Notes CHAPTER 1 Background to a Flashpoint
hereafter Palmer, On Course; Michael A. Palmer, Guardians of the Gulf (New York: Free Press, 1992), hereafter Palmer, Guardians; Jay E. Hines, “Confronting Continuing Challenges: A Brief History of U.S. Central Command,” paper presented to the 2d International Conference of Saint Leo College’s Center for Inter-American Studies, March 1997, hereafter Hines, “Challenges.” 20. Benson and Hines, Since World War II, pp. 1–2; Palmer, On Course, pp. 19–40, 61–65. 21. Palmer, On Course, pp. 66–80. 22. Benson and Hines, Since World War II, pp. 19– 21. 23. Palmer, On Course, pp. 75–88. 24. Ibid., pp. 76–79. 25. Ibid., pp. 80–81; Bruce R. Nardulli, “Dance of Swords: U.S. Military Assistance to Saudi Arabia, 1942–1964” (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 2002), hereafter Nardulli, “Dance of Swords.” 26. Palmer, On Course, pp. 89–100. 27. Ibid., p. 108. 28. Ibid., pp. 101–105; Dr. E. Asa Bates, “The Rapid Deployment Force—Fact or Fiction,” RUSI Journal, Jun81, pp. 23–33; Gen P. X. Kelley, “Progress in the RDJTF,” Marine Corps Gazette, Jun81, pp. 38–44; John Clementson, “Mission Imperative: The Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force,” Armed Forces, Jul83, pp. 260–265, and Aug83, pp. 304–308. 29. Gen Robert H. Barrow intvw with BGen Edwin H. Simmons, 17Dec91 (MCHC, Quantico, VA), hereafter Barrow intvw; Allan R. Millett and Jack Shulimson, Commandants of the Marine Corps (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2004), pp. 451–455, hereafter Millett and Shulimson, Commandants; Allan R. Millett, Semper Fidelis: The History of the United States Marine Corps (New York: The Free Press, 1991), pp. 607–635. 30. Barrow intvw; Millett and Shulimson, Commandants, pp. 451–455. 31. P. X. Kelley, A Discussion of the Rapid Deployment Force (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1980), pp. 3–4, hereafter Kelley, Rapid; Palmer, Guardians, p. 114. 32. Palmer, On Course, pp. 105–106; Kelley, Rapid, p. 6. 33. Benson and Hines, Since World War II, pp. 39– 43; Jay E. Hines, “From Desert One to Southern Watch: The Evolution of U.S. Central Command,”
1. This section is based on material from Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2002), hereafter Hourani, Arab Peoples; John L. Esposito, ed., The Oxford History of Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), hereafter Esposito, History of Islam; Helen C. Metz, ed., Iraq: A Country Study (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1990); Phebe Marr, The Modern History of Iraq, 2d ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004), hereafter Marr, History of Iraq. 2. Hourani, Arab Peoples, p. 19. 3. Esposito, History of Islam, p. 12. 4. Ibid., pp. 14–18; Hourani, Arab Peoples, pp. 36– 40. 5. Esposito, History of Islam, pp. 24–61; Hourani, Arab Peoples, pp. 32–59, 83–85. 6. This section is based on material from Marr, History of Iraq, pp. 21–60. 7. Ibid., pp. 53–60. 8. Ibid., pp. 61–176. 9. Ibid., p. 92. 10. Ibid., pp. 107–110. 11. Ibid., pp. 113–130. 12. Ibid., pp. 131–134. 13. Ibid., pp. 134–176. 14. Ibid., pp. 178–180. 15. Ibid., pp. 152–158. 16. Hourani, Arab Peoples, pp. 253, 280–281, 408– 458; Helen C. Metz, ed., Persian Gulf States: A Country Study (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1994), hereafter Metz, Persian Gulf States; Richard Schofield, Kuwait and Iraq: Historical Claims and Territorial Disputes (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1994). 17. Marr, History of Iraq, pp. 110–111; Metz, Persian Gulf States. 18. Metz, Persian Gulf States. 19. This section is based on material from Lawrence R. Benson and Jay E. Hines, The United States Military in North Africa and Southwest Asia Since World War II (MacDill Air Force Base, FL: United States Central Command, History Office, 1988), p. 1, hereafter Benson and Hines, Since World War II; Michael A. Palmer, On Course to Desert Storm: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf (Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, 1992), pp. 3–18,
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