bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf? 14;17

usL;vGefjcif;tay:oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ oabmaygufaprI zsufqD;cH&jcif;? qkH;½ªH;vufvGwfoGm;jcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ ,kHMunfol\ tjyKtrlonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh r[kwfygu? ¤if;rSm tjypfjzpfonf/ (i,f 23)

14;16 NASB ]]oifhtwGuf aumif;aomt&mwpfcktm; jypfwifcHp&mrjzpfygapESifh/}} NKJV NRSV ]]oif\ aumif;rIonf jypfwifcHp&mrjzpfygapESifh/ TEV ]]aumif;onf[k oifrSwf,laomt&monf emrnf ysufp&mrjzpfygapESifh/}} NJB ]]rdrd&&Sdaom tcGifhxl;udk ravQmhcsygESifh/}} ¤if;rSm qufuyfcJhjyD; jzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfck&yfwHhvdkufonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE

PARTICLE ygonfh PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ vGwfvyfrI[lonf vG,fvifhwulyi?fvkyfyfkifcGifhjzpfoGm;Edkifonfμ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]aumif;aomt&m}} qdk&mü tm;aumif;aom ,kHMunfol\ tjyKtrludk ac:onf/ tm;aumif;ol c&pf,mefonf rdrd\ vGwfvyfrltm;? tm;enf;olrsm;udk tysufoabmxdcdkufapum? 0dnmOfa&;&m ysufpD;rIjzpfapaom enf;vrf;rsKd;jzifh tokH;jyKygu ]]aumif;aomt&m}} onf raumif;rItwGuf tcGifhaumif;wpf&yfjzpfvmonfμ þusrf;csufonf c&pf,mef tcsif;csif; rnfuJhodkY jyKrIqufqH&rnftaMumif;tm½kHjyK&mrS r,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf pdk;&drfjcif;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;onfESifhwl\/ (ti,f 18)/ Mud,mrSm ]]bk&m;udk vGefusL;ajymqdkjcif;}} "blasphemy" rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfum; r,kHMunfolrsm;ü okH;avh&Sdaom pum;vkH;jzpfonf/

14;17 ]]bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf}} ¤if;rSm a&mrMo0g'wpfusrf;vkH;ü wpfckwnf; &Sdaom pum;pkjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a,½IrMumcPokH;aomtaMumif;t&m jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,ck umvwGif þt&yfü&Sdonf enf;wl tem*wfumvü jynfhpkHvmOD;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/ (róJ 6;10) c&pfawmf\f ukd,fcE¨mtxJ wpfpkwaygif;wnf;aomtoufonf vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrItm; usifhokH;rIxuf ydkrdkwefbkd;MuD;ygonf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf

"r®a[mif;usrf;wGif YHWH udk tpöa&;\ &Sifbk&iftjzpfESifh (1"r® 8;7/ qmvH 10;16/ 24;7-9/ 29;10/ 44;4/ 89;18/ 95;3/ a[&Sm 43;15/ 44;4? 6 vnf;aumif; pHjy&Sifbk&if ar&Sd,tjzpfvnf;aumif; cH,lxm;onf/ (qmvH 2;6/ a[&Sm 9;6-7/ 11;1-5)/ AufvifjrdKUü a,½IzGm;jrifawmfrljcif;ESifhtwl (6-4bD?pD) bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf vlYordkif;xJ topfaom cGeftm;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;jzifh t&Sdeft[kefESifh xdk;azguf0ifa&mufvmonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;27-36) ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[efonf EdkifiHawmf fwnfaxmifcgeD;aMumif; a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ (róJ 3;2/ rmuk 1;15)/ rdrdtxJüvnf;aumif;? rdrdoGefoifrIrsm;üvnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmf&SdaeaMumifh a,½I&Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonf/ (róJ 4;17? 23/ 9;35/ 10;9?11;11-12/ 12;28/16;19/ rmuk 12;34/ vkum 10;9? 11/11;20/12;31-32/ 16;16/ 17;21)/ odkYaomf EdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfüvnf; &Sdaeao;onf/ (róJ 16;28/ 24;14/ 26;29/ rmuk 9;1/ vkum 21;31/ 22;16? 18) qifwl c&pf0ifusrf; (synoptic gospel) rsm;jzpfaom rmukESifh vkum c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü ]]bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf}} [laom pum;pkawGU&onf/ a,½I\ oGefoifaeus þtaMumif;t&mü ,ckvuf&Sdü vlom;\ ESvkH;om;xJ bk&m;ocif\ pkd;pHrItaMumif; yg0ifjyD;? ¤if;onf wpfaeYaomtcg usvQif wpfurÇmvkH; vTrf;jcHKoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm róJ 6;10 u a,½I qkawmif;jcif;ü ay:vGifonf/ róJurl

415

*sL;rsm;twGuf a&;om;jcif;jzpfí bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk rokH;jcif;tm; ydkrdkESpfoufonf/ (aumif;uif EdkifiHawmf) rmukESifh vkumwdkYonf wyg; trsKdk;om;rsm;twGuf a&;om;Mujcif;jzpfí bk&m;emrawmfudk okH;um? okH;aeustwdkif; azmfjyonf/ odkYjzifh þpum;pkrSm qifwl c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;\ t"du aomhcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ a,½I\ yxrqkH;ESifh aemufqkH;w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;ESifh ol\ Oyrm pum;trsm;pkwdkYü þtaMumif;t&mudkyif ajymygonf/ ¤if;onf vlom;\ pdwfESvkH;xJ bk&m;ocif\ ,ckpkd;pHjcif;udk &nfnGef;onf/ a,m[efonf þpum;pkudk ESpfMudrfomvQif okH;jcif;rSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/ (a,½Iajymaom Oyrmrsm;ü rokH;cJhacs)? a,m[ef\ c&pf0ifusrf; ]]xm0&touf}} rSm t"du aomhcsuf wifpm;rIjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf <uvmjcif; ESpfMudrfjzpfaejcif;aMumifh þpum;pkESifhqdkifí wif;rmrIjzpfay:aponf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf bk&m;ocif\ ar&Sd, Muvmjcif; wpfckudk omvQif pl;pdkufum? ppfa&;? w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifh <uvmjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? "r®opfusrf;url? yxrtMudrfü a[&Sm,53 &Sd 'ku©qif;&JcHaom tapcHtjzpfESifhvnf;aumif;? Zmc&d 9;9 &Sd ESdrfhcsaom &Sifbk&iftjzpfESifhvnf;aumif; <uvmaMumif; azmfjyonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ uyfumvESpfckjzpfaom qdk;oGrf;jcif; uyfumvESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfumvwdkYrSm xyfvsuf&Sdonf/ a,½Ionf ,ckvuf&Sdü ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;xJpkd;pHaeaomfvnf;? wpfaeYaomtcg usvQif zefqif;aomt&m wpfckvkH;tm; tkyfpkd;ayrnf/ olonf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ Asm'dwfawmftwdkif; <uvmvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm ]]&SdcJhjyDjzpfaom}} ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aom}} bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmftwGif;

&SdaeMuonf/ (Gordon D. Fee ESifh Douglas Stuart wdkY\ How to Read The Bible For All Its Worth, pp. 131134)

]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;}} þt&nftcsif;rsm;udk ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;ESifh ,kHMunfoltodkif;t0kdif;ü ay;olrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktwGuf twGif;tjyifMuifvifvu©Pmrsm;jzpfonf/ ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} [laom a0g[m&udk þae&mü txl;t"dyÜg,fjzifh aygvkokH;onf/ txl;taMumif; t&m 1;17ü Munfhyg/ aygvkonf xkdpum;vkH;udk ,kHMunfoltwGuf bk&m;ocifoGif;ay;aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk azmfjy&mü okH;avh&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfol&&Sdaom tjypfvGwfjcif;ESifh c&pfawmftxJ &yfwnfrI (3;21-31/ 4) udk bk&m;ocifonf w&m;Oya'ESifhtnD (w&m;½kH;awmfESifhqkdifí) aMumfjimjcif;jzpfonf/ tjypfjynhfol vlom;udk ajzmifhrwf oltjzpf rSwf,lvkduf½kHomru? olwdkYrSm vufawGUajzmifhrwfolrsm;jzpfvmMu&efvnf; jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm vufaqmifwpfckjzpfum? yef;wdkifwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ tjzpfrSef (INDICTIVE) ESifh apcdkif;jcif; (IMPERATIVE)? ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf&SifrIjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 ü Munfhyg/

14;18 ydkü tm;enf;ol ,kHMunfolrsm;udk axmufí? ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYt vGwfvyfcGifhudk rdrd[m rdrduefYowfvdkufjcif;rSm c&pfawmfukd,fwdkiftm; tapcHjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom vlwdkYtm; cspfjcif;? *½kpdkufjcif;? tumtuG,fay;jcif;xuf a,½Iudk rdrdcspfaMumif;ydkí cdkifrmpGm twnfjyKaomt&m r&SdawmfhjyD/

]]vlrsm;vnf; ESpfoufMu\/}} c&pf,mefrsm; tcsif;csif; cspfMujcif;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;twGif; trIawmfvkyfief;ESifh oufaocH&ef vrf;zGifhay;Edkifaom enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ (ti,f 16/ 2aum 8;21/ 1ay 2;12)/ ,kHMunfjcif; todkif;t0dkif;twGuf rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;rnfodkYjyKrlMuaMumif;onf tjyKoabm? tysufoabmESpfrsKd;ü wefcdk;&Sdaom oufaocHjcif;jzpfygonf/

14;19 ]]rSDatmifvdkufMupdkY}} þ"r®a[mif; pumvkH;wJG (tD'D,H) dioko udk *&d"r®a[mif; Septuagint enf;wl aygvk a&;aompmrsm;ü awGU&avh&Sdum ]]pdwfapmpGmvdkufonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]&&Sd&ef pdwftm;xufoefpGm

416

tm;xkwfon}}f [k qdkvdkonf/ aygvkonf þpum;vkH;udk a&mr 9;30? 31/ 12;13 wdkYESifh þae&mü ]]vdkufonf}} [laom t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;aomfvnf; 12;14ü rI,kHMunfolrsm;udk nTef;qJolrsm;tm; ajym&mü okH;onf/ (1aum 4;12/ rdrdudk,fwdkifudk &nfnTef;í 15;9/ 2aum 4;9/ *v 1;13? 23/ zd 3;6)

¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE (MSS Aleph, A, B, F, G, L & P) odkYr[kwf PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE (MSS C,D) udk IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;jcif;wpfckckjzpfonf/ UBS4 onf SUBJUNCTIVE udk okH;aomfvnf; "D" tqifh (tvGefc,Of;)owfrSwfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm; vdkuf&rnfh t&mrsm;rSm 1/ {nfh0wfausyGefjcif;? 12;13 2/ jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif;aqmufwnfp&mjzpfaomt&mrsm;? 14;19 3/ cspfjcif;arwÅm? 1aum 14;1 4/ c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;? zd 3;12?14 5/ tcsif;csif;ESifh vltm;vkH;twGuf aumif;aomt&m? 1ouf 5;15 6/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;? bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf&Sifjcif; ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;arwÅmpGJjrJjcif;ESifh El;nHh odrfarGYjcif; 1wd 6;11 7/ pifMu,faom ESvkH;om;jzifh ocifbk&m;udk ac:aomolrsm;ESifhtwl ajzmifhrwfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;arwÅmESifh jidrf;oufjcif; 2wd 2;22

]]jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif; aqmufwnfp&mjzpfapaom}} ¤if;onf t&m&mwdkif;ü ,kHMunfol\ yef;wdkifjzpf&ygrnf/ (qmvH 34;14/ a[jAJ 12;14)/ vlwpfa,muf\ vGwfvyfrIESifh "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m em;vnf;od&SdrIonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mMuD;xGm;jcif;ESifh cdkifcefYjcif;twGuf jzpf&ygrnf/ (15;2/ 1aum 6;12/ 14;26/ {zuf 4;12)/ txl;taMumif;t&m / / aqmufwnfjcif; 15;2 ü Munfhyg/

14;20 ]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkyfudk ... rzsufqD;ygESifh}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD; qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfckudk &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm tm;aumif;aom aygif;pyfMwd,m (kata taygif; luo) jzpfonf/ aygvk a&;aom pmrsm;ü okH;MudrfomvQif okH;onf/ (2aum 5;1ü aojcif;twGuf okH;um? *v 2;18ü þusrf;ydk'f\ t"dyÜg,fjzifhyif okH;jyD; ]]zsufqD;onf}} [lí jzpf\/) ti,f 19&Sd ]]aqmufwnf}} ESifh ]]jzdKzsuf}} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom þpum;vkH;wdkYudk tenf;i,f upm;xm;onf/ ESpfckpvkH; aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;jzifh wifpm;rIrsm;jzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]bk&m;ocif\tvkyf}} qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;¿ ¤if;onf &ifhusufjcif;udk &nfnTefjcif;rjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; ]]tm;enf;ol}} ,kHMunfolrsm; toufwmü 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ þusrf;ydk'fjzpfap 1aum&dEÅK 8-10ü jzpfap aygvkajyonfrSm tkyfpkwpfckonf tjcm;tkyfpk kwpfcktm; ykHo@mef ajymif;vJvm&ef ulnD&rnftaMumif;yif jzpfonfμ ]]t&mtm;vkH;trSefyif oefY&Sif;onf}} ti,f 14\ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

 NASB ]]pm;í olwyg;tm; jypfrSm;apaom olonf tjypf&Sd\/}} NKJV ]]jypfrSm;jcif;ESifh pm;aom olonf tjypf&Sd\/ NRSV ]]oifpm;aom t&maMumifh tjcm;olrsm;vJapygu wpfckcktm; pm;jcif;onfrSm;\/ TEV ]]tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,muftjypfxJusap&ef wpfckcktm;pm;jcif;onfrSm;,Gif;\/}}

417

NJB ]]pm;jcif;tm;jzifh tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,mufvJusapygu tjypfjzpfonf/ þtcef;i,fonf þtcef;MuD;\ t"du or®mw&m;jzpfonf/ (1aum 10;25-26/ wduk 1;15) ¤if;onf ½kyfwkylaZmf&mtom;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum&dEÅK 8-10)/ þtom;onf aumif;onf qdk;onfr[kwfbJ? xdktom;rsKd;rpm;oifh[k xifol? tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufonf xdktom;rsKd;tm; c&pf,mefwpfa,mufpm;onfudkjrifum? pm;vnf;pm;vkdufygu? udk,fusifhw&m;ü taumif;? tqdk; [lí r[kwfbJ? Mum;aejzpfaom xdktom;rSm raumif;aomtom;jzpfoGm;onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ydkif;jcm;od&SdrItm; azgufzsufapaomt&mjzpfvmaom aMumifhwnf;/ (i,f23) t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkwdkYonf þpum;pkudk ]]tm;aumif;aom nDtpfudk}} ESifh qufpyfMuonf/ taMumif;rSm olpm;vdkufaomt&monf tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfoludk vGrf;rkd;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ umodkvpf bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonfh New American Bible üf pm;aomt&monf ol\ taumif;tqdk;cJGjcm;wwfaom pdwfudk jypfrSm;apaomtcg pm;aomoltwGuf rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfonf[k bmomjyefum? ]]tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfol}} ESifh qufpyfonf/ taMumif;t&moabmt& yxr bmomjyefrIrSm taumif;qkH;jzpfae[ef&Sdaomfvnf;? qdkvdk&if;roJruJGjzpfaejcif;rSm ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf &nf&G,fí wrifoufouf xdktwdkifxm;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ i,f 22;23

14;21 ¤if;rSm ]]tm;aumif;aom nDtpfudkrsm;}} udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tcsKdUaom tpm;taomufrsm; ]]vkH;0a&Smifjcif;}} "r®oabmw&m;twGuf wpfckwnf;aom or®musrf;pmxJutajccHjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef rsm;onf rdrdwdkY c&pf,mef nDtpfudk rsm;ESifh pdwf&if;jzifh pl;prf;avhvmolrsm; (r,kHMunfolrsm;) udk axmufxm; aomtm;jzifh rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhtm; vdktyfovdk uefYowfxm;&ygrnf/ rdrdudk,f rdrduefYowf fjcif;qdkif&mrsm;pGmwdkYonf "avhxkH;pHqdkif&m? ae&ma'o (0g) *kdPf;*eqdkif&mwdkYü awGU&onf/ ¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVES ESpfckjzpfjyD; ]]tjyKtrlwpfcktm; rnfonfh tcgürQ rpwif}} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ þ AORIST onf tcsKdUaomtcg or,rsKd; (1aum&dEÅK 8;10) twGufomjzpfonf[k teufzGifhMuonf/ tpm;tomuf[lonf wm;qD;ydwfyifí&aomt&m r[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/

14;22 NASB ]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfonfht&mudk bk&m;ocif a&SUawmfü rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufonfhtwdkif &Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaomt&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&dS\/}} NKJV ]]rSefonf[k ,kHMunfygovm;¿ ¤if;udk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü oifhtwGuf jzpfapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaom t&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&Sd\/}} NRSV ]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk rdrdem;vnf oabmaygufonftwdkif; bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü &Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHxm;aomt&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfwifp&mr&Sdolrsm;rSm r*Fvm&Sd olrsm; jzpfMu\/}} TEV ]]þudpöütrSef[k rdrd,kHMunfonfht&mudk rdrdESifh bk&m;ociftMum; odrf;xm;avmh/ wpkHw&mtm; rSefonf[k pD&ifqkH;jzwfonfhtcg rSm;onf[k rcHpm;olrsm;onf r*Fvm&Sdolrsm;jzpfMu\/ NJB ]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk rdrdESifh bk&m;ociftMum;&Sdapavmh/ rdrdudk,frdrdtjypf rwifbJ? qkH;jzwfcsufcsEdkifoludk uHaumif;onf[k rSwf,lavmh/}} ,kHMunfolonf rdrdtm; 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfhtwdkif; or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh &&Sdonfh MowÅyÜpdwf\ tvif;twdkif;touf&Sif&rnf [laomtcsufudk þpum;pkonf twnfjyKay;ygonf/ (i,f 5)/ olwdkYonf rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;twdkif; avQmuf&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? rdrd\ ,kHMunfazmf ,kHMunfzufrsm;\ ,kHMunfrIudk

418

zsufpD;&efr[kwfacs/ ti,f 22 onf ]] tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} tm;&nfnTef;jyD;? tcef;i,f 23 u rI ]]tm;enf;aomnDtpfudk}} tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 22\ tpü rIuJG vufa&;usrf;&Sdonf/ NKJV rSm uJhodkY ar;cGef;odkYr[kwf azmfjycsuf (NASB, NRSV, TEV ESifh NJB) vnf;jzpfEdkifygonf/

]]vufcHaomt&m}} txl;taMumif;t&m 2;18ü Munfhyg/

14;23 ]]oHo,0ifaom olonf}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf pdwftaESmifht&SufjzpfrIvGefuJaom c&pf,mefrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ i,f 3/

]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cH\}} ¤if;rSm kata + krino rS qif;oufaom PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm 1/ ]]qefYusifbufoabmudk jyvsuf? tjypf&Sdoljzpfaponf}} (Harold K. Moulton, The Analytical Greek

Lexicon Revised. p. 216)/ 2/ jypf'PfrpD&ifaomfvnf; pD&ifcsufcsjyD;aemuf qkH;rjcif;vdkufvmonf/ (a&mr 5;16? 18/ 8;1/ Moulton and

Miligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testment, p. 328) þae&mü qdkvdkonfrSm rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwftm; usL;vGefjcif;ESifh xdktjypfudk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf azmfjyem;vnfaponfhtcg jzpfay:vmaom a0'emjzpfonf/

]]pm;ygu}} ¤if;rSm wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/

]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhr[kwfaomt&m rSeforQtjypfjzpf\/}} or®musrf;pmü t"dyÜg,foJuJGpGm razmfjyaom u@rsm;ü tjypf[lonf ynwfw&m;usL;vGefjcif;r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwf (vdyfjym pdwf) tm; usL;vGefjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;w&m;udk vdkuf&rnfjzpfjyD;? or®musrfpmESifh 0dnmOfawmfrS tvif;ydkrdk&&Sd&ef tjrJwrf;vrf;zGifhxm;&onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmftm; em;vnf oabmaygufjcif;udk vkdufí jyKrIMuonf/ or®musrf;pmü t"dyÜg,f oJuJGpGm razmfjyaom taMumif;t&mrsm; tay:rwlnDaom tjri;fESpfrsKd;pvkH;udk pJGudkifum? ESpfckpvkH;tvdkawmftwdkif; jzpfjcif;rsKd; onfvnf; &ifhusufol ,kHMunfolrsm;ü jzpfEdkifonf/

tcsKdY*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü tcef;MuD; 14tqkH;ü bkef;awmfbJGUyg&Sdonf/ tcsKdUwGif ae&mESpfckpvkH; ü&Sdonf/ aypmusrf; p 46 ü rI ¤if;udk tcef;MuD; 15 tqkH;ü xm;onf/ a&mrMo0g'pm\ tpOftvm*&d vufa&;usrf;ü þbkef;awmfbJGUudk ae&majcmufckü awGU&onf/ tjynfhtpkH aqG;aEG;rItwGuf United Bible

Societies rS xkwfapaom Bruce M. Metzger \ A Textual Commantary of the Greek New Testament, pp. 533-536 ü Munfhyg/ xdkoDtdk&Drsm;\ tusOf;csKyfrSm þodkYjzpfonf/ 1/ ueOD;ü a&mrjrdKUwGif t,l0g'vTJrSm; olwpfa,mufjzpfaom Marcion onf a&mr Mo0g'pm\ aemufqkH;tcef;MuD;ESpfcef;tm; z,fxkwfvdkufonf[k Origen u ajymygonf/ ¤if;onf tcef;MuD; 14ü þbkef;awmfbJGU&Sd&jcif;taMumif;&i;fjzpfayrnf/ 2/ tcsKdUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;url aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmykHpHwpfrsKd;jzpfonfh tcef;MuD; 1-14 udk a&mrjrdKYodkY ydkY&ef a&;om;cJh&m? aemufydkif;ü xdkpmudkyif {zufjrdKUodkYvnf; ydkY&efvdktyfonf[k odjrifcJhonf/ ¤if;rSm tcef;MuD; 1-16 tjynfhtjzpfonf[kqdkMuonf/ wpfOD;csif;tm; EIwfquf jcif;pm&if; t&SnfMuD;onf (tcef;MuD;16) {zufjrdKUudk xif[yfapjyD;? a&mrjrdKUESifh rIqDavsmfjcif;r&Sdacs/

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3/ tmukvESifh jypfudkvwdkYrSm a&mrjrdKUodkY jyefoGm;cJhMuaMumif; rSwfwrf;r&SdcJhbl;bJ? {zufjrdKUüom aeoGm;cJhaomaMumifh tcef;MuD; 16 &Sd EIwfqufjcif;rSm a&mrjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/ ({zufjrdKU ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf) 4/ xdk bkef;awmfbJGUonf rl&if;ü rygbJ? aemufydkif;wGif usrf;ul;q&mrsm;onf toif;awmf0wfjyK pnf;a0;rsm;ü zwf&Gwf&ef jznfhpGufMujcif;jzpfonf/ M.R. Vincent, Word Studies, Vol, 2 ü pdwf0ifpm;p&m rSwfcsufwpfckawGU&onfrSm ]]þoDtdk&Drsm;ESifh acgif;rmpGm qefYusifonfrSm? ,ckxd pkaqmif;od&SdcJh&orQ aygvk\ pmrsm; (okH;&mcefY)ü þtcef;MuD;rsm; ,ck tpDtpOftwdkif;&SdjyD;? þbkef;awmfbJGUryg&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ (pm? 750)

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;

þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/ 1/ ]]tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfol}} rsm;rSmrnfolawGenf;¿ a&;om;azmfjyyg/ olwdkYrSm r&ifhusufolrsm;jzpfonf[k aygvkqdkvdkygovm;¿ 2/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIESifh c&pf,mefwm0ef 0wÅ&m;rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;¿ 3/ t&mtm;vkH;obm0tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;ygoavm¿ odkYr[kwf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mü Mum;aejzpfygoavm¿ (i,f 14?20) 4/ aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmudk aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS a&;om;cJhjcif;udk owd&&if;? tpm;taomufjyóemonf aum&dEÅKjrdKUü tb,faMumifh tvGefta&;MuD;enf;¿ (1aum tcef;MuD; 8?10) 5/ þtcef;MuD;ü todynm? vGwfvyfrIESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmrsm;\ qufpyfrIudk &Sif;jyyg/ 6/ toif;awmftwGif; rdwfo[m,udk rnfonfh t&may: tajcjyK&rnfenf;¿ 7/ rdrdwdkY wpfOD;csif;\ a&G;cs,frIESifh qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;rnfonfh t&may:tajccHMuoenf;¿ 8/ uREkfyfwdkY\ tjyKtrIrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk rnfuJhodkY xdcdkufoenf;¿ þtcsufonf uRefawmfwdkYudk rnfonfht&mtm; awmif;qdkaeoenf;¿ 9/ oifhawmfaom c&pf,mefudk,fusifhw&m;udk rnfuJhodkY owfrSwfqkH;jzpfMuoenf;¿ 10/ &ifhusufaom c&pf,mefrsm; oabmxm;rwlnDrIudk bk&m;ocifvufoifhcHEdkifygOD;rnfavmh¿

420

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;

UBS NKJV NRSV TEV NJB

tjcm;vlom;csif; 0eftcsif;csif; tm;aumif;ol tjcm;olrsm; (14;22-15;6) rsm;auseyfygap/ xrf;ay;Mu onftm;enf;ol auseyfygap/ rdrdudk,frdrdrauseyf udkonf;cH rdrdudk,frdrdraus apESifh eyfapESifh 15;1-6 15;1-6 15;1-6 15;1-6

wyg;trsKd;ESifh*sL; bk&m;udk wyg;trsKd;rsm;twGuf rsm;twGuf{0Ha*vd twlcsD;rGrf; {0Ha*vd 15;7-13 15;7-13 15;7-13 15;7-12 15;7-12 15;13 15;13

aygvk\ óoem a,½k½SvifjrdKY udk,fydkifrSwfpk &J&ifhpGmpma&;&mü aygvk\trIawmf vkyfief;qufuyfrI @aumedjrdKUodkY aygvk&nf&G,fcsuf

15;14-21 15;14-21 15;14-21 15;14-21 15;14-16 15;17-21

a&mrjrdKYoGm;&ef a&mrjrdKUoGm;&ef a&mrjrdKUoGm;&ef aygvk\tpD aygvktpDtpOf pDpOf aygvktpDtpOf tpOfrsm;

22-29 22-33 22-29 15;22-29 22-26 15;30-33 15;30-33 22-29 15;30-33

ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg) rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;

þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;vJ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/

421

tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm; wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/ t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SmOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsufem;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/ 1/ yxrpmydk'f 2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f 3/ wwd,pmydk'f 4/ ... pojzifh

ti,f 1-13tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;/

u/ c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;taMumif; tcef;MuD; 14rS 15;1-13 txd aqG;aEG;onf/

c/ 14;1-15;13 txd aqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm; þodkYtusOf;csKH;Edkifonf/ 1/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk c&pfawmftxJ vufcHojzifh tcsif;csif; vufcHMu (14;1?3? 15;7) 2/ c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkY\ ocifESifh wpfyg;wnf;aomw&m; pD&ifoljzpfojzifh tcsif;csif;w&m; pD&ifjcif;rjyKMuESifh/ (14;3-12) 3/ cspfjcif;arwÅmonf wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrIxuf ydkrdkta&;MuD;onf/ (14;13-23) 4/ c&pfawmf\ ykHoufaoaumif;udk vkdufum? tjcm;olrsm; aqmufwnfp&mjzpf&efESifh aumif;usKd;twGuf rdrd\ tcGif;ta&;udk t½IH;cHyg/ (15;1-13)

*/ 14;1-15;13 wpfckvkH;\ &nf&G,fcsufokH;rsKd;tm; 15;5-6ü ay:vGifaeonf/ 1/ tcsif;csif;oifhjrwfpGmaexdkifyg/ 2/ c&pfawmf\ ykHaumif;oufaoESifh tnDtouf&Sifyg/ 3/ aygif;pnf;aom ESvkH;om;? aygif;pnf;aom EIwfpum;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;yg/

C/ wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrIESifh tpktaygif;jzifh wm0ef&SdrItMum;tvm;wl wif;rmrItaMumif; 1aum 8-10ü aqG;aEG;onf/

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqkHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;1-6

1tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf rdrdudk,frdrdauseyfap½kHrQ r[kwfbJ? tm;r&Sdaom tm;enf; olwdkYudk onf;cH oifhonf/ 2igwdkY wpfa,mufcsif;onf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;\ aumif;usKd;twGuf olauseyfESpfodrfhí aqmufwnf p&mjzpfap&efjzpfonf/ 3taMumif;rSm c&pfawmfyifvQif ]]udk,fawmfudk jypfwifaom olrsm;\ jypfwifjcif;rsm; uREkfyftay:usa&mufyg\}} [lí usrf;pmvmonfESifh tnD rdrdudk,f rdrdauseyfapjcif; rjyKcJhacs/ 4usrf;pmtm;jzifh &aom cJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jzifh igwdkYü ajrmfvifhjcif;&Sdap&ef? a&S;umvü a&;cJhorQonf igwdkYudk oGefoif&ef a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/ 5pJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;udk ay;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmf a,½I\ tvdkESifhtnD? pdwfwl? oabmwljzifh oifwdkYudk igwdkY ocifa,½I c&pfawmf\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmftm; wpfoHwnf;jzifh nDnTwfpGm csD;rGrf;Edkifygrnf taMumif;ay;ooem;awmfrlygapaom/

422

15;1 NASB ]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf ... tm;r&Sdaom tm;enf;olwdkYudk onf;cHoifhonf}} NKJV ]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf;í pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf vG,folwdkYudk onf;cHoifhonf/ NRSV ]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf;olrsm;\ tjypftemrsm;udk onf;cHoifhonf/}} TEV ]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf; olwdkY\ 0efudk ,lí tm;enf;olwdkY\ oHo,0ifaom cHpm;csufwdkYudk onf;cH&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/}} ¤if;wdkYrSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT INFINITIVES ESpfckjzpfonf/ tm;&Sdol? tm;enf;olrsm;udk azmfjyjcif;onf 14;1 rS pwif aqG;aEG;csufudkyif? tcef;MuD; 15ü qufvufoGm; jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a&mr toif;awmfESifh toif;awmfrsm;tm;vkH;ü c&pf,mefrsm;\ toufwm vrf;aMumif; ay:wif;rmrItm; ay:vGifapjcif;ESifh wlonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm 1/ or®musrf;pmxJ oJuJGpGm razmfjyaom u@rsm; 2/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ awmif;qdkrIrsm; 3/ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m r[kwfaom? xkH;wrf;pOfvmqdkif&m udpörsm;tm; wkHYjyefrIrsm; þu@ü uRefawmfhudk rsm;pGm yhHydk;aom pmtkyfaumif;tpftkyfrSm Gordon Fee \ Gospel and Spirit pmtkyfjzpfonf/ ,aeYacwfopfpm ½Iolrsm; taejzifh ]]tm;&Sdol}} ESifh ]]tm;enf;ol}} rsm;rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; owfrSwfcsufay;&efrSm rSef;qcsuf omvQif jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvk\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm xdkodkY jyK&ef r[kwfacs/ tm;&Sdol tkyfpkrSm pnf;urf; Oya' odkYr[kwf bmoma&; qif,ifusif;yrIudk t"du xm;aom bmoma&; vkdufpm;rIESifh uif;vGwfoludk &nfnTef;onf/ olwdkYESifh bk&m;ocifqufqH&mü bmoma&;qdkif&m wm0eftcsKdU aqmif&Gufjcif; (0g) bmoma&;wm;jrpfcsuf tcsKdUtm; a&Smifjcif;rsm; tay:raocsm ra&&mbJ? rSDcdktm; xm;jcif;rjyKMuacs/ tjcm;tkyfpkrSmvnf; wif;jynfhusyfjynfh c&pf,mefrsm;? tjynfht0vufoufoifhcHjcif;&&Sd olrsm;ESifh tjynfht0qufuyfaom ,kHMunfolrsm; tkyfpkyif jzpfonf/ odkYaomf olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;tm; rdrdwdkY twdwfu bmoma&;qdkif&m tawGUtMuHKrsm;rSwqifh ½IjrifMuonf/ *sL;vlrsKd; ,kHMunfolrsm;onf *sL;bmom\ y#dnOf w&m;a[mif;udk pJGudkifvdkMuonf/ wyg;trsKd;om; ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ ,cif bmoma&; t,l0g'ESifh usifhpOftcsKdUwdkYudk qufvufusifhvdkMuonf/ odkYaomf aygvkonf ,kHMunfolwdkYü &Sdaom þpdwfaeoabmxm;udk ]]tjypf}} [k ac:a0go rIwfjcif;rjyKaMumif; owd&yg/ rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwfudk vGefusL;Mujcif;uomvQif tjypfjzpfonf/ (i,f 23)/ ]]tm;r&Sd}} [laom a0g[m& adunatos onf (wref 14;8) ashtheneŌ (14;1?21/ 1aum 8;7?10?11?12/ 9;22) ESifh qufpyfum? ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,frSmvnf; ]]tm;r&Sd}} [líjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'f\ qdkvdkcsufrSm c&pf,mefrsm;onf tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk pdwfrodk;roefYESifh onf;nnf;cHae&efr[kwf/ cspfjcif;arwÅmxm;um ]]*½kwpdkufjyKí}} wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muftwl vkyfaqmifaeMu&ef jzpfonf/ ]]onf;cH}} bear [laom pum;vkH;rSm a,½I ]]vuf0g;uyfwdkifxrf;jcif;}} a,m[ef 19;17ESifh vkum 14;27 wdkYü okH;aom pum;vkH;vnf;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf bk&m;w&m; MunfndKol tcsif;csif;Mum;jzpfay:Edkifaom wif;rmrI taMumif;aumif;pGm odonf/ aygvkonf *sL;bmom vpfb&,f ausmif;awmf Hillel \ txifu& q&mMuD;wpfqljzpfol *gravsv Gamaliel vufatmufü avhusifh oGefoifrIcHvmcJholjzpfonf/

]]rdrdudk,frdrd auseyfap½kHrQr[kwfbJ}} ¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD; qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck &yfwhHonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ twÅudkA[dkjyKjcif;rSm r&ifhusufrI\ aocsmaom edrdwfvu©Pm wpfckjzpfum? c&pfawmf\ ykHoufaoudk vdkufjcif;onf &ifhusufrI\

423