6. VII saukunis arqiteqtura

Cven saubari daviwyeT qarTuli arqiteqturis, sazogadod, xelovnebisa da, Tumc sxva dargebSi masala mwiria, albaT mTeli kulturis im umniSvnelovanes safexurze, romelic VI-VII saukuneebis mijnas ganekuTvneba. rogorc Cans, swored im dros daiwera Tundac `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~, Cveni uZvelesi matiane. wina jerze vTqviT, rom mcxeTis wminda jvris didi taZris xuroTmoZRvarma, romelsac albaT dakveTa hqonda, iqve IV saukunidan mdgari uZvelesi jvrebis (am jvrebs gadmocema wm. ninosa da wm. mirian mefis saxelebs ukavSirebs) adgilas gumbaTovani taZari aeSenebina da erTgvarad moaxerxa, Tavi moeyara im Zieba-miswrafebaTaTvis, ostatebs jer kidev saukuniT an sulac saukune-naxevriT adre rom amoZravebdaT. gavimeoreb da vityvi: es ar niSnavs, rom wina saukuneebis ostatebi masze nakleb niWierebi iyvnen an nakleb daxelovnebulni. aris xolme xelovnebis istoriaSi etapebi, rodesac romelime did ostats wilad xvdeba, winamorbedi epoqis miRwevebi Seajamos. nu warmovidgenT, TiTqos es uniWo kompilatori iyos. swored am Tavis mobmas, raRacis moTavebas sagangebo SemoqmedebiTi niWi da Zalian didi SemoqmedebiTi muxtic sWirdeba. Cveni kulturis istoriaSi, arqiteqturis istoriaSi, meore aseTi movlena aris samTavisis taZari, romelmac agreTve erTgvarad daabolova didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mimdinare mxatvruli Ziebebi. xandaxan ostati xedavs wina gamocdilebas da rogor gamoiyenos is, esec zustad icis. icis, Tu saiT aris mimarTuli winamorbedTa Zieba da isic, Tu ra SeiZleba iyos am ZiebaTa saboloo mizani. ra gaakeTa xuroTmoZRvarma? rogorc iTqva, wina drois ostatebs moswonT gawonasworebuli sivrce. igi iyenebs oTxafsidian gegmas, iseTs, rogoric iyo Zvel gavazsa da ninowmindaSi, qmnis isev gawonasworebul sivrces, oRond RerZs, romelic sakurTxevliskenaa mimarTuli, odnav sigrZes umatebs da gasakvirvel Sedegs iRebs: adamiani Sedis taZarSi,

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ganicdis mas, rogorc gawonasworebul sivrces, magram sruliad gaucnobiereblad es sivrce mas ubiZgebs, gaixedos sakurTxevlisaken. swored es aris, rac mcxeTis jvris ostats unda _ vxedavdeT TanabarmniSvnelovan, TanabarRirebul nawilebs. isea mowyobili ganaTeba, isea mofiqrebuli gareTa masebis gadawyveta, rom yvela elementi TviTRirebulia, yvela dasrulebulia, yvela mkafiod aRqmadia, magram, amave dros, martivi xerxiT, RerZis odnavi dagrZelebiT, Semodis urRvevi wesrigi. magaliTad, ninowmindis taZarSi, vTqvaT, davabzrialeT gegma da is gaCerda nebismier adgilas, uceb verc mixvdebi, verc gaigeb, rom raRaca moxda, xolo mcxeTis jvarSi es SeuZlebelia _ odnavi Zvra da imwams dairRveva simwyobre gegmisa, simwyobre kompoziciisa. minda, kidev gavimeoro, rom es aris Sedegi ostatis udidesi niWierebisa da, amave dros, wina Taobebis fiqris, wvalebisa da gancdebis Sedegi. axla ostats SesaZlebloba aqvs, isargeblos maTi gamocdilebiT. aris xolme aseTi bednieri Jami. aseTive mdgomareobaSi iyvnen odesRac berZeni ostatebi, rodesac aSenebdnen akropoliss da aqandakebdnen parTenons, aseTive mdgomareobaSi iyvnen XVI saukunis italiaSi rafaeli da miqelanjelo, musikis magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, SegviZlia beThoveni an mocartic gavixsenoT. Tu ram gakeTda evropul musikaSi XVII saukunis bolodan, swored maTTan hpovebs erTgvar dasrulebas, xolo beThovenTan, rogorc miqelanjelosTan an imave akropolisis cota mogviano nagebobebSi, ukve isaxeba axali veqtori, gezi, romelsac daadgeba mxatvruli fantazia. mcxeTis jvris ostatma gaakeTa kidev sxva ram. gakvriT iTqva, rom adrindel xanaSi Cvens ostatebs fasadis morTva gauWirdaT. erTi mxriv, zogadad, adreqristianuli arqiteqtura, garda ramdenime aRmosavluri regionisa, ar swyalobs fasadis morTvas. sxva mxriv, Cvenma ostatebma ar moindomes antikuri formebis Warbad gamoyeneba, rogorc sirielebma an mcireazielebma. isini Tavidan eZeben da, sxvaTa Soris, iSvelieben elementebs, romlebic im antikuri sistemis daSlis Sedegad V saukunis siriaSi warmoiSva. es aris karisa da sarkmlis

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Tavze gavlebuli TaRi, romelsac boloebi Tarazulad aqvs gakecili. Cven mas vuwodebT TavsarTs da, raxan warbs waagavs, zogjer _ warbs. erT-erTi ZiriTadi mamkobi elementi swored es warbi, TavsarTi Tu sulac gadanakecebiani TavsarTia (asec veZaxiT). is Cndeba cota adre wilknis taZris fasadze, magram iqac _ pirdapir siriidan mosesxebul sistemaSi. sistema aseTia: kedelze aris vertikaluri Sverilebi, pilastrebi, maT Soris aris gavlebuli horizontaluri sartylebi, kozmidebi da TiTqos ase daliandagebulia kedeli. da, ai, am or pilastrsa da qvemo TavsarTs Soris warmoqmnil oTkuTxedSi zis sarkmeli da masze gadavlebuli TavsarTi, romelic am Sverilebs Sua aris gaWedili. etyoba, metismetad mosesxebuli aRmoCnda es sistemac da aRar moindomes qarTvelma ostatebma. Catarda aseTi eqsperimenti, magram ar gagrZelda, oRond es TavsarTi, Tanac Semkuli vazis ylortiT, Cans, WkuaSi daujda mcxeTis jvris ostats. ras akeTebs igi? yvela sarkmlis Tavze akeTebs TavsarTs da sakurTxevlis afsidze, romelsac sami sarkmeli aqvs, am TavsarTebs erTmaneTs gadaabams. ai, es gadabmuli TavsarTebic, rogorc motivi, modis siriidan da Semdeg sakmaod didxans rCeba somxeTSi da saqarTvelos mTel miwa-wyalze. magaliTad, IX-X saukuneebis afxazeTis xuroTmoZRvrebaSi Cven vxedavT aseTive gadabmul TavsarTs gumbaTebze, saxeldobr, moqvis gumbaTze. aseTive gadabmul TavsarTs vnaxavT atenis taZrisa an martvilis taZris fasadebze. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom mcxeTis jvars Sexedes, yovel SemTxvevaSi, am motivis mdgradoba da fesvgadgmuloba aSkaraa _ moewonaT is aq. Tumca danarCens arafers siriuli arqiteqturisas mcxeTis jvris xuroTmoZRvari aRar iyenebs. igi akeTebs ise, rom samxreT da CrdiloeT fasadebze erTmaneTis Tavze iyos kari da sarkmeli, romlebic vertikalur RerZs warmoqmnian. maT Tavze Cndeba gumbaTis sarkmeli da iqmneba erTiani RerZi qvemodan zemoT, magram afsidebisa da gverdiTi oTaxebis sarkmlebi yvela erT rigzea da Cven vxedavT horizontalur rigs, romelsac exmianeba TavsarTTa es

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maxvilebi. Cven vxedavT fasads, romelic aseTi mZlavri vertikaluri da horizontaluri xazebiT iqmneba da Tanac am vertikalur svlaSi Casmulia reliefebi. asea samxreT fasadze, ase aris aRmosavleT fasadze, magram CrdiloeT da dasavleT fasadebs ostati ar amkobs. pirvel rigSi, imitom, rom erTic da meorec, simboluri TvalsazrisiT, ase vTqvaT, ufro naklebad Rirebulia, vidre aRmosavleTi da samxreTi fasadebi da kidev imitom, rom CrdiloeTidan ukve idga patara eklesia da misi bWe (dResac dgas orive, sabednierod). yvela, vinc mcxeTis jvarSi namyofia, dameTanxmeba, rom iq risame danaxva srulebiT SeuZlebelia. miwaze Tu dawvebi, im sarkmlis Tavis danaxva egeb moaxerxo, dasavleTis fasadTan ki misadgomic ar arsebobs. erTaderTi, vinc mas xedavs mercxali an Ramuraa, adamiani ki _ mxolod qvemodan, aragvis napiridan. Sesabamisad, mcxeTis jvris taZris maSenebeli ostati dasavleT sibrtyeze zedmeti danawevrebis Seqmnas moerida, raTa ar gaCeniliyo Crdili, romelic Soridan gamoCndeboda, rogorc daWmuWnili forma. veravin mixvdeboda, es ra aris, da iqneboda sakmaod usiamovno. xuroTmoZRvarma esec gaiTvaliswina da, rasakvirvelia, amaSic Cans ostatoba. aRarafers vambob imaze, Tu rogor Seqmna man forma SigniT amdenad gawonasworebuli da garedan kidev sakvirveli: is ar aris zemswrafi da, imavdroulad, ar aris gawolili, TiTqos gaCerebulia im zRvarze, sadac horizontalurad gaSla da zemoT gawelva erTmaneTs xvdeba, imdenad Tanabarzomieria, rom arc win miiswrafvis da arc zemoT, arc ganSi midis da arc sigrZeSi. araCveulebrivad aris moTavsebuli TviT taZari mTel am garemoSi. yvelasaTvis cnobilia gasaocari STabeWdileba, visac odesme mouwia, am gziT fexiT, manqaniT Tu matarebliT gaevlo _ taZari TiTqos pirdapir kldidan aris amozrdili. dRes verc ki warmovidgenT, rom odesme SeiZleba sxvanairad yofiliyo. namdvilad iyo, magram amis warmodgena gviWirs. mcxeTis jvari pirdapiri dasuraTebaa martin haidegeris naTqvamisa, rodesac taZari daidga, mTac maSin gamoCndao. oRond igi amas berZnul taZrebze ambobs. da marTlac, rom ara es

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taZari, ise CavivlidiT, yuradRebas albaT arc ki mivaqcevdiT am mTadrekas ferdisas, aragvispiridan zemoT rom adis. TiTqos taZari qmnis iseT maxvils, rom Cven bunebasac sxvanairad vxedavT. vxedavT mSvenierebas, romelsac warmosaCenad adamianis xeli dasWirvebia. da Tumca verafers viqmT imis umjobess, rac ukve ufals Seuqmnia, Cven Turme SegvZlebia, TanamoZmeT davexmaroT, ukeT dainaxon bunebis amgvari harmonia. mcxeTis jvari Zalian mniSvnelovani arqiteqturuli magaliTi aRmoCnda. qarTlSi ateni, kaxeTSi Zveli SuamTa, dasavleT saqarTveloSi martvili (aSenebis TariRi sakamaToa, magram faqtia, rom es dasavleTi saqarTveloa) da kidev Camxusi, samxreT saqarTvelos erTi Zalian dangreuli eklesia _ yvela es taZari ambobs, rom ostatebma saqarTvelos yvela mxareSi moindomes, TiTo-TiTo aseTi taZari hqonodaT. SeiZleba meticaa da Cven ar vicnobT an sadme tyeSi imaleba, rogorc amas winaT aRmoCnda sanagiris yvelasaTvis cnobili bazilikidan marTla aT nabijSi. Turme mdgara patara eklesiis nangrevi, romelic veravin SeniSna, daaxloebiT, 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi. iq srulebiT SemTxveviT moxvda Cveni kolega, b-ni kaxa ximSiaSvili. iyo dacvenili foTlebi, iyo zamTari. uceb dainaxa eklesia da Tavidan verc ki dauSva, rom cnobili ar iqneboda. didad gaocda, roca gairkva, rom misi arsebobis Sesaxeb kaciSvilma araferi icis. marTlac sakvirvelia. aseTi ucnauri qveyana varT. amas vyvebi da Tavs vizRvev, radgan ramdenjerac raRacaze iTqva, rom marto es gvaqvs, imdenjerve aRmoCnda, rom kidev sadRac aris. sul ar gamovricxav, rom romeliRac tyeSi, romeliRac koromSi kidev erTi amgvari dangreuli taZari imaleba. marTlac, yvelaferi SeiZleba iyos, Tumca jerjerobiT sul es aris, rac viciT. aqve unda iTqvas, rom msgavsi gegmarebis taZrebi aris somxeTSi, Tumca axla ar Rirs maTze sityvis gagrZeleba. srulebiT aSkaraa, rom es ori sxvadasxva movlenaa da sul sxva sakiTxia, hqondaT Tu ara maT rame saerTo. am arqiteqturis SemTxvevaSi, CvenTvis mniSvnelovania ara mxolod mxatvruli xarisxi, aramed is, rac aq xdeba: Cndeba

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Camoyalibebuli fasadi. kavkasiisa da, kerZod, saqarTvelos arqiteqtura, bizantiurisagan gansxvavebiT, svams fasadis problemas da amis Sesaxeb Tavis droze, jer kidev 1876 wels, Tqva nikodime kondakovma, Zalian cnobilma rusma mecnierma, arsebiTad, saxelovnebaTmcodneo bizantinistikis Semqmnelma. me ukve mogaxseneT, rom Tavidan es TiTqos ase ar aris, magram gare saxes rom yuradRebas aqceven, Cans Tundac imiT, Tu rogor SearCia ostatma bolnisis taZris feri. magram axla ukve sxva ram xdeba: cxadia, roca rames aSeneb, iq aris Riobebi, aris danawevrebuli zedapiri. mniSvnelovania is, Tu rogor aRiqmeba Sexedvisas garkveuli mowesrigebuloba. am mxriv, Zalian karg magaliTs gvaZlevs erelaanT saydris eklesia, romelic winaTac vaxsene da vfiqrob, VI saukunis dasawyisisa unda iyos (yovel SemTxvevaSi, pirveli naxevrisa ueWvelad aris). SevadaroT is VII saukunis mcxeTis jvris cotaTi momdevnod (30-40 wlis Semdeg) aSenebul samwevrisis wminda jvris eklesias, qarTlSi rom dgas, qarelis siaxloves. is, sxvaTa Soris, adgilmdebareobiT jvars Camohgavs. roca patara viyavi, saidanRac momavals sul meCveneboda, rom ukve mcxeTaSi var, Tumca irkveoda, rom raRac sxva aris, ar aris mcxeTa. es ori nageboba aSkarad exmianeba erTmaneTs aRnagobiT, proporciebiT, albaT kidev raRaciT. erelaanT saydarSic da samwevrisSic xdeba aseTi ram: orivegan aris erTi kari, is moTavsebulia samxreT mklavis samxreT kedelSi da dasavleTisaken aris odnav daZruli. erelaanT saydarSi gverdiT, anu CrdiloeT da samxreT mklavebSi, damatebulia patara afsidebi da amitom gamovida ase. sameklesiian bazilikebSi sami trapezi dasWirdaT da etyoba, aqac undodaT, hoda gaakeTes kidec, xolo imisTvis, rom adamiani taZarSi Sesvlisas pirdapir mklavis Sua xazze da gumbaTis centrisaken gzaze daeyenebinaT, gaWres kari, mklavs rogorc mouxda, magram fasadisaTvis asimetriuli romaa. am asimetrias karis TavsarTi da mis mimarT sruliad gaugebrad moTavsebuli sarkmeli metad amZafrebs, araTu Svelis. samwevriselma ostatma es kari iseTnairad moaTavsa, Tu ar ici,

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verc ki xedav, rom is daZrulia. roca iq pirvelad mivedi, ukve vicodi, rom kari daZrulia (gamocda Cabarebuli mqonda da es yvelaferi zepirad vicodi), mainc kinaRam Tvalebi daviTxare da amas yovelTvis vuyvebi xolme Cems studentebs. vfiqrobdi: RmerTo, ai, xom vici, daZruli unda iyos da ratom ver vxedav, ratom vxedav centrSi? da ram miSvela? bolos aRmovaCine, rom karis aRmosavleTi kide da mis Tavze mdebare sarkmlis dasavleTi kide erT xazze aris. ai, es davinaxe da maSin ki mivxvdi, rom namdvilad daZrulia. Tumca karisa da sarkmlis zoma ostats imgvarad aqvs SerCeuli, rom xedavT maT, rogorc Tanazomiers. ai, es _ erT xazze asxma _ qmnis wesrigis STabeWdilebas. erelaanT saydris ostats is gamouvida, am SemTxvevaSi ki, xuroTmoZRvari sruliad Segnebulad icavs simetrias. SegviZlia, es analiturad vaCvenoT. kavTisxevisa da winarexis maxloblad aris erTi patara, aseve Tavisufali jvris tipis eklesia ufro gviani xanisa, me vfiqrob, X saukunisa. iqac asea, oRond iq kari mozrdilia da daZrulia dasavleTiT, sarkmeli ki aris patara. amgvarad, Tqven xedavT kontrasts ori Riobisa _ didisa da patarisa, romlebic sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT wavida da aseve xedavT am Riobebis dacilebas. es sruliad Segnebulad agebuli disonansuri kompoziciaa, kompozicia, sadac unda iyos kontrasti da es kontrasti aris ara mxolod adgilmdebareobaSi, aramed aris zomaSic. ai, swored amgvarad aris yovelTvis gaformebuli fasadi VI-VII saukuneebis mijnis qarTul arqiteqturaSi da ara im azriT, rom is aucileblad Semkulia. uamravi eklesiaa, romelic umkobia, zogi sulac riyis qviTaa nagebi. kaxeTSi, arsebiTad, XVI saukunemde saerTodac Zalian iSviaTia xuroTmoZRvruli samkauli. XIV saukuneSi aris eklesiaTa jgufi, romelsac uxvad morTuls namdvilad ver uwodeb. Tumca es fasadebi, umkobia Tu Semkuli, yovelTvis aris komponirebuli da Tqven xedavT, rogor agebs adamiani kompozicias. viRacas gamosdis, viRacas ar gamosdis, magram amieridan yovelTvis aris amocana, rom gakeTdes mowesrigebuli fasadi. ra Tqma unda, es TvalsaCinoa, roca arsebobs morTuloba da Cven vxe-

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davT, rogor nawildeba mosarTavebi, rogoria maTi urTierTSefardeba Tundac zomebiT an moxazulobiT, rogoria maTi SeTanxmeba _ kontrastuli Tu Sexmatkbilebuli. amasTan erTad, imave kaxeTSi aris uamravi eklesia, sadac karebisa da sarkmlebis urTierTmimarTebiT, SefardebiT, iqmneba urTulesi kompoziciebi, romlebic marTla gakvirvebs, nuTu adamians azrad mouvida, gaekeTebina raRac aseTi. mcxeTis jvari am mxrivac erTgvari mijnaa, erTgvari maniSni. mas mosdevs kidev erTi VII saukunis taZari. wromis eklesia istoriulad sainteresoa imiT, rom aris erT-erTi pirveli, msoflio arqiteqturaSi sulac uadresi magaliTi gumbaTovani taZrisa, sadac iqmneba sivrciTi jvari, magram gumbaTi damyarebulia mklavebis kedlebze. es Zalian martivi warmosadgenia, Tu daxazavT Tavisufali jvris tipis gegmas anu ubralod daxazavT jvars, gaukeTebT kedlebs sisqes da warmoidgenT, rom SuaSi maT gadakveTaze gumbaTia. axla warmovidginoT, rom aq kedlebi ki ar aris, burjebi dgas da sivrciTi jvari Cndeba kamarebiT, oRond kuTxeebi aris Sevsebuli, xolo kedlebi grZeldeba mklavis piris aqeT-iqiT. aRmosavleTiT, bunebrivia, aris sakurTxeveli, dasavleTiT kidev ori ube Cndeba. amas gabriel milem, frangma mecnierma, 100 wlis win `Cawerili jvris~ tipi uwoda, Cven ki, qarTvelma xelovnebaTmcodneebma, avitaceT es marjve termini da mas viyenebT xolme. CvenTan rom aris am tipis adrindeli nimuSi (CvenTanacaa da aris somxeTSic), es xom TavisTavad sainteresoa, magram ufro sainteresoa kidev erTi faqti: Cvens kolegebs ruseTsa da dasavleTSi saSinlad aSfoTebT is garemoeba, rom amierkavkasiaSi aris aseTi tipi, konstantinopolSi ki ar aris. amitom, ra Tqma unda, varaudoben, rom aseTi taZari iqac iyo da sadRac gaqra. ivaraudon, ki, batono, es arc aravis akninebs da arc aravis arafers matebs. saqme isaa, rom wromeli xuroTmoZRvari didi arqiteqtori iyo, Zalian didi xelovani. mas, rogorc Cans, hqonda rTuli davaleba, aego taZari, romelsac, ar viciT, risTvis, sakurTxevlis aqeT-iqiT eqneboda damatebiTi samlocveloe-

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bi, xolo dasavleTiT _ patronike, albaT, qarTlis erisTavisa an adgilobrivi feodalis dasadgomad, Tumca dazustebiT esec ar viciT. taZari ucnauri monumenturobiT gamoirCeva da es didxans iyo srulebiT gaugebari, vidre 1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, b-ni zaza sxirtlaZis publikaciis wyalobiT, ar SevityveT, rom sakurTxevlis gverdiT niSaSi, rogorc Cans, wm. raJdenis nawili unda yofiliyo. ai, warmodgineT sakurTxeveli da samkveTlos kari, maT Soris gaCenil sibrtyeze ki _ niSa. aRmoCnda, rom iq aris adrindeli savedrebeli warwerebi, IX saukunes rom ar gadmoscdeba, iseTi. etyoba, iq iyo an sulac axlac aris dafluli raRac nawili wm. raJdenisa, SesaZlebelia _ zardaxSaSi an raRac dasasvenebelSi, romelic niSaSi idga. amas Cven axla ver gavarkvevT da amwuTas rac viciT, es aris. es taZari, etyoba, aris am pirvelmowamis _ wm. raJdenis _ wamebis saxsovari. wm. raJdeni pirveli wmindania Cveni eklesiisa, sakuTriv saqarTvelos eklesiisa, Tumca, rogorc araerTi sxva, tomiT sparselia. da marTlac, radgan gviandel wyaroSi naTqvamia, rom am adgilas ewama wm. raJdeni, Cans, es ase iyo, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase icoda saqarTvelos maSindelma eklesiam. saerTod, am mxriv, qristianobis adrindeli xana Tavisebur suraTs iZleva: wmindanebi, ufro xSirad, sxva qveynebSi wmindandebian. palestineli wmindanebi, magaliTad, yovelTvis saidanRac mosulebi arian: vin _ saberneTidan, vin _ mcire aziidan da vin _ saidan. amas winaT vnaxe, magaliTad, mcireazieli, romelic italiaSi damkvidrda da wmindani iq gaxda, aleqsi RvTiskaci romSi iyo. Tundac slavTa ganmanaTleblebi, kirile da meTodi, konstantinopoleli berZnebi arian, yovel SemTxvevaSi, bulgarelebi an serbebi namdvilad ar yofilan. erTi sityviT, win da ukan siarulis rTuli suraTia da CvenTanac, daaxloebiT, asea. swored am rTuli amocanis gansaxorcieleblad dasWirda wromel ostats oTxi burji da maTze gadayvanili gumbaTi. usuraTod da Tvalis Seuvleblad amaze laparaki amaoa. ubralod, vityvi, rom es araCveulebrivad Sesrulebuli arqiteq-

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turaa. es ar aris magidasTan kalkulatoriT miRweuli gaazrebuloba, romelic Sedegad mxolod usicocxlobasa da meqanikurobas iZleva, es zedmiwevniTobaa, romlis wyaroc yvela wvrilmanisadmi ostatis yuradRebaa. vuyureb xolme mcxeTis jvris taZars, bolnisis sionis interiers, wroms, kumurdos, vaCnaZianis yvelawmindis eklesias, Tundac samwevriss da yovelTvis mefiqreba: sad poulobda arqiteqtori ostatebs, romelTagan yvela anTebuli iyo? iqneb gawafuli ostati arqiteqtoris xelSi xdeboda Semoqmedi? amis magaliTad gamodgeba orkestri, romelic sxvadasxva diriJorTan sxvadasxvanairad ukravs. kargi orkestri cud diriJorTanac kargad daukravs, saSualo donisa ki... warmoudgeneli gansxvavebaa, adamianebi xom ar Secvaleso, xandaxan fiqrob. ara, maT gverdiT gaCnda cecxli, sulieri energia, romelmac aiyolia da garkveuli mimarTulebiT waiyvana. raRac amdagvari xdeba arqiteqturaSic, ase vfiqrob, Tumca albaT didi ostatebi gverdiT mxolod aseTives gaiCerebdnen. albaT esec aris, sxvanairi momTxovnelobaa. amas kvleva unda, romelic me, marTali giTxraT, rogor unda Catardes, kargad ver warmomidgenia. wromelma ostatma, Zalian martivad rom vTqvaT, moifiqra ori ram. maT gasagebad unda gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi: rodesac Sendeba xolme sakurTxevlisa da aqeT-iqiT oTaxebis afsidebi, maT Soris Cndeba qvis masa, romelic konstruqcias ar sWirdeba. masze arc kamarebis dawola gadadis da arc arafris. amitom araerTi arqiteqtori, magaliTad, siriul aRmosavleTSi, cdilobs, es masa rogorme mospos. ras aRar akeTeben, qmnian raRac gaugebar kunWulebs, xandaxan win gamosweven gverdiT oTaxebs da iqmneba sakvirveli suraTi: sakurTxeveli, mTavari nawili, Cavardnilia da gverdiTi moculobebi win aris gamosuli. ver vityvi, rom es cudi arqiteqturaa, magram mTlad logikuri albaT mainc ar aris, meorexarisxovani win modiodes da mTavari SigniT Sediodes. Tanac es xom rizalitebiani sasaxle ar aris, rodesac gvaqvs patara gamonaSverebi da didi, grZeli fasadi. aseT dros, ra Tqma unda, es horizonta-

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luri nawili mniSvnelobs, Cvens SemTxvevaSi ki, aseTi Sefardeba ar aris. hoda, wromelma ostatma umartivesi ram gaakeTa _ aiRo da fasadze moawyo samkuTxa niSebi. am niSebSi Cadga Sewyvilebuli svetebi, romlebzec raRac idga _ an jvari, an qandaki, an simbolo, erTi sityviT, raRac moculoba, romelic Zalian ki gvinda gavigoT, magram jerjerobiT ar viciT, ra aris. man gadawyvita konstruqciuli problema da Tanac swori kedlis mqone nagebobas pirdapir Tu Sexedav, atyob, rom SuaSi aris sakurTxeveli anu mTavari nawili da aqeT-iqiT kidev _ ori sadgomi. am niSebma aCvena Sida danawevreba da, imave dros, mospo kedlis arasaWiro masa. amas garda, ai, rogor gaakeTa patronike _ ostatma taZars gaukeTa narTeqsi. mas sWirdeba patronikeze asasvleli kibe. sad moaTavsos is? aiRo da moaTavsa narTeqsis boloSi. is CrdiloeTiTaa da mis sapasuxod samxreTiT aris raRac oTaxi. am oTaxis funqcia Cven ar viciT, magram aSakaraa, rom maSin mas aSkarad hqonda raRac datvirTva da azri. maT SuaSi narTeqsia. narTeqsis Tavze xuroTmoZRvari awyobs patronikes, romelic eklesiaSi yovelgvari danawevrebis gareSe gamodis _ misi kamara, faqtobrivad, agrZelebs dasavleTi mklavis kamaras. es rom ar yofiliyo, gamovidoda aseTi ram: mokle dasavleTi mklavi, Rrma sakurTxeveli da asimetria. aman kidev aiRo, rogorc pasuxi sakurTxevlisa, narTeqsis Tavze TvalisaTvis daumata sivrce da miviReT absoluturi gawonasworebuloba. TiTqos xom araferia, magram faqtia, rom aseTi ram TavSi azrad ar mosvlia arsad arasdros aravis. aseTi genialuri ostati gvyavda, magram es ar mowmobs imas, rom Cven varT magrebi. es mowmobaa imisa, rom gvaqvs arqiteqtura, romelsac aqvs mwvervalebi da hyavs amdenad martivisa da genialuris Semqmneli didostatebi. aris kidev erTi detali, romelzedac yovelTvis vaCereb msmenelis yuradRebas: jvrisebri burjebi da am jvrebis mklavebs Soris Cadgmuli wvrili naxevarsvetebi. am naxevarsvetebs pasuxobs gumbaTqveSa TaRebis safexurebi. aris ganieri safexuri da am wvril svetebs eyrdnoba viwro safexu-

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ri. konstruqciulad is aucilebeli sul ar aris, magram moaSorebT Tu ara am naxevarsvets fotosa an naxazze, aRmoCndeba, rom burji srulebiT sxvanairad, mZimed, gamoiyureba. arada, wromis ostats es ar surs. mas unda, rom burjs ar hqondes simZime, magram is iyos Ronieri. hoda, is ar aris mCate, magram, ase vTqvaT, arc miwazea dabjenili. Cven ver aRviqvamT, rom mas zemodan raRac daawva da am dawolas, ar waiqceso, SeaSveles didi masa _ sabjeni. gancda gaWirvebisa, vai, ramodena burjia da ramodena tvirTs zidavso, srulebiT ar aris. sakvirveli ramaa es konstruqcia _ sivrciTi jvari arasdros dangreula. gumbaTi ratomRac ingreoda da mklavebi ki ar ingreva. iq dResac aris Tavdapirveli kamarebi, danakargebiT, magram oTxive mimarTulebiT aris Tavisive didi kamarebis fragmentebi, TaRebi aris Tavdapirveli. absoluturad ar mesmis, es ra aris, magram faqtia, rom es kvanZi kidev myaric gamouvida da esec, rasakvirvelia, arqiteqtoris Rirsebaze metyvelebs. aRarafers vambob imaze, rogor gaanawila man dekoratiuli aqcentebi, Tundac _ TavsarTebi. odnav aCuqurTmebs: es xan rombebia, xan patara ylortia, xan am boloebgakecil TaRs Rilisebri badroebi miuyveba. es sarkmlebisa da karebis Tavebzea. amis garda, samxreTi da dasavleTi karis Tavze Cndeba are da iqaa jvrebi _ dasavleTis jvari liTonisas hgavs da aris mkacri, samxreTisa ganedlebulia da sul vfiqrob, rom es SeuZlebelia. gana SesaZlebelia, es gakeTdes saWreTliT? es SeiZleba yofiliyo akvarelis funji _ ai, ase gausves da gaidrika... rainairad gamokveTa, gaugebaria, magram moaxerxa da axla veRarafers uSveli. es martivi maxvilebi aris araCveulebrivi saSualeba, raTa didi sibrtye danawevrdes da es ar aris advili. SeiZleboda, zedapirebi mosawyeni da usulguloc gamosuliyo. Tumca man moaxerxa, sarkmlis zomisa da kedlis farTis SefardebiT, erTi mxriv, daecva kedeli, Zalian mniSvnelovani zedapiri, romelic sazRvravs moculobas. Cven ver vguobT mousazRvrav sivrces, Cven is gvawuxebs da es qarTuli arqiteqturis Tvi-

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sebaa dasawyisidan, yovel SemTxvevaSi, XX saukunemde. sacxovrebeli oTaxebi, romelic axdilia SeiZleba sadme naxo, magram taZari, rogorc wesi, mofarglulia, mosazRvruli. sxva mxriv, ostatoba imaSia, rom sivrce ar aris mkvdari, ar aris carieli. amgvari danawevreba RiobebiTa da TavsarTebiT, kidev patara jvrebiT frontonebis wverebSi savsebiT sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom is cocxali iyos, sunTqavdes. es srulebiT araCveulebrivi arqiteqturaa. am epoqas erTgvarad ganasrulebs samwevrisis taZari. xolo karis daZvra odnav dasavleTiT SemTxveviTi araa da, Tumc sxva saubris Temaa, mainc getyviT, rom es gaxlavT garkveuli gemovnebiTi cvlilebis niSani. axla ki mxolod ramdenime sityviT minda vTqva, rom am adreuli epoqidan Cven gvaqvs saero arqiteqturis ramdenime nimuSic. magaliTad, ujarmis naqalaqari, sadac dResdReobiT yvelaze kargad misi zeda cixe Cans. iq aris patara Zveli eklesia, romelic ramdenimegzis aris gadakeTebuli. aqac sakvirveli suraTia _ uTleli qviT aris nagebi, Tanac yvela qva TiTqmis erTi zomisaa da rom uyureb, sruli STabeWdilebaa, rom es rustrirebuli zedapiri aris. arada, ar aris ase, ubralod, maT es qvebi ar gaTales, magram iseTnairad daawyves, wyobas imdenad kanonzomieri saxe misces, rom is savsebiT mxatvrulia da ujarmul wyobad iwodeba kidec. garda koSkebisa, garda zRudisa, romelic im Zveli droidan SemogvrCa, iq aris kidev raRac nangrevi, romelic SesaZloa vaxtang gorgaslis sadgomi iyos. Cven gvaqvs vaxtang gorgaslis kidev erTi nasasaxlevi, romelic Weremis naqalaqarzea. iq ori Senoba dgas. samwuxarod, isea dangreuli, rom kargad ar Cans, ase vTqvaT, sarTulovneba, karebi rogor iyo gadaxuruli (ki adis maRalze, daaxloebiT, 2 m-ze, magram ar etyoba, rogor ixureboda _ TaRiT iyo Tu brtylad), sad iyo sarkmlebi. es rTuli nagebobebia. rogorc etyoba, iyo didi ezo, sadac idga ori sasaxle, kidev raRac da ai, es raRac ar Cans. modiT, vTqvaT isic, rom kar-midamos dagegmareba, sadac, sasaxlis garda, kidev bevri sxva nagebobaa, CvenTan XIX saukunemde modis. dasavleT saqar-

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TveloSi, mgoni, dResac cal-calke aris sasiminde, samzadi, sacxovrebeli saxli da asevea, sxvaTa Soris, saingiloSi. Zalian sainteresoa, rom qveynis kideebSi, dasavleT da aRmosavleT ukidures wertilebSi, gegmarebis erTi da igive wesia. ratom aris ase, Zneli saTqmelia, magram asea. magaliTad, arsebobs XVIII saukunis erT-erTi kar-midamos aRweriloba, sadac vkiTxulobT, rom saZineblebi calke aris gatanili da swori giTxraT, es kargad ar mesmis. davuSvaT, zafxulSi, karg amindSi gamovidoda adamiani darbazidan da saZinebelSi wavidoda, magram Tovlsa da wvimaSi ratom unda evlo ezoSi? Tan didi ezoa, patara nakveTi ki ar aris da ratom unda ebodialaT RamiT erTi Senobidan meoreSi, ver vxvdebi. isic ar mesmis, rogor iyo mowyobili, rogor idga. es kar-midamo gaTxrili ar aris, amitom bevri araferi viciT, magram principi rom erTiania da, rogorc xedavT, V-VI saukuneebis mijnidan XVIII saukunemde ucvlelia, es ki aris faqti. samwuxarod, es Zalian cotaa. Cven ar viciT Zveli Tbilisis gegmareba, ar viciT, aq rogori zRude aSenda, Tumca zRude ueWvelad iqneboda, radgan mouzRudavi qalaqi aravis gaego. Zalian cudad viciT, rogori iyo adre Sua saukuneebis mcxeTa. urbnisi gaTxrilia, magram mainc ar viciT, rogori qalaqi iyo. zRudeebi viciT, taZari viciT, magram ubnebi, quCebis qselebi ar viciT _ zemodan dRevandeli dasaxlebebia da araferi Cans. erTaderTi, rac am mciredi narCenebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT isaa, rom samoqalaqo mSeneblobaSic, saero mSeneblobaSic namdvilad ar vmconareobdiT da vmuSaobdiT _ raRacas veZebdiT da albaT mTel msoflioSi miRebul sqemebs sakuTar saWiroebebsa da gemovnebas vargebdiT. am mxriv, sainteresoa daaxloebiT am epoqis nagebobebi, romlebic SemorCenilia noqalaqevSi, dasavleT saqarTveloSi. abano, magaliTad, iq kvlavac savsebiT romaulia, sasaxle ki, Tu is imdroindelia, TiTqos sxvanairia. samwuxarod, isic Zalian dangreulia. qveyana aqtiurad cxovrobda. ubralod, Cven jerjerobiT mxolod erT mimarTulebaze SegviZlia msjeloba. nugeSad,

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rogorc adrec vTqvi, mxolod isa gvaqvs, rom gezis mimcemi mainc iyo salocavis, taZris arqiteqtura, sadac SemoqmedebiTi cecxli yvelaze Zlierad gizgizebda. es ase iyo yvelgan _ samahmadianoSi, budistebTan, induistebTan da, ra Tqma unda, qristianebTanac. faqtobrivad, es asea mTel saqristianoSi albaT XVII saukunemde. XVII saukunis ukve Sua xanebidan aSkarad iwyebs dawinaurebas sxva Temebi da Tumca taZrebi, maT Soris mxatvrulad RirsSesaniSnavic, cxadia, Sendeba, sayuradRebo mainc ufro sasaxleTa xuroTmoZRvrebaa. XVII saukunis arqiteqturaze roca aris saubari, xelovnebis istoriaSi cotaTi mainc Caxeduls pirveli rac gaaxsendeba, mainc versalis sasaxle iqneba da ara vTqvaT wm. pavles taZari londonSi an Tundac parizis XVII saukunis eklesiebi. epoqis saxe aris versali, arada, vTqvaT, XIII-XIV saukuneebSi ase araa. im epoqaSi, pirvel yovlisa, gaxsendeba taZrebi. mere da mere gamoCndeba, rom daaxloebiT im epoqaSi CvenTanac raRac amdagvari xdeba. XVI-XVII saukuneebi da XVIII saukune _ ai, aq aris es gardatexa. amgvarad, imis Tqmas, rom Cveni cxovreba evropul kalapotSi mimdinareobda, garkveuli safuZveli marTlac eZebneba. Tu vityviT, rom pirdapiri kavSiri arsebobda, simarTle ar iqneba, magram am saerToqristianul cxovrebas raRac iseTi aqvs, rac mis TiTqosda gaTiSul (SuaSi Cndeba qveynebi, romlebic erTmaneTTan ar gviSvebs) dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs erTi mimarTulebiT miaqanebs.

Semdegi xana, romelzec unda visaubroT, emTxveva axal istoriul garemoebebs. pirvel yovlisa, ra Tqma unda, arabTa Semosevas, ufro zustad, arabTa saxelmwifos gamoCenas vgulisxmob. es CvenTvis Semoseva iyo da misTvis _ axali, uzarmazari saxelmwifos formireba, saxelmwifosi, romelmac mTeli msofliosa da Cvens cxovrebaSic Zalian bevri ram Secvala. oRond, erTi ram SeiZleba axlave iTqvas: Cveni mxatvruli Semoqmedebis mimarTulebas arabebma veraferi mouxerxes, rogorc Cans _ verc sulieri cxovrebisas. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT srulebiT ucvales saxe, magaliTad, iranis uzarmazar,

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Zvel saxelmwifosa da kulturas, Tundac sirias, siriul aRmosavleTs, amierkavkasiaSi _ saqarTveloSic da somxeTSic _ es sxvanairad aisaxa. ver moerivnen. iqneb imitom, rom maTi Zala gailia, sanam movidodnen, sxva qveynebSi imdeni iomes, iqneb aRar SerCaT mosarevi, kisermosagrexi Rone an raime sxva mizeziT, magram maT danamdvilebiT ver moaxerxes Cveni cxovrebis wesis morRveva, Cveni sulieri mimarTulebisTvis ramis daSaveba da verc mxatvruli Ziebebis gawyveta. Cveni cxovreba, rasakvirvelia, garkveuli SeyovnebiT, garkveuli dabrkolebebiT, magram mainc grZeldeba ise, rogorc es umaTodac iqneboda. Tu ratom vfiqrobT ase da ra gvaZlevs amis safuZvels, amaze ukve Semdgom visaubrebT.

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