"r®opfusrf;xJu0dnmOf (pneuma)?1;8

txl;taMumif;t&m/ "r®opfusrf;xJu 0dnmOf (PNEUMA) pum;vHk; *&da0g[m& ]0dnmOf} udk "r®opfusrf;ü t"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; twGufoHk;onf/ trsdK;tpm;tcsdKUtwGuf Oyrmrsm; þwGif azmfjyonf/ u/ oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;ESifh qkdifí 1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;ESifhqdkifí (a,m 4;24) 2/ om;awmfbk&m;ESifhqdkifí (a&m 8;9-10/ 2 aum 3;17/ *v 4;6/ 1 ay? 1;11) 3/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifí (rm? 1;11/ r 3;16/ 10;20/ a,m 3;5?6?8/ 7;39/ 14;17/ w 2;4/ 5;9/ 8;29? 35/ a&mr 1;4/ 8;11?16/ 1 aum 2;4?10?11? 13?14/ 12;7) c/ vlYtouf\ cGeftm; 1/ a,½IESifhqdkifí (rm 8;12/ a,m 11;33? 38/ 13;21) 2/ vlom;ESifhqdkifí (r? 22;43/ w? 7;59/ 17;16/ 20;22/ a&m 1;9/ 8;16/ 1 aum 2;11/ 5;3-5/ 7;34/ 15;45/ 16;18/ 2 aum 2;13/ 7;13/ zd 4;23/ aum 2;5)/ */ 0dnmOfavmuESifhqdkifí 1/ 0dnmOfowÅ0grsm; (u) aumif;aom (aumif;uifwrefrsm;? w 23;8-9/ a[NAJ 1;14) (c) qdk;aom (0dnmOfqdk;rsm;^ewfqdk;rsm;? r 8;16/ 10;1/ 12;43? 45/ w? 5;16/ 8;7/ 16;16/ 19;12-21/ { 6;12)/ (*) wapärsm; (vkum 24;37) 2/ 0dnmOfa&;&m todtjrif (r 5;3/ 26;41/ a,m 3;6/ 4;23/ w 18;25/ a&m 2;29/ 7;6/ 8;4?10/ 12;11/ 1 aum 14;37/ 3/ 0dnmOft&mrsm; (a,m 6;63/ a&m 2;29/ 8;2?5?9?15/ 15;27/ 1 aum 9;11/ 14;12) 4/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm; (1 aum 12;1/ 14;1) 5/ 0dnmOfrIwfoGif;jcif; (r? 22;43/ vk 2;27/ { 1;17) 6/ 0dnmOfcE¨m (1 aum? 15;44-45)

C/ xif&Sm;apaomt&mrsm;rSm 1/ avmupdwfaeoabmxm; (a&m 8;15/ 11;8/ 1 aum 2;12) 2/ vlom;\ pOf;pm;jcif;tvkyf (w? 6;10/ a&m 8;6/ 1 aum 4;2) i/ ½kyfavmuü 1/ av (r 7;25?27/ a,m 3;8/ w 2;2) 2/ xGufouf (w 17;25/ 2 ouf 2;8)

þa0g[m&udk ¤if;\ ay:vm&mpmydk'f&Sd taMumif;t&mtm;jzifh teufjyef&rnfrSm aocsmonf/ nTef;qdkEdkifaom t"dyÜg,f t&dyft>ruftcsdKU&Sdonf/ (1) ½kyfavmu (2) rjzpfEkdifaom avmu (3) ½kyfurÇm (0g) 0dnmOfavmu\ yk*¾dKvfrsm;/

oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oefY&Sif;í tBuD;jrifhqHk; vkyfaqmifol? oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\ 0dnmOftydkif; jzpfonf/ aumif;aom? oefY&Sif;aom? rSefí ppfrSefaom t&mtm;vHk;onf olESifhqdkifonf/ ol\ &Sdaejcif;? ol\ qkvufaqmifESifh trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;onf {0Ha*vdw&m; jyefYyGm;rIESifh bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf atmifjrifa&;twGuf tjrwfqHk;aom t&mjzpfonf/ (a,m 14 ESifh 16)/ olonf rdrdxHtm½HkrqGJaqmifbJ? c&pfawmfxHodkYom tm½HkqGJaqmifaponf/ (a,m 16;13-14)/ olonf tjypfudk azmfjyonf/ oabmaygufem;vnfaponf/ ydk;yef;onf^aoG;aqmifonf/ AwÅdZHay;onf/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkYudk &ifhusufaponf (a,m 16;8-11)

1;10 ]tpOfrjywfqkawmif;yXemjyKonf/} aygvkonf þtoif;awmftm; wnfaxmifjcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; ,laqmifaom toif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;enf;wl wpdkufrwfrwf qkawmif;ay;onf (2 aum? 11;28)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;/ 9;3 ü Munfhyg/ odkYaomf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmfü aygvk\ rdwfaqGtrsm;tjym;&SdaMumif; tcef;BuD; 16 ü &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/

]]tcGifhwpHkwck&SdEdkifOD;rvm;[k qdkum (&SdygrnftaMumif;)}}/ xdkodkY trSefjzpfvmrnf[k pma&;olrSwf,lxm;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf pmygtwdkif;vnf; jzpfEkdifaom cRif;csufyg 0gusrsdK; jzpfonf/ aygvkonf pydefjynfoGm;&if; a&mrNrdKUodkY c&D;oGm;[efvTJvnfywf&ef pDpOfonf/ (15;22-24)/ MumMumae&ef pDpOfyHkr&acs/ aygvkonf tjcm;olrsm; rvkyfrudkifcJh&m e,fajra'oopfrsm;ü vkyfaqmifvdkavh&Sdonf/ (15;20/ 2 aum? 10;15?16)/ a&mrMo0g'pm a&;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm pydefjynfomoemjyKc&D;twGuf &HyHkaiGawmif;&efvnf; jzpfEkdifonf (15;24)/

]]bk&m;ocif tvdkawmftm;jzifh tqifoifhí oifwdkY&Sd&modkY igvm&aom tcGifhwpHkw&m&SdygrnftaMumif;/}} ¤if;onf ti,f 13 ESifh 15;32 wdkYESifh wlonf/ aygvkonf rdrdb0ESifhc&D;pOf pDrHcsufrsm;udk olydkifqdkifonfr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocifuom ydkifonf[k cH,lonf (w? 18;21/ 1 aum 4;19/ 16;7)/ 12;2 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ,HkMunfol\ qkawmif;rIrsm;u tusdK; oufa&mufapEkdif aMumif;vnf; rSwfom;yg/

1;11 ]]oifwdkYudk tvGefawGUjrifcsifyg\/}} ¤if;onf 15;23 ESifh wlonf/ aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU&Sd ,HkMunfolrsm;udk umvMumjrifhpGmuyif awGUjrifvdkonf/ (w? 19;21)/

]]0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpHkwckudk tyfay;jcif;iSg}}

]0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;} qdkonfh pum;pktm; 0dnmOa&;&m todtjrif (0g) 0dnmOfa&; aumif;csD;[laom tjrifjzifh toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ (11;29/ 15;27)/ aygvkonf rdrdtm; wyg;trsdK;om; (tpöa&;r[kwfaom tjcm;vlrsdK;rsm;) twGuf wrefawmftjzpf xl;jcm;pGm ac:zdwfcH&oltjzpf rddrdudk,frdrd odjrifonf (i,f? 15)/

]]oifwdkYonf jrJjrHcdkifcHhrnftaMumif;}} ¤if;onf histēmi \ Aorist Passive Infinitive ac: tjyKcHBud,m wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,foHk;rsdK;&dSEdkifonf/ 1/ NrJjrH - a&m? 1;11/ 16;25/ 1 ouf 3;13/ 2 ay 1;12 2/ cGeftm;ay; - vk? 22;32/ 1 ouf 3;2/ 2 ouf? 2;17/ 3;3/ ,mukyf 5;8/ Asm 3;2/ 3/ cdkifrmaom qHk;jzwfcsuftwGuf ta&SUtv,fydkif; bmompum;? vkum 9;51/ 5;2 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

1;12 ¤if;rSm c&pf,mefrdwfó[m,\ &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;onf tvkyfvkyfaom todkif;t0dkif; wpfcktjzpf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; aygif;pnf;&ef jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefwdkYudk qkaus;Zl;rsm; ay;onfrSm tm;vHk;\ aumif;usdK;twGuf jzpfonf (1 aum 12;7)/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;vHk; qDavsmfoifhawmf Muonfcsnf;jzpf\/ qkaus;Zl;tm;vHk;udk u,fwifjcif;&csdefü oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfu ay;onf (1 aum 12;11)/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk; ac:zdwfcHolrsm;? qkaus;Zl;&&Sdolrsm;ESifh tcsdefjynfh trIaqmifrsm;jzpfonf ({? 4;11-12)/ rdrdü wrefawmftjzpf tcGifhtmPm&SdaMumif; rdrdod&Sdxm;rIudk aygvk&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyaomfvnf; todkif;t0dkif;twGif; tjyeftvSefoabmjzpfjcif;udkvnf; azmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf vdktyfMuonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mcsif;rsm; jzpfMuonf/

1;13 ]]oifwkdYrodbJ aejcif;iSg? igtvkdr&Sd/}} ¤if;onfta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm; rajymrD aygvk okH;aeuspum;jzpfonf (11;25/ 1 aum? 10;1/ 12;1/ 2 aum? 1;8/ 1 ouf? 4;13)

]],ckwkdifatmif[efYwm;jcif;cH&onf/}} ¤if;rSm tjyKcHBud,mwpfrsdK; jzpfonf/ þpum;pkrsdK;udk 1 ouf? 2;18 üvnf; awGY&NyD;? [efYwm;olrSm pmwefjzpfonf/ rdrd\ toufwmudk bk&m;ocif vrf;jyNyD;? pmwefu zsufqD;onf[k aygvk ,kHMunfonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvkH;rSefoifhoavmuf rSefygonf/ (a,mb? 1-2/ 'H? 10)/ 15;22 ü þa0g[m&tokH;jyK&mü wm;qD;rIrSm ajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufa'o twGif;rNyD;jywfao;aom (ydwfqkdYcH&onf) aygvk\ omoemjyK vkyfief;ukd qkdvkdonf/

]]oifwkdYwGifvnf; tusdK;wpkHwpfck&jcif;iSg}} þae&m&Sd ]]tusdK;}} qkdonfrSm "fruit"-toD; jzpfNyD; ,kHMunfajymif;vJol topfrsm;ukd qkdvkdjcif; jzpfEkdifaomfvnf;? a,m? 15;1-8 ESifh *vm 5;22 wkdYürl c&pf,mef&ifhusufrIudk nTef;qkdonf/ róJ 7 ü ]]olwkdY\ toD;tm;jzihf olwdkYudk od&vdrfhrnf}} [k qdkaomfvnf; rnfodkYaom toD;jzpfaMumif; razmfjyacs/ (jrefrmusrf;pmürl

]]tusifh}} [k yg&Sdonf) ¤if;ESifhtaumif;qkH;usrf;NydKifwpfckrSm zd? 1;22 jzpfNyD; aygvku þuJhokdYaom pkdufysdK;a&;qkdif&m wifpm;rIpum;vkH; okH;ygonf/

1;14 ]]ta<u;onf igüwifvsuf&Sd\}} þa0g[m&ukd a&mrMo0g'pmxJü aygvktawmfrsm;rsm; okH;onf/ 1/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;vkH;ü (þae&mwGif) {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&ef aygvkü wm0eff&Sdonf/ 2/ aoG;om; Zmwdtay: aygvkü wm0efr&Sd^ta<u;rwif (8;12) 3/ wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfonf a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd rdciftoif;awmftm; yHhykd;&ef wm0ef&Sd (15;27)

]]wyg;trsdK;om; - (*sL;r[kwfolrsm;)}} zGHYNzdK;wkd;wufaom? ,Ofaus;rI xGef;um;onfh ajrxJyifv,f w0kdufa'ovlrsm;ukd nTef;onf/ r[mtvufZ`E´m; bk&ifBuD;ESifh olYaemufvkdufrsm;onf xkdpOfu od&onfh urÇmtm; *&d,Ofaus;rI oGwfoGif;cJhMuonf/ (Hellenized) a&mrvlrsdK;wkdY odrf;ykdufNyD;aemuf *&d,Ofaus;rIukd cH,lMuonf/

]]r,Ofaus;aomolrsm;}} þa0g[m& (Barbarians-onomatopoeia) onf ynmrwwfaom? r,Ofaus;aom vlrsdK;tkyfpkrsm;? txl;ojzifh ajrmufykdif;a'o vlrsdK;rsm;ukd qkdvdkonf/ olwkdYpum;ajymoHonf *&dvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh a&mrvlrsdK;rsm;twGuf ]]bm;? bm;? bm;}} ESifh wlonf/

]]ynm&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmrJhol}} rl&if; *&dü ¤if;onf "barbarian" ESifh qifwljzpfEkdifaomfvnf;? xkdokdYr[kwfacs/ þtkyfpktm;vkH;ESifh vlwpfOD;csif;tm;vkH;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;16-17 16{0Ha*vdw&m;onf ,kHMunfaomolwkdif; yxrOD;pGm *sL;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; u,fwifjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfjzpfojzifh igonf ¤if;aMumifh &SufaMumufjcif; r&Sdacs/ 17 tb,faMumifhqdkaom ]]ajzmifhrwfaom olonf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrfhrnf}} [k usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnd bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;onf ¤if;w&m;ü ,kHMunfjcif;rS ,kHMunfjcif;twGuf zGifhjyvsuf&Sdonf/

1;16-17/ ti,f 16-17onf þMo0g'pmwpftkyfvkH;&JU OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ þOD;wnfcsuffukd 3;21-31 ü tus,fcsJYum tusOf;csKyfonf/