The adoption of environmental strategies in large Colombian businesses

Literature review and theoretical model

2.4. ESA Factors Research on ESA factors has resorted to different theoretical concepts as lenses to understand ESA. It can be said that such theories explain how firms adopt environmental strategies as a way to deal with uncertainty, achieve a competitive advantage or address societal needs. Specifically, the Institutional Theory has been used to explain how external and stakeholder pressures can lead firms to adopt similar environmental strategies as a way to seek legitimacy (M. Delmas & Toffel, 2004; Sarkis, 2003). Resource Based View (RBV) has been used to explain how firms adopt different environmental strategies by using their business models and capabilities in order to achieve environmental and economic benefits. Finally, CSR in alignment with the concept of Cognitive Frames has been used to illustrate the role of managers in ESA. Relying on these theoretical perspectives, the ESA influencing factors analyzed in the present research are, respectively, business context, business model and manager’s perspective (See Table 3. Co-occurrence configuration of ESA Factors). Table 3. Co-occurrence configuration of ESA Factors Strategies Green processes

Green products development

Green systems

Factors

Compliance

Business context

Regulation Social license

Green industry Parent company

Green markets

Community Green markets

Business model

Stable

Dynamic

Transforma- Boons, tive (2009)

Profits

Citizenship

Manager´s Compliance perspective

References Hoffman, (2001) & Genc, (2013) Earnhart, (2017)

Carroll, (1999)

• Business context Business context plays an important role in the adoption of strategies by firms, because of the external constraints and norms that institutions impose on corporations and that are translated into the technical attributes that drive the way companies operate” (Bhimani et al., 2016)). Multiple pressures such as performance rewards, pressure for conformity and social

The adoption of environmental strategies in large Colombian businesses

Articles inside

Table 40. Factors for the adoption of environmental strategies

Table 39. ESA and ESA Factors across cases

Table 38. Main ESA factors observed in the case studies

Figure 15. ESA and the ESA factors at the Dairy Company

Table 37. Main environmental strategies observed in the case studies

Table 35. Business model – Dairy Company

Figure 14. ESA and the ESA factors at the Cosmetic Company

Table 36. Manager´s Perspective – Dairy Company

Table 33. ESA –Dairy Company

Table 34. Business Context – Dairy Company

Table 32. Manager´s perspective – Cosmetic Company

Table 30. Business Context – Cosmetic Company

Table 31. Business model – Cosmetic Company

Table 29. ESA – Cosmetic Company

Table 23. Business Model – Oil & Gas Company

Table 25. ESA – Agri-business

Table 27. Business Model – Agri-business

Table 26. Business Context – Agri-business

Table 22. Business Context – Oil & Gas Company

Figure 11. ESA and the ESA factors at the Utility Company

Table 21. ESA – Oil & Gas Company

Table 20. Manager´s Perspective – Utility Company

Table 19. Business Model – Utility Company

Table 18. Business Context – Utility Company

Figure 10. ESA and ESA factors at the Chemical Company

Table 17. ESA – Utility Company

Table 16. Manager´s Perspective – Chemical Company

Table 14. Business Context - Chemical Company

Table 15. Business Model - Chemical Company

Table 13. ESA - Chemical Company

Figure 9. ESA and ESA factors at the Bank

Table 12. Manager´s perspective -Bank

Table 10. Business Context - Bank

Table 8. Selected cases

Table 11. Business Model - Bank

Table 9. ESA - Bank

Table 7. ESA and influencing factors

Figure 8. Data classification

Figure 6. Theoretical Model of ESA and ESA Factors

Table 5 Business models and environmental strategies

Table 4. Business context and Environmental Strategies

Figure 5. Collaborative networks of ESA research

Table 3 Co-occurrence configuration of ESA Factors

Table 2. Typology of environmental strategies used in this research

Figure 3. Co-word clusters in the literature review

Table 6. Manager´s perspective and Environmental Strategies

Figure 2. Distribution of articles in Journals