The adoption of environmental strategies in large Colombian businesses

Literature review and theoretical model

Finally, the green systems design strategy seeks to capture economic value by fulfilling societal needs through the development of green or social product-service systems and the development of capabilities in collaborative networks, within a win-win relationship between society and the business (Boons, 2009; Porter & Kramer, 2011). In this type of strategy, environmental issues are assumed as an opportunity to generate social benefits and firms deploy resources through their customer, supplier, competitor and stakeholder networks to create new markets. This type of strategy constitutes a means to overcome the technology bias of traditional processes and product innovation approaches and move towards system-level innovations that are integral to collaborative networks (Tukker, 2015) to achieve industrial symbiosis and circular economies, within a win-win relationship between society and the business (Boons, 2009; Porter & Kramer, 2011). . The interest in the adoption of environmental strategies (i.e. green processes, green product development or green system design projects) relies on understanding why some firms address environmental issues through the development of practices and innovations in addition to those required by law in an emerging economy. Table 2. Typology of environmental strategies used in this research. Environmental Strategy Compliance

Characteristics * Environmental strategies are performed to fulfill the law. * Environmental issues are assumed as an economic burden. * There is gradual involvement of top management in environmental issues. * Environmental issues are only dealt with when necessary.

Examples End of pipe technologies, pollution control, impact mitigation, material substitution restricted by law, lobbying activities and environmental litigation.

The adoption of environmental strategies in large Colombian businesses

Articles inside

Table 40. Factors for the adoption of environmental strategies

Table 39. ESA and ESA Factors across cases

Table 38. Main ESA factors observed in the case studies

Figure 15. ESA and the ESA factors at the Dairy Company

Table 37. Main environmental strategies observed in the case studies

Table 35. Business model – Dairy Company

Figure 14. ESA and the ESA factors at the Cosmetic Company

Table 36. Manager´s Perspective – Dairy Company

Table 33. ESA –Dairy Company

Table 34. Business Context – Dairy Company

Table 32. Manager´s perspective – Cosmetic Company

Table 30. Business Context – Cosmetic Company

Table 31. Business model – Cosmetic Company

Table 29. ESA – Cosmetic Company

Table 23. Business Model – Oil & Gas Company

Table 25. ESA – Agri-business

Table 27. Business Model – Agri-business

Table 26. Business Context – Agri-business

Table 22. Business Context – Oil & Gas Company

Figure 11. ESA and the ESA factors at the Utility Company

Table 21. ESA – Oil & Gas Company

Table 20. Manager´s Perspective – Utility Company

Table 19. Business Model – Utility Company

Table 18. Business Context – Utility Company

Figure 10. ESA and ESA factors at the Chemical Company

Table 17. ESA – Utility Company

Table 16. Manager´s Perspective – Chemical Company

Table 14. Business Context - Chemical Company

Table 15. Business Model - Chemical Company

Table 13. ESA - Chemical Company

Figure 9. ESA and ESA factors at the Bank

Table 12. Manager´s perspective -Bank

Table 10. Business Context - Bank

Table 8. Selected cases

Table 11. Business Model - Bank

Table 9. ESA - Bank

Table 7. ESA and influencing factors

Figure 8. Data classification

Figure 6. Theoretical Model of ESA and ESA Factors

Table 5 Business models and environmental strategies

Table 4. Business context and Environmental Strategies

Figure 5. Collaborative networks of ESA research

Table 3 Co-occurrence configuration of ESA Factors

Table 2. Typology of environmental strategies used in this research

Figure 3. Co-word clusters in the literature review

Table 6. Manager´s perspective and Environmental Strategies

Figure 2. Distribution of articles in Journals