2. sxvadasxva daniSnulebis qvis modelebi

akroterioni tyemlovanadan (XV saukune) miekuTvneba im tipis modelebs, romlebSic gumbaTi calke keTdeboda da magrdeboda eklesiis qveda korpusSi CaWril specialur fosoSi (sur. 59). am akroterionisgan mxolod qveda korpusia darCenili. is uzogades formebSi gadmogvcems eklesiis Senobas. mTavar fasadze mxedris figuraa mocemuli warweris gareSe. rac Seexeba stefanwmindis akroterions (XIV saukune), is Cawerili jvris tipis taZars warmoadgens (sur. 60). gumbaTis yelze (rogorc Cans, motexili iyo da cementiT daumagrebiaT) naCvenebia oTxi TaRovani sarkmeli sada lilvovani sapireebiT. gumbaTs aqvs konusuri saxuravi, romelzec datanilia qvis lorfinebis vertikaluri lilvebi. modelis erTi fasadis garda yvela sadaa, maTze mxolod mcire sarkmlebia datanili mklavebis frontonebSi. modelis qveda korpuss etyoba, rom erT dros is daferili da SeRebili iyo, alag-alag darCenilia TeTri nalesobis kvali da nalesobaze wiTlad datanili xazebi. rac Seexeba CvenTvis saintereso fasads, masze mTeli are daTmobili aqvs cxenosani wmindanis gamosaxulebas. tyemlovanasa da stefanwmindis akroterionebze warmodgenili mxedrebi, savaraudod, wm. giorgis gamosaxulebebad unda miviCnioT, Tumca maTze arc gveleSapisa da arc diokletianes figurebi araa naCvenebi. wm. giorgis aseTive uCveulo gamosaxuleba (gveleSapis an diokletianes gareSe) SemorCenilia XIV saukunis bareTis timpanis reliefze84 . amrigad, Sua saukuneebis qarTul da zogadad samxreTkavkasiur xuroTmoZRvrebaSi ganviTarda eklesiis samganzomilebiani modelis saxis akroterionebis Seqmnis unikaluri tradicia. kvlevam aCvena, rom saqarTveloSi funqciurad akroterioni saxuravis kexze aRmarTuli jvris kvarcxlbeks warmoadgenda. ramdenime nimuSze SemorCenili gamosaxulebebisa da warwerebis mixedviT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom zogjer maT aseve SeiZleba hqonoda votivuri daniSnulebac. akroterions yovelTvis hqonda eklesiis forma, magram ar imeorebda namdvil arqiteqturas. rogorc wesi, modeli ar asaxavs im taZars, romelsac adgas (erTi gamonaklisi aris somxeTSi – hariWavanqi). rogorc Cans, ar iyo sagangebo dakveTa saimisod, rom modeli yofiliyo realuri eklesiis msgavsi, amitom, konkretuli Senobebis reproducirebis nacvlad, modelis Semqmneli ostatebi iyenebdnen TavianTi droisaTvis damaxasiaTebel struqturul da dekoratiul elementebs da Tavisuflad axdendnen maT komponirebas. isini cvlidnen realur proporciebs da aqcentirebulad zrdidnen gumbaTs jvargumbaTovan modelebSi an amoklebdnen grZiv RerZs calnavian modelebSi. Sedegad, akroterionebi warmoadgenen ganzogadebul arqiteqturul modelebs, romlebSic saerTo dizainiTa da garkveuli raodenobis arsebiTi elementebiT mnaxveli iolad amoicnobs eklesiis zogad iers.

2. sxvadasxva daniSnulebis qvis modelebi

garda akroterionebisa, Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi eklesiaTa samganzomilebian qvis modelebs farTod iyenebdnen sxva daniSnulebiTac. kerZod, SemorCenilia memorialuri funqciis modelebi – eklesiis saxis saflavis qvebi. maTi zusti daTariReba rTulia, radgan warmodgenili arqiteqtura Zalian ganzogadebuli xasiaTisaa da, rogorc wesi, romelime epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel xuroTmoZRvrul elementebs ar gviCvenebs. maTze arc warwere

84 T. dadiani, e. kvaWataZe, T. xundaZe, SuasaukuneebisqarTuliqandakeba, gv. 315, sur. 622.

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bia SemorCenili, rac dagvexmareboda qvebis daTariRebaSi. is ki cxadia, rom eklesiis modelebis saflavis Zeglebad gamoyenebas mravalsaukunovani tradicia hqonda saqarTveloSi da is XIX saukuneSic gagrZelda85 . eklesiis formis saflavis qvebi orad SeiZleba dajgufdes: verZis qandakebaze mdgari eklesiis modelebi, romlebic verZTan erTad erTian masiur qvaSia gamoTlili (sur. 61) da damoukideblad mdgari eklesiis modelebi (sur. 62). orsave SemTxvevaSi eklesiaTa tipologia mravalferovania. gumbaTiani taZrebidan gvxvdeba rogorc Tavisufali jvris (saflavis qvebi tbisidan86 da orjalaridan), aseve Cawerili jvris tipis taZrebi (qilda87). aseve farTod mimarTaven ugumbaTo arqiteqturasac, ZiriTadad darbazul eklesiebs (samsara88 , prtena89 , buzaveTi90 , Toria91). saTxis eklesiis ezoSi mdgar verZs samnaviani bazilikac ki adgas zurgze92 (sur. 63). yvela SemTxvevaSi saxviTi ena pirobiTi da ganzogadebulia. saflavis qvebi ar asaxavs romelime konkretul eklesias. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac verZze mxolod gumbaTia dasmuli (sur. 66), zogjer sulac yelis gareSe – mxolod gadaxurva, romelic, miuxedavad imisa, rom zed kramitisa Tu lorfinis saburvelia miniSnebuli (sur. 64, 65), mnaxvelze Znelad Tu tovebs gumbaTis STabeWdilebas. sof. Rrtilas (axlandeli ixtila, javaxeTi) eklesiis ezoSi mdgar verZis qandakebas mTel zurgsa da ferdebze darbazuli eklesiis msgavsad orferda gadaxurvis imitacia aqvs gamoqandakebuli (sur. 67). saxuravis zedapirze datanili lilvebi zemoTken naxevarwriul momrgvalebebs ebjineba, rac qvis lorfinis gadaxurvis Suasaukuneobriv wesTan aRZravs asociacias – magaliTad, saRamos mesame eklesiis saxuravTan93 (sur. 48). msgavsi xerxi eklesiis saxis akroterionebzec Segvxvda (zarzmis akroterioni – sur. 47).

85 vrclad amis Sesaxeb ix.: m. liluaSvili, arqiteqturulad gadawyvetili saflavis Zeglebi XVIIXIX saukuneebis saqarTveloSi: baldaqinebi, akldamebi, eklesiis modelebi, wignSi: saflavisZeglebi XVII-XIXsaukuneebissaqarTveloSi,Tbilisi, 2022 (ibeWdeba). 86 r. kekeliZe, saflavis qvebi algeTis xeobidan, Zeglismegobari, #34, 1974, gv. 29-30, sur. gv. 30-ze; i. ciciSvili, materialuri kulturis Zeglebi qvemo qarTlis istoriul-arqeologiuri eqspediciis masalebis mixedviT (algeTis xeoba), Zeglis megobari, #52, 1979, gv. 7, #25; e. nadiraZe, unikaluri Zeglebi, sabWoTaxelovneba, #2, 1987, gv. 126, foto gv. 121-ze; e. nadiraZe, saqarTveloszoomorfuli Zeglebi, Tbilisi, 1996, gv. 52, #43, sur. 3. 87 d. berZeniSvili, i. elizbaraSvili, n. vaCeiSvili, c. CaCxunaSvili, javaxeTi, istoriulxuroTmoZRvruligzamkvlevi, Tbilisi, 2000, gv. 97, tab. 301. 88 d. berZeniSvili da sxvani, javaxeTi, gv. 69, tab. 208. 89 e. nadiraZe, saqarTvelos zoomorfuli Zeglebi, gv. 50, #26, sur. 16. 90 d. berZeniSvili da sxvani, javaxeTi, tab. 132. 91 iqve, gv. 38, tab. 97. 92 e. nadiraZe, saqarTvelos zoomorfuli Zeglebi, gv. 50, #22; d. berZeniSvili da sxvani, javaxeTi, gv. 28, tab. 58. 93 saRamos e. w. mesame eklesiis XIII-XIV saukuneebis lorfinis gadaxurva bevri TvalsazrisiT aris saintereso. yuradRebas iqcevs gadaxurvis samxreTi kalTis dasavleTi nawili, sadac kidura Camket klites, gansxvavebiT danarCeni naxevarwriuli kliteebisgan, dawaxnagebuli saxe aqvs. garda amisa, kididan meore zeda naxevarwriuli nawili damatebiT damuSavebulia mcire zomis rkalebiT. aseve, am nawilSi qvis lorfinebze ori qandakeba iyo aRmarTuli. erTi imdenadaa dazianebuli rom Znelia misi identificireba, meore warmoadgenda fexebSekecili cxovelis (verZis?) srul figuras (amJamad Tavi motexilia) sur. 48.

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calke mdgom calnaviani eklesiis saxis saflavis qvebidan Tavisi mxatvruli gadawyvetiT oria gamorCeuli. erTi maTgani dgas verana samsaris wm. giorgis XIV saukunis eklesiis siaxloves, sxva saflavis qvebs Soris (sur. 68). erTian qvaSi gamokveTili marTkuTxa darbazuli eklesiis modelis simaRle 42.5 sm-ia, sigrZe – 67 sm. mis sam fasadze kar-sarkmelTa aRmniSvneli Riobebis nacvlad gamokveTilia jvrebi (wreSi Cawerili an wris gareSe), koncentruli wreebi da spiralebi. erTi ganivi fasadi sruliad sadaa. SenobasTan mimsgavseba yvelaze metad vlindeba orferda `saxuravSi~, romelzec lorfinis imitaciaa datanili. meore saintereso saflavis qva (sur. 62) devs sof. ToriaSi mTis ferdze, dangreul eklesiasTan. darbazuli eklesiis models (simaRle 43 sm., sigrZe 74 sm.) imave qvaSi gamokveTili sakmaod maRali da grZeli postamenti aqvs (simaRle daaxloebiT 23 sm., sigrZe 121 sm), riTic is, savaraudod, ijda miwaSi. gansxvavebiT samsaris saflavis qvisgan, aq eklesiis saxe vlindeba ara mxolod mis zogad formasa da lorfinis gadaxurvaSi, aramed fasadebis gaformebaSic realuri eklesiis msgavsad: modelis samxreT fasadze SeWrilia karis marTkuTxa Riobi, dasavleT fasadze naCvenebia erTi wriuli sarkmeli, xolo aRmosavleTisaze sarkmlis zemoT wreSi Casmuli jvaria amokveTili. sxva SemTxvevebSi darbazuli eklesiebi, romlebic verZTa zurgzea aRmarTuli (sur. 69), moklebulia yovelgvar arqiteqturul- dekoratiul danawevrebas da wamoadgens gluv marTkuTxa bloks orferda saxuravis magvari zeda nawiliT. es `saxuravi~ an aseve sruliad sadaa, an kidev lorfinis saburvelis imitacias gviCvenebs.

SemorCenili saflavis qvebi mowmobs, rom Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi arsebobda maT damzadebaze specializirebul qvismTlelTa amqrebi. aseve arsebobda nimuSebi, romlebiTac saflavis qvis mTlelebi sargeblobdnen. aseTi nimuSebis mixedviT damzadebuli saflavis qvebi erTmaneTis msgavsia, Tumca araidenturi. amisi kargi magaliTebi Semoinaxa nasaxlar qildaSi. aq Zveli eklesiis mimdebare teritoriaze darCenilia erTmaneTis msgavsi saflavis ori qva (sur. 70, 71). taZris CrdiloeTiT mdgari modelis simaRlea 105 sm., sigrZe 52 sm., sigane 42 sm. meore, samxreTiT mdgari modelis simaRlea 101 sm., sigrZe 48 sm., sigane 39 sm. orsave SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia Cawerili jvris tipis pirobiTi taZari. jvris mklavebi, gansakuTrebiT grZiv waxnagebze, daudevrad da arqiteqturulad gaumarTavadaa gamoqandakebuli. eklesiis modelebi qvemoTken viwrovdeboda da qveda nawiliT garkveul siRrmeze miwaSi iyo Casuli. orsave modelze naCvenebia Sesasvleli kari, mrgvali sarkmlebi grexili lilviT gamoyvanili sapireebiT, fasadebze amokveTili jvrebi da lorfinis saxuravebi. modelebis daTariReba Znelia. verc is dgindeba, isini Tanadroulia Tu erTi ufro gviandelia da adrindels imeorebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi Zalian msgavsi saflavis qvebi teritoriulad erTmaneTs daSorebul adgilebSia mikvleuli. erTi idga qvemo qarTlSi, tbisis RmrTismSoblis eklesiis ezoSi94 (amJamad gadatanilia TbilisSi, saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis eTnografiul muzeumSi. sur. 61), xolo meore javaxeTSi, sofel orjalaris Zveli qarTuli naeklesiaris teritoriaze dgas saflavis sxva qvebTan erTad (sur. 72). orive warmoadgens verZis qandakebas zurgze dadgmuli Tavisufali jvris tipis taZris modeliT. orive modelis mklavebsa da gum

94 r. kekeliZe am saflavis qvis Seqmnis periodad XI-XII saukuneebs varaudobs (r. kekeliZe, saflavis qvebi algeTis xeobidan, gv. 29-30, sur. gv. 30).

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baTebze naCvenebia lorfinis saxuravi. orivegan samxreT mklavSi marTkuTxa karia, dasavleT mklavSi – sarkmeli (tbisSi – vertikalurad wagrZelebuli, orjalariSi – wriuli). zarzmis monastris ezoSi95 galavanze Semodgmulia gumbaTiani eklesiis modeli, romlis Tavdapirveli warmomavloba da funqcia ucnobia (sur. 73). SesaZloa masac memorialuri daniSnuleba hqonda. modeli sakmaod maRalia, darCenilia misi qveda korpusi da gumbaTis yeli, xolo TviT gumbaTi motexilia (amJamindeli simaRle 118 sm.). modeli, savaraudod, XIV saukuniT SeiZleba daTariRdes, rasac mowmobs am periodisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sapiriani sarkmlis zemoT gadanakecebiani (omegas tipis) TavsarTisa da kopebis gamoyeneba da aseve eklesiis ZiriTad korpussa da gumbaTis yelze SeWrili sarkmlebis muzaradisebri moxazuloba. am formis gaCena qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis repertuarSi, v. beriZis SeniSvniT, am periodidan `calkeuli islamuri elementebis SemoJonvas mowmobs~96 . zogadad saflavebisTvis Senobis formis gamoyeneba, ra Tqma unda, marto qarTuli sinamdvilisTvis ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli, jer kidev Zvel droSi sxvadasxva civilizaciebSi gvxvdeba saflavis Zeglebi Senobas mimsgavsebuli formiT, rac simbolurad ganasaxierebda im saxls, romelSic micvalebuli gadasaxlda da ganagrZobda cxovrebas. aseve, micvalebulis ferflis Sesanaxad keTdeboda specialuri urnebi, romelTac qoxis formas aZlevdnen (aseTi qoxi-urnebi mravladaa cnobili, magaliTad, etruskebis kulturaSi). am Zveli tradiciis gagrZelebas xedavs a. uvarovi qristianobaSic97 , rodesac saxli nel-nela eklesiam Caanacvla. eklesiis formis saflavis qvebi an eklesiaze miniSneba (Tundac mxolod gumbaTis saxiT) asaxavs fsalmuniseul sityvebs: `da samareni maTni saxli maTda iyvnen ukunisamde~ (fs. 48. 11)98 . aris eklesiis samganzomilebiani modelebis sxva daniSnulebiT gamoyenebis erTeuli SemTxvevebic. aseTi forma aqvs, magaliTad, safaris monastris samxreT nawilSi mowyobil wyaros (sur. 74). savaraudod, am wyaros mSeneblobaze unda iyos saubari XV saukunis lapidarul warweraSi, romelic dRes taZris interierSi, CrdiloeT kedelSia Casmuli: `q. wmidao saba, meox eyav sulsa ivanesa, ese wyaro a(Ra)Sena~99 . aq warmodgenilia darbazuli eklesiis modeli orferda saxuraviT. mis wina pirze datanilia muzaradisebri TaRi, romelic wawvetebul wverTan sam naskvs ikeTebs, grZiv fasadze ki naCvenebia ori wyvili sveti burTulebiani kapitelebiT da maT Soris Camokiduli mozrdili mtevniT (sur. 75). wyarosTvis eklesiis formis SerCeva SemTxveviTi namdvilad

95 zarzmis monasterSi, msgavsad udes yofili kaTolikuri eklesiis ezosi, sxvadasxva axlomdebare adgilebidan motanili qvebi alagia, maT Soris gumbaTiani eklesiis sami samganzomilebiani modeli. erTi maTgani – mcire zomis, gumbaTmotexili modeli (SemorCenili simaRle 23 sm., sigrZe 18 sm.) jer kidev 1988 wels devi berZeniSvils unaxavs da gadauRia, xolo aq samonastro cxovrebis aRdgenis Semdgom es qva galavanSi CauSenebiaT. 96 v. beriZe, samcxisxuroTmoZRvreba, gv. 186. 97 А. Уваров, Христианская символика, ч. 1, Символика древнехристианского периода, Москва, 1908, gv. 170-172. 98 А. Уваров, Христианская символика, gv. 171; e. nadiraZe, unikaluri Zeglebi, gv. 126. 99 Е. Такаишвили, Археологические экскурсии, розыскания и заметки, т. 1, 1905, gv. 102; v. beriZe, samcxis xuroTmoZRvreba, gv. 59, Sen. 2; v. silogava, samcxis lapidaruli warwerebi (zogadi mimoxilva), axalcixis da tao-klarjeTis eparqia, Tbilisi, 2013, gv. 133-134. warweris wakiTxva motanilia v. silogavas mixedviT.

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ar iyo. wyaro, rogorc simbolo suli wmindisa, macxovris, eklesiisa Tu uflis maradiuli cxovrebis momcemi ziarebisa, araerTxel meordeba rogorc Zveli aRTqmis (`Sengan arswyaro cxovrebisa da naTliTa SeniTa vixiloT Cven naTeli~ – fsalm. 35. 8; `aRmoivseT wyali mxiarulebiTa wyaroTagan cxorebisaTa~ – esaia 12. 3), ise axali aRTqmis teqstebSi, sadac Tavad ufali ambobs: `ukeTu visme swyurodis, movedin Cemda da suemdin~ (iovane 7. 37). ioanes gamocxadebaSi vkiTxulobT: `viqmenme anida hoe, dasabamida dasasruli. mewyurielsa mivscewyaroÁsamisganwylisacxovrelisausasyidlod~ (gamocx. 21. 6). samaritel qalTan saubrisas, miuTiTebs ra suli wmindaze, ieso ambobs: `yoveli romelisumideswylisa amisgan, swyurodiskualadca. xoloromelmansuaswylisamisgan, romelimemivscemas, arRara swyurodis ukunisamde, aramed wyali romeli me mivsce mas, iqmnes mis Soris wyaro wylis, romelividodiscxorebadsaukunod~ (ioane 4. 13-14). garda amisa, wyaros fasadze amokveTili yurZnis mtevani SeiZleba gavigoT, rogorc miniSneba wminda ziarebazec, maradiuli cxovrebis momcem aqtze, romelsac eklesiaSi misuli adamiani eziareba. amdenad, safaris monastris wyarosTan misul Sua saukuneebis adamians, garda fizikurad wyurvilis mokvlisa, misi naxvisas TvalsaCinod unda warmoedgina WeSmariti wyaro cxovrebisa, romelsac eklesiaSi ewafeba. am simboluri SinaarsiT unda yofiliyo nasazrdoebi xancTis monastris wyaros Tavze aSenebuli samlocveloc100 . daudgeneli funqciis samganzomilebiani modelia daculi baTumis arqeologiur muzeumSi (sur. 76). zepiri cnobiT, is wamoRebulia sofel kobalauridan101 , Tumca warmomavloba danamdvilebiT ver dgindeba. mcire zomis eklesiis modeli (17.5 × 11 sm.) gumbaTian taZars ganasaxierebda, amJamad gumbaTi motexili da dakargulia. nawilobriv aseve Camotexilia erTi fasadi. eklesiis oTxive fasadi reliefebiTaa Semkuli, maTgan samze adamianTa Zalian sqematuri figurebia mocemuli, xolo nawilobriv Camotexili fasadi geometriuli dekoriT iyo dafaruli. ori msxvili lilviT uswormasworod gamoyvanil TaRebSi Cawerili gamosaxulebebi warmogvidgens, savaraudod, amxedrebul wm. giorgis (sur. 77) da or istoriul pirs, romelTa identificireba warweris ararsebobis gamo SeuZlebelia. modelis Seqmnis savaraudo periodad mxatvrul-stilisturi analiziT XI saukune ganisazRvreba102 . srulad SemorCa Cawerili jvris tipis taZris modeli sakvirikes (borjomis municipaliteti) eklesiaSi (sur. 78). mas aklia mxolod gumbaTis wverSi Cadgmuli jvari, romelic, gamomdinare Casadgmeli Rrmulis siviwrovidan, albaT liTonisa unda yofiliyo. modelis zomebia: simaRle 89 sm., sigrZe 39 sm., sigane 34 sm. rvawaxnaga gumbaTis yelSi Sesabamisad rva sarkmelia mowyobili. maT zemoT gumbaTis yels mTel perimetrze texili karnizi gauyveba da saxuravs naxevradgaSlili qolgis forma aqvs. 910-920-ian wlebSi xuroTmoZRvar amonas mier xanZTis mTavari taZris mSeneblobisas pirvelad gamoyenebuli es forma maleve gaxda misabaZi nimuSi jer klarjeTSi (opiza), Semdeg samxreT saqarTvelos sxva mxareebSi (oSkis taZris samxreTi galerea, gogiuba) da X saukunis miwurulidan ukve mTel saqarTveloSic

100 am samlocvelos Sesaxeb: W. Djobadze, Early Medieval Georgian Monasteries in Historic Tao, Klarjet‘i and Šavšet‘i, Stuttgart, 1992, gv. 25-26, sur. 4, tab. 37. 101 n. CakvetaZe, taZris modeli kobalauridan (xelnaweri). 102 iqve.

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(boWorma, kacxi, manglisi)103 . am formis gavrcelebaze aseve metyvelebs X saukunis meore naxevris saqtitoro reliefebi axalcixidan da fetobnidan. Tavad taZrebi ar SemorCa da, amdenad, maTi arqiteqturuli gadawyveta ucnobia, Tumca reliefebze warmodgenil modelebze naCvenebi texili karnizi realuri taZrebis arqiteqturul Tvisebas unda asaxavdes (am reliefTa Sesaxeb ix. Sesabamisi Tavi amave krebulSi). am arqiteqturul-dekoratiuli motivis gamoyenebis safuZvelze vfiqrob, sakvirikes modelis Seqmnis TariRi XI saukune unda iyos. sakvirikes monastris axlomaxlo msgavsi gadaxurvis mqone Senoba araa cnobili (yovel SemTxvevaSi Cvenamde ar mouRwevia) da amdenad Znelia iTqvas, riT iyo STagonebuli modelis Semqmneli ostati. is ki cxadia, rom modelis arqiteqturul saxes aranairi kavSiri ar aqvs sakvirikes samnawilian bazilikasTan. Znelia modelis funqciis gansazRvra, iyo is akroterioni Tu saflavis qva. amrigad, samganzomilebiani modelebi, romlebic dRemde SemogvrCa (iqneba es saflavis qvebi, akroterionebi Tu sxva funqciisTvis gamoyenebuli mcire arqiteqturuli formebi) ar asaxavs da ar imeorebs romelime konkretuli taZris xuroTmoZRvrebas. gamonaklisia mxolod ori modeli – erTi nikorwmindidan (ix. Sesabamisi Tavi amave wignSi) da meore, romelic asaxavs sveticxovlis sakaTedro taZars (sur. 79). es ukanaskneli saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis s. janaSias sax. saqarTvelos muzeumSia daculi (sainv. #669)104 . misi warmomavloba da funqcia ucnobia105 . modeli gumbaTis gareSea da, rogorc Cans, gumbaTi mas arc arasodes hqonia, radgan Sesabamisi zedapiri erTianad mosworebulia da aranairi kvali masze gumbaTis damagrebisa ar Cans. modelis simaRlea 40 sm., sigrZe – 50 sm., sigane – 26 sm. sveticxovlis modeli uCveuloa Tavisi safasado damuSavebiT. CrdiloeTi fasadi sruliad sadaa (SesaZloa is daumTavrebelic kia). aRmosavleT fasadze, centrSi erTi didi samkuTxa niSaa SeWrili, ZirSi kibisebri safexurebiT, xolo zeda nawilSi sami marTkuTxasapiriani sarkmelia datanili (sur. 80). amgvari gadawyveta Soreulad Tu mogvagonebs realuri taZris xuTTaRediTa da ori niSiT gaformebul aRmosavleT fasads. msgavsi elementebia mxolod sami sarkmeli fasadis zeda nawilSi (taZris fasadze isini naxevarwriul CarCoSia Casmuli) da niSa dasafexurebuli ZiriT. amdenad modelis Semqmnelma nebismierad SearCia sveticxovlis aRmosavleTi fasadis elementebi da maTi Tavisufali komponirebiT `mibaZa~ prototips. modelis dasavleTi nawili imeorebs realuri taZris safexurovan moculobiT danawevrebas, 1813 wels saqarTvelos pirveli egzarxosis varlamis mier aRdgenili dasavleTi karibWis CaTvliT. dasavleTi mklavis fasadze modelis Semqmnelma moniSna didi TaRovani niSa ormaglilviani sapiriT. is, rogorc Cans miTiTebaa im rTul dekoratiul kompoziciaze, romelic sveticxovlis dasavleTi sarkmlis garSemo viTardeba. modelis samxreTi fasadi yvelaze meti sizustiT miuyveba taZris safasado danawevrebas, Tumca proporciuli Tanafardoba safasado dekoris elementebs Soris arc aqaa daculi (sur. 81). qvis modelis mcire zomis gamo mis Semqmnel ostats mouwia uari eTqva intensi

103 v. beriZe, kacxis taZari, qarTulixelovneba, t. 3, 1950, gv. 77-79. 104 d. TumaniSvili, n. nacvliSvili, d. xoStaria, mSenebeliostatebiSuasaukuneebissaqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 2012, gv. 143, sur. 115-116. 105 samuzeumo davTris mixedviT, modeli muzeumSi miRebulia vinme k. g. geraskinisgan.

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urad danawevrebuli fasadis calkeuli detalebis Cvenebaze. Tumca, es ugulebelyofili elementebi imdenad pataraa, rom saerTo aRqmaSi ar tovebs ukmarisobis gancdas. taZris aRmosavleTi mklavis samxreT fasadze, zemoT gayolebuli xuTi TaRidan modelis ostatma maTTvis gankuTvnil areze mxolod sami datia. fasadis aRmosavleT nawilSi, qvemoT gamoyvanil sam Tanabari simaRlis dekoratiul TaRs modelze erTi daaklda, Tumca darCenil or TaRSi modelis ostatma gaimeora taZris iseTi specifikuri detalic ki, rogoricaa sxvadasxva simaRleze gaWrili sarkmlebi. fasadis dasavleT nawilSi, mklavTaSorisi ubis samxreT kedelze gadayvanili ori Tanabari simaRlis TaRidan da maT Soris gaWrili viwro niSidan modelze mxolod erTi TaRi da niSa gamokveTa. modelze aseve araa naCvenebi samyuraTaRebiani niSebi Sua didi TaRis aqeT-iqiT, oTxi mcire wriuli sarkmeli dasavleTi mklavis samxreT kedelze (TaRebis zemoT) da zogi sxva detali. sxva mxriv, samxreTi fasadis arqiteqturul-dekoratiuli gaformeba srulad miyveba dRevandeli saxiT moRweul sveticxovlis taZrisas, oRond, bunebrivia, CuqurTmebis gareSe. miuxedavad modelis mcire dazianebebisa, mainc gairCeva centraluri maRali TaRis kompozicia: TaRis zemoT, frontonis wverSi gaWrili wriuli sarkmeli, TaRis zeda nawilSi Cawerili gadanakecebiani TavsarTi, mis qvemoT maRali sarkmeli TaRovani sapireTi da ufro qvemoT SedarebiT momcro ori sarkmeli marTkuTxa sapireebiT. modelis ostati iseT specifikur mcire detalsac ki gadmogvcems, rogoricaa samxreTi fasadis ganapira dasavleTi sarkmlis sapiris saxasiaTo agebuleba: mis ornamentul CarCos qveda bortze marTkuTxa Camonazardi aqvs, romelic kveTs sapires Semomwer ormag lilvs. modelze am Camonazards imave zomis CaWrili marTkuTxedi Seesabameba, rac realuri sarkmlis sapiris gadawyvetis aSkara anareklia. modelis Seqmnis miznis Sesaxeb saubari rTulia, radganac aranairi informacia mis Sesaxeb ar gagvaCnia. danamdvilebiT SeiZleba Tqma, rom is ar iyo gamiznuli taZris kexze dasadgmelad. aseve mas ar eqneboda memorialuri datvirTva. amdenad, daniSnulebis sakiTxi pasuxgaucemeli rCeba. aris meore kiTxvac – rodis Seiqmna is. sveticxovlis modelis sagangebo kvleva arasodes Catarebula. zogadad mas XVII saukunes akuTvneben. saguldagulo dakvirvebas gansxvavebul TariRTan mivyevarT. xelmosaWid elementad gvevlineba modelis samxreTi fasadis monakveTi Sesasvlelis zemoT. aq fasads Sua nawilze gauyveba msxvili horizontaluri sartyeli, romelic fasadis kideSi iwyeba da centralur TaRamde midis. am sartylis qvemoT naCvenebia TaRovani niSa (marcxniv) kari TaRovani moCarCoebiT. fasadis amgvari danawevreba zustad imeorebs realur mdgomareobas (sur. 82), romelic 1830-iani wlebidan rusi egzarqosebis dakveTiT warmoebuli saremonto samuSaoebis Sedegia.

XIX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis sveticxovlis taZari mouvlelobis gamo mZime mdgomareobaSi iyo. dazianebuli gadaxurvidan interierSi wyali Cadioda da kedlebs azianebda. 1837 wels sinodalurma kantoram gadawyvita sam weliwadSi ganxorcielebuliyo taZris aRdgena-ganaxleba106 , rac sxva samuSaoebTan erTad gulisxmobda taZris CrdiloeTi da samxreTi ekvderebis daSlasac. samuSaoebis warmoeba daevala vinme xeCo darCilovs, romelmac mis mier aRebuli valdebulebebi Sesaferisad ver Seasrula da samuSaoebma sam

106 А. Натроев, Мцхет и его собор Свэти-Цховели, Тифлис, 1901, gv. 232.

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