"r®opfusrf;\ tem*wådpum;? 12;6

]]vQif^ygu}} ¤if;onf eite rS bmomjyefjcif;jzpfum ]]vQif ^ygu... }} [lí t"dyÜg,f&SdjyD; ti,f 6?7?8 wdkYü xyfcgwvJvJawGU&onf/ þti,fü rnfonfh Mud,mrQvdkufrvmaomfvnf; (1aum 3;22/ 8;5/ 2aum 5;10) PRESENT INDICATIVE wpfck vdkufvmavh&Sdonf/ (aum 12;26/ 2aum 1;6) xdkYaMumifh þ0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk azmfjyaom yxrwef;cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/

]]tem*wÅdpum;^ya&mzufjyKcsuf (pum;)}} ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;rSmuJhodkY bk&m;ocifay;aom zGifhjyawmf rljcif; (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom) owif;pum;rsKd;r[kwfacs/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ya&mzufrsm;onf or®musrf;pmudk a&;om;jyKpMuonf/ (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;)/ "r®opfusrf;ürIþpum;onf bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;udk a[majymaMumfjimjcif;jzpfonf/ MudKwifa[majymjcjif; (ya&mzufjyKjcif;) vnf;ygEdkifonf/ (wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 21;10-11)/ owif;pum;topfa[majymjcif;r[kwfbJ owif;aumif; {0Ha*vd w&m;ESifh ¤if;tm; ,aeYrnfodkY usifhokH;&rnfudk &Sif;vif;jcif;jzpfonf/ þa0ga[m&ü ykHaoum;us[lí r&SdbJ? ajymif;vJí okH;Edkifaom oabm&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;trIawmfvkyfaejcif; (1aum 14;1? 39) ESifh 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfckudk &nfnTef;onfhtcgvnf; &Sdonf/ (1aum 12;28/ 14;29/ {zuf 4;11)/ ajymif;vJí tokH;jyKEdkifjcif;oabmudk þa&mrMo0g'pmESifh wpfcsdefwnf; cefYü aygvka&;aom aum&dEÅKMo0g' pmapmifrsm;üvnf; awGY&onf/ (1aum 12;10? 12/ 13;8/ 14;1?5?29?39)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "r®opfusrf;tem*wdÅpum; (ya&mzufjyKjcif;)

1/ ¤if;onf YHWH xHrS zGifhjyawmfrIjcif;jzpfonfh 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;qdkif&m (wref 3;18? 21/ a&mr 16;26) *sL;&AÁdq&mMuD;rsm;\ t"dyÜg,fyGg;wpfckjzpfaom "r®a[mif;ya&mzufjyKjcif;ESifh rwl? wpfjcm;pDjzpfonf/ (BDB 611) ya&mzufrsm;uomvQif or®musrf;pmtm; a&;om;Edkifonf/ u/ arma&Sudk ya&mzufwpfyg;[kac:onf/ (w&m;a[m 18;15-21) c/ ordkif;^&mZ0ifusrf;rsm; a,m½I – "r®&mZ0ifusrf;rsm; (½koryg)udk ]]a&S;OD;ya&mzufusrf;rsm;}} [kac:onf/ (wref 3;24) */ ya&mzufrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS taMumif;Mum;csuf\ t&if;tjrpftjzpf,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ ae&mudk ,lxm;Muonf/ (a[&Sm,? rmvcd)

C/ a[jAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;\ 'kwd,wJGudk ]] ya&mzufusrf;rsm;}} [kac:onf/ (róJ 5;17/ 22;40/ vkum 16;16/ 24;25/27/ a&mr 3;21)/

2/ "r®opfusrf;ü xdkoabmudk trsKd;rsKd;okH;onf u/ "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh olwdkY\ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom owif;pum; (róJ 2;23/ 5;12/ 11;13/ 13;14/ a&mr 1;2)/ c/ tpktaygif;xuf wpfOD;wpfa,muftwGuf owif;pum;udk nTef;onf ("r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;\ a[majymcsufrsm;rSm rlvtm;jzifh tpöa&;udk ajymonf) */ ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[efESifh (róJ 11;9/ 14;5/ 21;26/ vkum 1;76) a,½IwdkYtm; bk&m;ocif\

EdkifiHawmftm;aMumfjimolrsm;tjzpf &nfnTef;onf/ (róJ 13;57/ 21;11?46/ vkum 4;24/ 7;16/ 13;33/ 24;19)/ a,½Iudk,fawmfwdkifonf rdrdrSm ya&mzufwdkY xufMuD;jrwfoljzpfaMumif;ajymonf/ (róJ 11;9/ 12;41/ vkum 7;26/

C/ "r®opfusrf;xJtjcm; ya&mzufrsm; 1/ vkum c&pf0ifusrf;xJrSwfwrf;wifxm;onfhtwdkif; a,½I\ tapmydkif;b0 (rm&d\ rSwfom;rIrsm;) (u) {vdZbuf (vkum 1;41-42)

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(c) Zmc&d (vkum 1;67-79) (*) &Sdrkef (vkum 2;25-35) (C) tEé (vkum 2;36) 2/ wpfzufvSnfha[mudef;rsm; (um,z? a,m[ef 11;51) i/ {0Ha*vda[molrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf (a[majymjcif;qkvufaqmifrsm; 1aum 12;28?29/ Pzuf 4;11/ p/ toif;awmfxJ qufvufaeaom qkvufaqmif (róJ 23;34/ wrefawmf 13;1/ 15;32/ a&mr 12;6/ 1aum 12;10?28-29/ 13;2/ {zuf 4;11)/ ¤if;onf wcgwavtrsKd;orD;rsm;ü jzpfonf/ (vkum 2;36/ wref 2;17/ 21;9/ 1aum 11;4-5) q/ tem*wfa[mMum;csufjzpfaom Asm'dwfusrf;udk nGef;onf (Asm 1;3/ 22;7?10?18?19)

3/ "r®opf ya&mzufrsm; u/ "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm; (or®musrf;pm) uJhodkY 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aomtjcm; Asm'dwf awmf frsm;ray;Muacs/ ]],kHMunfjcif;}} qdkaom pum;onf wrefawmf 6;7/ 13;8? 14;22/ *v 1;23/ 3;23/ 6;10/ zdvdyÜd 1;27/ ,k' 3?20 wdkYü yg&Sdojzifh þt&mrSm rSefuefEdkifonf/ þoabmudk ,k' 3ü &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/ ]]oefY&Sif;olwdkYü txufu tyfay; (wpfcgwnf;ESifh tjyD;tydkif tjrJtwGuf) cJhjyD;aom ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;}} ... [lí yg&Sdonf/ ]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tjrJtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;}} [kqdk&mü or®musrf;rsm;? Mo0g'rsm;? cH,lcsufrsm;? c&pf,mef\ avmutjrifwdkYudk qdkvdkonf/ ]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tjrJtwGuf}} [lítav;teufajymjcif;onf "r®opfusrf;a&;om;jyKpkjcif;twGuf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;udk &nfnTef;jyD;¤if;tm; "r®oabmw&m;t& uefhowfrIjyK&ef or®musrf; enf;us tajccHjzpfum? ¤if;onf aemufydkif; (0g) tjcm;a&;om;rIrsm;udk zGifhjyjcif;tjzpf cGifhrjyKacs/ "r®opfusrf;ü t"dyÜg,f roJuJGaom? r&Sif;vif;aom? raocsmaom u@rsm;pGm&SdonfrSefaomfvnf; ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh usifhokH;jcif;twGuf vdktyfaomt&m tm;vkH; "r®opfusrf;ü vkHavmuf&Sif;vif;pGmyg&Sdonf[k ,kHMunfol lrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh twnfjyKonf/ þoabmudk ]]zGifhjyjcif;qdkif&mMwd*H}} onf tao;pdwfjyoonf/ (1) bk&m;ocifonf tcsdefae&m\ ordkif;xJ rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyonf/ (zGifhjyjcif; (REVELATION) (2) olonf rdrd\ vkyfaqmifrItm; rSwfwrf;jyK&efESifh &Sif;jy&ef tcsKdUvlom;pma&;q&mrsm; a&G;cs,fonf/ (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;) (3) vlom;rsm;onf þa&;om;rIrsm;udk em;vnfEdkif&ef olwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;rsm;udk zGifhay;ap&ef bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ 0dnmOfawmfudk olwdkYtm;ay;onf/ em;vnfonfqdk&mü twdtusr[kwfbJ u,fwifjcif;ESifh c&pf,meftoufwmxda&mufap&ef vkHavmufjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ (em;vnf oabmaygufapjcif;)/ t"duqdkvdkcsufrSm 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;[lonf or®musrf;pm a&;om; olrsm;ü uefYowfxm;onf [lí jzpf\/

trdefYtmPmydkifaom aemufxyfta&;tom;? ½lyg½kH (0g) zGifhjyjcif; [lír&Sdacs/ or®musrf;pmudk uefYowfxm;cJhjyDjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifudk oifhavsmfvkHavmufpGm wkHUjyefEdkif&ef vdktyforQ or®musrf;pmwdkUü &SdcJhjyDjzpf\/ þor®mw&m;udk or®musrf;pma&;om;olrsm;\ oabmnDnTwfrIü taumif;qkH;awGU&onf/ ¤if;rSm pdwf&if;rSefjyD;? bk&m;udk &dkaoaom ,kHMunfoltcsKdU\ oabmxm;rnDnTwfrIESifh rlqefYusifbufjzpfaeonf/ acwfopfpma&;ol? a[majymolrnfolürqdk or®musrf;pma&;om;olrsm;ü &SdcJhaom bk&m;\ tcGifhtmPm acgif;aqmifrItqifhtwef;r&Sdacs/

c/ "r®opf ya&mzufrsm;onf "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh qifwlrItcsKdU&Sdonf/

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(1) a&SUjzpfa[mjcif; (aygvk?wrefawmf 27;22/ tm*Ak wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 21;10?11/ tjcm;emrnf razmfjyaom ya&mzufrsm;? wrefawmf 20;23)

(2) w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk aMumfjim (aygvk 13;11/ 28;25-28) (3) tjzpftysufwpfck ay:vGifpGm o½kyfazmfaom ykHaqmifcsuftjyKtrl (tm*Ak wrefawmf 21;11) */ {0Ha*vd or®mw&m;udk a&SUjzpfa[mjcif;ykHpHjzifh wpfcgwpfavaMumfjimMuonf (wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 20;23/ 21;10-11)/ odkYaomf ¤if;rSm rlvpl;pdkufrI[kwfacs/ 1aum&dEÅKxJyg&Sdonfh ya&mzufjyKjcif;rSm tajccHtm;jzifh owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[mjcif;jzpfonf/ (14;24?39) C/ topfaom tajctae "avhxkH;pH (0g) tcsdefumvwpfckpDtwGuf acwfjydKifzGifhjyrIrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;tm; vufawGUtokH;jyK&ef xdk"r®opf ya&mzufrsm;rSm 0dnmOfawmf\ acwfjydKif vkyfaqmifrI jzpfonf/ (1aum 14;3) i/ aygvk yg0ifaom toif;awmfrsm;\ tapmydkif;umvrsm;ü olwdkYvIyf&Sm;yg0ifMuonf/ (1aum 11;4-5/ 12;28?29/ 13;29/ 14;1?3?4?5?6?22?24?29?31?32?37?39/ {zuf 2;20/ 3;5/ 4;11/ 1ouf 5;20)

Didache üvnf; ya&mzufrsm;taMumif;azmfjyum (yxr&mpk aemufydkif; (0g) 'kwd,&mpktwGif; a&;om;onf/ tcsdefumvraocsm) ajrmuftmz&duü 'kwd,ESifhwwd,&mpkESpfrsm;twGif; rGefwed0g' (Montanism) üvnf; azmfjyonf/

4/ "r®opfusrf;xJ qkaus;Zl;rsm;&yfqdkif;oGm;cJhjyDaom u/ þar;cGef;udk tajzay;&ef cufcJonf/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;ay;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuftm; t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfjcif;onf xdktaMumif;t&m&Sif;vif;a0&ef ulnDonf/ xdkqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf {0Ha*vd w&m;tpjyKa[majymjcif;tm; twnfjyKay;&ef t"duavm¿ odkYr[kwf toif;awmfonf rdrdudk,frdrdESifh aysmufqkH;aom urÇmMuD;tm; tapcH&ef qufvufaeaom enf;y,frsm;avm¿ c/ þar;cGef;udk tajz&ef toif;awmfordkif; (0g) "r®opfusrf;b,f[mudk Munfhrnfenf;¿ qkaus;Zl;rsm; acwÅ,m,DtwGufom jzpfonf[laom azmfjycsufrsKd; "r®opfusrf;ü r&Sdacs/ þudpötaMumif;ajym&ef 1aum 13;8-13 tokH;jyKvdkolrsm;onf xdpmydk'fü pma&;ol\ &nf&G,fcsufudk vTJrSm;pGm okH;jcif;omjzpfonf/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'fü cspfjcif;arwÅmuvJTvQift&m tm;vkH;aysmufuG,f rnftaMumif; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ */ tcGifhtmPmqdkonfrSm toif;awmfordkif;r[kwfbJ? "r®opfusrf;omvQifjzpf&um;?qkaus;Zl;rsm; qufvuf foGm;aeonf[k ajym&ef uREkfyfaoG;aqmifjcif;cHae&ygonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapteufjyefjcif;udk ,Ofaus;rI (culture) onf xdcdkufonf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfonf/ rl&if;pmü tvGef&Sif;vif;aomt&m tcsKdUtokH; jyKír&awmhacs/ (oefY&Sif;aomterf;? trsKd;orD;acgif;zkH;? tdrfü toif;awmfpnf;a0;jcif; ... pojzifh) ,Ofaus;rIonf rlvpmudk xdcdkufonf qdkygu? toif;awmfordkif;onf tb,faMumifh rxdcdkufbJ aernfenf;¿) C/ ¤if;rSm twdtusrajzEdkifaom &dk;pif;onfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ tcsKdU,kHMunfolrsm;onf ]]&yfqJjcif;}} twGuf ckcHumuGufay;MurnfjzpfjyD;? tjcm;olrsm;onf ]]r&yfqJjcif;}} twGuf ckcHajymqdkMurnfjzpfonf/ tjcm;aom teufjyefjcif; u@rsm;pGm rSmenf;wl þu@müfvnf; ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;rSm t"duaomhcsufjzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;xJu t"dyÜg,fwdusonfh rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ,Ofaus;rI ordkif;onf xdcdkufrI&SdjyD;? rnfonf taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm tcsdeftm;vkH;ESifh toif;awmf tm;vkH;twGuf jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&efcufcJonf/ Fee and Stuart's How to Read the Bible for All Its

Worth, pp. 14-19ESifh 69-77) vGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef&SdrItaMumif; a&mr 14;1-15;13 ESifh 1aum 810 wdkYü aqG;aEG;csufwdkYta&;MuD;onf/ þar;cGef; tajzay;&mü ta&;MuD;tcsufESifh &yf&Sdonf/

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(1) ,kHMunfolwkdif;onf rdrdwdkYü&Sdaom tvif;tm;jzifh oGm;&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwdkY\

ESvkH;om;ESifh rdrdwdkY bmhaMumifhvkyfonf[laomt&mudk Munfhonf/ (2) ,kHMunfolwdkif;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; olwdkY\ ,kHMunfem;vnfrItm;jzifh oGm;cGifhjyK&ygrnf/ or®musrf;pm\ uefUowfrIe,fy,ftwGif; onf;cHjcif;&Sd&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk olcspfawmfrlonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkYtcsif;csif;udkvnf; cspfapvdkonf/

i/ þtaMumif;t&m\ tusOf;csKyfrSm c&pf,mefonf ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmjzifh touf&Sifjcif;jzpfjyD; pkHvifjynfh0aom "r®oabmw&m;wpf&yfr[kwfac/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ qufqHa&;udk tusKd;oufa&mufonfh bk&m;&SifESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ qufqHa&;onf wdusaom taMumif;t&mwpfck (0g) t,l0g'xufydkrdkta&;ygonf/

]],kHMunfjcif;twdkif;twmudk vdkufvsuf}} ¤if;onf ti,f 3üonfh ]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDtm; ,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tqwpfckpDay;onfhtwdkif;}} qdkonfhtcsufESifh wdkuf&kdufqufoG,fonf/ ({zuf 4;7)/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdonfh qkaus;Zl;tm; rnfodkY tokH;jyK&rnfudkajymaom ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh taMumif;t&mESifhvnf; qufpyf&ygrnf/ tajccHtm;jzifh *v 5;22-23ü pm&if;jyKpkxm;onfh 0dnmOfawmf toD;jzpfaom rdrdwdkYwpfOD;csif;tm; bk&m;ocifay;onfh trIawmfrsm; aqmif&Guf&mü ,kHMunfol\ pdwfaeoabm? vkyf&jcif;taMumif;&if;ESifh pGrf;tm;rsm;taMumif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/

12;7 NASB ]]trIaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygu}} NKJV, NRSV ]]odkYr[kwf trIaqmif&Gufjcif;? ¤if;udk igwdkY\ trIaqmif&Gufjcif;ü tokH;jyKMupdkY}} TEV ]]tapcH&efjzpfygu? uRefawmfwdkY tapcHjcif;jyK&ygrnf}} NJB ]]tkyfcsKyfjcif;twGufjzpfygu? ¤if;udk tkyfcsKyfjcif;twGufokH;yg}} *&da0g[m& (diakonia)twGuf wdusaom t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;r&Sdojzifh acwfopfbmomjyef usrf;rsm;uJGjym;&jcif;jzpfonf/ jzpfEdkifaom t"dyÜg,frSm (1) vufawGUaqmif&Gufjcif;odkYr[kwf (2) tkyfcsKyfjcif;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 6;1/ 1aum 12;5?28)/ Harold K Moulton jyKpkonfh The Analitical Greek Lexicon Revised) a&mr 12;7/ 1aum 12;5/ aum 4;17/ 2wd 4;5 wdkYü ]]tvkyfvkyfykH? trIawmfodkYr[kwf&kH;}} [k t"dyÜg,fzGifhonf/ (pm-92)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyft& t"dupl;pdkufjyKonfrSm tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;udk ulnDjcif;jzpfonf/

]]oGefoifaomolrsm;onf ..... oGeffoifjcif;jyKvsuf}}qkvufaqmif (didasko) udk 1aum 12;28Esifh 14;26 wdkYü pm&if;jyKpkxm;onf/ ¤if;onf wrefawmf 13;1u ya&mzufrsm;? {zuf 4;11u oif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESifh qufpyfonf/ þqkaus;Zl;&&Sdolrsm;onf trsKd;rsKd;aom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tvkyfvkyfaeMuaMumif; ueOD;toif;awmfonf &Sif;vif;pGmjrifxm;onf/ a[majymjcif; ya&mzufjyKjcif;? {0Ha*vdvkyfjcif;ESifh oGefoifjcif;tm;vkH;wdkYonf {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumfjimjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? txl;jyKrIESifh enf;vrf;uJGjym;onf/

12;8 ]]wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfolrsm;onf ... wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfjcif;jyKvsuf}} þa0g[m&jzpfaom (parakaleo) onf oGefoifjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ (1wd 4;13)/ ¤if;rSm or®mw&m;tm; b0toufwmü usifhokH;wwfjcif;udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;jyif {zuf 4;15?16ü ]]or®mw&m;udk arwÅmjzifh ajymvsuf... udk,fcE¨monf rdrdudk,frdrdarwÅmjzifh wnfaqmufvsuf...}} wdkYESifhvnf; qufpyfonf/

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