TEMA DE PORTADA // nº 50 // Primavera 2022
Addressing climate change: transforming global risks into national and local opportunities for action Amy Cano Prentice, Ewa Klimowicz, Lisbeth Waagstein // OECD
Consistently topping the World Economic Forum’s list of global risks, climate change presents large risks that make the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its future vulnerabilities pale in comparison. Given that the failed action on climate change, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity are ranked respectively first, second and third in the list of the top ten global risks over the next decade, there is an ever-present need to turn climate ambitions to concrete outcomes at the international, national, regional, and local levels. The momentum created by the Paris Agreement and maintained by the yearly United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP) meetings, the latest taking place in Glasgow, has been encouraging. Yet the international community still has a long way to go to collectively address unevenly distributed emission sources and climate impacts. Data-driven target setting and monitoring of progress towards net zero in a comparable way across countries
are integral to supporting accountability, transparency, and achievement of the goals set by Article 4 of the Paris Agreement to collectively mitigate and adapt to global climate risks. Against this backdrop, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) launched the International Programme for Action on Climate (IPAC) in early 2021 to assess and support progress towards a more resilient economy by 2050. As countries commit to net zero emission targets around mid-century and reinforce their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2030, IPAC helps countries to measure progress in meeting their climate goals, while taking into account their respective capabilities and national circumstances. IPAC also facilitates the trajectory to net zero through tailored policy recommendations and sharing of good practices, making commitments credible and operational. IPAC is articulated around four components: the Dashboard of climate-related indicators, the Annual Climate Monitor, the Country Notes and the Policies in Practice platform (Figure 2).
Figure 1. The pace of emissions reductions should be accelerated to achieve the NDC 2030 targets. Millions of tonnes of CO2 equivalent, preliminary estimate, 1990-2030 4600 4400 4200 4000 3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000
EU GHG emissions level, scope as defined in NDC 2030 target EU linear trajectory from Paris Agreement to NDC 2030 target EU linear trajectory from last data point to NDC 2030 target
2030
2025
2020
2015
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
Paris Agreement
Zero emissions reference line
Fuente: IPAC Dashboard. Note: The OECD is currently developing a methodology to estimate the NDC 2030 emission reduction targets by individual EU Member States, including France. The methodology would take into consideration the joint EU NDC submission, relevant EU legislations and additional NDCs submitted by countries on an individual bassis.
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