1.3.3.4 Structure system The traditional bearingIwalls construction systemIin the house was economicalIbecause the buildings were built using theIlocal materials which wereIextracted from the surroundingIenvironment. WallsIwere built by Karshif particles which areIbonded with Siwan silt mortar. CeilingsIwere madeIof palm woodIand oliveIleaves to strengthenIthe roof against the rain. IThe openings forIwindows and doorsIwere rectangular shapeIand they were made fromIpalm treesIwood. The building' façadesIwere plastered using aIspecial kind of green siltIfound in Siwa, in orderIto make the building anIeco-friendly. In addition, the final wallsItexture is rough to break sunIrays in order to provide shade onIthe facades as long as possibleIto decrease theIamount of absorbedIheat. Karshif is a stone naturallyIformed atIthe shores of the salt lakes. It particles consistImainly of salt bondedIwith clay andIfine sand. The stone haveIirregular shapes withIdifferent sizes, typicallyIvaried from 50 to 200 mm.
Figure (53) palm tree used as beams (Mohamed A. F., 2019)
Figure 54 ceiling plan of siwan house (research direct,2020)
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