tBuD;qHk; (Archē)? 8;38

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ARCHE e,fy,f? ykdifeuf (domain) rSm *&da0g[m& arche jzpfjyD; t"dyÜg,frSm wpfpkHwpfck\ ]]tp}} odkYr[kwf ]]rlv}} jzpfonf/ 1/ zefqif;jcif;\ tp (a,m 1;11/ 1a,m 1;1/ a[jAJ 1;10) 2/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ tp (rmuk 1;1/ zd 4;15/ 2ouf 2;13/ a[jAJ 2;3) 3/ yxrrsufjrif oufaorsm; (vkum 1;2) 4/ edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;\ tp (xl;qef;aom edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;? a,m 2;11) 5/ rlvtajccH w&m;rsm; w&m;Ek (a[jAJ 5;12) 6/ owif;aumif;or®mw&m;ay: tajcjyKonfh pdwfcs&rI\ tp (a[jAJ 3;14) 7/ tptOD;? aum 1;18/ Asm 3;14

¤if;udk ]]tkyfcsKyfonf}} (0g) ]]tcGifhtmPm^tmPmpuf}} tjzpf tokH;jyKvmcJhonf/ 1/ tkyfcsKyfaom vlom;t&m&Sdrsm;/ (u) vkum 12;11 (c) vkum 20;20 (*) a&mr 13;3/ wdwk 3;1 2/ tmPmydkif aumif;uifwrefrsm; (u) a&mr 8;38 (c) 1aum 15;24 (*) {zuf 1;21/ 3;10/ 6;12 (C) aum 1;16/ 2;10? 15 (i) ,k' 6

rSm;,Gif;ol þq&morm;wdkYonf avmuD? avmukwÅ&m tmPmydkifrsm;tm;vkH; txifao;Muonf/ olwdkYrSm bmomt,l0g'udk qefYusifonfh pm&dwÅrJh0g'rsm; jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifxuf? aumif;uifwrefrsm;? vlrItmPmydkifrsm;ESifh toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;xuf olwdkYudk,folwdkY yxrt&mü xm;Muonf/

8;39 ]]tjrifhjzpfap? euf½Idif;aomt&mjzpfap}} þa0g[m&wdkYtm; vlom;wdkY\ b0wdkYudk xdef;csKyfol bk&m;rsm;tjzpf ,kHMunfcJhMuonfh Mu,frsm;\ ta0;qkH;wnfae&mESifh teD;qkH;wnfae&mwdkYudk azmfjy&ef tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ aemufydkif;wGif aemhpwpfac: rdpäm0g'D rsm; okH;aom eons ac: ynm&yfqdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;

269

jzpfvmMuum? oefY&Sif;aom bk&m; (god) ESif hqdk;oGrf;aom t&mrsm; zefwD;olydkrdk wefcdk;enf;yg;aom bk&m; (god) tMum; aumif;uifwreftqifhtwef;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfvmonf/

]]zefqif;onfhtjcm;t&m wpkHwck}} ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,ftppftrSefrSm tjcm;owÅ0gtrsKd;tpm; (heteros) jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tjcm;wefcdk;BuD;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;udk &nfnTef;aMumif;pm tquftpyf oabmu jyaeygonf/ *&d0dbwf heteros onf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom tjcm; trsKd;tpm; wpfckudk azmfjyum? allos onf wlnDaom tjcm;rsKd;tpm; wpfckudk jyonf/ ¤if;pum;wdkYrSm Koine Greek (trsm;okH; *&dpum;) ü r&Sdaomfvnf; þusrf;ydk'fü wpfrsKd;wzkHjzifh azmfjyyg&Sdaeonf/

]].... jzpfap .... bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfESifh igwdkYudk ruGmapEdkif ....}} BuD;rm;vSaom pdwfcsrI ygwum;! þtcef;BuD;onf rnfonfh jypf'PfpD&ifrIrS r&SdaMumif;ESifh tpjyKum? ruGmapEdkif[laom pum;ESifh tqkH;owfxm;onf/ ,kHMunfol\ u,fwifjcif;udk rnfolurS rvk,lEdkifacs/ odkYaomf tpjyK wkHUjyefrIESifh (3;21-31) qufvufwkHYjyefrI (tcef;BuD; 4-8) &Sd&ayrnf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf aomhcsufjzpfaomfvnf; trdefYawmftm;jzifh jyKonfh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m wkHUjyefrI [lí &Sdygonf/ emcHjcif;ESifh pJGjrJjcif;rsm; vdktyfonf enf;wl aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif;wdkYvnf; vdktyfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/ 20;21) !

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/

1/ tcef;BuD; 8 ESifh tcef;BuD; 7 rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;¿ 2/ jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;r&Sdygu? ,kHMunfol\ toufwmü tjypfonf rnfodkY tusKd;oufa&mufoenf;¿ 3/ ,kHMunfolrsm;xJ usdef;0yfonfrSm 0dnmOfawmf (0g) a,½Irnfolenf;¿ (i,f 9) 4/ vl\ tjypfonf obm0avmuudk rnfodkY xdcdkufcJhoenf;¿ (i,f 19-22)/ obm0 avmuonf aumif;uifbkH\ tpdwftydkif;jzpfvmOD;rnfavm¿ (a[&Sm, 11;6-10) 5/ 0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf rnfuJhodkY qkawmif;ay;oenf;¿ (i,f 26-27)/ ¤if;onf ]]tjcm;aom bmomjzifh ajymjcif;}} udk nTef;qdkygovm;¿ 6/ þuJhodkY qdk;oGrf;aom avmuwGif t&mcyfodrf;onf aumif;usKd;twGuf vkyfonf[k or®musrf;pmü tb,faMumifh ajymEdkif oenf;¿ (i,f 28)/ ]]aumif;}} [laom pum;vkH; (i,f 29) udk t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfyg/

270

7/ ti,f 30&Sd "r®oabmw&m; uGif;qufxJü tb,faMumifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; rygoenf;¿ 8/ ti,f 31-39 udk tb,faMumifh w&m;cGifjrifuGif;jzpfonf[k ajym&oenf;¿ 9/ a,½ItaMumif; tcef;i,f 34ü azmfjyonf tcsufav;csufudk azmfjyyg/

271

a&mr 9

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;

UBS4 NKJV NRSV TEV NJB

bk&m;\a&G; c&pfawmfudktpöa&; tpöa&;\r,kHMunf bk&m;ESifh vlrsKd; tpöa&;\tcGifhxl;rsm; aumufjcif; wdkYjiif;y,fjcif; jcif;jyóem awmf 9;1-5 9;1-5 9;1-5 9;1-5 9;1-5 tpöa&;\jiif;qef tpöa&;ay:uwd bk&m;onfuwd rIESifhbk&m;\ awmfrysufuGuf awmfapmihfxdef; &nf&G,fcsuf 9;6-13 9;6-13 9;6-13 9;6-9 9;6-13 9;10-13 tpöa&;\jiif;qef bk&m;\a&G; bk&m;onfr rIESifh bk&m;\ cs,fydkifcGifh ajzmifhrwfol w&m;rQwrI r[kwf 9;14-18 9;14-29 9;14-18 9;14-18 9;14-18 trsufawmfESifh trsufawmfESifh *½kPmawmf *½kPmawmf 9;19-29 9;19-26 9;19-21 9;19-21 9;22-29 9;22-24 t&mcyfodrf;"r® a[mif;ü BudKí ajymcJhjyD/ 9;25-29 9;27-29 tpöa&;ESifh tpöa&;\ ppfrSefaomajzmifh tpöa&;ESifh {0Ha*vdw&m; vuf&Sdtjcae rwfrI,kHMunfrIjzifh& {0Ha*vdw&m; 9;30-10-10;4 9;30-104 9;30-10;4 9;30-33

272

ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg) rl&if;pma&;ol\ pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm; em;vnfjcif;

þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmudk rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/ tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm; wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/ t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/ 1/ yxrpmydk'f 2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f 3/ wwd,pmydk'f 4/ ... pojzifh

tcef;BuD; 9-11 ESifh tcef;BuD; 1-8 wdkY qufpyfykH

u/ þpmpkESifh tcef;BuD; 1-8 wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk em;vnfoabmaygufykH ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ 1/ þpmpk\ taMumif;t&mrSm vkH;0oD;jcm;jzpfjyD;? "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m Mum;n§yf xnfhoGif;rI wpfckjzpfonf/ (u) 8;9 ESifh 9;1 wdkYonf tBuD;tus,fqefYusifbufjzpfum? ¤if;wdkYü qufpyfrIr&Sd/ (c) ¤if;rSm a&mrjrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; ordkif;0if wif;rmrIESifh wdkuf&dkufqufpyfonf/ ¤if;rSm toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrIü wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\ u@ydkí BuD;xGm;vmjcif;ESifh qufpyfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (*) tpöa&; (ESifh ynwfw&m;awmf) ESifh qdkifaom aygvk\ a[majymrIESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm; twGuf ol\ wrefawmft&mwdkYaMumifh (tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfay;prf;awmfrljcif;) olYtay: em;vnfrI vTJrSm;jcif;&Sdojzifh olonf þtaMumif;t&mudk þtydkif;ü aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfonf/

2/ ¤if;rSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk aygvkwifjy&mü txG#ftxdyfESifh wuúaA'enf;us ed*Hk;csKyf jzpfonf/ (u) aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 8udk ]]bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfESifh ruGmapEdkif}} [laom uwdpum;ESifh ed*kH;csKyfonf/ y#dnOfcH vlrsKd;awmftwGif; r,kHMunfolrsm; rnfodkY jzpfrnfenf;¿ (c) tpöa&;\ r,kHMunfrIESifh oufqdkifaom {0Ha*vdw&m;\ qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef or®mw&m;\ tajzudk a&mr 9-11 ü tajzay;onf/

273

(*) aygvkonf þtaMumif;udkyif þMo0gpmwpfavQmufvkH;ü ajymcJhjyD;? ajymaeqJvnf; jzpfonf/ (1;3? 16/ 3;21? 31 ESifh 4;1) (C)bk&m;ocifonf rdrdEIwfuywfawmfay: opöm&SdaMumif; aygvkajymonf/ "r®a[mif;ü tpöa&;twGuf bk&m;ocifajymonfh EIwfuywfawmfrSm rnfodkYenf;¿ tqdkyguwdawmf tm;vkH;zsufjy,fí qdwfnOf;oGm;cJhjyDavm¿ c/ þpmpkudk trsKd;rsKd;tusOf;csKyfEdkifonf/ 1/ jiif;qefol&Sdav[ef aygvk\ pma&;ykH (a0zefpmrsddK;jzifh) (u) 9;6 (c) 9;14 (*) 9;19 (C) 9;30 (i) 11;1 (p) 11;11 2/ a&mr 9-11 rSm pmpkwpfckjzpfonf/ (tcef;MuD;? tcef;i,fjzifh ydkif;jcm;rIrSm 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwf? rl&if;pmrsm;ü rygbJ? aemufydkif;üom xnfhoGif;jcif;jzpfonf/) wpfckvkH;jcHKMunfhum teufjyef&efjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap tenf;qkH; t"dutaMumif;t&m tydkif; okH;ydkif; &Sdygonf/ (u) 9;1-29 (bk&m;ocifrSm tcsKyftcsmNzpfaMumif;) (c)9;30-10;21(vlom;\ wm0ef0wÅ&m;&SdykH) (*)11;1-32 (bk&m;ocif\ tm;vkH;yg0ifaom xm0&a&G;EIwfNcif;tMuHawmf) 3/t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; jzifh avhvmjcif;/ / a&mrMo0g'pm\ þtydkif;twGuf aumif;rGefaom tusOf;csKyf Thomas Nelson ykHESdyfwufrS xkwfaponf NKJV \ pmydk'fcJGrsm;ü awGU&onf/ (u) c&pfawmfudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;1-5 (c) bk&m;ocif &nf&G,fcsufudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;6-13 (*) bk&m;ocif\ w&m;rQwrIudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;14-29 (C) tpöa&;\ vuf&Sd tajctae/ 9;30-33 (i) tpöa&;ESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;/ 10;1-13 (p) {0Ha*vdw&m;udk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 10;14-21 (q) tpöa&;\ jiif;y,frIonf t<uif;rJhr[kwf/ 11;1-10 (Z) tpöa&;\ jiif;y,frIonf aemufqkH;r[kwfao;/ 11;11-36

274

*/ þtydkifonf ESvkH;om;xJrS idka<u;oHjzpfonfrQtrQ pdwfxJrS wifjyjcif;vnf; jzpfonf (t"dutcsufrsm;udk wuúaA'enf;us azmfjyjcif;) ¤if;onf a[ma&Stem*wÅdusrf; 11;1-4/ 8-9enf;wl ykefuefaom tpöa&; tay: bk&m;ocif\ pdwfESvkH;aMuuJGykHtm; owd&aponf/ tcef;BuD; 7 ü azmfjyonfh ynwfw&m;awmf\ a0'emESifh aumif;jrwfrIrsm;onf tcef;BuD; 9-10ESifh wlnDrIrsm;pGm &Sdonf/ ESpfae&mpvkH;ü bk&m;ocifay;onfh ynwfawmfonf toufay;&rnfhtpm; aojcif;w&m; ,laqmifvmrItay: aygvkESvkH;aMuuJGcJh&\/

C/ aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 9;11twGif; "r®a[mif;usrf;rS 25Budrf udk;um;azmfjyykHudk axmuf½Iygu tod&cufaom (paradox) tpöa&;taMumif;tm; vwfwavm tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifhomr[kwfbJ? tcef;BHuD; 4rSm enf;wl "r®a[mif;usrf;jzifh taxmuftxm;jyum? &Sif;vif;vdkaom aygvk\ qE´udk jyoonf/ tmjA[H\ aoG;om;tquftEG,ftrsm;pkwdkYonf twdwfumvüyifvQif bk&m;ocifudk jiif;qefcJhMuonf/ (wrefawmf&/ ae[rd 9)/ i/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;onf {zuf 1;3-14 enf;wl vlom;tm;vkH; a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\ xm0& tMuHawmfudk azmfjyonf/ ½kwfw&ufzwfvdkufonfhtcg bk&m;ocifonf vlyk*¾dKvftcsKdUa&G;cs,fum? tjcm;olrsm;udkrl jiif;y,faMumif;a&;om;azmfjyonfpkESifh wlaomfvnf; (Supralapsarian Calvinism tpGef;a&mufuJvfAift,l0g') uREkfyf\ tvdkt& ¤if;rSm vlwpfOD;csif;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ a&G;EIwfjcif;ESifh qdkifí bk&m;ocif\ xm0&tMuHtpnfawmfudk pl;pkdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28 ESifh 13;29/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 8;28 ü Munhfyg/)

Joseph A. Fitzmyer ESifh Raymond E. Brown wdkYwnf;jzwfonfh The Jerome Biblical Commentary, twJG 2ü ajymonfrSm ]]aygvk\ tjrifrSm tpueOD;u pí wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaMumif; oabmayguf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ olonf vlwpfOD;csif;\ wm0ef&Sd ykHudk aqG;aEG;aejcif;r[kwfacs/ aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\ BudKwif cefYxm;jcif;taMumif; azmfjyaeonfqdkygu ¤if;onf vlwpfOD;csif;tm; bkef;wefcdk;cHpm;ap&ef BudKwifcefY xm;onf[k qdkjcif;ESifh rnfodkYrQroufqdkifacs/ (pm? 318)

tcef;BuD; 9 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;/ u/ tcef;BuD; 8 ESifh tcef;BuD; 9 tMum; pdwfaeoabmxm; tBuD;tus,fajymif;vJoGm;ykH

c/ tcef;BuD; (9-11) pmpkü yg0ifaom "r®oabmw&m;rSm (1) u,fwifjcif;taMumif;tajccH (2) a&G;aumufjcif;ü bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsuf (3) r,kHMunfaom tpöa&;\ opömrJhjcif; tjydKif- YHWH \ opöm&Sdjcif; (4) a,½I\ a&G;EIwfjcif;ü vlom;tm;vkH; yg0ifykH */ tcef;BuD; 9 rSm bk&m;ocifonf tcsKyftcsmjzpfaMumif; "röopfusrf;ü tcdkifrmqkH; azmfjyaom usrf;ydk'fwpfckjzpfonf/ (tjcm;usrf;ydk'fwpfckrSm {zuf 1;3-14)/ wpfzufürl tcef;BuD; 10 onf vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom pdwfqE´taMumif; &Sif;vif;pGmESifh xyfcgwvJvJ azmfjyonf/ (]]vlwdkif;}} i,f 4/ ]]rnfolrqdk}} i,f 11? 13/ ]]tm;vkH;}} i,f 12 (ESpfcg)/ aygvkonf þ"r®oabmw&m;wif;rmrIudk

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o[mZmwjzpfap&ef tm;xkwfjcif; rjyKcJhbl;acs/ ESpfrsKd;pvkH; ¤if;twdkif;? rSefuefonfμ or®musrf;pmawmfvm Mo0g'trsm;pkwkdYudk qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mif (0g) jiif;qefol&Sdaeoa,mif twJGrsm;jzifh wifqufonf/ "r®oabmw&m;enf; pepftrsm;pkwdkYrSm wuúaA'enf;us (Logical) aomfvnf; usrf;ydk'f wpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKcsuf,lrI (proof-text) uomvQifor®musrf;enf;us or®mw&m;\ tjcm;wzufaom rsufESmpmudk omvQif ,lonf/ Mo*pfwif0g'ESifh uJvfAif0g' –tjydKif- yJvm*if0g'Dwpfydkif;ESifh tbmrDeD0g' (Augustinianism ESifh Calvinism versus Semi-Pelagianism– and Arminianism) ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ü or®mw&m;ESifh rSm;,Gif;aomw&m; a&maESmyg0ifonf/ tuGufcsxm;aom teufjyefrIqdkif&m BudKwift,ltqwpfckxJodkY or®musrf;pmtm; twif;wGef;ydkYaom? usrf;ydk'fwpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKrI? w,loef0g'? usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrIESifh "r®oabmw&m;enf; pepfwdkYxuf Mo0g'qdkif&m wif;rmrIonf ydkí ESpfoufp&maumif;ygonfμ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ta&SUwdkif;pmay – 3;27ü Munfhyg/

C/ 9;30-33onf tcef;BuD; 9tm; tusOf;csKHUjcif;ESifh tcef;BuD; 10\ OD;wnfcsuf jzpfonf/

i/ aygvkonf (rdrd\ usKd;aMumif;jy aqG;aEG;rItwGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; rnfodkY okH;aMumif; rSwfom;yg/ ¤if;rSm a&mrjrdKU&Sd *sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wiful;rSef;qjcif;jzpfonf/ (1) i,f 7 – urÇm 21;12 (2) i,f 9 – urÇm 18;10? 14 (3) i,f 12 – urÇm 25;31 (4) i,f 13 – rmv 1;2-3 (5) i,f 15 – xGuf 33;19 (6) i,f 17 – xGuf 9;16 (7) i,f 25 – a[ma&S 2;23 (8) i,f 26 – a[ma&S 1;10 (9) i,f 27 – a[&Sm 10;22 (10) i,f 28 – a[&Sm 10;23 (11) i,f 29 – a[&Sm 1;9 (12) i,f 33 – a[&Sm 28;16 ESifh 8;14

tcef;BuD; 19 ESifh 11wdkYü tjcm;"r®a[mif;usrf; udk;um;rItrsm;tjym;&Sdaeygao;onfμ

276