a½G;aumufjcif;^BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh "r®oabmw&m;csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyfjcif;? 8;33

22;12? 16 udk ay:vGifapygonf/ *sL;&AÁq&mBuD;rsmonf þ"r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'ftm; tmjA[H\ tquftEG,ftwGuf tpm;xkd;&m tjypfajzjcif;twGuf okH;cJhMuonf/

]]igwdkYtm;vkH;twGuf tyfESHawmfrlonf}} ]]tm;vkH;}} [laom þusrf;ydk'fxJu pum;vkH;rSm t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ a,½Ionf avmu\ tjypfrsm;twGuf taocHonf/ (vkum 2;10-11/ a,m 3;16/ 4;42/ 11;51/ 1wd 4;10/ 1a,m 2;2/ 4;14)/ ¤if;onf 5;12-21 u tm'H c&pfawmfykHaqmifcsufrsm;udk xif[yfaponf/ a,½I\ taocHjcif;onf tjypfjyóemudk ajz&Sif;onf/ ,ck ]],kHMunfí vufcHyg}} qdkonfrSm jyóemjzpfonf/

]]t&mcyfodrf;udk igwdkYtm; tcrJhay;}} ]]þBud,monf aus;Zl;awmf [laom pum;vkH; qif;ouf&m *&dpum;vkH; jzpfonf/ t&mcyfodrf;}} [k qdk&mü tcef; 7 udk &nfnTef;onf/ 3;24 rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

]]tjypfwif}} .... ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfap .... jypf'PfpD&if ... Mum;0if awmifyefay; (qkawmif;ay;)}} þpum;vkH; tm;vkH;wdkYrSm w&m;Oya' pum;vkH;rsm; jzpfonf/ ti,f 31-39 rSm aumif;uifbkHw&m;cGif\ jrifuGif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf a[&Sm, 50;8-9 udk nTef;qdkEdkifonf/

8;33 ]]bk&m;ocif a&G;aumufawmfrlaom olwdkY}} a,½Ionf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;aumufawmfrlol jzpfonf/ (Barth) þor®mw&m;twGuf "r®opfusrf;xJu t&Sif;qkH;? tjynfhpkHqkH; usrf;ykd'frsm;rSm {zuf 1;3-4 ESifh a&mr 9;14-16 wdkY jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vkH;udk a&G;csuf&ef? crnf;awmfonf a,½Iudk a&G;cs,fonf? usqif;aom vlom;udk bk&m;ocifu ]]r}} [k qdkjcif;twGuf a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\ ]][kwf}} jzpfonf/

þ"r®oabmw&m; wif;rmrI\ aomhcsufudk {zuf 1;4 ü awGU&SdEdkifonf/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif a&G;aumufaom vlom;jzpfum? vlom;tm;vkH;rSm olYtxJü tvm;tvmaumif;pGm a&G;cs,fonf/ (Karl Barth) usqif;cJhaom vlom;\ vdktyfrItwGuf a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\ ]][kwfuJh}} jzpfonf/ (Karl Barth)

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / a&G;aumufjcif;? BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh "r®oabm w&m;csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyfrI/

a&G;aumufjcif;onf tHhMop&maumif;aom Mo0g' wpf&yfjzpfonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;onf rsufESmomay;í rsufESmvdkuf&efr[kwfbJ? vrf;aMumif;wpfck? wefqmyvmwpfck (0g) tjcm;olrsm;tm; a&G;EIwf&ef enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;üþpum;vkH;udk trIawmfudpötwGuf t"du tokH;jyKum? "r®opfusrf;ürl u,fwifjcif;twGuf rlvtm;jzifh tokH;jyKjcif;jzpfjyD;? ¤if;onf trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;udk jzpfay:aponf/ or®usrf;pmonf qefYusifbufjzpf[ef&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qE´wdkYudk o[mZmwjzpfap&ef ndSEdIif;jcif;rjyKcJhbJ? ESpfckpvkH; twnfjyKonf! or®musrf;pmawmfvm þwif;rmrItwGuf aumif;rSefaom OyrmwpfckrSm a&mr 9 u bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmESifh a&mr 10 u vlom;\ wkHUjyefrI vdktyfjcif;taMumif;wdkY jzpfonf/ (10;11? 13)/

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BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm aumif;uifbkHr[kwfbJ? oefY&Sif;jcif; (c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif;) jzpfaMumif; {zuf 1;4 onf twnfjyKum? &Sif;vif;oGm;&ef yhHydk;ay;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;üom tm½kHa&mufum? ¤if;\ wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;udk vpfvsL½Irdavh&SdMuonf! bk&m;ocif\ ac:zdwfjcif; (a&G;cs,fjcif;) onf xm0&twGuf jzpfonf enf;[ktcsdef umvtwGufvnf; jzpfonf ! Mo0g'rsm; [lonf wpfckaom or®mw&m;? qufpyfrI r&Sdaom or®mw&m;rsm;ESifh r[kwfbJ? or®mw&m;tm;vkH;ESifh qufpyfonf/ aumif;rGefpGm rsKd;uJGqifwlrIwpf&yfonf Mu,fpk wpfpkESifh Mu,fwpfvkH;yrm jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf or®mw&m;rsm;udk wifjy&mü taemufwdkif;pmay[efjzifh r[kwfbJ? ta&SUwdkif; pmay[efjzifh wifjyonf/ Mo0g' qdkif&m or®mw&m;rsm;tm; twJGvdkuf tusKd;taMumif; jyrIrsm;jzifh wifquf&mrS jzpfay:vmaom wif;rmrIrsm;udk z,f&Sm;jcif;rjyK&acs/ (¤if;wdkUrSm qefYusifaeoa,mif xif&aomfvnf; xdkodkY r[kwfaom wifjyrI wpfrsKd; Paradoxical jzpfonf/) 1/ BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qE´ESifh tNydKif 2/ ,kHMunfolrsm;\ vkHjcHKrI onfpJGjrJ&ef vdktyfrIESifh - tNydKif 3/ ADZtjypfonfpdwfqE´jzifh jyKaom tjypfESifh – tNydKif 4/ tjypfuif;jcif;? pHkvifjynfh0rI 0g'onftjypf enf;EdkiforQ enf;jcif;ESifh - tNydKif 5/ ppcsif; csufjcif; ajzmifhrwfí oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;onf jzpfay:wdk;wufaeaom oefY&Sif;pifMu,f rIESifh - tNydKif 6/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIonff c&pf,mef wm0ef 0wÅ&m;ESifh – tNydKif 7/ bk&m;ocifonf (vlom;tm;) ausmfvGefrIonfftwGif; tpÆswÅoEÅmefü &Sdaom bk&m;ocifESifh - tNydKif 8/ vlom;rsm;tqkH;pGefxd rem;vnfEdkifol bk&m;jzpfjcif;onf or®musrf;pmxJü odEdkifol bk&m; jzpfjcif;ESifh - NydKif 9/ ypöKyÜefumv bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfumvü jynfhpkHrIESifh - tNydKif 10/ aemifw&jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifwpfckjzpfjcif;rSm y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m vlom;\ wkHYjyefrItjzpf aemifw&&ef vkdtyfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif 11/ a,½Ionf bk&m;jzpfjcif;rSm a,½Ionf vlom;wpfa,mufjzpfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif 12/ a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifh nDrQjcif;rSm a,½Ionf crnf;awmf\ tapcHjzpfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif ]]y#dnOfw&m;}} [laom "r®oabmw&m;onf trdefYawmfcsrSwfum tcsKyftcsmjzpfol bk&m;ocif (tpjyKum? tpDtpOfcsrSwfavh&Sdonf) tm; aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh qufvufwkHYjyefrI jyK&aom vlom;wdkYESifh aygif;pnf;ay;onf/ qefYusifaeoa&mifjzpfaeaom or®mw&m;twJGwpfck\ tjcm;wzufwnf;jzifh twnfjyKum? tjcm;wzufudk ½Iwfcsjcif;tm; txl;owdxm;yg! rdrdpdwfBudKufMo0g' (0g) "r®oabmw&m; pepfwpf&yftm; tom;ay;jcif;udk owdxm;yg!

8;34 tb,faMumifh jypf'PfpD&ifrcH&aMumif;\ taMumif;&if; tawmfrsm;rsm; þtcef;i,fü azmfjyonf/ (i,f 1) 1/ udk,fawmf taocHcJhonf

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2/ udk,fawmfjyef&SifxajrmufcJhonf 3/ bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbufü udk,fawmf&Sdonf 4/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf udk,fawmf Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;onf/ a,½I\ taocHjcif;onf igwdkY tjypf\ jypf'Pfudk cHay;oGm;cJhonf/ (a[&Sm, 53/ rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21)/ a,½I\ jyef&SifxajrmufrIonf om;awmf jyKcJhonfh trIawmftm; crnf;awmf vufcHawmfrIaMumif; jyoum? nSOf;yef;ESdyfpufcHjcif;ESifh aoqkH;&mü ajrmfvifhjcif; ay;onf/ (tdrfaysmfaeolrsm;eufrS tOD;oD;)/ crnf;awmf\ vusfmawmfbufü a,½Itm; csD;ajr§mufjcif;ESifh ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;jcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh aumif;aom wdkufcdkufjcif; jyK&ef owÅday;onf/

]]bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbuf}} ¤if;rSm vlom;uJhodkY wifpm;azmfjyrI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif; t&m/ / 1;18ü Munfhyg) bk&m;ocifü ½lyudk,fcE¨mr&Sdacs/ olonf ]]eH0dnmOf}} jzpf\/ þwifpm;rIonf wefcdk;&Sdaom ae&mt&yf? tcGifhtmPmESifh tBuD;jrwfqkH;ae&mtm; ajymjyjcif; jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þazmfjyrIudk rMucP rokH;acs/ ({zuf 1;30/ aum 3;1)/ aygvkonf ueOD; c&pf,mef,kHMunfrI wpfcktm; ti,f 34 ü azmfjyjcif; jzpfEdkifygonf/ (zdvdyÜd 2;6/ 1wd 3;16)/

]]Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf}} a,½I\ trIawmfrSm qufvufaeqJ jzpfonf/ a,½Ionf 0dnmOfawmf enf;wl (i,f 26-27) uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;aeonf/ (a[jAJ 4;4-16/ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 12;1)/ ¤if;rSm OyZösm,fq&m paraclete qkdonfh a0g[m&jzpfjyD; a,m[ef 14;16 wGif 0dnmOfawmfü okH;um? 1a,m 2;1ü om;awmftjzpfokH;onf/ ¤if;onf 'ku©qif;&JcHol tapcH\ aw;oDcsif;tm; &nfnTef;rI tjcm;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (a[m&Sm, 53;12)/

8;35 ]]c&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwÅm}} ¤if;rSm pdwfoEÅmefü &Sdaom t&m (SUBJECTIVE odkYr[kwf jrif&aomt&m (OBJECTIVE) wpfckckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm (1) c&pfawmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk cspfaom arwÅm odkYr[kwf (2) ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfudk cspfaom arwÅmwpfckckjzpfEdkifonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü eHygwf 1ESifh ydkí udkufnDygonf/ (2 aum 5;14)/ taMumif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm; c&pfawmf ay:xm;&Sdaom arwÅmrSm oGm;vdkufjyefvdkufjzpfaomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkY ay:c&pfawmf\ arwÅmrSm aocsmí wnfMunfonf/ þpum;pkü *&dvufa&;usrf;uJG wpfck&Sdonf/ 1/ wpfckaom *&da&S;acwfü ]]bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf}} [lí yg&Sdonf/ (MS Aleph) 2/ wpfckaom a&S;acwfvufa&;usrf;ü ESpfrsKd; aygif;pyfum ]]c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf}} [k yg&Sdonf/ (MS \ B) 3/ UBS4 usrf;jyKolrsm;onf ]]c&pfawmf\ arwÅm}} udk ,lum "A" tqifh (aocsm) owfrSwfMuonf/ ¤if;onf MSS \ C, D, F, D ESifh trsm;pk acwfa[mif; Latin, Vulgate ESifh Peshitta wdkYü yg&Sdonf/

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]]'ku©qif;&J? aomua0'em? n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;}} c&pf,mefrsm;onf þavmuü jyóem tcuftcJrsm; awGU&vdrfhrnf jzpfaomfvnf; xdkjyóemcufcJrIrsm; (0g) qdk;oGrf;rI wefcdk;yg0grsm;onf olwdkYudk bk&m;ocifESifh uJGuGmoGm;apEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 'ku©qif;&Jrsm; 5;3 ü Munfhyg/

8;36 ¤if;rSm qmvH 44;22rS azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ þ qmvHusrf;ü bk&m;ocifudk 'Pf&m temw&cHpm;&aom rdrdvlrsKd;tm; u,fvTwfrnfh ol[k ac:onf/

8;37 NASB ]]odkYaomf þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf tBuD;tus,fatmifEdkifMu\/}} NRJV ]]odkYaomf þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf ydkí atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/}} NRSV ]]xkdodkYr[kwf/ þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf ydkí atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/}} TEV ]]xdkodkYr[kwf/ þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf udk,fawmftm;jzifh t<uif;rJhatmifEdkifrI &&SdMu\/}} NJB ]]¤if;wdkYrSm igwdkY atmifEdkifrI&&m ppfaMumrIrsm; jzpf\}}

¤if;rSm ]]atmifEdkifonf }} qdkaom a0g[m&tm; txl;wvnfjyKjcif;ykHpHwpfck jzpfonf/ þa0g[m& (huper + nikao) udk aygvkwGif cJhjcif;jzpfayrnf/ ¤if;rSm thHMobG,f&m a&maESmwifpm;rI jzpfjyD; ]]atmifEdkifaom odk;}} [lí jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfrS tqifh atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ (a,m 16;33/ 1a,m 2;13-14/ 4;4/ 5;4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Huper aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm; aygvktokH;jyKykH 1;30 ü Munfhyg/

]]igwdkYudkcspfawmfrlolrSwqifh}} \ emrfpm;onf crnf;awmfbk&m; odkYr[kwfom;awmfudk &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/

8;38 ]]igoabmayguf\}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfjyD; ]]igonf oabmaygufapjcif;cHcJhjyD; jzpf&m qufvufí oabmaygufapjcif; cH&ayOD;rnf}} [k qdkvdkonf/

]]aumif;uifwrefrsm;}} *sL;&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\ ,lqrIü aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf pdwftm;BuD;um? vlom;rsm;udk *½kpdkufMuojzifh olwdkYtay:&ef vdkMuonf[k qdkonf/ aemhpwpfac: vTJrSm;aom q&morm;rsm;\ tvdkt& u,fwifjcif; [lonf &efvdkaom aumif;uifwrefrsm; avmu (0g) eons rsm;\ vQKdU0Sufpum;rsm;tm;jzifhom &Edkifaomt&mjzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/ (aumavmoJESifh {zuf Mo0g'pmrsm;) aumif;uifwrefrsm; qdkonfhpum;vkH;twGuf aygvkokH;onfh a0g[m&rsm; taMumif;tusOf;csKyfrI wpfck

George Eldon Ladd \A Theology of the New Testament ü awGU&onf/ aygvkonf aumif;aom aumif;uifwref qdk;aomaumif;uifwref? pmwefESifh ewfqdk;rsm;udk nTef;qdk½kHomru emrf0dnmOfjzpfaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;\ &mxl;tqifhtwef;rsm;udk yg&nfnTef;onfh tjcm; pum;vkH; tkyfpkwpfckudkyg okH;avh&Sdonf/ tac:ta0grSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/

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tkyfcsKyfonf (arche) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ aum 2;10 tkyfcsKyfolrsm; archai; RSV ]]txG#ftjrwfrsm;}} principalities {zuf 30;10/ 6;12/ aum 1;16/ 2;15/ a&mr 8;38 tmPmpuf (exousia) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ aum 2;10 tmPmydkifrsm; (exousiai; RSV, authorities) {zuf 3;10/ 6;12/ aum 1;16/ 2;15/ wefcdk; (dynamis) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ wefcdk;&Sdolrsm; (dynameis) a&mr 8;38 &mZyv’ifrsm; (thronoi) aum 1;16 tpdk;&jcif; (kyriotes RSV, dominion tkyfpdk;jcif;) {zuf 1;21 tmPmpufrsm; (kyriotetes) aum 1;16 þarSmifrdkufavmuudk tpdk;w&jyKolrsm;? {zuf 6;12 aumif;uift&yfrsm;ü &Sdaom 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;? {zuf 6;12 arSmifrkduf\ wefcdk;tmPm? aum 1;13 rSnfhcJhorQ emrnf tm;vkH;? {zuf 1;21 aumif;uif? ajrBuD;ESifh atmuft&yf&SdowÅ0grsm;? zd 2;10 (p. 401 ) "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu usqif;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifh "r®opfusrf;uewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;\ qufpyfrItm; or®musrf;pmvm wdkuf&dkufazmfjyrI r&Sdacs/ ¤if;wdkYrSm twlwlyif jzpfonf[k trsm;tm;jzifh rSwf,lxm;Muonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ aemifwGif jzpfysufrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;qdkif&m pmaywdkYü ewfqdk;wdkYrSm aumif;uifwrefwydkif;? vlwydkif; jzpfaom urÇmOD; 6 ü azmfjyonfh ezdvdrf Nephilim ac: vlYbDbl;BuD;rsm;\ 0dnmOfrsm;jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIuyfab;BuD;onf olwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mrsm;udk zsufqD;cJhojzifh olwdkYonf udk,fcE¨mESifh aep&mt&yf &SmazGMuonf[k qdkonf ! ¤if;rSm pdwful;jzifh rSef;qrIrQom jzpfonf/ rlvtprsm;qdkif&m uRefawmfwdkY\ ar;cGef;tm;vkH; or®musrf;pmü tajzray;acs/ ¤if;\ MuH&G,fcsufrSm vlom;tm; a&G;EIwfjcif;taMumif;jzpfjyD;? olwdkY\ od&SdpyfpkvdkrIrsm;twGuf r[kwfacs !

 ]]txG#ftjrwfrsm;.... tmPmwefcdk;rsm;}} ¤if;u &nfnTef;onfrSm (1) aumif;uifwrefrsm; (0g) þuyfumv ewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm; ({zuf 2;2/ 6;12/ 1aum 15;24/ aum 1;16) odkY r[kwf (2) usqif;aom vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; bk&m;ocif tay:rSDcdkudk;pm;rI uif;vGwfoGm;aponfh? usqif;aom þavmu\ udk,fcE¨mrJht&mrsm; jzpfaom (bmoma&;? tpdk;&rsm;? ynma&;? aq;0g;? azsmfajza&;vkyfief;rsm;... pojzifh) jzpfEdkifygonf/ (Hendrickus Berkhoff, a&;om;onfh (Principalities and Powers) 13;1\ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

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