a0iSjcif; (Koinonia) 12;13

]]qkawmif;jcif;ü qufuyfMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE tjzpfoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICLE wpfckjzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m pnf;urf;csufwpfESifh urÇmhordkif;ü bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfvkyfaqmifrIudk od&Sdapaom vufaqmifwpfckjzpfonf/,HkMunfolrsm;onf cspfawmfrlol aumif;uifbHk&Siftzudk wdkYxdrIjyKEdkifMuygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrduav;rsm;\ qkawmif;rIrsm;tajzay;&ef twGuf rdrdudk,frdrd uefYowfjcif;jyKonf/ (wrefawmf 1;14/ 2;42/ 6;4/ {zuf 6;18-19/ aum4;2)/ ¤if;onf qkawmif;jcif;tm; pdk;&GHUbG,f&mwm0ef 0wå&m; jzpfoGm;aponf/ Clinton Arnold a&;aom Three Crucial

Questions About Spritual Warfare, pp. 43-44, 187-188 üMunfhyg/

12;13 NASB, NRSV ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ulnDMuavmh}} NKJV ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ay;urf;Muavmh}} TEV ]]rdrd\ c&pf,meftaygif;tazmfrsm;tm; oifü &Sdaomt&mrsm; ay;a0yg}} NJB ]]csdKYwJhaom bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;ol rnfolrqdkay;a0yg}} *&dBud,m koinoneo onf ]]taygif;toif;jyKonf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ þa0g[m&onf aygvktwGuf t"dyÜg,fus,fjyefYonf/ ¤if;onf {0Ha&vdw&m;rSmenf;wl ypönf;OpömvdktyfrIü taygif;toif; jzpfjcif; ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udkqdkvdkonf/ (*v 6;6)/ ¤if;onf c&pfawmf\ 'ku©qif;&JESifh (zd3;8-10/ 1ay 4;13) aygvk\ 'ku©qif;&JwdkYtm; a0rQjcif;twGufyifoHk;onf/ (zd 4;14)/ c&pfawmfESifh aygif;zufjcif;[lonf olYvlrsm;ESifh tqifhwdkif;ü aygif;azmfjcif;rnfayonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm; -1;7ü Munfhyg/ ¤if;rSm IMPREATIVE oabmjzifhoHk;aom PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ (okwåH 3;27/ *v 6;10)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf a,½I\ emrawmftm;jzifh tjcm;olrsm;twGufydkí rsm;rsm;&Sdap&ef tvkyfBudK;pm;MuzdkY jzpfonf/ (2 aum8;11-12/ {zuf 4;28)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / KOINŌNIA

]]rdo[m&}} þa0g[m&(koinonia) \t"dyÜg,frSm 1/ vlyk*¾dKvfESifheD;uyfpGm oufqdkifonf/ (u) om;awmfESifh (1a,m 1;6? 1aum 1;9) (c) 0dnmOfawmfESifh (2aum 13;13? zdvdyÜd 2;1) (*) crnf;awmf? om;awmfESifh (1a,m 1;3) (C) y#dOmOfcH0iftjcm;nDtpfudk armifESrrsm;ESifh/ (1a,m 1;7? wref2;24? *vm2;9? zdav17) 2/ t&m0x¬Krsm; odkYr[kwf t&m0x¬Ktkyfpkrsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGmoufqdkifonf/ (u) {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ESifh (zdvdyÜd 1;5? zdvdrkef6) (c) c&pfawmf\ taoG;awmfESifh (1aum 10;16) (*) arSmifrdkufESifh roufqdkif (2aum 6;14) (C) 'ku©qif;&JESifh (zdvdyÜd 3;10? 4;14? 1ay 4;13) 3/ &ufa&mpGmjyKaom vufaqmifodkYr[kwf tultnD/ (a&mr 12;13? 15;26? 2aum 8;4? 9;13? zdvdyÜd 4;15? a[NAJ 13;16) 4/ vlom;ESifh bk&m;ocif? vlom;ESifh ol\nDtpfudk armifESrrsm; tMum; rdó[m, jyefvnf azmfaqmifaom c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfvufaqmif ¤if;onf vlom;\ a'giffvdkufqufqHa&; (vlom;ESifhzefqif;&Sif)tm;jzifh jzpfvmaom tvsm;vdkuf qufqHa&;udk (vlom;tcsif;tcsif;) udk ajymonf/ xdkYjyif c&pf,mef vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGuf vdktyfcsufESifh 0rf;ajrmufrItwGufudkvnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ Bud,mrsm;u vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; þtcsuftm;

372

pwifcHpm;jcif;ESifh qufvufawGYMuHKcHpm;oGm;jcif;udk txl;jyKonf/ (1;3) (ESpfcg) 6?7)/ c&pf,mefqdkonfrSm tpktaygif;ESifhjzpfonf/

]]{nfhonf0wfudkjyKvsuf}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmESifh oHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,ftwdtusrSm ]]{nfhonf0wfjyKjcif;udk rSDatmifvdkufvsuf}} [líjzpfonf/ (14;19? 1wd 3;2? wdwk1;8? a[NAJ 13;2? 1ay 4;9wdkY\ rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ ueOD;toif;awmfü þudpövGefpGm ta&;BuD;&jcif;rSm ]]wnf;cdkcef;rsm;}} qdk;&Gm;vSaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ t"du&nfnTef;csufrSm c&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;aom c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;tm; {nfhcHauR;arG;jcif; jzpfonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 12;14-21

14oifhudk n§Of;qJaomolrsm;udk aumif;BuD;ay;ygonf/ usdefqJjcif;rydkYbJ arwåmydkYyg/ 150rf;omaom olrsm;ESifh twl0rf;omí? idka<u;olrsm;ESifh idka<u;yg/ 16tcsif;csif;tay: pdwfoabmxm;nDnGwfapyg/ pdwfESvHk;0g<um;jcif;r&SdbJ ESdrfYcsaom olrsm;ESifhtaygif;toif;jyKyg/ ynm&Sdonf[k rdrdudk,frdrd rxifrSwfESifh/ 17rnfolYudkrQtqdk;udk tqdk;jzifh rnfonfhtcgrQrwHkYjyefESifh/ vltm;vHk;tjrifü rSefaomt&mudk pOf;pm;yg/ 18jzpfEdkifygu rdrdwwfEdkiforQ vltm;vHk;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmaeyg/ 19rdrdudk,frdrd vufwHkYjyefjcif;rnfonftcgürQ rjyKygESifh/ cspfolwdkY trsufawmftwGuf ae&may;Muavmh/ tMumif;t&mrlum; or®musrf;pmü a&;om;onfrSm vufwHkYjyefjcif;onf igESifhqdkif\/ igjyefvnfay;qyfrnf[líjzpf\/ 20odkYaomf oif\&efolqmavmifygu tpmauR;um? a&iwfygu aomufp&may;avmh/ taMumif;rlum; xdkodkYjyKjcif;onf ol\ acgif;ay:ü rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm; yHkxm;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k xm0&bk&m; rdefYawmfrl\/ 21qdk;oGrf;rI\ tEdkif,ljcif;udk rcHbJ tqdk;udk taumif;jzifhEdkifyg/

12;14 ]]oifhudk nSif;qJaom olrsm;udk aumif;BuD;ay;yg}} ¤if;onf þti,fü ESpfcgoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ]]txl;csD;usL;pum;}} eulogy [laompum;onf þa0g[m&rS qif;oufjcif; jzpfNyD; ¤if;rSwqifh ]] bless aumif;BuD;ay;onf^arwåmydkYonf}} jzpfvm\/ (róJ5;44? vkum 6;28/ 1aum 4;12? ,mukyf 3;9-12? 1ay 3;9)/ P46 (The Chester Beattry Papyri) ESifhvufa&; usrf; B (Vaticanus) wdkYü ]]oifwdkY}} pum;vHk;udk csefxm;um þazmfjycsufü tjcm;olrsm;yg0ifaponf/ odkYr[kwf ¤if;udk tjcm; enf;vrf;jzifh azmfjyNyD; ydkíNcHKiHkaom azmfjyrIwpfckjzpfaponf/ ]]n§if;qJ}} qdkaompum;vHk; twGuf 14;19\ rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/

 ]]rusdefqJbJ}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfcktm; &yfwefYaponf[laom t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/

NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf jyefvnfuvJhpm;acsay;&ef bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk ac:um qkawmif;jcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum12;3ü &Sdaom usdefqJjcif;rsm;ESifh qifwlonf/) ¤if;onf npfnrf;apjcif; oabmr[kwfacs/ ({zuf 4;29? 1ay 3;9)/

373

15;15 ]]0rf;ajrmufaom olrsm;ESifhtwl 0rfajrmufí idka<u;aomolrsm;ESifh twlidkauR;yg}} þ PRESENT INFINITIVES ESpfckudk IMPERATIVE oabmjzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf rdom;pkwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunf olrsm;rSm NydKifbufrsm;r[kwfbJ tcsif;csif; rdom;pk arwåmjzifh qufqHjyKrl&rnhfolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf ,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmaumif;rsm; odkYr[kwf tajctaersm;tm; owif;aumif; jyefYESHYap&ef tcGifhaumif; rsm;tjzpf r,HkMunfoltokdif;t0dkif; tay: ,HkMunfolrsm;\ wm0efudk &nfnTefjcif; jzpfEkdifaMumif; ti,f14 rS 21\ oabmt& awGYEdkifygonf/

12; 26 NASB, NKJV ]]wa,muftay: wpfa,mufpdwfoabmxm; nDnGwfygap}} NRSV ]]wa,mufESifhwpfa,muf nDnGwfpGm aeMuavmh/}} TEV ]]vlwdkif;tm; nDwlnDrQ *&kpdkufyg/}} NJB ]]vlwdkif;udk nDrQaom oem;Muifemrljzifh qufqHyg/}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh qkH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPEL jzpfonf/ (15;5? 2aum 13;11? zdvdyÜd 2;2)/ ti,f 16udk atmufyg y#dyu© rsm;ESifhqdkifí½Ijrifjcif;jzpfonf/ 1/ a&mrtoif;awmftxJ ,kHMunfol *sL;ESifh ,kHMunfol wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; (11;13-24) 2/ toufMuD;olrsm;ESifh pD;yGg;a&; tqifhtwef;wef;csif;tMum; 3/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;uJGjym;jcm;em;jcif;tay: 4/ rsKd;OD;qdkif&m xkH;wrf;tpOftvmESifh yk*¾dKvfa&;qkdif&m rsufESmudkudkufrIrsm;

]]pdwfESvkH;0g<um;jcif;r&SdbJ ESdrfhcsaom olrsm;ESifh taygif;toif;jyKyg/}} ¤if;rSm qufvufrsm; aecJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfcktm; &yfuefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&aom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ]]ESdrfhcsol}} [laom a0g[m&onf tzdk odkYr[kwf trvdif r[kwfaomMum;aevdifjzpfEdkifonf/ tzdktrr[kwfaom vdifjzpfygu bmomjyef&mwGif ]]ESdrfhcsaom wm0efrsm;udk vufcHyg}} [k qdk&rnfjzpfum tzdkvdifjzpfygu ]]qif;&Jaom odkYr[k ESdrfhcsaomolrsm;udk taygif;toif;jyKyg}} [kqdk&rnfjzpfonf/

]]ynm&Sdonf[k rdrdudk,frdrdrxifrSwfygeJY}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfckudk &yfwefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonfh NEGATIVE PARTICLE DEPONENT jzpfonf/ (okwÅH 3;7 a[&Sm 5;21? 1aum 10;12? *v 6;3)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tcsif;csif;tm; tay:pD;í qufqHjcif;jzpfap? r,kHMunfol todkif;t0dkif;tm; rmejzifh jzpfaprqufqH&acs/

12;17 ]]rnfoludkrQ tqdk;udk tqdk;jzifh rnfonfh tcgürQ rwkHUjyefESifh/}} ¤if;onf qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfckudk &yfwefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf IMPERATIVE abmjzifh qkH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ taMumif;csif;&mwdkYtm; wnfhrwfvmap&efrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;r[kwfbJ bk&m;ociftm; vkyfaqmifap&efjzpfonf/ (okwÅH 20;22? 24;29? róJ 5;38-48? vkum 6;27? 1ouf 5;15? 1ay 3;9)

]]vltm;vkH; tjrifü rSefaom t&mudk pOf;pm;yg/}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH; aom PRESENT MIDDLE PARTIVIPLE jzpfonf/ (2aum 8;21? 1ouf 5;22/ 1wd 3;7) ¤if;rSm *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; (LXX) \ okwÅH 3;4 tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;tm; {0Ha*vdvkyf&ef [laom tjrifjzifh touf&SifMuonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf r,kHMunfolwpfa,muftm; vJapEdkifaom? okdYr[kwf

374

pdrf;um;oGm;aprnfh t&mwpfckrQ tvkyf&acs/ (1aum 9;19-23) rdrdwdkY\ teuf½Idif;qkH; 0efwm&SdrIrsm;udkyif cspfjcif;arwÅmay:vGifapaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh azmfjy&efjzpfonf/

12;18 ]]jzpfEdkifygu rdrdwwfEdkiforQ vltm;vkH;ESifh jidrfoufpGm aeyg}} ¤if;rSm pma&;oltjrü rSefonf[k rSwf,laom t&m? odkYr[kwf ol\ pma&;[efjzpfaom yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf yg0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckvdkufvmum IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfol\ pdwfMudKufa&G;cs,fjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; jzpfEdkifaom t&mjzpfaMumif; o'´gtokH;tEIef;jzifh azmfjyonf/ (rmuk 9;50? 2aum 13;11? 1ouf 5;13)

12;19 ]]rdrdudk,f rdrdvufwkH;jyefjcif; rnfonfhtcgürQ rjyKESifh/}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfckudk &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ xdkudpöudk waeYaomtcg bk&m;ocif wnfhrwfapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (0wfjyK 19;18? w&m; 32;35? a[jAJ 10;30)

]]or®musrf;pmü a&;onfrSm}} ¤if;rSm ta&SUtv,fydkifpmay\ twJGvdkufvdkufokH;aom pum;vkH; (tD'D,H) tokH;tEIef; wpfrsKd;jzpfonfh PERFECT PASSIVE INDICTIVE jzpfum? 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;í a&;aom or®musrf;pmudk &nfnTef;onf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;qdkif&m þtokH;tEIef;onf ]]xm0&bk&m;&Sif rdefYawmfrlonfhtwdkif;}} ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ (1aum 14;21/ 2aum 6;17)/

12;20 ]]odkYaomf oif\ &efol}} ¤if;rSm tem*wfü jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonf[k t"dyÜg,ff&Sdaom wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ &efol [lonf vmOD;rnfomjzpfonf/

]]olYacgif;ay:rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm;ykHxm;onf}} ¤if;rSm okwÅH 25;21-22udk nTef;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ teufjyefykH oDtdk&Drsm;rSm 1/ ¤if;onf "avhxkH;pHESifhqdkifaom tokH;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfjyD; tD*spfrSvmjcif;jzpf[ef&Sdum? oem;Muifem wwfjcif;onf &efolwpfa,muftm; rdwfaqGwpfa,muftjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;ap&ef taumif;qkH;enf; jzpfonf/ AkH;cdkusif;wl;í tumtuG,f,lxm;aom 'kp&dkufay:üvnf; c&pf,mef\ wm0ef&Sdaeayao;onf/ (róJ 5;44) 2/ ]]rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm;}} [lonf vlwpfa,muf\ oifhawmfavsmufywfjcif;r&Sdaom tjyktrlrsm;onf tjcmol\ arwÅmESifh tjypfvTwfjcif; tvif;xJay:vmaomtcg cHpm;&aomt&Sif wuJGjzpf&jcif;udk udk,fpm;jyKazmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (Ambrosiaster, Augustine and Jerome) 3/ Origen ESifh Chrysostom wdkYajymonfrSm c&pf,mefwdkY\oem; MuifemrIonf aemifwr&olrsm; tay: bk&m;&Siftm; ydkrdkjyif;xefpGm w&m;pD&ifaponf/ (Jerome Bible Commentary, vol. 2, p. 326) txufyg oDtdk&Drsm;rSm xdkrQomjzpfonf/ t"du aomhcsufrSm ti,f 21&Sd aygvk\ tusOf;csKyf azmfjyrIjzpfonf/

12;21 ]]tqdk;jzifh t½I;rcHbJ? taumif;jzifh tEdkif,lyg}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE ESpfckjzpfonf/ raumif;aom jyKrlrItay: uRefawmfwdkY\ wkHUjyefrIonf rdrdwdkY\ twGif jirfoufjcif;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufjcif; tqifhudk tqkH;tjzwfay;um? ay:vGifapvdrfhrnf/ cg;oD; emMunf;jcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&muifqma&m*gjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf ¤if;udk bk&m;ocifxH qufuyf tyfESH&efjzpf\/

375

]]qdk;oGrf;}} ¤if;onf tzdkvdifjzpfygu qdk;oGrf;aom oludk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 16;20 ü Munfhyg)/ odkYr[kwf tzdkvdiftrvdifr[kwfaom Mum;aevdrfjzpfygu a,bk,sqdk;oGrf;rItm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (12;9/ 1ouf 5;21;22)/ ¤if;rSm "r®opf usrf;ü awGUaeus t"dyÜg,froJuJGrIjzpf onf/ (róJ 5;37/ 6;13/ 13;19?28/ a,m 17;15/ 2ouf 3;3 / 1a,m 2;13-14/ 3;12/ 5;18-19)/ þtopfaom pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;rSm {0Ha*vdw&m;jzpfaMumif; owd&&efjzpfonf/

ti,f 9-21twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;/

þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/

1/ tb,faMumifh ti,f 6;21 twGuf PRESENT IMPERATIVES ac:apcdkif;rIrsm;ESifhtwl NEGATIVE PARTICLE ac: ]]r[kwf}} jcif;jyaom pum;vkH;rsm; þrQrsm;jym;&oenf;/ 2/ þti,frsm;twGif; cdkif;apcsufrsm;tm;vkH; oD;jcm;pmydk'f wpfckjzifh pm&if;jyKpkyg/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmfESifh aeYpOfwljcif; wnf;[laom xdwfvefYbG,f&m aumif;onfh vufawGUusvSaom p&if;wpfckyg/ 3/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tjcm; ,kHMunfolrsm; tay:jyKrlrIudk rnfonfh csufu&nfnTef;jyD;? r,HkMunfolrsm; ay:jyKrlrItm; rnfonfh tcsufu &nfnTef;aMumif; qkH;jzwf&ef tb,faMumifh tvGefcufcJ&oenf;¿

376

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;

UBS4 NKJV NRSV TEV

NJB

tkyfcsKyfa&; tpdk;&tm;emcHjcif; c&pf,mefESifhEdkifiHawmf EdkifiHawmftmPm t&yfbuftmPm tm;emcHjcif; ydkifrsm;ay:wm0ef ydkifrsm;tm;emcHjcif; 13;1-7 13;1-7 13;1-7 13;1-5 13;1-7 13;6-7 nDtpfudk tdrfeD;csif;udkcspfyg arwÅmonf ynwf tcsif;csif;ay: arwÅmESifhppfyJG arwÅm w&m;jynfhpkHap wm0ef0wÅ&m;

13;8-10 13;8-10 13;8-10 13;8-10 13;8-10

c&pfawmf c&pfawmfudk0wfqif c&pfawmf'kwd,<u tvif;\ uav;rsm; aeYeD;uyf vmjcif;eD;uyf

13;11-14 13;11-14 13;11-14 13;11-14 13;11-14 13-14

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þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmudk rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/ tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm; wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/ t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/ 1/ yxrpmydk'f 2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f 3/ wwd,pmydk'f 4/ ... pojzifh

ti,f 1-7 tm;usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ tcef;MuD;12onf rlvtm;jzifh c&pf,mefESifh ,kHMunfolrsm; (i,f 9;13)? vlrItokdif;t0dkif;&Sd tjcm;olrsm; (i,f 14-21) ESifh qufqHa&;taMumif;jzpfjyD;? tcef;MuD; 13;1-7ü rl t"dutm;jzifh c&pf,mefESifh EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&qufqHa&;taMumif; yg&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þtaMumif;t&mrsm; wpfckESifh

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wpfckydkif;jcm;jcif; oabmum; rawGU&acs/ aygvkonf ¤if;wdkYudk wpfckwnf;tjzpf ½Ijrifonf/ avmuD ta&;? avmukwÅ&m ta&;[lí ydkif;jcm;rI r&Sdacs/ touf[lorQ tm;vkH; bk&m;ocifydkifqdkifonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf u@wdkif;ü b@mpdk;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ þtcef;MuD;ESpfcef;wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk 12;18ü awGU&onf/

c/ EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&\ ae&mESifh qdkifí ,kHMunfolrsm; em;vnfykHrSm trsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü tpdk;&onf um£e\ tquftEG,ftwGif; pwifjzpfay:wdk;wufvmonf/ (urÇm 14;16-22)/ AmAkvkef arQmfpifMuD; (urÇm 11) rSm vlom;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS cJGxGufum? rdrd[mrdrdtkyfcsKyf&ef MudK;yrf;rIwpf&yf jzpfonf/ tpöa&;twGif; &Sifbk&ifpepf\ t"dyÜg,frSm bk&m;ay;aom Oya'ESifh cefYtyfxm;aom odk;xdef; (&Sifbk&if) tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ pkd;pHrIjzpfaomfvnf; vlom;\ tjypfaMumifh ¤if;rSm ratmifjrifcJhacs/ tpdk;&\ rSefuefaom ae&mtaMumif; róJ 22;21ESifh rmuk 12;17 wdkYü aqG;aEG;rIwdkYrSm tcsuftcsmjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü (ti,f1-7 ESifh 11onf róJ 22;15-22 ESifh 39 wdkYESifh qifwlaomfvnf;) a,½Iajymaom pum;rsm;udk aygvkrazmfjyjcif;rSm tHhtm;oifhp&maumif;ygonf/ usqif;aom urÇmtm; tkyfcsKyf&ef bk&m;ocifay;aom aumif;rGefonfh rlrsm;&Sdygonf/ wrefawmfMuD;rsm;onf rMumcPyif tpdk;&ESifh bmoma&; tmPmydkifrsm; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ESifh rnfuJhodkY qufqH&rnfudk MudK;pm; &kef;uefcJhMu&onf/ vlom;tmPmydkifrsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; tay: trSDjyKum tjyKoabm wm0efESifh tzsufoabmwm0ef ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ aygvkonf tpdk;&\ tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESifh nTef;qJjcif; ESpfrsKd;vkH; cHcJhonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap Asm'dwfusrf;ürl a,m[efonf tpdk;&tm; MuD;rm;aom jynfhwefqmr (Asm 17) [kac:onf/ tpdk;&onf 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifaom rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwftm; azgufzsufusL;vGef;jcif;r&Sd oa&GU odkYr[kwf t<uif;rJh opöawmfcHjcif; rawmif;oa&GU uRefawmfwdkYonf tpdk;&udk axmufcHtm;ay;&ef jzpfonf/ upOfhuvsm; jzpfjcif;xuf trdefYtmPmrSm ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf/ (2ouf 2;6-7)

*/ þtaMumif;t&mudkyif wdwk3;1 ESifh 1ay 2;13-17 wdkYü aqG;aEG;onf/

C/ *sL;bmomonf yxr&mpkESpftwGif; a&mrtpdk;& atmufü w&m;0if bmoma&; wpfckjzpfonf/ c&pf,mefudk ¤if;\ *dkPf;wpf*dkPf;tjzpf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rSwf,lMuonf/ (wref 18;12-16)/ ¤if;onf tapmydkif; ESpfrsm;twGif; óoemjyK vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk w&m;Oya't& tumtuG,f&aponf/ wrefawmf 0wÅKtm; a&;om;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm c&pf,mefonf a&mrtwGuf EdkifiHa&; jcdrf;acsmufrIwpfrsKd; r[kwfaMumif;jyo&efvnf;jzpfonf/ a&mronf owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;ysHUESHU&ef EkdifiHwumwnfjidrf at;csrf;a&; (pax Romana) wpf&yftm; jyifqifay;xm;onf/ (1wd 2;1-2)

i/ tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh qdkifí aygvkawGU&aom udk,fwdkiftawGUtMuHKrsm;onf þusrf;ydk'udk wif;rmaponf/ þu@yg0if&jcif;\ jzpfEkdifp&mtaMumif;&if;rSm 1/ tpdk;&\ trdefYawmf (*sL;bmom a&;tcef;tem;rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfjcif;) aMumifh a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; wif;rmrI/ þudpöaMumifh ,kHMunfol *sL;vlrsKd;tcsKdU xdkjrdKUawmfudk pGefUcGgoGm;Muonf/ (Oyrm tmukvESifh jypfudv-wrefawmf 18;2) olwdkYr&Sdonfhtcg ,kHMunfol wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\ acgif;aqmifrI jzpfay:vmonf/ 2/ a&mrjrdKUü trsm;tjym; aexdkifol *sL;rsm;twGif; owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[majymrIaMumifh a&mrjrdKUtwGif; jzpfvmaom wif;rmrI/ ordkif;okawoD Suetonious \ pmtkyf Life of Claudia 25. 2 ü rSwfwrf;wifonfrSm tifyg,m &Sifonf at?'D 49 ckESpfü *sL;rsm;udk jrdKUawmfrS jynfESif'Pfay;jcif;rSm

378

"Chrestus" aMumifh vlxkqlylrIrsm; jyefvnfay:aygufvmaomaMumifh jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ xdkemrnfrSm vufwifbmomjzifh c&pfawmf Christ (Christos) tm; pmvkH;aygif; jcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 13;1-7

1vlwdkif;onf tkyfcsKyfol tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&efjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS r[kwfaom tcGifhtmPm[lí r&SdbJ? tmPm&Sdolrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif twnfjyKaom olrsm; jzpfonf/ 2xdkYaMumifh tmPmvGefqefolrnfolrqdk bk&m;ocif\ trdefYawmfudk qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf/ qefYusif olonf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ 3taMumif;rSm tkyfcsKyfolrsm;rSm aumif;pGm jyKrIolrsm;twGuf aMumufp&m r[kwfbJ? bdk;oGrf;olrsm;twGufomvQif aMumufp&mjzpfonf/ tmPmydkifrsm;udk raMumuf&bJ aevdkygoavmh¿ aumif;aom t&mvkyfygu olwdkY\ csD;rGrf;jcif; cH&vdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm olonf oif\ aumif;usKd;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf oifonf qdk;oGrf;rIjyKygu? aMumufyg/ 4taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk taMumif;rJhraqmifacs/ taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf; jzpfum qdk;oGrf;oltm; trsufawmfoifhap&ef wkYHjyef&oljzpfonf/ 5xdkYaMumifh trsufawmf aMumufjcif;aMumifh omvQif r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwfudk axmufí emcH&efvdktyfonf/ 6þtaMumif;aMumifh oifwdkYonf tcGefrsm;udk aqmifMuavmh/ taMumif;rSm tkyfcsKyf olrsm;onf xdkt&mtwGuf olwdkYudk,f olwdkY qufuyfaom bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrsm;jzpfMuonf/ 7olwdkY&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ tcGefay;oifh oludk ay;avmh/ taumufay;oifhudk ay;avmh/ aMumufoifh oludk aMumufavmh/ *kPfjyKxkduf oludk *kPfjyKavmh/

13;1 ]]vlwdkif;... emcH&ef jzpfonf/}} ¤if;rSm (1) PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD; t"dyÜg,frSm ]]qufvufemcH&ef jyKjcif;cHol jzpfMuavmh}} [lí vnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf (2) PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE jzpfum? ]]rdrdoabmtavQmuf emcHjcif;jyKonf}} [lí jzpf\/ (wuk 3;1/ 1ay 2;13) ]]emcH}} submit qdkonfrSm uGif;qufwpf&yftm; azmfjy&ef okH;aom ppfbufokH; a0g[m&jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ,kHMuonfolwdkif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;emcHMu&rnf[k aygvk tcdkiftrm ajymonf/ ({zuf 5;21) uREkfyfwdkY acwfürl emcHjcif;rSm tysufoabmaqmifaom a0g[m&ESifh wlonf/ ¤if;onf ESdrfhcsjcif; oabmESifh bk&m;ocif\ avmuESifh ¤if;twGif; rdrdwdkY\ ae&mudk av;eufpGm em;vnf oabmaygufjcif; ESpfckpvkH;azmfjyonf/ a,½Ionf (1) rdrd\ avmuDrdbrsm;udk emcHonf/ (vkum 2;51)/ (2) rdrd\ aumif;uifcrnf;awmfudk emcHonf (1aum 15;28)/ olonf þu@ü uRefawmfwdkY\ vrf;jyjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / emcHjcif; 10;3ü Munfhyg/

]]tkyfcsKyfoltmPmydkifrsm;tm;}} aygvkonf þpum;vkH; (exousia) udk tjcm;ae&mrsm;ü aumif;uifqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm;? rlvtm;jzifh ewfqdk;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;&ef okH;aomfvnf; (8;38/ aum 1;16/ 2;10? 15/ {zuf 1;21/ 3;10/ 6;12) þae&mü rlusrf;pum; tquftpyft& ]]EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;jzpf&ayrnf/ (1aum 2;6?8/ wduk 3;1/ 1ay 2;13)/ vlom; tpdk;&rsm;\ aemufuG,fü aumif;uifqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm; &Sdonf[k or®musrf;pmonf qdkvdk[ef&SdonfESifh wlygonf/ ('Ha,v 10 ESifh LXX \ w&m;a[m 32;8/ ]]tjrifhqkH;aom wefcdk;&Sifonf vlrsKd;rsm;udk ydkif;cGJum tm'H\ om;rsm;udk oD;jcm;cJGxkwfcJhpOfü? olonf vlrsKd;rsm;\ tydkif;tjcm;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocif\ aumif;uif wref ta&twGufudk vdkufí csrSwfawmfrlonf/ Oscar

Cullman \ Christ and Time pmtkyfESifh Hendribukus Berkhof \ Christ and the Powers pmtkyfrsm;ü Munfhyg/ odkYaomf tkyfcsKyfol tmPmydkifrsm;rSm bk&m;ocifatmufü aqmif&GufaeMujcif;omjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1?4?6)/ atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/

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