14. gviani Sua saukuneebis arqiteqtura

Cven ukve, arsebiTad, mimovixileT is xana, romlis Sesaxebac axla SedarebiT dawvrilebiT unda mogaxsenoT. es periodi, romelsac, Cveulebriv, gvian Sua saukuneebs uwodeben moicavs, XV-XVII saukuneebs, Tumca XV saukunes mainc naklebad, radgan es ufro moSuSebis dro iyo. axali damTavrebuli iyo Temur lengis gamanadgurebeli Semosevebi, romlebic, rogorc vTqviT, darCa, rogorc mouSuSebeli iara. gaukacrielebul qalaqebsa da soflebs, romlebic im droidan modis, dResac ki naxavT. ase rom, mTeli es 100 weli, arsebiTad, dasWirda met-naklebad imis aRdgenas, rac Temur lengma da misma jarma daaqcia. Tumca es, ZiriTadad, mainc, aRmosavleT da samxreT saqarTvelos exeba, dasavleTs ki _ naklebad. Tumca, XV saukuneSi aqtivoba maincdamainc arc iq Cans. rakiRa Tavidan es erTiani qveyana iyo, etyoba, gasaWiri erTi naxevrisa meorezec vrceldeboda, XV saukunis mTeli meore naxevari ki ama Tu im ufliswulis taxtisTvis brZolam daikava, rac saqarTvelos xelmeore daqucmacebiT damTavrda. Tumca, yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom cnobierebaSi saqarTvelo kvlavac erTiani rCeboda. rasakvirvelia, partikularizmi da Sen-Cemoba Cveulebriv movlenad iqca da faqti isaa, rom yvela qarTuli samefos xelmwife cdilobda saqarTvelos mefis titulis morgebas. isini erTmaneTs ar scnobdnen. es Zalian kargad etyoba Cvens saistorio Txzulebebs, romlebic, faqtobrivad, qarTlis poziciebidan iwereba. aseTia XVIII saukunis damdegis `qarTlis cxovrebis“ gagrZelebebi, XVIII saukunis istorikosTa _ vaxuSti batoniSvilis, papuna orbelianis, oman xerxeuliZis _ Txzulebebi da farsadan gorgijaniZis, XVII saukunis istorikosis, cnobebi. erTi sityviT, am yvelafrs ise weren, TiTqos danaxulia Tbilisidan Tu mcxeTidan. Zalian sainteresoa is faqti, rom es wyaroebi arc kaxT batons da arc imereTis mefes mefeebad ar moixseniebs. maT uwodeben mmarTvels, xelisufals, mTavars, erTi

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sityviT, yvelafers, garda mefisa, radgan qarTlis mefesac, kaxTa mefesac da imereTis mefesac miaCniaT, rom sinamdvileSi kanonieri xelmwifeebi isini arian. Tuki Zalian mkacrad vimsjelebT, albaT kaxT batonebs amis yvelaze meti safuZveli hqondaT, radgan kaxeTis pirveli mefe gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos ukanaskneli mefea. Tumca, rogorc Cans, im epoqaSi yvelas Tavisi simarTle alaparakebda.

XV saukuneSi vxedavT movlenas, romelic Zalian mniSvnelovania arqiteqturis ara rogorc xelovnebis, aramed rogorc mSeneblobis istoriis gasaazreblad da Zalze sayuradReboa, ase vTqvaT, socialuri da zneobrivi istoriis Sesaswavlad. vgulisxmob aleqsandre I-s, romelsac didi Seerqva da mis moqmedebas. man SemoiRo sagangebo gadasaxadi, romelzec Cven, mgoni, ar gvilaparakia. mogvepoveba sabuTi, romlis Tanaxmadac, saqarTvelos macxovrebelT daqceuli Senobebis, gansakuTrebiT, taZrebis aRsadgenad garkveuli xnis ganmavlobaSi damatebiTi gadasaxadi ekisrebodaT. es SeiZleba gasagebi, magram arcTu mTlad Cveulebrivi ambavia, romelic, Cemi azriT, Zalian maRali Segnebisa da zneobis maCvenebelia. Tanac, daaxloebiT, 35-40 wlis Semdeg, rodesac aleqsandre mefem miiCnia, rom mizani miRweulia, man gadasaxadi gaauqma. kacobriobis istoriaSi arcTu bevria xelisufali, romelic ase sindisierad iqceva. Cveulebriv, roca gadasaxds SemoiReben, aviwydebT, rom es droebiTia da yvelaferi mudmivi xdeba. Turme sxvanairadac SeiZleba, Turme SeiZleba, xelmwife usindiso ar iyos da Cven amis Zalian kargi magaliTi gvaqvs. es albaT sasacilod JRers, magram amgvari xelisufaliT arcTu ganebivrebulebi varT. rogorc mogaxseneT, aleqsandre mefe aRdgenas Seudga _ aRadgina sveticxoveli, ruisi, kidev bevri sxvac. eseni, rac CamovTvale, ubralod, dokumentebiT dasturdeba: sveticxovelze sigel-gujrebi mogvepoveba, ruisis warwera SemogvrCa da es ori didi samefo mSenebloba matianeebSic moixsenieba. cxadia, aRdga sxva eklesiebic. magaliTad, XV saukunis bolos ukve gayofil saqarTveloSi aRadgines alaverdi, romelsac,

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kargad ar mesmis, ra daemarTa, radgan mizezi werilobiT ar dasturdeba, mxolod naTqvamia, rom daiqca. Tumca, aRdgenilis mixedviT, aSkaraa, rom sakmaod didi ngreva iyo, oRond esec Temur lengis naxelavia Tu miwa iZra, es dazustebuli aRaraa. albaT cixeebica da sasaxleebic aRadgines, sxvanairad ar iqneboda. cxadia, ganaaxles qalaqebi da soflebi, romlebic gaukacrielebuli ar iyo. yvelaferi Tavidan Sendeba da, rogorc ukve mogaxseneT, Cans Cveni istoriisaTvis umagaliTod dabali done xelobisa. amas albaT mxolod XX saukunis meore naxevari da XXI saukunis dasawyisi SeiZleba Seedaros, rodesac uamravi adamiani yovlad upasuxismgeblod raRacas TiTxnis, radgan amas aSeneba ar hqvia da Cven ki varqmevT xolme arqiteqturas. aseTi samwuxaro magaliTi masobrivi da, sxvaTa Soris, individualuri mSeneblobisac, Zalian bevri gvaqvs. minaxavs erTi Zalian gapranWuli, gamosaCeni Senoba, romelsac mopirkeTebis qvebi, mgoni, dasrulebidan weliwad-naxevarSi momZvrali hqonda da iqve eyara. cxadia, rom es, uaRresad cudi Sesrulebis garda, saqmisadmi mSeneblis upatiosno damokidebulebasac gulisxmobs.

XV saukuneSi mizezi sxva iyo. Cven rasac vuyurebT, rogorc adrec vTqviT, imis mauwyebelia, rom ostatebi, Cans, marTlac ar arian an imdenad cotani arian, rom am saqmis gaqanebas maTi Zalisxmeva ar hyofnis. amitomac sxva gza ar aqvT da iZulebulebi xdebian, dayabuldnen naklebad gamocdil, gauwafav an sulac damwyeb xelosans. Cans, rom mizezi es aris. es gaxlavT Rone uRonobisa, sxva araferi SemiZlia da amas mainc gavakeTeb _ aseTi aris logika im droisa. viRac imasac ityvis, rom jobda daecadaT da ostatebi gamoezardaT, magram adamiani ase ver gaTvlis da Tanac maSindeli saqarTvelos xelisufalni zrunavdnen, memkvidreebisTvis daqceuli qveyana ar daetovebinaT, maT es sakuTar movaleobad miaCndaT. amitom am droSi raime siaxleze, Ziebaze, mxatvrul tendenciebze ver vilaparakebT, radgan es aris sruli katastrofidan gamosvlis mcdeloba da Tanac sakmaod dabal doneze. eklesiaTagan, romlebic me minaxavs, erTaderTia bugeulis taZari raWaSi,

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sadac mixvdebiT, rom adamianebs raRac axsovT da CuqurTmis keTeba ician. laSxiSvilebma, romlebmac es taZari aaSenebines, moipoves aseTi ostatebi, aleqsandre mefem ki ruisis taZris aRsadgenad verc rigiani meCuqurTme naxa da verc profilis gamomTleli. Tavisi uxarisxobiT marTlac Tavzardamcemia, rac iq aris gakeTebuli. amasTan erTad, isic Cans, rom adamianebi Zalian indomeben da, ubralod, araferi gamosdiT _ xeli ar mosdevT, ver akeTeben, ver axerxeben. TiTqos raRac mofiqrebulic aqvT, oRond am Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad gamocdileba akliaT da, rogorc dRes ityvian, unar-Cvevebi ar hyofniT. XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi ukve mSenebloba ician da aseTi unugeSoba ar aris, oRond viTareba sakmaod Taviseburia. am dros mTlian saqarTveloze veRar vlaparakobT. marTlac, gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, gviWirs davasaxeloT mizezi, Tu ratom aris eklesiaTa mSenebloba maincdamainc qarTlSi. aq am dros, rogorc iTqva, sxva mxareebSi dumilia da Tu dumili ar aris, imdenad umniSvnelo aRmSeneblobaa, rom mas movlenad ver aRviqvamT. axla ki, XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi, Cven viciT mizezi _ mSeneblobis gacxoveleba an misi Canavleba uSualod politikur movlenebTan aris dakavSirebuli. xandaxan imasac gaifiqreb, rom amgvari daqucmaceba sasikeToc SeiZleba yofiliyo. cxadia, sasikeTo ver iqneboda, magram raRac gamorCena mainc iyo. rodesac, magaliTad, imereTs Zalian uWirda, kaxeTSi mSenebloba iyo da gaWirvebul adamians aq gaqceva SeeZlo. Sah-abasis Semosevis Semdeg kaxeTi daicala da iq aRaraferi xdeboda, samagierod, qarTlSi gacxovelda mSenebloba rostom mefisa da misi memkvidreebis dros. XVI saukuneSi sakmaod intensiuri mSeneblobaa dasavleT saqarTveloSic, Tumca amis Sesaxeb Cven mainc naklebi viciT, radgan XVII-XVIII saukuneebis Tbilisze gacilebiT xSirad werdnen da meti gvaqvs xelmosaWidi TvalsaCino masala. cxadia, iZebneba cnobebi, magram isini mainc ar kmara. vTqvaT, XVII saukunis quTaisisTvis Sardenisebri (iyo aseTi mogzauri XVII saukunis bolos) Canaxati ar gvaqvs. cnobil italiel misioners, kastelis, quTaisi Caxatuli aqvs, magram adgil-adgil da sruli

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panoramuli suraTi, Tu rogori iyo es qalaqi, ar Cans. goris Sesaxeb viciT da quTaisze _ ara. yovel SemTxvevaSi, im naxatSi me ver vxedav qalaqs. quTaiss ver vxedav da Tbiliss ki vxedav, miuxedavad imisa, rom Sardenis Canaxati idealuri sulac ar aris. aseve dawinaurda samegrelo levan II-is xelSi. sxva sakiTxia, Tu ra meTodebiTa da xerxebiT miaRwia man amas, magram sinamdvile isaa, rom igi aSenebs zugdids. ra aaSena man iq da rogori iyo es yvelaferi, amis Tqma Zalian Wirs. yovel SemTxvevaSi, CemTvis es bolomde cxadi ar aris, magram viciT, rom samegreloSi aqtivoba SeimCneva. ra SeiZleba amaze iTqvas, mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT?! ukve mogaxseneT, rom is, rac Cven XIII saukunis Sua xanebs Semdeg vnaxeT, am drosac ZalaSi rCeba. ZalaSi rCeba Tundac is, rom didi sataZro mSeneblobisas srulyofil mxatvrul Sedegs ver viRebT. marTla ar aris Senoba, romelzec ityvi, rom masSi Tavidan bolomde yvelaferi Sinaganad logikuria. rasakvirvelia, gamoricxuli araa, rom Cven iseTi sazomiTa da kriteriumiT vudgebiT, romelic, am SemTxvevSi, marTebuli arcaa. iqneb momdevno Taobam aRmoaCons iq raRac Tvisebebi, romelTac Cven am mizeziT ver vxedavT. Tumca Sinagani winaaRmdegobrioba arsebobs da es srulebiT aSkarad Cans. amis pirdapiri gamoxatuleba aris Tundac kaxeTis xuroTmoZRvreba XVI saukunis Sua xanebSi, amave saukunis meore naxevrSi da XVII saukunis sul dasawyisSi. am periodSi vaWrobiT gamdidrebulma kaxeTma, rogorc Cans, Zalian swrafad aaSena dedaqalaqi gremi. es mdidari savaWro qalaqia da xelosnobis kerac aris. XVII saukunis dasawyisSi, 1616 wels, is ganadgurda da veRar aRdga. mis adgilas sofeli gaCnda, magram qalaqi veRar gacocxlda. Sendeba monastrebi, cixeebi, soflis eklesiebi. bevri ram Sendeba da, xelosnuri TvalsazrisiT, Zalian maRal donezec keTdeba. am SenobaTa umravlesobas aqvs raRac xibli. magaliTad, srulebiT warmoudgenelia, adamiani ar moxiblos axali SuamTis siluetma. rodesac Sexedav am yelmoRerebul, Zalian maRal gumbaTian eklesias, koxtaa. lamisaa alaverdisebr STambeWda-

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via gremis taZari, gansakuTrebiT, alaznis vels Tu mouyvebi, roca Soridan modixar. serze Semomdgari, rogorc xomaldi, micuravs gremio _ Zalian kargad da moswrebulad ambobs simon Ciqovani. marTlac asea. saocaria es uzarmazari sivrce. ukan mTebi aris, magram win didi vakea da serze ki _ es Semocurebuli eklesia. Tumca, axlos rom mixvalT da daakvirdebiT, araerT ucnaurobas aRmoaCenT. gumbaTis yeli maRalia, aSkarad Zalian SemaRlebulia proporciebi. Tu es asea, ras unda gausvas xazi danarCenma yvelaferma? albaT amasve _ raki gavakeTe aseTi maRali moculoba, minda, rom misi aswrafuloba gamovaCino. nuras ukacravad! iq aris gauTavebeli sartylebi, gauTavebeli horizontaluri danawevrebiT dayofili vertikalebi da axlodan Tu uyurebT, xedavT gaugebrad daqucmacebul zedapirs, romelsac es maRlivoba srulebiTac ar sWirdeba. igive ambavia SigniTac _ maRali gumbaTi da dabla Camotanili sarkmlebi. SigniT rodesac SedixarT, gumbaTis simaRles ver aRiqvamT imitom, rom zeviT aris raRac gaurkveveli bundi, TvaliT ver zomavT, rogori aris misi aswrafuloba da gaxleCil sivrces xedavT. es gaxleCiloba, sxvaTa Soris, ar iyo mxolod kaxuri movlena. daaxloebiT, XVII saukunis bolomde is aris qarTlSic da dasavleT saqarTveloSic. is aqac rCeba, magram aris gamonaklisebi. magaliTad, ananuris taZari, XVII saukunis meore naxevrisa da XVII saukunis Sua xanaSi aRdgenili sioni, romelic dangreuli iyo, aseTi ar aris. iq sarkmlebi Cveulebriv simaRlezea. samagierod, sxva rames vxedavT. dRevandel taZars rac Seexeba, gumbaTisa da zeda nawilis mopirkeTeba 1710 wlisaa. vaxtang VI-is dakveTaa, xelosnuri TvalsazrisiT, kargad Sesrulebulia, magram Zalian ucnauria. gumbaTze gakeTebuli aris amoburculi sapireebi, magram burcviloba iseTia, rom reliefurobas maincdamainc kargad ver xedavT, xolo CuqurTma imdenad wvrilia, rom Tu kibe ar miadgi an durbindi ar moimarjve, ar Cans. Tqven xedavT, rom qseliviT raRac aris, magram amas aranairi gamomsaxveloba ar gaaCnia. ver vityvi, rom sionis gumbaTi lamazi ar aris. aris, ratomac

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ar aris, feric lamazi aqvs. Zalian momwons gogla leoniZis `komSisferi sioni~, marTlac kargi naTqvami mgonia. lamazia es yvelaferi mTlianobaSi, sakmaod koxtaa, magram bevri ram aris umizno. ar aris saWiro amgvari danawevreba, is ar muSaobs. iqneb rame sxva gaekeTebina da is ukeTesi yofiliyo?! ras izam, imiTac bednierebi unda viyoT, rom aseT doneze gakeTda, miT umetes, rom, rogorc Cans, Tanamedroveebs Tbilisis sioni Zalian moewonaT. gumbaTis sistemebze roca vmuSaobdi, Cemda gasaocrad, aRmovaCine, rom XVIII saukunis ganmavlobaSi Tbilisis yvela eklesia, erTi-oris garda, sionis sqemiT Sendeba. sxvaTa Soris, ase aris ara marto TbilisSi, Sendeba Tundac largvisis taZari qsnis xeobaSi da barakoni raWaSi. ra Tqma unda, barakons aSeneben gardasaxulad, gardaqmnilad, magram amosavali kvlavac sionis sqemaa. Sesabamisad, is Zalian mosawoni iyo. Tbileli mTavarepiskoposis saydaric aqaa, magram saamisod es ar ikmarebda, miT umetes, rom Tbileli mTavarepiskoposi eklesiis Tavi ar aris. isic unda vicodeT, rom mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi XIX saukuneSi Cndeba, es am drois movlenaa. manamde Tbileli mTavarepiskoposi calke aris da kaTalikosi _ calke, amas garda, kidev aris qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi, romelic mcxeTaSive zis.

XVII saukuneSi xdeba Semdegi ram: gansakuTrebiT, kaxeTSi, magram qarTlSic XVI saukune ufro aguriT mSeneblobis xanaa da cota merec ase aris. Tundac sioni rom vaxseneT, romelic XVII saukuneSi aRadgina elise Tbilelma, saginaSvilis gvarisam, isic aguriT aris aRdgenili. XVII saukunis meore naxevridan ananurisa da kidev ramdenime eklesiis mSeneblobiT qviT mSenebloba mobrunda. dasavleT saqarTveloSi isedac sul qviT aSenebdnen XVI saukuneSic, XVII saukuneSic da XVIII saukuneSic. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom iq maincdamainc xarisxiani arqiteqtura ar aris. ar mesmis, ratom. yovel SemTxvevaSi, faqtia, rom iqaur damkveTs, roca raime gamosaCenis aSeneba unda, ostatebi garedan mohyavda. mgoni, kidevac vaxsene avTandil Sulavreli, XVIII saukunis Sua xanaSi barakonis taZris amSenebeli da nasyida qarTleli, romelic aSenebda leCxumis mcxe-

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TaSi. Tavisi ostatebi dasavleTSic hyavT, magram isini ratomRac bevrs verafers axerxeben. ai, iq, magaliTad, CuqurTmis kveTis ostatoba mTlianad daikarga. es gansakuTrebiT ucnauria, radgan XIX saukuneSi piriqiT xdeba. am periodSi swored dasavleT saqarTveloSia SenarCunebuli qarTvel ostatTa dasebi. magaliTad, XIX saukunis Sua xanidan 1921 wlamde Cans xelosanTa mTeli gvarebi. magaliTad, berikaSvilebis gvaria aseTi, XIX saukuneSi ki qarTlSi yofilan, qvis mTleli kasraZeebi, jobaZeebi. da mainc, XIX saukunis qarTveli ostatebis xeloba ufro metad dasavleT saqarTveloSi Cans. srulebiT sxva suraTia aqeT. rac adgilobrivi ostatebis mier aris aSenebuli, magaliTad, korcxelis eklesia an Tundac levan dadianis aSenebuli rokiTis eklesia, sakmaod saeWvo xarisxisaa. ar aris iseTi, rogoric, vTqvaT, ananuria. ananurSi da mere ukve qviT mopirkeTebul an qviT naSen sxva nagebobebSi Cans ori ram _ erTi mxriv, Zalian cdiloben aaRorZinon Zveli CuqurTma da, teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT, amas axerxeben. sxva mxriv, is aRar aris bunebrivi, xan ucnaur adgilas Cndeba, xanac raRac ucnauris gakeTeba moundebaT xolme. magaliTad, barakonis ostatma sapiris raRac nawils, rogorc landi, Semoayola pirdapir zed kedelze amoWrili CuqurTma. ratomac ara?! Tumca maSin amas xom unda hqondes gagrZeleba? rodesac or adgilas asea gakeTebuli da sxvagan amas mxars araferi ubams, gaugebari xdeba. es xerxia, romelic ver iZens mxatvruli principis mniSvnelobas, miT umetes, rom iq Zalian Warbad Cans carieli sibrtyec, romelic dautvirTavia da kvlavac gaugebaria. Tu amas akeTebda, maSin gagegrZelebina, raime xaliCiseburi samkauli moefiqrebina. es aSkarad ar unda, maSin is CuqurTma ratom moindoma? amgvari kiTxvebi mogviano arqiteqturasTan dakavSirebiTac xSirad Cndeba, Tumca iq teqnikurad maRali donea.

Zalian niSandoblivi aris Zveli motivebis gameoreba. q-nma rene Smerlingma ananurSi aRmoaCina mTeli tye saxeebisa, romlebic pirdapir aris gadmoRebuli sveticxovlidan. maTi warmomavloba imdenad aSkaraa, rom amas mkiTxaoba ar sWirde-

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ba. Sexedav da ukve zustad ici, saidanaa gadmotanili. magaliTad, iq aris gamoqandakebuli sicocxlis xeebi, romlebsac sveticxovelzec naxavT. zogadad, Zalian cdiloben, zustad misdion nimuSs, magram, samwuxarod, rogorc nebismieri aslis keTebisas, es xeloba, didwilad, meqanikuri bunebisaa. es ar aris iseTi meqanikuroba, rogoric XIX saukuneSi gveqneba, magram Sinagani Tavisufleba, romelic aqvT Zveli drois ostatebs Tundac XIII saukunis meore naxevarSi, rodesac gauWirdaT, aq namdvilad aRar SeimCneva. Tumca kidev erTxel unda davadasturo, rom isini, teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT, kargad muSaoben. aguriT mSenebloba, sxvaTa Soris, SemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT, ufro Tavisufalia. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSic, yvelafrisaTvis XI-XII saukunis modelebi aqvT. ubralod, rakiRa qvis arqiteqturas aguris enaze Targmnian, neba-uneburad isini ufro SemoqmedebiTni, ufro Tamamni unda iyvnen. unda iTqvas, rom XVI saukunis kaxel ostatebs, am mxriv, ufro gaumarTlaT. iq marTlac ufro xSirad waawydebi amgvar Ziebas. magaliTad, akeTeben uSvelebel, kedelSi aguris amoRebiT miRebul jvrebs, romlebic manamde ar iyo da es motivi imdenad xibliani aRmoCnda, rom man, daaxloebiT, XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan mTeli qarTli daipyro. mere am kaxur golgoTis jvrebs aq eklesiebze, koSkebze akeTeben. Zalian sainteresoa, ra semantika hqonda, radgan es uSvelebeli jvrebi sam an sulac oTx kedelze meordeba. aseTi tavtologiuri gameoreba aSkarad raRacaze miuTiTebs. SeiZleba, vifiqroT, rom es mcveli aris da, ase vTqvaT, borots Zalas iridebs, magram XI saukuneSi erTi jvari hyofnidaT da axla meti gaxda saWiro, es ki raRacas mowmobs. Tu msoflmxedvelobaSi ara, msoflgancdaSi albaT raRac Seicvala. es raRacaze metyvelebs, magram jer ver getyviT _ raze. SeiZleba, raRac movigono, varaudi vTqva, magram es srulebiT uniadago iqneba da raime safuZveli ki am wams ar gamaCnia. iyo kidev sxva ram mniSvnelovani, raRac iseTi, rac sruliad paradoqsulad erTdroulad aRmoCnda Zalisa da sisus-

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tis maCvenebeli _ iranuli arqiteqturidan Semosuli motivebi. jer erTi, Semovida Seisruli TaRi. Tumca, giorgi CubinaSvilisa ar iyos, romelmac es jer kidev rodis Tqva, faqtobrivad, es Seisruli TaRis kidev erTi variantia, vinaidan Cven waisruli TaRi X saukunis Semdeg, XIII saukunis CaTvliT, ukve gvaqvs. axla iq meti Seisvra naxes da imnairad Seisres. principSi, es mTlad sesxebac ar gamodis, ubralod, kidev erTi nairsaxeoba mogvinda da movsinjeT. ufro sainteresoa sxva ram: aRmosavleTSi am TaRebs sworkuTxa CarCoebSi svamen xolme da es ar aris mxolod kedlis damanawevrebeli brtyeli dekoratiuli TaRi, Torem ase Seisruli konstruqciuli TaRebic da kamarebic Sendeba. yvelaze sainteresoa, rom es CarCoSi Casmuli Seisruli TaRi karTan Cndeba. saqme isaa, rom iranul arqiteqturaSi es motivi Zalian didi zomisaa. es aris xolme portali, uzarmazari, aTeuli metris simaRlis da didi TaRia, romelic aris Zalian Rrma TaRi-lojia. Tqven masSi SedixarT da is zis sworkuTxa moculobaSi. CvenTan es yvelaferi dapataravebulia da monumenturi iranuli kompozicia gadaqceulia portalis kidev erT versiad. Tan ise ki ar moxda, rom jer iranuli mosinjes da mere iqidan portalis gakeTeba gadawyvites, aramed, Semovida Tu ara, imwamsve gardaqmnes ise, rogorc qarTvel arqiteqtors undoda. vinme amas albaT nacionalizmad CamiTvlis, magram mainc unda vTqva, rom iseve, rogorc mTeli Sua saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, raRacis brma da monur gadmoRebaze Cven axlac ver vilaparakebT. es ufro raRacis mosinjvaa principiT _ `modi, vcado, iqneb esec gamomadges~. es me sruliad marTebuli meCveneba. Tu rame kargi naxe, ratom ar unda moisesxo, ratom ar unda iswavlo?! sxva ambavia, rom araa saWiro, ece da maimuniviT yvelaferi gaimeoro marto imitom, rom viRac sadRac amas akeTebs. dRes xSirad ismis xolme argumentad, rom dasavleTSi asea an isea. Tu dasavleTSi aris, magram araferi sikeTe moutania an es sikeTe saeWvoa, ratom unda gadmoviRoT, CemTvis gaugebaria.

Cven rom imave logikas mivyolodiT, romliTac is ostatebi xelmZRvanelobdnen, albaT bevr sisuleles gadavrCebodiT.

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magaliTad, rogor daviwyeT mSenebloba Seminuli Senobebis da srulebiT ar gaviTvaliswineT, rom Cveni cxel qveyanaSi vcxovrobT?! Tu maincdamainc, qveynebSi, sadac cxela, akeTeben cxaurebs, erTgvar safars an am Seminul zedapirs SigniT Seweven xolme, rom adamians mze pirdapir Tavze ar daadges. mere viswavleT amis gakeTeba, magram manamde aSenda uamravi suleluri Senoba, romlebSic ar daidgomeba. yovelive es imitom moxda, rom Crdilouri arqiteqturidan pirdapir iyo gadmoRebuli. fineTSi SeiZleba mze enatrebaT, Cven kidev zafxulSi sicxe gvawuxebs. usindisobaa albaT amis Tqma, magram asea. rom gavarvardeba minis zedapiri da veRar sunTqav, es ganaTebuli oTaxi aRar ginda. Tu mainc ar dagedgomeba da sakuWnaoSi unda gaiqce an saabazanoSi daemalo, aseTi mze raRad ginda?! me mainc mgonia, rom im dros am tipis Secdomebi ar iyo, Tumca, rasakvirvelia, iranuli modiT zedmet gatacebas TviTon Tanamedrovenic amCnevdnen. ai, magaliTad, maSin iswavles qarTvelebma fexmorTxmiT jdoma, manamde ki skamebi hqondaT. fexmorTxmiT mjdomi qarTveli XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi gaCnda, manamde ar iyo. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom amasTan erTad skamebic da sakarcxulebic SeinarCunes. XIX saukunis dasawyisSi, rogorc Cans, sakmarisad sasacilo iyo, rom erTsa da imave saxlSi dabali taxtic idga, sadac adamianebi ase Caikecebodnen da Cveulebrivi evropuli skamebic, xan imaze isxdnen, xan amaze. sxvaTa Soris, analogiuri ram xdeba WedurobaSi swored gremis skolaSi. am sakiTxs jer kidev rodis ikvlevda q-ni rene Smerlingi, mere giorgi CubinaSvili da, gansakuTrebiT, bolo dros vrclad _ b-ni Teimuraz sayvareliZe. gremSi gadmoiRes sxvanairi liTonis kveTis teqnika _ winidan saWreTliT raRacanairad amuSaveben, zemodan qvemoT Cadian da CakveTiT, ufro sworad, zeda fenis mocliT foTlovani ornamenti keTdeba. Zalian lamazia, magram am ornamentis gamoyeneba, ra Tqma unda, iranuli ar aris, iq mas sul sxvanairad iyeneben. maSinac ki, rodesac es ornamenti fons faravs, misi xaliCiseburoba mainc ar aris imdenad najeri, Warbi, rom zedapiri mTlianad

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waSalos da erTian sifrifana foTlebis naxlarTad gadaaqcios. gadmoiRes patiosani Tvlebi, romlebic iranisa moewonaT, Tundac firuzi manamde ase uxvad ar ixmareboda. iyo, ra Tqma unda, magram ase Warbad _ ara. is mainc sxvanairad aris naxmari, ar agereva aRmosavlur nakeTobebSi. indoelebs filmebSi rom acviaT gasaocari tanisamosi, romelzec qsovili ar Cans, imdeni Tvalia _ es ar gaakeTes. sakmarisad didi monakveTebia fonis, Cans moCarCoeba da sxvanairia. am SemTxvevaSic, raRac motivi moisesxes, magram TavianT saWiroebasa da gemovnebas moarges. gavimeoreb da vityvi, rom Cemi azriT, miT umetes, im saSinel gasaWirSi esec SemoqmedobiTobis formaa. Cven xSirad ver warmogvidgenia, Tu rogori iyo imdroindeli cxovreba da rogor ucnaurad upasuxebda mas qarTveli. ukve ramdeni welia, Cems studentebs vekiTxebi, ra suraTi udgebaT Tvalwin besikis leqsebis wakiTxvisas. nuTu warmoidgen, rom es yvelaferi dawera adamianma, romelic, jer erTi, qarTlidan imereTSi gaaZeves da Tanac xan omSia da xan diplomatiur samsaxurSi? leqsebSi aris laparaki mxolod sevdis baRze, yvavilebsa da mijnurobaze. TiTqos iseTi dalxenili yofaa, rom vaJi da qali marto imaze fiqrobs, TvalSi vin mouvida, guli vin mouwyla da samijnuro ambebis gamo sul xvneSa-tirilSi arian. arada, am dros yofa iseTi iyo, rom diliT erT adgilas Semovardeboda lekis marbieli razmi da saRamos kidev _ meore adgilas, xan saiT gaiqceoda mefis razmi mosagerieblad da xanac saiT. mudmivad ase xdeboda. adamiani saxlidan rom gadioda, ar icoda, dabrundeboda Tu ara, radgan SeiZleboda, romelime sxva razms gzaSi moetacebina. saidan da rogor Semodiodnen es moTareSeebi, marTali giTxraT, verc vxvdebi, iseT gasaocar adgilebSi Cndebian da iseTi siswrafiT uCinardebian. aman sxvagvari nagebobebi gaaCina. Senoba, romelSic SeTavsebulia sameurneo, sacxovrebeli da saTavdacvo funqcia, XVIII saukuneSi Cndeba. Cemma maswavlebelma, b-nma leo rCeuliSvilma, es Senobebi Zalian kargad gaaanaliza. iseTi koxtebia, imdenad kargadaa mofiqrebuli, dagegmarebuli, magram

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gaWirvebisaa. adamians, romelic vazs krefda da Rvinos wuravda, imaze ratomRa unda efiqra, rom saTofuric iqve hqonda? magram sxva gza ar iyo da es gasaWirma gaaCina. aseve gaCnda qarTlsa da kaxeTSi e.w. galavnebi, ai, sveticxovlis taZars rom aqvs an muxranSi rom cixea. es aris didi, moRobili adgili, sadac SigniT maincdamainc naSenoba araa _ erTi an ori Senoba dgas. mTavaria, iq iyos didi mokavebuli adgili, sadac, Tu marbieli movida, soflebi, zogjer ramdenimec, Tavis bargian-naxirianad Seafarebs Tavs. esec, kacma rom Tqvas, SemoqmedebiTi pasuxia da sainteresoa, rogor amkoben isini amgvari galavnebis Sesasvlelebs. zogjer meCveneba, rom, etyoba, marto amaze fiqrobdnen, rogorme monumenturi gaekeTebinaT. esec raRacis maniSnebelia, rom am ukiduresi gaWirvebisasac ki, rodesac yvelaferi ukiduresad funqciuri unda iyos, cdiloben, Tvalic gaaxaron, mTlad unugeSo, SiSveli da quSi ar iyos maTi garemo. es mxatvrul-SemoqmedebiTi muxti maSinac ki rCeba. kidev vambob, SeiZleba raRaca meCveneba, magram mainc mgonia, rom es erTgvar Sinagan udrekobasac mowmobs da Semoqmedebis Wiasac, romelic aucileblad unda gaaxaro, Torem ar mogasvenebs. rogorc iliam Tqva _ gulidan gareT unda gamoitano Seni nagrZnob-nafiqri da es, xelovnebaSi gacxadebuli swrafva adamianisa, aqac ki iCens Tavs. aris dargebi, sadac Cveni arqiteqtura am droSic savsebiT SemoqmedebiTia. me vambobdi, rom taZris arqiteqturaSi gauWirdaT, radgan srulyofili modeli hqondaT da am models ver eleodnen, vinaidan, Cemi azriT, msoflmxedvelobas bzari gauCnda. Tumca imave saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebaSi sadac aseTi, srulebiT aSkara, nimuSi ar aqvT, Cven vxedavT sruliad araCveulebriv samreklos arqiteqturas. es adre vaxseneT da mxolod magaliTebs davasaxeleb. maTgan ori namdvili Sedevria, erTmaneTze ukeTesi: XVI saukunis ninowmindis samreklo da XVII saukunis anCisxatis samreklo. yvelas SegiZliaT, SeamowmoT, rogor aris agebuli anCisxatis samreklo. Tqven midixarT nebismieri mxridan, ginda erekles moednidan da ginda sanapirodan, miyvebiT SavTelis

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quCas da xedavT, rom dgas bWe, zemodan ki _ fanCaturi. is Tan SuaSi dgas da Tan SuaSi srulebiTac ar aris, marjvena kidiskenaa Caweuli, Tuki rusTavelis gamziridan midixarT. ras niSnavs es? saqme is gaxlavT, rom quCebis qseli, Cvenda bedad, iq ar Secvlila. aseTi Zalian cota gvaqvs. es erT-erTia im adgilTagan, sadac garemo struqturulad iseTive aris. Tqven rom SuaSi dayenebuli fanCaturi dagenaxaT, is marcxniv gadmovardeboda, mas pirdapir kideze dainaxavdiT da mogeCvenebodaT, rom es-esaa TavSi dagecemaT. ostatma es gaTvala, magram marto es ar ikmara. man aiRo swored sworkuTxa CarCoSi Casmuli TaRis motivi, aqeT-iqidan orive _ ezosa da quCis _ fasadze gaukeTa kidev or-ori niSi erTmaneTis zemoT, oRond, quCis mxridan es motivi brtyelia da proporciebSi ganieri, xolo ezos mxridan es maRalia da gakeTebuli aris lojia. amgvarad, Tqven uyurebT erTi da imave motividan gakeTebul or sxvadasxva fasads, romlebic morgebulia niadagis sxvadasxva simaRles, quCisas da ezosas. erT SemTxvevaSi, absoluturad dasrulebul kompozicias vxedavT, gacocxlebuls feriTac _ tani agurisaa da CarTuli aqvs yviTeli qva kaTalikos domentis warweriT. zemoT aris mwvane qvis fanCaturi da amiTac gacocxlebulia. srulebiT araCveulebrivia. ostatma imdenic moaxerxa, rom am SenobaSi sacxovrebeli oTaxic moaTavsa da gareTa niSebSi ki, rogorc Cans, xatebi idga. amdeni ram aris mofiqrebuli. sxvaTa Soris, sacxovrebeli oTaxebi ninowmindaSic aris, magram iq adgilic cotaa da Tanac, etyoba, galavani ukve idga da taZaric sxvanairia. maSin ninowmindis taZars jer kidev gumbaTi hqonda da maRali iyo. amitom arqiteqtorma koSkiviT samreklo gaakeTa da gaawyo aguris amoRebiT miRebuli jvrebiT, rombebiT, CarCoebiT. vinaidan is Tavis fantazias misdevs da SemzRudavi araferi aqvs, es yvelaferi zustad aris morgebuli. nageboba sarTulebad aris dayofili, fanCaturi ki viTomda gumbaTicaa, magram aq Zalian maRal moculobasa da masze horizontalur danawevrebas Soris winaaRmdegoba ar aris. srulebiT araCveulebrivi fasadebia da interierierebic

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_ aranaklebi. yvela sarTuli sxvanairia _ sxvanairi kamara, sxvanairi gumbaTi, sxvanairad gawyobili kedlebi. yvelaferi funqciuria da Tan kidev, esTetikursac ki ver ityvi _ esTeturi. amasTanave es yvelaferi nakeTebia umartivesi masaliT _ aguriT. gana agurze martivi ra unda iyos? moWiqulsac ki ar xmarobs. SeiZleba odesRac moWiquli saxuravi ki hqonda, magram TviTon tani ar aris feradi. marto amiT akeTebs ulamazess da gaTvlils natifi adamianisTvis, romelic mas moewoneba. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom giorgi CubinaSvils kaxeTis amgvari arqiteqtura evropul rokokos axsenebda, sadac, mogexsenebaT, Zalian uxvi xSiri, foTlovani ornamenti modebulia kedlebsa da Werze an kamaraze. aq es ase ar aris. Tumca iqac msubuqia, ar aris msxvili moculobebi, wvrili naxatia. aqac wvrili naxatia, Zalian natifi da daxvewili. aseTive rame aris alaverdis taZris gadarCenil satrapezoze. iq, bedad, episkoposis sasaxleSi gadarCa dauzianebelad satrapezo Tavisi kamariT. kamara iqac aseTi aris _ damuSavebuli aguris naxati, romelsac gegoneba, xaliCa Seafineso. amas rom uyureb, ra Tqma unda, Zalian genaneba, rom ar darCa sasaxleebi, ar darCa saxlebi. imitom ara, rom Tavi moiwono, ra sra-sasaxle midgaso, ara, ubralod, es iqneboda saintereso sanaxaoba. Tumca rac gvaqvs, imasac verafers vSveliT. me mainc mgonia, rom rame unda vifiqroT. Zalian medardeba da meZvirfaseba e.w. avTentikuri yvelaferi. Tumca, rodesac viciT, rom arqiteqtura (Telavis sasaxle aris amis magaliTi) misdevs mdidruli sparsuli sasaxleebis nimuSs da Cven vxedavT aguris fasads... ar mjera, rom iq aguri iyo. absoluturad darwmunebuli var, rom Selesili iqneboda, SeiZleba _ moxatulic. SigniT rom moxatuli iyo, zustad vici. vfiqrob, rom sarkeebic iqneboda. amitom nu movatyuebT momsvlels, rom es is aris, rom es XVII saukunea, magram rame unda viRonoT. es TeTri kedlebi simaxinjea, ar SeiZleba, ase iyos, es aris arqiteqturuli tyuili. amis Zalian saintereso analogebi arsebobs. magaliTad, liubekSi, germaniaSi, goTikuri eklesia dgas, mgoni, XV sau-

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kunisa da iq iyo niSebi, sadac unda mdgariyo qandakebebi. am qandakebebis Sesruleba ver moeswro. amitomac 1930-ian wlebSi daukveTes erns barlaxs, SesaniSnav moqandakes, romelmac ramdenime gaakeTa, magram mere nacistebi mouvidnen da mas muSaoba aekrZala. omis Semdeg es saqme agreTve Zalian kargma moqandakem gerhard marqsma gaagrZela. gana vinme malavs, rom es qandakebebi XX saukunisaa?! Tqven dainaxavT, rom es ar aris goTikuri qandakebebi, magram arqiteqturulad es simarTlea _ niSebi carieli ar unda iyos. ase rom, Tqven dRes aSkarad xedavT ori epoqis TanamSromlobas, magram ise, rom mxatvruli saxe im odindeli Canafiqrisa, ubralod, aSkarad sxva dros aris ganxorcielebuli. aseve gaakeTes vavelSi, krakovSi, poloneTSi. iq renesansuli sasaxle aqvT. Weri kesonebiT iyo da kesonebSi unda yofiliyo Tavebi. mgoni, ramdenime gadarCa, magram, ZiriTadad, Tavebi aRar iyo Casmuli. amitom XX saukuneSi Zalian niWierma polonelma moqandakem, qsaveri dunikovskim, gaakeTa, Seavso da es Cans. Tqven maSinve dainaxavT da gamoarCevT renesansuli nakeTobisgan, magram iq arqiteqturuli simarTlea. me meCveneba, rom raRac, am mxriv, mosafiqrebeli aris, oRond, swored rom _ mosafiqrebeli. veceT pirdapir da rac TavSi mogviva, is gavakeToT, ar aris saWiro. CavataroT 38 konkursi an 138, Tu es saWiro iqneba, magram nu vawvalebT am arqiteqturas. nu migvyavs adamianebi raRac sivrceebSi, romlebic Tavis Tavs srulebiT aRar hgavs. TeTr kedlebs rom vuyurebT, es ciliswamebaa im mSeneblebisa, romlebsac aseTi araferi CaufiqrebiaT. samwuxarod, aki vambob, rac Cven SegvrCa esaa: erTi gabdRvnili, srulebiT gaveranebuli darbazi quTaisSi, erTic ganadgurebuli, kamaraCaqceuli Senoba, erTgvari saqeifo darbazi alvanSi da srulebiT gaCanagebuli nasasaxlari gremis Semdeg, kidev erTi _ alvanSi. magram, rac SemogvrCa, imas mainc xom unda mivxedoT, rame xom unda gavakeToT? aris kidev sasaxleebis nangrevebi da maTzec unda vifiqroT, Torem isinic ganadgurdeba. iq TiTo-TiTo kedeli dgas da moispoba. Cven unda vifiqroT, rogor avaSenoT. axla da-

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savleTSi amas akeTeben da SeiZleba, es zogjer sakamaTo iyos, zogjer ki ubralod cudia, magram TavisTavad xerxi, rom Zveli fragmenti moaqcio raRac iseTSi, rac masac gadaarCens da, rac mTavaria, sicocxles miscems, me vfiqrob, srulebiT aucilebelia. kargia, Tu is aRar iqneba ubralod kedeli, romelic ratomRac Sua mindorSi dgas, Tu funqcias SeiZens da viRacis cxovrebis nawilad iqceva. aris aseTi sasaxleebi ZaRinaSi, nulSi, kodiswyaroSi. Zalian araswori mgonia maTi ase gawirva. viTomda vufrTxildebiT da, sinamdvileSi, vwiravT. isini namdvilad daifSvneba, agur-agur daiSleba. gadasadgmeli aris Tamami da, amave dros, Zalian kargad mofiqrebuli, asi aTasjer awonil-dawonili nabiji. SeuZlebeli es ar aris da verc imas vityviT, rom Cven amas ver gavakeTebT. SegviZlia, es gavakeToT, oRond unda mivxvdeT, rom am SeZlebas gamovlena unda. amisTvis saWiro aris pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba, romelic dRes sazogadoebaSi iseT donezea, rom SeiZleba nuls qvemoT iyos, Torem, zeviT rom gadmosuli ar aris, mgoni, sakmarisad aSkaraa.

XVIII saukunis movlenaTagan yvelaze saintereso albaT is aris, rom saukunis bolosken Cven jer kidev damoukidebel saqarTveloSi vadasturebT dasavlur arqiteqturasTan erTgvar miaxloebas da, warmoidgineT, motivebis sesxebasac ki. jer kidev XVIII saukunis sul dasawyisSi (es aRmoCena q-n maia manias ekuTvnis) Tbilelma Tavisi qarvaslis fasadze sarkmlebs frontonebi gaukeTa. ar vici, SeiZleba is klasicizmidan ar amodioda, magram klasicistur motivebs metismetad waagavs. saidan movida, saidan moafiqrda, ver getyviT, magram faqtia. amas garda, Cven manavSi gvaqvs XVIII saukunis bolos RmrTismSoblis Sobis taZari, romelic giorgi XII-is megobarma, daviT garejis udabnos wm. ioane naTlismcemlis monastris winamZRvarma, eqvTimem 1794 wels aaSena. iq karis moCarCoebebsa da gumbaTis morTulobebSi Zveli sqema namdvilad SenarCunebulia, magram Sevsebuli aris evropuli brtyeli pilastrebiT, sadac cxadia, gardasaxuli, magram evropuli elementebi Zalian aSkarad ikiTxeba. es araa gasakviri, vinaidan im os-

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tatma SeiZleba mTlad zustad ar icodes is orderi, radgan arc panTeoni Seuswavlia da arc parTenoni. XIX saukunis sul dasawyisSi Cemma mogvareebma xelTubanSi eklesia aaSenes da araCveulebrivad saintereso ram gaakeTes: aiRes Cveneburi kupelhale da oTxkuTxa yelze evropuli gumbaTi daadges, sarkmlebs raRac ucnauri sapireebi gaukeTes, iqve dasves es kaxuri jvrebic da kidev _ moWiquli saxuravi, romelic axla aRar aris, magram iyo. me fragmentebs jer kidev Seveswari _ mwvane Wiquri iyo. aSkarad eZeben raRacas. aseTive Zieba iyo, rogorc Cans, qvaSveTSi, romelic axla aRar aris. givi amilaxvris mier aSenebul XVIII saukunis qvaSveTSi ZiriTad daniSnulebasTan Zalian sainteresod iyo misadagebuli TavdacviTi funqcia, romelic eklesias ukve unda hqondes, radgan qveyana usafrTxo aRar aris, yoveldRe omia. maSin qvaSveTi qalaqis galavnis gareT idga, gareubanSi, baRebSi. amitom oTxi afsidi hqonda, martivi tetrakonqi iyo. zemodan, konqebis zemoT, iyo sivrce patara sarkmlebiT. is sacxovrebladac vargoda, Tu Zalian gaWirdeboda da Tavdasacavadac. aris magaliTebi. viciT, rom iq ojaxebic cxovrobdnen. misi asli, Tumca asli araswori sityvaa, misi erTgvari analogi aSenda XIX saukunis dasawyisSi. andronikaSvilebma aaSenes sofel qodaloSi, gare kaxeTSi. dgas es eklesia, dResac arsebobs. iq kidev xedav, rogor gardasaxes is, rac givi amilaxvris eklesiaSi iyo, ra daamates, ra moakles. ase rom, es SemoqmedebiTi damokidebuleba gamoleuli ar aris, potencia arsebobs. me yuradRebas vamaxvileb dasavluri elementebis Semosvlaze da, ai, ratom: TavisTavad es tendencia SeiZleba moviwonoT an ar moviwonoT. dasavluri elementebi Semodis imitomve, ratomac aRmosavluri Semodioda _ saxsrad uRonobisa. ganwyoba daaxloebiT amgvaria: ver vqmni im sqemiT, romelic XII saukunidan sul minda gavimeoro, mas veRarafers vmateb, amitom, modi, vcdi da iqneb, im gareSem miSvelos. raRac TvalsazrisiT, Svelis, radgan SemoqmedebiTia, Tumca, cxadia, es problemis gadawyveta ar aris, mxolod morigi mcdelobaa da rogorc mcdeloba, sworedac rom Rirebuli da dasafasebe-

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lia. miT umetes, nu dagvaviwydeba, rom maSindeli evropa CvenTvis Zalian Soria. Tumca, imavdroulad, anton I kaTalikosi da mis gverdiT myofi adamianebi gamalebiT Targmnian saxelmZRvaneloebs da cdiloben, rusi avtorebisa ki ar Targmnon, aramed evropelebis _ germanelis, frangis, ingliselis. ratom Targmnian maincdamainc evropelebisas? rusebsac xom aqvT es saxelmZRvaneloebi? Tu Zalian gaWirda da, miT umetes, Tu sarwmunoebas exeba, ra Tqma unda, rusul wigns aiReben, magram istoria, fizika, maTematika sul evropuli enebidan aqvT naTargmni. maT Tvali iqiT uWiravT. es aris Cveni istoriis ucnauri paradoqsi.

XIII saukunis Sua xanidan, rusudan dedofliT dawyebuli, mokavSires jer sadRac espaneTsa da safrangeTSi veZebT da roca iq araferi gamogviva, mereRa mivmarTavT gverdiT myof ruseTs. ver getyviT, ratom aris ase, ar vici. veraviTar racionalur mizezs ver vxedav. yovel SemTxvevaSi, me ar mesmis, ratom unda mivmarTo cxra mTas iqiT myofs daxmarebisaTvis, Tuki gverdiT vinme meguleba. TiTqos Tanamorwmunea da mas unda mivakiTxo, magram georgievskis traqtatis winac ki erekle II-m kidev erTxel scada da daxmarebisaTvis prusiis mefes, fridrix II-s, mimarTa. gaigo, rom is yvelaze Zlevamosili xelmwifea, samxedro TvalsazrisiT, warmatebuli da pirvelad imas hkiTxa. roca araferi gamovida, maSinRa wavida peterburgSi. ar vici, ratom. ar ganvixilav, me mxolod vambob, rom es ase iyo. am konteqstSi arqiteqturaSi amgvari evropuli elementebis gaCena imas niSnavs, rom es mTliani kulturaa. saxviT xelovnebaSi sasacilomdec ki midis saqme, ise cdiloben evropuli graviurebis gadmoxatvas swored XVIII saukuneSi. Tumca ukve saukunis bolosken Tundac besik gabaSvilis mama, mama zaqaria, romelic gelaTSi ikonostasebs xatavs, am graviurebs ise gardasaxavs, rom maT amosacnobad specialisti aris saWiro. Zalian sainteresoa, rom, roca Cveulebrivi adamiani amas xedavs, fiqrobs, raoden evropuli gaukeTebiao. arada, rodesac Cemma kolegam, q-nma mzia janjaliam, es da sxva amdroindeli xatebi da 1823 wlis bodbis moxatuloba

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evropul nimuSebs Seadara, saocari Sedegi miiRo. imas rom daudeb gverdiT, axedav da Turme mTlad klasikuri xatwera giWiravs. TiTqos sadRac Sua gzazea. Zalian saintereso analogiuri movlenebi aris, magaliTad, bulgareTSi. XVIII saukunis bolos iqac msgavsi ram xdeba, magram bulgareTs evropa gverdiT hyavda da Cven xom Sors varT, yovelnairad Sors, ratom veZebT amas?! Tan rusuli graviurebidan ki ar iReben, aramed _ holandiuridan, germanulidan. neta sad Soulobdnen am wignebs, es xom advili ar iyo?! etyoba, kaTolike misionrebs gamoarTves. ar vici, saidan, magram faqtia, rom moaqvT. xandaxan graviurebi amoWrilia evropuli wignebidan da qarTul xelnawerebSia Cakruli. arsebobs es xelnawerebi. iseTi undaT. undaT, radgan iqneb es iyos is sarkmeli, saidanac sufTa haeri Semova da gzas gavagrZelebT. erT-erTi bolo, rac damoukidebel saqarTveloSi gakeTda, iyo giorgi XII-is an, rogorc mas eZaxdnen, giorgi ukanasknelis vaJis, ioane batoniSvilis, gegma, rogor unda gardaiqmnas qarTl-kaxeTis samefo, sadac ra aRar aris _ universitetic, muzeumic, stambac. iq yvelaferi gaTvaliswinebulia. aris regularuli jaric, romelic me Zalian ar momwons, magram maSin yvelaze sicocxlisunarianad es Canda. es isev da isev dasavluri modeli iyo. aqeT, aRmosavleTSi, aseTi ram maincdamainc ar yofila. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es e.w. evropulic, romelsac xSirad rusebs vCuqniT, roca vambobT, rom maTTan erTad Semovida, sinamdvileSi, sulac ar gvaqvs viRacisTvis samadlobeli. es Cven TviTon gvindoda da Tu ara Zaldataneba, romelzedac ukve Semdeg mogaxsenebT, me vfiqrob, rom Cveni kulturuli cxovreba gacilebiT ufro Tanmimdevrulad, organulad warimarTeboda da ase mgonia, is mkveTri texilebi da Cavardnebic _ wyvetebs ver davarqmev _ ar iqneboda. politikurad qveyana ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobaSi iyo da aseve aris dRes, rodesac aRarc ki vici, ra hqvia im mdgomareobas, romelSic vimyofebiT, magram es arc maSin niSnavda da arc dRes niSnavs TviTon qarTveli eris SemoqmedebiTi energiis gamofitvas.

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araviTar SemTxvevaSi! potenciali maSinac didi iyo da dResac Zalian didia. vinc aswavlis qarTul saswavleblebSi (me ukve TiTqmis 40 welia vaswavli), SeuZlebelia ar daadasturos, rom ar arsebobs aseTi weli, rodesac Cvens auditoriebSi am Tu im konkretuli xelobisTvis vargisi da Zalian niWieri ori-sami adamiani mainc ar mova. es Zalian bevria, batonebo, amaze meti arc erT qveyanaSi ar aris. iq rom as studentSi zis ori niWieri da me kidev TxuTmet kacSi ori myavs, es Zalian maRali maCvenebelia. Cven, raodenobrivi simciris gamo, es gvecotaveba da sinamdvileSi ki Zalian bevria. danarCenebSic, romlebic SeiZleba am xelobas didad ar gamoadgenen, yovelTvis aris raRac. yvelaSi raRac niWia, raRac unaria _ vin ras akeTebs da vin ras. magaliTad, zogierT Cvens students, romelic, Cemi azriT, maincdamainc ar brwyinavda, saocari monacemebi aRmoaCnda _ zogs finansistis, zogs kidev menejeris. mokled, gasakviri ambavia. erT-erTi Zalian niWieri kursdamTavrebuli, romelmac Cvens dargs, samwuxarod, Tavi daaneba, imisTana saqmeebs akeTebs, rom verc warmomidgenia, amis keTeba rogor SeiZleba. es xom unaria, es xom adamians unda SeeZlos?! axla sxva qveyanaSi akeTebs saerTod raRac sagmiro saqmeebs, CemTvis lamisaa mosasmenadac daujerebels, magram asea. piriqiT, Cven unda gvesmodes _ raxan es SemoqmedebiTi unari arsebobs, swored amitom aris saWiro am qveynis SenarCuneba. is rom gamoleuli iyos, maSin ra azri eqneboda Cvens yofnas?! leSebiviT Tu daveyrebiT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs, damoukideblebi viqnebiT Tu sxvis monobaSi? Tu arafris maqnisi xar, aRaraferi SegiZlia, saTqmeli da gamosaxatavi aRar gaqvs, ra mniSvneloba aqvs, vin moiyvans yanaSi xorbals _ koreeli, marseli Tu sxva galaqtikidan mofrenili rvafexa?! amas araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs. maSinac iyo es SemoqmedebiTi muxti da swored imitom gadadges Cvenma xelmwifeebma, rogorc gairkva, mTlad sabediswero Tu ara, Zalian mZime nabiji ruseTTan nair-nairi xelSekrulebebis dadebisas. swored imitom, rom amas xedavdnen! isini xedavdnen qveyanas, romelsac SeuZlia

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arseboba, amitom saWiro iyo misi gadarCena, Torem sxva ra _ mokvdeboda da mokvdeboda. axlac zustad igive xdeba. oRond erTia _ imaT sazogadoeba mainc datoves, myari sazogadoeba. Cven sazogadoebac aRar gvaqvs da Zalian didi Zalisxmevaa saWiro. samwuxarod, unda vTqva, rom es, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTar Tavze ukve qarTvelma axalgazrdobam unda aiRos. mesmis, rom advili ar aris sxvis mier dakavebul asparezze Semosvla, magram, vfiqrob, rom studenturi asakis adamianebma an studentobidan axlad gamosulebma Zalian daJinebiT unda ifiqron imaze, ra SeuZliaT, gaakeTon gindac dRevandel pirobebSi, gindac 10, 15 an 20 wlis Semdeg, rodesac, madloba ufals, es asparezi ukve maTi iqneba. maT aqedanve unda daiwyon fiqri, darazmva _ ara politikuri partiebis Seqmna, rac srulebiT umaqnisia, Tu Sen idea ar gagaCnia. swored, ideebis, gegmebis momwifebaa saWiro. saWiroa ideebsa da idealebze fiqri. Cven vlaparakobT Rirebulebebze da es carieli sityvebia, maT miRma Sinaarsi ar aris. evropuli Rirebulebebi... aba, hkiTxeT, vinc amas qadagebs, ras gulisxmobs da imisTanas getyviT, rom neta gaCumebuliyo. maT sulac ar ician, es ra aris. pirovneba Rirebuliao, rom gaiZaxian, esmiT pirovneba ra aris? pirovnebaSi ra aris Rirebuli, esmiT? pirovnebis Tavisufleba ra aris, esmiT? maT esmiT es dasavleTSi yvelaze arafrismaqnisi, myvirala fenisgan da ara namdvili dasavleTisgan, romelic samoTxe ar aris, arc idealia, arc srulyofilia. modiT, rac saRia, is mainc viswavloT da ara raRac sisulele! es yvelaferi ukve axalgazrda Taobam unda gaakeTos iseve, rogorc XIX saukuneSi. maSinac axalgazrdobam ikisra sruli politikuri katastrofis Semdeg qveynis gaZRola, misi gadarCena da gzaze dayeneba. rogor gamovida es da ranairad aisaxa Tundac Cvens samSeneblo kulturaze, amaze ukve Semdeg visaubrebT.

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