Terminology . Kampung is an Indonesian term to refer to informal settlements which means village. Kampung was originally used to define informal village located in rural areas. Today, the terminology is widely used to refer informal settlements in the cities, or called urban kampung, because the similar characteristic to that in rural areas. The common characteristic of kampung is irregular, unorganised, informal (Sihombing, 2004), autonomous, self-sufficient, low density, and strong social bonds. Initially, kampung was not associated with slums, however since the term has expanded to refer the condition in the city due to overcrowding and dilapidating infrastructure, kampung can be used to denote informal settlements, slums, and/or squatter settlements (Obermayr, 2017). Thus, the kampung characteristic slightly changes in urban kampung into such as high density, tenure security issue, close to source of livelihoods, and small local economy (Anindito et al., 2018). Three traditional community values in Indonesia:
Self-help, Cooperation, Kinship.
14 | Background and Context
