7. gardamavali xanis arqiteqtura

VII saukunis Sua xanebSi Cvensa da ara mxolod Cvens istoriaSi axali safexuri daiwyo. rogorc ukve windawinve vTqviT, gamoCnda axali didi politikur-religiuri Zala _ arabebi da maTi xalifati. axlave unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelo am samyarosaTvis, iseve, rogorc Tavis droze berZnul-romaulisaTvis, ganapira mxare aRmoCnda. SesaZloa, amanac gadagvatanina arabTa da mahmadianobis moZaleba Cven ufro iolad, vidre bevr sxva qveyanas, magaliTad, calkerZ irans da meorekerZ espaneTsa an CrdiloeT afrikas. asea Tu ise, mTel 300 weliwads Cveni istoriisas _ VIII, IX, X saukuneebs _ Cven dResac arabobis xanas vuwodebT. zogjer XI saukunesac vumatebT, magram cota meti mogvdis imitom, rom iq sxva Zalaa, arabebi ukve aRar arian. rasakvirvelia, es cneba met-naklebad pirobiTia, radgan, rogorc Tavis droze, ra Tqma unda, erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad Tqves jer giorgi CubinaSvilma (xelovnebis istoriis masalis gaTvaliswinebiT) da Semdgom simon janaSiam (politikur istoriul masalaze dayrdnobiT), araboba aris istoriuli saqarTvelos cxovrebis mxolod erT-erTi waxnagi, romelic srulebiTac ar asaxavs yvelafers, mTel sisavses misi cxovrebisas. winaTac mogaxseneT, rom arabebma, iseve, rogorc CvenTan 1801 wlamde mosulma sxva ucxo politikurma Zalebma, ar Secvales qveynis Sida wyoba, rac umniSvnelovanesi aRmoCnda. amitomac, TumcaRa amiras dajdoma TbilisSi garkveulad cvlida viTarebas, Zirfesviani gardaqmna im socialuri urTierTobebisa, im gezisa, romelic sazogadoebas wina xanaSi hqonda, man ver moaxerxa. sazogadoeba kvlav viTardeba Tavisi bunebrivi Sinagani muxtiT da ara garedan moxveuli ZaliT, raRac zemoqmedebiT. marTalia, pirvel xanebSi arabTa mosvlis Sedegi is aris, rom Tu manamde ori politikuri erTeuli iyo _ erTi gauqmebuli (magram mainc arsebuli socialur sibrtyeze, Tu saxelmwifoebrivze ara) dasavleT saqarTveloSi da erTi aR-

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mosavleT saqarTveloSi, axla aRmosavleTi da samxreTi saqarTvelo, romelic iyo qarTli, ramdenime erTeulad daiSala. maT Soris, raRa Tqma unda, pirvelobisaTvis brZola gaCaRda. zogjer miCumdeboda, miwynardeboda, zogjer ufro gacxoveldeboda, magram, faqtobrivad, XI saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sul aris es dapirispireba _ qarTli, kaxeTi da samxreTi saqarTvelo. qarTli, umravlesad, gamodis ukve, rogorc Tbilisis saamiro, magram, asea Tu ise, xom arseboben kidev qarTleli feodalebi, romlebic xan vis miemxrobian da xan vis da isic, Tumca Tavisi sakuTari politikuri Tavkaci ar hyavs, monawileobs am brZolaSi `erTobili qarTlisaTvis“ _ momavali erTiani saqarTvelosaTvis. es gezi, Camoyalibebuli, rogorc Cans, jer kidev antikur xanaSi, iwyeba jer kulturuli gaerTgvarovnebiT qarTuli qveynebisa, Semdeg grZeldeba qristianul epoqaSi da axla ufro gamokveTil politikur saxes iRebs, X saukuneSi xom mainc _ srulebiT aSkarad. afxazTa erisTavsa da Semdeg mefeebs, bagrationebs, romlebic klarjeTsa da taoSi damkvidrdnen Tu kaxTa xelisufalT _ yvelas unda lixis aqeT-iqiT erTiani samefo. `ciloba qarTlsa zeda~ _ arsebobs kidec aseTi termini, romelic gansakuTrebiT X saukunes axasiaTebs. am rTul viTarebaSi, rodesac ukve mosulia arabi, drodadro Tu aeSleba qarTveli romelime kuTxeSi, kvlav modis damsjeli Zala. mTlad sasacilo ambebi xdeba IX saukuneSi: arabi amira auxirdeboda xolme sakuTar xalifas da axla mis dasasjelad modioda laSqari, romelsac saqarTvelo unda gamoevlo. ase rom, isev Cvens kiserze tydeboda maTi erTmaneTSi uTanxmoebac da usiamovnebac. sxva mxriv, iyo erTmaneTTan gamudmebuli kinklaoba, xanac namdvili dapirispireba, romelsac Zlieri politikuri muxti hqonda da samomavlod sasikeToc ki, Tumca, cxadia, TavisTavad omi sikeTe verasodes iqneba. am urTules viTarebaSi xdeba friad ucnauri ram _ aRmavlobas ganicdis yvelaferi, rac aris sulieri. sakmarisia

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iTqvas, rom am dros, IX saukunis dasawyisSi, dasrulda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis damkvidreba. saqarTvelos eklesiam moipova mironis xarSvis ufleba da amiT ukve sabolood _ yvela ufleba. episkoposebs manamdec is irCevda da xeldasxamda, TviTonve irCevda Tavkacs, magram axla aRar darCa meti atributi, romelic SeiZleboda vinmes xelSi yofiliyo da saqarTvelos ki ar hqonoda. mas aqeT mcxeTel kaTalikoss sruli TviTmwysoba aqvs da Semdeg ukve patriarqadac iwodeba. didi aRmavloba aris qarTul mwerlobaSi. manamdec arian aSkarad xelovani literatorebi _ bibliis adreuli mTargmnelebi, Tundac `SuSanikis wamebis~ damweri iakob xucesi, `evstaT mcxeTelis wamebis~ avtori, gindac `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ avtori Tu avtorebi. yvelaferi es garkveul doneze metyvelebs, magram axla ukve iqmneba originaluri qarTuli himnografia. Tumca arsebobs mosazreba, rom naTargmni literatura sulac ar aris nakleboriginaluri, magram albaT mainc aris sxvaoba, raRacis mixedviT akeTeb Tu Tavad qmni, Tundac nimuSs Tvals usworebde. isic marTalia, rom xSirad Zveli da ara mxolod Zveli Targmanebi dednisagan ise gansxvavdeba, rom ukve damoukidebeli redaqciebia. ra saWiroa Sors wasvla, es bolo drois Cvens sakuTar kulturaSic SeiZleba inaxos. sakmarisia adamianma Caixedos da wikiTxos, magaliTad, rafiel erisTavis ori leqsi da maTi rusuli dednebi, raTa mixvdes, rom rafiel erisTavma amave motivze sxva gacilebiT ukeTesi leqsebic dawera. sapirispirod amisa, rodesac, vTqvaT, boris pasternakma qarTveli poetebi Targmna, sinamdvileSi qarTvel poetTa Temebze sakuTari leqsebi dawera _ es arc nikoloz baraTSvilia da arc aleqsandre WavWavaZe, es boris pasternakia. bunebrivia, Sua saukuneebSi, rodesac avtorobis cneba saerTod ar arsebobs, arc saavtoro ufleba axsendeba vinmes _ azri azria, is yvelas ekuTvnis. Tu viciT, vin ra Tqva, xom kargi, Tu ar viciT da nu viciT, mTavaria, is, rac iTqva, WeSmariti iyos _ ase fiqrobdnen antikur xanaSi, ase fiqroben Sua saukuneebSic. maSin aseTi gardasaxva kidev ufro mosalodnelia.

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albaT ukve filologebis movaleobaa, gagvarkvion, rodis gvaqvs saqme TargmanTan, gindac Zalian karg qarTul TargmanTan da rodis aris es raRac teqstis qarTuli versia. magaliTad, roca kiTxulob XII saukunis prozaul `visramians~, mgoni, sruliad aSkaraa, rom qarTuli nawarmoebi ar aris _ sxva poetikaa, srulebiT sxva gancdaa, magram rodesac, davuSvaT, XVII saukunis `Svid mnaTobs~ gadaSli nodar ciciSvilisas (ufro gviani magaliTi momyavs, magram principi igivea), ver ityviT, rom es specifikurad sparsuli poetikaa. yovel SemTxvevaSi, CemTvis, rogorc mkiTxvelisTvis, ar aris. es ukve filologma unda Tqvas, me meCveneba, rom gadmoqarTulebulia, Tu marTlac asea. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Targmanis tradicia Zalian maRali donisa aris da Tan skolebi arsebobs. faqtobrivad, yvela monasterSi mTargmnelebi sxedan _ vin siriulidan Targmnis, vin _ arabulidan, vin _ berZnulidan, vin _ somxuridan. Zalian bevria es Targmanebi. mere xdeba maTi Sejereba, mravalgzisi redaqtireba. rasakvirvelia, es gulisxmobs garkveul dones. yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT, redaqcia rom gavakeToT, xom dedans vadarebT? es imas niSnavs, rom namdvili filologiuri muSaoba warmoebs, Tan _ samxreT saqarTveloSi, im sxva qveynebis monastrebSic, sadac qarTveli berebi mravlad arian. esenia, pirvel yovlisa, sabawminda da sinas mTa, Semdeg, rasakvirvelia, aris ierusalimi, Semdeg _ ukve ulumbos mTa mcire aziaSi, Savi mTa antioqiasTan da, bolos, aTonis mTa. aq yvelgan mTargmnelebi sxedan, yvelgan gadamwerlebi arian, yvelgan asuraTeben, yvelgan nusxaven. gamalebuli muSaobaa gaCaRebuli. es _ rac Cven viciT. ra xdeboda saero literaturaSi, ubralod, ar viciT, magram dRes isic Tavisuflad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom IX saukuneSi rusTveluri Sairi ukve arsebobs, misi magaliTebi mopovebulia. Tumca es rogor xdeboda, vin iyo amis damweri, sad iqmneboda es literatura, Cven ar viciT, samwuxarod. SeiZleba raRac varaudebi gvqondes, magram jerjerobiT ar viciT. religiisa da eklesiis, qristianobis, mwerlobis moZlierebas Tan sdevs mTeli saqarTvelos saboloo gaqristianeba. pa-

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radoqsia, magram swored am politikurad Zalian aramyar droSi yvelaze myaria qristianoba saqarTvelos mTaSi. dasavleT saqarTveloSi, svaneTSi, qristianoba mxolod XVIII saukuneSi mosustda, maSin, rodesac, gauTavebeli politikuri ZiZgilaobis gamo, Sesustda kavSiri RvTismsaxurTa Soris, romlebic iyvnen svaneTSic da barSic. raRac dros isini ukve aRar eqvemdebarebian romelime episkoposs da, cxadia, eklesias veRar ekuTvnian. Tumca aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi, rogorc Cans, qristianobidan amgvari Camocileba ufro adre moxda. yvelas gvaxsovs cnobili ajanyeba, romelic konstantine gamsaxurdiam XI saukunes miawera, magram, sinamdvileSi, is XII saukuneSi iyo, Tamar mefis zeobisas _ fxovis ajanyeba. pirdapir wers mematiane, isini qristianobas Cemuloben imitom, rom jvars eTayvanebian, magram warmarTebi ariano. Cven xom viciT, ra salocavebi arsebobs aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi, ra aqvs saerTo am yvelafers qristianobasTan _ Zalian cota ram. samagierod, Tqven iq SegiZliaT naxoT naeklesiarebi IX, X an XI saukunis dasawyisisa. ufro gviani aRar aris, vidre XIX saukunemde. da mainc, yvelaze Zlieri qristianoba aris swored am dros. mere ukve mTiuleTsa da xevSi rCeba is kvlav Zlierad da fSav-xevsureTSi ratomRac sustdeba. ver getyviT, ratom aris ase, magram faqtia, rom am dros sulieri Zala qristianobisa Cvens qveyanaSi aSkarad mwvervalzea. aranakleb gasaocar viTarebas gvaCvenebs Cven arqiteqtura. xuroTmoZRvreba xelovnebis is dargia, romelic yvelaze metad aris damokidebuli politikur da ekonomikur garemoebebze. poetma nebismier nangrevSic SeiZleba daweros leqsi da xelSi erTi lukma puriTac, ramis aSeneba ki, Tu ar arsebobs amis saxsari _ ar aris mSenebeli, ar aris damkveTi, ar aris araferi _ ar gamodis. Tanac, mSeneblobas dro unda, anu Sen unda gqondes mSeneblobisTvis sakmao vada am dRidan im dRemde da am dros ar unda mogivardes viRac da ar unda dagamxos Tavze es Seni dawyebuli Senoba, xom asea? amitom am dros arqiteqtura TiTqos sakmarisad unda dakninebuliyo da damcrobiliyo, magram, ai, ra xdeba: erTi mxriv, didi nawili

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Zveli qalaqebisa marTlac ukan-ukan midis. magaliTad, arabobis Semdeg aRar aris qalaqi urbnisi, aRar aris nekresic, magram mere da mere, ukve X saukunidan, Cndeba axali qalaqebi da zogi maTgani pirdapir axalqalaqad iwodeba kidevac, zog axal qalaqs axalqalaqi ar hqvia, magram mainc axalia, zogi Zveli qalaqic rCeba. samagierod, Zalian farTod aris gaSlili mSenebloba soflad. aris uamravi sofeli, romelic, rogorc Cans, am dros gaCnda, imitom, rom iq TiTqos ar Cans ufro Zveli aRmSenebloba. Zalian farTod gavrcobilia samonastro mSenebloba geografiuladac da intensiurobiTac _ erT xeobaSi an axlo-axlo xeobebSi SeiZleba iyos, vTqvaT, ori-sami patara monasteri. dRevandeli borjomis midamoebSi, istoriul TorSi, ramden xevSic SexvalT, imdeni monasteri dagxvdebaT. zogjer Tavsa da boloSi ori monasteria. magaliTad, axaldabasTan, qvemoT, aSkarad namonastralia, zeviT waxvalT _ iqac namonastralia, erTi sityviT, bevria. unda vicodeT oRondac, rom es monastrebi ar aris mravalricxovani. Tu aRmosavleT saqristianos didi centrebSi, dasavleTSi, mere, ufro gvian, vTqvaT, ruseTSi, konstantinopolSi monastrebSi asobiT da zogjer aTasobiT beria, CvenTan, ra Tqma unda, es ase ar aris da verc iqneboda _ Cven arasodes vyofilvarT imdeni, rom didi savaneebi agvevso. bevri patara savane rom gvaqvs, esec ki sakvirvelia. sakvirvelia, im TvalsazrisiT, rom Tanadroulad mravldeba yanebi, venaxebi, selis yanebi, mexileoba da ra aRar. rogor xdeba es amden omSi, amden gawamawiaSi? ver getyviT, ar vici, magram, rogorc Cans, aq moqmedebs raRac. piradad me, rac xani gadis, sul ufro vrwmundebi, rom istoriaSi, garda racionalurisa, imisa, rac logikurad aixsneba (moxda raRac da amas mohyva raRac sxva), qmedebs kidev iracionaluri muxti _ qveracionaluric, dakavSirebuli wmindad bunebismier vitalur ZalebTan da zeracionaluric. ai, xom amboben, wm. giorgi didgoris omze qarTvelTa laSqars uZRodao. me, rogorc istorikosi, ver davadastureb, es wm. giorgi iyo Tu ara, magram iyo raRac imdenad sulieri, rac wm. giorgis Tanayofnad ga-

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nicadeboda. vinc sxvagvarad fiqrobs _ sxva saxeli daarqvas. Tumca faqtia, rom es iyo raRac iseTi, rac ar momdinareobda wmindad biologiuri energiidan. es iyo sxva tipis energia, romelic Semovida iq da me mas warmovidgen, rogorc zeracionalurs. gulwrfelad giTxraT, arc is gamikvirdeba, marTla wm. giorgi an romelime mTavarangelozi rom exilaT. asea Tu ise, sxvadasxva doneze qmedebs esa Tu is energia, romelTa Semosvla ama Tu im sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi da Semdeg iqidan gasvla mTlad martivad ar aixsneba. sxvaTa Soris, kidev ufro iolia, rom dainaxo, rogor xdeba gasvla da Tu ratom Semodis da ratom qmedebs, es ki cota gaugebaria. bolomde es energia Cvens sazogadoebaSi, RvTis wyalobiT, dRemde ar dawretila, Tumca iyo raRac xana, rodesac aSkarad daklebulia da es namdvilad Cans Tamaris mere _ aRar aris energia socialuri mSeneblobisa, saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobisa. Tumca, rodesac vfiqrob, mainc sul im azramde mivdivar, rom yvelaze marTali JamTaaRmwerelia, romelic amas zneobrivi daqveiTebiT xsnida _ aRar aris zneobrivi simaRle, aRar aris maRalzneobrivi etalonebi da, bunebrivia, pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba qveiTdeba, zrunvis muxtic iSriteba da yvelaferi daRma-daRma midis. mgoni, es, am SemTxvevaSi, gasagebia. isev Cvenda bedad, yvela epoqaSi Cndebodnen adamianebi, zogjer _ TvalsaCino adamianebic, davuSvaT, episkoposebi da berebi, romlebic amxeldnen didebulebs, vTqvaT, demetre Tavdadebuls, roca is arasworad iqceoda da ar dagidevdnen arc imas, rom mefe iyo, arc imas, rom Zala hqonda da bevri ram SeeZlo da pirdapir pirSi eubnebodnen, ase moqceva ar SeiZlebao. es imas niSnavs, rom momsmenic iyo da esec unda gaviTvaliswinoT. roca marto mamxilebeli aris, mas an Tavs aWrian, an yurs ar ugdeben. raki es daimaxsovres da matianeSi Seitanes, e.i. gamgoni iyo. roca istoriaze vsaubrobT, marto mTqmeli ar aris mniSvnelovani, gamgonis arsebobac Zalze arsebiTia. yovelTvis, yvela etapze Cndebian iseTi adamianebi, romelTac sityva eTqmiT, romlebic warmoadgenen sindiss, gonebas sazogadoebisas. aseTi pirovnebebi arian, davuSvaT,

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Tundac wm. qeTevan wamebuli, sulxan-saba orbeliani da bevri sxva. romeli erTi davasaxelo?! ai, Tundac XVIII saukunis bolos gasaocari movlena, dRes wminda mowameebad Seracxili dosiTeoz quTaTeli da eqvTime genaTeli _ adamianebi, romelTac SeeZloT gamxdariyvnen dasavleT saqarTvelos, imereTis, kaTalikosebi, magram isini Tavis win mcxeTel kaTalikoss ayeneben. ratom? aSkarad imitom, rom maT aqvT gancda erTiani saqarTvelosi, erTiani saqarTvelos eklesiisa da sakuTar Tavsa da sakuTar didebas aRar dagideven. swored isaa mniSvnelovani, rom amas akeTebs ara susti, ara uRirsi, ara usaxelo adamiani, aramed iseTi, romelsac gavlenac aqvs, gvariSvilobac, mxardaWerac da rasac moindomebs, yvelafris mopovebis SeZlebac. rodesac aseTi adamiani am nabijs dgams, es, mgoni, bevr rames mowmobs da me Rrmad mwams, rom aqamde swored maTi wyalobiT movataneT. namdvilad ar vaknineb im adamianTa Rvawls, vinc Tavi dado, xmali iqnia an, sindisis mxriv da fizikuri TvalsazrisiTac, bevri SeiWirva, magram mainc mgonia, rom, Tu ar arsebobs zneobrivi sazomi, zneobrivi simaRle, veraviTari xmali da zarbazani sikeTes ver moitans. amitom aris, Cemi uRrmesi rwmeniT, rom giorgi brwyinvalis brwyinvaleba ase male daqra _ rodesac xelmwife Tavis qristianul qveyanas monRoluri wesebiT marTavs, rodesac veragulad Seityuebs xalxs da daxocavs, rac man didebulebs damarTa, misi taxti myari ver iqneba. faqtia, verc iyo da mesame TaobaSi ise daemxo, rom imis iqiT ukve aRaraferia. bedia, rom misi SvilTaSvili, aleqsandre mefe, isev znekeTili da znesruli aRmoCnda, magram ukve misma Svilebma maincdamainc veRar ivarges. ras izam, es rTuli sakiTxebia. me mxolod imas mogaxsenebT, rom am dros, VIII, IX, X saukuneebSi, piriqiT, Cven gvaqvs Zalian Zlieri SemoqmedebiTi muxti, romelic yvelaferSi vlindeba da, aki geubnebiT, ratomRac gaSlilia mSenebloba, Tanac ara mxolod eklesia-monastrebis (rac, TavisTavad, cxadia, didi ambavia), aramed qalaqebis, cixeebis, soflebis. vin aSenebs, ratom aSenebs da, rac mTavaria, rodis aSenebs? rodis axerxeben omsa da oms

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Soris amdeni ramis agebas? rogor xerxdeba es, marTali giTxraT, ubralod gaugebaria, magram es aris faqti. Tanac CemTvis es aris mowmoba swored imisa, rom istoria ar daiyvaneba am tipis martiv formulebamde _ Tu erTiani saxelmwifo gvaqvs, yvelaferi kargad aris. ise aravin gamigos, rom me erTiani saxelmwifo ar momwons, Zalianac momwons. es namdvilad Zalian kargi da sasikeToa, magram erTianoba ar aris erTaderTi piroba, is unda iyos raRacis Sedegi, ai, maSin qmedebs sasikeTod. sxva ram xdeba, Tu es aris TviTmizani da Cven amis Zalian kargi magaliTi gvaqvs CrdiloeTiT, sadac arsebobs saxelmwifo saxelmwifosaTvis, qveyana ki Tvalsa da xels Sua ingreva an normalurad ver viTardeba. ruseTi, es uzarmazari da petre didis dros Zlieri qveyana, rogorc erTiani sazogadoeba, fexze verafriT damdgara, radgan, imis magivrad, rom rac aqvs, imas mixedos da mouaros, sul gaxleCilia, sul sazrunavad aqvs kidev raRacis Semateba. grigol robaqiZe ambobda, rusebma imperia moindomes, arada maTi saqme sakraluri monarqiaa, is unda hqonodaTo. iqneb marTalic aris. albaT viTareba sxvanairi iqneboda, Tuki Seqmnidnen qristianobaze dafuZnebul myar sazogadoebas, romelic ierarqiulad glexkacidan wamovidoda da mefiTa da patriarqiT damTavrdeboda, sazogadoeba erTiani rom yofiliyo da ara gaxleCili qalaqad, soflad, sxvadasxva wodebad. isini erTmaneTs Tvistomebadac ki ver aRiqvamdnen da, marTlac, Tuki memamule frangulad laparakobs da glexi _ sxva enaze, rogor unda gaigivdnen isini erTi sazogadoebis wevrebad?! ra Tqma unda, amitom aris iq saSineli mtroba, amitom aris aseTi saSineli rusuli ajanyebebi da revoluciebi, isini xom SigniT arasdros arian erTianni. Cven, sabednierod, sxva ram gvWirda, sxva ubedurebebi da sxva gansacdelebi gvqonda. Tumca, am mxriv, am saukuneebma, saukuneebma bunebrivi zrdisam, zrdisam Signidan, sulieri muxtidan da ara fizikuri siRonivridan, Semdeg sulTan misvla mogvasurva. da es sxvanairad SeuZlebelia, radgan sulTan kunTebiT, ubralod, ver mixval. sulma SeiZleba kunTi Seimosos, mas amdeni SeuZlia, magram

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kunTi ver Sobs suls an Sobs raimes damaxinjebuls, gaubedurebulsa da gaukuRmarTebuls. aranakleb mniSvnelovania is, rom araTu bevri Sendeba, aramed saintereso Sendeba. sityva `bevri~ vTqvi da barem imasac mivayoleb, rom me arc ki vici Cveni xelovnebis istoriaSi sxva epoqa, garda XVII-XVIII saukuneebisa, romelsac amdenive nageboba daetovebinos. zogjer xelovnebis istorikosebs, rodesac eqspediciaSi mivdivarT, gvrcxvenia kidec, vaxsenoT IX da X saukuneebi. magaliTad, erTxel Cemi kolegebi javaxeTidan dabrundnen. erT-erT eklesiaze vkiTxe, es ra aris-meTqi da uceb moiwyines _ X saukuneao... xom ar SeiZleba, rom yvelaferi X saukunisa iyos?! midixar sadRac da ar Tavdeba _ IX an X, X an IX... marTla ramdeni SeiZleba iyos?! ra vqnaT, asea! raodenobriobis gamo, es yvelaferi Zalian sainteresoa. yvela Sedevri ar aris, geniosi, rasakvirvelia, yovelTvis cotaa, magram am drois ostatebs aqvT survili, TavianT xmaze imReron. meqanikuri, cudi wambaZveloba, rodesac adamiani sxvisi xmiT simReras etaneba, Zalian iSviaTia. aris, cxadia, magram iSviaTia. samagierod, Zalian bevria SemTxveva, rodesac cxadad xedav, rogor gamoigona ostatma raRac da rogor uxaria, rom iseTi ram gaakeTa, rac sxvas ar moafiqrda. TviTonac xarobs da albaT _ misi damkveTic. kvali, romelsac es Semoqmedeba atarebs, aseTia. SeiZleba, me meCveneba da vigoneb axla, radgan xelovnebis istorikosobas aqvs es xifaTi, rodesac SenTvis raRacas warmoidgen da ggonia, rom es sinamdvilea, arada sxvanairadaa. zogjer marTla meCveneba, rom adamiani Tavs iwonebs, TiTqos ambobs, Semxede, damkveTo, ra SemZlebia da Sen ki ar mendobodio. iqneb vinme provincieli kaci yofiliyo, romelsac damkveTi qedmaRlurad uyurebda da isic tyavidan Zvreboda dasamtkiceblad, rom aravize naklebi ar aris da yvelaferi SeuZlia. xom SesaZlebelia? sityva `provincieli“ SemTxveviT ar gamaxsenda. saqme isaa, rom es xana, IX-X saukuneebi, aris epoqa bevri kuTxobrivi skolisa. patar-patarebia, magram Tan marTla skolebia. es ar aris saxelosno, romelmac, vTqvaT, 2 weli aSena da mere

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gaqra. iq aSkarad Cans im TaobaTa erTgvari kvali, romlebic erTmaneTs garkveul Cvevebs gadascemen. magaliTad, aseTi aris javaxeTSi, aseTi aris Sida qarTlis zeda _ qsnis, fciis, mejudas _ xeobebSi. iq es erTiani skolaa, TiTqos maT saTaveebTan aris sadRac am skolis bude da xeobebze iqidan vrceldeba. daaxloebiT, amdagvari suraTi ikveTeba. maTi centri sinamdvileSi sad iyo, ar mgonia, vinmem icodes, me, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ar vici. aseTi skolebi isaxeba dasavleT saqarTveloSic. magaliTad, imereTSi X saukuneSi aSkarad iseTi arqiteqturaa, romelic sxvebs ar hgavs. qarTlSi, kaxeTSic bevri aseTi patar-patara saxelosnoa, romlebic Semdeg tovebs memkvidreobas, aSkara skolebad gadaiqceva da ufro met mravalferovnebas iZleva. es mravalferovneba zogjer siWreledac SeiZleba mogveCvenos.

Zalian xSirad, rodesac am epoqaze laparakoben, gamodis kidec, rom es siWrelea. magaliTad, Cven SeiZleba, vnaxoT, erTi mxriv, Zalian rTulad dagegmarebuli Senoba, romelsac uamravi nawili aqvs. amisi erT-erTi uTvalsaCinoesi gamoxatuleba aris gurjaanis yvelawminda, romelic qveda sarTulze bazilikaa, xolo zeda sarTulze _ sameklesiiani bazilika, radgan navebis Tavze derefnebi gadadis, garSemosavlels qmnis da, amasTanave, zemodan ori gumbaTi adgas. aravis azrad ar mosvlia amisTana saocrebis gakeTeba da am adamianma aaSena. Tumca imave kaxeTSi aris, vTqvaT, cota mogviano xanis farcanis eklesia an odnav ufro gviandeli e.w. gumbaTiani saydari. gviandelebia, magram tendecia xom mainc unda iyos?! es eklesiebi amgvari tipsaa: gumbaTi oTx burjs eyrdnoba, aRmosavleTi burjebi ki gauqmebulia, is pirdapir Camoayrdnes afsidis kuTxeebs da ori burji datoves _ Zalian gaamartives gegma. erTma gaarTula, meorem gaamartiva. aris aTasnairi darbazuli eklesia, zogi _ gamartivebuli, SeiZleba sulac sameklesiiani bazilikebia gamartivebuli da darbazuls emsgavseba, SeiZleba darbazuli iyos garTulebuli da sameklesiians emsgavsebodes. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, TiTqos urTierTsawinaaRmdego veqtoriT midian: moculoba

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an umartivesia, an Zalian rTuli, maTSi elementebi an bevria, an moklebulia. magaliTad, gurjaanis yvelawmindis ostati VIII saukuneSi eklesiis fasadze uzarmazar jvars akeTebs. imave VIII saukuneSi zedaznis eklesiis fasadze, piriqiT, aTavseben jvars, romelsac, Tu saZiebo samuSao ar Caatare, verc ipovi. didxans unda aceco Tvalebi, Tu ginda SeniSno, rom sadRac iqve sarkmlis Tavzea, Tanac pirdapir mis gaswvriv ki ar aris, odnav gverduladaa. am ostatma, piriqiT, Camoaklo da is safasado samkaulad ki ar aqcia, aramed mxolod damcav niSnad datova, Sanad, avgarozad, sxvam ki igive niSani aqtiur dekoratiul elementad gaiazra. ra aris am yvelaferSi? ra xdeba? SeiZleboda, adamians Tavi bevri fiqriT arc Seewuxebina da eTqva, rom amgvari duRilis xanaa, rodesac yovelnairi Senoba iqmneba da amitom aris aseTi areuloba, magram ra vqnaT, rom am nagebobaTa Soris aris mxatvrulad gamarTuli nagebobebi? magaliTad, am xanis meore Sedevrze _ vaCnaZianis yvelawmindis eklesiaze _ giorgi CubinaSvili wers, Cven rom mogviano arqiteqtura ar gvcodnoda, verc vityodiT, rom amas SeiZleba istoriulad rame kidev mosdevdes, imdenad Camoyalibebuli arqiteqturuli koncefcia ariso. asea saerTod, ramdenic unda ilaparakon postmodernistma Teoretikosebma, xelovnebis nawarmoebi mTlianobiT fasdeba. maT ratomRac hgoniaT, rom mTlianoba niSnavs homogenurobas anu erTgvar primitiulobas. ase warmoudgeniaT da hgoniaT, rom, Tu Tqven SegiZliaT raimeSi aRmoaCinoT, davuSvaT, ori sxvadasxva warmomavlobis elementi, es aramTlianobas mowmobs. yuradRebiT Tu waikiTxavdnen TavianT winamorbed filosofosebs, aristotelesTan naxavdnen, rom harmonia aris mravalferovneba erTianobaSi da swored amas gulisxmoben xelovnebis istorikosebi, rodesac mTlianobaze laparakoben. iq SeiZleba sxvadasxva adgilidan motanili milionnairi wvrilmani iyos da Tu isini mTlianobaSi ar moaqcie, miiReb abdaubdas da gamogiva (teqstTan analogia rom moviSvelioT) gramatikulad gaumarTavi teqsti, saidanac Sinaarss ver gamoitan. marTalia, zogjer mgonia, rom dRevandelobis ideali

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swored es aris _ raRaca davwero da Sen ver gaigo, ra weria. me Tavs nebas mivcem, vifiqro, rom gasagebi teqsti gaugebarze ukeTesia da logikuri xelovnebis nawarmoebi abdaubdasa da aragamomsaxvels unda sjobdes. gaumarTavi xelovnebis nawarmoebi ver axdens mxatvrul zemoqmedebas. man SeiZleba Tqvenze fiziologiuri zemoqmedeba moaxdinos, magaliTad, dagTrgunoT imiT, rom Zalian mZimea, magram Tqven ar mogindebaT misi yureba _ es iqneba Tavi da bolo, zurgs ibrunebT da waxvalT. Tu mxatvruli asaxvaa gindac tragizmis, is aucileblad unda iyos awyobili da Tu auwyobelia, gaugebaria, is qaosia da sxva araferi, qaosi ki SeiZleba damTrgunveli iyos, magram veranair gamokveTil emociur zemoqmedebas ver moaxdens. is TqvenSi verafers gamoiwvevs, ubralod, ar mogewonebaT da damTavrdeba amiT yvelaferi. Tuki arsebobs aseTi sawyisi, is ramenairad unda gamoixatebodes. ar vici, sxvadasxva adamiani amas albaT sxvadasxvanairad axsnis. piradad me mgonia, rom am drois xuroTmoZRvrebas erTi mxatvruli principi aqvs da zogjer momindeba xolme, raRac erTi saxeli davarqva. mas zogjer `moulodnelobis princips“ veZaxi, magram es mTlad zusti ar aris. saqme isaa, rom am drois arqiteqtura, ragind martivi iyos, TiTqosda raRaca saidumlos ginaxavs. sul sami elementia, magram iseTi Sefardebaa, rom rogorc ki Tvals moaridebT, warmosaxvaSi aRdgena gagiWirdebaT. rodesac Tvalebs daxuWav da dainaxav raRac struqturas _ ai, ras niSnavs, gaxsovdes arqiteqtura. amaSi albaT yvela dameTanxmeba. davuSvaT, Tqven gindaT, auxsnaT nacnobs, rogor miagnos Tqvens binas. Tqven mas eubnebiT: Sexval sadarbazoSi, mere gauxvev marjvniv, axval kibeze, gauxvev marcxniv da win dagxvdeba kari. es niSnavs, rom Tqvens warmosaxvaSi arsebobs garkveuli sivrciTi sistema, elementTa garkveuli Sefardeba. aseTi struqtura, romelic, vTqvaT, klasikur xanaSi, VI-VII saukuneebis arqiteqturaSi, Zalian iolad warmoidgineboda, axla Znelad sarekonstruqcioa. SeiZleba raRac warmoidgino, magram uceb xvdebi, rom raRac dagaklda. magaliTad, vaCnaZianis yvelawmindaSi aris

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gverdiTi oTaxebi. iq uamravjer vyofilvar da rom mkiTxoT, gegmaze maxsovs isini sad aris, magram rodesac Sevdivar, yovel jerze maviwydeba, romlis ukan raa. ramdenjer damixedavs am naxazebisTvis, namyofic var da TiTqos vici, mainc maviwydeba. maviwydeba imitom, rom am elementTa Soris kavSirebi mravalferovania da isini Znelad warmoisaxeba iseT sivrcul formulad, romelsac Sen mere imaxsovreb. es ar aris nakli, es am arqiteqturis gamomsaxvelobis nawilia. es ar gaxlavT foriaqis, uamuri daZabulobis gamomwvevi arqiteqtura, magram aris xelovneba, romelic TiTqos odnav SemarTuls gamyofebs, ar mogadunebs. ar mogasvenebs-meTqi, getyodiT, magram cudi naTqvamia. adamiani mxar-TeZoze wromsa da mcxeTis jvarSic namdvilad ver warmogordeba, magram iqauroba giCens raRac imgvari simSvidis gancdas, romelic mere SeiZleba TvlemaSic gadaizardos. aq amis saSualeba ar aris. aq sul Cndeba raRac iseTi, rac TiTqos ar unda yofiliyo. ratom _ es aq? ai, es kiTxva am arqiteqturaSi Zalian xSirad Cndeba, Tumca es aTasnairad miiRweva. ratom aris gadawyvetaTa aseTi simravle? me mgonia, mizezi Zalian martivia: VI-VII saukuneebis arqiteqturam Seqmna konstruqciuli da mxatvruli xerxebis sakmao raodenoba, magram, rodesac adamianebma moindomes maTi saSualebiT raRac kidev gaekeTebinaT, bunebrivi gaxda am xerxebis Sereva. davuSvaT, romeliRac erTi elementi gumbaTovan arqiteqturaSi warmoiSva, romeliRac sxva ki _ ugumbaToSi. modi, SevaerTeb da vnaxoT, ra moxdebao, fiqrobs axla VIII saukunis ostati da, gurjaanis yvelawminda rom vaxsene, adgams bazilikas or gumbaTs. ar ekuTvnis bazilikas gumbaTi, magram man xom erTic icis da meorec. es ar gaxlavT im tipis siaxlis maZiebloba, romelic axasiaTebs bolo saukuneebs, XVI saukunis aqeT mainc _ me axla imisTanas vizam, rom yvelas davaCoqeb. mgoni, vTqvi kidec, rom mosmenili maqvs, rogor Tqva adamianma, iseTi ram unda Sevqmna, rom adamianebi muxlebze daecneno. mas aseTi survili hqonda. im droSi, ra Tqma unda, ase ar aris da, sxvaTa Soris, es Tavs iCens Ziebis tempSi. imis msgavsi Zieba, romelic

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CvenTan VII saukunis meore naxevridan X saukunis Sua xanebamde grZeldeba, XVI saukunis dasavleT evropaSi 60, sul bevri, 70 weliwadSi Caetia. CvenTan 300 weli dasWirda, iq ki _ 70. swored imitom, rom es muxti _ me axla yvelas unda davumtkico, ra magari var _ qmnis sxva temps. amas, Cvens ostats, ar eCqareba _ moafiqrda da xom kargi, ar moafiqrda da rac icis, imas gaimeorebs. mainc ar imeorebs, mainc sxvas akeTebs, magram ar eCqareba. viRac metad amsgavsebs Zvels, viRac _ naklebad amsgavsebs. imasac hyavs Tavisi momwonebeli, amasac hyavs Tavisi muStari. es Cans, Zeglebs etyoba. Tavad es nimuSebi arqiteqturisa amas gveubneba da Cven vxedavT am nel, Zalian xalisian mudmiv Ziebas. SeiZleba amitom Tanamedrove adamianisTvis, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cemi Taobis adamianebisaTvis, es TvalsaCino daZabva gonebisa, TvalsaCino amofrqveva warmosaxvis Zalisa, Zalian xibliani aRmoCnda _ Cven es arqiteqtura Zalian SeviyvareT. swored amitom Cven iq Zalian naTlad vxedavT, ras rogor eZeben da pouloben ostatebi. kidev vambob, SeiZleba, Cven ukve mere viwyebT mezRapreobas da mere vigonebT. marTla mgonia xolme, rom am Zeglebis amSenebli kaci amnairi unda yofiliyo. SeiZleba, sul sxvanairi iyo, magram is, rac man arqiteqturaSi aRbeWda aseTia da raRac mxare mainc am adamianisa amis Sesabamisi iqneboda. faqti isaa, rom es adamianebi gamudmebiT eZeben. maS, ra xdeba? imis gamo, rom ostatebi arsebuli xerxebiTa da elementebiT qmnian axals, roca am elementebs sxvanairad Seanawevreben da SeaerTeben, bunebrivia, uwevT maTi Secvla da am cvla-cvlaSi nel-nela xdeba erTi elementis meoriT Canacvleba. ai, magaliTad, CvenTan, uiSviaTesi gamonaklisiT _ da amgvari gamonaklisi ori viciT, Tu kidev gamoCnda, davuSvaT, xuTamde avides, magram ar mgonia, meti iyos _ aSeneben ara wreze, rogorc romaelebi, aramed kvadratze, rogorc sparselebi da Tu Tqven wres daadgamT kvadrats, kuTxeebSi samkuTxa monakveTebi rCeba _ wre ver avsebs kvadrats. es raRaciT unda gadaixuros da Cven, rogorc aRmosavleTi, somxebi, sirielebi da sparselebi, vavsebT amas e.w. trompebiT. es aris Zabriseb-

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ri moculobebi, romlebic mcxeTaSic, wromSic da saerTod yvelgan gvaqvs. rodesac kuTxeebSi trompebs daadgamT, sadac trompebia da trompebs Soris gumbaTqveSa TaRebi, TaRis Tavze adis waxnagi, xolo trompebis Tavze adis damatebiTi waxnagebi. amitom Tqven kvadratze iRebT rvawaxnagas. Semdeg sarkmlebis Tavze kidev erT mwkrivs akeTeben trompebisas da iq iqmneba Teqvsmetwaxnaga. mere ukve wrec SeiZleba gaakeTo, magram Zalian natif formas qmnian, iseTs, rogorsac mcxeTis jvris ostati _ kidev erT wres akeTeben, ukve gamodis ocdaTormetwaxnaga da mTlianobaSi, faqtobrivad, wrea. aseTi sistema aqvT da jer kidev VIII saukunis nimuSebSi _ rogorc Cans, ase icnoba VIII saukune _ sruli trompuli sistema SenarCunebulia. Tumca aRar moindoma nekreselma ostatma an, gumbaTiani saydari rom vaxsene, misma xuroTmoZRvarma. aSenebs gumbaTovan eklesias da aRar unda, rom gamoiyenos es rTuli sistema. ras akeTebs? mTeli trompuli sistema Cawnexa, daaxloebiT, metr-naxevris simaRleSi da gaakeTa mrgvali gumbaTis yeli. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom TiTqmis Tanadroulad vaCnaZianis yvelawmindis ostatma gamoiyena e.w. afrebi. es aris samkuTxa, erTgvari sferuli samkuTxedi, sferodan rom amoWraT samkuTxedi, daaxloebiT im formisa. afra pirdapir kvadratis kuTxeebSi Cajda da kvlavac Seiqmna wriuli fuZe gumbaTis yelisa. erTma Tu afra gamoiyena, sxvam trompuli sistema gaamartiva an, Tu gnebavT, gaarTula. rasakvirvelia, patara moculobaSi Cawnexva gamartivebadac SeiZleba ganixilo da garTulebadac, gaaCnia, saidan Sexedav. ase dabada ostatma, rogorc b-ni daviT xoStaria ambobs, wreqmnadi trompuli sistema. es aris gardasaxva, imisda mixedviT, Tu rogori sivrce undaT. da ratom undaT aseTi? saqme is gaxlavT, rom trompi aCerebs Tvals, afra Tvals ar aCerebs. roca Tqven gaqvT trompis erTi rigi, Tqveni Tvali Seyovndeba gumbaTis yelis ZirSi da mere maSinve aiWreba gumbaTis sferoSi. yovel Tqvengans SeuZlia adgilze naxos da gadaamowmos, es namdvilad asea Tu ara. roca ramdenime rigis trompia Tqven dainaxavT pir-

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vel rigs, meore rigs, Tu aris _ mesamesac da mxolod mere dainaxavT gumbaTs an, piriqiT, sferos dainaxavT da mere mis gadasvlas kvadratSi, Tu zemodan wamoayolebT Tvals. asec SesaZlebelia. axla kidev undaT sxva, ufro swrafi moZraoba Tvalisa, amitom trompi, trompuli ganviTarebuli sistema, Semaferxebeli xdeba da is gardaisaxeba am axali gemovnebis, axali mxatvruli gancdis kvalad. aris Tu ara es dakavSirebuli raimegvar msoflmxedvelobriv cvlilebasTan? ai, es aris axla sakiTxTa sakiTxi. araviTari safuZveli fiqrisa, rom am dros msoflmxedveloba Secvlilia, ar gvaqvs. piriqiT, aki mogaxseneT, am dros xdeba eklesiis gaZliereba da, Sesabamisad, qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis gamyareba. albaT Seicvala sarwmunoebisadmi emociuri damokidebuleba. me momwons, rogorc liturgistebi amboben, rom arsebobs msoflmxedveloba, arsebobs religiuri msoflmxedveloba, arsebobs mrwamsi da kidev arsebobs RvTismosaobis forma _ rogor xdeba am msoflmxedvelobis gamovlena adamianis emociur da ritualur cxovrebaSi, rogor avlens is mas. rituali, Tu is bunebrivia, swored Sinagan moTxovnilebas mihyveba. magaliTad, Tu gindaT, dayudebiT ilocoT, Tqven aaSenebT garkveuli tipis eklesias, Tu sazeimo wirva gindaT da bevri xalxis Seyra gsiamovnebT, sxvanairs aagebT. Cemi azriT, Cven swored religiuri gancdis erTgvar niuansirebaze unda vifiqroT, Tumca msoflmxedvelobrivad da dogmaturad aq araviTari ciloba, araviTari dapirispireba ar Cans. laparaki mahmadianobis gaZlierebaze, rogorc amas akeTebs ioane sabanisZe, me vfiqrob, Zalian gadaWarbebulia imitom, rom maSin amas kvali unda daetovebina. sad aris misgiTebi? TbilisSi Zveli misgiTi ar aris. marTali giTxraT, verc ki warmomidgenia, is sad unda yofiliyo, radgan misgiTs didi, swori adgili sWirdeba da aseTi monakveTi Zvel TbilisSi ar Cans. nuTu zRudis iqiT dadiodnen mindorSi salocavad? momravlebuli rom yofiliyo, sadme erTi cali mainc darCeboda. ratom ar aris? ki, aris dmanisSi da, rom ara mihrabi, imdenad mokrZalebulia, saerTodac sacxovrebel saxlad CavTvlidiT.

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sxvaTa Soris, es mihrabi buxris mils hgavs da Tavidan egonaT kidec buxari, oRond sakvamuri ar iyo. bedad, rodesac gaTxra daiwyo, SigniT naZerwobis kvali dainaxes da amiT mixvdnen, rom mihrabia. Semdeg, roca Semowmda, aRmoCnda, rom meqisaken iyureba, rogorc wesi da rigia da amgvarad dadginda misi funqcia, Torem imdenad rigiTi nagebobaa, rom saxlisagan arafriT gansxvavdeba. am qalaqSi mahmadiani namdvilad bevri iyo, magram sad aris mahmadianoba momravlebuli sxvagan? amis araviTari kvali ar Cans. me vfiqrob, rom Cven aq vxedavT xelovnebaSi im tipis cvlilebas, romelic dakavSirebuli aris specifikurad mxatvrul ZiebasTan. xelovnebaSi Zalian bevri faqtori moqmedebs da yvela maTgani SeiZleba iyos mniSvnelovani SemoqmedebiTi Sedegis momtani. Tumca arsebobs, ase vTqvaT, wmindad esTetikuri faqtoric. swored maSin, rodesac Cven gvaqvs formebis, am SemTxvevaSi, arqiteqturuli formebis, Camoyalibebuli sistema _ Tavisi konstruqciebiT, mamkobi elementebiT da a.S. _ da xdeba arsebuli myari sistemis Sida gardasaxva, me vfiqrob, SeiZleba vilaparakoT swored wmindad mxatvrul Ziebaze. Tu rogoria es Zieba, Zalian kargad Cans mosarTavis magaliTze. ukve vTqviT, rom sarkmels adreul xanaSi hqonda TavsarTi _ Tavze gadavlebuli TaRi gakecili boloebiT. axla an misi forma icvleba (magaliTad, TaRi izrdeba da pawawuna gadanakecebi aqvs an, piriqiT, patara TaRia uSvelebeli horizontaluri elementebiT), an masTan erTad CarCo Cndeba, an marto CarCo Cndeba da, sabolood, XI saukunisaTvis iqmneba e.w. sapire _ CarCo, romelic gars uvlis mTlianad sarkmlis Riobs. mere da mere Tavad es sapire sarkmlis Riobze samjer, oTxjer an metjer didi xdeba da mTlianad nTqavs mas. Tumca es Sida ganviTarebaa, amas araviTari gare Semapirobebeli ar hqonda. araviTari aucilebloba, rom sarkmeli yofiliyo viwro an ganieri, ar arsebobda. sarkmelma Suqi unda SeuSvas da rogori iqneba is, paralelurwirTxliani, saidanac Suqi erTian nakadad Sedis Tu gareT daviwroebuli, saidanac ganSladi Suqi,

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sxivebis kona Sedis, amas funqciurad araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs _ eklesia asec ganaTdeba da isec. mTavaria, Sen rogori ganaTeba, STabeWdileba, ganwyobileba ginda, anu ra aris is, rac ginda, Seagebo morwmunes. iqneb ginda, aseT sivrces SeaCvio viRac da sTavazob, rom asec SeiZleba gakeTdes. me vfiqrob, rom gardamavali xana romelime sxvas SemoqmedebiTi ZaliT ar Camouvardeba, ubralod, mas ar gaaCnia Camoyalibebuli arqiteqturuli sityvari. Tuki arqiteqturis istorikoss hkiTxavT, rogori Senobebi arsebobda VII saukuneSi is, daaxloebiT, sam winadadebaSi CamogiTvliT ZiriTad elementebs, magram Tu imaves SeekiTxebiT gardamaval xanaze, mas albaT naxevari gverdis Sevseba dasWirdeba da SeiZleba, isic ar eyos. es aris xana, rodesac xdeba gemovnebiTi cvlilebebi da am cvlilebebis kvalad _ Zvel elementTa gardasxva. oRond es nela xdeba, radgan arsad eCqarebaT. amas sakmaod didi dro dasWirda. iqmneba Zalian saintereso hibriduli formebi. magaliTad, X saukuneSi Seiqmna e.w. afra-trompi. es aris afra, oRond TaRebs Soris kuTxeebi ar emetebaT da maTSi Casmulia brtyeli dekoratiuli trompebi. zogjer trompis TaRebis gakecvac xdeba, yovel SemTxvevaSi, raRac waxnagebi mainc aris, Tumca, realurad, amiT araferi icvleba. Cndeba aseTi ucnauri SenaerTi. es Ziebis Sedegia namdvilad. ukve, daaxloebiT, X saukunis bolosTvis yalibdeba sxva arqiteqturuli sityvari da nebismieri xelovnebis istorikosi sam winadadebaze naklebiT getyviT, Tu ra aris im droisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli. mxolod CuqurTmebis saxeebis CamoTvla gaWirdeba, radgan isini bevria. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb aris Zalian kargi kvlevebi, pirvel yovlisa, q-ni rene Smerlingisa, sxva mecnierebisac _ giorgi CubinaSvilis, vaxtang beriZis da momdevno Taobis araerTi mkvlevris. am sakiTxs ikvlevda mTeli dasi momdevno Taobisa: rusudan mefisaSvili, ina gomelauri, nugzar andRulaZe... rodesac moxdeba am saxeTa saboloo Seswavla da maT amosaval pirvelsaxeebs vnaxavT, isinic dava 10 pirvelsaxemde, romlebidanac mere marTlac gasaognebeli raodenobis saxeoba da variacia Cndeba. Tumca

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ise, CamoTvlad, vityvi, rom aris foTlovani, yvavilovani da wnuli saxeebi. rogorc xedavT, erTi winadadebac meyo. aris sapire sarkmlis da sapire karis, zogjer maT SeiZleba TaRi axldes _ sul ori arqiteqturuli tipi, romlebic darCeba XI saukunis Sua xanis iqiT. gaTavda daxasiaTeba, Camoyalibebuli arqiteqturuli leqsikonia!

SuaSi Cven gvaqvs sakuTari mxatvruli principis, mxatvruli xedvisa da bunebis mqone arqiteqtura, magram iseTi, romelsac amgvari Camoyalibebuli leqsikoni jer ar gaaCnia _ erTi jer ar eTmoba da meore jer ar Seuqmnia. ai, amaSia am epoqis gardamavloba. piradad me vityodi, rom es aris xana, romlis erT-erTi stiluri niSani elementebis cvalebadobaa. misi mxatvruli bunebaa, rom elementebi icvleba. es aris ara nakli, ara Camouyalibebloba, aramed SesaZloa, misi Taviseburi upiratesoba. cxadia, im dasrulebul stilebs Tavisi upiratesobebi aqvT. ai, aseTi aris es rTuli xana.

Cven ukve visaubreT qarTuli arqiteqturis mxatvruli bunebis cvlilebebze VIII saukunidan, ufro zustad ki, VII saukunis meore naxevridan moyolebuli da mTeli IX saukunis ganmavlobaSi, X saukunis Sua xanebamde. isic vTqviT, rom Zalian Znelia, ilaparako calkeul elementebze da Tqva, rom 790-ian wlebs, davuSvaT, axasiaTebs aseTi da 820-ian wlebs ki iseTi formebi, radgan SeiZleba naxo erTmaneTisagan Zalian gansxvavebuli konostruqciuli, mamkobi Tu sxva detalebi. mogaxseneT, rom aq am cvlilebebis, moZebnili axal-axali formebis, xerxebis, mxatvruli gadawyvetebis gamaerTianebeli mimarTulebaa. ai, rogoria es mimarTuleba: Tu VI saukunis an VII saukunis arqiteqtura uryevi, urRvevi simSvidis STabeWdilebas tovebs, aq ufro meti aris erTgvari daZabulobis STabeWdileba _ TiTqosda forma moZraobisaken gibiZgebs. Zalian uxeSad da sqematurad rom vTqvaT, es aris gza statikisagan dacilebisa da moZraoba-dinamikisaken svlisa. TavisTavad arqiteqtura dgas _ ase ambobs Cemi erTi kolega da gvijavrdeba xolme, roca vambobT, rom forma moZravi aris. Senobebi dgas,

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ra Tqma unda. svetebi ar darbis, kamarebi ar dafrinavs da yvelaferi Tavis adgilze aris.

Tumca saqme is gaxlavT, rom xelovnebas qmnis ara mxolod fizikuri, akustikuri Tu sxva tipis obieqtebi, aramed am obieqtTa Sexvedra Cvens aRqmasTan. amas aqvs rTuli filosofiuri qveteqstebi, romlebic adamians Seityuebs da, me Tu mkiTxavT, xSirad gvariani sisuleleebiskenac ubiZgebs, magram CvenTvis es mniSvnelovani araa. Cven, ubralod, viciT yovelive es praqtikulad rogor xdeba. vambobT xolme, rom aris droSi ganviTarebadi xelovnebebi _ gansakuTrebiT musika da literatura (literaturac xom droSi arsebobs, kiTxvis procesi xom droSi aris ganvrcobili) da aris sivrceSi arsebuli xelovnebani _ nebismieri saxviTi xelovneba. marTlac, ase gvgonia, rom romelime suraTs, romelime nagebobas Cven erTianad vxedavT. arada, vTqvaT, romelime nawarmoebs, Tundac patara simRerasa an moTxrobas, erTbaSad ver aRiqvamT. Tqven gWirdebaT wuTebisa an zogjer saaTebis garkveuli raodenoba, rom is Tavidan bolomde waikiTxoT. am drois ganmavlobaSi Tqven sxvadasxva raRacas aRiqvamT da boloSi rom CaxvalT, ukve garkveuli STabeWdileba geqmnebaT. ar aris gamoricxuli, is arazusti iyos da mibrunebisas gairkves, rom Tqven raRac gamogrCaT an raRacas is mniSvneloba ar mieciT, romelic mas sinamdvileSi hqonda. sxva mxriv, Cven gvgonia, rom arqiteqturis, mxatvrobis, mqandakeblobis an e.w. mcire xelovnebis nawarmoebebi myisierad aRiqmeba. sinamdvileSi, ase ar aris. rac Seexeba arqiteqturas, aq Cven fizikurad gvixdeba gadaadgileba. am Senobebs sivrce aqvs, es ki niSnavs, rom Tqven jer SenobasTan midixarT, Semdeg masSi SedixarT, erTi bolodan meorisken gadaadgildebiT, xolo zogjer kidev giwevT erTi sadgomidan meoreSi gasvla. amas garkveuli dro sWirdeba. asevea suraTi. ragind patara suraTi iyos, Cveulebrivi melniTa da kalmiT naxati patara furceli, misi aRqmac garkveul dros moiTxovs. Tqven SexedavT mas da TiTqos erTianad aRiqvamT, magram Tuki marTla gindaT ramis aRqma, kidev aTvalierebT da ai, aq xdeba Zalian saintereso ram. magaliTad, Tvali sibrtyeze

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garkveuli mimarTulebiT moZraobs da garkveuli siCqariTac. maSin, rodesac Tqven gadaadgildebiT realur sivrceSi, Tvals, vTqvaT, marjvnidan marcxniv mimarTavT an qvemodan zemoT waiyvanT. am dros, imisda mixedviT, Tu rogori aris es xelovneba, rogori aris es nawarmoebi, aRqmis sxvadasxvanairi siswrafea da aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac geCvenebaT, rom ukve yvelaferi aRiqviT. sinamdvileSi, Tqven didxans dgaxarT da uyurebT, magram vinaidan mxatvruli mTeli Tqven erTbaSad aRiqviT, misi mTlianoba maSinve cxadad dainaxeT, geCvenebaT, rom mere xdeba im aRqmulis mxolod dazusteba da es, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, marTlac asea. Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac mTeli uceb ar aRiqmeba da Tundac igive dro dagWirdeT misi aRqmisTvis, Tqveni gancdiT, subieqturi SegrZnebiT, ufro meti energia gexarjebaT, raTa gaerkveT, Tu ra xdeba am mxatvrul nawarmoebSi, rogoraa ganawilebuli maxvilebi da, saboloo jamSi, es mxatvruli STabeWdileba ras geubnebaT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tqven giCndebaT moZraobis STabeWdileba. magaliTad, Tu nawarmoebSi aris xazgasmuli centri, xolo aqeT-iqiT ganlagebulia odnav naklebmniSvnelovani da masTan arakontrastuli ori elementi da, vTqvaT, erTic kidev moTavsebulia zeviT, Tqven amas uceb aRiqvamT da Tanac aRiqvamT, rogorc statikurs. ase aris, miT umetes, Tu es gamosaxulebebi, es elementebi, Sekrulia konturiT, magaliTad, rodesac Tqven SegiZliaT CaweroT figura samkuTxedSi, sworkuTxedSi an, vTqvaT, ovalSi (SeiZleba ovaluri xazi darRveuli iyos, magram imdenad umniSvnelod, rom Tqven, ZiriTadad, mainc ovals kiTxulobT). Tu es asea da, miT umetes, masTan erTad ikveTeba SemomsazRvravi xazi fizikurad arsebuli konturis SemovlebiT an ararasebuli, TiTqosda nagulisxmevi konturis moxazviT, maSinac SeCerebul formas xedavT da geCvenebaT, rom araferi mimdinareobs, TavisTavad gamosaxuleba SeCerebulia da Tqven winaSe aris raRac statikuri da stabiluri. sxva SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sxvadasxva adgilas ramdenime maxvilia, vTqvaT, qveda marcxena kuTxeSi, zeda marjvena kuTxeSi

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an erT marcxena kuTxeSi _ davuSvaT, mifrqveulia kaSkaSa Tu Ria feri, romelic Suqis STabeWdilebas badebas an naklebmniSvnelovani sxva adgilia, Tundac naxtomisebri moZraoba, romelic erTi kididan meoreze inacvlebs _ Tqven moZraobis STabeWdileba giCndebaT. arqiteqturaSi es ase aris. mgoni, adre kidec vTqvi, rom adrindel eklesiebSi ar aris gamokveTili RerZebi _ grZivi, ganivi, maRlivi _ isini TiTqos Tanabaria. rodesac aanalizebT, mere arkvevT, rom maTSi mTavari vertikalia. da mainc, Tqven ar ganicdiT am sivrceebsa an moculobebs, rogorc zemswrafs, radgan ase aris Sefardebuli es, sinamdvileSi wamyvani, vertikali danarCen or ganzomilebasTan _ ganTan da sigrZesTan. amas garda, calkeuli elementebi, romlebsac xedavT, davuSvaT, Riobebi _ kari an sarkmeli, aseve maTi mamkobi sakmaod mcirericxovani detalebi ikiTxeba, rogorc damoukidebeli da TviTkmari. es imas ar niSnavs, rom es elementebi cal-calkea gafantuli. maT Soris, sinamdvileSi, Zalianac mkacri kavSiri arsebobs, magram Tqven SegiZliaT yovel maTgans SemoavloT Tvali. magaliTad, jer sarkmels waikiTxavT Ziridan wveramde da mxolod Semdeg _ mis damagvirgvinebel warbs an jer warbs dainaxavT da mere CamoayolebT Tvals. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Tqven SegiZliaT maTi dacalkeveba. modis dro, Tundac XI saukuneSi (da, mgoni, adre esec vaxseneT), rodesac srulebiT sawinaaRmdego ram gvxvdeba. uyureb, magaliTad, sapireSi Casmul sarkmels da ver ambob, ra aris iq mTavari da ra aris meorexarisxovani. am elementebs veranairad ver acalkeveb, radgan sarkmlis Riobis kide, imavdroulad, CarCos dasawyisia anu mamkobi elementisa da sarkmlis boloebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. maS, sad aris iq Riobi, sad ra iwyeba? CarCoa misi nawili Tu is aris CarCos nawili? amas garda, maxvilebi ganlagebulia imnairad, rom Tvalma naxtomiseburad zemoT-qvemoT imoZraos an kidev Tvali pirdapir kididan midis centrisaken da nagebobis (am SemTxvevaSi, fasadis sibrtyis) napirebi TiTqosda saerTod ar iqcevs yuradRebas _ aseTi arqiteqturac arsebobs.

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rodesac mcxeTis jvarSi, wromSi, samwevrisSi SedixarT, orTogonalur (mgoni adrec vaxsene es cneba) Wrils uyurebT _ xedavT zemodan, gumbaTis wveridan, TiTqos sibrtyeze gaSlil, gaWril nagebobas. aq saqme ar aris absolutur zomebSi. es nagebobebi TxuTmetjer didic rom yofiliyo, sul erTia, ase iqneboda, radgan isea proporcirebuli, rom umaRles da umdables wertils, sivrcis sazRvrebs, maSinve xedavT. ganaTeba iseTia, rom Tqven SegiZliaT Tavidan bolomde cal-calke waikiTxoT yvela elementi _ nebismieri TaRi, nebismieri, Tundac Zalze sada, imposti, romelic moniSnavs kedlis Sverils an burjisa da TaRis sazRvars. rame CrdilSi rom moeqces da ver dainaxoT, aseTi ram ar xdeba. am SemTxvevaSi, Tqven xedavT TiTqosda statikur, TiTqosda umoZrao xuroTmoZRvrul da sivrciT sxeuls, oRond ara gaSeSebuls an, vTqvaT, xists, aramed mSvidad myofsa da ara amoZravebuls da Sesabamisi gaqvT ganwyobilebac. axla ki ukve nel-nela iseTi xerxebi muSavdeba, rom, piriqiT, xedavdeT moZraobas _ Tqveni Tvali swrafad moZraobdes, erTi adgilidan meoreze gadadiodes da, rac mTavaria, is ganicdides am gadasvlis moments. vTqvaT, Tqven TaRs an tromps aTvalierebT. ra Tqma unda, am dros Tvali moZraobs Tavidan bolomde, magram TaRi Tu trompi sul Tanabrad mkafioa, amitom amas ver grZnobT _ ver grZnobT moZraobas, romelsac am dros Tvalis kakali asrulebs. Tqven erTianad xedavT formas, rogorc mTlians da absoluturad mkafios da amitom geCvenebaT, rom Tavadac statikur mdgomareobaSi xarT. Tuki, davuSvebT, rom trompis naxevari CrdilSia da ar Cans, xolo meore naxevars sxivi ecema da gakaSkaSebulia, maSin Tqven aq xedavT gadasvlas erTidan meoreze, am SemTxvevaSi, naxtomisebrs, Tumca is SeiZleba iyos denadic. asea Tu ise, forma Tu formaTa erToblioba yovelTvis gkarnaxobT iseTnair aRqmas, rom Tqven grZnobT da aRiqvamT moZraobas Tqveni mzerisas. Sesabamisad, mere ukve am formebsac, rogorc moZravs, ise xedavT. kidev vambob, kamara ar xtis, TaRic arsad miabijebs, yvelaferi Tavis adgilzea, magram Cvens

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aRqmaSi aris moZravi, radgan is Cven sakuTar fizikur moZraobebs aRgvaqmevinebs.

Tuki sruliad mkafio, sruliad mSvid sivrceSi gare moculoba an sivrce Tavisi umTavresi, ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebiT maSinve aRiqmeba, gardamaval xanaSi, VIII-X saukuneebSi, maT, rogorc ukve mogaxseneT, maSinve ver xedavT da mravalgzisac rom SemouaroT, es nawilebi warmosaxvaSi SeiZleba bolomde mainc ver gadaabaT. mere es ase aRar iqneba. davuSvaT, XI an XII saukunis eklesiaSi rom SexvalT, yovelTvis dainaxavT Sida sivrcis raRac fragments. erTi wertilic ki ar aris iseTi, saidanac SeiZleba dainaxoT, vTqvaT, qvaTaxevis eklesia ise, rogorc xedavT mcxeTis jvars _ gumbaTis wveridan iatakamde. Tu ZirSi dadgebiT da Tavs gadaagdebT, gumbaTs dainaxavT, magram garSemo sxvas _ veRarafers. Tqven yovelTvis xedavT fragments. me mas informaciul fragmentad miviCnev. gansxvavebiT gardamavali xanis arqiteqturisgan, is Tqven giqmniT warmodgenas imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba nawilebi erTmaneTs, Tumca mTlianad ver xedavT TiTqmis verc erTs. verc erTis Tqmisas gadavaWarbe, romelime erTi SeiZleba dainaxoT mTlianad, danarCeni ki yvelaferi iqneba gadaWril-gadmoWrili. es propociebis gamo xdeba da imis gamoc, rom asea ganlagebuli TaRebi da asea SerCeuli simaRle-sigrZe-siganis Sefardebebi, raTa Tqveni aRqma yovelTvis nawilobrivi iyos. swored am sruli sicxadisken, aseTi moZravi arqiteqturisken miemarTeba Zieba qarTveli ostatebisa, ase icvleba gemovneba. Cemi SexedulebiT, Cven aq vxedavT, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, Ziebis Sida mxatvrul Tanmimdevrobas. SeiZleba ganvasxvavoT sxvadasxva tipis Zieba. rogorc sul dasawyisSi iTqva, taZarma Seicvala funqcia _ unda Sekribos mrevli. warmarTulma taZarma es ar icis. axla iwyeba Zebna imisa, rogor Seiqmnas sivrce, sadac mrevli ganlagdeba. es aris Zieba, romelsac gansazRvravs funqcia da es funqcia, Tavis mxriv, gansazRvruli aris garkveuli msoflmxedvelobiT. ase rom, Cven SegviZlia sxvadasxva doneze ganvixiloT am cvlilebis

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mapirobebeli, magram yvela es mizezi, Tu SeiZleba ase vTqvaT, iqneba TviTon xelovnebis gareT, radgan msoflmxedveloba ar udris xelovnebas, Cemi warmodgena qveynierebaze ar udris mxatvrobas an arqiteqturas. mxatvrobiTa da arqiteqturiT me SeiZleba Tqven mogiTxroT, rogori mgonia qveyniereba, magram, TavisTavad, is mas ver gautoldeba. SeiZleba iyos cvlilebebi, romelTac iwvevs raRac gareSe gavlena. magaliTad, XVI saukuneSi Cven vxedavT, rom Zalian bevria Seisruli formebi da raRac iseTi xerxebi, romlebic aSkarad muslimanuri iranidan aris Semosuli. am SemTxvevaSi, am cvlilebis erT-erTi da sakmarisad Zlieri Tanagampirobebeli mainc is aris, rom Cven kargad gavecaniT im xelovnebas, cota zedmetic mogvivida. aseve aris dResac, rodesac ama Tu im JurnalSi nanaxi formebi gadmogvaqvs. amas winaT, sxvaTa Soris, erTi proeqti vnaxe, mere gadavSale romeliRac wigni da Turme avtors pirdapir gadmouRia. cota unda inamuso. marto Sen xom ara xar dedamiwaze, marto Sen xom ar ici wignebis, albomebisa da Jurnalebis furcvla?! asea Tu ise, yovelTvis arsebobs raRac, rasac apirobebs garedan, Tundac ukve sxva qveynidan an sxva kulturidan Semosuli garkveuli muxti. am SemTxvevaSi, me meCveneba, rom logikuri Tanmimdevroba amgvaria: veZebT qristianuli taZris formas. veZebT mas da vcdilobT, raRac saxe mivceT. am Ziebisas viSveliebT an axlad vqmniT, vTqvaT, garkveul formebs, samSeneblo xerxebs an mamkob elementebs. zogs movisesxebT, gardavqmniT an raime axals gavakeTebT, xolo VI saukunis bolosken yvela is forma da xerxi, romelic am amocanis gadasawyvetad gvWirdeboda, xelT gvaqvs. ganviTarebis logika SeiZleba sxvagvaric iyos, magram, am SemTxvevaSi, is iyo aseTi: raxan maqvs elementebi, modi, Sevqmni maTgan kargad gawonasworebul da cxad mxatvrul mTels. amas mosdevs sirTule, romelic sxva drosac dasturdeba xelovnebis istoriaSi, ara marto am SemTxvevaSi. es ar aris universaluri kanoni xelovnebis ganviTarebisa, ase mgonia, magram, erT-erTi SesaZlo Tanmimdevroba mxatvruli Ziebebisa aseTic aris: jer vqmniT am srulebiT cxads.

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SevqmniT mas erTxel, orjer, samjer, magram Semdeg irkveva, rom, rodesac gvaqvs formaTa garkveuli raodenoba da gvaqvs amocana, maTgan SevqmnaT raRaca Zalian gawonasworebuli da mkafio, Turme amas Zalian bevr dros ver movandomebT da verc did nairgvarobas miviRebT, aqedan Zalian bevr formas ver CamovayalibebT, ver SevanawevrebT, Turme es sakmaod sasruli raodenobaa. aseTi e.w. klasikuri epoqebi, Cveulebriv, grZeldeba ormocdaaTiode weli. Semdeg nebismieri cvlileba, Tuki Tqven cvlilebas moindomebT, am gawonasworebul da cxad mTelSi Seitans raRac bzars. Tqven SeiZleba es ar mogewonoT, CaebRauWoT im klasikur mTels da erTi xani is xelovnurad amyofoT. xelovnebis istoriaSi amis magaliTebic aris. Tumca, saboloo jamSi, is mainc gaibzareba. mgoni, Cven amaze ukve vilaparakeT, magram kidev erTxel SemiZlia davadasturo: me mainc meCveneba, rom, rodesac iwyeba romelime arsebuli formis gameoreba, Zalian mniSvnelovania davixsomoT, rom es aris forma da ara Rirebuleba. Rirebuleba aris is, rac materialuri ar aris. materialurze _ nagebobis garSemowerilobasa Tu moyvanilobaze, figuris gadmocemis xerxebze, yofis, Cacma-daxurvisa Tu qcevis formebze da a.S. _ msjelobisas RirebulebasTan gaigivebiT mas Zalian cud samsaxurs vuwevT, radgan yvelaferi materialuri aucileblad cvdeba. magaliTad aviRoT zrdilobis formebi. me maTi momxre var, magram isini Cem Tvalwin icvleba. rac srulebiT warmoudgenlad eCveneboda Cems did bebias, Cemi mSoblebisTvis ukve araferic ar iyo. q-ni marika lorTqifaniZe aseT ambavs hyveboda: rodesac bebiamisi mamulidan gamoagdes, misi mTavari gancda is iyo, rom quCaSi uqudod da uxelTaTmanod gamovida. ambobda, ise momixda saxlidan wamosvla, rom qudic ki ar davixureo. Tavdauburavi qalisa Tu kacis quCaSi gamoCena srulebiT warmoudgeneli iyo. da ai, roca me viyavi skolis moswavle, adamianebma, romlebic Tavze Camofxatuli nair-nairi qudebiT dadiodnen, uceb moiSvlipes es yvelaferi da Tavdauburavebma daiwyes siaruli. ra,

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hava Seicvala? ara, Seicvala damokidebuleba imis mimarT, Tu rogori unda iyos Seni da gare samyaros urTierToba da ratomRac adamianurobis _ am ybadaRebuli adamianuri Tavisuflebis _ erT-erT gamoxatulebad iqca is, rom Tavze qudi ar maqvs. mere ra, rom Tavi meyineba, mere ra, rom Tma 10 wliT adre gamcvivdeba, mainc ar davixurav imitom, rom minda, Tovli, wvima Tu mze Tavisuflad vigrZno. aRarc qalebi ixuravdnen Tavsaburavs, rac bebiaCems pirvel xanebSi, magaliTad, Zalian ukvirda, mgoni, ukve mere zogjer TviTonac Tavdauburavi gadioda. damokidebuleba icvleba. es SeiZleba cudi iyos, magram es bunebrivi aris. es imas niSnavs, rom daikarga azri, gageba imisa, Tu ratom atarebs adamiani Tavsaburavs. ratom aris, davuSvaT, zrdilobis gamoxatuleba, xelis CamorTmeva? me, magaliTad, es ar miyvars, magram amas xom hqonda Sinaarsi?! es odesRac gamoxatavda, rom ori adamiani SeiaraRebuli ar aris da niSnad imisa, rom axla erTmaneTs xmlebiT ar daerevian, xels CamoarTmevdnen. ra Tqma unda, didi xania, es yvelas daaviwyda, magram Tu is mniSvnelobac dakarga, rom amiT Cems keTilganwyobas gamovxatav, maSin gaTavebuli saqmea, amas ukve araviTari azri aRar eqneba da tradicia aucileblad gadavardeba. amitom aris Zalian saxifaTo da sakmaod uimedo, rodesac adamianebi icaven raime formebs (ara aqvs mniSvneloba, risas) da ar ician ratom, ver amboben, Tu ra RirebulebiTi safuZveli aqvs imas, rom maincdamainc es forma undaT. maSin amgvari rameze unda SevTanxmdeT: mgonia, rom es forma gamoxatavs ama da am Rirebulebas da, raki amwuTas sxva forma ar maqvs, dae, es iyos gamomxatveli. nu gvaviwydeba _ ramdenic ginda iyviron da xelebi iqnion yvelanairma memarcxeneebma da progresistebma, gvinda es Cven Tu ar gvinda, adamianebis urTierToba garkveuli pirobiTobebis gareSe ubralod SeuZlebelia. Cven ramenairad unda vaniSnoT erTmaneTs Tundac is, gvinda erTmaneTTan saubari Tu ara. es aucileblad unda gamoixatos raRac formiT da es forma SeiZleba iyos aseTi an iseTi, magram forma unda arsebobdes. amitom, sinamdvileSi, rodesac dRes amqveynad irRveva yovelnairi pi-

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robiToba (Tumca sakuTar Tavze amas namdvilad ver vityvi), yovelnairi wesebi, es mxolod imiT damTavrdeba, rom Zalian cudi da xisti sxva wesebi Seiqmneba. amis Sedegi meti araferi iqneba da ukve asecaa. viTomda Zalian Tavisufali adamianebi imdeni wesiT arian Sekrulni, Tu rogor unda Tqvan is, rogor ar unda Tqvan es, ra SeiZleba da ra ar SeiZleba, vin unda mogwondes an ar unda mogwondes... sasaciloa, magram arseboben, magaliTad, viRac konkretuli adamianebi, romlebic Turme aucileblad unda mogwondes, Tu arada, cudi xar. unda mogwondes raRac, rac sul ar aris mosawoni da Senc ici, rom ar aris, magram ase unda. es Zalian cudia, Cemi azriT, magram bunebrivia. roca adamianebi uaryofen imas, rac normaluri, bunebrivad gaCenili da Camoyalibebuli pirobiToba iyo, isini aucileblad Seqmnian pirobiTobis xelovnur da uazro sistemas _ es srulebiT garduvalia. ase rom, TavisTavad formaTa rRvevam Cven arasodes unda SegvaSinos. mxolod imas unda vakvirdebodeT, rom am formebis Secvlam Tan ar waiyolos raRaca iseTi, rac RirebulebiTad mniSvnelovania. es SeiZleba moxdes da ai, aq aris saWiro Tvali da yuri. sul ar aris saRelvebeli, vTqvaT, eklesiaSi Sesuli qali Tavze quds daixuravs Tu Tavsafars, kaba lurjad dakoplili eqneba Tu mwvane koplebiT. amas ar aqvs mniSvneloba, mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom iyos tanisamosi, romelic viRacas sacdurSi ar Caagdebs. es aris RirebulebiTi sazomi da ara is, vTqvaT, mamakaci grZelTmiania Tu TmaSeWrili, wveriani Tu uwvero. es yvelaferi srulebiT pirobiTia, dakavSirebulia kulturebTan, geografiasTan. mniSvneloba aqvs sxva rames _ rasac adamiani garegnobiT gamoxatavs, aris Tu ara qristianuli (im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qristianobaze vlaparakobT) Rirebulebebis matarebeli, rogor aris dakavSirebuli misi qceva RirebulebiT sistemasTan da a.S. mTavari es aris da formebze mere SevTanxmdebiT. adamiani, romelic RirebulebebiT cxovrobs, imasac mixvdeba, rom, Tuki es yvelas aRelvebs, daTmos is raRac formismieri da im sxva formasac miiRebs, Tu marTla icis, raSia saqme. zogjer es Znelia,

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es yvelaferi bevr sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli, magram Tavi da Tavi mainc es aris. xelovnebaSic asea. Tu imeorebT formebs da am formebma TqvenTvis Sinagani sazrisi dakarga, Tu es aris is, rac ubralod unda gaimeoroT imitom, rom Tqvenma winamorbedma ase gaakeTa, dRes Tu ara mazeg raRacas Tqven garduvalad srulebiT usulgulos gaakeTebT. unda giTxraT, rom qarTul xelovnebas es Tviseba, etyoba, gamZafrebulad aqvs. qarTvels, etyoba, organulad ar SeuZlia, saerTod rame gaakeTos, Tu Sinaganad amis aucilebloba gancdili ar aqvs. aziel ostats, evropels SeuZlia, raRac akeTos guls gareT, gulmodgined, faqizad. qarTvels ar SeuZlia! Tu ver ganicdis, rom es saWiroa, SeiZleba erTi saaTi gaZlos da mere ukve fiqri gaurbis da xeli ras akeTebs, kacma ar icis, yuradRebas veRar ikrebs da verc samuSaosken mimarTavs. aseTebi varT. es kargicaa, me Tu mkiTxavT da, sxva mxriv, wamgebianicaa. unda viswavloT, rom yuradReba ufro met xans SevaCeroT raRacaze, vidre es bunebiT mogvdgams. Tumca arsebrivad, me mgoni, cudi srulebiTac ar aris, rom mindodes, rasac vakeTeb, gancdili da gaazrebuli iyos. asea Tu ise, VI da VII saukuneebSi, rogorc etyoba, mkafiod mowesrigeba maSin xelovanTa xelT arsebuli formebisa aRar moundaT da daiwyes cvlilebebis Setana am principiT _ `modi, vcadoT ase“. rogorc ki scades `ase~, gaCnda raRac, rasac moZraoba-dinamikis elementi Sehqonda. mere kidev scades raRac da raRac da, saboloo jamSi, Cven vxedavT mudmiv cvalebadobas. axlave unda ganvmarto (Zalian mniSvnelovania amis codnac), rom amgvari ganviTareba, ZiriTadad, mainc sataZro xuroTmoZRvrebaSi xdeba. sazogadod, Cven kargad unda gvaxsovdes, rom xelovnebisa da, Cvens SemTxvevaSi, xuroTmoZRvrebis sxvadasxva mimarTulebebi istoriulad yovelTvis Tanabrad rodi viTardeba. magaliTad, Cven vxedavT, rom XV saukunidan dasavleT evropaSi saeklesio da saero arqiteqturis formaTa cvalebadoba paraleluria. manamde es ase iqac ar aris. amasTanave, iyo dargi xuroTmoZRvrebisa, soflis xu-

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roTmoZRvreba, glexkacis saxlis xuroTmoZRvreba, romelic imave dasavleT evropaSi merec ar icvleboda. gadaRebulia da SegiZliaT naxoT kidec CrdiloeT safrangeTisa Tu germaniis soflis saxlebi, romlebic wawvetebulia da goTikuri xanis gegonebaT, arada, Turme XVIII saukuneSia aSenebuli. asea imitom, rom xuroTmoZRvrebis am dargSi istoriuli cvalebadoba Senelebulia, TiTqosda aq ar ixarjeba SemoqmedebiTi muxti, is mTlianad uflis saxls xmardeba, sacxovrebeli saxlze ki TiTqos fiqroben, mama-papebs auSenebiaT da modi, Cvenc iseTive avaSenoT, sxva rad gvindao. aseTi ganmeorebadoba, mudmivi, odnavi variaciebiT, imas ar niSnavs, rom cvlileba saerTod ar aris, magram es gacilebiT ufro nela xdeba da Tanac detalebSia. magaliTad aviRoT Cveni qarTuli darbazovani saxli. masSi ZiriTadi siaxle, romelic, rogorc Cans, XVIII saukunis bolos Cndeba, isaa, rom buxari moawyves. yvelafers Zveleburad aSeneben, rogorc manamde da ukeTeben buxars. sinamdvileSi, am buxarma kerasa da SuaSi azidul gvirgvins sanaxevrod azri daukarga, magram, rogorc arqiteqturuli struqtura, is rCeba, ubralod, axla cecxli ara SuaSi, aramed kedelTan anTia. ukve mere da mere amgvarma cvlilebebma moitana kidevac darbazovani struqturis rRveva, magram es nela xdeba. Zvel dros, XV saukunemde, sasaxleTa xuroTmoZRvreba ara mxolod CvenSi, sxvaganac gacilebiT ufro nela icvleba. dasavleTSi aris erTi ram, razedac amgvari ganviTareba moqmedebs. iq TaRebis moxazulobis cvlileba moxda _ romanuli TaRi ufro metad naxevrad wriulia, goTikuri ki XII saukunis meore naxevridan _ Seisruli da Tqven amas atyobT, Torem es rom ara, struqturebi, formebi, daaxloebiT, erTi da igivea, nela icvleba. ase iyo es CvenSic.

Tavidanve mogaxseneT, rom saero xuroTmoZRvreba, saeklesiosTan SedarebiT, arc ki vici, raoden naklebi gvaqvs. Zalian araTanabrad aris SemorCenili. saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebac Zalian dazianebuli, Selaxuli da daklebulia, magram saero mainc bevrad naklebia. Tumca is, rac Cven viciT, mainc ufro stabiluri Cans da ai, ra aris saintereso: Cven gvaqvs sasa-

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xleebis jgufi, romelic kaxeTSi SemogvrCa. erTi msgavsi sasaxle aris qarTlSic da, rogorc Cans, ufro meti iyo. es orsarTuliani sasaxleebia. qveda sarTuli, ase vTqvaT, aris an yru, an patara sarkmlebiT, xolo meore sarTuli TiTqmis mTlianad TaRebiT aris gaxsnili. gaugebaria, ra xdeboda im darbazebSi an xalxs zamTarSi ratom ar scioda da zafxulSi ratom ar scxeloda. uzarmazari Riobebia, iatakidan iwyeba da, rogorc Cans, TiTqmis WerTan mTavrdeba. Weri Cven ar gvaqvs SemorCenili _ xisa iyo. es ar iyo kamarovani arqiteqtura, rac ukve Zalian ganasxvavebs mas saeklesiosgan. Tumca cxadi aris, Tu sad iyo adgili Werisa _ raRac SemTxvevebSi, SemorCenilia da SegviZlia amis gansazRvra. sainteresoa is, rom, Tumc kaxeTSi ramdenime sasaxlea, maT Soris droiT sxvaobas ver vxedavT. erTaderTi, rac SeiZleba iTqvas isaa, rom nekresSi, magaliTad, naliseburi TaRebia, sxvagan _ ara. amitom SesaZloa, nekresis sasaxle ufro adreulia, magram ramdeniT? ar viciT, ver vxvdebiT. erT-erTma mkvlevarma, q-nma dinara vaCnaZem, scada isini droSi gaenawilebina. Zalian saintereso mosazreba hqonda, magram es masala, samwuxarod, Cvenamde imdenad cudad aris moRweuli da xelmosaWidi imdenad cotaa, rom misi Zalian sagulisxmo mixvedra, romelsac kidev miyola, Cafiqreba unda, jerovnad ver dasabuTda da ara imitom, rom man raRac daaklo, ubralod, araferi aRmoCnda, rasac is CaeWideboda. mas naxevrad intuiciurad mouxda msjeloba. ra Tqma unda, nebismieri azri intuiciurad Cndeba, magram mecnieruli maSin aris, roca misi met-naklebad dasabuTeba da dasaZirkvleba moxerxdeba. aq, samwuxarod, bevri kiTxvis niSani darCa, Tumca ase mitoveba am ideisa, ra Tqma unda, ar Rirs. vTqvaT, q-ni dinara vaCnaZe ar cdeba da Cven marTla SegviZlia es sasaxleebi IX-dan XII saukunemde davanawiloT. modiT, vTqvaT ase da zogjer mgonia kidec, rom marTla asea. ufro sworad, xan mgonia, rom raRac davinaxe, rac amas misabuTebs da mere vxvdebi, rom ki SeiZleba ase viwamo, magram arasdros meqneba amis dasabuTebis saSualeba.

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Tavi da Tavi is aris, rom cvlilebebi mainc aris, oRond Zalian mcire. amitomacaa ase Zneli raimes mtkiceba. garda amisa, davuSvaT, rom SemorCeniliyo am sasaxleTa xis nawilebi, maSin maTi CuqurTmiT, motiviT mivxvdebodiT rames. namdvilad viciT, rom xis CuqrTma qvisas hgavs. is mogvcemda paralels, raRacas CaveWidebodiT, magram araferia, srulebiT araferi. an naZerwoba yofiliyo, an moxatuloba, an rame mainc _ araferi ar gvaqvs. TviTon forma imdenad statikuria, imdenad naklebad ganviTarebadi, rom raimes garkvevis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs. alaverdSi, magaliTad, dgas sasaxle da srulebiT aSkaraa, rom is, albaT, ar aris X saukunis, magram ver vityvi, rom amas raimenairad dagisabuTebT. Cvenda bedad, iq aris satrapezo, romelic namdvilad XVI saukunisaa. da danarCeni? iqneb aris iq ufro Zveli nawilic? jerjerobiT, amis Tqma Wirs. me mjera, rom nawili im sasaxlisa ufro Zvelia, XV saukunisa mgonia, magram ver mogatyuebT da ver getyviT, rom vici, ratom aris ase. ar vici, es mxolod mosazrebaa. es mxolod imitom aris ase, rom TviTon tempi samoqalaqo xuroTmoZRvrebis Ziebisa, masSi raime siaxlis Setanisa, gacilebiT neli aRmoCnda _ siCqare iq bevrad daklebulia. sxvaTa Soris, qarTvel ostatebs SeeZloT, samoqalaqo xuroTmoZRvrebaSi raRac pirdapirac gadmoetanaT, imaze srulebiT daufiqreblad, rom iq rame sakuTari SeetanaT. aseTi aris Sua saukuneebSi abanoTa xuroTmoZRvreba. magaliTad, dmanisSi, aris cixis abano, daaxloebiT XIII saukunis bolosi an XIV saukunisa, romelSic aris trompebi da, wesiT, X saukunis unda iyos, magram mas qarTul xuroTmoZRvrebasTan araviTari kavSiri ar aqvs. is pirdapir aris gadmotanili islamuri samyarodan da isevea gakeTebuli, rogorc iq akeTebdnen. es merec asea, abanoTa xuroTmoZRvreba sul sadRac iyureba. qarTveli Tavs ar iwuxebs imiT, rom iq sxvanairi struqtura moifiqros. ase aSenebdnen Cveni pitiaxSebi manamde romaul abanoebs da sul ar Relavdnen, rom is CrdiloeT afrikaSi romeliRac abanos Zalian hgavda. wyali modioda da cxeldeboda, adamiani mowesrigebas SeZlebda da danarCens mniSvneloba ar hqonda.

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aseTi ucnauri damokidebuleba wmindad yofiTi, utilitaruli mSeneblobisadmi dResac ki Cveni kulturis nawilia. dResac ki, me mgonia, Cven SeiZleba ar gvindodes, rom romelime Teatris Senoba zustad iseTive iyos, rogoric avstraliaSia, magram, Tu rkinigzis xidi an romelime gza iseTive teqnologiiT aSendeba, rogoric samxreT afrikaSi gamoiyenes, amaze Cvengan aravin aReldeba. arc ki vikiTxavT, radgan Cven es srulebiT ar gvainteresebs. ai, Tundac anZa, romelzec mavTulebia gabmuli! gana Zalian vwuxvarT imis gamo, rom zustad aseTi anZebia sadRac CrdiloeT polusis siaxloves? vRelavT? ara! Cven es ar gvekareba, arada aris qveynebi, romlebisTvisac es didi ambavia, magaliTad, undaT, hqondeT avtomobili _ Tavisi da sxvanairi. maT es ase undaT! Tu romelime qarTveli avtomobils Seqmnis, ise moxdeba, rom mainc germaniasa an amerikaSi gavakeTebT, radgan Cven saSualeba ar gveqneba da, rasakvirvelia, gagvaxarebs Cvenianis naxelavi, magram avReldebiT ki imiT, rom is sxvagan gakeTda? iyo ori gasaocari aviakonstruqtori, orive _ SeerTebul StatebSi, romlebmac sanaxevrod Seqmnes amerikuli samxedro aviacia da piradad me Zalian mixaria, rom am uzarmazar qveyanaSi qarTvelis gakeTebuli TviTmfrinavi dafrinavs. ra maxarebs, kacma rom Tqvas, magram vici, rom aq amas ver SeZlebdnen da romc gaekeTebinaT, sul erTia, mainc maTTvis unda mieyidaT. SeiZleba amitomaa an SeiZleba imitomac, rom patara qveyana varT, yvelafris mwarmoebel-gamkeTeblebi ver viqnebiT da gvirCevnia, davixarjoT imaze, risi gakeTebac TviTonve SegviZlia da ar vidardoT yofiTad mosaxmarze, romelsac pirdapir sxvisgan gadmoviRebT. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, sagulisxmoa, rom am drois ramdenime aseTi nageboba arsebobs. is sxva ambavia, rom maT movla unda da maT gadasarCenad raRac mosafiqrebelia. ai, erTerTs, nekresis sasaxles, axla gaukeTda gadaxurva, aRdga sarTulSua gadaxurvac da, sxvaTa Soris, amis Taobaze iyo didi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. piradad me Zalian gamixarda imitom, rom ocnebad mqonda, meore sarTulis fanjridan gadmomexeda. marTalia, veRarasdros gadmovixedav, magram is rom arsebobs

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da wvima aRar Cadis, Zalian maxarebs, miT umetes, pirvel sarTulze aris Zveli marani, rogorc Cans, IX saukunis droindeli, romelic ar unda gaoxrdes da gafuWdes. axla Seinaxeba da aRaraferi emuqreba. raRac mosafiqrebelia danarCeni amgvari nagebobebisTvisac. es ar iqneba advili, magram, yovel SemTxvevaSi, fiqri zedmeti da mavnebeli arasdros yofila, amitom SeviwuxoT Tavi da egeb rame kargi movifiqroT. mTeli es moZraoba _ Zalian cxoveli moZraoba fiqrisa da gancdisa, romelsac Cvens xuroTmoZRvrebTan VII saukunis Sua xanebidan X saukunis pirvel aTwleulebis CaTvliT vxedavT, X saukunis Sua xanisaTvis dasasrulamde midis. es yvelaze ukeT gamoixateba imiT, rom swored am dros yalibdeba raRac elementebi, romlebic sul iqneba _ es, pirvel yovlisa, isev da isev aris Semkulobis sistema da erTgvari proporciuli sistema, romelic mere, aTwleulebisa da saukuneebis mixedviT, yovelTvis erTnairi araa, magram garkveul farglebSia. Zalian martivad rom vTqvaT, es ukve aris arqiteqtura, sadac vertikali, maRlivoba Senobisa, aSkarad gamoxatuli unda iyos da maSinve unda Candes _ metad an naklebad, magram unda Candes. es ase iqneba mere, ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi. amas garda, yalibdeba morTvis sistema, romelSic agreTve Sedis garkveuli cvlilebebi, magram isini ukve sxva raRacasTan aris dakavSirebuli da, pirvel xanebSi, X saukunis Suidan XI saukunis Sua wlebamde, gamoixateba imiT, rom xdeba SenobaTa TaRebiT Semosaltva. es aris mamkobi TaRebi, romlebic SeiZleba TiTqosda kedelSi iyos Caweuli, CaZiruli anu kedlis sibrtyeebiT Seqmnili an kedelze zemodan dadebuli lilviT moxazuli. SeiZleba, SeTavsebuli iyos erTica da meorec. asea, magaliTad, iSxnis taZris kedlebze, sadac gasaocari plastika gamodis. mgoni, SeiZleba, calke daayeno es lilvovani TaRebi, romlebic imdenad Ronieria, rom albaT arc ki daingreva. sarkmlebsa da karebs am dros ukve ukeTdeba sapire moCarCoeba. kvlavac Sendeba nagebobebi, sadac dekori an sul ar aris, an Zalian mwiria, magram Tu aris (ukve X saukunis meore naxevridan), aseTia da ara sxvanairi. Zalian iSviaTia,

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rom vinme isev TavsarTs iyenebdes da Tu iyenebs, e.i. Zalian ukan iyureba. mizezi SeiZleba arcodna iyos an warsulisken Segnebulad Tvalis gapareba. yovel SemTxvevaSi, es elementi aucileblad iqneba. am formebisa da elementebis saboloo Camoyalibeba da, amasTanave, Camoyalibeba mxatvruli mTelisa, sadac Cven mudmivad vxedavT moZraobas, sadac formebi Cagvagoneben Tvalis gayolebas da gancdas imisas, rom Cven Tvals vayolebT, gadavadgildebiT, radgan gvinda, davinaxoT SenobaSi kidev raRac _ am yvelafris pirveli dajameba X saukunis Sua xanebSi, ufro zustad ki, 960 wlisTvis xdeba. am dros amgvari sami sakvanZo nageboba igeba _ kumurdos taZari javaxeTSi, oSkis taZari taoSi da moqvis taZari eTnografiul afxazeTSi, anu Crdilo-dasavleT mxareSi Cveni qveynisa. ori maTgani dRes CvenTvis miudgomelia. isini erTmaneTs Zalian naklebad hgvanan, Tqven rom erTmaneTis gverdiT fotoebi dagidon, albaT verc mixvdebiT, maT saerTo ra aqvT, Tumca mxatvruli ganazreba _ mxatvruli xedva da mizani, is zemoqmedeba, romelic Caifiqra xuroTmoZRvarma _ erTi bunebisaa. xuroTmoZRvrebi sxvadasxvani arian, maTi xedva erTnairi araa, magram erTi mimarTulebisaa. SeiZleba, es daxasiaTdes ase: erTi mxriv, es aris wagrZelebuli, SemaRlebuli nagebobebi, romlebSic swrafva zeviT da win Zalian gamoxatulia. es aris nagebobebi, romlebSic Tqven xedavT formis formaSi gadasvlas. Tumca, amave dros, es aris nagebobebi, romlebSic mamkobi elementebi Tu calkeuli formebi garkveul damoukideblobas mainc inarCunebs. es amgvarad SeiZleba warmoidginos adamianma (es saxe, Sedareba, bevri wlis win movigone da mrcxvenia, rom erTsa da imaves vimeoreb, magram ra vqna, ukeTesi ar mafiqrdeba): es zustad isea, rogorc mTis mdinaris Wavli, romelic moedineba da uceb SeCerdeba, Tuki qva daxvdeba. SeCerebebi rom ar iyos, Cven albaT mdinaris siswrafes ver davinaxavdiT, Seyovneba rom ar iyos, siswrafes ver SevafasebdiT an davinaxavdiT, magram moZraobas ver aRviqvamdiT. Cven, am SemTxvevaSi, mas aRviqvamT imitom, rom qvam Seayovna. Semouara qvas

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wyalma da gaagrZela moZraoba, dineba xom ar Sewyvetila? Tumca Cven davinaxeT, rogor Seayursa man Tavisi energia, raTa daZlios dabrkoleba.

CemTvis X saukunis arqiteqturuli forma aseTia. davuSvaT, kumurdos taZarSi SigniT SexvediT. maRali sivrcea, Tvali zeviT wavida da odnav Seyovnda. iq svetis Tavze festonebia, Semdeg svetis Tavia, Semdeg patara elementia gasaRebis gasayreliviT, CuqurTmaa am elementebze da warmoidgineT, isea mozomili am CuqurTmis siRrme Tu zoma, rom maRalzec kargad Cans. Tvali Seyovnda, magram ar gaCerda. forma moZraobs, magram odnavi plastikuri aqcentebi aqvs. formis aseTi gancda CemTvis formulisebr aris gamoxatuli afra-trompiT, romelic ukve vaxseneT. trompi aris zedapiri, romelic Tvals aCerebs imitom, rom patara mRvimesaviTaa. afra is zedapiria, romelic Tvals ar aCerebs. konstruqciulad aSeneben afras da Sig svamen tromps. ratom? etyoba, undaT, rom Tvali Seyovndes, magram ara ise, rogorc mas namdvili trompi gaaCerebda, Seyovndes odnav mainc _ aRiqvas kvanZi, rogorc aseTi, dainaxos, rom es zemswrafi energia marTlac didi energiaa da zeviT rom avides, kidev unda gadalaxos, ai, es elementi. da marTlac, TiTqos ganicdeba Rone, energia, romelic cxovrobs formaSi da romelsac SeuZlia, gaaerTianos es plastikurad gamokveTili elementebi, Tanac, miuxedavad maTi arsebobisa, SeinarCunos erTianoba. gava sul cota xani, naxevari saukune da ostatebs aRar moundebaT aseTi dabrkolebebis Seqmna, maT moundebaT swored erTianad medini forma, magram X saukuneSi amgvari dauSromeli moZraoba Tvalisa jer mainc ar undaT _ maT undaT, gangvacdevinon sxvagvari energiuloba. piradad CemTvis X saukunis xuroTmoZRvreba (da marTali rom vTqva, ar mgonia mTlad subieqturi viyo, Tumca me is Zalian momwons da amitom SeiZleba ufro mZafrad aRviqvam) es aris arqiteqtura, romelic aSkarad gagrZnobinebT masSi Cadebul Zalian did Zalas. es aris arqiteqtura, romelSic uzarmazari energia feTqavs. ufro daxvewil (ara ukeTesobis, aramed Camoqnilobis TvalsazrisiT) XI saukunis arqiteqturaSi es Zala naklebia,

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SeiZleba, mxolod alaverdis taZars aqvs _ iq imxela moculobebia, rom es moaqvs, X saukunis sruliad rigiT, xuroTmoZRvrulad zogjer arcTu mniSvnelovan nagebobebSi ki Tundac erTmaneTze Sewyobili ucnauri, didi qvebi Tqven am Zalas yovelTvis gagrZnobineben. TiTqos am nagebobebs sxva zomis adamianebi aSeneben, mTlad devebi da goliaTebi ara, magram sxvanairad Ronierebi. TiTqos did qvebs mxarze ase TamaS-TamaS wamoigdeben, mere mivlen da pirdapir kedels daadeben, iqve duRabic gamzadebulia, daadeben da meore didi lodis mosatanad midian. Tanac am yvelaferSi Cans kidev erTi sxva Tviseba. axla rasac vityvi, unda mapatioT, radgan albaT Zalian elitaristulad da cudad JRers. marina cvetaevas aqvs erTi leqsi, romelsac Tavisi gardacvlili nacnobis xsovnas uZRvnis. is moskovis samxatvro akademiaSi msaxiobebs qcevis wesebs aswavlida da Tavadac cnobili iyo imiT, rom Tavis daWera uzadod icoda. 1918 wels gardaicvala. axali momxdari iyo bolSevikuri revolucia da iyo umkacresi zamTari, SimSili, erTi sityviT, yvelaferi is, rac nebismier omsa da gadatrialebas mosdevs. cvetaeva aseT rames ambobs, koJrebiani xelebis bnel samefoSi daikrifa Seni ulamazesi xelebio. Cveni xelovneba da, mgonia, rom saerTod aranairi namdvili xelovneba, iseve, rogorc araferi namdvilad azriani, ar iqmneba koJriani xelebiT. koJriani xeli, Tu is namdvil Semoqmeds ekuTvnis, iseTia, rom koJrs veRar xedavT, koJri am xelis nawili xdeba da Tu amCnevT, rogori gawamebulia adamiani, ramxela jafa CaanTxia Tavis SemoqmedebaSi, e.i. raRac rigze ver aris mis romanSi, filosofiur traqtatSi, simfoniasa Tu nagebobaSi. aseTi kanonzomierebac arsebobs, araabsoluturi _ bevri ram, rac aRiqmeba, rogorc Zalian iolad gakeTebuli, didi wvalebiTaa Seqmnili, magram es ver unda igrZnoT. ramdeni saaTi dasWirda, vTqvaT, meviolines, rom Seesrulebina raRac pasaJi, Cveni saqme ar aris. man me unda momasmeninos musika da masSi ar unda iyos wvaleba. sxvaTa Soris, Sefasebis erT-erTi kriteriumi aseTia: Tuki grZnobT, rom adamiani swrafad ukravs,

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es niSnavs, rom is mTlad kargad ver ukravs. kargad rodesac ukraven, Tqven es imdenad martivi geCvenebaT, rom sul ver aRiqvamT, raime teqnikuri dabrkoleba Tu arsebobda. Tuki fiqrobT, rogor moaxerxa musikosma amodena akordis aReba, raRac rigze ver aris, raRac daZleuli ar aris. ai, am arqiteqturaSi aris energia, romelsac koJrebi ar uCndeba, romelsac SeuZlia yvelaferi TamaS-TamaS Seqmnas, oRond, es ar aris lazRandaroba. es aris TamaSi im azriT, rogoriTac TamaSi SeiZleba yofiliyo romeliRac, cxadia, araqristianuli, sataZro qmedeba an daviT winaswarmetyvelis rokva kidobanTan. es TamaSia im gagebiT, rom ar aris aucilebeli cxovrebiseulad _ arc muclis amosayorad, arc tkbili ZilisaTvis da arc gasaTbobad. es raRac sxvisTvis aris saWiro. is TiTqos Tavisufalia yofis borkilebisagan da aris mxolod ise, rogorc Semoqmedeba. ai, am azriTaa TamaS-TamaSi, TamaSi, romelic SeiZleba ufro seriozulia, vidre bevri sxva ram, magaliTad, romelime ormos amoTxra, raTa mere qvemodan wyali amovides. kargi ram aris Wa, magram albaT yvelaze kargi maSin aris, rodesac xedavT imas, rom is lamazia da ara mxolod imas, rom is sasargebloa. am xelovnebaSi, am azriT, mZime, nawvalebi araferi ar aris. es aris didi energia, romelsac ar eZneleba ragind mZime qvis atana, ragind CaxlarTuli formis gakeTeba, ragind rTuli konstruqciis amoyvana. misTvis yvelaferi aris advili. CemTvis aseTia X saukunis arqiteqtura da ase aboloebs is gardamavali xanis xuroTmoZRvrebas. aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom am dros, X saukunis meore naxevaSi, qarTul qveynebSi, SemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT, aSkarad winaurdeba samxreTi saqarTvelo, bagrationTa sauflo, sadac xerxdeba erTgvari dajameba yvelafrisa, rac maSin mTel saqarTveloSi xdeboda. es pirveli Sejamebaa, mere, rogorc Cans, kidev iqneba. am SemTxvevaSi, aSkaraa _ is aboloebs dekoratiuli elementebis Camoqnas. swored aq, samxreT saqarTveloSi, Cven pirvelad vxedavT am elementebs Camoyalibebuli saxiT. aq vxedavT Tugind afra-tromps,

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vxedavT TaRTa amgvar sistemebs. dasrulebuli saxiT isini aq, samxreT saqarTveloSia, Tumca maTi winasaxeebi qarTlSia, kaxeTSia. xdeba bagrationTa saxlis aRzeveba, Tumca, sxvaTa Soris, TavisTavad bagrationebis SigniT am dros didi siamtkbiloba araa da maincdamainc Zlieri Tavad es saxlic ver aris imitom, rom erTmaneTs ebrZvian. mogexsenebaT, Tu Signidan gaiyo ojaxi, es didi ubedurebaa, magram SemoqmedebiTad aq raRac xdeba. axla rac unda vTqva, mistikas hgavs da amitom jobia, axsnas Tavi davanebo, ubralod faqtia, rom es ase moxda. ai, aq, am monastrebSi, romelTagan zogierTi jer kidev TviTon wm. grigolma Seqmna, grigol xanZTelisagan micemuli biZgiT wamovida mZlavri samonastro moZraoba. mis xanZTaSi Sendeba, magaliTad, X saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi taZari, romelic momdevno arqiteqturuli ZiebisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia, erT-erTi sakvanZoa. kidevac viciT misi avtoris saxeli _ amona _ romelic Semogvinaxa giorgi merCulem da mas araCveulebrivi daxasiaTebac aqvs: akurTxos RmerTma amona, yovliTa sibrZniTa ganmasrulebeli xanZTisaÁ. ra Tqma unda, merCulem is gamoarCia da sul 20 welia, rac gairkva, rom srulebiT samarTlianadac gamoarCia. b-nma vaxtang jobaZem aCvena, rom swored xanZTis taZari aris is mijna, romlis Semdegac iwyeba ukve raRac sxva. X saukunis xuroTmoZRvreba aq aris. saboloo saxe mas jer ar miuRia, magram aqedan modis yvelaferi, rac mere Camoyalibdeba. erTgvari Semobrunebis wertili aris aq da Semdeg ukve kvlavac bagrationTagan daarsebul sxva monastrebSic _ oSkSi, xaxulSi, oTxTa eklesiaSi Tu ramdenimegzis gadakeTebul-ganaxlebul iSxanSi _ romlebic agrZeleben samxreT qarTul saeklesio tradicias. samxreTqarTuli taZrebis xuroTmoZRvrebaSi Cndeba is axali, rac Semdeg ukve XI saukuneSi nel-nela mTeli qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebisaTvis wesi Seiqneba. es ar niSnavs imas, rom saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi Semoqmedeba ar aris. ra Tqma unda, ara! mxolod, roca raimeze vambobT, rom aris istoriulad progresuli, vgulisxmobT, rom

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is Semdgom povebs ganviTarebas. sadRac is ufro adre gamoCnda da es aris progresuli. raime regresuli mxatvruli RirsebiT SeiZleba ukeTesic iyos, magram is iqneba istoriulad uperspeqtivo. Tumca SeiZleba iyos perspeqtiuli, oRond ara uSualod Semdgomi aTwleulebisTvis aramed, dauSvaT, 2 saukunis Semdeg. ai, ase aris Tundac XVII saukunisa da XVIII saukunis dasawyisis evropuli musika, romelic Tavis droze daviwyebas mieca da Semdeg, XIX saukunis bolos, iZleva impulss. is impulss aZlevs ara Tavis uSualo memkvidreebs, aramed ufro Soreulebs, romlebic mas pirdapir baZaven. am azriT, swored istoriuli progresulobis TvalsazrisiT, aris Zalian mniSvnelovani am xanis samxreTqarTuli, pirvel yovlisa, taos, arqiteqturuli qmnilebebi. am nagebobaSi (ufro zustad, or nagebobaSi, romelTagan erTi ar viciT da mxolod vvaraudobT, rom aseTi iyo), romelic Tumc Zalian Selaxuli, nakluli, magram mainc SemogvrCa, gasaxierda istoriulad sxvadasxva kuTxobrivi nakadebis Sexvedra da samxreTqarTuli nakadis erTgvari gamarjveba moxda. es is nagebobebia, romlebic bagrat III-is saxels ukavSirdeba. mogexsenebaT, bagrat III is xelmwifea, romlis xelSic, farnavazisa da vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg, kidev erTxel moxda istoriuli saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela miwis gaerTianeba. TiTqmis yvelasi, radgan darCa Tbilisi _ Tbilisis saamiro _ romelic man ver moipova, xolo danarCeni saqarTvelo raRac dros gaaerTiana. albaT yvela mixvdeba, rom am taZarTagan erT-erTi aris quTaisis e.w. bagratis taZari, sinamdvileSi _ RvTismSoblis miZinebis quTaisis saepiskoposo eklesia. 1990-iani wlebidan araerTxel dadga misi aRgenis sakiTxi da ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom erT-erTi argumenti, erT-erTi gulistkivili iyo swored is, rom ar SeiZleba, dangreuli iyos saqarTvelos erTianobis ganmasaxierebeli taZari. amas pirdapir ambobda, Tu ar vcdebi, b-ni rezo WeiSvili: es aris gansaxiereba erTianobisa, rogor gvinda, gagvierTiandes qveyana, Tuki misi simbolo dangreuli da Tavgadaxdili gvaqvs?!

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SeiZleba, viRacisTvis es paTetika iyos, magram ase ar aris imitom, rom yvelaferi, rac adamianma Seqmna, sxva adamianebisaTvis istoriis msvlelobisas damatebiT datvirTvas iZens. Cven viciT, rom bagratis gvirgvinqveS gaerTianda saqarTvelo da man es taZari srulebiT sagangebod aaSena. mematiane pirdapir ambobs, yvela kuTxis episkoposi moiyvana da ise akurTxebinao. ratom? man TviTonve Cado es datvirTva, gana Cven movigoneT, gana marto Cven amovikiTxeT. ase dainaxes es mis dros, ase vxedavT Cven dResac da es imas niSnavs, rom misi survili, misi idea marTlac xorcSesxmulia. is agrZelebs arsebobas im formiT, romelic ostatisa Tu ostatTagan Seiqmna. ra da rogor aris aq, amaze ukve Semdgom visaubroT.

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