8. afxazeTis arqiteqtura

Cven, erTi SexedviT, davasruleT saubari X saukunis xuroTmoZRvrebaze da kidevac vTqviT, rom XI saukunem erTgvarad daabolova X saukunis ostatebis SemoqmedebiTi Rwva, Zieba, da muSaoba. Tumca dagvrCa, ufro sworad, migvrCa, sakiTxi, romelzec aucileblad unda iTqvas, vinaidan is ukiduresad saWirborotoa. albaT saWiro ar iqneba bevri ganmarteba, Tu vityvi, rom es afxazeTis xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis problemaa. afxazeTis, dRevandeli afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis, farglebSi moqceuli arqiteqtura ukve karga xania aris viTom mecnieruli da sinamdvileSi Zalian gamWvirvale politikuri miTqma-moTqmisa da pirdapiri spekulirebis sagani. 1970-ian wlebSi, jer kidev 1960-iani wlebis bolodanac, iwereboda xan wignebi, xan werilebi, romlebic iseT STabeWdilebas qmnida, TiTqos afxazeTi sadRac italiasa da saberZneTs Soris yofiliyo ganlagebuli. yovel SemTxvevaSi, masze raRacnairad mTeli qveyniereba axdenda gavlenas da erTaderTi qveyana, romelsac masTan aranairi kavSiri ar hqonda, saqarTvelo iyo. savsebiT gasagebia, ratomac iwereboda ase, magram faqtia, rom am Zalian saeWvo xarisxis msjelobebma da kvlevebma (e.w. kvlevebma) nayofi moitana. faqtia isic, rom Seiqmna ideologia, romelic afxazeTis dRevandeli mcxovreblebis albaT Zalian didi nawilis TavSi damkvidrebulia da gansazRvravs sakuTari qveynis istoriis imgvar xedvas, rogoric maT aqvT.

Zalian uxeSad rom vTqvaT, is gamoiyureba ase: yvelaferi bizantiuri iyo, Semdeg ki, X saukunis bolos an sulac XI saukuneSi, Semovarda aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo, daipyro afxazeTi da iq Tavis gemoze aSenebda eklesiebs. ai, ase gamoiyureba es istoria imitom, rom erTaderTi, rac SeuZliaT daasaxelon afxazeTis Taviseburebad isaa, rom is bizantiuria. magaliTad, xdeba aseTi ambebic: erTi iq mcxovrebi rusi qalbatoni, Zalian naklebad sindisieri mkvlevari, aTariRebs erT-erT

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filas, romelic ueWvelad X saukunisaa, magram mas unda, rom is V saukunis iyos. rogor aTariRebs? aiRo XX saukunis naqargoba, gakeTebuli gaugebari warmoSobis nimuSiT, romelic namdvilad araa Sesrulebuli V saukunis CanaxatebiT da gamoacxada, rom es aris afxazuri folkloris motivi. saocrad uwignuri daskvnaa, radgan farSevangebis motivs afxazur folklorTan dakavSireba sul ar sWirdeboda. Semdeg ufro seriozulma mkvlevrebma am Taviseburebis ZiebaSi gamoTqves, magaliTad, mosazreba, rom biWvinTis mozaikaze gamosaxuli furi Tu xbo aris romeliRac afxazur leqssa Tu legendaSi. ukiduresad araseriozulia, vifiqroT, rom V saukuneSi viRacam an maincdamainc es legenda gaiTvaliswina, an maincdamainc es leqsi da saerTodac, aris ki es imdroindeli? Tanac furi nuTu dedamiwaze sxvagan arsad yofila da imdenad specifikurad afxazuri movlenaa, rom marto am motiviT SegviZlia rame saerTod davasabuToT? aseT msjelobebs, aseT wiaRsvlebs SeuZlia, moitanos mxolod ziani da, ra Tqma unda, maT es ziani moitanes. kidev erTi Zalian cudi ram, rac amgvar fsevdomecnierebas Wirs, is aris, rom, Semdeg, rodesac mas gaabaTileben da gaamtyuneben, eWvis qveS dgeba saerTod yovelgvari codna da saWiro xdeba imis mtkiceba, rom qva qva aris da aguri aguria. amitom araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gadavdgaT aseTi daufiqrebeli da politizebuli nabijebi. mecnierebze ver vityvi, magram, samwuxarod, am mxriv, arc garkveuli tipis qarTveli gamomsvlelebi da oratorebi arian mTlad ucodvelni imitom, rom maTac bevri daufiqrebeli da mouzomavi uTqvamT, ramac uamravi ubedureba moitana da kvlavac moaqvs. me mainc vfiqrob, rom jobs, yovelgvar Teorias Tavi davaneboT da ubralod SevxedoT imas, Tu ra aris saqarTvelos am mxareSi SemorCenili. pirvel yovlisa, gavixsenoT misi geografiuli sazRvrebi. Cven xom viciT _ avtonomiuri respublika ar emTxveva eTnografiul afxazeTs. eTnografiuli afxazeTi iwyeboda ufro CrdiloeTiT. kargi, amasac Tavi davaneboT imitom, rom gansaxleba Tavad afxazebisa cvalebadia da SeiZleba raRac dros isini aqeT iyvnen da mere iqiT

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wavidnen an, piriqiT, jer viwrod iyvnen da mere gansaxldnen. davaneboT amas Tavi da vilaparakoT imaze, rac am dRevandel sazRvrebSi dgas. jer erTi, rac SemorCenilia, bevri ar aris _ aris nagebobebi, romlebic arqeologiuri gaTxrebiTaa gamovlenili, aris Zalian dangreuli taZrebic, aris iseTebic, romlebic dgas, magram amgvari viTarebis SemTxvevaSic ki srulebiT aSkaraa ori movlena. marTlac aris nagebobebi, romlebic bizantiuria. aseTi iyo, magaliTad, gegmiT SemorCenili biWvinTis bazilikebi, romlebic namdvilad mcireaziuri nimuSiT aris aSenebuli. amaSi gasakviri araferia, radgan es qalaqi aris adgilas, romelsac berZnuli saxeli hqvia. iq romauli garnizoni dgas da mosaxleoba berZnulenovania. marTalia, imave bazilikis mozaikuri iatakis warweraSi moxseniebuli saxeli arc romaulia da arc berZnuli da albaT adgilobrivi macxovreblis, mkvidris saxeli unda iyos, magram xom cxadia, rom am qalaqSi wamyvani Zala aris ucxotomeli da ara adgilobrivi kaci, romelic iq dasaxlda da maT gverdiT cxovrobs, magram warweras berZnulad wers. mas ostatebic iseTi hyavs, rom iqneb kidevac iyvnen adgilobrivni, magram maTi xelovneba, yovel SemTxvevaSi, me ase mgonia, ver CaiTvleba raime adgilobriv qarTul movlenad. es aris raRac zogadad aRmosavlurqristianuli _ is hgavs palestinurs, hgavs siriuls. aki vambob, SeiZleba aqauri ostatia an SeiZleba ar aris aqauri ostati _ amas principuli mniSvneloba ar aqvs, radgan, rogorc mxatvruli movlena, is ar warmoadgens arafer specifikurs. gasakviri swored is iqneboda, rom am qalaqebSi uceb sveticxovlebi da mcxeTis jvris taZrebi mdgariyo. es iqneboda Zalian ucnauri, miT umetes, rom, rogorc etyoba, es wminda wylis bizantiuri samSeneblo xelovneba sakmaod Semosulia dasavleT saqarTveloSi da egriseli, berZnuli nomenklaturiT _ lazikis, mefeebis dedaqalaqi noqalaqevi imdagvarivea. iqac mowveuli ostatebi aSeneben. rogorc Cans, adgilobriv xelisufals ase urCevnia da es bunebrivia, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom berZnebi iq, sul cota, Zv.w. V saukunidan mainc saxloben. warmogidgeniaT,

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1 000 weli iq arian?! Tanac es aris dawinaurebuli kultura, romelic egviptesa da romsac ki moaxvies Tavs da lazikaSi ratom ar moaxdenda gavlenas? ufro ucnauri isaa, rom bevr rameze ver moaxdina zegavlena, Torem qalaqur dasaxlebebSi rom misi kvali Candes da, vTqvaT, berZen ostats epatiJebodnen, mgoni, Zalian gasagebia. aq araferi aris iseTi, rasac adamiani ver mixvdeba da ver warmoidgens. amasTan erTad, aris sxva movlenebic. magaliTad, yovelTvis vambob da SeiZleba vaxsene kidec, rom VI saukuneSi gagraSi gvaqvs eklesia _ sameklesiiani bazilika, dgas cixis gverdiT, romelic aaSenes bizantielebma da imave wyobiT aris aSenebuli qarTuli tipis eklesia. absoluturad gaugebaria, es rogor moxda da ratom aaSenes is ostatebma, romlebic bizantiurma xelisuflebam daiqirava da albaT Tavisi xalxi uTava. ar mgonia, mTaSi wasuliyvnen, svani CamoeyvanaT da eTqvaT, Sen aaSeneo, albaT mainc vinme Tavisas etyodnen. ratom aaSena man qarTuli rigis eklesia? SeiZleba, eklesias adgilobrivi ostati aSenebs da cixes _ sxva. Tu asea, maSin wyoba ratom hgavs ase? SeiZleba, damkveTma uTxra, amisTana amiSene, raki me miSenebo da me Tu mkiTxavT, es ufro ucnauria. Cven aseve gvaqvs drandis taZari. is didi xnis ganmavlobaSi saepiskoposo iyo da piradad me viziareb mis daTariRebas VIII saukuniT. es aris berZnuli arqiteqtura _ nagebi aguriT, aguris imgvari wyobiT, romelic iq iyo miRebuli, Zalian ganieri proporciebiTa da dabali gumbaTiT, rogoric adrebizantiurma xuroTmoZRvrebam icis. SigniT gumbaTi rotondaze dgas, rac Cveni arqiteqturisaTvis agreTve sakmaod ucxoa (Tumca aris erTi rotonda, romelic dmanisTan aRmoCnda, magram is sworedac rom gamonaklisia da ara wesi. iqac, vfiqrob, es erTgvari importia, saidanRac Semovida da albaT mosaZebnia politikuri garemoeba, romelmac es SesaZlebeli gaxada, maSin gavigebT, is iq rogor gaCnda). ucnauri is aris, rom am berZnul xelobasac aqvs detalebi da, rogorc Cans, isinic romeliRac sxva wyarodan modis _ patara TaRukebi, romlebic taZris sam Sveril afsids erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. me sagangebod veZebe

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es forma da ver vipove _ bizantiurma samyarom aseTi forma ar icis. samagierod, es TaRebi Zalian kargad ebmis mcxeTis jvris taZrebs, sadac sworad asea _ Sua da gverdiT oTaxebs Soris TaRebia gadebuli da warmoiqmneba niSebi. ver warmomidgenia, kidev saidan SeiZleboda es gaCeniliyo, radgan aseT afsidian sakurTxevlebs sxvagan amgvari forma ar axasiaTebs da aqve ki, gverdiT, aseTi ram arsebobs. aki vambob, ucnuri es aris, rom qarTulma elementma SeJona da ara is, rom berZenma aaSena iq, sadac bevri berZeni cxovrobs. miT umetes, iq maSin saepiskoposo saydrebic iyo da namdvilad berZeni episkoposebi isxdnen. daaxloebiT amave dros, cota adre, kidev erTi sameklesiiani bazilika Sendeba _ cixis SigniT dgas cixis eklesiad. es abaanTas cixea. Zalian dangreuli, magram Tlili qviT Zalian kargad nagebi mSvenieri eklesiaa. is ratomRac qarTuli tipisaa da isic ar aris zRvis sanapirodan didad dacilebuli. gadis cota xani da aseve zRvasTan axlos, biWvinTis siaxloves, daaxloebiT IX saukuneSi didebul adgilas (dResac ki tyea) Sendeba mSvenieri eklesia (am adgils ambara hqvia, koncxze dgas, es koncxi miuseraa). dazianebuli, magram Zalian kargi sameklesiiani bazilikaa. samxreTidan aqvs karibWe, rogoric qarTlsa da samxreT saqarTveloSi icodnen, SemaRlebuli frontoniT _ am tipis erT-erTi adreuli gverdiTi moculoba taZrisa. amas garda, SigniT taZars aqvs patronike. dasavleT mxares iq narTeqsia mowyobili, imis Tavze aris patronike da Sua taZrisgan is gaiyofa tixriT, romelSic aris amoRebuli ori TaRi. imis Tavze kidev erTi TaRia, oRond es sarTuli ar aris, iq iataki ar yofila, is wminda wylis dekoria. aseTi patronikes erTaderTi SemTxveva aris gurjaanis yvelawmindaSi. srulebiT aSkaraa, es gurjaanis yvelawmindidan gadmovida da, Cans, moewonaT kidec imitom, rom albaT cota gvian am motivs imeorebs ukve gumbaTiani arqiteqtura lixnis anu zufus taZarSi. iq aris aseTive tixari, kaxeTidan wamosuli. me ar minda vTqva, rom es aRmosavleTqarTuli importia, rom mivida qarTleli an kaxeli, auSena eklesia da ukan dab-

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runda. es ase ar aris. iq sxva proporciebia, odnav gansxvavebuli sivrciTi struqturaa. vTqvaT, rogorc kaxeTi gansxvavdeba qarTlisagan, megruli simRera _ gurulisagan, aseTi sxvaobebi namdvilad aris. am kuTxes aqvs Tavisi xuroTmoZRvruli saxe, magram Tavs iCens es ucnauri saerTooba danarCen saqarTvelosTan. is marTla ucnauria, istoriuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, roca viciT, rom aq aris dominacia. raRaca dros aq saxelmwifo saerTod ar aris da zis bizantieli xelmwifis warmomadgeneli _ aRmosavleT romis imperatoris xelisufali. ratom Sendeba am tipis qarTuli eklesiebi? es ucnauria, gacilebiT ufro ucnauri, vidre sawinaaRmdego. da mere, ukve IX saukunis bolodan, Cven vxedavT srulebiT kanonzomier suraTs, rogor Sendeba eklesiebi da maTSi Zalian sagulisxmoa Semdegi: erTxel Sexedav da geCveneba _ ara, es albaT bizantielebisaa, mere iwyeb Zebnas, Tu ra aris bizantielebTan amdagvari da ver poulob. ver poulob imitom, rom ar aris. rodesac ufro CauRrmavdebi, aRmoaCen, rom aq qarTuli arqiteqturisaa sworedac rom ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da aris kidev cal-calke formebi, romlebic bizantiuri arqiteqturidanaa SeTvisebuli. kidev vimeoreb _ savsebiT bunebrivia, Tu ratom. ra aris es taZrebi, pirvel yovlisa? es aris mSveneba am kuTxis xuroTmoZRvrebisa _ ramdenime gumbaTiani taZari. maTgan, rogorc Cans, uadresi, samwuxarod, Zalian dangreulia, magram ZiriTadi elementebi SenarCunebulia. es aris bzifis cixe da misi cixis eklesia. ar vici, ra mouvida _ gumbaTi Cangreulia da misi mklavebi gapobilia. iqneb mizezi mewyeria an miwisZvra. aseTi ngrevis suraTia, magram ar gaZarcula _ yvelaferi, rac Camovarda, iqve aris. ase rom, q-nma rusudan gverdwiTelma am taZris grafikuli rekonstruqcia srulad, udanakargod moaxerxa. yvela formis rekonstruireba iyo SesaZlebeli. rogoria es taZrebi? es aris e.w. Cawerili jvris eklesiebi anu gumbaTi oTx burjs eyrdnoba da Cveni, ase vTqvaT, modaveni gveubnebian, rom aseTi eklesiebi miRebulia bizantiaSi. ra

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Tqma unda, miRebulia! is iq fexs ikidebs X saukunis dasawyisidan da CvenSi dasturdeba VII saukunidan. logikurad, ra Tqma unda, SeiZleboda iqidan Semosuliyo, magram aranakleb logikuria ivaraudo, rom es Semovida iqidan, sadac ukeTesad aris cnobili. Tumca es varaudad darCeboda, bzifis taZars samkauli rom ar hqonoda. saerTod, afxazeTis skola qvaze kveTil dekors maincdamainc ar swyalobs, Tumca aseTi skolebic viciT. vTqvaT, qarTli da samxreTi saqarTvelo dekoris moyvarulia, magram, gamorCeuli dekoriani Zeglebis gverdiT, aris umkobi Zeglebic. zogadad, saukeTesos Tu moikiTxav, samkauli, rogorc wesi, aqvs. kaxeTSi es ase ar aris, naklebad aris afxazeTSic da naklebad aris, magaliTad, svaneTSic, romelsac bizantiurobas, tyavidanac rom gamoZvre, mainc ver daabraleb, bizantiurTan saerTo sul araferia, magram arc iq aris samkauli, Zalian mwiri da iSviaTia. SeiZleba, es pirdapir davabraloT masalas, magram mainc mgonia, rom, Tu adamians raRac Zalian unda, qvasac iSovis da rasac ginda moitans. roca adamianebs raRac undaT, isini amas axerxeben, Tu ar akeTeben, e.i. amis moTxovnileba ar aqvT. ai, ratom aris ase, es ki albaT ukve saZiebelia. SeiZleba, amas rame axsna moeZebnos. piradad me, amwuTas raime mecnieruli axsna ar meguleba _ ase aris da morCa, unda davadasturoT aseTi viTareba. asea Tu ise, bzifis taZris sarkmlebs aqvs mosarTavebi da dekoratiuli TaRovani CarCo karzec aris Semovlebuli, xolo qvaze kveTiloba _ sami jvari, erTmaneTSi gayrili rgolebi, TavsarTi akecili boloebiT _ Zalian hgavs qarTlis arqiteqturas. rodesac am fragmentebs Sexedav da dainaxav, ramdeni wamoiRes iqidan, mere ukve aRar fiqrob, rom maincdamainc bizantiidan unda moetanaT. miT umetes, roca uyureb, rom taZris samive kars (sami Sesasvleli aqvs samTave mklavSi) win udgas veeberTela karibWeebi, TiTqmis mklavisxela, winpirze didi TaRebiT. aseTi karibWeebi cnobilia aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kaxeTSi _ meti arsad! aseTebi aqvs iyalTos monastris mTavar taZars (da axla kidev momixdeba iyalTos xseneba), aris sxva eklesiebSic, hqonda barcanas eklesias, magaliTad,

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saingilos erT eklesias aqvs, qarTlis namonastralia da iqac aris. es aris kaxuri forma. aris kaxuri karibWeebi, qarTluri ornamentebi da ratom unda vifiqroT, rom gegmareba maincdamainc saidanRac aris motanili? gansxvavebuli Tu rame aris, esaa afrebi, romlebic ostatebs SeeZloT drandaSi enaxaT. ufro sworad, afras ver naxavdnen, radgan is rotondas ar sWirdeba, magram es Semrgvalebuli zedapiri, romelzec gumbaTi amodis, SeeZloT iqve enaxaT. ar iyo saWiro Sors wasvla da mixvedra, rogor xdeba misi amoyvana. Tundac samafsidiani sakurTxeveli drandaSic iyo da aqaurobamac icoda. aqvs ganTiadis bazilikasac, am Zalian ucnaur nagebobas, romlis daTariRebac Wirs. Tan samxreTkavkasiuria, Tan TiTqos mcireaziuric, SeiZleba raRac balkanuric hqondes Sereuli, is ki aris rTuli SemTxveva da Cven ar vmalavT, rom es savsebiT gasagebi arqiteqtura araa. ratom unda vTqvaT tyuili? iq aris bevri ram, rac rTulad gasagebia da kidev muSaobas moiTxovs. Cven erTmniSvnelovnad arc ki viciT, kamarovani iyo is Tu xiT gadaxuruli. piradad me viziareb b-ni leo rCeuliSvilis azrs, rom is kamarovani iyo. ase mgonia, radgan b-n leosTan erTad rac vnaxe, amaze miuTiTebda, magram rakiRa viRacas eWvi epareba, kidev da kidev unda SevamowmoT. me, rogorc wesi, am eklesias ar ganvixilav, imitom rom Zalian bevri ram aris iq saTuo da Tanac uanalogo, rac saqmes arTulebs, magram samnawiliani sakurTxeveli iq aris. Sesabamisad, es formac, orive es forma, aq ukve aris, maT es ukve ician. diax, mcire aziidan Semovida, rasakvirvelia, magram aq is ukve kargad aris cnobili. aSkarad bizantiuri elementi aqvs lixnis anu zufus eklesias, romelic axlaxan vaxsene. iq aris Taviseburi forma gumbaTisa, romelic TiTqos lebnebisganaa Sedgenili. warmoidgineT forToxali da misi nawevrebi, romlebic SeRrmavebuli iqneboda. kovziT Tu amoiRebdiT da Semdeg raRacas daaxuravdiT, aseT gumbaTs miiRebdiT. ingliselebma amas `gogrisebri gumbaTi“ daarqves. es specifikurad bizantiuri, konstantinopoluri formaa. viRacas moewona da Camoitana, magram danar-

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Cens ra vuyoT? jer erTi, lixnis taZari Zlier wagrZelebulia maSin, roca bzifis taZari sworkuTxa iyo. saqme isaa, rom bzifis taZari ufro Zveli unda iyos anu kvadratuls mosdevs wagrZelebuli. es amdroindeli bizantiisaTvis absoluturad gaugebari ramaa, radgan VII saukunidan bizantiaSi, piriqiT, V da VI saukuneebis droindeli grZivi gegmebis damokleba da dakvadrateba xdeba. Suabizantiur da gvianbizantiur arqiteqturaSi yvela gegma kvadratulia da SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom rihard krauthaimers, arqiteqturis istoriis cnobil mkvlevars, akvirvebs trapezundis aia sofia, romelic odnav wagrZelebulia. ar gaukvirdeboda, rom gaexeda samxreT kavkasiisaken da enaxa, rom iq aris aseTi eklesiebi, sadac Cawerili jvris tipis eklesia wagrZelebuli gegmis mqonea. bizantiam es ar icis, iq amas, ubralod, ver naxavT. Tanac aseTi Tanmimdevroba _ kvadratuli da wagrZelebuli _ bizantiuri arqiteqturis istoriidan gamomdinare, ubralod, absurdulia. iq ase ar SeiZleba, piriqiT unda iyos da Cveni masala ki amis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs. rogorc giTxariT, aq aris gurjaanidan wamosuli patronikes gaformebis sqema. aris Zalian sada kedlebi, romlebSic amoWrilia viwro sarkmlebi da Tqven sul xedavT kedels. esec pirdapir gamomricxvelia bizantiuri esTetikisa. berZnul (mcireazieli berZnebis, kontinetis berZnebisa Tu balkaneTis berZnebis) arqiteqturaSi xdeba aseTi ucnauri ram _ aris erTi sarkmeli, uyurebT fasads, xedavT sarkmels da kedels ver xedavT. marTali giTxraT, me yovelTvis ar SemiZlia avxsna, ratom aris es ase, magram aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac es aSkaraa. ai, magaliTad, dafnis eklesiebs rom SexedoT an hosios-lukasis monastrisas, es aris kedeli, romelSic amoRebulia sammagi sarkmlebi da Zalian cota kedelia darCenili. sul sarkmlebs da am sarkmlebis gamyof svetebs xedavT, sul Riobebia. ase aris konstantinopoluri eklesiebi _ kedlebi sul RiobebiT aris axdili. esTetika Riobzea agebuli, misi dasayrdeni es aris. Cveni gare fasadis esTetika agebulia imgvari sibrtyis aRqmaze, romelSic amoRebulia Riobi. asea ara

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imitom, rom me minda ase, aramed aseTia es arqiteqtura da amave tradicias emxroba bzifis taZaric da lixnis eklesiac.

CemTvis, rogorc istorikosisaTvis, yvelaze saintereso imis gaanalizeba iyo, Tu ra gveucxoeba Cven lixneSi. gveucxoeba is, rom patara gumbaTi aqvs _ grZeli nagebobaa da patara gumbaTi adgas. iqve aris es didi `kaxuri~ karibWeebi. SeiZleba afxazuric davarqvaT, magram es isaa, rac kaxeTsa da afxazeTs saziaro aqvT. aseTive didi karibWeebia, srulebiT abizantiuri da zeviT _ es patara gumbaTi. marTali giTxraT, mec vifiqre, etyoba, iqidan aris-meTqi. es Zalian didi xnis win moxda, 1975 wels viyavi afxazeTSi. Tan vfiqrob, bizantiaSi sad aris aseTi gumbaTebi, TiTqos ar maxsovs, magram aba saidan movida? mgoni, roca Camovedi, raRac damWirda da daviwye Zebna, gadameSala Tu gadavSale wigni iyalTos monasterze, romelic amas winaT vaxsene. iyalTos dRes maRali gumbaTis yeli aqvs da Cvens Tvals es Zalian moswons _ grZeli eklesia, zed maRali gumbaTi adgas, Zalian kargad aris Sewonasworebuli. mTeli saqme is gaxlavT, rom es gumbaTi aris XIX saukunis, Tu maincdamainc _ XVIII saukunis. ufro adre is ver aSendeboda. rom warmovidginoT, rogori gumbaTi SeiZleboda iq yofiliyo adre (arada viciT, rogori proporcia hqonda maSin gumbaTebs), gamova, rom gumbaTis gadaxurvis wveri unda iyos iq, sadac dRes aris gumbaTis yelis karnizi da miviRebT swored iseTive patara gumbaTs, rogoric lixnes aqvs. mere sul vfiqrobdi, rom rac bizantiuri megona, swored is aRmoCnda kaxeTTan saziaro da sadac bizantias veZebdi, iq vipove saqarTvelo. RmerTma icis, aseT rames verc ki warmovidgendi, rom ar menaxa. namdvilad, sadac ucxo vigule, iq aRmoCnda Cemeburi. TavisTavad es xom sagulisxmoa da aris kidev erTi ram Zalian arsebiTi: gumbaTis yeli aq burjebs emyareba da burjis kapiteli pirdapir gumbaTqveSa TaRis qveS aris maSin, roca bizantiur arqiteqturaSi ase araa. iq burjis an svetis kapiteli qvemoT aris, Semdeg kedelia da Semdeg ukve gumbaTi Cndeba. ai, es _ pirdapir burjebze dadgmuli gumbaTi _ iq

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Zalian iSviaTia, ar aris cnobili. Cvens arqiteqturaSi erTaderTi gamonaklisi arsebobs _ qsnis armazis eklesia, sadac, rogorc Cans, iTamaSa ostatma da ar vici, sad hqonda nanaxi, magram raRac ucxo yaidaze gaakeTa, etyoba, Tavi moiwona, amnairic vici, Tqven rom ar gagigiaT, me amisTanas gagikeTebTo. CvenTan es yvelgan aris. ase iyo bzifSi, magram, radgan bzifi dangreulia, ase TvalsaCino ar aris da lixneSi, romelic dgas, es maSinve TvalSi gxvdeba. lixnesTan aris dakavSirebuli kidev erTi saintereso ambavi. lixnis ukanaskneli safuZvliani restavracia XIV saukuneSi Catarda. Zalian cotaa Cvens qveyanaSi aseTi magaliTi, rodesac mere gadakeTeba aRar momxdara. maSin Seucvales karnizi, am srulebiT qvis eklesias aguris karnizi gaukeTes da moxates. ai, momxatveli SeiZleba saberZneTidan iyos mosuli, yovel SemTxvevaSi, esTetikiT is iqauri aris da, walenjixis mxatvrobisa ar iyos, verc amas ganvixilavT qarTul mxatvrobad. Tumca es, ra Tqma unda, qarTuli kulturis faqtia. qarTvelma damkveTma rom aseTi mxatvroba moindoma, esec raRacas ambobs. moTxovnileba rom ar yofiliyo, risTvis moiyvanda Soridan, sxva Tu araferi, es xom gacilebiT Zviri daujda? Tuki araferi daiSura, e.i. raRac undoda, raRac _ sxva. SesaZloa, mas raime ar akmayofilebda imdroindel qarTul mxatvrobaSi, romelic, mogexsenebaT, bolomde paleologosuri verafriT gaxda. Cvens ostatebs ar SeeZloT, bolomde imdagvarebi yofiliyvnen, rogorebic maTi berZeni Tanamosaqmeni iyvnen. SeiZleba, am damkveTs mounda aseTi _ sul mTlad axali yaidis. iqneb isic imdroindeli progresisti iyo, ifiqra, axalia da rad minda es Tqveni Zvelmanebio da berZens dauZaxa. SeiZleba, vinme gagzavna da ostats SeuTvala, imisTanas damixatav, rogorsac isini akeTeben, Torem ar damenaxo TvaliTo, imanac iswavla da dauxata. amis Semdeg, rogorc Cans, iq icvleboda mxolod saxuravi da meti araferi. ai, ase dgas XIV saukunidan. Tumca erTi ram daekarga da es aris Zalian saintereso detali, romelic afxazur lixnis taZarsa da moqvis taZars amjerad ukve saziaro

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aqvs wirqolTan. es aris patronikes kibe, romelic CrdiloeT kedelze modgmulia garedan. ratom akeTebdnen amas, ar vici, magram ramdenime SemTxvevaa, rodesac es asea _ ratomRac garedan adian. Tanac wirqolis eklesias ara aqvs narTeqsi, ara aqvs winkari, ara aqvs talani da imaT _ aqvT. ratom ar akeTeben Sida kibes, ar vici. ezodan siaruli miT ufro ucnauria, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi wvima icis da ratom uxarodaT sakmaod grZel kibeze siaruli, ver getyviT. faqti arsebobs da, aki vambob, analogi mas qarTlSi aqvs. ar mgonia, maT Soris uSualo kavSiri iyos, ubralod, sainteresoa, rom aseTi damTxveva aris. arc is mgonia, rom amas JamiswirvasTan hqondes kavSiri, magram SesaZloa, es dakavSirebuli iyos cxovrebis raime rigTan, raimes CatarebasTan. ar vici, es momavalma unda aCvenos. da, bolos, Cven gvaqvs didi taZari _ ori didi taZari. erTi maTgani zustad TariRdeba. erTaderTi taZari afxazeTSi, romelsac misdauneburad (misdauneburad imitom, rom warwera ar Semogvinaxa) aqvs zusti TariRi, gaxlavT moqvis kaTedrali da afxazTa mefeebis matiane masze ambobs, rom is aaSena leon kaxTa mefem. es cnoba Semdeg Semovida qarTul matianeSic, xolo leon kaxTa mefe, Tavisda Wirad da Cvenda bedad, mefobda sul 10 weli _ 957 wlidan 967 wlamde. ai, am SualedSi unda aSenebuliyo. ar mgonia, rogorc ki gvirgvini daidga, imwamsve gaqceuliyo da taZris mSenebloba daewyo. albaT oriode wlis Semdeg, sadRac 960 wlis axlos, daiwyeboda mSenebloba da 6-7 weliwadSi SeiZleba aSenda kidec. es, samwuxarod, Zalian Selaxuli taZaria. is mitovebuli iyo da, rogorc dasavleT saqarTveloSi xdeba xolme, mieZala xviara mcenareebi. me eWvi maqvs, rom XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi is saerTodac ise gamoiyureboda, rogorc didi buCqi da, sazogadod, ar Canda. yovel SemTxvevaSi, roca ukve XX saukuneSi iq restavracia Catarda, aRmoCnda, rom Sida perangis, interieris perangis, qvebs Soris mcenareebis Zirebia da es mcenareebi ukve SigniTac iyo Sesuli. SegiZliaT, warmoidginoT, ras uzamda gare mopirkeTebas

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es mcenareuloba, Tan am wvimian, notio havaSi. rogorc Cans, es gareTa qvebi mTlianad daSlili iyo. rodesac afxazeTis ukanasknelma mTavarma, mixeil ServaSiZem, am taZris SekeTeba moindoma (da axla iq ganisveneben kidec TviTon da misi meuRle), man berZen ostatebs dauZaxa da perangi mTlianad gamocvales. Zalian ecadnen _ gumbaTis sarkmlebs TavsarTebi gaukeTes, qveda tanze gaakeTes profilebi, magram uyureb da mkvdari, usicocxlo, raRacnairad unugeSo zedapiria. erTi rom, ar gakeTda da ar aRdga didi TaRovani karibWeebi da dRes rom uyureb, es aris grZeli, usicocxlo fasadi, bevri sarkmliT, maSin ki es ase ver iqneboda imitom, rom fasadebi karibWeebiT iyofoda da srulebiT sxvagvari ritmi iyo, gana iseTi, rogoric dRes aris. es ukve Zalian arsebiTia. amas garda, rogori iyo qvis Tla _ Tu warmoidgenT lixnis qvebs moqvis kedlebze, uceb mixvdebiT, rom TiTqos gansxvaveba ar aris, magram sul sxvaa _ sul sxva ritmi aqvs im wyobas, sul sxva saxe. albaT es profilebic odnav ufro Rrma iyo, reliefuri da esec ukve sul Secvlida kedlis xasiaTs. asea Tu ise, gareTa saxe am taZrisa, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom daRupulia. Cven SegviZlia dRes es bWeebi avaSenoT da, am mxriv, vTqvaT, ritmika aRvudginoT, magram danarCens ras vuzamT? Tan Zveli qvebic ar aris darCenili, srulebiT araferia, rom romelime elementi aRadgino, raRac daubruno. samagierod, TiTqmis mTlianad aris gadarCenili interieri. sxvaTa Soris, aris eWvi, rom gumbaTic Secvlilia, magram aris aRdgenamdeli anazomi da, Tu Secvlilia, zustad ise gaakeTes _ zustad imdeni sarkmliT, iseTive proporciebiT _ rogorc iyo. is srulebiT ar aris gamocvlili. SigniT gadakeTda mxolod Semosasvleli _ iq adre narTeqsi iyo da rom SexvidodiT, Tqven win iyo sammagi mali _ ori sveti da gadayvanili sami TaRi. dRes iq erTiani TaRia da TiTqos pirdapir SedixarT mTavar sivrceSi. sinamdvileSi, es ase ar iyo, am mxriv, es darRveulia. me mgoni, kidevac vTqvi, rom aseve dairRva bagratis taZarSi dasavleTi mklavi da aseve aris Secvlili sveticxovlis dasavleTi mklavi. iqac ase iyo, iqac

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sammagi Sesasvleli hqonda da Cven, faqtobrivad, narTeqsi gvgonia Sida sivrcis nawili, rac ase ar aris. piradad me, mgonia, rom unda aRdges es, Tundac miniSnebiT, magram rame unda gakeTdes, rom gaimijnos talanis sivrce da sakuTriv taZris sivrce, rogorc es Tavidan iyo mofiqrebuli. Tumca am pirobebSic ki, moqvs aqvs srulebiT araCveulebrivi sivrce _ warmoudgenlad moZravi, monumenturi, araCveulebrivad STambeWdavi. ver vityviT, rom qarTul arqiteqturas zemoqmedebis mqone interierebi ar hqondes, magram es erT-erTi saukeTesoTagania, namdvilad. garda amisa, taZars CrdiloeTidan da samxreTidan garSemouyveba samlocveloebis mwkrivi da maT Tavze aris patronikeebi, romlebic ixsneba taZarSi. Zalian rTuli gegma gamodis. Zalian undaT, rom es gegma bizantiur arqiteqturasTan daakavSiron. SeiZleba, marTlac naxa aseTi derefnebi, romlebic Semovlebulia taZarze, magram, sxva mxriv, aq cnobili iyo patronikes motivic, sameklesiiani bazilikac, yvela danarCeni elementic adgilobrivia da ra aucilebeli iyo? an ki, an ara! rogorc giorgi CubinaSvili ambobs erTgan, es formebi ukve imdenad CarTulia qarTuli arqiteqturis logikaSi, rom maTi warmomavlobis sakiTxs yovelgvari aqtualoba ekargeba. aqac asevea. SeiZleba, romeliRac genetikuri xaziT es, vTqvaT, aia sofias patronikesTan midis, magram ukve imdenma wyalma Caiara, Tanac sammxrivi patronikes motivi Tavad samxreT kavkasiisa da swored saqarTvelos arqiteqturaSi imdenad fexmokidebuli da cnobilia, rom, ubralod, arc aris saWiro, is warmoidgino. Tumca ar gamovricxav, rom naxa. ratomac ara! aseve albaT Tavisic naxa, marto iq xom ar wavidoda?! Tavis qveyanaSic daaTvalierebda, maSin bevrs dadiodnen ostatebi da es cnobilia. rasac SeZlebdnen, ecnobodnen, magram mainc axlodan iwyebdnen da Sors mere midodnen, xom asea? logika, me mgoni, aseTia. Tanac sivrces, Tavisi xasiaTiT, absoluturad araferi aqvs saerTo bizantiur arqiteqturasTan, Tundac isev da isev gamoxatuli, gamokveTili sigrZivobis gamo. iq saocari ram aris _ rom SedixarT, sivrce Tqven wargitacebT

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erTdroulad aRmosavleTisken sigrZivad da zeviT gumbaTisken. yovelTvis amas vambob imitom, rom sunTqva Semekra, iq rom Sevedi. gumbaTis ZirSi Zalian Sverili karnizia gadmosuli. sruliad fizikuri gancda mqonda, rom oTx burjs Soris raRac apkiviT ikvreboda, mere raRac Zala dasavleTidan daiZra, aRmosavleTiT gaiWra da misi naxevri ki zeviT wavida, gaarRvia es Sesakravad gamzadebuli Tavi da Semdeg amoibuSta im gumbaTad. srulebiT gasaocari sivrcea, araCveulebrivi. dRes yvelaferi politizebulia, amitomac saqarTveloSi dabadebuli da namuSevari nikoloz severovis wignSi moskovelma redaqtorma, cxadia, mis daukiTxavad, sworeba Seitana da dawera, rom moqvis taZari aSenebuli aris kievis wm. sofias taZris mixedviT, romelic 100 wlis Semdeg aigo. aqamde aris yvelaferi dayvanili, samwuxarod, sruliad gaugebar politikur angariSebamde. me gana imas vambob, rom kievis wm. sofias taZari aSenda moqvis mixedviT, sul ar mgonia ase. is sul sxva arqiteqturaa, imas Tavisi gza aqvs da amasTan saerTo araferi gaaCnia, magram ase aris CarTuli raRac gaugebari mosazrebebi da amiT, me Tu mkiTxavT, yvela wagebulia, radgan, movlenebis gamorkvevis magivrad, Cven maT uaresad varTulebT, uaresad vxlarTavT. istoria isedac sakmarisad rTulia, risTvisaa saWiroa kidev raRacis gamogoneba, rom sul veRaraferi gaigon da gza-kvali veRar gaignon? rodis damTavrdeba es, me ar vici. arada, swored afxazeTis xuroTmoZRvrebasTan mimarTebaSi, samwuxarod, viTareba dResac aseTia. kidev gvaqvs sxva Zalian ucnauri taZari, romelsac, rodesac Sexedav, ifiqreb, vai, deda, es albaT bizantiuriao da es aris biWvinTis kaTedrali. pirvel yovlisa, es imitom aris ase, rom is namdvilad bizantiuri wyobiTaa aSenebuli _ aris xolme aseTi zolebiani wyoba qva-aguris monacvleobiT (da leibsa hgavs, ra Tqma unda, qarTvelis ganebivrebuli TvaliT, Torem ise lamazia Taviseburad). gumbaTic raRacnairi mrgvali aqvs, Tumca irkveva, rom gumbaTi, romelic dRes mrgvlad aris gadaxuruli _ pirdapir sferos misdevs saxuravi _ Turme XIX saukunis rusi berebis xelobaa da iq Cveulebrivi, samxreT

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kavkasiaSi miRebuli konusuri gadaxurva iyo. Turme fasadebi aqac iseTi ki ar iyo, rogoric dResaa _ grZeli, carieli kedlebi _ aramed iyo didi karibWeebi, romlebic aRar aris. xvdebiT, rom Tavdapirveli saxiT sul sxva arqiteqturaa. Sig rom Sexval, araferi amis magvari iq ar aris _ sul sxvanairi sivrcea da, yvelafris damboloeblad, rom axedav gumbaTs, ai, ras xedav _ mis ZirSi aris didi afrebi da Sig Cadgmulia trompebi, rogorc samxreT saqarTveloSi. ki, batono, adamianebi, romlebic aSenebdnen biWvinTis taZars, kargad icnobdnen bizantiur samSeneblo xelobas. diax, icnobdnen da SeiZleba, maTSi berZenic urevia. me, magaliTad, eWvi maqvs, rom safasado samkauli am ostatebisaTvis kargad ver iyo gamorkveuli imitom, rom maT gaakeTes mTavar, sakurTxevlis, afsidze ori jvari, romlebic sarkmlis aqeT-iqiT mis Sua welze iwyeba da qvemoT Cadis. kavkasiuri arqiteqturis TvalsazrisiT, es srulebiT gaugebaria. barakonis eklesiaSia kidev XVIII saukuneSi jvrebi ratomRac lamis cokolTan, magram saerTod es ase ar aris. sul iseTi STabeWdileba maqvs, rom uTxres, jvari gamosaxeo da sadac xeli mouxvda, iq gaakeTa, ar icoda, ra unda gaekeTebina. SeiZleba, viRacas, vinc aq monawileobs, am amqarSi, qarTuli arqiteqtura mTlad kargad gamjdari arc hqondes, magram, ai, vinc im gumbaTs aSenebs, iman es namdvilad icis. iqauri ar icis, aqauri icis. sivrces vinc awyobs, aqauri imanac icis. patronikec ise aris mowyobili, rogorc Cveni _ iqac sammxrivi patronikea da ufro Cveneburi, vidre iqauri. minda, kidev erTxel xazgasmiT vTqva: Cven sul ar uarvyofT. xom xedavT, rom ar uarvyofT, Tuki iq mosesxebuli da Semotanilia? ratom unda uarvyoT, risi unda gveSinodes? movida, vTqvaT, Sah-ismaeli da aaSena misgiTi. idga TbilisSi. rom dagvexuWa Tvalebi da gveTqva, is iq ar dgaso, amiT saqarTvelos istoria Seicvleboda? ratom aris gasakviri, rom mezobeli qveynidan rame Semovides? ra aris gasakviri imaSi, rom viRac adgilobriv xelisufals moewona raRac mezoblisa, dauZaxa iqaur ostats da aaSenebina, rogorc rostom mefem aaSenebina wiTeli xidi. xom iciT, gatexili xidi rom aris?

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ra Tqma unda, is Tavisi tipologiiT sparsuli aRmSeneblobaa. es sparsuli xidia. albaT adgilobrivi xuroebi iyvnen, ar mgonia, amdeni xalxi saidanme moeyvanaT, magram ise, rogorc arqiteqturuli tipi, ra Tqma unda, iqauria _ qarTuli xidebi aseTi ar aris, isini sxvanairia. Cven es ar unda vaRiaroT da unda davmaloT? ratom, ra gvWirs dasamali? Cveni sakuTari savsebiT sakmarisi gvaqvs. saerTod, es panikuri SiSi, vaida rame xom ar Semogvepara, srulebiT uadgiloa. Tu rame Semovida, es unda aRviqvaT, gavaanalizoT da SevafasoT _ mouxda da gamoadga Cvens qveyanas es nasesxoba Tu ar gamoadga. amerikuli da inglisuri avtomobilebiT yvela kargad dagoravs da ratomRac teqnika Tu saidanRac Semovida, Turme qveynis daqcevaa. me ar mesmis aseTi logika da Zalian mecineba xolme, rodesac iwyeba laparaki Tundac WeSmarit marTlmadideblobaze, rogor ar unda gavikaroT araferi saidanRac Semosuli, rom es forma Turme kaTolikuria da is konstruqcia _ protestantuli. sul minda vikiTxo, SeerTebul StatebSi protestantis gakeTebul kompiuters rom usxedxarT da ebraelis gakeTebuli programiT sazrdoobT, es rogoria? es Tqvens sulze ar moqmedebs, dRe da Rame imas rom misCerebixarT? 24 saaTs asworebT iq xan weriT da xan kiTxviT da es rogoria? ratomRac ar mjera, yovelive es konstantinopolSi iyos Seqmnili VII krebis mamebis dakveTiT, me mgoni, sxva istoria aqvs. ar SeiZleba doneebis, movlenebisa da amqveyanad saerTod yvelafris ase areva. bolos da bolos, unda gavigoT, rom qveyniereba aris cota ufro rTuli, vidre Cveni tvini, iq aris bevri sxvadasxva ram da yoveli istoriuli wamic Sedgeba bevri sxvadasxva Zalisagan, faqtorisagan, zemoqmedebisagan, romlebic ikveTeba da Sen am gadakveTaSi sworad unda ipovo Seni adgili, Torem Senze rom raRac imoqmedebs, es srulebiT cxadia. srulebiT warmoudgeneli is iqneboda, rom sxvagvarad iyos. romc gamorTo Sens saxlSi yvelaferi, mezobeli saxlidan mova rimeliRac eleqtromagnituri talRa, gamosxivebuli raRac avstraliuri xelsawyos mier, dagetakeba da sad waxval?

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Cven, yovel SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli xelovnebis istorikosebs, yovelTvis gvegona, rom qarTuli kultura sakmarisad Ronieria imisaTvis, rom Seirgos yvelaferi, rac mas dasWirdeba da ukuagdos, rac mas ar sWirdeba. aqamde es ase iyo da namdvilad ase iyo IX da X saukuneebis afxazeTSic.

Zalian mniSvnelovani nageboba iyo bediis kaTedrali, romelic, samwuxarod, aRar arsebobs. is Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo imitom, rom viciT misi aSenebis dro da, garda moqvisa, kidev erTi dasayrdeni gveqneboda, rac yovelTvis sasiamovnoa. samagierod, Cven miaxloebiT viciT misi gegma. rogorc Cans, gegmiT is afxazeTis sxva taZrebs hgavda. es Cawerili jvris tipis eklesia unda iyos, aRmosavleTiT sami Sverili afsidiT, aseTia es taZrebi. Cven ar viciT, rogori iyo is, rac am afxazur gegmaze idga. samagierod, SemorCenilia misi ramdenime mosarTavi, qvaze kveTili CuqurTma, umaRlesi xarisxis, saukeTeso maT Soris, rac ki saerTod qvaze kveTilobas SeiZleba hqondes _ ori ulamazesi timpani. Cvens am mxrivac arcTu maincdamainc Rarib xurTmoZRvrebaSi bevrs aseTs Znelad Tu naxav. an ostatebi moiyvanes da gaakeTebines, an isev viRac aqedan gagzavnes, man ki iswavla da Camoitana _ rogor iyo, ar vici, magram srulebiT araCveulebrivi da srulebiT samxreTqarTulia. amgvarad, gamodis, rom es arqiteqtura iyo erTgvari hibridi _ TiTqos erTmaneTs daemyno dasavleTqarTuli tani da samxreTqarTuli mosarTavebi. dRes es ase gamoiyureba. me mainc imedi maqvs, rom Tavis droze, roca idga, es taZari arc aseTi meqanikuri iqneboda da arc komikuri, Tumca dRes amis warmodgena Zalian gviWirs. rodesac Tundac quTaisis e.w. bagratis taZars vuyurebT, ukve cxadi xdeba (Tumca samuSao kidev bevria), rom iqac aseTi ram moxda _ dasavleT- da samxreTqarTuli tradiciebi iqac ikveTeba da warmoiqmneba nageboba, romelsac namdvilad ar eTqmis araorganuli, arabunebrivi, meqanikuri. mgonia, rom am arqiteqturisaTvis es srulebiT Seuferebelia. arada, iqac aseTi, TiTqosda damoukidebelad arsebuli, sawyisebi xvdeba erTmaneTs. es Zalian mniSvnelovani aris imitom, rom Cven

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vxedavT, rogor amdidrebs erTmaneTs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis arqiteqtura. mgoni, kidevac vTqvi, rom amgvari saerTo qarTuli forma XI saukunis dasawyisSi iqmneba da es swored samxreTqarTuli repertuaris wyalobiTa da gamoyenebiT xdeba. pirveli magaliTi amisa, rogorc Cans, iyo bedia. samwuxarod, is xelidan gamogvecala. unda giTxraT, rom srulebiT gaugebaria, ram daangria es taZari. mxolod calkeuli qvebia darCenili, taZari ki ar aris. Tu ra moxda, sad gaqra, gaugebaria, Tumca ukve sxvam ifiqros da sxvam eZios, CvenTvis ki ufro mniSvnelovani es aris: Cven aq vxedavdiT ori tradiciis erTgvar Sejvarebas da, rac kidev ufro sainteresoa, albaT gadasvlasac wmindad specifikur-adgilobrivi skolis Cvevebidan momaval saerToqarTulze. amis saSualebas Cven moklebulni varT. samagierod, SegviZlia dabejiTebiT vTqvaT, rom afxazeTis skola, rogorc mxatvruli movlena, qarTuli arqiteqturis skolaa. unda es vinmes Tu ar unda, moswons Tu ar moswons, xels aZlevs es mis politikur angariSs Tu ar aZlevs _ es obieqturad asea. didi xania ukve (SeiZleba miTqvams kidec saubarisas), CemTvis aseTi xerxi gamovigone _ vambob, rom es arqiteqtura qarTulad laparakobs. Tumca xom SeiZleba, vinme damtvreuli qarTuliT an aqcentiT laparakobdes? sxva mxriv, SeiZleba, Tqven ilaparakoT sxvaTa enaze qarTuli aqcentiT. magaliTad, saukeTeso qarTveli morusuleebi, ZiriTadad, laparakobdnen gaurkveveli aqcentiT, romelic peterburguli namdvilad ar iyo. Zalian cota vinme Tu axerxebda, uaqcentod elaparaka. sxvaTa Soris, me TviTon uaqcentod vlaparakobdi, oRond rusebsac ar esmodaT, es ra aris imitom, rom gamoTqma imaTeburi mainc iyo. xom dagileviaT ugemuri wyali, sufTa, uminarevo, imdagvari gamodioda da mgoni, qarTuladac ise vlaparakob, arc erT kuTxes da arc Tbiliss rom ar sCvevia. saidan aris aseTi qarTuli, TviTonac ar vici. afxazeTis arqiteqtura qarTulad laparakobs berZnuli aqcentiT, Semoepara, rogorc dasavleTis qarTul onomastikons. nuTu arasodes SegidarebiaT kldiaSvilisa da Tundac ilia WavWavaZis personaJebis

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saxelebi. erTgan gauTavebelad arabuli da sparsuli saxelebia _ qaixosroebi da abdulyafarebi, meoregan ki warmoudgenlad berZnuli _ evpraqsia da misTanani _ iseTebi, TviTon berZnebsac rom aRar axsovT. es gasagebicaaa, axlos iyo erTgan _ is, meoregan _ es, sul es aris. aseTive ambavia iqac _ rogorc onomastikonSi aris berZnuli danaleqi, berZnuli kvali, aqcenti, aseve aris am arqiteqturaSic. is aris qarTuli, oRond berZnuli SenarevebiT laparakobs. kidev minda davadasturo, rom es aris arqiteqturul-istoriuli monacemi da arafers ambobs imaze, am eklesiis amSenebeli ra tomisa an warmomavlobis iyo. mravalTagan gansxvavebiT, ver gavbedav da ver vityvi, rom vici, sad cxovrobda egri da imeri. vici mxolod is, rom visac ginda ecxovra am miwa-wyalze, ekuTvnoda qarTul kulturas, radgan am kuTxeSi yvelaferi amas ambobs. iq araferia iseTi, rac araa qarTuli kulturis nawili. vinmes rom ar ewyinos, kidev vambob _ es ar niSnavs, rom me ver vamCnev, riT gansxvavdeba afxazuri da megruli saxlebi an imas, rom afxazuri da megruli simRera sxvadasxvaa, magram maT Soris iseTive sxvaobaa, rogoric megrulsa da guruls Soris da ara iseTi, rogoric, vTqvaT, gurulsa da Turquls Soris. laparakia imaze, rom es aris erTi kulturuli ojaxi. adamianebi, romlebic arc ki vici, CrdiloeT kavkasiidan romel saukuneSi Camovidnen, am TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli kulturis TanaSemoqmedni aRmoCndnen. genialuri gansazRvreba upovia simon janaSias, romelic wers: `tomiT afxazi, erovnebiT qarTveli“. ai, es aris simarTle _ tomiT SeiZleba afxazia, CrdiloeTkavkasiuri warmomavlobisaa, magram kulturuli kuTvnilebiT is, rac aqamde afxazeTi iyo, aris qarTuli samyaros nawili, am samyaros erT-erTi Semqmneli. afxazuri elementi _ es adgili da is xalxic, romelic CrdiloeT kavkasiidanaa, radgan mwams, rom viRac mTaze cxovrobda _ monawileobda qarTuli saxelmwifos SeqmnaSi da amaSi saTakilo erTi an meore mxarisaTvis araferi aris. afxazma nacionalistebma, e.w. nacionalistebma, daitoves istoria mxo-

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lod da mxolod XIX saukunis bolodan, danarCeni istoria sakuTari xeliT moikveTes. arc ki mesmis, rogor SeiZleba, aseTi boroteba Caidino da sakuTar Tavs aseTi ubedureba damarTo. rogorc ki moaSoreb qarTul samyaros, saerTod araferi rCeba, radgan es xalxi am samyaroSi cxovrobda, Zalian didi xnis ganmavlobaSi am samyaros beds iziarebda da ara sxvisas. cxadia, iyo xolme kuTxeebs Soris Sexla-Semoxla da es samwuxaro faqtia, Tumca levan dadiani imerels rom eomeboda, ase ServaSiZesTan arasdros uomia. rac man quTaiss damarTa, aseTi ram afxazeTSi ar Caudenia. maS, ra gamodis, imersa da megrs erTmaneTTan kavSiri ar aqvs, ori sxvadasxva xalxia da axla ase vilaparakoT? Zalian damaxasiaTebelia, rom afxazeTis, swored afxazuri eTnografiuli vinaobis, SenarCunebis mosurneni XIX saukunis miwurulsa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi pirdapir ase ayalibeben: afxazebis gadarCena SesaZlebelia mxolod qarTul ojaxSi! aseT xedvas adasturebs iq SemorCenili arqiteqturuli nawarmoebebi. kvlav da kvlav amis gameoreba am sakiTxSi erTaderTi SesaZlo qarTuli politikaa. afxazeTidan saqarTvelos amogleja daaxloebiT imave tipis movlenaa, rogoric iqneboda britanuli Tanamegobrobidan misive Semqmneli inglisis amoReba da imis mtkiceba, rom britanuli Tanamegobroba erTia da inglisi sxvaa. kidev erTxel SegaxsenebT, rom qarTvel mefeTa titulaturaSi `mefe afxazTa~ uwinares yovlisa ewera, rac niSnavs _ es misi titulaturis amosavalia, es aris am mefobis sawyisi. maS, rogor, qarTuli saxelmwifo arsebobda da damonebuli hyavda TavSi? nuTu gjeraT aseTi istoriis? amaze unda vlaparakobdeT, amaze unda idges yvelaferi, rac samomavlod aris gasakeTebeli. amaze unda vmdgariyaviT Cven 1988-89 wlebSic, magram, samwuxarod, davadeqiT srulebiT sxva gzas gauTavebeli rkvevisa, Tu vin romel wuTas romel quCaze gadasaxlda. mere gairkveoda, rom romeliRac ori megruli ojaxi 1935 wels gadmosaxlda, viRac ki ufro gvian Casaxlda. ase misxal-misxal varkvioT vin rodis saidan movida da sad wavida? ras mogvitans es?

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ZiriTadi sinamdvile amgvaria: yvela, vinc am miwaze binadrobda, Tugind marselebi yofiliyvnen, qarTul kulturasTan erTad cxovrobda da mis SeqmnaSi monawileobda. mTavari swored es aris _ Cven erTad vqmnidiT am qveyanas. es aris faqti. Tu vinmes ar moswons, misi saqmea, magram maSin Tqvan, rom maTi istoria 1921 wlidan iwyeba da Tqvan isic, rom maT daiviwyes warsuli. daanebon Tavi im warsuls, romelic iyo aseTi da, Tu dascaldebaT, aSenon istoria nulidan. magram merwmuneT _ rodesac is istoria gauqrebaT, is ki ukve xelidan eclebaT, Tu ase gaagrZeles, sul cota xanSi bevri sxva ramec moxdeba. guSin movismine, rom erT-erTi afxazi Jurnalisti ambobda, Cveni sazogadoeba enaze wuxso. rom gadarusdnen, adre ratom ar wuxda? rusulad laparakobdnen da ambobdnen _ gvaqarTvelebeno. vis gaugia, rom gaqarTvelebisas rusulad aalaparako adamiani? gana SeiZleba, aseTi ram xdebodes, ra logikaa aseTi? riT ver mixvdnen, visgan da risTvis iyo amgvari moqmedeba? ratom aviwydebodaT Tavisi ena da ratom axsovdaT maincdamainc rusuli da ara qarTuli? qarTulad rom loculobdnen, sakuTari ena daviwyebuli ar hqondaT, gaixsenon _ maSin daaviwydaT, roca rusulad atiktikdnen. istoria aseTia! kidev vambob, visac ar moswons, daiwyos nulidan da Tqvas, rom 2001 wlis 1 ianvridan an 1993 wlis 28 seqtembridan amgvar istorias iwyeneben, is ki ise ganixilon, rogorc undaT, magram manamdeli istoria iyo sxva da es istoria aRbeWdilia yvelafriT: taZrebiT, romlebzec visaubreT da dResac rom mzaddeba, Tundac im kerZebiT. isini saziaroa qarTul samyarosTan da ara CrdilokavkasiurTan, sadac es samzareulo verc iqneboda, radgan iq srulebiT sxva cxovrebaa. aseTi gaxlavT qvis matianis mowmoba, romelsac ver gaayalbeb. SeiZleba, waSalo sityvebi, magram romc daangrio taZrebi, darCeba ori qva da, sul erTia, amasve ityvis.

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