tm;enf;jcif;? 14;1

 NASB, NKJV ]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;enf;ol}} NRSV, TEV ]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;enf;aom olrsm;}} NJB ]]vlwpfa,muf\ ,kHMunfjcif;aumif;pGm rcdkifchH}} þpum;pkonf rsufESmcsifqdkifaom oabmxm;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ t"dyÜg,f&if;rSm ]],kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;onf}} [líjzpfonf/ ypöKyÜefumvjy jzpfaejcif;onf touf&Sifjcif; ykHpHjzpfaMumif;jyonf/ ¤if;onf w&m;Oya'enf;uspdwfaeoabmxm;udkvnf; &nfnTef;onf/ pdwfroefYrIvGefuJaom ,kHMunfol c&pf,mefudk þtcef;MuD;xJü azmfjyyHkokH;rsKd;&Sdonf/ 1/ tpm;taomufwm;jrpfjcif; (14;2? 6?21) 2/ txl;aeY&ufrsm; tav;teufxm;jcif; (14;5-6) 3/ pyspf&nfwm;jrpfjcif; (14;17? 21) þykHpHrsKd; vludk a&m 15;1 ESifh 1aum 8;9-13/ 9;22 wdkYü azmfjyonf/ rdrdudk,frdrdtm;&Sdaom? tm;enf;aomc&pf,mef [lí tvG,fwulrowfrSwfvdkufygESifh/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf u@wpfckü tm; aumif; um? tjcm;u@wpfckütm;enf;Muonf csnf;jzpf\/ þudpötay: aygvk\ pdwfaeoabmxm;rSm *vm 4;9-10 ESifh aum 2;16-23wdkYESifh tvGef fuJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;onf rrSefaom q&morm;rsm;\ pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh oGefoifrIrsm;udk xif[yfaponf/ a&mrMo0g'pmapmifürlvdyfjympdwfroefYrlvGefuJol ,kHMunfol tppftrSefrsm;jzpfonf/ teufzGifhusrf;a&;om;oltrsm;tjym;wdkYonf ]],kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;olqdk&mü ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm; (*sL;bmom0ifrsm;) ESifh arma&S\ ynwfw&m;tm; emcH&ef qufvufí tav;teufjyKjcif;ESifh xdkodkYjyK&mü arma&S\ ynwÅdusrf;tm; *sL;&dAÁq&mMuD;rsm;\ em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;udk tajccHMujcif;jzpfonf/ (Talmud) ¤if;onf txufygeHygwf 1? 2wdkYESifh aocsmudkufnDaomfvnf; eHygwf 3ESifh rlrudkufnDacs/ xdkUaMumifh þusrf;ydk'fonf vlyk*¾KvfwOD;csif;ESifhydkí udkufnDonf[k uREkfyf,lqonf/ ¤if;onf *sL;jzpfap? wyg;trsKd;om;jzpfap rdrdwdkY\ twdwfumvxkH;wrf;pOfvmrsm;\ vTrf;rdk;jcif;rsm;pGm cHaeolrsm;tm; &nfnTef; jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /tm;enf;jcif;

þae&mü uJGjym;jcm;em;rI&Sdonf/ rrSefaom q&morm;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ t&nftcsif;ESifh w&m;a[mjcif;twwfynmü 0g<um;Muaomfvnf;? aygvku rl ]]tm;enf;jcif;}} (ashtheneo) \ wefbkd; aumif;pGmod&Sdxm;onf/ þpum;vkH;rsm; (odkYr[kwf¤if;wdkY\ tjcm;ykHpHrsm;) yxrESifh'kwd, aum&dEÅKMo0g'pm wdkYü rnfodkYokH;avh&SdaMumif; rSwfom;yg/ 0g<um;onf tm;enf;onf

1aum&dEÅK 1;29?31 1aum&dEÅK 1;25?27 3;21 2;3 4;7 4;10 5;6 8;7?9?10?11?12 9;15?16 9;22 2aum&dEÅK 1;12?14 11;30 5;12 (ESpfcg) 12;22 7;4?14 (ESpfcg) 15;43 8;24 2aum&dEÅK 10;10 9;2?3 11;21?29?30

406

10;8?13?15?16?17 12;5?9?10 (ESpfcg) 11;12?16?17?18?30 13;3?4 (2cg) 9 12;1?5?6?9 aygvkonf tm;enf;jcif;qdkaom oabmudk trsKd;rsKd;okH;onf 1/ bk&m;ocif\ tm;enf;rI/ 1aum;1;25 2/ þavmuü tm;enf;jcif;/ 1aum 1;27 3/ aygvk\ tm;enf;rIESifh pdk;&drfaMumuf&GHUrI/ 1aum 2;3/ 9;22/ 2aum 11;29?30/ 12;5/ 4/ aygvkESifh omoemjyKtzGJU/ 1aum 4;10/ 2aum 11;21 5/ tm;enf;aom nDtpfudk/ (a&mr 14;1-15;13) 1aum 8;7?9?10?11?12/9;22/ 6/ udk,fcE¨mtm;enf;rI/ 1aum 11;30 7/ vludk,fcE¨mtpdwftydkif;rsm;/ 1aum 12;22 8/ &kyfudk,fcE¨m/ 1aum 15;43 9/ aygvk vludk,fwdkif &Sdjcif; (0g) olw&m;a[muRrf;usifrI/ 2aum 10;10 10/ aygvk\ tm;enf;rIonf bk&m;ocif\ cGeftm;udkjyD;oGm;aponf/ 2aum 12;9?10/ 13;4?9 11/ aygvkrSwqifh c&pfawmftaMumif;a[mMum;jcif;/ 1aum 13;3 12/ c&pfawmf\ &kyfcE¨m/ 2aum 13;4

 NASB ]]odkYaomf ol\ t,ltqrsm;udk pD&ifcsufcs&efr&nf&G,f&yg}} NKJV ]]odkYaomf'd[jzpfp&mtaMumif;rsm;ukdolESifhrjiif;ckH&yg}} NRSV ]]odkYaomf t,ltqay:tjiif;yGg;&ef r&nf&G,f&yg/}} TEV ]]odkYaomf olwdkYt,ltqrsm;tm; olwdkYESifh tjiif;tckHrvky&fyg}} NJB ]]jiif;ckHjcif;rpwifbJ}} ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYESifh oabmxm;rwdkufqdkifolrsm;tm;? olwdkYajymif;vJ ap&eftm;rxkwfbJ? olwdkYudk tjynfht0vufcH&ygrnfμ ¤if;rSm rdrdwdkYESifh wlnDvm&eftm;xkwfjcif; rjyKbJ rdwfo[m,jzpfap&ef tajccHjzpfonf/ pdwfvGwfvyfrIjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; þvkyfief;pOfü yg0ifaeonf/ 0dnmOfawmftm; tvkyfvkyfcGifhESifh wpfOD;csif;tm; &ifhusufvmap&ef ykHoGif;cGifhjyKxm;Mu&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? &ifhusufjcif;? qkd&müyif tm;vkH;tjrifcsif;wlMurnfum;r[kwfacs/

14;2 þtcef;i,fü azmfjyaom tpmrSm usef;rma&;twGuf r[kwfbJ? bmoma&;udpöjzpfonf/ tpmESifh fhqdkifaom þjyóemrSm taMumif;&if;ESpfckaMumifh jzpfay:Edkifonf/ (1) *sL;rsm;\ tpmqdkif&mynwfcsufrsm; (0wfjyK&musrf; 11) odkYr[kwf (2) óoemyvlrsm;\ ½kyfwkqif;wkylaZmf&m,Zfaumif\ tom; (1aum &dEÅK 8-10)/ a,½Ionf vludk npfnrf;aponfrSm tpmr[kwfaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonf/ (róJ 15;10-20/ rmuk 7;14-23)/ þ opömw&mudk aumaevdESifh qdkifaom ½lyg½kHü wrefawmf 10wGif o½kyfjy &Sif;vif;onf/

14;3 ]]pm;aomolonf ... txifao;&efr[kwf}} ]]txifao;&efr[kwf}} ezoutheneo \ onf PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE tm; NEGATIVE PARTICLE ESifh wJGxm;jcif;jzpfum? qufvufcJhjyDaom tjyKtrIwpfcktm; &yfwHhapjcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/ ]]txifao;onf}} qdk&mü ]]ayghyg;aponf}} ]]uvum;jzpfaponf/}} odkYr[kwf ]]wefbkd;rJh jzpfoGm; aponf}} [lí jzpf\/ (14;10/ vkum 18;9/ 1aum 6;4/ 16;11/ 2aum 10;10/ *v 4;14/ 1ouf 5;20)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdudk,frdrdESdrfhcsjcif;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfapjcif;rjyK&efkowdjyK&rnf/ ,kHMunfjcif; tm; aumif;olonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;enf; oludk ½Iwfcsjcif;rjyK&acs/

407

]]w&m;pD&if}} ¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfí qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrIwpfck &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;olonf? rdrdwdkYESifh oabmxm; rwdkufqdkifolnDtpfudkrsm;\ tjyKtrIrsm;tm; pD&ifcsufcsjcif;udk &yfwhH&rnfjzpfonf/

]]taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf olYudk vufcHcJhjyD/}} ¤if;rSm AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ þpum;vkH;udkyif ]]vufcH]] [k bmomjyefonf/ ti,f 1ü ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;vufoifhcHjcif;jyKMu&ef tajccHrSm bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmfrS wqifh (15;7) igwdkYudk vufcHcJhjyD[líjzpf\/ ti,f 3 onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm; enf;ol? pdwfroefYrIvGefuJaom c&pf,mefudk wdkuf½kdufajymjcif;jzpfonf/

14;4 ]]oifonf rnfolenf;}} ¤if;rSm *&dvdk tav;teufjyKaom tokH;tEIef;jzpfum? tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfoludk &nfnTef;onf/

]]tapcH}} ¤if;rSm ]]aetdrf}} pk t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom oikos pum;vkH;rSvmaom oiketes jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh tdrfapodkYr[kwf aus;uRef [lí jzpfvdrfhrnf/ (vkum 16;13/ wref 10;7/ a&mr 14;4/ 1ay 2;18)/ xdkpum;vkH;udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint ü xdkoabmjzifh okH;onf/ (urÇm 9;25/27;37/ 44;16?33/ 50;18)/ "r®opfusrf;wGif þa0g[m&rSm ydkíomaom aus;uRefodkYr[kwf tapcHjzpfonf/ doulous ESifh rwlacs/ tdrfap (0g) tdrfuRefjzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkajymvdkonfrSm ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf c&pfawmf\ uRef^tapcHjzpfonf [lí jzpf\/ olonf ¤if;wdkY\ ]]ocif}} jzpfum? oluomvQif olwdkYudk nTefMum;um? olwdkY tjyKtrIESifh&nf&G,f &if;wdkYtwGuf olwdkYudk wm0efcHapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;10)

]]ol&yfwnfonfjzpfap? vJonfjzpfap olYociftwGufjzpfonf/}} usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmt& aygvkonf pdwfroefYrlvGefuJolwdkYudk ajymjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;azmfjyaomtaMumif;t&monf tkyfpkESpfck kpvkH;tm;&nfnGef;aMumif; xif&Sm;onf ,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif\ rsufvkH;rsm;xJ&Sd trIduftptersm;udk xkwfypf&ef ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf/ (róJ 7;1-15)

]]ocifbk&m;onf olYudk &yfwnfapEdkifojzifh? olonf &yfwnfvdrfhrnf/}} ¤if;rSm tHhMobG,f fuwfawmfwpf&yfjzpfonf/ (5;1-2/ ,k' 24-25/ ¤if;ü ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIvnf; yg0ifonf/ (1aum 15;1-2)?txl;taMumif;t&m 5;2ü Munfhyg/ þtcsufü rIuJG*&dvufa&;usrf;wpfck&Sdonf/ NKJVonf pmvkH;MuD;vufa&;usrf; D,F,G,048 ESifh 0150 wdkY enf;wl Vulgate udk vkdufum ]]bk&m;ocif}} (Theo) [lí okH;onf/ okdYaomf MSS P46 N, A, V,C, P wdkYü ]]ocifbk&m;}} Lord (Kurious) [lí okH;onf/ UBS4 onf "Lord" udk aocsm (A) tqifh owfrSwfonf/

408

pum;vkH; pum;pkavhvmjcif; NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ 14;5-9

5vlwpfa,mufonfaeYwpfaeYudk tjcm;aeYwpfaeYxufydkí*½kpdkufonf/ tjcm;wpfa,mufu rltwlwlyif oabmxm;onf/ vlwdkif; rdrdpdwfxJaumif;pGm oabmayguf&ygrnf/ 6aeYudk apmifhxdef;olonf ocifbk&m;udk axmufí apmifhxdef;onf/ pm;aom olonf ocifbk&m;udk axmufí xdkodkY jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifonf/ rpm;aom olonf ocifbk&m;tm; axmufí rpm;bJ aeum? bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifonf/ 7taMumif;rSm igwdkY wpfa,mufrQ ud,ftwGuf toufr&Sif? udk,fhtwGuf raoMuacs/ 8taMumif;rSm igwdkYonf touf&Sifygu ocifbk&m;twGuf touf&Sifonf/ odkYr[kwf? aoyguvnf; ocifbk&m;twGufaoonf/ okdYjzpfí igwdkYonf &Sifaeonfjzpfap? aoqkH;onfjzpfap? ocifbk&m;twGufjzpfonf/ 9taMumif;rlum; c&pfawmfonf aovGefaomolrsm;ESifh touf&Sifolrsm; ESpfrsKd;vkH;\ ocifjzpfap&ef taocHum? jyefvnftouf&Sifonf/

14;5 ]]vlwa,mufonf aeYwaeYudk tjcm;aeYwaeYxuf *½kpdkufonf}} vltcsKdUonf bmoma&;ü aeY&ufudk tvGeftpGJMuD;aeMuqJjzpfonf/ (aeY&uftcsKdUESifh ESpfywfvnfyJGawmfrsm; *v 4;10/ aum 2;16-17)/ aeY&uftm;vkH; bk&m;ocifnDwlnDrQydkifonf/ txl;aeY&ufr&Sdacs/ avmuDqdkif&maeY? avmukwÅ&mqdkif&maeY [lí r&Sdacs/ tm;vkH;oefY&Sif;aomaeY&ufrsm;jzpfonf/

]]vlwdkif;rdrdpdwfxJaumif;pGm oabmayguf&ygrnf}} PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm þu@ü jirfoufrI&&Sd&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf jyKrljcif;rjyKrDudk,fwkdif oabmayguf&ef jzpfonf/ (i,f 23)? odkYaomf tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH; rdrdudkoabmayguf&ef rvdkacs/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf\ "r®oabmw&m;ykHpHcGufcJ aexdkifonfr[kwfacs/ uREkfyf\ "r®oabmw&m;onf bk&m;ocif\ "r®oabmw&m;jzpfap&efrvdktyfacs/

14;6 ]]ocifbk&m;udk axmufí}} þydkifqdkifrIjyyk'fudk ti,f 6 ü okH;cg? ti,f 8ü ESpfcg okH;onf/ jzLpifaom ,kHMunfolrsm;jyKonfhtouf&Sifjcif;ykHpH a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf ]]ocifbk&m;udk axmufí}} jyKjcif;jzpf&ayrnf/ ({zuf 6;7 ESifh aum 3;23 )/ rdrdpdwfMudKuf *dkPf;*e? rdom;pktpOftvm odkYr[kwfxifjrifcsufrQomvQif rjzpf&yg/

14;7 ]] taMumif;rSm igwdkYwpfa,mufrS udk,ftwGuf toufr&Sif}} c&pf,mefrsm;onf a&ywfvnf0dkif;aom uRef;wpfuRef;r[kwfacs/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf yxrqkH;ESifh eHygwfwpftjzpf c&pfawmftwGuf touf&SifMuonf/ (i,f8) ,kHMunfolrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk tusKd;oufa&mufonf/ olwkdYrSm MuD;rm;aom 0dnmOfrdom;pkMuD;wpfck\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDjzpfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkifvGwfvyfcGifhudk cspfjcif;arwÅmjzifh uefYowfxm;&ygrnf/ (1aum 10;24? 27-33)/ tjcm;olrsm; rdrdwdkY udk,fydkifvGwfvyfrIxJMuD;xGm;&ef cGifhjyKxm;&ygrnf/ Oya'o0g'onf bk&m;ocifESifh rqdkifaom rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfaponfh wajy;nDjzpfa&;udk OD;wnfonf/ a,½I\ tjyif;xefqkH; pum;ESifh? jypfwifpum;rsm;rSm Oya'oudk tpJGjyKí olwdkYudk,f olwdkY ajzmifhrwf oltjypf,lqolzg&d&SJrsm;ay:jzpfonf/

14;8 ]]ygu ...ygu}} ¤if;wdkYrSm tem*wfüjyKEdkifacs&Sdonf[k t"dyÜg,f&aom wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf t&mcyfodrf;tm;jzifh jzpfEdkifonfhtcgwdkif; ocifbk&m;udk tapcHMuonf/ ({zuf 6;7/ aum 3;23)

409

14;9 ]]aovGefolESifh touf&Sifol? ESpfrsKd;vkH;twGuf}} ¤if;rSm þa0ga[m&rsm;udk rokH;pzl;pDpOfykHrsKd;jzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkpDpOfokH;EIef;ykHonf a,½I\ taocHjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxajrmufjcif;udk xif[yfapjcif; jzpfonf/ olonf ,cktcg xdkavmuESpfckpvkH;ü tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkifjzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;onf c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumifh olwdkYtwGuf r[kwfbJ? tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm; twGufvnf; touf&SifMu&rnftaMumif; "r®oabmw&m;jzpfay:aponf/ olwdkYonf rdrdudk,frdrdrydkifqdkif? olwdkYonf wefbkd;wpfckay;í 0,f,ljcif;cHcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf tjypfudk uRefrcHawmhbJ? bk&m;ocifudk tapcHMuap&ef? olwdkYtjypfrsm;twGuf taocHol a,½I\ \ tapcHrsm;jzpfvmcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ (a&mr 6)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf twÅudk tajcjyKaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwftvdkrsm;udk aoqkH;apum? arwÅmjzifh tapcHaom a,½I\ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwdkifvkdufemtwk,lMu&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20/ 1a,m 3;16)

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 14;10-12

10odkYaomfoifonf tb,faMumifh rdrdnDtpfudktm; w&m;pD&ifoenf;¿ odkYr[kwf oifonf rdrdnDtpfudktm; txifao;oenf;¿ taMumif;rIum; igwdkYtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;yv’ifawmfa&SUü &yf&MuOD;rnf/ 11taMumif;rIum or®musrf;pm;ü a&;onfrSm ]]igtouf&Sifonf jzpfü 'l;tm;vkH; ightm;'l;axmufMuum? vQmtm;vkH; bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;Muvdrfhrnf[k xm0&t&Sif bk&m;ocif rdefYawmfrl\/ 12odkYjzpfí igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifudk tpD&ifcHMu&vdrfhrnf/

14;10 ]]odkYaomf oifonf}} ¤if;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;twGuf ed'gef;pum;jzpfonf/

ti,f 10&Sd ar;cGef;ESpfckwdkYonf ti,f 1-12udk pl;pdkuf jcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f3ü &nfnTGef;aom xkdtkyfpkESpfckwdkYudk aemufwpfcg EIdif;,SOfjyonf/ tkyfpkwpfckonf tjcm;tkyfpkwpfckudk ]]txifao;}} um ]]w&m;pD&if}} onf/ ]]uRef}} tcsif;csif;twGuf xdkpdwfaeoabmxm;ESpfrsKd;pvkH;roifhavQmfacsμ olwdkY\ ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfuomvQif ]]a0zef}} ydkifcGifh (0g)? ]]txifao;}} ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf w&m;olMuD;uJhodkY jyKrljcif;rSm (1) bk&m;ocif\ ae&mudk wk,ljcif;jzpfonfjyif (2) tcsdeftcg rusao;aom t&mvnf;jzpfonf/

]]igwdkYtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;yv’ifawmfa&SUü &yf&MuOD;rnf}} tvm;wlor®mw&m;udk 2aum 5;10ü azmfjyonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;rnfokdY jyKrIMuaMumif; ocifbk&m;tm; &Sif;vif;csufay;Mu&vdrfhrnf/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;olMuD;tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ (róJ 25;3146)/ t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf; NKJV onf ]]c&pfawmf\w&m;yv’if}} [k bmomjyefonf/ KJV udk axmufcHaom ueOD;a&S;a[mif;*&dpmvkH;BuD;vufa&;usrf;rsm;jyifqifaom usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ Aleph2 ESifh C2 wdkYjzpfonf/ Theos bk&m;ocif) pum;vkH;onf MSS Aleph, B, C,D, F ESifh G wdkYü yg&Sdonf/ usrf;pma&;ul;olrsm;onf 2aum 5;10ESifh tnDjzpfap&ef *&drl&if;pmudk ajymif;vdkufMujcif;jzpf aumif;jzpfayrnf/ xdkYjyif ]]om;jzpfapjcif;}} adoptionism ac:0g'jzpfonfh ueOD;umvü&SdcJhaom c&pfawmftaMumiftjrifudk qefYusif&ef usrf;pma&;ul;olrsm;onf þti,ftm;jyifqifcJhMujcif; vnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ rl&if;usrf;tm;&Sd&if;pGJ ,kHMunfrIESifh tnDjzpfap&efvkyfjcif;ESifhwlaom rluJGvufa&;usrf; tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Oxford University ykHESdyfwdkufrS 1993 wGif xkwfa0aom Bart D. Ehrman \ The

410

Orthodox Corruption of Scripture) pmrsufESm 90-91ü Munfhyg/ UBS4 onf Theos udk "B" tqifh (aocsmoavmuf) owfrSwfonf/

14;11 ]]taMumif;rlum; or®musrf;pmü a&;onfrSm}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATILVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom "r®a[mif;usrf;udk udk;um;&mü okH;aom a[jAJ txl;tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a[&Sm 45;23udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfjyD; zd2;10-11üvnf; udk;um;onf/

]]igtouf&Sifonfjzpfí}} ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ y#dOmOfcHemrawmf YHWH udk rlwnfaom usdefqdkjcif; pum;vkH;wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]]jzpfjcif;^&Sdjcif;jy}} a[jAJMwd,m verb "to be" jzpfonf/ (xGuf 3;14)/ olonf tpOftouf&Sifol? wpfyg;wnf;omvQif touf&Sifaeolbk&m;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh olonf rdrdjzpfwnfaejcif;tm; taMumif;jyKusdefqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;emrawmfrsm; 9;29ü Munfhyg/

14;12 ]]odkYjzpfí igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifxHtpD&ifcH&Muvdrfhrnf/}} c&pf,mefwdkYonf w&m;pD&ifcHMurnfjzpfum (2aum 5;10) a0zefjypfwifolnDtpfudkrsm; ¤if;wdkYtxJ yg0if fMuayrnf/ tcsKda&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;onf ]]bk&m;ocifxH}} pum;pktm; csefvSpfxm;cJhMuonf/ usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabmonf xdkpum;pktwdkif;qdkvdkaMumif; ay:vGifonf/ xdkuJGvTJrIrSm ti,f 10&Sd uJGvTJrIykHpHrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ USS4 onf ¤if;udk yg0ifapum? (MSS Aleph, A,B,C,D) "C" tqifh (qkH;jzwf&efcufcJ) owfrSwfonf/

a&mr 14;13-23 tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ c&pf,mefrsm; rnfuJhodkY tcsif;csif;jyKrIqufqH&rnftaMumif;ti,f 1-12ü pwifonf/ ¤if;rSm c&pf,mefwpfOD;csif;ü &Sdaom ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;tm; tjynfht0 wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; vufcHMu&efjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olwdkY\ wpfyg;wnf;aom t&Sif ocifESifh w&m;olMuD;jzpfol c&pfawmfonf txufygtkyfpkESpfckpvkH;tm; tjynfht0vufcHxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ wpfa,muftwGuf 0dnmOfa&;ü tvGef t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom t&mwpfckonf tjcm;wpfa,muftwGuf t"dyÜg,f r&Sdjzpfavh&Sdwwfonf/ taMumif;rSm wpfOD;csif;\ twdwfb0? olwdkYcsif;\ vlyk*¾dKvfykHpH? olwdkY\ rdbrsm;? olwdkY\

MudKufESpfoufrIESifh olwdkY\ tawG;tMuHK....ponfwdkYrwlaomaMumifhwnf;/

c/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef0wÅ&m;taMumif; aqG;aEG;rI\ 'kwd,tydkif;jzpfaom þusrf;ydk'frsm;ü xdktaMumif;t&mudk uJGjym;jcm;em;aom ½IaxmifhwpfrsKd;jzifh aqG;aEG;wifjyonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü ajymonfrSm ,kHMunfolonf bk&m;ociftm; c&pfawmftxJrS cspfaMumif;jzpfum? ¤if;rSm rdrdc&pf,mefjzpfazmfjzpfbuf rsm;udk cspf&jcif;taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/ a,½Ionf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf rdrdtoufudk pGefYvGwfonfenf;wl? olwdkYonfvnf; tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfaom? olwdkYtwGuf a,½ItaocH&m olrsm;twGuf rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhudk pGefYvGwfMu&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;13-14/ 1a,m 3;16)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhqufqH&mü cspfjcif;arwÅmay: tajcjyKaMumif; 13;8-10ü tav;teufajymonf enf;wl? þtaMumif;t&monfvnf; cspfjcif;arwÅmudk c&pf,meftoufwm jzpfay:apaom taMumif;&if;tjzpf tav;teufjyKonf/

*/ ½kyfavmu&Sdt&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;onf[laom or®mw&m;rSm tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm;twGuf vufcH&ef tvGef cufcJonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;yifvQif tjypfaMumifhjypfwifcH&jcif;ü rdrdudk,f rdrdjypfwif&rnfhtpm;?

411

t&m0wÅKrsm;udk tjypfwifwwfMuonf/ t&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;aMumif; aygvkrjywfrvyfazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (14;14?20/ 1aum 6;12/ 10;25-26/ 1wd 4;4/ wduk 1;15)/ olYazmfjyrIonf tpmtaMumif; a,½I\ oGefoifrIESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfonf/ (rmuk 7;18-23)/ aumedavtm; bk&m;ocifvufcHaMumif; oefY&Sif;aomtpm? roefY&Sif;aom tpm udpöjzifh ayw½kudk &Sif;jyonf/ (wrefawmf 10;15)/

C/ þu@rSm rlvtm;jzifh ]]tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} tm;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ]]t&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;onf}} [laom wpf0uf or®mw&m;udk avQmhajymaomfvnf;? t&mtm;vkH;onfwnfaqmuf p&rjzpf (0g) bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktm; tusKd;ay;onfr[kwf[laom tqdkudk aygif;xnfhonf/ (1aum 6;12/20;23) tm;&SdolnDtpfudk\ vGwfvyfrIonf tjcm; c&pf,mefrsm;udk tMuD;tus,fysufpD;oGm;apEdkifonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfrS wqifhESifh c&pfawmftwGuf rdrdwdkY nDtpfudkrsm;udk xdef;ausmif;& olrsm;jzpfonf/

i/ tm;enf;olnDtpfudkonf 0dnmOfa&;ü MuD;xGm;vmum ]]tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} jzpfvmvdrfhrnf [lí aygvkrzmfjyjcif; (0g) xdkoabmrygaMumif;rSm vGefpGm pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;onf/ þaqG;aEG;csuf wpfckvkH;onf aus;Zl;awmfü MuD;xGm;jcif;taMumif;ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? c&pf,mefrsm;\ em;vnfoabm aygufykHcsif; uJGjym;rIxuf cspfjcif;arwÅmonf ydkí tvsifusaMumif; aqG;aEG;rIjzpfonf/

p/ xkdtkyfpkESpfckteufwpfckckü ,kHMunfolrsm; yg0ifjcif;rSm ]]trSm;}} odkYr[kwf ]]trSef}} xuf vlwpfOD;csif;\ vlyk*¾dKvftrsKd;tpm;? bmoma&; oifwef;atmifjrifrIESifh wpfOD;csif;\ tawGYtMuHKudk ydkí tajcjyKonf/ ,kHMunfol\ wm0efrSm tjcm;olrsm;udk ajymif;vJap&efr[kwfbJ? tjcm;tkyfpktm; cspf&efESifh av;pm;&ef jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm pdwfydkif;qdkif&mudpör[kwfbJ ESvkH;om;qdkif&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;? tkyfpkESpfckpvkH; cspfonf/ vufcHonf/ rdrdom;awmfudk ay;ygonf/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 14;13-23

13xdkYaMumifh tcsif;csif; w&m;pD&ifjcif;rjyKbJ? nDtpfudk\ vrf;ü twm;tqD;? odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkufrdp&m rxm;&ef pdwfqkH;jzwfMuukefthH/ 14rnfonfht&mrQ rdrdyuwdtm;jzifh roefY&Sif;[lí r&SdaMumifh ocifa,½ItxJ igodí oabmayguf\/ odkYaomf wpkHw&mtm; roefY&Sif;[k xifaom oltwGuf xdkt&monf olYtwGuf roefY&Sif;acs/ 15taMumif;rIum; oif\ tpmaMumifh oif\ pdwfemygu? oifonf cspfjcif; arwÅmESifhtnD usifhjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/ olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHcJholtm; oifhtpmjzifh rzsufqD;ygESifh/ 16xdkYaMumifh oifhtwGuf aumif;aomt&m wpfckonf uJh&JUjypfwifp&mrjzpfygapESifh/ 17taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf tpm;taomufr[kwfbJ? ajzmifhrwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpf\/ 18taMumif;rlum; ¤if;wdkYtm;jzifh c&pfawmfudk tapcHoludk bk&m;ocifvufcHawmfrlí vlrsm;vnf; ESpfoufMu\/ 19odkYjzpfí jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif; aqmufwnf fp&mjzpfapaomt&mrsm;udk rSDatmifvdkufpdkY/ 20bk&m;ocifvkyfaomt&mudk tpaMumifh rzsufqD;ygESifh/ 21t&mtm;vkH;trSefyif oefY&Sif;onf rSefaomfvnf; pm;íolwyg;jypfrSm;apaom olonf tjypf&Sd\/ oif\ nDtpfudktm; cvkwfwdkufvJapaom tom;pm;jcif;? pyspf&nfaomufjcif;rSpí rnfonfht&mrQrjyK&ef aumif;onf/ 22rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü rdrdem;vnf;oabmaygufonfh twdkif;&Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaom t&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&Sd\/ 23odkYaomf oHo,0ifaom olonf pm;ygu ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifhr[kwfojzifh olYudk,foljypf'PfpD&if\/ ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh jyKjcif;r[kwfaomt&m rSeforQtjypfjzpf\/

412