Case studies
use of environmental indicators for process monitoring and environmental reporting as business benchmark. Voluntary initiatives are focused on the development of recreational and cultural activities for communities and have involved more than 1700 employees globally and 200 locally (Chemical Company, 2017b). The beneficiaries of the program has corresponded to communities located under the influence of the company in Las Hermosas Canyon (Tolima), San Carlos (Antioquia), Quibdó (Chocó), Buenaventura (Valle del Cauca), Florencia (Caquetá) and an indigenous reservation (Chemical Company, 2017b). Table 13. ESA - Chemical Company observed environmental practices * Adoption of end of pipe technologies * Implementation of environmental communication campaigns * Development of social projects for low-income communities located nearby the facilities of the company * Commitment to voluntary initiatives, industry standards such as ISO 14001, Global Compact, local product seals and local Water Company Standards for pipelines. * Cleaner production and operational efficiency * Participation in green awards * Adoption of parent company guidelines
• ESA Factors a) Business Context. The influencing factors observed in terms of the business context corresponded to regulation, public concern about the safety of the product and parent company´s guidelines for the adoption of environmental strategies. Colombian government has stipulated waste disposal rules for manufacturing companies (Chemical-Company, 2018). In relation to that, Company treats wastewater before its discharge, in order to fulfill the quality characteristics required under national laws and regulations (Chemical-Company, 2018). In addition to regulation, public concern constitutes a key factor for the adoption of environmental strategies: The interviewee expressed that company decisions dealing with environmental issues were influenced by public concerned and the way Company responses to such pressure. Specifically, interviewee stated:
| 95
