, romelzec ukve mogaxseneT. gvgonia, rom TiRvis eklesias zusti TariRi aqvs. gvgonia, radgan ornairi minaweri arsebobs da mTlad cxadi ar aris, romeli maTgania sando, magram jerjerobiT mainc miviCnevT, rom ufro swori unda iyos daTariReba 1152 wliT. arsebiTad, gelaTis mere es XII saukunis erTaderi taZaria. vgulisxmob gumbaTovan arqiteqturas, radgan gvaqvs kidev erTi darbazuli eklesia saorbisisa, romelic, bedad, agreTve zustad 1152 wliT aris daTariRebuli. viciT isic, visi aSenebulia igi, viciT matianeSi CanaweriT da vxvdebiT warweriT. vxvdebiT, radgan matianeSi pirdapir weria, rom TiRva aaSena daviT aRmaSeneblis asulma Tamarma, romelic SarvanSas miaTxoves. safiqrebelia, ratom Camovida is aq. ukve daqvrivda? xanSi Sevida? TiTqos ar unda yofiliyo mTlad daberebuli. ra moxda? es istorikosebis saqmea. Cven gvaqvs cnoba da viciT, rom is iq Semonazvnda. isic viciT, rom misi sacxovrebeli iqve iyo. dRes is, ramdenadac mesmis, sul aRar aris, magram jer kidev XIX saukunis bolos, srulebiT aSkarad, eklesiidan sadRac 3,5 metrSi CrdiloeTis mxares idga nangrevi orsarTuliani Senobisa, romelic sasaxle unda yofiliyo. swored sasaxle iqneboda. amaze metyvelebs isic, rom Senobis meore sarTulidan gadadioda xidi da adgeboda CrdiloeT kedelze, warmoidgineT, meore sarTulis simaRleze, gaWril kars. es kari sazeimodaa morTuli da zed aris warwera, romelSic moxseniebulia Tamari. raki es ori monacemi _ matianisa da warwerisa _ erTmaneTs emTxveva, Cven gvesmis, rom es daviT aRmaSeneblis asulia. cxadia, marto saxeli Tamari rom yofiliyo, SeiZleboda, Zalian bevri ram gvevarauda. ra Tqma unda, maSinve ityoda vinme, rom es Tamar mefea, mere gaCndeboda ki-

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dev gauTavelebi varaudebi. am SemTxvevaSi, Cven myarad varT da zustad viciT, raSi iyo saqme. rodesac am taZarze vsaubrobT, mniSvnelovania, rom gaviTvaliswinoT Tamaris biografia. warwera dawerilia iambikoTi da es, mogexsenebaT, erTgvari gauriTmavi leqsia. masSi Tamari mimarTavs jvars saSinel samsjavroze meoxebis TxovniT. TavisTavad, es umagaliTo sulac ar aris. Zvel dros, im gardamwyvet Jams, yvela SesTxovda Semweobas xan vis da xan vis. aq gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom Tamari daviT aRmaSeneblis qali iyo da, rogorc iTqva, srulebiT gansakuTrebuli religiuri gancdebis adamiani. amasTanave, is mahmadianis colyofili gaxldaT. SegiZliaT, warmoidginoT, Tu ras niSnavda im garemoSi amgvari sarwmunoebrivi gznebiT gazrdili adamianisaTvis, rom mahmadian meuRlesTan cxovrobda da mahmadian Svilebs zrdida. es daaxloebiT igivea, rom adamiani idges da xedavdes, rogor ixrCoba mTeli misi ojaxi, Svela kidev ar SeeZlos _ arc Toki hqondes, arc Zala da verafers Svebodes. Tumca es ubeduri SemTxveva iqneboda, TamarTan ki _ nebayoflobiTia. man windawin icoda, rac moxdeboda, magram, ase vTqvaT, raRac msofliuri mosazrebebiT, aseT gansacdelSi Caigdo Tavi. daviT aRmaSenebels molodini gankiTxvis dRisa Zalian Zlierad aqvs gamoxatuli da, cxadia, es raRacanairad Tamarsac unda gadmohyoloda. rogorc etyoba, amanac, am albaT Zalian mZafrma gacdam, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, gansazRvra xuroTmoZRvrebis saxe. gegmas rom daxedavT, sakmaod Cveulebrivia _ gumbaTiani eklesiaa da odnav wagrZelebuli gegma aqvs, ori burji dgas, e.i. sabjenebis aRmosavleTi wyvili afsidis kuTxeebia. es is gegmaa, romlis mixedviTac XI saukunis Sua xanebidan gumbaTian eklesiaTa umravlesoba Sendeba. ori xelic ar dagWirdebaT, ise cotaa sxva magaliTi, sul ramdenimea. Tumca pirveli, rac yuradRebas miiqcevs, albaT isaa, rom eklesias aqvs narTeqsi. es mTlad Cveulebrivi ar aris da amxels, rom narTeqsi saidanRac movida. saidan? mas SeiZleba ori wyaro hqondes _ es

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SeiZleba iyos afxazeTis xuroTmoZRvreba, sadac narTeqsebi aris da SeiZleba iyos gelaTi, sadac agreTve aris, Tumca, ukve mogaxseneT, rom Cemi fiqriT, gelaTSi is swored afxazeTidan, biWvinTis taZridan, unda iyos mosuli. kidev SeiZleba wromi iyos. wromidan xom ar movida? ar aris gamoricxuli, rasakvirvelia. samwuxarod, raime ufro dawvrilebiTi niSnebi, romlebic an erT varauds, an meores gaamarTlebda, axla, am wuTs, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ar gvaqvs. irkveva, rom taZars, amas garda, samxreTidan da CrdiloeTidan ori minaSeni hqonda. isini aRar arsebobs da aRarc XIX saukuneSi arsebobda, magram, sabednierod, darCenili iyo fragmentebi da moCuqurTmebuli TaRi, swored TaRi, ara sarkmlis sapire, aramed TaRis piri _ warmoidgineT momrgvaleba, erTi svetidan meoreze rkali rom gamodis, ai, aseTi rkali, erTianad gamoTlili da moCuqurTmebuli. saiT iyo es? CrdiloeTiT. ukve vTqvi, rom meore sarTulze morTuli karia da esec CrdiloeT fasadzea. amas rom Sexedavs adamiani, gulma reCxi unda uyos, rom raRac ise ver aris. ukve mTliani taZris fotos rom SexedavT, sruliad sakvirvel rames aRmoaCenT. ai, rogori suraTia: srulebiT SiSveli waxnagiani gumbaTis yeli; TiTqmis srulebiT SiSveli aRmosavleTis fasadi, sadac mxolod sarkmels Semodevnebuli raRac zolia (rom ar Cans da Zalian Txeli CarCoc rom ar hqvia, iseTi); erTi moCuqurTmebuli sarkmeli samxreT mxares, romelsac ise ara uSavs, magram, XII saukunisa da nikorwmindis mermindeli arqiteqturis pirobaze, sakmarisad susti da gaugebari aqcentia; ori CuqurTmiani aqcenti CrdiloeT mxares; dasavleT mxares narTeqsia, patronike narTeqsze gadadis da Semdeg dasavleTi mklavTaSorisebis Tavze grZeldeba anu dasavleT mklavs Semosdevs sammxrivi patronike, rogorc, wromidan moyolebuli, araerTxel yofila, Tundac biWvinTaSia da unda yofiliyo gelaTSic, Tumca ar ganxorcielda. narTeqsi gaxsnili aris sami TaRiT da es TaRebi profilirebulia _ CuqurTma ar aris, ise ar aris morTuli, rogorc CrdiloeT fasadze, magram profilirebulia.

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asea Tu ise, ra Tqma unda, rodesac Crdili wveboda, es sami TaRi aqtiuri iyo da Cndeboda iseTi qmediTi elementebi, romlebic kedlis sigluves naklebad aRgaqmevinebdaT. maSasadame, gvaqvs aseTi suraTi, rom yvelaze meti samkauli aris CrdiloeT mxares, Semdeg mas ramdenadme aqtiurobiT Camouvardeba dasavleTi, daaxloebiT toli aris samxreTi, bevrad naklebia aRmosavleTi da sul mTlad umkobia gumbaTi. am drois kvalobaze, es saerTod dauSvebeli unda yofiliyo. saqme isaa, rom, rogorc etyoba, samTavisis Semdeg, yovel SemTxvevaSi, XI saukunis Sua xanebis aqeT erTmniSvnelovnad, Cvens arqiteqturaSi myardeba samkaulis naTeli da erTmniSvnelovani ierarqia _ yvelaze uxvad irTveba gumbaTi, Semdeg mas mosdevs fasadTagan yvelaze datvirTuli aRmosavleTi fasadi, Semdeg samxreTi, Semdeg dasavleTi da CrdiloeTi an sul mourTvelia, an yvelaze mokrZalebulia. ratom aris es ase? saqme is gaxlavT, rom mniSvneloba hqonda, romel mxares uyurebT. simboluri TvalsazrisiT, taZris kedlebi tolfasi ar iyo. gumbaTi simbolurad asocirdeba zecasTan, aRmosavleTi da, odnav masze naklebad, samxreTi _ samoTxesa da edemTan, dasavleTi ukve Crdilis mxarea da CrdiloeTi ki is adgilia, sadac Suqi ar aris, mze arasodes anaTebs. CrdiloeTic xom amitom hqvia?! gasagebia, is rasTanac asocirdeboda. macxovari ityvis erTgan _ `ganved bnelsa mas garesknelsa~ anu iq, sadac Suqi ar aris, RvTaebrivi naTlis brwyinvalebamoklebul sanaxSi, rasac Cven, Cveulebriv, jojoxeTs veZaxiT. jojoxeTi, ra Tqma unda, ar aris raRac ormo, es xom sulieri movlenaa an is adgilia, sadac RmerTis Tanamyofobas, yovel SemTxvevaSi, suli ver grZnobs. cxadia, is yvelgan aris da erTi fsalmuni amas pirdapir ambobs kidec, magram iq misi aRqma adamianis suls da, rogorc Cans, arc angelosur suls ar SeuZlia. unda vTqva, rom ufro adre, VI saukunidan moyolebuli, aseTi erTmniSvnelovani ierarqia ar iyo. maSin aqcenti ufro xSirad Sesasvlelsa an aRmosavleT sarkmelze keTdeboda.

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gumbaTi jer saerTod ar irTveboda da Semdeg _ naklebad, vidre sxva nawilebi. daaxloebiT, X saukunidan nel-nela myardeba swored aseTi sistema da sabolood Camokristalebuli is aris samTavisSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ukve TiRvis aSenebis Jams es srulebiT erTmniSvnelovani ierarqiaa. SexedeT, ra xdeba: Cven gvaqvs ierarqia _ zeda, Semdeg aRmosavleTi, samxreTi, dasavleTi, CrdiloeTi da vxedavT simboluri mniSvnelobis klebas. axlave minda giTxraT, rom es ar aris mxolod CvenTan _ xuroTmoZRvruli an dekoratiuli aqcenti niSnavs raRacis gamoyofas, Sesabamisad, misTvis mometebuli mniSvnelobis miniWebas da, mgoni, es sakmarisad naTelia. ubralod, sxvadasxva dros am simboluri mniSvnelovnebis xarisxi sxvadasxva nawilisaTvis ar aris erTnairi da es gansazRvravs, arsebiTad, damokidebulebas. Tumca, aki vambob, SeuZlebelia, ukve XII saukunis Sua xanaSi ostats ar scodnoda, ra aris mniSvnelovani da ra ara. me mgonia, rom es codna Cans kidevac, Cans swored aseT zust amobrunebaSi. SeiZleboda yofiliyo, davuSvaT, xazgasmuli dasavleTi, Cavardnili samxreTi, Semdeg isev xazgasmuli aRmosavleTi, magram aq daawyves zustad ukuRma da ara ise, rogorc dagviweses samTavisis ostatma da misma Tanamedroveebma. me mainc mgonia, rom es SemTxveviTi ver iqneba. moxda simboluri wesrigis amobruneba da CemTvis Zalian Zneli dasajerebelia, rom es SemTxveviTobaa. rogori SeiZleba iyos amis logika? ra SeiZleba idos aseT ucnaur CanafiqrSi? aris simbolurad mniSvnelovani mxareebi, Cven maT mniSvnelobas varTmevT da, samagierod, vakeTebT aseT Sebrunebul rigs. isev mivyveT logikas: meti samkauli _ meti siwminde. Zalian uxeSad rom vTqvaT, ufro meti siwminde meti mkobiT aRiniSneba. aq kidev gamodis, rom rac naklebia samkauli, miT ufro metia siwminde, rac metia samkauli _ miT ufro naklebia siwminde. SeiZleba Tu ara iyos aseTi logika? principSi, ratomac ara. magaliTad, aris aseTi adgili saRvTo werilSi da is albaT yvelas axsovs, rodesac mose adis sinas mTaze da ufali eubneba, rom xamlni gaiZre, es adgili wminda

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ariso. ratom unda daabijos adamianma wminda miwas SiSveli fexiT da ara xamliT? rogorc Cans, imitom, rom adamianis Tavdapirveli mdgomareoba aris siSiSvle da ara Cacmuloba. yvelas gvaxsovs _ samosis aucilebloba Cndeba maSin, rodesac Semodis codva, rodesac Semodis uwminduri azri, uwminduri vneba. ai, maSin imoseba adamiani. manamde adami da eva verc ki amCnevdnen, rom maT araferi emosaT, rogorc Cans, siwmindis samoseli hqondaT da esec Zalian kargad Cans SesaqmeSi. aris kidevac aseTi SemTxvevebi xelovnebaSi, magaliTad, renesansul xelovnebaSi, rodesac iq SiSveli figura aRniSnavs swored siwmindes _ imas, rom igi ufro naklebad aris Sexebuli miwier realobasTan, vidre gverdiT mdgomi Semosili piri an romelime moqmedi gmiri ama Tu im suraTis.

Tu Cven amas mivyvebiT, maSin Cdeba kiTxva _ marTlacda, samkauli vis sWirdeba? sWirdeba samkauli zecas? cxadia, ara, mosarTavma ra unda akeTos iqiT?! mosarTavi Cven gvWirdeba, Cvens Tvals sWirdeba imisTvis, rom raRacas moeWidos da Tan gaxalisdes, Tan azri waikiTxos. TavisTavad azrs, TavisTavad suls araviTari samkauli ar sWirdeba. rogorc etyoba, logika swored aseTia _ samkauli aq meti miwierebis, RvTaebrivisgan, dawmendilisgan dacilebis niSani xdeba. es Cveulebrivi araa, ar aris is, rac sazogadod iyo miRebuli qristianul xelovnebaSi da, niSandobliv, qarTul qristianul xelovnebaSi. es Cveulebrivi ar aris da ismis kiTxva _ vis SeeZlo xelovanisTvis am ideis miwodeba? TviTon moindoma xelovanma? SeiZleboda, ase gvevarauda, magram mgonia, rom arqiteqtura amas mTlad ar adasturebs. sxvaTa Soris, TiRvis taZars, Tu ar vcdebi, dRes RmrTismSoblis saxeloba aqvs. ar vici, ratom ar miubrunes wminda jvrisa. me vfiqrob, amiT pativs mivagebdiT im dros da TviTon Tamar dedofals, miT umetes, rom jvris saxelze agebuli eklesiebi CvenSi ufro metad Zvelia. am xanaSi erTi vici, XI saukunisa da XII saukuneSi arc meguleba. Zalian klebulobs jvris, rogorc aseTis, Tayvaniscema. cxadia, ar klebulobs

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jvris niSnis mniSvneloba, ra Tqma unda, mas mniSvneloba dResac aqvs, araTu maSin, magram jvari, rogorc calke ram salocavad misamarTi, TiTqos kargavs Zalas da, am mxriv, mniSvnelovani iqneboda swored es saxeloba SegvenarCunebina. imas mogaxsenebdiT, rom es taZari, Sida sivrcis gadawyvetis TvalsazrisiT, mTel am epoqaSi erT-erTi yvelaze STambeWdavia. mogaxsenebdiT, rom am drois arqiteqturisTvis, rac meti elferi aqvs Suqs kaSkaSidan lamis srul sibnelemde, ukeTesia da ai, aq es aris _ aris sruliad Cabnelebuli adgilebi, Zalian gakaSkaSebuli adgilebi da, rac mTavaria, Suq-Crdilis TamaSi Sexamebulia formebTan. xuroTmoZRvarma patronike gaakeTa, is ki rogorRac unda ixedebodes Sida sivrcisken da ixedeba orTaRedebiT. samive mxares dasavleTi mklavis garSemo, meore sarTulze, aris orTaRedi. qvemoT erTi TaRia da zemoT yvelgan _ orTaRedebi. dasavleT kedelze Cveulebrivad aris, xolo am grZiv kedlebze qveda TaRi odnav gawelilia _ naxevarwreze naklebia, iseTi moyvaniloba aqvs, rom mSvildiviT gamoiyureba. arcTu didi dacilebiT misgan aris orTaRedi, romelsac dabali burji aqvs da roca uyurebT, sruli STabeWdilebaa, rom burjs raRac daawva, simaRle daukarga da Semdeg TaRs zemodan es CabuTqunebuli forma daebjina da gawela. zemodan modis dawola da es TaRi, marTlac rogorc mSvildi, TiTqosda ukuagdebs am dawolas. ase moZebnili naxati _ sakmarisad maRali gumbaTis yeli, maRali proporciebi, afsidis gamoxatuli zeswrafva anu RerZi qvemodan zeviT da zemodan qveviT ki simZimis Zalis gancda, amas damatebuli Suq-Crdilis kontrasti _ qmnis Zalian moZrav sivrces, imgvars, rogoric am arqiteqturas uyvars. sivrce ostats Zalian kargad gamouvida, magram gamouvida Tu ara fasadebi? marTali giTxraT, cota meeWveba. saqme isaa, rom rodesac am taZars uyurebT, me mgoni, mainc aris naklulobis usiamovno gancda. ara mxolod imitom, rom, ikorTa, beTania, fitareTi, qvaTaxevi moCuqurTmebulia, es ki _ cotaTi gviania, magram mainc, farTod rom aviRoT, erTi

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epoqaa _ ara. aramarto amitom, mas obieqturad aklia raRac. me meCveneba, rom aq Sefardeba Riobebsa da sibrtyeebs Soris ver moiZebna. TiTqos Riobebi odnav didi rom yofiliyo, maSin fasadze Crdilovani laqa gaCndeboda da es sibrtyes daanawevrebda. siganeebi da simaRleebi, romlebic gvaqvs, Cemi fiqriT, am zedapirebs ver ereva da isini, me ase vityodi, sakmaod sustia. ras vizamT, ostats ar gamouvida, magram raki ar gamouvida, Zneli warmosadgenia, rom man es TviTon moindoma. Tuki ver grZnobda, amas rogor gaakeTebda, ratom unda moendomebina? ratom unda wamosuliyo misgan raRac, rasac aSkarad bolomde ver daZlevda? sivrces SesaniSnavs akeTebs, gareT ki raRac bolomde miyvanili ver aqvs. amitomac me mainc vfiqrob, rom amgvari gadawyveta, amgvari idea, ase vTqvaT, dekoratiuli mkobis Rirebulebis maxvilis amgvari Semobruneba unda ekuTvnodes ara ostats, aramed Tamar dedofals.

Cven aq vxedavT kidev erT Zalian aSkara SemTxvevas, rodesac damkveTi da Semoqmedi erTmaneTs bolomde ver eTanxmebian. Tumca, Tuki daviT aRmaSeneblis SemTxvevaSi aRmoCnda Zalian Taosnobiani ostati, romelmac SeZlo, SigniT Tu gareT srulebiT Sesabamisi forma moeZebna, axla es ukve ase aRar aris _ ostats CuqurTmis Rone aSkarad daaklda, mas daaklda CuqurTma, rogorc gamomsaxveli SesaZlebloba. aq Zalian kargad Cans kidev erTi kanonzomiereba, rom, rasakvirvelia, normaluri urTierToba xelovnebis qmnisa gulisxmobs urTierTobas damkveTisa, romelsac sWirdeba xelovnebis nawarmoebi da Semqmnelisa, romelic mas qmnis. didi xania ukve ase aRar aris, es urTierToba darRveulia, sul gvian, XIX saukunis Sua wlebidan mainc, Tu XVIII saukunis Sua xanidan ara. Tu Tvals gaadevnebT saukeTeso nawarmoebebs, obieqturad, is, rac Rirebulia mxatvrulad, ufro xSirad, dakveTiT Sesrulebuli ar aris da sul piriqiT aris manamde, roca, umniSvnelovanes nawarmoebTagan yvela dakveTilia. dRevandel xelovanT arc ki esmiT, rom SeiZleba dakveTiT imuSao da gulwrfeli iyo. maT hgoniaT, rom, Tu raRac sTxoves, es maT bunebaze, maT Semoq-

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medebiT niWze saSineli Zaladobaa. namdvilad ar aris ase. ai, aq vxedavT, rom unda iyos swored Tanaxmiereba. vfiqrob, rom verc naxavda Tamar dedofali im dros ostats, romelic mis dakveTas Seasrulebda ise, rogorc mas undoda. man aSkarad ar mondoma profili da saerTod araferi. amisaTvis is albaT VI saukuneSi unda dabrunebuliyo. Tumca Semdeg vnaxavT, rom cota gvian erTi aseTi ostati gamoCnda, magram isic ver daexmareboda _ am dros an dabadebuli ar iyo, an sul patara iqneboda. man, ubralod, ver naxa ostati da, rogorc Cans, es iyo kaci, romelsac sxvaze meti SeeZlo, yovel SemTxvevaSi, vinc daTanxmda, rom ase gaekeTebina. didi eWvi maqvs, rom sxvebi ar daTanxmdebodnen an TviTon Tamarma SeaTvaliera da mixvda, rom sxvaze metad es gamoadgeboda. sxvaTa Soris, xelovanTa sayuradRebod unda vTqva, rom damkveTTan urTierTobisas maTi xelobis erT-erTi nawilia, erTi mxriv, daarwmunon damkveTi, rom rasac Tavad sTavazoben, ukeTesia da meore mxriv, yuradRebiT daugdon yuri mas _ damkveTic adamiania, romelic SeiZleba Zalian Wkvianurs da swors gkarnaxobdeT. Tumca, Tuki zustad iciT, rom rogorc gavaleben, ise ar SeiZleba, Tqven unda moaxerxoT misi gadarwmuneba. Tqven amisTvis mzad unda iyoT, sxvagvarad xelovneba ar iqmneba. ar vici, aq ra moxda _ an xelovani aRmoCnda metismetad damyoli, an damkveTi _ metismetad nebisyofiani, an Semoqmedma ubralod raRac ver gaTvala da rac warmoedgina, sxvanairad gamouvida, radgan msgavsi gamocdileba maSin mas ver eqneboda. gamogvivida arqiteqtura, romelic Zalian kargia, magram mainc naklulia. sxva mxriv, es aris umniSvnelovanesi maCvenebeli, umniSvnelovanesi Zegli qarTuli RvTismosaobisa, qarTuli religiuri azrovnebisa. samwuxarod, Cven aseTi nawerebi cota gvaqvs da ai, arqiteqturasac SeZlebia laparaki, SeZlebia gviTxras, im dros ra ifiqres. es ar aris xSiri SemTxveva, magram es swored is magaliTia, romelSic kargad vxedavT azris msvlelobas _ Cven am arqiteqturas kargad vkiTxulobT. im

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siRaribisas, imdeni Txzulebis dakargvisas, imdeni raRacis verSenarCunebisas, rac qarTul kulturas sWirs, Tundac es erTi mxare sakmarisi iqneboda, rom am taZrisTvis Zalian didi mniSvneloba migveniWebina, mas ki Tan sdevs udavo mxatvruli Rirebulebac da istoriuli mniSvnelobac, radgan dakavSirebulia im umniSvnelovanes ojaxTan, romelmac, sxva Tu araferi, saqarTvelos misca ori poeti _ daviT aRmaSenebeli da demetre mefe. demetre mefe srulebiT gansxvavebul leqsebs wers da didi eWvi maqvs, rom is leqsic _ iambikoc _ Tamar dedoflis SeTxzulia. maSin ukve sami adamiania da Cven gvyavs saocari samefo ojaxi, romelSic poetebi, mgoni, mxedarTmTavrebze aranaklebi raodenobiT arian. amasac ver daikvexnis bevri dinastia am codvil dedamiwaze.

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