THE DOLPHIN MAGAZINE VOL.59 NO.1 OCTOBER 2019 by The Dolphin

TABLE OF

CONTENTS The dolphin•october 2019

feature

1 Editor’s Note 2 tourism

An Unforgotten Cerulean Water

food Scrumptiously Ilonggo

health A Nuisance’s Silent Spate

devcom Iloilo City: Where The Past Meets the Present

devcom Reeling Ilonggos Through Motion Picture

interview Floring’s Carinderia: The Home of the Native Chicken Adobo

About the

cover The deep roots of our past signify the rich treasures of growth and life. It digs deeper and deeper where the core blooms. Memories to look back and tales that utter the product of today are the springboard for our existence. A foundation where the past and present coexist to produce a trail where the majority can be inspired and a track where one can look far beyond and reach the highest peak of success. Our origin mirrors the legacy we leave and live on to. We are bounded to reminisce its glorious life lessons and to uphold the triumph we have achieve along the way. Model (front cover) Model (back cover) Photographer Production Crew

Captain Julio B. Lubas Aljon Flores Eduardo Atong Jayland Singuillo Mark Joseph Alovera Vincent Jay Vigo, Lowenn John Seloterio, Bryan Holzknecht Anjo Tuboc Niño Maldecir Ja shem Bardies Julius Caesar Alfaras Franzesca Mari Bautista John Rovic Lopez Anthony Ken Bucasas

interview Espading: Sweetened Catastrophe

DEVCOM Merged Reality

COVER STORY Tales of Legacy: The story of a True-Blooded

CULTURE Beating Historical Rhythms Filipino

makataong kawilihan Hoskyn’s: Marka ng Masiglang Merkado

SINING Tatú: Tatak ng Pagkakakilanlan

KULTURA Tinig at Salita: Hudyat sa Panibagong Yugto

SINING Himig ng Awitin, Bakas ang kasaysayan ng sining

makataong kawilihan Kwento ng Kayamanang Ipinamana

teknolohiya Litratong Guhit sa Naunang Imbensyon ng Kamera

sea experience That thing called, Layp on Bhord (Buhay sa Barko)

48 across the miles

Editor’s Note: MDPn. AnJo D. TUBoC Editor-in-Chief MDPn. loWEEn JoHn H. SEloTERio associate Editor MDPn. BRYAn l. HolZKnECHT Managing Editor MDPn. JASHEM A. BARDiES MDPn. AnTHonY KEn J. BUCASAS news Editor MDPn. niÑo B. MAlDECiR MDPWn. fRAnZESCA MARi B. BAUTiSTA Feature Editor MDPn. JoHn RoViC T. loPEZ Literary Editor MDPn. JUliUS CAESAR P. AlfARAS Filipino Editor MDPn. JAYlAnD E. SinGUillo MDPn. MARK JoSEPH D. AloVERA photojournalist MDPn. VinCEnT JAY A. ViGo Cartoonist MR. MiCHAEl VinCEnT A. EViDEnTE saC publication/adviser

Preserving the Past Our history is a force, a vector that comes from the past but continue through the present and to the future. By studying the past we learn how and why people lived as they did throughout the world and the changes and causes of such changes that occurred within these time frame. History isn’t important because it’s deemed to be repeated but to understand where we go into the future, and to understand what’s needed, one needs to have a foundation of the past. We study the past to acquire a broader and richer understanding of our world today and our place in it. From the earliest times before the coming of the Spaniards up to this contemporary world, we have ventured to bring you stories of “Origins” - this semester’s theme. These are articles that tell stories of how our past continues to affect our daily existence. These features are rooted in the fundamentals of our past, how people coped and survived the hard times. To our devoted readers, beloved individuals, fellow Lacsonians and the whole Lacsonian community, may the stories we have developed inspire you to start knowing your past and live better in the present. May you use this magazine as your motivation and steer you in your lives and not head covers during rainy times or “pamaypay” on hot and sweaty days. You may not always have a comfortable life and you will not always be able to solve all of the world’s problems at once but don’t ever underestimate the importance you can have because history has shown us that courage can be contagious and hope can take on a life of its own. - Michelle Obama

CAPT. AlfRED G. ESPinoSA, Ph. D. administrator/DQMR

EDiToRiAl PoliCY: The Dolphin is published once or twice every semester by the Publication Office of John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime UniversityArevalo, Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo, Iloilo City. Publications are carried online at http://www.arevalo.jblfmu.edu. ph. Articles contained herein are personal views of the writers and do not necessarily reflect official thought or endorsement. These are published to stimulate ideas and provide an open forum for discussion. The Dolphin accepts original articles from students, faculty, staff and department heads. We also solicit comments regarding our issues. All contributions must be submitted to the Publication Office, legibly written, with generous space and margin. You may also e-mail them to thedolphinarevalo@gmail.com. All articles contained herein are considered property of the Publication Office. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or published without prior permission from The Dolphin or the school administration.

Mpdn. Anjo D. Tuboc

ACKnoWlEDGEMEnTS: Dr. Ronald Raymond L. Sebastian Capt. Alfred G. Espinosa, Ph. D. Mrs. Rohena Z. Miranda Mr. Omar E. Gelpe Mrs. Karen Gayanilo Mr. Rodjie G. Tabigo-On Ms. Geri Meg E. Gelpe Iloilo Public Library Guimbal Tourism Oﬃce Mrs. Eden Gilpo Mr.Charles Songcayawon Mr.Jovenel Magno Hon. Capt. Francisco Baladjay Municipality Of Laua-An Dr. Roderick Germo AB Angelo Casañare D/C Keem Cathlene Tugublimas D/C Lawrence Van Intoy Ma’am Daniella Caro Cinematheque Center Iloilo Ma’am Ma. Gina Palmares

Passi Tourism Oﬃce Mr. Reynold Guillergan Mr. Remy Guillergan Ms. Myrna C. Dejando Ma’am Leoviña “Diday” Valeña Bugang River Community Based Eco-Tourism Organization (BCBTO) Malumpati Health Spring Resort Miss Shera Ebon Maam Lallaine Rodique Maam Michelle Novilla Municipality Of Pandan, Antique Iloilo City Development Oﬃce Panorama Printing, Inc. Capt. Julio B. Lubas 2/M Venerando C. Lamasan, Ph. D. 2/M Jerry A. Alingalan 2/M Nicolas M. Tuares Mrs. Ma. Elena S. Francisco Mr. Jose Roni SJ Peñalosa Miss Grace Estancia

fEATURE | TOURisM

An Unforgotten Cerulean Water wriTTen by MDPN. JASHEM A. BARDIES and MDPN. LOWEEN JOHN H. SELOTERIO PHOTOS by MDPN. JAYLAND E. SINGUILLO

alumpati, a famously known health spring and tourist resort popular for its eco-tourism destinations offering a cold-spring pools in a tropical forests. The resort is situated in Pandan, Antique and operates daily between 7:30am to 4:00pm.

Echoed in the row-by-row bodies of trees of greater heights is the quiet splashing` of water stretching from the lungs of natural conception where clouds meet the tip of her hair. In the birds eye is an incredible aesthetic carved by the origin. A flawless mirror of environmental evolution and deep within is an immeasurable mystery. “Malumpat ang Ati” that is how they fashioned when asked of Malumpati’s origin. ‘Atis’ is one of the indigenous people of Panay Island. Based on local stories, the atis used to take a bath and jump in the clean and crystal clear blue water of Malumpati. Along the way to Pandan, we were accompanied by towering mountains of Antique while the bus is dancing cautiously in steep and sloping roads. The flashes of waves are audible enough while the wandering sea breeze whirls slowly along our observing face. Adding to the enthusiasm of traveling adrenaline was the moist spelled out in the window

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

where heavy rains outrageously slap. From Pandan terminal, we arranged a tricycle adventure to Malumpati for Php 250. Amazed by the scenery positioned in front of us, we met one of the first residents of Malumpati. Nanay Diday brought us back to 1973 and most certainly allowed our minds to freeze for a while as to the first day she laid her eyes and indulged in the cold Malumpati spring. Her family was the first to settle just a few meters from the present Malumpati Health Spring in 1976. As she leaned her arms towards the wooden window of her old house, she could clearly remember how beautiful this place was. It was like a paradise of engagement. One can walk barefooted in the grass while the floras and faunas, as well as those large sharp rocks, are enjoying the symphony as mother nature sang. She was an eyewitness to the changes in the river ambiance and physical formation. In 1983, the diving site was erected. In 1992, cottages were

established. The color and coldness of the water are just the same since then. After listening to reminiscing stories of the folks, we go for a trek for 300 Pesos, one of the activities in Malumpati. The tour guide provided by Bugang Community Based Eco-Tourism Organization (BCTMO) introduced us to sceneries of nature that seem to have their free mutual connection. The river was noticeably blue along the way and the trekkers are advised to wear protective footwear since the journey includes crossing creeks, stepping over rocks of sharp edges and fallen branches. The first stop was an open area where one could have a nice human drone shot from a heart-shaped stone structure. The heart shape signifies that the trek is approaching the blue lagoon, the heart of the river. The next stop of our trek was the blue lagoon. From here, only the sounds of rushing winds tiptoeing in the leaves were perceptible. The sound of the water has an invigorating idea of solitude as it flows forcedly towards the river. Our main destination was to see the headspring, the origin of the water flowing through Malumpati Cold Spring

and the Bugang River. To shelter from destructions, natural high and pointed rocks walled the area with trees of untraced oldness sought to fill our eyes with serenity. The water in the headspring is potable and we didn’t lose the chance to pack our thirst by tasting the natural water. Bugang River extends into the villages of Guia, Sto. Rosario, Zaldivar, Candari and Mag-aba. For accommodation, you have an option if you want to just stay for the day or an overnight stay to have a complete experience of the spring. Depending on the size, cottages for day tour varies from Php200 to Php500. You can also camp for free if you opt to bring your own tent. For overnight stays, there are huts or rooms good for 4 persons ranging between Php1200 to Php1800. Aside from simply swimming in its pristine cool waters, you can enjoy your water tubing experience for only Php220 per head. The fee already includes a guide and safety gears such as life-vest, helmet and tube. Water tubing will allow you to merge into the water by cruising the river through the current until you reached the swimming area.

SERENE. A place of peace and relaxation.

The local government through the Bugang Community Based EcoTourism Organization (BCTMO) conducts information drives regarding the river preservation as well as monthly cleanups of the river. They also campaigned for the prohibition of maintaining pigpens along the riverside and swimming at the river’s headspring. Malumpati could offer a wholesome experience like no other and an adventure of successful and vast wildlife trek away from the tiring crowds of urban. It breeds a strong casing of history and places ready to unbuckle your venturous self. Truly it was a creation of another intensified blessing. A one of a kind experience will be achieved whether you like it or you love it. A true natural treasure shield with natural and unrealized metaphor in the beautiful imprisonment of incidents, feelings and words with some blends of hidden paradoxes are what this paradise has been facing. Knowing that it must be supported with an extreme degree of sensitivity and assurance as for others it was scenery but for most, it is a source, the origin of the line.

BENEFITS OF SWIMMING IN COLD WATER Boosts your immune system Cold water helps increase the white blood cell count because the body is forced to react to changing conditions Boosts your endorphins Swimmers who take the plunge in cold water emerge feeling energized because of the shock. Boosts circulation Cold water causes the blood to rush to the internal organs, working your heart like a pump. Burns more calories The body will burn more calories because the heart needs to beat faster and work harder to keep your body warm. Reduces stress Swimming in cold water is such a shock to the system that you may find yourself thinking about little else. Source: http://www.swimoutlet.com/guides/ health-benefits-of-swimming-in-cold-water Source: https://www.lifehack.org/288238/6amazing-health-benefits-cold-water-swimming

CRYSTAL. A clear dive in clean blue water.

ABODE. Where human and nature connects.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

fEATURE | FOOD

Scrumptiously ilonggo wriTTen by MDPWN. FRANZESCA MARI B. BAUTISTA PHOTOS by MDPN. MARK JOSEPH D. ALOVERA

“T

he taste of batchoy is the taste of home,” says Mrs. Bautista, an Ilongga who now lives in Tarlac.

The famous Ilonggo specialty originated in La Paz. There are currently 3 stores that are well-known for serving the “original” La Paz batchoy-- Deco’s, Ted’s and Netong’s-- all of which claim to be the inventor of the recipe. The Original Deco’s, which was established by Federico Guillergan Sr. in 1938, is regarded as the origin and father of all batchoy. Although Netong’s started in 1948, 3 years later than Ted’s and 10 years later than Deco’s, they still claim that Leonito “Netong” Guillergan innovated the recipe for batchoy. In fact, it is popularly believed by the Ilonggos that batchoy was created by the Guillergan brothers. Whether it be by Netong or Deco is still unverified. Ted’s, on the other hand, is responsible for the widespread popularity

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

of La Paz batchoy. It established branches in the whole Philippines, making batchoy a well-known Ilonggo cuisine. According to an interview with Kusina Master, Adelfa Lepura Borro said that her father, Teoderico “Ted” Lepura, started his business using 10 pesos as capital. Being an errand boy for a Chinese restaurant, Ted created his version of batchoy through observation. Uncelebrated Founder However, this claim was contradicted by Reynold Guillergan, the current owner of Inggo’s batchoy. Mr. Guillergan said that Ted was an errand boy of Domingo Lozada, the founder of Inggo’s. Furthermore, he says that Inggo’s was established in 1921, beating Deco’s by 17 years. Contrary to popular belief, Tatay Inggo was not related to Netong and Deco. He was the father-in-law of

their brother. This was later on verified by Reynold, the grandson of Inggo, and Remy Guillergan, the son and current owner of Deco’s. According to Reynold, the idea of batchoy sparked from “bas-oy” or meatballs dipped in homemade sauce. Twenty-one-year-old Domingo started selling his batchoy on the sidewalk of Luna Street in La Paz, then later on moved to La Paz Market. This story earned them the outstanding pioneer award for food products given by the Iloilo Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Real Estate Builders and Subdivision Owners Association in 1984 Test of Time “I started eating here when I was 12. I’m now 72,” says Mr. Jamora, a loyal customer of Deco’s. The story of batchoy’s origins has many variants. Depending on the source, it may be derived from the word “bac qui” (shredded meat), or “bas oy”.

In most stories, the influence of the Chinese are very apparent, hence miki noodles were used. However, other sources state that the dish was only a Filipino variant of Chinese noodle soup. Nonetheless, batchoy survived the test of time because it was catered to Filipinos’ tastes — it’s umami flavor made customers crave for it endlessly. “Tikman niyo na lang. Kahit bago lang yan kung di naman masarap, wala rin. Basta sakin, pag may nagsabi na masarap batchoy ko, proud ako.” (Just taste it. Even if it’s newly established if it’s not tasty then it won’t succeed. As long as people find my batchoy tasty, then that would make me proud) Remy Guillergan said. Although there is no definite story as to how La Paz batchoy was invented, it remains as a trademark for Ilonggo cuisine. The aforementioned dish is now available in the form of instant noodles. Other food concoctions include the Buko batchoy in Mandurriao, Japanese-style

Miso batchoy, and Batchoy Tagalog from Luzon. The original La Paz batchoy is also available in various parts of the Philippines, with franchises of Deco’s and Ted’s reaching Manila, Bacolod, Cebu, etc. Taste of Home A heaping bowl of miki noodles submerged in hot broth, topped with chives, fried garlic, chicharon, pork, pork liver and intestines would be the perfect comfort food on a rainy afternoon. However, batchoy is not only a dish. It is a reflection of Ilonggo culture — perseverance, creativity and resiliency. Any native who grew up eating it in the market, craved for it as a meryienda, and had asked for 3 heaping bowls of unlimited caldo (soup) would be reminded of his/her childhood. Besides filling the stomach with its scrumptious flavor, this Ilonggo gem also fulfills the heart with memories of home.

HOW TO COOK BATCHOY INSTRUCTIONS • Boil water in a cooking pot. • Put-in salt, sugar, onion powder, ground black pepper, and shrimp paste. Cook for a minute. • Add the pork and cook until tender (about 30 to 45 minutes) • Put-in the intestines and liver, and then cook for 6 to 10 minutes. • Remove the pork, liver, and intestine from the broth (caldo). Set aside. • Slice the pork into strips. • Arranged the cooked miki noodles in a single serving bowl. • Place the strips of pork, liver, and intestine on top of the miki noodles. • Pour the broth in the bowl, and then garnish with spring onions and toasted garlic. • Serve hot. Share and enjoy! Source: https://panlasangpinoy.com/batchoy/

RESULT. The end product of preparation and cooking.

ARM’S REACH. We can now taste it nearby.

MODERN. An upgrade of the past to meet up with society.

ACHIEVEMENT. An award given for the years of being the spear header.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

PHOTOS SOurce: www.agric.wa.gOv.au

fEATURE | HEaLTH

A nuisance’s Silent Spate wriTTen by MDPN. JULIUS CAESAR P. ALFARAS and MDPN. ANJO D. TUBOC

t was a thirsty and sweaty experience among everyone each summer days− some enjoys the warmth breathe of all-day sun, yet a refreshing air in a shed of trees or maybe a soothing damp air vomited by an air-conditioned ediﬁces were the escaping place for those people who love cold atmosphere than a little bit warmer. Nobody noticed the invasive sneaks of this culprit, which carry an alarming outbreaks until some of its traces have been caught on guard, not into a house or inside a building but inside the human’s body− a contiguous disease caused by a virus. But how can it be isolated if the traces of this disease could be also the reason for its fast transmission of the virus among humans? Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is typically the most common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease, which can also cause illnesses in the United States. Likewise, Enterovirus 71(EV71) has also been associated with cases and outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease, mostly in children in East and Southeast Asia. Less often, EV71 has been associated with severe diseases,

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

such as encephalitis. Several types of enterovirus may be identified in outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease, but most of the time, only one or two enteroviruses are identified. As a matter of factly, HFMD is caused by two viruses, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16). Hand-footmouth disease is a common viral infection that most often begins in the throat. This disease is named after the blisters it causes on these body parts and is common to infants and children younger than five

years of age and older children and adults. HFMD often misinterpreted as footand-mouth-diseases or FMD, which is way too different from each other. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), FMD also called hoof-and-mouth-disease, a condition affects cattle, sheep, and swine. Humans do not get the animal disease, and animals do not get human disease. HFMD is caused by viruses that belong to the Enterovirus genus (group), which includes polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and other enteroviruses. Two coxsackievirus serotypes cause most of the clinically recognized diseases, usually in infants and kids. These are A and B, which are the most common types of virus. Type A viruses cause herpangina or sores in the throat and hand, foot, and mouth diseases such as painful blisters in the mouth, and small tender lesions on

PHOTOS source: jolygram.com

PHOTOS source: en.wikipedia.org

the palms of hands and bottom of the feet among children. It goes away on its own but can cause complications if the child canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t drink or eat because of the pain. Type A virus also causes herpangina, blisters on the tonsils and soft palate, which presents as a sore throat. On the other hand, type B virus causes frequently during summer outbreaks of fever and spasms of the abdominal and chest muscles or pleurodynia. Moreover, subtypes of type A and B can cause more severe symptoms, including meningitis or the inflammation of the spinal cord and brain. In some places around the globe, it is more common for people to get HFMD during summer and autumn season, when the air is dry and warm, a perfect place for this certain virus to spur. It causes fever, mouth sores, and skin rashes, particularly in hands and feet. Consequently, HFMD outbreak is said to be contagious at its first week on the onset of its symptoms such as poor appetite, sore throat, feeling unwell, painful mouth sores that usually begin as flat red spots and rash of flat red spots that may blister on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and sometimes the knees, elbows, buttocks, and or genital area. It causes fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain and may require the infected person to be hospitalized for a few days. These symptoms usually appear in stages, not all at once. However, some people may show no symptoms at all, but they can still pass the virus to others. It is alarming that the virus, which c auses HFMD can be found in an infected personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nose and throat secretions such as saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus, blister fluid, feces (poop). You might be exposed to the viruses that cause HFMD through close personal contact, such as hugging an infected person or sometimes in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, contact with feces, such as changing diapers of an infected person, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed bare hands. Even though HDFM might be contagious among children and could spread easily, WHO addressed that this disease is not as critical and dangerous as compared to other epidemic outbreaks. Yet, there is still no vaccine was ever been made for this disease. Thus, it DELINEATE. Signs of having a Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

DROOLING. Symptom of an animal with HFMD

has prompted concerns that, without intervention, the public health impact and spread of the disease will continue to intensify. However, there are some remedies to ease the pain and itchiness caused by the disease. This is why people should always try to maintain good hygiene, such as practicing proper and frequent hand-wash to minimize the chance of spreading or getting infections. It could be done successfully by washing the hands often, especially before eating. If soap and water aren’t available, clean your hands with hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol. Don’t touch the eyes with bare hands, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing. Also, try to avoid close contact, such as kissing, hugging, or sharing utensils when eating or with people who are sick. Although, if a person already has the symptoms of HFMD, he or she must take over-the-counter medications to relieve pain and fever such as pain killers and aspirin. However, children should never

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

PHOTOS SOurce: www.agric.wa.gOv.au

HFMD HOME REMEDIES

take those. Then, use mouthwashes or sprays that numb mouth pain, drink plenty of liquids to stay hydrated and seek for medical care if you are unsure if you have HFMD or you cannot swallow liquids and stay hydrated. And avoid skin contact with other people while sick. Nevertheless, the most effective if

Certain foods and beverages may irritate blisters on the tongue or in the mouth or throat. Try these tips to help make blister soreness less bothersome and eating and drinking more tolerable: • Suck on ice pops or ice chips. • Eat ice cream or sherbet. • Drink cold beverages, such as milk or ice water. • Avoid acidic foods and beverages, such as citrus fruits, fruit drinks and soda. • Avoid salty or spicy foods. • Eat soft foods that don’t require much chewing. • Rinse your mouth with warm water after meals. • Getting rest. • If needed, taking over-the-counter pain relievers other than aspirin, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen in an age and weight-appropriate form and dosage. But they’re not necessary for low-grade fevers and will do nothing to hasten the resolution of your child’s condition. • Using mouthwash or oral spray to numb pain. Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease/diagnosistreatment/drc-20353041

not the complete solution of getting away from the outbreak of HFMD throughout the world is to sharpen the awareness of every individual, putting into mind that through simple ways of maintaining a proper hygiene could be a tight defence to assess the possible risks to our health caused by this contagious disease.

PHOTOS SOurce: www.farmbiOSecuriTy.cOm.au

fEATURE | DEVCOM

PHOTOS SOurce: bluePrinT.Onemega.cOm

iloilo City: Where the Past Meets the Present wriTTen by MDPN. ANJO D. TUBOC PHOTOS by ILOILO CITY DEVELOPMENT OFFICE

loilo City can be deemed as a virtual time machine that will direct anybody back to its frontier past. The city’s heritage houses and structures are undoubtedly treasures worth keeping as they bring splendor to the local folks and tourists. They are not just manifestation of the city’s rich cultural inheritance but are assets worth maintaining. However, the community found them of no use as they are busy struggling to put nourishment on their tables and provide the basic needs of their family. The community treated them as insignificant as folks pay no attention to its beauty and value. Shopping centers popped out in different spots of the city and gradually outshine the grandeur of its colonial buildings. As a response to the issue, the local government has devised a strategic plan which aims to conserve the city’s heritage buildings in an attempt to thrust economic development through tourism and also improve business activities along the central business district of Iloilo City. THE PAST In 1855, the port of Iloilo was opened to the world trade. In this case, Iloilo’s industry and agriculture were put on direct access to foreign markets. During the 19th century, the sugar industry was

developed and triggered the economic boom of Iloilo. This gave birth to Iloilo City to be called the Queen City of the South. Institutions and establishments were built which are mostly found in the Central Business District and became not just a representation of richness but are evidence to the dominance of Iloilo when it comes to economic, industrial, educational and cultural aspects. Indeed, even outside of the business locale, numerous folks talk about Iloilo City’s prosperous history. The popular Jaro cathedral, as well as the different churches in the city, displays the engineering prowess of the Spanish colonizers. The numerous Catholic schools who were opened up during the Spanish era which up to this date, still molds the minds of the youth. The Camiña Balay na Bato and other decade-old houses that exhibits the unique blend of Spanish and Asian design. However, with the decline of the sugar industry in the city and the Japanese

invasion, it doomed the city’s economy and even left some of the structures of the city in ruins. Sadly, nothing can be done to rebuild nor restore those that were destroyed by the bombs and have been neglected by the people while those that are left unscathed needs to be taken with another look. RESTORING THE PAST The buildings that are left are pieces of evidence of how rich our cultural past, starting from the Spanish colonial era until the end of the Japanese colonization. These are unquestionably a source of pride for every Ilonggo as these are symbols of struggles and perseverance of Ilonggo people through the times. Recognizing this, the Iloilo City Government created the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council (ICCHCC) by enacting in April 2000 Ordinance No. 00-054 otherwise known as the Local Cultural Heritage Conservation Ordinance. This council serves as the government body which is responsible for heritage conservation and promotion. Through this, the splendor of each cultural structures, especially those located at the Central Business District, will be restored and as

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

NEGLECTED. The past appearance of the building before the renovation.

well the local government will be provided with suﬃcient income from tourism. PRESERVING THE PRIDE The ICCHCC is in charge of the proclamation and implementation of the Implementing Rules and Regulations for the Downtown Central Business District (CBD) Heritage Zone, as coordinated by Executive Order No. 46, Series of 2009, marked by then-City Mayor Jerry P. Treñas. This is in pursuant of Iloilo City Regulation Ordinance No. 00-054, as revised, also called the “Local Heritage Conservation Ordinance of Iloilo City”, that was passed by the Sangguniang Panlungsod of the City of Iloilo all together “to conserve cultural heritage and legacy buildings in the City of Iloilo” through the formation of the ICCHCC. The main target of this conservation effort is the Central Business District, which consists of the streets of J. M. Basa, Aldeguer, Mapa, Guanco and Iznart. Declared as the Iloilo City Heritage Zone, the area is home to Art Deco-styled

UNBLEMISHED. The building stand anew after it underwent restoration.

commercial buildings built during the 1920s up to the 1950s. The ICCHCC was made by a gathering of residents longing to halt the continuing rot of heritage structures and the decay of cultural appreciation among the adolescent, back in the years during the term of previous City Mayor Mansueto A. Malabor. Through a consultative public consultation at that point, the mission and vision of the gathering were shaped and organized, with the plan to make the city the “Heritage Capital of the Visayas”. The ordinance, which undertook a few revisions in April 2001, states that all structures in Iloilo City that are 50 years or more in presence are to be viewed as legacy or inheritance structures. The law commands that the utilization, upkeep, and protection of these structures and tourist spots the extent that practicable will consistently be the worry of the Iloilo City government. Proprietors, chairmen, renters or any people accountable for legacy or heritage structures are denied from undertaking

TARNISHED. The color of the S. Villanueva Building fades when it was left unattended.

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

any fix, recovery or development of any sort except if there is a good suggestion from the ICCHCC. If the fix or restoration is earnest, building proprietors, managers or residents are ordered to ensure that the façade demonstrating the structural plan of the structures is held, re-established and protected. All organizations inside the legacy zone are given motivators. These incorporate exclusion from payment of business expenses and building charges. Old speculators just as new ones can benefit from these motivating forces as long as they are in the legacy zone. ILOILO CITY CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION FRAMEWORK To fulfill the objective cultural heritage conservation program, the council, with the help of the CUI, constructed the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Framework in 2001 which includes the issues, goals and strategic actions for the preservation and promotion of Iloilo City’s cultural heritage.

VIVID. The building was brilliant after it was newly painted.

BEFORE. The old image of the Iloilo Customs House.

PHOTOS SOurce: jed PaTrick mabilOg fb Page

HISTORY OF CALLE REAL Most of the buildings were constructed during the Spanish era (The Philippines was colonized by Spain for 377 years from 1521 – 1898) and served as the shopping and entertainment center of the region. Most of the buildings show European and American influences of the late 19th and early 20th century. Most of the buildings are one or two storeys. The first levels serve as commercial establishments while the second levels serve as residential places for Iloilo’s elite back then. Although the heritage buildings located on the street still stand up to this day, they have also been damaged from the wear and tear of the time. Other factors include World War II and the 1948 magnitude 8.3 great earthquake that struck Panay, Iloilo City and Antique. Because of this, the old buildings have been neglected. RESTORATION In the year 2000, the Local Cultural Conservation Ordinance was passed by the City Government in order to preserve the establishment and prevent future damages to the buildings. Today, with the efforts of the local government and private sectors, most of the buildings have already been restored and beautified.

PRESENT. The Iloilo Customs House after being restored.

Its procedures incorporate the planning of laws that will require the measured removal of enormous boards and the guideline of signage, implementation of ecological measures to upgrade urban plan and structures, traﬃc re-directing, the presentation of pedestrian facilities, and the shaping of a “heritage watch” to detect the compliance of the CLUP (Comprehensive Land Use Plan) and of the city’s zoning act.

PHOTOS SOurce: wikimedia.Org

Source: https://www.iloilo.net.ph/calle-real-restoredrevisited/

A FORM OF REPRESENTATION Culture and its heritage reflect and shape values, beliefs, and aspirations, thereby defining a people’s national identity. It is important to preserve our cultural heritage because it keeps our integrity as a people. To be kept alive, cultural heritage must remain relevant to culture and be regularly practiced and learned within communities and between generations.

Heritage is not, as many believe, so much about the past as it is about the present. Heritage looks to the past, but it is something that is produced in the present for a particular purpose within human groups and societies. Following on from this idea is the concept that heritage is a form of ‘representation’, and when we talk about heritage as a form of representation, we refer to the way in which heritage objects, places, and practices come to ‘stand for’ something else, whether that be an idealized sense of nationhood and its citizens, an ethnic group, or a particular set of histories and ideas about the past. For this reason, heritage is also about the power to control the past and to produce it in the present. With all the efforts and regulations already laid in place, thus Iloilo City’s efforts to preserve the cultural heritages can surely yield positive results. When the time comes, the community will surely realize its significance, the folks will heed to its beauty and value as these heritage structures gradually overshadow the newly popped out shopping centers.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

fEATURE | HUMan inTEREsT

Reeling ilonggos Through Motion Picture wriTTen by MDPN. JOHN ROVIC T. LOPEZ and MDPN. NIÑO B. MALDECIR PHOTOS by: MDPN. MARK JOSEPH D. ALOVERA

ince people were said to be crowded inside the windowless camarin, the temparature was cherry red inside (red hot) which was not really suitable to gather big audiences. The camarin or warehouse where the reportedly ﬁrst ﬁlm screenings in Iloilo City received many complaints in 1903, according to an El Tiempo article. Yet despite all these, Ilonggos then began embracing the moving-pictures as part of their entertainment and culture even until now. No one will be prouder and feel more empowered than an Ilonggo seeing his fellow kasinmanwas and local sceneries on the big screen, and hearing his local language being spoken and screened in many places. That’s why in contrary to how other people see mainstream and ‘manilacentric’ films, Ilonggos take cinemas not just as a usual form of entertainment or a profitable enterprise, but it is for them, a pride of what they’re capable of and a reflection of who they really are. Ilonggos are very fond of providing themselves entertainments such as cockfighting, theater plays, singing and creating music, dancing, tattooing and many more. Yet films, beyond diverting, have been and will always be a potent platform for Ilonggo art, culture, history, and ways of life to be shown to different audiences. For several years,

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

the undeniable progress of the Ilonggo cinema can be clearly seen and felt regardless if you’re an Ilonggo or not. From the numerous film festivals in the entire region to the notable, award-winning Ilonggo filmmakers, we can say that Iloilo has produced a successful film industry through its rich time and history. The piece of history that the Ilonggo cinema originated in the entire region as early as 1897 may be unknown for most of the Ilonggos but it is reportedly true. At this time, Iloilo was second to Manila for having a remarkable material progress caused by the sugar industry. Her seaports became major entrepots for global trade, allowing access for foreign culture and influences. This event created a huge impact to Ilonggos paving the way for them to become elites and have a higher degree of social status.

Thus, at this point of time, they can already afford entertainments and performances for themselves as influenced by foreign traders, marking the foyers of early Philippine cinema. As written by the film historian, Nick Deocampo, Ilongggo cinema was established by the efforts of a Spanish expatriate named Señor Pertierra who had film screenings inside the bodega of an Englishman named Mr. Bischoff who was already residing in Iloilo at that time. He was reported to have held the first film screenings in Iloilo. For additional accounts, based on the public announcement by the early newspaper El Comercio, an itinerant businessman named Mr. Charochi was also proceeding to Iloilo to present screenings using his new cinematograph. Interestingly, the name of Mr. Bischoff was mentioned once again by Doreen Fernandez that he offered his camarin or bodega situated on Calle Real to screen short features of the Cinematographo Pastor. The screenings were held from 6:30 to 9:30 p.m. inside the said windowless, bad ventilated and asphyxiating warehouse of Mr. Bischoff. Though despite complaints, film

a long sojourn in Iloilo with her husband, Ricardo Pastor, the man to whom Doreen Fernandez reffered to as the owner and organizer of the Cinematographo Pastor first film screenings in Iloilo. The rise of the motion-picture entertainment kept on rolling as more cinematographic companies followed Cinematographo Pastor. Some of these are Cinematographo Insular in 1905, Gran Cinematografo-Teatro Colon and the Cinematografo Parsien. Along with the rapid expansion of movie companies during the first decade of cinema in Iloilo, the establishments of various movie houses take on the limelight of Ilonggo entertainments. Most of these movie-houses were known for specific film-genres they screen. One of which was Cine-Oriente, which appealed audiences through featuring slapstick shows, war, comedy, horror and mystery. An anonymous writer even revealed somewhat like an advertisement of CineOriente: Sa juebes kag viernes matahum nga mga sintas igapakita sg bantug nga Cine-Oriente labi na gid sa sabado, domingo kag lunes, kag magagwa ang ginatawag nga LAS DOS NOBLEZAS de color kag tatlo ka parte, kag magapakita naman si M. Gabriela Robinne ang labing maayo-ayo kag maugdang nga babae nga... nakita ta sa VIVIR PARA AMAR sang semana nga isa nga nagligad. On Thursday and Friday, beautiful films will be shown by the famous Cine-

Oriente especially on Saturday, Sunday and Monday, with the screening of LAS DOS NOBLEZAS with color, in three parts and with the appearance of M. Gabriela Robinne, the very good actress... we have seen in VIVIR PARA AMAR (TO LIVE FOR LOVE) last week.] Some of the living testaments of the steady rise of cinema in Iloilo and the decline of Ilonggo zarzuela were the succeeding movie houses like the Regent Theater (Cine Palace) built in 1928, the same year that is now proudly shown in its facade facing the Sunburst Park at J.M. Basa St. Across Regent Theater, one can find a building in whose front is seen the image of a widespread eagle, the only trace remaining of what used to be Eagle Theater. These two theaters were quite known before asmost popular (theaters) in the Visayan Islands. Eagle Theater was reportedly owned by the Sugar Baron, Don Teodoro Benedicto of Iloilo. On the other hand, the Regent Theater (Cine Palace) was owned by the well-known Lopez brothers, Eugenio and Fernando. In 1919, another movie house that was said to be located at guinsang-an sang mga dalan A. Ledesma kag Mabini (corner A. Ledesma and Mabini Streets), opened to the public. This was the Cine Lyrik (changed to Cine Lyric) which was even tagged as ang cine nga labing maaliwanay, daku kag mabugnaw (the movie theater that is most pleasant, big and cool). The same year had

PHOTOS SOurce: arTSandculTure.gOOgle.cOm

screenings continued due to the demand of many Ilonggos especially the elites and foreign cineastes who were already residing in Iloilo. When the Americans arrived, there was an inevitable cultural clash between the deeply-rooted Hispanic influences and the modern American values. The Ilonggos dominant public entertainment, the Zarzuela, had been challenged by the emergence of american-influenced motion-picture entertainments. It was quite sad to know that there were no accounts of any Ilonggo venturing into the production of own local films, yet they persist to be owners of the best movie palaces in the country. This gives the implication that Ilonggos remain to be staunch moviegoers. It was until when a theater diva acted a very important role on promoting film entertainment in Iloilo. She is Praxedes Fernandez y Pastor, fondly called La Yeyeng, married to a native Ilonggo named Ricardo Pastor. Being a popular zarzuela vedette and the country leading theater personality at that time, she noticed that it was the intermission numbers and the performing actors and actresses that interested audiences more than the short films. So she gave opportunity for films to be shown to the large crowds by including film screenings as a form of entre act in her theatrical performances. In 1906, La Yeyeng spent

PRESTIGE. Cine Eagle (left) and Cine Palace (right) grace Iloilo streets during the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;30s.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

been significant to the history of Ilonggo cinema as Jose Nepomuceno Dalagang Bukid, the first full-length Tagalog Feature Film, was released in the city. The years of 1928 up to 1931 are considered the full-bloom of film entertainment in the city. Within these years, the number of theaters in Iloilo had already doubled to ten, signifying vitality in the Ilonggo film industry. Among these theaters are Rex Theater, Cine Republic and Cine Commonwealth. In 1992, the movie theater Lux was constructed and had free screenings for ten-thousand people on the first day. It was then tagged as the finest theater for it was furnished with modern sanitary and cooling equipments. But like any other businesses, not everything is well everytime. On May 7, 1937, Makinaugalingon reported the burning of the Cine Eagle at 7:00 pm with the fire that started from the projector room. It was not quite sure if there was any rebuilding that occured after. However, on 1940, the next decade, Lido Theater emerged from Ledesma St. More additional constructions, both recognized and unrecognized, continue for years that

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

PHOTOS SOurce: arTSandculTure.gOOgle.cOm

NOSTALGIA. The Eagle Theater proudly stands as an emblem to the golden years of Ilonggo Cinema.

mark the thriving of golden film business in the city. In the early years, it was clear that film viewing was much given premium and appreciation. Yet like film reels, the innovations in this media scheme kept on running for decades and undeniably until now. Lamentably, movie houses are nearly dead today due to the modern culture of Mall Cinemas. But new movie theaters in the city still operates now like the Cinematheque Center in Solis St., Iloilo City Proper. Compared to the 1900 the focus on Ilonggo Cinema later on switched from Film-viewing to Film making. Ilonggos began involving themselves into the production of local and even national cinema. Ilonggos now take pride as different Film Festivals and notable filmmakers emerge and bring dawn to the the once-golden film industry in Iloilo. We have Bantayan Film Festival in Guimbal, Iloilo, the oldest film festival in the entire region. The CineKasimanwa Festival also graces the entire Western Visayan Cinema in the National and International scenes

being the largest Local and Regional Film Festival in the whole country. All these are brought into bigger screens because of prominent Ilonggo filmmakers like Elvert Bañares, Tara Illenberger, Nick Deocampo, and TM Malones who represented Iloilo and Western Visayas nationally or even internationally. They play a huge part and made an immense contribution in bringing the Ilonggo cinema in front of a wider audience, and in burning the enthusiasm among young filmmakers in the region. As Ilonggos walk the streets of Iloilo, they walk alongside with pieces of history, art and identity. Film, as a part of Iloilo remarkable progress and counterpart to the sugar industry in the making of the Queen City of the South, it also shows who Ilonggos are truly are. Scenes in modern regional and local Ilonggo films have now repetitive themes like Ilonggo culture, beliefs, social values and even identities giving an avenue for Ilonggos in showcasing our pride and love to Iloilo. The film industry has not just become a medium of highly appreciated entertainment, it has also given opportunities for Ilonggo talents and underrated Ilonggo art and music to be recognized. That is why these theaters are not just movie houses, but now home to Ilonggo identity and expression. Although old and abandoned, these theaters now erect as remnants of how rich and vibrant Iloilo was and will ever be.

EARLY PHILIPPINE FILMS Filipinos started making movies in 1919. However, it would be important to know that the film industry in the Philippines began through the initiative of foreign entrepreneurs. Two Swiss entrepreneurs introduced film shows in Manila as early as 1897, regaling audiences with documentary films lips showing recent events and natural calamities in Europe. Not only that but the arrival of the silent films, along with American colonialism, in 1903 created a movie market. But these film clips were still novelties. They failed to hold the audiences’ attention because of their novelty and the fact that they were about foreigners. When two American entrepreneurs made a film in 1912 about Jose Rizal’s execution, the sensation they made it clear that the Filipino’s need for material close to their hearts. This heralded the making of the first Filipino film. Source: http://www.aenet.org/family/filmhistory.htm

floring’s Carinderia: The Home of the native Chicken Adobo wriTTen by MDPN ANTHONY KEN J. BUCASAS and MDPN. BRYAN L. HOLZKNECHT PHOTOS by MDPN. BRYAN L. HOLZKNECHT

he light before the sun sets still shares its heat. Neighing horses were at large at this moment, exhausting due to a whole day of hard work as they serve the people of a humble barangay located at the heart of a province. Suddenly, a strong aroma of spices lurked the whole place, drooling the people around. It came from a small house. Everyone knows that it is Floring, making again a masterpiece that would greatly satisfy her husband’s pallets. She starts by slicing the neck part of a native chicken, blood would run from the veins of the poor creature but it was not wasted, a small basin was being filled by the red substance. When movement is already absent, she will then submerge the chicken to perfectly heated water to shred the feathers without damaging its skin. After preparing and cutting the chicken into small pieces, she would then prep the spices and ingredients needed. After all the preparations, she will then cook with passion and with her whole heart. Who started the native chicken adobo recipe? Florenia Escoton Jalipa was the first to make the native chicken adobo. She was born at Brgy. Ilaures, Bugasong,

Antique on December 15, 1948. She was then married to Julito Soriano Jalipa and settled to live in the same place where she was born and gave birth to five children - Kenneth, Charlote, Judith, Geralyn and Karyl Ann. Back then, she was only a housewife cooking adobo for her husband every dawn which serves as a pulutan - a food prepared by Filipinos to be eaten as they get drunk with alcohol. Their house is located near a terminal where passengers from Valderrama, Antique trades their local products for money from buyers who would re-sell them to town. One night, as the cold breeze fights the heat coming from a gas lamp and while her halfdrunken husband and his friends sing sonatas, one of her kumares ask her why don’t she build a small eatery in front

of her house, because it will be a good business area. Florenia also dreams of being a restaurant owner and as days go by, her dream became a reality. Floring’s Carinderia was made into reality around 1972. It was just a small eatery where the foundation and walls were primarily made of bamboo while the roof is made of weaved coconut leaves. What were the struggles did the restaurant face in the past years? A lot of devastations like strong typhoons challenged the humble native style establishment of Floring’s Carinderia. But out of it all, nothing can beat the destructive force brought by Super Typhoon Yolanda last November 3, 2013. The roof of the establishment almost kissed its floor. It left the family of Lola Florenia a ruin. It did not stop them still to serve the people who enjoyed their adobo. Their top customers which were businessmen and politicians help them by lending some financial assistance to fastly rebuild what has been lost.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

PHOTO SOurce: lakadPiliPinaS.cOm

fEATURE | inTERViEW

MOUTH WATERING. A taste of adobo that will make you crave.

Is Florenia still alive? Florenia suffered complications in her lungs causing her to have diﬃculty in breathing brought by pneumonia. She passed away on January 19, 2012, leaving her two daughters, Charlote and Judith to manage the restaurant. Her daughter wanted her legacy to be alive despite her absence. Indeed, she did a really good job to teach them how to cook the famous native chicken adobo recipe. They transferred their joint at the end of Cangaranan Bridge located at Brgy. Zaragoza, Bugasong, Antique. Lola Florenia was able to send her daughters and grandchildren to school and support them on their needs. She was a true hero to her family and her recipe became a legacy to them. How is Floring’s Carinderia now? Seated under an acacia tree, the

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

PREPARATION. A hours work to offer native delicacy.

joint got bigger and can cater more than 50 persons at a time. Every day, around 30-40 native chickens are being prepared. For years until now, the would practice a unique strategy for selling their product. They would serve as many pieces of chicken adobo at the table and charge the customers only for what they ate. Sometimes, they would eat every piece served anyway and even ask for more. Their establishment maintained their native ambiance and surely customers from big cities would enjoy eating at the said restaurant. The light before the sun sets still shares its heat. Busy cars were at large at this moment, hungry for some native chicken adobo to the house where it is built. Suddenly, a strong aroma of spices lurked the whole place, drooling the people around. Everyone knows that it is Floring’s recipe, her masterpiece and her legacy.

WAYS OF COOKING ADOBO There are as many ways of cooking adobo as there are many regions in the Philippines. Manila adobo is a dark saucy dish because of the use of soy sauce, the resulting gravy is thickened with flour. Adobo from Nueva Ecija, is dry; the meat is tender, browned and almost crispy with just the right amount of sauce. Sometimes a small amount of light soy is added to correct the taste. Served with newly cooked steamed rice and a side dish of pinakbet, or a dipping sauce of chopped tomatoes and onions, green mangoes or tamarind blossoms and patis, makes for a heavenly meal. Caviteño Adobo, thickened with ground liver, previously cooked with the rest of the meat and marinade, is grilled or sauted with plenty of garlic. In Southern Luzon, adobo is cooked with the addition of coconut milk and hot chili. Vegetables and seafood can also be cooked adobo style. Source: https://ﬁlipinawomensnetwork.org/ epahayagan/adobo-philippine-national-dish

PHOTO SOurce: 4.bP.blOgSPOT.cOm

FAMILY. A time to enjoy and a time to be together.

PHOTO SOurce: guTOmna.cOm

STOP-OVER. Tourists take a rest and indulge native cuisines.

fEATURE | HUMan inTEREsT

PHOTO SOurce: www.lakadPiliPinaS.cOm

Espading: Sweetened Catastrophe wriTTen by MDPN. BRYAN L. HOLZKNECHT

t was dark that morning. Bottles of water are set. An espading in his right and a lamp in his left. Mud was the first thing that crawls into his fingers. A buri hat was his only protection for a long day ahead. He may wear ripped out pajamas and unwashed sweaters but the fire burning inside of him is his only assurance for food for his family. He then shouts to wake his children up. His local community likes to call him Mang Sidro. He with his five children starts the day by traveling on foot to their local farmlands when the clock ticks at 0400H. It is already a practice for his children to plant sugarcane stocks before going to school. An image of hard work but is repaid only for a small amount because the muscovado industry during those days is not a silver-plating kind of business. it is well known for its strong molasses content, dark brown color and stickier than other kinds of sugar. Muscovado or “Khaand” in the Hindi language, is a type of natural made sugar partially between refine and unrefined in character. There has been a lot of confusion during the 17th to 18th century if where did it really started and defined. Up till now, there is no legal information or Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), but currently, there are two countries still

producing this kind of sugar – Philippines and Mauritius. Muscovado industry really started on the island of Negros where ancient sugar mills are found but the industry did not bloom because of the rapid change of processes and demands of the people. A shift of muscovado sugar into white sugar and refined brown sugar. Antique in the late 1960s was the industry’s front runner for providing about 70 percent of the total amount of muscovado sugar in the whole Philippines. The rise of this industry brought opportunities for employment and the increase for economic growth in the province. Its production was evident and concentrated in the Municipality of Laua-an where Mang Sidro was one of its local producers. The opening of the Iloilo port in the 18th century became the backbone of the

industry. The exportation of muscovado sugar flourished and became faster but above all, it provided opportunities for thousands of small-scale farmers for livelihood. In 1929, the whole region and industry faced a major downfall when refined white sugar started to be the dominant demand of consumers. A gradual shift about 96 percent of the total export goods for the United States accounts more on centrifugal white sugar milling. The industry was now a backyard trade after the incident. Muscovado lost its competitiveness to white sugar and the volume and quality of the product were also affected and suddenly drop due to the following years full of neglect, negative practices and undeveloped marketing strategies. Decades of inching victories are faded. Grasping the limelight is farreaching. But despite the mishaps and falls Antique was among the provinces that never stopped and still sustained the production of muscovado. Laua-an as the front runner from this movement made Mang Sidro inspired and ignite a desire to

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

continue. A glimpse of a little daylight marks the time for Mang Sidro to begin. He cuts off banana leaves and makes it as a plate for the ritual. He catches a black colored rooster and kills it as an offering partnered with three cups of different liquids- one for plain old water, another for coffee and the last cup for whiskey. Singing a chant, he walks to the corner of his land where a tall ancient acacia tree stands and offers the goods. Through the advent of the teachings of the past, it is a tradition to give out offerings for the ancestors for a bountiful harvest and a healthy outcome both for

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

PHOTO SOurce: PanaynewS.neT

MACHINE. Old grinders that mirror past ways of sugar production.

the muscovado product and its farmers. A bounded tie that connects the past and the present. Taking a deep breath, Mang Sidro ventures out into his fields to cut off sugarcane stocks for harvesting. Holding his espading, a sharp large hand cutting tool, he swings it swiftly and after it, the cut off sugarcanes are placed on a wellarranged manner for gathering. Carrying it on his aged under the radiant heat of the sun is treacherous but sacrifices must be done, walking bare feet he then now returns to the mill. Muscovado processing almost come in the same manner particularly among

PHOTO SOurce: kabankalanciTy.wOrdPreSS.cOm

PRIMARY. Raw products for sugar making.

PHOTO SOurce: wikimedia.Org

HEAVY LOAD. Farmers carry sugarcanes under the heat of the sun.

sugar millers in the rural areas or village type sugar mills. It starts from harvesting the sugarcane then extraction of its juice through the grinding machine locally known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Molinoâ&#x20AC;?. After grinding, the sugarcane juice is then cleaned to remove soil and other solid debris. It is then heated with mixtures of lime and coconut milk for flavor. When the boiling temperature reaches its peak, it is then transferred to a hollow squared case where it will be cooled and manually crushed, pressed and pounded to turn it into a powder-like solution. Traditional practices in the industry brought a competitive advantage among

HISTORY. An evidence of the rich industry of sugar making in the past.

THE SUGAR BOOM ERA In the late 18th century, the development of large-scale weaving industry started the movement of Iloilo’s surge in trade and economy in the Visayas. Sometimes referred to as the “Textile Capital of the Philippines”, the products were exported to Manila and other foreign places. The waning textile industry was replaced however by the opening of Iloilo’s port to world market in 1855. Because of this, Iloilo’s industry and agriculture was put on direct access to foreign markets. But what triggered the economic boom of Iloilo in the 19th century was the development of sugar industry in Iloilo and its neighboring island of Negros. Sugar during the 19th century was of high demand. Nicholas Loney, the British vice-consul in Iloilo developed the industry by giving loans, constructing warehouses in the port and introduced new technologies in sugar farming. The rich families of Iloilo developed large areas of Negros, which later called haciendas because of the sugar’s high demand in the world market. Because of the increase in commercial activity, infrastructures, recreational facilities, educational institutions, banks, foreign consulates, commercial ﬁrms and much more sprouted in Iloilo. Source: http://www.iloilocity.org/history.html

HELPING HAND. Farmers work together in making sugar.

PHOTO SOurce: my PHiliPPine life.cOm

million as evidence of commitment for the sustainability of the needs of the industry. Since then, the production was showered with numerous bundles of growth and quality. The helping hands of governmental groups with other internal and external contributors flowered the bloom of muscovado industry in Laua-an. This paved way for farmers to work even harder and be inspired that muscovado exportation is back on track. Laua-an as the prime capital of the province to penetrate the market not only in Western Visayas but the entire Philippines. Through its rise, the Philippine postal Cooperation released a commemorative stamp last January 31, 2015, to mark the centenary of Laua-an, Antique as the “Mucovado Town Capital of the Philippines”. The new stamps feature the town’s logo, the municipal hall, a sugar mill and an ancient pot used to cook the extracted sugarcane juice known as “kawa” and a local chimney called “simboryo”. The efforts of our past to live on the legacy of muscovado production sweetened the taste that we must support local products in order for our province and our country to stand and build a foundation for economic growth. It was that time of the day – sunset, where Mang Sidro climbs on the peak of his land to overlook the beauty of what his espading has built. He had chopped thousands of sugarcane stocks to see the past, the present and the future of where muscovado sugar will bring him. He then smiles, took a deep breath and settles down for it’s time to rest.

PHOTO SOurce: my PHiliPPine life.cOm

the farmers in Laua-an to produce a much more notable product that is highly demanded in the market. Muscovado, the one town one product (OTOP) of the municipality is usually produced without many inputs because not all farmers own a portion of land with mills. Modern-day muscovado farmers still follow conventional farming technologies and techniques to further increase the amount of sugar to be produced in relation to the span of planted land. But it is still not that possible to upgrade mills and practices to a higher class of technology because of the lack of capital, irrigation system and landholdings per mill. Laua-an has 107 sugarcane mills but only 98 are operational. Seven mills are enhanced to meet the standards of a well develop mill with quality and product quantity in its favor. It complied with the practices of the Antique Muscovado Industry Council or AMIC, an organization that focuses on the welfare of sugarcane farmers to produce muscovado sugar in a more advanced tool. These mills are now enclosed for protection only opened during operations. In connection, last October 2011 the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) through the program “Science and Technology Development of Organic Muscovado Industry in Western Visayas” has allotted P2.89 million to help sugarcane farmers improve their cultural management practices, the volume of production and income growth. Partner agencies have also contributed shares about P1.2

fEATURE | DEVCOM

Merged Reality wriTTen by MDPWN. FRANZESCA MARI B. BAUTISTA

t was the 19th Century. The riverside was busy—boats came and went, passing through the river for trade. Sugar was of high demand.

The boom in the sugar industry made Iloilo River the second most important port of call in the Spanish Colony. With its economy growing, Iloilo’s rank was raised to Royal City (Queen’s City) of the South by the Queen Regent of Spain. The center of economic growth and development, Iloilo River still remains as a trademark. It is presented as a story of a forgotten asset, polluted and degraded. The Iloilo River supports the growth of 22 mangrove species out of 35 national species. However, what was supposedly

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

abundant in the region has become a needle in a haystack of infrastructures. Mangrove areas were reduced because they were converted to residential areas. Informal settlers were not only a problem for the diminishing area for mangroves but are also contributors to water pollution. Untreated wastewater from residential, hospitals and hotels as well as solid waste caused the river to be poisoned. Waterborne diseases were abundant, water quality was poor, and fish kill was apparent.

Due to the presence of informal settlers and improper waste management, most of the wastewater from the city, as well as the waste from ocean vessels brought about by the current has infiltrated Iloilo River. The intrusion of saltwater was also evident. This may lead to the contamination of groundwater, making water scarcity and security an issue for the Ilonggos. National development objectives, environmental concerns, and possible economic progress led to the conclusion that the Iloilo-Batiano River basin had to be cleaned. In order to achieve this goal, the city government implemented programs and

FORMERLY. The image of the sidewalk beneath the river before the reconstruction.

PRESENT-DAY. A shot of the sidewalk after it was widened and renovated.

PHOTO SOurce: www.ilOilOTOday.cOm

The Iloilo-Batiano River Development Project which won the coveted Galing Pook Award. In order to achieve this award, the Iloilo-Batiano River Development Council (IBRDC) was established. The council was in charge of identifying challenges and strategies, focusing on the conservation and restoration of areas, eco-tourism, management of waterways, and land use management. Furthermore, the city government of Iloilo has taken appropriate actions through participation, social marketing, low-cost wastewater treatment technologies and river clean-up programs.

OPERATION. Wastes are removed and collected to bring back the splendor of the river.

PHOTO SOurce: ilOilOQueenciTy.wOrdPreSS.cOm

PHOTO SOurce: PHiliPPineSrePOrT.cOm

projects that may help the restoration of the Iloilo-Batiano River basin. The aforementioned projects are: Flood Control and Mitigating Measures and Comprehensive Urban Drainage and Sewage Master Plan which aims to prevent flooding through creek improvements, dredging and excavation, channel restoration and improve the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s existing drainage system; The City Coastal Resources Management Plan which provisions support to fisher folks who have been displaced due to the implementation of development projects, and aims to restore depleted mangrove covers;

EXCHANGE. Where early trade is being done by sea vessels.

PHOTO SOurce: mybeauTifulilOilO.blOgSPOT.cOm

SETTLEMENT. A rich history of past that mirror the present.

to economic growth—they served as a medium for transportation, a source of food and water, as well as irrigation for prosperous agriculture. This also serves true for the Iloilo River system. It was once the pathway to the city’s economic growth because of its use in trade. Many Ilonggos have also used the river to catch fish as a means of livelihood. Unfortunately, through time the gem of Iloilo’s economic prowess became but a mere disposal site for unwanted waste. As the demand in jobs increased, overpopulation became very evident in urban cities. The increase in population density has led to the need for additional accommodation. Thus, the ample number of illegal settlers near riverbanks became apparent.

PHOTO SOurce: mybeauTifulilOilO.blOgSPOT.cOm

LGU’s (Local Government Units), as well as schools like John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (JBLFMU), have participated in river clean-ups. Social Marketing strategies such as the annual celebration of Iloilo River Week, forums and workshops and strategic placing of billboards in conspicuous places have also been observed. Moreover, programs like the Iloilo River Rehabilitation Program (IRRP) have been implemented. This program aims to remove obstruction along creeks and seeks to produce an inventory for fish pens and mangroves, to supervise the number of mangrove trees and to prevent the resurgence of illegal fish pens. During ancient times, the first civilizations were established near rivers. Bodies of water were considered key

The trash produced by these settlers coupled by commercial and agricultural waste as well as the ill effects of climate change has greatly affected the Iloilo River. Unwanted results of pollution became a threat to biodiversity. Health hazards were also in the rise due to the poor drainage system. Government projects were then implemented to reduce these effects. Such programs are those mentioned above. Today, Iloilo has claimed international awards in its continuous fight to prevent pollution, restore lost biodiversity, and preserve water resources. It was the 21st Century. The riverside was busy--people were jogging happily, kayaks were being rented for recreational purposes, and flower petals from nearby trees freely fell to the river. What was once full of garbage has now been revived to its original glory; it was a dumpsite no more. The center of economic growth and development, Iloilo River still remains as a trademark. It is now presented as a story of redemption—evidence of the present and its origin merging to become reality.

THE PHILIPPINES’ FIRST QUEEN Iloilo was already an important city during the early years of the Spanish colonization of the country. It was the second most important city to be recognized by the Spanish empire as the major economic center of the Philippines after Manila and is one of only two cities to be recognized as a Royal City by virtue of a Spanish decree, Manila being the other. Moved by the Ilonggos’s loyalty to Spain, the Queen Regent Maria Cristina honored the city of Iloilo (in the name of her son King Alfonso III) with the title Muy Noble. The Royal Decree granting the perpetual title Muy Noble was signed on 1 March 1898 by the Queen Regent. Over time, this title earned for Iloilo City the reputation of it being “The Queen’s Favored City in the South” or simply “Queen’s City in the South” (a title Iloilo City still claims, but is now more attributed to Cebu City for reason of economic progress, after that city eclipsed the economy of Iloilo during the aftermath of its economic decline). It was considered as the capital of the south until 1898, with even Cebu under its jurisdiction. Source: http://zerothreetwo.com/the-city/why-iscebu-city-called-the-queen-city-of-the-south/

fEATURE | COVER sTORY

Tales of legacy: The story of a True-Blooded wriTTen by MDPN. BRYAN L. HOLZKNECHT, MDPN. NIÑO B. MALDECIR and MDPN. ANTHONY KEN J. BUCASAS PHOTOS by MDPN. JAYLAND E. SINGUILLO

amang (crawl)! Ma seaman ka pa (will you still become a seafarer)? The skies were gray that day. Roaring. Crying. But it would not stop a legacy. Dirt already covered everyone’s clothes and faces. Wiped. Tasted. But it would not stop a true-blooded. Minor scratches in the arms are being visible, kissed by sweat making it to swell. But it would not stop a Lacsonian. No storm can blow away a legacy’s spirit. They would crawl to the rough roads and swim into mud pools, cover their whole body with grease and paint while being cursed by words coming from their seniors. It was indeed a memorable day for every each and every one. The origin of their mark as Lacsonian Vanguard. The Initiation day. We look back to the humble beginning. The oldest yearbook that has the evidence of the earliest initiation was back in 1962. Records show that Lacsonians has been tested through time. Back in 1972, Captain Bonifacio Gerochi Jr. was no idea what it takes to be called a true-blooded Laconian. By heart, he knew that he has the spirit to take the challenge without any hesitation. For days he waited. Days where he felt that there is

something that is missing to his identity. Until it came. Refreshing his memories back then, it took him to remember being a student in Iloilo Maritime Academy located at Muelle Loney St, Iloilo City Proper. He’s wearing an oversized white shirt full of dirt. His eyesight only focuses on one object in front of him. There is a puddle of stagnant water waiting for him to be swallowed. A guy in uniform radiates intimidation as be shouted to him orders that he knew he cannot just run over. His days during his initiation were truly a treasure. Now, Capt. Gerochi teaches in the institution where he was nurtured to become a seasoned seafarer. Another tale emerged when one of its alumni defied the odds -2/M Jerry Alingalan who majorly instructs navigation. Back in the old days of 1981, the institution was not yet fully developed

JBLFMU’S HUMBLE BEGINNINGS JBLFMU, the former Iloilo Maritime Academy, is the first maritime school in the Visayas and Mindanao regions; and the first private maritime education and training institution in the Philippines. The late Captain Juan Bautista Lacson, its founder, was a seafarer himself, who wanted to share his knowledge and professional experience.The institution opened originally as a Review Center to assist seafarers in preparation for the licensure examinations for the Marine Deck and Engine Officers in May 1931. When World War II broke out, the review school closed. Capt. Lacson went back to the US to serve as a U.S. Coast Guard Officer. When the war ended, Capt. Lacson perceived the potential of the marine profession being the fastest and the least expensive to join. He retired from the U.S. Coast Guard, went back to the Philippines and together with his brother, Frank Lacson, a pilot and a US government disability pensioner, drew a 2-year nautical curriculum. Source: http://www.jblfmu.edu.ph/humble-beginning

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

LEGACY. The building blocks of years of excellence, discipline and success.

photo source: jblf cultural library

compared to its present look and facilities, 2/M Alingalan clearly remembers that behind the administration building is the location where the former swimming pool was constructed. The pool played a sensational and relevant site for the history of the initiation. Strong bamboo stocks were held across it to serve as a bridge-type apparatus where the commando crawl is going to be performed. Endurance of muscles and spirits was challenged and determine whose shoulders are mightier to champion commitment despite obstacles. Some fell out of the track but their hands keep on reaching up to grip again. They laugh for a little while and continue. There was absolute freedom granted to the conductors of the initiation in the past to achieve their desire as the culture being passed down to the next generation of Lacsonians. Majority of the faculty and staff during those times does not totally engage in the rites. They lack presence in moderating the event as long as there is no physical contact between the conductors and initiates. At the end of the day, mutual respect was offered to each and every one. Understanding and brotherhood take place as everyone marches to the centerfield and recite the loyalty oath with heads up high supplemented by pride as they give their snappiest salutes to Capt. John B. Lacson. Loudest roars of rejoice scattered across the sky as they run as fast as they can towards the shore of Sto. Niño Sur. It is the classic culture to bath themselves after the tiring yet rewarding quest. It is indeed the final cherry on top of the bittersweet occasion.

CRAWL. The student strives to ﬁnish the obstacles.

Whose humble dreams is that of providing, brave sailors and leaders of the nation. John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University – Arevalo formerly Iloilo Maritime Academy was able to produce excellent students through time. These products left remarkable footprints in their journey not only as maritime cadets but also shines in other fields of disciplines. The likes of Capt. Losaria, Chief Oﬃcer Armando Araneta and 2/M Borja showcased their innate talents in broadcasting, public speaking, and journalism which established the name of JBLFMU in a worldwide context. In its continuing legacy, the initiation became an indicating factor to test the determination of someone who would like to enter the institution’s portals. It has become a powerful platform to raise the school’s ideals higher as it seeks to deliver quality maritime education and training throughout national and international frameworks. The consistent performance of JBLFMU and the competitiveness of its cadets were able to deliver became integral in gaining the trust of stakeholders of the industry. The trust and confidence bestowed to the institution added impetus to pursue excellence even further. It was recognized by the Philippines Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACU-COA) therefore awarding the school as the first maritime institution to reach level III accreditation. “Education is life and life as an everchanging process must be progressive but

progress is best attained only when one has achieved discipline as a way of life.” Lacsonians adhere to this philosophy and serves as the concrete guiding principle which affects their decision making for their future. A breathing ground for initiation finishers to satisfy their cravings to be named as Lacsonians. A practice in which that right after the initiation day, they can smile proudly and where their fully ironed white uniforms as evidence of survival. Time-tested values let the youth uphold. To serve and honor God and country. Till this day, the initiation rites will always be an engraved culture in strengthening our core and championing our character as future bearers of a dream one had decided and started. Kamang (crawl)! Ma seaman ka pa (will you still become a seafarer)? Exact words that are still evident over these years. Exact words that magnify one’s great desire to pursue the passion of the heart. Exact words that serve a motivation for someone to strive and to be productive someday in becoming a pillar of the maritime industry. The skies were bright at the end of the day. Roaring and rejoicing, for it will always carry the legacy. Dirt already covered everyone’s clothes and faces. Wiped. Tasted. For it will always drive us true-blooded in climbing higher peaks. Minor scratches on the arms are visible, kissed by sweat making it swell. But it will never stop a Lacsonian. Our ships may sail over the ocean. The tide may sweep us to shore and seas. Around the globe to lands and nations. Your flag unfurl oh, JBLFMU.

GRIME. Dirt and mud covers the students’ body.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

fEATURE | CULTURE

Beating Historical Rhythms wriTTen by MDPN. NIÑO B. MALDECIR PHOTOS by MDPN. JAYLAND E. SINGUILLO illuSTraTiOn by MDPN. VINCENT JAY A. VIGO

iving names to places may be derived from various things that may have contribute or can be associated to its history, geographical composition, unique products, and many more which can reﬂect a broad description of a given location. Society dwells with this kind of matter as the latter seeks to identify the essence of its existence. It aims to establish an identity for its people that may serve a medium in uplifting its culture and beliefs. This may also channel a mindset on how someone perceives a landscape. Questions are often served in the round table for discussions in to order seal a structured claim that supplements the legitimacy of facts or widely accepted afﬁrmations.

Streets, kalye, towns, cities, and provinces have gained their names in both synonymous and subjective processes

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

which may or may not be linked to an etymological evolution. Some were particularly formed by word coiners

of the streets based on amorphous inspirations from trees, accidents, stores, or intersections such as crossing kamunsil, bangga’ panot, that has become dilate and yield recognition from many. In larger contextual frameworks, places and their names play a significant platform in preserving its cultural practices by consistently commemorating their origin through devotion, celebrations, or festivals which directly emphasize its relevance. Mostly were named from important historical figures such as heroes, endemic animals found in their locality,

and abundantly growing plants or crops. As mentioned, those were just some of the numerous reasons that determine the dawn of civilizations that gratify the advent of a place. But most importantly, a deeper interest transcribes to a community with enterprising and hardworking people whose simple town was named after a musical instrument used by their ancestors in defending their territory – Guimbal. Wayback 1575, Christianity reached Guimbal and was entitled to become a visita - a small town with small chapel for worship purposes. Later on, it was established as an independent doctrina in 1590 by Augustinians with San Nicolas de Tolentino as its patron saint. Guimbal, which was originally annexed to Oton, is known for its Bantayan Festival that is annually celebrated as a way to remember its rich history and to sanctify faith of its people, who were formerly Pagans, in surviving invasions of numerous Moro attacks. Its Christian church enjoys active devotees and has maintained a strong religious community for 400 hundred years such as the Confradia de Nuestra Seniora de Consolacion y Sagrada Coria. The antiquity of Guimbal does revolve in various landmarks such as the Bantayan Moro watchtower, the Stone Bridge or Taytay Tigre, and the Zulueta Bridge (formerly known as the Virginia Bridge). These sites amplify a compelling setting of the town as to how it was established and became witnesses of its ever-changing development. The name Guimbal is the prime objective of the discourse for it is believed to have originated from Gimba, an instrument made from hallowed trunk of palm tree covered by either goat or deer skin often referred to a Malay instrument

with thirty centimeters in diameter. As accepted by majority, this was used to by the early settlers atop the Bantayan watchtower to create warning signals for approaching Moro invaders. Moro pirates’ active attacks in Guimbal manifest there motif of stealing and looting the town and to capture native Guimbalanons to be sold as slaves in Kolambongan, Mindanao. There were consecutive attempts that often led to bloodshed. This could also to be the retaliation of Mindanao due to what the Spaniards deed. Spaniards, in serious desire to conquer Mindanao islands and to minimize casualty, often used Visayans as part of their soldier fleet. To combat the growing threat the Moro pirates have brought, the natives conceptualized so-called watchtowers to increase their visibility along the coast of Guimbal. Discerning to stories, Bantayan or the watchtowers were not originally made from stones rather it was made from bamboo. However, bamboos are not sturdy enough and can’t withstand a long exposure to varying weather and so they were replaced. Five watchtowers were built with unique characteristics. They all differ in sizes and architectural design and were situated in distinct locations along the shore of the town. One in Bagumbayan, the biggest and octagonal shape in

Pescadores, the smaller one in Generosa, Rizal Tuguisan, and square shaped in Nanga. A shoreline protection project was built to combat the rising sea level and to achieve a successful preservation of the three remaining watchtowers. Each one consists of gimba or drum together with budyong an instrument made from bull’s horn, are played to warn all the natives if imminent Moro attack was recognized. Claims proposed that the manner of producing a signal for people to be informed is a channel. As long as one of the gimba from any of the watchtowers sounded, the remaining will also follow which became eﬃcient by allowing the natives to prepare their defenses. This is consistently done by the natives the moment the Moros attempt to invade. Potent results appeared as the Moro invasions gradually died out and Guimbalanons enjoyed the town’s resources. According to Mr. Omar E. Gelpe, member of the Parish Catechetical Ministry and reviewed numerous accounts about Guimbal, missionary priests who arrived in the town in early years quoted the phrase Con Mucho Bombo that equates to “there are so many drums”. A substantiation that supports the existence of drums in various parts of Guimbal which could be probably used as either safety apparatus or musical instrument. It yields a relation between

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019 FAITH. The strong standing church of Guimbal that resembled the people’s 400 years of devotion.

HERITAGE. Bantayan watchtower as a tangible evidence of Guimbal’s early civilizations.

the drum and how the town’s name was attained. The long-standing Bantayan watchtowers, in support on the other hand, serve as powerful evidence for the augmentation of Guimbal’s history. Intellects and history concerned individuals keep on digging write ups and historical accounts that will answer the scarcity of some information in further strengthening the assertion that Guimbal got its name from gimba. Researches are conceptualized to maximize any given source and deliver more clear and detailed information including dates. By doing so, the inadequacy of knowledge will be filled and to suﬃce the demand for clarifications. Enlightenment across the town could

REVIVING. A photo of modern Guimba with sophisticated designs.

be possible through dissemination or conducting a coherent performance in its celebrated festival if facts become available. A gimba making contest, in fact, is now a part of the Bantayan Festival which aims to showcase the ability of the people in constructing and designing a gimba reflecting historical landmarks found within the town spearheaded by Mrs. Karen Gayanilo, Municipal Tourism Coordinator and recently elected as the president of the Iloilo Tourism Oﬃcers’ Association. She believes that this kind of event can magnify the Guimbalanons’ creativity which resonates the culture they live. This is also a way to maintain a firm thrust to the authenticity of an object that serve as the contour of the town’s story. Defining what we are today needs a thorough reflection of our past. We cannot dissect without introducing ourselves to what happened. Confidence in hoisting up an identity only takes place when one has determined his existence and where he came from. Things like this may often push us to the edge of our seats by wondering about “what if’s.” Contemplating about given aﬃrmations is integral to avoid false knowledge and to cultivate critical thinking through appreciation of the tangible and intangible. There should be a

great desire in adjudicating the truth; the reality we must live; and the propagation of culture among generations. The journey of Guimbal for more than four centuries has been challenging yet polychromatic for it was able to survive the test of time and evolved into a progressive town which caters the welfare of its people. It has able to attain balance in the battle between development and preservation; a town where modernity blends with antiquity.

BANTAYAN FESTIVAL Celebrated every April is a re-enactment of the battle between the Guimbalanons and the Muslim pirates. Guimbal’s ancestral settlement near the sea became the objects of frequent Moro raids. Pirates attacked and enslaved Christian-Filipinos. Their invasions left tracks of death, blood, and ashes. The presentation is in a theatrical dance format and highlights the use of the prop guimba, an ancient instrument that resembled a drum and is beaten by hand to send messages from tower to tower to warn the community of an incoming raid. The bantayan is also featured since it was instrumental in securing the area for defense and to protect the peaceful community from Muslim marauders who were responsible for looting the town and capturing the natives. Source: https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/travel-andtourism/2003/03/16/199159/town-called-guimbal

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Lahat ay may pinagmulang simula, lumipas sa nakaraan at naging hayag sa kasalukuyan

â&#x20AC;?

filiPino | MaKaTaOng KaWiLiHan

Hoskyn’s: Marka ng Masiglang Merkado iSinulaT ni MDPN. LOWEEN JOHN H. SELOTERIO mga larawang kuHa ni MDPN. MARK JOSEPH D. ALOVERA

ng liwayway ay nakausli sa patag na guhit ng karagatan sa malayuan. Kalmadong dagat ang masasaksihan sa bagong araw ng kalakalan. Sa di kalayuan may paparating. Layag ay nakababa upang ang hangin ay itulak ito pahilaga. Heto’t nakadaong na. Nakadaong na ang barkong may mga dalang paninda mula pa sa ibang dako ng bansa.

Kasabay ng bawat tiklop ng alon sa gilid ng malumot na pier ay ang halimuyak ng payapang karagatan. Naghihintay ng barkong dadaong para sa kalakalang sisimulan. Hindi lingid sa kaalaman ng lahat na ang Iloilo ay may magarbong kasaysayan ng komersyo at merkado. Bukod sa Maynila, limliman rin ito ng mga negosyanteng gustong kumita at yumaman. Di kalayuan sa pier ay may makulay na palitan ng pera at paninda. Tinig ng mga tinderang nagsisipagpalitan ng mga produkto ang kanta sa gitna ng magulong

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

kalsada. Tingi-tinging pwesto ang nakahilera sa gilid nito na may masiglang larawan ng pagbebenta. Pero may isang natatangi at di maikubli. Sa taong 1855, ang Iloilo ay nagbukas ng pinto sa pangdaigdigang estado ng kalakalan. Ito’y dahil sa patuloy na paglago ng industriya ng asukal na nagbigay daan sa mga taga-ibang bansa na magpatayo ng negosyo sa nasabing bayan. Unang kompanya na naipatayo sa siyudad ay ang Loney & Co. noong 1856 na pagmamay-ari ni Nicholas Loney, unang British Vice-consul sa Iloilo. At

doon nag simula ang patuloy na paglago ng bayan, na nagsilang sa iba pang uri ng negosyo tulad ng pagkakaroon ng pinakaunang Department Store sa Pilipinas ang Hoskyn’s & Co. – ang natatangi at di maikubli. Hayag sa estruktura ng gusali ang nasaksihang pagbabago ng lipunan. Tila agos ng tubig ang bilis ng mga pangyayari sa pag-usbong ng bagong merkado. Ang Hoskyn’s & Co. ay itinayo noong 1877 ng magkapatid na Hoskyn na sina Herbert Peter, Richard Franklin at Henry. Sila ay mga pamangkin ni Loney. Naging mitsa sila ng isang bagong yugto ng pamilihan sa Iloilo na nakatulong upang mas makilala pa ang bayan sa larangan ng merkado. Naisakatuparan itong maipatayo matapos mamatay si Loney at maipasara

nila ang pamilihan sa kasamahan nila sa kompanya na si Manuel Loring, anak ng kaunaunahang American Vice-Consul ng Iloilo na si Wright Loring. Patuloy na namayagpag ang negosyo sa industriya ng komersyo at nagbigay serbisyo sa mga taga-Iloilo. Pero hindi doon natatapos ang kwento ng Hoskyn’s. Dumaan rin ito sa mga pangyayaring muntikang mapatinag sa kompanya. Isang kalunos-lunos na pangyayari ang nagpaabo sa unang gusali nito. Ang apoy ng naglalagablab na panghihinayang ang pumaroon sa kinatitirikan ng Hoskyn’s matapos sunugin ito ng mga Hapon. Ang dating isang palapag na gusali na may bodega ay napalitan ng kasalukuyang estruktura sa taong 1947. Ito ay naganap sa pamamalakad ng bago nitong tagapamahala na si Frederic Loring, anak ni Manuel Loring. Sa kadahilanan na nagkaroon ng matinding kontrol sa polisiya ng pagaangkat ng mga produkto, tuluyang nagsara ang tindahan. Kung gaano kabilis ang pag-asenso nito ay siya ring pagsunod ng isang malungkot na katotohanan na lahat ay mapupunta sa huli nitong pagkalalagyan. Sa kasalukuyan, ang lugar

ay isang compound na pinaparentahan sa mga negosyanteng gustong kumita, at pinagmamay-arian ito ng pamilya ni Manuel Loring Jr. Sa naging kasaysayan ng Hoskyn’s, ito’y nagsilbing tahanan ng mga produktong nagpa-unlad sa lugar ng Iloilo. Ito ang naging simula ng bagong yugto sa industriya ng merkado sa pilipinas. Ang pag-sulpot nito ang nagbigay daan upang magkaroon pa ng ibang uri ng pagtitinda sa nasabing bayan. Bago paman ipatayo ang mga gusaling nagsilbing lilim ng pagtitinda, unang naging sandalan ng lipunan ang Barter. Ito ay uri ng kalakalan na yumabong noong unang panahon. Palitan ng produkto sa gitna ng maituturing na merkado mula sa iba’t ibang panig ng mundo tulad ng China, Europa at iba panig ng bansa. Pero ang lahat ng ito ay hindi mangyayari kung wala ang kalsada ng Calle Real. Ang masiglang nitong imahe ang nagbigay kulay sa syudad ng Iloilo. Dito halos pinatayo ang mga gusaling naging parte ng kasaysayan ng kalakalan sa nabanggit na bayan. Wala ang Hoskyn’s & Co. kung wala ang kalsadang naging tulay upang idugtong

ang kanyang kompanyang noong 1869. Sa kabila nito nanatili ang tatlong magkakapatid at napagkasunduan na ang perang nakuha mula sa kita ng Loney & Co. ay maging kapital upang maipatayo ang kanilang sariling pamilihan. Hindi inaasahan ng magkakapatid na lalago ito ng mabilis. Tinagurian ito bilang kauna-unahang nagbebenta ng may “fixed price policy”. Binansagan din itong “store that sold everything from needle to anchor” (Ang tindahang nagbebenta ng lahat mula sa karayom hanggang angkla). Pangunahaning tinitinda sa lugar ay mga gamit sa paaralan, groseri at mga hardware. Patuloy na lumago ang pamilihan sa paglipas ng panahon. Pero nagiba ang ikot ng mundo. Hinagpis ang nanguna, matapos isa-isang mamatay ang magkakapatid na Hoskyn. Pinasa PAGTITINDA. Imahe ng komersyo sa puso ng Iloilo sa silong ng Hoskyn’s. The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

PHOTO SOurce: lOring family cOllecTiOn

UMPISA. Makasaysayang gusali ng unang Department Store sa bansa.

KALAKALAN. Larawan ng Iloilo River Wharf na nagbigay buhay sa lungsod.

syudad sa nakaraan. Walang kapantay ang naging kinang ng Iloilo noon. Ang mga negosyanteng pinili mamuhunan sa Iloilo ang siyang yaman ng bayan upang kilalanin itong orihinal na Queen City of the South. Ang gandang ipinundar ng nakalipas ay nananatili parin sa imahe ng Hoskyn’s hanggang sa ngayong panahon.

PHOTO SOurce: nereO cajilig lujan

ang malayong agwat ng Pilipinas mula sa pangdaigdigang komersyo. Kaya sa paglipas ng panahon ang kalsada ay binansagan bilang “Escolta ng Iloilo”. Hindi rin maitatangi na ang Hoskyn’s ay naging institusyon sa iloilo. Nakatulong ito para mapaangat ang ekonomiya ng lugar at maituring na pangalawa sa Maynila bilang malagong

Nagsilbing itong silong para sa nga maliliit na nagtitinda ng kanikanilang mga produkto. Ang lilim nito ang pumapawi sa init ng araw upang maipagpatuloy ang pagtitinda. Nakatutuwang isipin na kahit dumaan ang ilang dekada’t mga taon, ang lugar ay patuloy parin na napakikinabangan ng iba’t ibang henerasyon. Sumikat na ang araw. Ang liwayway ay tumungo sa kanlurang bahagi ng kalangitan. Lahat ay abala sa pagtitinda hanggang ang dilim ay humalik sa lupa ng sanlibutan. Kasabay nito ang serena ng dumating pero paalis na barko. Tapos na ang kalakalan at kailangan nang lumisan. Pero ang naiwan nitong marka sa merkado ay mananatili kailanman. Marka ng masiglang merkado na mas binuhay ng Hoskyn’s at iba pang negosyante sa gilid ng Calle Real sa puso ng syudad ng Iloilo.

LIMLIMAN. Calle Real noon na nagging mitsa ng masiglang kalakalan sa Iloilo.

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

PHOTO SOurce: nereO cajilig lujan

KASAYSAYAN NG ILOILO RIVER WHARF Muelle Loney na tinatawag ding Iloilo River Wharf noon, kasalukuyang ginagamit bilang pier ng mga roro at iba pang klase ng barko. Pero sa kabila nang kasalukuyan nitong estado, ito ay may malaking ambag sa kasaysayan ng Iloilo sa larangan ng kalakalan. Dito nagsimula ang malawak na kalakalan sa bayan at maging sa ibang kuniktadong parti ng mundo. Naging dahilan ito sa paglago ng industriya ng asukal sa rehiyon. Source: https://www.exploreiloilo.com/do/info/ muelle-loney-iloilo-river-wharf/

filipino | sining

TatĂş: Tatak ng Pagkakakilanlan isinulat NI MDPN. JOHN ROVIC T. LOPEZ MGA LARAWANG KUHA NI: MDPN. JAYLAND E. SINGUILLO guhit NI MDPN. VINCENT JAY A. VIGO

apansin-pansin ang mga maliliksing pag-indak ng mga paa sa kalsada, kasabay ng mga paghampas ng tambol at mga pagkanto ng indak. Mabubusog rin ang iyong mga mata sa mga kasuotan nilang gayak na gayak na tila sumasabay rin sa bawat kilos ng mananayaw. Ngunit ang pinaka nakaaagaw-pansin ay ang mga ibaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t-ibang hugis at dibuho na makikita sa kanilang mga katawan, na siyang hindi lamang ordinaryong mga tinta, kundi sagisag ng kung sino sila.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

PHOTO SOurce: TravelSwiTHaHObO

PAGTATATU’. Pagkakakilanlan nating mga Pilipino

Putong Ang pútong ay anumang kasuotan, karaniwang tela, para sa ulo. Sa sinaunang tao, ang pútong ay maaaring nagsimula para sa praktikal na gamit.

Kangan Pantaas na damit ng mga sinaunang pilipino

Alahas Tanging mga mayayamang tao sa isang tribu ang nakakasuot nito. Sumisimbolo sa pagiging mayaman at makapangyarihan.

Tatù Sumisimbolo sa katapangan ng isang mandirigmang Pilipino. Ang may pinakamadaming tatú sa tribu ang siyang pinakamatapang.

Punyal Ang maikling patalim, gamit mang sandata o para sa pang-arawaraw na gawain, ay karaniwang tinatawag na punyál.

https://www.ﬂickr.com/nccaofﬁcial/

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

Sa loob ng humigit-kumulang dalawang dekada, ang mga mamamayan ng lungsod ng Passi sa Iloilo ay nagtitipontipon taon-taon upang magkaisa sa pagdaraos ng kanilang piesta— Ang Pintados de Passi Festival. Tuwing ikatlong linggo ng Marso, inaabangan na ang iba’t-ibang pagtatanghal at aktibidad sa lungsod. Ngunit ang pinaka inaabangan ay ang pagpapaligsahan ng iba’t-ibang tribu na siyang kinalalahukan ng mga mananayaw na kung hindi man balot na balot ang katawan ng tatú ay may mga minimal na tinta sa mga partikyular na bahagi ng katawan. Ito ang kardenal na pokus ng pagdiriwang, ang mabigyang halaga ang sining ng pagta-tatú at ipagbunyi ang mga pamana ng nakaraan. Marami ng mga pagdiriwang sa probinsya ng Iloilo ang ibinatay sa mga sining, tradisyon o kulturang patuloy paring umiiral o hindi kaya’y sa mga tuluyan ng nakaligtaan. Ang Pintados de Passi ay isang kaparaanan upang sariwain ang sining at pagkakakilanlan na unti-unti nang nakakalimutan ng karamihan sa mga taga-Panay. Lingid sa kaalaman ng nakararami, ang sining na ito ay naging bahagi na ng kultura at pamumuhay ng mga tao sa Panay bago pa man bahiran

PHOTO SOurce: TravelTrilOgy

ng impluwensya ng mga mananakop ang lupain. Mayaman ang isla ng Panay sa mga kulturang pamana. Ang kasaysayan nito ay malawak at mahalaga. Malago ang isla sa mga alamat nito at tradisyon na siyang umakit sa atensiyon ng iba pang kultura kahit bago pa man dumating ang mga Kastila. Ayon sa mga mananalaysay, bago pa man ibinigay ni Miguel Lopez de Legazpi ang tawag na “Pan hay in este isla” (May pagkain sa isla) na nang lumaon ay naging “Panay”, ay may ilan nang naging pangalan ang isla. Tulad na lamang ng Aninipay (tanim na karamiha’y matatagpuan dito) at Madia-as (ang pinakamataas na bundok sa isla). Ngunit may isa pang katawagan na ibinigay ang mga Espanyol sa Panay. Tinawag nila itong ‘Isla de Pintados’ matapos nilang matagpuan ang mga taong balot ng Tatú sa katawan o ang tinatawag nilang ‘Pintados’ (mga taong pintado ang katawan) na siya ring pinagbatayan ng pangalan ng pagdiriwang ng Passi. Ang sining ng pagta-tatú ay kinagawian na ng mga tao sa Panay noon ayon sa chronicler na si Miguel de Loarca sa isinulat niyang ‘Historica Pre-Hispanica de Filipinas Sobre la Isla de Panay’. Inilarawan niya ang pagta-tatú sa proseso ng paggamit ng maliliit na bakal na may tinta sa dulo, ginagamit na panturok sa balat. Ang tinta na ito ay napapasama sa dugo kaya hindi ito mabura-bura. Ang kinagawiang ito ay nagiging pananda rin ng pandigmang estado ng mga kalalakihan. Kapag marami ang Tatú sa katawan, siya ay isang makisig at may mataas na estadong mandirigma. Habang maaaring punuin ng mga kalalakihan ang kanilang katawan ng tinta, ang mga kababaihan naman ay pinahihintulutang magtatú sa isang braso lamang. Ang Tatú rin ay nakakapang-akit ng paghanga para sa kababaihan at ng damdaming kahigtan sa mga kalalakihan. Ngunit nang sinimulang binyagan ng Espanya ang Pilipinas lalong-lalo na ang mga tao sa Panay, unti-unti nang nawala ang tradisyon at sining ng pagta-tatú sa paniniwalang pagano ang tradisyong ito. Subalit hindi natinag ang mga mananalaysay at mananaliksik sa paghahanap ng paraan upang ibalik ito o hindi kaya’y kahit sa simpleng paggunita lamang sa sining na ito, ay mabigyang

BAKAS NG TINTA. Natural na pamamaraan ng pagtatatu’

PINTADOS. Isinasabuhay ang mga unang tao sa Panay.

halaga ang ating kasaysayan. Ang pagdiriwang ng Pintados de Passi ay naging isang mabisang paraan upang bigyang liwanag ang sining ng pagta-tatú na maipakilala sa buong isla at maging sa buong mundo. Naging mas makabuluhan ang pagdiriwang na ito hindi lang dahil sa mga maliliksing pag-indak sa kalsada, sa mga tunog ng tambol at pagkanta, sa mga makukulay na kasuotan ng bawat mananayaw o sa pagkakaisa ng mga mamamayan ng Passi. Naging mas makabuluhan ito

dahil sa pagbibigay buhay nito ulit sa isang napakahalagang bahagi ng ating kultura’t kasaysayan— Ang Pagta-Tatú. Marahil ang sasabihin ng iba, ito’y mga adorno’t palamuti lamang sa katawan, o simpleng mga marka ng tinta sa balat para sa paghanga at impresyon. Ngunit kagaya ng mga tinta, ang mga Tatú na ito ay pawang nanalaytay na rin sa dugo ng mga taga-Panay, bilang sagisag ng kanilang kasaysayan, marka ng kanilang pinagmulan at tatak ng kanilang kasarinlan at pagkakakilanlan.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

filiPino | KULTURa

Tinig at Salita: Hudyat sa Panibagong Yugto iSinulaT ni MDPN. NIÑO B. MALDECIR mga larawang kuHa ni MDPN. MARK JOSEPH D. ALOVERA guHiT ni MDPN. VINCENT JAY A. VIGO

akailang beses pinihit ng may-ari ng karinderia ang radyo. Tinatansiya ang eksaktong numero na papatungan ng pula na linya. Ilang ulit na pinabalik-balik hanggang sa matumbok ang hinahanap. Sabik na siyang marinig ang paboritong anchor man lalo na’t may pagdiriwang sa araw na iyon. Nakausli ang tenga ng lahat. Hinihintay ang salitang ibubungad ng mamamahayag. Yaon ay ang mga suki niyang araw-araw na kumakain doon. Hindi nagsasawa at nakasanayan na nila ang luto ng ale, parehong bagay na nakahiligang makinig kay Picoy. Naghahamon ang sikat ng araw sa sandaling iyon. Gustong subukan ang tatag ng balat at lalamunan ng nais magbilad sa sikat niya. Uhaw ang kanal ng

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

mga pampublikong kalye. May barikada at hindi madaanan ng sasakyan. Matiyagang binabaybay ng mga lakwatsero’t lakwatsera dala ang pamatid uhaw.

Bihis na bihis ang siyudad sa araw na iyon at kung naging tao lang ay tila may pupuntahang gayak. Napuno ang bawat sulok nito at naka-abang ang pagbati ng mga banderitas. Sa bawat kanto ay may tugtugan, inuman, at pagtitipon-tipon ng mga magbabarkadang kolehiyo. Walang humpay ang kanilang kantyawan habang pumapapak ng cotton candy at maluhaluhang isinusubo ang di pa lumalamig na hot cake. May mga dayong walang humpay sa pagpapakuha ng litrato sa mga lalaking puno ng uling at mantika ang katawan,

nakasuot ng makukulay na costume. Ang lahat ay pawisan, hindi alintana ang maalinsangang haplos ng hangin. Pasarapan ng timpla ang mga nag-iiyaw sa estante, halos di magkanda-ugaga sa bumibili gayun pa’t nagkakaubusan na ng yelo para sa mga inumin. Sa kabilang banda ay may paradang nagaganap. Lahat ng gustong makasaksi ay nagsisihanap ng magandang puwesto upang matunghayan ang palabas. Halos hindi makasingit ang sipat ng mata sa dikit-dikit na balikat ng mga tao. Nakakabingi ang sarap ng musika dala ng mga instrumentong umaagapay sa bawat galaw ng mga mananayaw. May pag-ibig ang pagtatanghal, may pagsambang sinubok ng panahon, at may pananampalataya sa bawat indak na pinagtibay ng tradisyon. Sa mga sandaling iyon ay nakapwesto na si Pacifico S. Sudario sa kanyang upuan, mas kilala sa palayaw na Picoy. Hinihintay na umere ang kanyang segment sa radyo upang magbigay ng komentaryo sa mga balitang nagaganap sa loob at labas ng Iloilo. May pagkagalak sa kanyang mukha at pagkasabik dahil sa muling pagkakataon ay makapagbibigay siya ng update sa kasalukuyang nagaganap sa Iloilo Ati Atihan, isang pagdiriwang sa pagdating ng Señor Sto. Niño ng Cebu. Kanyang tatalakayin ang ugat ng nasabing pagdiriwang at kung ano na ba ang mga pagbabago na naganap simula ng itampok ito sa mga masa. Si Sudario ay pinanganak noong ika17 ng Mayo, taong 1917 sa Zarraga kung saan niya iginugol ang mahabang panahon ng kanyang kabataan bago niya tapusin ang kurso sa pamamahayag. Si Picoy na ikinasal kay Marietta Benemile ay nabiyayaan ng walong anak na sina Eunice, Gideon, Smyrna, Lydda, Phoebe, Mara, Miriam at Dinah Joy. Sa taong 1960’s ay nakamit niya ang kasikatan sa napiling larangan sa pamamagitan ng walang kinikilangang komentaryo sa samu’t saring isyu sa lipunan. Taong 1968 nang dinala ni Padre Sulpicio Enderes ang replica ng Sto. Niño ng Cebu na agad na itinuloy sa simbahan ng San Jose, kung saan nagaganap ang novena tuwing Biyernes bilang pagbibigay pugay sa imahe. Nagdulot ng malaking epekto sa

masa, sa kapanahunan ni Picoy, ang pagdating ng imahe ni Señor Sto. Niño de Cebu. Ang imahe ay sinalubong sa paliparan nina Padre Ambrocio Galindez, O.S.A. San Jose Parish. Ang “Fluvial Procession” ang naging marka sa pagpapatibay ng kulturang patuloy na pinagyayabong sa mga sumunod na taon. Ang siyam na araw na novena ay siyang pagtitipon-tipon simula sa Quirino-Lopez Bridge papuntang Fort San Pedro na sinusundan ng prosesyon pabalik sa simbahan, bagay na naging palatandaan sa kung gaano kalalim ang pananampalataya ng mga diboto. Nagtanghal ang kampyon na “Black Beauty” bilang tanda ng kauna-unahang Iloilo Ati-Atihan na ginanap tuwing ikatlong lingo ng Enero, isang linggo pagkatapos ng pagdiriwang sa Kalibo. Tuloy-tuloy ang kasiyahan sa mga nag daang taon kung saan naging patimpalak ang nasabing pagdirwang sa taong 1970. At sa taon ding iyon ang Tribu Majapahit ng kompanya Maritima ang kinoronahan bilang kauna-unahang

kampeon habang nasungkit naman ng Tribu Ma-Mau ng Nenaco ang grand slam award sa mga taong 1971,1972,1973. Sa mga sandaling iyon ang makikita ang pagkamangha at galak sa mga mata ni Picoy. Tahimik niyang sinasaksihan ang kasiyahan nang walang pag-aatubiling mabanggaan ng mga nakikipagpatinterong turista. Kanyang nawari ang mga bagay-bagay na maari niyang ma-iambag upang mapalago ang kultura, nang sa gayon, ito’y magdulot ng nakahahalinang kwento sa mga taong nakapanood at sa mga nais manood. Naging bahagi ng malawak na diskurso at debate kung paano papangalanan ang sarili nating pagdiriwang upang maiwasan ang pagkakapareho nito sa Ati-Atihan ng Kalibo. Lumitaw ang mga salita kagaya ng hirinugyaw, kasadyahan, at iba pang salita na makatawag pansin sa diyalektong Ilonggo ngunit sa kabila nito ay isa lang ang nangibabaw – Dinagyang. Ang nais ipaabot ni Picoy sa salitang dinagyang ay kung paano ipinagdiriwang

SIMBOLO. Ang Sto. Niño bilang hudyat ng makabagong panahon sa Iloilo.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

KOMENTARYO. Kuha ni Picoy sa panahong namamayagpag ang kanyang karera bilang anchor man.

ng masa ang kultura. Iyong makikita ang mga nagsasayawan, may kiliti sa bawat ngiti ng mga labi, at ang hindi matatawarang pagpupunyagi sa niyakap na pagsamba. Ayon sa malalapit na kaibigan ni Picoy, nang ikwento nito kung paano nga napag-isipan ang nasabing salita, hindi niya inasahang sasagi ito sa kanyang isipan. At nang binitawan ang Dinagyang ay sinabayan ito ng paboritong niyang ekspresyon na “husto ina!” na sa katunayan ay kalimitan niyang ginagamit sa tuwing may natutumbok na isyu ang kapwa niya mamamahayag.

PAGPUPUNYAGI. “Tribu Ma-Mau,” unang nag-grand slam sa Dinagyang.

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

Simula noong 1977 ay nakilala sa buong mundo ang natatangi nitong kasikatan. Dinarayo ng mga samu’t saring tao sa loob at labas ng bansa sa may layuning masulyapan ang ganda at sigla ng Dinagyang Festival. Nagpatuloy si Picoy sa kanyang larangan sa mga panahong namamayagpag sa bawat taon ang Dinagyang. Nakatrabaho niya ang mga beteranong sina Ed Morales, Ed Padilla, at Brasileno; lahat ay nakibahagi sa masasayang alaala kagaya na lamang ng mga diskurso at panlipunang diskurso sa kanilang pinagsaluhan sa mahabang panahon. Si Picoy ang naging mitsa upang makilala ang salitang dinagyang hindi lang sa Pinas kundi pati narin sa ibang panig ng mundo. Ang kanyang naiambag ay isang malaking ihemplo sa kulturang isinasabuhay ng mga Iloggo. Isa siyang haligi na dapat bigyang pugay. Nagtapos ang makasaysayang pakikipagsapalaran niya sa buhay noong Abril 24, 1989 sa edad na 72 nang ininda niya ang cerebral stroke sa pangatlong pagkakataon. Halos isang taon nang hindi narinig ng ale ang paboritong si Picoy. Ilang beses man niyang pihitin ng pabalik-balik ang radyo ay wala na ang nakagisnang tinig. Naabusan na ata ito ng laway ang nagsasalita at pinili munang mamahinga. Marahil ay kinapos na ito sa lakas sa pagpapakawala ng

ANG PINAGMULAN NG STO. NIÑO Ang Santo Niño ay isang kristiyanong imahe ng banal na sanggol na si Hesukristo. Ito ang naging pangunahing santo patron ng lalawigan ng Cebu. Bilang isang imahe lamang ay hindi ito sinasamba bagkus ay pinahahalagahan ng marami. Ayon sa aming pananaliksik, noong dumating si Ferdinand Magellan sa Cebu noong 1521, si Rajah Humabon, kasama ang kaniyang asawa na si Amihan gayun din ang mga 800 na mga katutubo ay ninais na mabinyagan bilang Katoliko. Noong dumating si Miguel Lopez de Legazpi at ang kaniyang mga tauhan sa Cebu noong 1565, isa sa mga sundalo ang nakatuklas ng isang kahon na may imahen ni Santo Nino. Ito ay napapaligiran ng bulaklak at mga pigurin ng mga anito. Mula sa pagsayaw ng Sinulog at pagbubunyi kay Santo Niño ay naganap sa loob ng 44 na taon sa pagitan ng pagdating ni Magellan at Legazpi. Idineklara ng Augustinian order na ang naturang imahen ay milagroso at itinatag nila ang simbahan kung saan ito nadiskubre. Ipinangalanan ito sa San Agustin church at di maglaon ay pinalitan ito ng Basilica Minore del Santo Niño. Source: http://pinoyclassic.blogspot.com/2012/10/ ang-banal-na-santo-nino.html

komentaryo. Magtatakip silim na at kailangan na niyang magpahinga bilang paghahanda sapagka’t Dinagyang kinabukasan. Hindi lamang salita kundi pagdiriwang na naghandog ng panibagong yugto sa kanya, sa kanyang mga suki, at sa nakararami.

PILAGTIK. Ang musika ng mga kawayan na nagiging kaagapay sa indayog ng mga mananayaw.

Himig ng Awitin, Bakas ang Kasaysayan ng Sining iSinulaT ni MDPN. JULIUS CAESAR P. ALFARAS mga larawang kuHa ni MDPN. MARK JOSEPH D. ALOVERA

sang masidhing emosyon ang kusang nabubuo sa manipis na hangin sa tuwing pinasasayaw niya ang kanyang mga daliri sa makintab na piyesang itim ng piano. Nakapikit man ang mga mata, natutukoy parin ng kanyang mga daliri ang mga notang nakahahalina, na tila ba sila ang nagsisilbing pandinig at gabay sa himig ng musika. Mga musikang nagsisilbing tulay sa kasaysayan at kasalukuyan na nililinang at pinalalago ng katulad niyang tinatawag na maestro ng musika. Dahil dito, nakalilikha siya ng iba’tibang uri ng musika. Mula sa mabagal at madamdaming tugtog, hanggang sa untiunting pagbilis ng ritmong paulit-ulit at tila mga nagdiriwang tono na naghahatid ng indak sa mga puso ng sinumang makaririnig ng kanyang tugtugin. Mga tugtuging naghimok sa kanya upang mahalin ang propesyong humahasa sa mga tulad niyang labis ang pagmamahal sa obra ng musika — sa pagpapanatili at pagpapayabong ng kulturang Pilipino. Ito ang patuloy na pinapahalagahan ni Prof. Argiel P. Resurreccion bilang isang Kurong Direktor ng Conservatory of Music ng San Agustin University. Isa si Pro. Resurreccion sa mga haligi ng Ilonggo music sa Iloilo. Sa katunayan, nitong 2011, siya ang humawak bilang direktor ng kurong Handumanan ng John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (Arevalo), Inc. (Jblfmu-A) kung

saan naging matunog ang institusyon sa mga parangal na kanyang natanggap, isa na dito ang parangal mula sa WIMAPHIL kung saan nasungkit niya ang parangal sa musika. Isa sa kanyang layunin na tulad ng iba pang mga kurong direktor at mga mang-aawit na mapaunlad ang awiting Pilipino at maipakita sa karatig-bayan o maging sa mga bansang banyaga ang kulturang sinasalamin ng awitin. Ilan sa mga halimbawa ng awiting Pilipino ay ang “Kundiman” ng mga Ilonggo at “Dalawidaw” naman ng mga Negrense. Ayon kay Prof. Resurreccion matutukoy ang isang awitin o tugtog kung saan ito nagmula base sa salitang ginamit dito. Sa ibang salita, ang dayalektong ginamit sa isang kanta ay maaring gawing panukoy sa pinagmulan ng isang awitin. “Basta Hiligaynon ang text, it is

consider as Ilonggo music. That is the main characteristic nga dapat naton i-consider. Kung kanta siya ti, through its text- Hiligaynon text. Kung instrumental, dapat ta mabal-an kung sino ang composer naman ni. Whether he or she is a natural born Filipino, Ilonggo man ukon Hiligaynon,” (Maaaring tawaging Ilonggo music ang isang awitin sa pamamagitan ng teksto (dayalektong ginamit). Kung ito naman ay isang kanta, ito ay sa pamamagitan ng teksto- isang tekstong nasa Hiligaynon. Ngunit kung ito naman ay instrumental, marapat lamang na tukuyin kung sino ang gumawa ng kanta. Maaring siya ay likas na Pilipino, Ilonggo man o Hiligaynon), pahayag ni Prof. Resureccion. Ayon kay Prof. Resurreccion, ang mga awiting ating napakikinggan ngayon ay nag-ugat sa makasining na konsepto ng mga pangkat etniko o ang mga taong nabibilang sa mga tribo sa ibat ibang panig ng Pilipinas. Ang mga awitin o tugtuging ito ay tinatawag na folk song o mga kantang para sa lahat; ano mang antas sa buhay, o lipunang kinabibilangan ang isang tao, pawang naglalarawan o nagkukwento ito ng mga ganap sa buhay sa pamamagitan ng

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

PHOTO SOurce: andreaguancO.cOm

filiPino | sining

Sa katunayan, naitatag ang Ilonggo Music Festical na ngayon ay mas kilala bilang Bombo Music Festival noong 1985. Ito ay isang estasyon sa radyo kung saan inaanyayahang makiisa ang mga tanyag na mang-aawit sa iba’t ibang panig ng bansa sa paggawa ng orihinal nilang piyesa ng kanta. Samantala, kung kaninong kanta ang mapipili, ang siyang makatatanggap ng parangal. Hanggang ngayon, patuloy pa rin itong isinasagawa ng Bombo Radyo nang sa gayun mabigyan ng pagkakataong maipakita ng mga mang-aawit ang pagpapahalaga nila sa sining at kultura nating mga Pilipino. Likas na sa ating mga Pilipino ang pagkahilig sa ano mang himig ng musika kung saan napapaindak o di kaya ay kusa na lamang tayong napapasabay sa mga lirikong may roon ang isang tugtugin. Isa itong patunay na tayong mga Pilipino ay masugid na nagpapayabong sa makulay na mundo ng musika dahil sa kulturang mayroon tayong mga Pilipino na sa mga himig ng awitin, mababakas ang kasaysayan ng sining.

RITMO. Mahusay na itinugtog ni Prof. Resurreccion ang piyesang nagbigay buhay sa silid.

PAGTATANGHAL. Buong husay na ipinakita ng Kurong Kinaadman ang talent nila sa pag-awit ng mga awiting sumasalamin ng kulturang Pilipino.

MUSIKANG PILIPINO Ang Original Pilipino Music o OPM ay isinilang sa panahon ng Batas Militar. Noong dekada 1970, ang industriya ng musika ay hindi pumapabor sa mga lokal na musiko at higit na pinapaboran ang pagsasahimpapawid ng popular na musikang dayuhan. Ang musikong nagbigaydaan para sa pagkilala sa OPM ay ang bandang Juan de la Cruz, na binubuo nina Joey “Pepe” Smith, Mike Hanopol, at Wally Gonzales. Nakilala silá lalo na sa kanilang awit na “Ang Himig Natin.” Ang titik ng awit ay paglalarawan sa kalagayan at mithiin ng musikong Filipino sa panahong iyon at paghamong magkaisa upang maitanghal ang kakayahan ng mga lokal na musiko. Noong 1950s nag-umpisa ang unang Pinoy rock at ang sumunod na mga taon, nagbigay agad ng parangal sa Pilipinas ang Rocky Fellers, isang bandang puro Pilipino. Noong 1970s naman nagumpisa ang “Manila Sound”. Sumunod dito ang “folk music”. Ang pinakasikat na gumagawa ng “folk music” noon ay si Fredie Aguilar. Ang kanta niyang “Anak” ay sumikat sa buong Asya at Europa. Hindi naglaon ay nag-umpisa din ang mga “Underground music” na limitado sa publiko dahil sa kakulangan sa kapital. Source: https://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/nccaofﬁcial/ 18450665061

PAG-UUNGKAT. Masusing inilahad ni Pro. Resurreccion ang ilan sa mga detalye tungkol sa ebulusyon ng awiting Ilonggo.

PHOTO SOurce: www.PanaynewS.neT

tunog ng mga katutubong instrumento. Katulad na lamang ng mga kantang Ilonggo: dandansoy, isang kantang nagpapaalam sa sinisinta; ili-ili, kanta para sa paghehele o pagpapatulog ng sanggol at marami pang iba. Datapwat pinaniniwalaang nagmula ang mga awitin sa mga pangkat etniko, walang dokumento umano ang makakapagpatunay nito sapagkat isang katangian ng folk song ay naipapamana ito sa pagsasalin-dila. Bagamat walang tiyak na makapagpapatunay ng pinagmulan ng musika, hindi maikakaila ang impluwensya ng bansang Espanya sa larangan ng musika, na kung mapakikinggang mabuti ang bawat estilo at “beat” o indak ng tugtugin. Kaya hindi maitatanggi na isa sa katangian nating mga Ilonggo ay ang pagkahilig sa “composo” o ang kantang nagkukuwento ng kalagayan sa buhay tulad na lamang ng awiting laging ipinapatugtog sa radyo tuwing hapon, “masubo matuod”- awiting nagkukuwento ng labis na paghihinagpis at pagsisisi sa loob ng selda.

filiPino | MaKaTaOng KaWiLiHan

Kwento ng Kayamanang ipinamana iSinulaT ni MDPN. LOWEEN JOHN H. SELOTERIO mga larawang kuHa ni MDPN. JAYLAND E. SINGUILLO

amumutawi sa istruktura ang ibinahagi ng nakaraan. Mga posteng pundasyon, na naging sandalan ng katalinuhan. Mga bintana’t pintuan na naging bulwakan ng kaalaman at mga pisarang guhitan ng mayayabong na ideya mula sa kaisipan. Saksi ang lupang tinitirikan sa mga punlang ibinaon na lumago sa paglipas ng panahon.

Araw ng huwebes, walang sinag ng araw ang nakausli sa makapal na tumpok ng ulap. Di maaninag ang liwanag, di nagtagal ay paunti-unting bumagsak ang mga butil ng ulan sa lupang tinaniman ng karunungan. May mga batang sumilong sa isa sa mga kwarto ng paaralan. Bakas ang hingal sa mukha at hinahabol ang hininga. Sa kanilang pagpasok ay ang pagsulpot ng mga ideyang parang kitikiting nagsisipaglaro sa kanilang isipan. Nagtataka’t nagtatanong kung bakit at paano. Biglang nagsalita ang guro sa likod, inilahad na ang lahat ng kanilang nakikita ay produkto ng nakaraan. Ang nakaraan ng Baluarte Elementary School. At doon nagsimula ang kwento ng guro habang tanaw ang mga lumang litrato sa dingding ng kwarto. Ang paaralan ay unang ipinatayo

noong 1905 sa lupa ni G. Roman Maravilla isang residente ng Baluarte sa Parian (Molo sa kasalukuyan) sa munsipyo ng Irong-irong (Iloilo sa ngayon). Ito ay mayroong dalawang silid-aralan na gawa sa nipa at kawayan, na donasyon ng mga taga-roon. Tinatawag silang mga “Baybayon”, isang organisasyon ng mga magulang sa Baluarte na tumulong upang matupad ang mithiing makapagpatayo ng paaralan sa nasabing lugar. Una itong nagkaroon ng una’t ikalawang baitang na may 65 na mag-aaral at karamihan sa kanila ay mga taga-roon na hindi nakapag-aral dahil sa kakulangan ng paaralan. Salat ang bayan sa edukasyon kaya nang maipatayo ang paaralan ang lahat ay nagmithing makaangkin ng karunungan. Ang gobyerno ay hindi pa nag-

uumpisang magpatayo ng mga gusali nang ipinatayo ang Paaralan ng Baluarte kaya tinagurian itong pinakaunang pampublikong paaralan sa Pilipinas na nakapagpatayo ng gusali sa panahon ng pamamalagi ng Amerikano. Matapos maipasa ang Gabaldon Act nong 1907 doon pa lang nakapagbigay ng pondo sa pagpapatayo ng mga paaralan sa buong Pilipinas. Sa pagpapatuloy ng kweto, inilipat ng lugar ang paaralan sa lupa ni Dr. Timoteo Consing na malapit sa dagat at dalawang silid-aralan ang muling ipinatayo. Sa taong 1908, muli itong inilipat at ipinatayo sa lupa ni Gng. Baldomera Dingcong sa harap ng bahay ni G. Rosendo Mejica. Sa tulong ng G. Rosendo Mejica, na bilhan ng mas malawak na lupa ang paaralan sa taong 1910. Nagsulat siya ng isang liham para sa konseho ng munisipyo ng Iloilo para bilhin ang lupang sa harap ng kanyang bahay na may lapad na isang hektarya. Di naglaon, sa taong 1920 nabiyayaan ang paaralan ng Php10,000

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

NGITI. Sumisimbolo sa karunugang ipinamana.

mula sa Php 45,000 na perang nakalaan para sa pagpapatayo ng paaralan sa Iloilo. Dala ng swerte nang kapalaran at sa tulong ng mga taong gustong magkaroon ng maayos na edukasyon sa Baluarte. Noong 1923, nagkaroon ng bagong mukha ang paaralan. Naging ganap na itong elementarya at tinawag na Baluarte Elementary School. Mula sa dalawang silid-aralan yumabong ito sa 18 na klasehan. At sa taong 1925, Marso

KAUNAUNAHAN. Larawan ng mga unang nagsipagtapos sa Baluarte School kasama si Don Rosendo.

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

31, unang ginanap ang pagtatapos ng mga mag-aaral sa elementarya. Galing sa mapagkumbaba nitong simula, nakapaglikha ito ng mga mag-aaral namakatutungtong na sa sekondarya. Bitbit ang karunungan nakalap, nagtataka’t nagdadalawang isip parin ang mga bata. Nagtataka kung sino ang nanguna para maipatayo ang paaralan at nagdadalawang isip kung saang ideya nagsimula ang lahat. Muling nag

kwento ang guro at kanyang inilahad na nagsimula ang lahat sa iisang tao – Si Don Rosendo Mejica o Tio Sendo. Si Tio Sendo ang pinanggalingan, siya ang puno’t dulo patungkol sa pagpapatayo ng Paaralan ng Baluarte. Ipinatayo niya ito dahil sa nakikita niyang kakulangan ng edukasyon sa lugar. Isa siyang Pilantropo na may pagmamahal sa kanyang kapwa. Anak siya nina Rufino isang Chinese at Eulogia isang Espanyol. Ipinanganak sa Baluarte sa taong 1872 at napangasawa si Pillar Madrazo na nagkaroon ng siyam na supling. Di man isang purong pinoy pero ang pagmamahal sa lupang kinagisnan ang nangunguna sa kanyang puso’t kaisipan. Di laki sa yaman si Tio Sendo. Pagkatapos makapag-aral ng dalawang taon sa elementarya ay napatigil siya dahil sa hirap ng buhay. Nagtrabaho bilang magsasaka sa Negros at naging karpentero sa Iloilo para lang makapagtapos. Sa taong 1896 nakamit niya ang Degree of Derito Mercantil mula sa Escuela Profesional de Artes y Oficios sa syudad ng Iloilo. Naging pinakaunang propesyonal siya sa Baluarte at naunang nabigyan ng lisensya bilang CPA sa Iloilo. Naging una

SAKSI. Paaralan sa harap ng bahay ni Don Rosendo na sumubaybay sa pag-unlad nito.

din siyang taga-ingat yaman ng munisipyo sa Bacolod sa taong 1902. Tumira siya sa Negros at doon namuhay ng mahabang panahon. Pero sa kabila ng magandang pamumuhay sa Negros mas pinili siyang bumalik sa Iloilo para makapagpatayo ng paaralan noong 1905. Naging isa niyang Konsehal sa Iloilo sa mahigit 30 na taon mula 1906 hanggang 1936. Pinarangalan din siya ng Iloilo Press Club bilang “Dean of Visayan Journalist” at ng Konseho ng Iloilo bilang “Dean of Municipal Councilor”. Habang ang labi ng guro ay nagsasalita, ang mata ng mga bata ay di magawang kumindat dahil sa tuwang nailathala. Kung susumahin lahat ng naging ambag ng paaralan sa lipunan, makalilikha ito ng mahigit isandaang libro. Mga libro ng tagumpay sa buhay mula sa mga batang nagsipagtapos rito. Kaya marahil tinagurian ang Molo bilang “Anthens ng Pilipinas” ay dahil sa naging masusing paghubog ng paaralan sa mga mag-aaral nito. Pero ang lahat ng masasayang kwento ng tagumpay ay may malungkot na estorya. Di rin hamak ang pinagdaanan ng paaralan. Noong 1941, dahil sa Ikalawang Pandaigdigang Digmaan, natigil ang pag-aaral ng mga taga Baluarte. Muli ito binuksan noong 1944. Pero hindi doon umayos ang lahat. Matapos magbukas ang paaralan ay sinunog naman ito ng mga Hapon noong Agosto 27, 1944. Ang mga pangyayaring

DAKILA. Imahe ni Don Rosendo Mejica.

ito ang mas nagpatibay sa paaralan. Ihemplo ito ng katatagan, na sa ano mang hamon sa buhay ay dapat bumangon. Tinanong ng mga bata ang guro kung bakit hanggang sa ngayong panahon nananatili parin ang elementarya. Nakangiting sumagot ang guro at sinabing, dahil ito sa mga taga-roon na patuloy na tinatangkilik ang paaralan bilang tahanan ng edukasyon. Sambit pa niya, dahil rin ito sa mga gurong dekalidad na nagsisilbing ilaw sa madilim na landas ng mga bata. Sila ang tunay na sekreto kung bakit ang Paaralan ng Baluarte ay nakalikha ng mga tanyag na personalidad sa Pilipinas tulad nina Frankil Drilon at Rodolfo Ganzon, kapwa naging senador ng Pilipinas. Tumirik ang ulan at kami’y nagpaalam kay Ma’am Myrna na may guhit ng ngiti sa aming mga mukha. Kami ang mga batang na sambit na binahagian ng kwento ng paaralan. Mga batang hindi bata sa pisikal kundi sa kaalaman. Hindi man namin nasaksihan ang simula, pero tumatak sa aming puso’t isipan ang kwento nang pinagmulan ng eskwelahan. Napakagandang kwento na dapat ibahagi at ipagmalaki sa iba. Sa paglisan bitbit ang karunungan, napagtanto namin na ang Elementarya ng Baluarte ay hindi lang isang paaralan, ito ay walang katulad na kayamanan na ipinamana ni Tio Sendo sa kanyang lupang sinilangan. Naway ang pamanang ito ay maikwento ng higit pa sa 114 na taon para sa mga susunod na henerasyon.

UNANG MGA GURO SA PILIPINAS Pangkalahatang tawag ang Thomasites (Tó·ma·sáyts) sa mga gurong Americano na dumating sa Filipinas mula1901. Bunga ito ng pangyayaring nakasakay sa bapor US Army Transport Thomas ang pinakamalaking bilang ng gurong Americano—509 gurong (368 lalaki at 141 babae)— na dumating sa Maynila noong 23 Agosto 1901. Sinaklaw ng tawag na Thomasites pati ang naunang 48 gurong sakay ng Sheridan na dumating noong Hulyo1901, gayundin ang sumunod pang mga pangkat na ipinadalá. Noong 1902, umaabot sa 1,074 ang mga gurong Americano ns idinestino sa iba’t ibang pook sa Filipinas. Karaniwang 540 ang ibinibigay ng mga historyan na bilang ng mga gurong sakay ng bapor Thomas, ngunit ito ay maaaring suma total ng 509 guro, 14 batà, 4 nars at 13 asa-asawa ng mga guro. Nang dumating ang mga Thomasites noong 1901, naghihintay na ang 4,000 estudyante sa 29 paaralan. Masasabing sa kanila nagsimula ang edukasyong publiko. Marami sa kanila ang nagsiuwi matapos ang unang kontrata, ngunit higit na marami ang nanatili sa bansa nang maraming taón pa. May 100 sa kanila ang nanatili sa Filipinas hanggang kamatayan. Ang hulíng Thomasite, si Mary E. Polley na dumating lulan ng Thomas, ay yumao sa Lungsod Pasay noong 1953. Source: https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/ thomasites/

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

filiPino | TEKnOLOHiYa

litratong Guhit sa naunang imbensyon ng Kamera iSinulaT ni MDPN. JASHEM A. BARDIES mga larawang kuHa ni MDPN. JAYLAND E. SINGUILLO

arawan ang siyang umukit ng katotohanan sa panahong lumipas at tila isang mahiwagang bintana sa pagdungaw ng mga sandaling pananatili sa nakaraan. Tanging sa mga larawan lamang maaring itigil ang takbo ng oras at sa bawat pagmasid natin ay kasabay ang pagbalik ng ating mga ala-ala sa kung saan nagsimula ang lahat. Maipipinta ng isang kuha ng larawan ang daang libong katagang tanging ang may sidhi ng damdadamin ang makakahinuha. Mababakas sa bawat paggalaw ng mga ngiti, mga mapupungay na ekspresyon ng mga mata at kumpas ng kamay ang sumisimbolo ng mga anggulong nakakasalamuha ng bawat kwentong nais ipahiwatig. Ang kamera ay isang kasangkapan o aparatong nakakakuha ng mga larawan o litrato. Sa Latin ang Camera Obscura ay nangangahulugang “madilim na silid”. Ang pamantayan sa pagagmit nito ay kapag lumabas ang liwanag sa isang maliit na butas papasok sa isang madilim na kahon, lilitaw sa katapat na pader ang pabaligtad na larawan ng session. Naging simulain ito sa pagtuklas pa ng mga

VOL.59 nO.1 | The DOLPHIN

imbensyong makabago. Maiiugat ang pinagmulan ng kamera sa pangunguna ni Joseph Necephor Niepce isang imbentor na Pranses bilang unang nakalikha ng permanentenng larawan na kuha sa kamerang naimbento nina Charles at Vincent Chavalier noong 1826. Simula nito ay umusbong na rin ang iba’t ibang imbentor na nagnais ilarawan ang reyalidad sa panahong kanilang kinabibilangan. Taong 1837 ng nalikha ni Jacques Mande Daguerre ang kamerang tinatawag na Daguerreotype. Hindi umano kumukupas ang larawan na makunan nito at kumakailangan lang 30 minutes na exposure. Nalikha naman ni William Henry Talbot noong 1841 ang prosesing tinatawag na Calotype, ang kauna-

unahang negative-positive printing process na naglalayong makapag-develop ng maraming kopya ng isang larawan. Isang tinatawag na Collodion process, na nangangailangan lamang ng 2-3 segundo ng exposure sa ilaw na nanggaling sa araw upang makuha ang larawan ang nalikha ni Frederick Scott Archer noong 1851. Taong 1888 naman inimbento ng Eastman ang Kodak roll film camera. 1963 naman noong inilabas ng Polaroid ang tinatawag na instant colour film. Ipinakita naman ng Canon noong 1984 ang tinatawag na electronic still camera at noong 1985 inilabas ng Pixar ang digital imaging processor. Sa ngayon, tila pinakaginagamit na ng mga tao ang tinatawag na digital photography sa pamamagitan ng mga cell phone at digital camera. Ang digital photography ay gumagamit ng electronic photodetectors upang kumuha ng larawang nai-focus ng lente ng kamera. Ang nakuhang larawan ay nadi-digitize at naiaambak bilang isang computer file na maaari nang makita agad, i-proseso o

kaya i-print. Hindi maikakaila ang mabilis na pagkahumaling ng mga piling tao na tangkilikin ang paggamit ng kamera. Dahil sa mabilis na paglaganap ng kamera, nagging mabisang paraan ito para kuhanan ng katibayan ang mga pangyayari sa kasaysayan. Kasagsagan ng pananakop ng mga Kastila ng nabuksan ang larangan ng potograpiya sa bansa na may impluwensiyang kanluraning litratista na mula sa Europa. Nabuksan ang mga estudyo sa Pilipinas mula 1840 hanggang 1890. Malaki rin ang ginampanang bahagi ng kamera sa kasaysayan ng potograpiyang pangangalakal. Unang nakunan ang dalawang larawan ng Intramuros noong taong 1840. Gayundin ang paggamit ng litrato sa mga tanawin ng Pilipinas bilang batayan sa mga ginuguhit na larawan para sa mga lathalaing babasahin, katulad ng mga magasin at gabay sa paglalakbay. Binigyang daan nito ang pagpapalaganap ng balita at impormasyon sang ayon sa katayuan ng kolonya noong panahon ng pananakop. Naging instrumento rin ito para lalong manghikayat ng mga turista na aparato sa pangangalaga ng mga natatanging likha sa sining at antropolohiya. Kasangkapan sa pakikipag-ugnayan, sanggunian sa mga ilustrasyon at pag-uukit. Tiyak na iginuhit ng tadhana ang pagkatuklas ng kamera dahil nabigyang linaw nito ang mga talang nakalimbag sa kasaysayan. Sinasabing ang unang larawang nakunan sa Pilipinas ay nagmula pa noong taon ng 1840, kung kalian kinuha ang dalawang napangalagaang larawan ng Intramuros, Maynila at ng litratistang si W.W. Wood. Datapwa, ang unang naitalang pagkakataon ng paggamit ng potograpiya sa Pilipinas ay nabanggit sa pahina ng isang aklat na isinulat ni Sinibaldo de Mas noong 1843. Mas lalong naging pangkaraniwan ang pagkuha ng mga larawan sa Maynila at sa iba pang mga bahagi ng Pilipinas mula noong 1860 hanggang sa mg a sumunod pang mga taon. Naging mainam na paraan ang potograpiya sa pagpapalaganap ng kaalaman at kasanayan sa ibaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t ibang larangan. Pagkatapos ng DIgmaang Kastila-

Amerikano, ipinasa ang pamamahala ng Pilipinas ssa Estados Unidos. Ipinagpatuloy ng mga Amerikano ang pagkuha ng mga litrato ng Pilipinas na isinagawa ng mga sundalo at ng mga Thomasite. Maituturing na unang Pilipinong photographer si Felix Laureano ayon kay Ginoong Francisco G. Villanueva, pangunahing organizer ng photo exhibit sa isang art gallery na binuksan noong nakaraang Hunyo 10 hanggang 26 sa University of the Philippines Visayas. Si Laureano ay ipinanganak sa Patnongon sa Antique noong 1866. Ang photo exhibit ay nagtatanyag at naglalayong ipahayag ang mahigit 55 na larawan na nagpapakita ng mga kuha ng simbahan, kalye at ang pamumuhay sa mga Pilipino noong 19th Century. Kabilang rin ditto ang mga larawan na nakunan niya sa studio sa Barcelona, Spain at sa Iloilo City. Naging malaki ang papel na ginampanan ng kamera sa pagunlad ng mga lupain sa isang organisadong sibilisasyon. Nang dahil sa mga lente ng kamera ay nailathala ang mga katagang makakapagbigay buhay sa mga tagpong dati tila tanging sa isipan lamang isinisiksik. Noong hindi pa uso ang cellphone at tablet, mga propesyonal na litratista at kakaunting mamamayan lamang ang nakikinabang sa paggamit ng kamera. Ngunit sa paglipas ng panahon, hindi na rin

MGA ANGULO SA PAGKUHA NG LITRATO Ang mga karaniwang uri ng anggulo atÂ pagkuha gamit ang kamera, ayon sa teksto ay: 1. Long Shot - malayo ang pagkuha upang maipakita sa mga manunuod ang kabuuan ng senaryo at lugar 2. Medium Shot - kuhang mula tuhod o baywang pataas upang magbigay pokus sa maaksyong detalye o dayalogo 3. Close-up Shot - kuhang may pokus sa iisang bagay at hindi sa paligid 4. Extreme-Close up Shot - halimbawa ay ang pagpokus sa mata lamang 5. High Angle Shot - mula sa itaas ang anggulo 6. Low Angle Shot - mababa ang posisyon ng kamera 7. Birds Eye view Shot - madalas ay ginagamitan ng aerial shot Source: https://brainly.ph

kailangan na maging isang professional na photographer para makapagsabuhay ng larawan, dahil kahait saan ka tumingin nandoon na ang malawakang paggamit ng cellphone at iba pang makabagong imbensyon. Isang imbensyon ang kamera na may napakalaking papel sa pag-usbong ng bawat larangan sa lipunan. Hindi lamang nakunan nito ang mga tagpo ng kasaysayan bagkus nakakabit din dito ang mga ala-ala ng mga taong may lalim na minimithi at hangarin sa buhay at sa bayan.

DIBUHO. Mga kamera sa lumipas na panahon.

The DOLPHIN | OCTOBER 2019

filipino| sea experience

That thing called, Layp on Bhord (Buhay sa Barko) isinulat at mga LARAWANG KUHA NI AB ANGELO A. CASAÑARE

ng umaga ay payapa nang biglang tumunog ang orasan. Naglalakbay sa aking malawak na isipan ang mga guni-guning nag naghahabulan. Kailangang bumangon, kailangan tumayo. Panibagong araw na naman. Hindi para mag-aral sa apat na sulok ng kalsehan kundi maglakbay sa maalong buhay ng karagatan.

Kung sa talambuhay lang sa gitna ng mabangis na dagat, kotang kota na talaga ako siguro. Payak lng naman ang pamumuhay sa barko, madali kung kalmado ang karagatan at pasimple lang kung inaalat at inaalon ang rutang patutunguhan . Japan. Kaba ang nanguna sa puso kong tila nag-uunahan. Nagtatanong kung bakit at tagalang ito ba ng papasukin kung propesyon. Ito ang bumabagabag sa aking katauhan ng una akong sumampa ng barko. Tanaw ang imahe ng aking sasakyang barko, tila humupa ang tensyon sa nag-aalab kong puso. Heto na talaga. Wala ng ayawan. Dumating kami nang bago mag tanghalian sa barko. Pagkatapos kumain ay nagpahinga ng kaunti. Pagpatak ng mga menos kinse ng alas kwatro ng hapon bihis na agad saka nagrelyebo ng gwardya. Sa mga oras na iyun parang

VOL.59 NO.1 | The DOLPHIN

umaayon sa tadhana ang aking kapalaran. Madali lang naman palang maging seaman. Gwardya gwardya lang ang labanan. Pero biglang nag-iba nag simoy ng maalat na hangin. Bandang alas dos ng madaling araw may tumawag sa telepono at sinabing “Maglinis na ng bodega”. Hindi ko inaasahan na ang bodegang iyun ang magpapamulat sa akin. Kimintal ang tanong sa aking isipan noong una palang kung kaya ko ba ito. Napasabi ako ng “Oo”, pero sa naranasan kung pagod sa sitwasyong iyun, napaungol ako at kaliwa’t kanang lumingi ang aking ulo Vietnam. Pero hindi doon natatapos ang lahat. Tumba-tumba na naman ako sa pagtatrabaho kasama ang aking mga kabaro. Ilang beses na magdamagang duty mula alas-dose ng umaga hanggang alas-sais ng umaga. Tuliro ang utak habang nakamasid sa tanawing tila walang hangan. Di hamak ang trabaho na parang

darating sa punto na aayaw na aking katawan. Mapapaisip kanalang na ang “swerte mo sa malas”, parang suicidal ang nagaganap. Mga mooring operations na kay hihiram, sabayan pa ng mga madaldal na utos ni kapitan. Sa mga panahon na iyong wala akong magawa kundi tanggapin nalang ang aking tadhana. Pero sige lang banat lang ng banat. Habang suot ang kapote sa ilalim ng madilim na kalangitan nag-arya kami ng lubid sa kilid. Naghihintay ng ulang papatak pero wala. Imbis na maligo sa ulan naligo ako sa pawis ng aking katawan. Ang lahat ng pagod ay unti-unti nang nanonoot sa bawat hibla ng aking ugat. Biglang nanilim ang aking paningin. Walang letra ang makahahambing sa pakiramdam na aking natamasa. Pagod at hirap ang naghahalo dahil sa walang tulog na pagtatrabaho. Tanging magagawa ko lang ay magdasal at sabihin sa sarili na mabubuhay pa naman ako. Chile. Sa lahat ng aking pinagdaanan ito talaga ang hindi ko malilimutan. Nagsisiliparan ang mga paruparu sa aking tiyan dahil sa pananabik na makasampa sa mas malayo pang lugar. Tatlumput isang

araw na byahe galing Japan papuntang Chile. Galing kami ng dockyard noong mga panahon na iyun. Pero kung gaano ako kagalak, grabe ang trabahong naghihintay sa akin. Halos wala ng tulog ang aking nararanasan. Antok at pagoda ng nagtitimpla sa aking kaluluwa. Dumating na sa punto na tingi ko anemic na ako at hinanghina na ang aking katawan. Masaya lang sa pagbabarko ay nakakarating ka sa iba’t ibang panig ng bansa. Ang mga holiday at shore leave ang bumubuhay sa nalalantang kalungkutan sa loob ng bawat marino. Pero ang pinakamahalaga sa lahat ay ang pagkakaisa ninyo sa loob ng barko. Mga tropa na kung tawagin na kayang lapitan sa oras ng alanganin. Sa lahat ng pinagdaanan ko bilang isang marino, ang hindi ko maikukumpara ay noong naging Oridinary Seaman (OS) na ako. Hangang langit ang aking ngiti dahil sa wakas paunti-unti ko ng mararating ang ruruk ng tagumpay. Di man sa ngayon pero sa minimithi kong sa susunod ng pagkakataon. Kahit na naging OS na ako wala parin namang nagbago sa mga trabahong kinakaharap ko. Mga duty na pamatay at mga papeles na dapat ipasa on time. Di mabilang na pagod ang kumintal sa

aking mga alaala. Pero patuloy lang sa paglalayag at pag-ikot ng mundo. Di madadama ang pagod hanggang may sweldong ipapadala sa pamilyang umaasa. Sa barko. Sa aking kunting karanasan ng paglalayag, maipapayo ko sa kapwa kabaro na kailangang ingatan ang kalusugan. Sa ating napiling propesyon, hindi pera ang mahala. Mas dapat paring pagkaingatan ang kalusugan dahil maituturing itong yaman. Wala masama sa paminsan-minsan. Paminsan-minsan nap ag-inom para makapaghalubilo sa iba. Sa kabila ng marami nagsasabi na ang marino ay may maraming pera - totoo naman talaga iyun. Hindi maikakaila na kumikita kami ng mataas na sahod, pero di naman lahat ay napupunta sa amin. Kalahati ay tumutungo sa aming pamilya, panggastos sa pang-araw-araw na buhay. At higit sa lahat ay napupunta sa aming mga training at seminar. Natingin natitira ay tingitingi at kaunti. Kung tutuusin ang pagiging marino ay delikado. Bumabaon ang isang paa sa lilim ng hukay dahil sa panganib at pangamba na maaring mangyari. Tanging maibabahagi ko lang ay mag-ingat parati. Gawin ng tama ang trabaho, at maging matiyaga dahil ang “Layp on Bhord” ay di madali.

BAKIT GUSTO NG MGA PILIPINO MAGING SEAMAN? Maraming dahilan ang mga Pilipino kung bakit nais nilang maging seaman. Ayon sa Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA), umaabot sa 400,000 Pilipinong seaman ang nededeploy kada-taon. Marami sa kanila ay nangingibang bansa upang suportahan ang kanilang mga pamilya at mapagbuti ang kanilang pamumuhay. Anu-ano pa ba ang mga benepisyo ng pagiging isang seaman? 1. Oportunidad na Makarating sa Iba’t-Ibang Bansa Marami sa atin ang nangangarap na makarating sa ibang bansa, kaya’t di na nakapagtatakang marami sa ating mga kababayan ang nagbabakasakaling makapagtrabaho bilang seaman. Ang mga seaman ay nabibigyan ng pagkakataong maranasan ang iba’t-ibang lugar, lalo na sa international route vessels. 2. Ang Makukuhang Kasanayan Ang mga kasanayang makukuha sa pagiging seaman ay maaari mo din magamit sa iba’t-ibang mga industriya, sa barko man o sa lupa. Malawak ang sakop ng mga kasanayang maaaring matutunan sa barko, kaya’t angkop ito sa mga taong gustong hasain ang kanilang kasanayan. Source: https://www.seamanjobsite.com/article_item171/Bakit-Gusto-ng-mga-Pilipino-Maging-Seaman

VOL.59 NO.1 | The DOLPHIN

Malds

Rov Sir Mike

Juls Bards

Ken Boss Bry

Vigs Tubs Mark

Owennz

Franz

jay

P14.00 â&#x2030; HARDWORK;

Perseverance and Necessity is Priceless

THE DOLPHIN MAGAZINE VOL.59 NO.1 OCTOBER 2019

Articles inside

kultura

makataoNg kawilihaN

sEa ExpEriENcE

siNiNg

siNiNg

tEkNolohiYa

makataoNg kawilihaN

culturE

covEr storY

food

INTERVIEW

dEvcom

TOURISM

dEvcom