Figure 39: Frequency distributions histograms of the cross-track error in following distance and accuracy tests: (a) following accuracy, (b)lane changing, (c) roundabout operation, (e) minimum turn radius, (f) U-turn [86] A 2020 study evaluated the performance of the LT and FT in different scenarios regarding car-following distance, critical lane-changing gap distance, and intersection clearance time. For car-following distance results indicated a minimum of 75 ft for a LT and 30 ft for a FT. In terms of a lane-changing gap distance, the system needs a minimum time headway of 20 seconds for a 100 ft distance between LT and Ft to perform a safe lane change. If the distance is 62