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Papers in english

History and archaeology

LINGUOPOETIC ANALYSIS OF SURAH HUMAZA Bobur Ismoilov

DESCRIPTION OF DIDACTIC TOPICS IN MAHMUD ZAMAKHSHARIY'S WORK " ATWOQU-Z-ZAHAB" Nizomiddin Ibrohimov

Engineering

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE PARAMETERS OF A PLASTIC GRATE ON COMPOSITE SUPPORTS WITH NON-LINEAR STIFFNESS ON THE OSCILLATION FREQUENCY Akbarjon Jumaev Anvar Juraev Bakhodir Qayumov

VIRTUAL LABORATORIES AS AN INSEPARABLE PART OF E-LEARNING Hilola Xushmanova Elmira Nomozova

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O'zbek tilida maqolalar

Pedagogika

MASOFAVIY O'QITISHNI SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI BOSQICHLARI Musamedova Kamola Abdulxakovna

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INTERNAL MIGRATION PROCESSES OF RUSSIA Aleksei Setin teacher, municipal budget educational institution secondary school №47, Russia, Ulyanovsk , ,

, , . ABSTRACT This article will consider the internal migration processes of Russia which arose as a result of the expansion of the borders of the Russian state, the role of migration processes, which only from the XVII century the government begins to pay more attention to, which subsequently played a decisive role in the formation of the political, economic, social and cultural space of Russia. : , , , , , , , , , , , , , . Keywords: internal migration, border, territorial expansion, movement of the population, serfs, state serfs, nobility, immigrants, serf oppression, colonist, land shortage, urbanization, USSR, depopulation. XVII

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№ 32 (161), 2020 .

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ABSTRACT The paper proposes the conclusion of the kinematic equations of motion of the crew on balloon wheels along a curved path of sufficiently small curvature. : , , , , , , . Keywords: mathematical model, numerical algorithm, vehicles, computer technology, rolling theory, stability of motion, computational experiment. ,

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№ 32 (161), 2020 .

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№ 32 (161), 2020 .

 Mi  i  M xi  i  M i ]  ...

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n m  x    Fi sin i  Pi cos i  i   qj j 1 i 1   y   Pi sin i  Fi cos i  qi   j .  i xi i   M i  M i  (ri Pi  M i )  q j q j q j  x  Fi sin i  Pi cos i  i    m q j Rj     yi i 1     Pi sin i  Fi cos i  q j       M i i  M i i  (ri Pi  M i ) i  . (8) q j q j q j 

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AGE-RELATED MORPHOLOGY OF THE RENAL ARTERIES (ACCORDING TO X-RAY AND PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES) Eldar Nadyrov PhD, associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Gomel State Medical University, Republic of Belarus, Gomel Daniil Vvedensky PhD associate Professor, Department of Human Anatomy with a Course in Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Gomel State Medical University, Republic of Belarus, Gomel Andrey Mikulich Assistant of the Department of Human Anatomy with a course of operative surgery and topographic anatomy, Gomel State Medical University, Republic of Belarus, Gomel Maxim Voysarov Student of the Faculty of Medical Diagnostics, Gomel State Medical University, Republic of Belarus, Gomel Irina Larionova Student of the Faculty of Medical Diagnostics, Gomel State Medical University, Republic of Belarus, Gomel 43

№ 32 (161), 2020 .

. ABSTRACT An analysis was made of the morphology of the renal arteries and the incidence of additional renal artery in 44 patients. Statistically significant differences were revealed in the diameter of the left artery, the surgical length of the right renal artery, as well as the length of the right and left arteries - the indicators were statistically significantly higher in men, regardless of age group. The frequency of occurrence of atherosclerotic changes in the wall of the renal arteries was determined. The results of the study can serve as a theoretical basis for assessing the degree of suitability of a kidney allograft for transplantation. : , , , . Keywords: renal arteries, anatomy, atherosclerosis, transplantation. -

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ABSTRACT The problem of communication currently occupies one of the leading places in the research of sociologists, educators and psychologists. Society expects from the younger generation the ability to communicate and debate, to distinguish between certain situations of communication, to understand the state of other people in different situations and, on the basis of this, to adequately build their behavior, respect other people and be able to show sympathy and empathy towards them. “By the way a child is able to build his utterance, one can judge the level of his speech development. Arbitrarily constructing his utterance, he must be aware of the speech action, the logic of the expression of thought, the coherence of speech presentation". : , , . Keywords: communication, preschooler, speech. «

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ABSTRACT The article discusses possible ways to solve the problem of motivation in secondary school. Teachers are offered three areas of work to increase the motivation of students. : , , . Keywords: motivation of students to learn, problems of motivation, ways to increase motivation.

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ANNOTATSIYA Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at darslari o’quv jarayonida va masofaviy ta’limda AKT imkoniyatlaridan foydalanish haqida soz yuritilgan. ,

ABSTRACT This article explains how to use the use of ICT in the classroom fine arts in school the process of analogous and distance learning. : , , , . Keywords: expand the spectrum, ICT, revitalization, imagination. -

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BASIC EQUATION OF MATERIALS SCIENCE associate professor, Samara state technical university, Russia, Samara , . ABSTRACT A general form of the equation of the relationship between the composition, structure and properties of the material is proposed. : , , . Keywords: materials science, structure, material properties. ,

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ABSTRACT This article discusses the main trends in the transition to a system of intelligent power supply networks, as well as the main advantages of implementing the Smart Grid system. : , , , , , . Keywords: city, electricity, energy, network, technology, innovation.

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micro (macro)+N (microparticule, macromédicament) micro(macro)+Adj(macromoléculaire), nano+N (nanosubstance, nanotransporteur) nano+Adj (nanocapillaire, nanoparticulaire). , . («micro-macro»). : N1+de (préposition)+N2 (polymère de nanoparticule, recepteur d’endocytose, l’acétate de megesterol), N1+à(préposition)+N2(nanocode à barres, puce à protéines), N1+à (préposition)+Adj+N2(potentialisation à court terme, à long terme), N1+à (préposition+N2+Adj (microscope à force atomique), N+Adj (nanoparticule superparamagnétique, prolifération anomale)[4].

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Alexey Azrapkin Graduate student of department of criminal and legal disciplines Institute of the right and management of GAOU VO MGPU, Russia, Moscow ,

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ABSTRACT Sea piracy poses threat to international trade therefore promotes tension between the close continental states, and also between continents within one state. Fight against piracy is activity of all international community, for stabilization the relation, in a certain region where this type of criminal activity prevails. Because Russia is included into the world community and directly takes part in fight against sea piracy, disclosure of a criminal and legal component of this crime is very important. In article the option on suppression of this crime by the conclusion by shipowners of contracts with the state in whose waters piracy on protection, or the conclusions of contracts with the security organizations prospers is offered. : , , , , , , , , , . Keywords: sea piracy, attack, sea terrorism, public safety, vessel, crew, property, transnational criminal groups, international crime, international law. -

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. . : : . .: ,2012.-120 . . . . ., . , 2002.-346 . . . . . . . .: , 1999. - 287 c. . . ( ) // . - .: , 2010, №10 -48 . . , ( , , ). .: , 2001. 317 . : : – / . . . . .: , 2006. -559 . . . : / . . . . , . . , . . . .: , 1999. – 784 . 2019: //http://assol.org.ua/2019/10/21/morskoe-piratstvo-2019-zaregistrirovannyh-sluchaev-stanovitsya-menshe/ ( 26.08.2020) -//https://tass.ru/info/6770430 ( 26.08.2020) -// https://pravo.ru/interpravo/news/view/45149/ ( 26.08.2020)

№ 32 (161), 2020 .

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THE PROBLEM OF VALIDATION OF CANDIDATE LISTS FOR JURIOR LISTS Daria Badeeva 2 course, aster student Northern (Arctic) federal university them. M.V.Lomonosov, Russia, Arkhangelsk

, . ABSTRACT The article discusses the issue of the need to change the validity of the lists of candidates for jury, in view of the problems arising in practice that the employees of the court apparatus face. : , , , . Keywords: Jurors, jury candidates, jury lists, jury lists expiration date. .

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CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF A CITIZEN THE JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Diana Evloeva Student, Department of constitutional and international law, All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Russia, Moscow

. ABSTRACT The article considers the constitutional right of a citizen to judicial protection of human rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation. : , , . Keywords: Constitution of the Russian Federation, judicial protection, constitutional rights and freedoms. -

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LINGUOPOETIC ANALYSIS OF SURAH HUMAZA Bobur Ismoilov International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan 2nd year master's degree student of Oriental classical philology, Uzbekistan, Tashkent ABSTRACT The art of "tajnisi muzori’" was used in the verse ‫ يْل ل ِّل ه ز ل ز‬. That is, the words ‫ ه ز‬and ‫ ل ز‬are words that are close in form and differ from each other by the sounds h and l while the rest of the letters are the same. Verses ‫يحْ سب أ َّ ماله أ ْخلد‬, َّ‫ ج ع ماال ع َّدد ل‬describe the qualities and deeds of slanderers and gossipers. This is called the "khabar" method. There is also a "wasl" method in the verse. َّ The word ‫كَّل‬ َّ means the meaning of the whole phrase. There is a “qasr” method in the verse ‫كَّل لي ْ َّ في ْلحط ة‬. The art of "tajohilul orifona" is used in the verse ‫ ما أ ْد ك ما ْلحط ة‬. The words ‫ع َّدد‬, ‫أ ْخلد‬, ‫حط ة‬, ‫م قد‬, ‫أ ْف د‬, ‫م ْ صد‬, ‫ م َّدد‬in which the art of saj is used in all verses, are mutually compatible words that form a rhythm. Also, all verses have the method of "iyjaz" (that is, the method of expressing a broad meaning in a short sentence). Keywords: Allah, surah, verse, humaza, linguopoetry, iyjaz, hazf, jinos, khabar, wasl, qasr, tajohil - orifona, saj’, passion, maturity, hell, fire. The maturity of the verses of the Qur'an has a miracle that amazes humanity. In this article, the linguopoetic aspects of Surah Humaza are analyzed. ‫بسْم َللا لرَّحْ ن لرَّحيم‬ In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. (1) ‫يْل ل ِّل ه ز ل ز‬ Woe to all slanderer and slanderer (who insults and ruins people and their reputation). In this verse, the words ‫ ه ز ل ز‬constitute the art of tajnis (jinos). Jinos is one of the arts that requires consonance in the science of badi’, it is similar in pronunciation, and two words that differ in meaning form jinos, i.e. they are based on paronyms and amonyms. In the verse, the words ‫ه ز‬and ‫ل ز‬are words that are close in form and differ from each other by the sounds h and l , and the other letters are the same, this is called “tajnisi muzari’ [2]”. It is also reported in this verse that slanderers and gossipers will be destroyed. In the following verses, there is also information about their qualities and deeds. This is the "khabar" method in semantic science. By saying Woe to all slanderer and slanderer (who insults and ruins people and their reputation) it is assumed that there is a word "to be" and the word that describes it has been deleted. There is also the method of "iyjozul hazf." )3( ‫( يحْ سب أ َّ ماله أ ْخلد‬2) َّ‫ج ع ماال ع َّدد ل‬ He, is the one who (amassed) wealth (only) when he thought that (his wealth) made him immortal, and he reckoned it (without spending it for good deeds). There are two verses that are translated together for a beautiful meaning. In these verses, the qualities and

deeds of the slanderers and gossipers in the above verse are reported. So there is a "khabar" method here as well. In the verse َّ‫ج ع ماال ع َّدد ل‬, two sentences are combined and they are connected by the conjunction “and”. One of the methods of “balig’” is to put the connectors in the right place, not to put them in the wrong place is the method of “balig’”, and it is called "wasl" method in semantic science [1]. in the word ‫ع َّدد‬ expresses ‫ ماال‬which means wealth. This short expression feature is a very widely used method in Arabic, which also indicates the maturity of the language and the word. The feature of the past tense verb in Arabic is that it also expresses a constant action and a strong emphasis. The verbs ‫ج ع‬and ‫ ع َّدد‬in the verse expresses the same meaning. Because there are people with those qualities like the mentioned above, and that means it will continue until the Day of Judgment. َّ (4) ‫كَّل لي ْ َّ في ْلحط ة‬ No, (his reckoning is useless)! I swear that he will be thrown into the destroying Hell! َّ which means The negative load in this verse ‫كَّل‬ "no", is a very strong denial and represents the negation of an entire sentence. That is, "He thinks that his wealth has made him immortal." is a denial of the sentence, and it gives meaning "it is useless to think that his wealth has made him immortal, or that what he thinks is useless!" This is called the "qasr" method in the science of meaning [1]. The particle in the word َّ ْ ‫لي‬is added to verbs to express a strong emphasis. It is also used to express swearing. The َّ added to the end of a word is an augmentative suffix of the verb. It is also an emphasis particle that represents the action that will surely happen 66

№ 32 (161), 2020 . them (because they are tied they will not be able to escape from the depths of the Hell, nor they will be able to breathe)! These verses also define the word ‫ ْلحط ة‬. In the َّ it was said that he would be verse ‫كَّل لي ْ َّ في ْلحط ة‬ thrown into the destroying hell with an oath and a strong emphasis, and in the verse ‫ نَّ ا عل ْي ْم م ْ صد‬it is also emphasized with َّ that surely they will be tied on columns (with long chains and the fire) covers above them. In these verses also used the method of "khabar", the information about this method is given above. Also, the words ‫ع َّدد‬, ‫أ ْخلد‬, ‫حط ة‬, ‫م قد‬, ‫أ ْف د‬, ‫م ْ صد‬, ‫ م َّدد‬at the end of all verses are mutually proportional words that form a rhythm. It is called the art of “saj” in the science of art [2]. The fact that all the verses of the Surah are in harmony from beginning to end, and that the number of letters in these words that make up the rhyme are the same, is due to the maturity and eloquence of the verses of the Qur'an. Also, all verses have the method of "iyjoz" (that is, the method of expressing a broad meaning in a short sentence). This method is a specific feature to all verses.

in the future. The use of two emphasis particle in one word signifies a very strong emphasis. The use of two emphasis in a single word like this indicates the maturity of the word, which is more specific to the verses of the Qur'an in Arabic. )5( ‫ما أ ْد ك ما ْلحط ة‬ (O man), how do you know what a destroyer is?! What is described in the verse is reinforced by questioning the word ‫ ْلحط ة‬. Here Allah, the God Who knows everything, by asking what ‫ ْلحط ة‬is, explains how important this word is and that His servants should know it well. It is called the art of “tajohilul-orifona” (knows but acts as does not know) [2]. This enhances the expressive effect of the word. َّ ‫نا‬ )7( ‫) لَّتي تطَّلع على ْْل ْف د‬6( ‫َللا ْل قد‬ It is a blazing fire of Allah, which reaches the hearts (with its flame piercing the bodies). In these verses, Allah Himself responds to the word ‫ ْلحط ة‬and describes it as a burning fire of Allah and it reaches the hearts. )9( ‫) في ع د م َّدد‬8( ‫نَّ ا عل ْي ْم م ْ صد‬ Verily (these nonbelievers), will be tied on columns (with long chains and the fire) covers above

References: 1. Salimakhon Rustamiy. Describing linguistic theories and linguistic phenomena in maturity science. T:.”Navruz” Publishing House 2017, p.170. 2. Dilnavoz Yusupova. The rules of aruz verse and basis of classical poetry. T:.”Ta’lim Media” Publishing House 2019. p.183. 3. Alouddin Mansur. A brief commentary on the Noble Qur'an. - Tashkent .: “Sharq” Publishing House, 2019.- P.981. 4. Atoulloh Husayniy. “Badoyi'u-s-sanoyi'”. Translated by A. Rustamov from Persian.T.: Literature and Art Publishing House named after G.Gulom, 1981.-P.231.

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DESCRIPTION OF DIDACTIC TOPICS IN MAHMUD ZAMAKHSHARIY'S WORK " ATWOQU-Z-ZAHAB" Nizomiddin Ibrohimov Master of International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Tashkent ABSTRACT The need to compare the translation of Mahmud Zamakhshariy's “Atwoqu-z-zahab fil mawazi val khutab”, to identify the differences between them, and to show the place of the scholar's legacy in the history of oriental literature also determines the relevance of this topic. Close acquaintance with manuscripts, lithographs and printed copies of Mahmud Zamakhshariy's work "Atwoqu-z-zahab" and their mutual analysis. Keywords: Qur’an, hadith, knowledge, piety, arrogance, pride, perfection, guidance, purity of heart, modesty, beauty. Mahmud Zamakhshariy is distinguished in the classical oriental literature by his work in the genre of admonition and sermon. It is seemed that the scholar's knowledge of ancient Arabic literature is most evident in this field. The deep historical roots of the semantic features of the admonition further strengthen its traditional spirit, attracting the seeker of knowledge and the interest of the reader. Because the author does not use the ancient traditions without change, gives them the spirit of the time and connects them closely with the environment of his time. It served to ensure the survival of the work as well as the scientific heritage of the author. Such kind of immortality can be seen in the didactic works of Mahmud Zamakhshariy. The scientist is able to clearly distinguish important topics in the society of his time in terms of relevance, and to fully demonstrate in the text the ability to articulate the content of the answers to them. For this reason, the didactic themes in Mahmud Zamakhshariy's “Atwoqu-z-zahab” are inseparable from the realities of their time. He was as important and relevant to his time as he was to later scholars. As a result, scholars have written reviews or commentaries on the work. An acquaintance with the didactic themes in Mahmud Zamakhshariy's “Atwoqu-zzahab” shows that they are not repeated, but complement and improve one after another. It is known that the work consists of a hundred articles. Each article in the work is named based on a common theme. The first article of the work is entitled as "The Rise of Man with Knowledge and Piety." Therefore, the importance of these two factors are very big in a person's life. As a first thought, the scientist advises man to always be knowledgeable and, of course, to be careful. A reader who gets acquainted with the content of wisdom realizes that it is really effective. It aims to make people aware of the essence of itself and Allah. He who reads and observes it strives for enlightenment, ascension, and avoidance of ignorance and vices. The next article is called "Look at your origin!" There is a reason for such a name. Because knowledge and piety are unique to man and do not belong to any other being or creature. The state of creation leads from simplicity to complexity, from simplicity to perfection, and if a person relies on the above two factors, he will attain it, if he does not rely on it and he will remain arrogant and return to his origin. The next article is called "Life is a moment". It is so called because the passing of a human

life is like the passing of a hurricane. Therefore, in this moment, one should devote one's life to useful deeds, spend it in prayer, and persevere in good deeds. The fourth admonition in Mahmud Zamakhshariy's “Atwoqu-z-zahab” is entitled as: "Do not drag your pants arrogantly and forsake arrogance." This work of Zamakhshariy, as noted above, describes the socioeconomic life of his time and condemns a number of negative aspects. The first of these is arrogance, which is the most dangerous to man, is described in the fourth article. It is no coincidence that the article is named in that way. The fact that the first of the three articles is "knowledge and piety," the second is "Look at your origin," the third is "life is a moment," and the fourth is dedicated to arrogance, seems Mahmud Zamakhshariy is educating the reader. Pride can make a person miserable, just as it was with devil. Humility brings man to perfection and makes him dear and sacred in both two worlds. The next article is entitled as "Death is enough to be an admonisher." That is enough for a person who truly understands with his mind and receives advice from him whenever he sees death. The reason is that a proud person is always indifferent to the sermon about death. Death is the end of this life. This is an advice and one must listen to it. This is an example for those who seek the right way. It is enough to look at the coffin and the grave. The sixth article is called "The Lord is near to you." It is so called because human should always know his Lord closely. Everything that is to come, whether it is life or good thing, is that everyone should believe that everything depends on himself and know that his Lord is always close to him. To know the Lord that knows both the outside and the inside of a person is close at all times. It is doubtful that people with the right intentions and pure hearts will always win in any place. Mahmud Zamakhshariy's next article is dedicated to such kind of people and entitled as "A person with a pure heart is a happy person." In fact, this is a person who never does evil to people and always extends a helping hand to them for the sake of the only God. That is why he is always a happy person. The next article is called "Avoid showing yourself." So, this article concludes that there were such people in the time of Mahmud Zamakhshariy. Such a person is like an ambitious person among people. A person with this disease can be called a person with low spirituality. Because people with such low morale always wants heights. He does his best to make 68

№ 32 (161), 2020 . not being able to control one's lust and finishes like this: “As long as a lust is free and uncontrolled seeks a lust like itself, throws at it greedily, and never satisfies”. As human becomes free negative habits start to increase in him, and bad behaviors start to appear. To get rid of them, one need to stay away from negative vices such as laziness and sloth. Mahmoud Zamakhshariy's next article, for example, is entitled as "Man's behavior is evidence of his origin." Of course, good deeds are given to man while his creation. For example, if a good person is faced evil, he will definitely refrain from doing so. If somebody wants humiliation to a noble man, he will turn away from it. The next article is entitled as "Shame is better than wealth." Man’s best wealth is undoubtedly his modesty. Of course, the sweat that drips from the forehead in a shy, expensive way is more beautiful than the beauty of a raised nose. Because evil will never come out of such a shameful person. He is convinced that although he cannot say anything because of his fear, he hopes that happiness will come after hardship. Mahmud Zamakhshariy's next article is entitled as "Of course, relief comes after hardship," which is the last verse of Surat al-Sharh in the Qur'an. This title of the article is not in vain. If there were no hard and difficult days in his life, it seems like he is deprived from savoir relief. The same is true of divine wisdom. It is a rule that good is commanded on this basis, and evil is returned on this basis, too. Because not everything is in vain. The next article is called "Bad activity." By giving this article such a title, Zamakhshariy speaks of the need to abandon all bad habits. They is like dust, and they pollutes the human heart. The next article is entitled as "About the nature of a good person." In fact, human needs help in every aspect of his life, and the help of good people is invaluable. As a person fills his circle of friends with good people, they will undoubtedly have a positive impact on his lifestyle. That is why Zamakhshariy’s next article is called so. As mentioned above, each of Zamakhshariy's articles is closely related to the content of the Noble Qur'an and the Hadith. It is well known that both the Qur'an and the Hadith contain many words about what kind of people can be friends. For example, verse 2 of Surat al-Ma'ida says: ‫علتقوي و تاونو علي البر و‬ “Cooperate in the path of goodness and piety [4].” The next article is entitled as “About avoiding the filth”. This article is named like this because it is about protecting one's lust from filthy things and the ways that lead to it. It is known that filthy food can cause great harm to a person's life, property and heart. On the surface, it may seem that everything is fine, but it does not go unnoticed on spiritual aspects of a person. It is well known that according to the Shari'ah of Islam the main factor in the acceptance of a person's prayers depends on the honesty of the halal food. In this article, Mahmud Zamakhshariy gives the reader the necessary advice on how a person should refrain from these negative ways. At the same time, he warns of the consequences of those who do this and says: "In order to do what Allah has commanded and to establish justice, people of pure faith do not obey the time, they break the wings of evil [2]." Indeed, those who abstain from what God has forbidden will be blessed in this world and in the Hereafter. In

himself look good and doesn't know what fatigue is. They do not know that praise is worth only to the Creator. The next article is called "Sacrifice your property to yourself." The article is called like this because there are people who are dedicated to amassing wealth. They are so resentful that they are afraid to spend money even on themselves. Zamakhshariy has written the following advice for such people in this article. He tells that one should spend wealth not only for himself, but also to needy people. In addition, this article argues that only a good name and goodness remain from a person. For this, a person must first be fair, truthful and among the right people, and should follow their path solidly. Mahmoud Zamakhshariy's next article is about this and gives the necessary advice on holding the path of the God and of the people of truth. When a person loves the path of the God, he always fights against injustice, tries to establish justice everywhere, and strives for it. In his article, Zamakhshariy describes this ring as a ring of love. This name is not in vain, because only a person who loves the righteous can hold on to their path firmly. A man must hold this ring so tightly that nothing can occupy him from this ring, but only this ring keeps him busy. In this article, Zamakhshariy also emphasizes that one of the qualities of the righteous is humility and good manners. Of course, good manners are needed in many aspects of a person's life. Zamakhshariy's next article is entitled "Think about the verses of Allah." The reason for this name is that when a person thinks about the verses of Allah, his thoughts become deeper, he becomes more alert, and most importantly, his heart is always awake. The heart is far from petty and ugly thoughts. He begins to appreciate every moment of his life and learns from the signs of every verse. He looks at everything in the world through the eyes which introduces his Lord. It teaches us not to be ungrateful and to be satisfied in any situation. Zamakhshariy's next article is about being satisfied and says that one should be thankful for each passing day. At the same time, this article gives accurate advice on how to avoid begging and how to avoid asking things from people. For example, the last part of the article concludes, "Always ask for the bounty of Allah and be with the bounty of Allah." Surely, in vain there is a saying “The thing that was given by Allah is a blessing, and the thing that was not given by Allah is wisdom”. That is why a person should live every moment of his life with a spirit of gratitude. Every time that is lost and every time of ingratitude may lead to the inevitable detriment of a man. As a person begins to appreciate these two great blessings of time and contentment, he will no doubt have the courage to strive for prayer. The next article in Mahmud Zamakhshariy's “Atwoqu-z-zahab” is entitled "Strive to Pray." The reason for this name is to warn man of the swamp of laziness. Another negative flaw in man is undoubtedly laziness. As mentioned above, if a person knows the value of time, he definitely spends it in prayer. He makes a plan for each day and sticks to it. He refrains from wasting his time and gives up laziness. The next article is called "Leave Laziness" and this article gives you the necessary advice. In particular, it is said about the bitterness of rest found in lowness and humiliation. It is also advised about the consequences of 69

№ 32 (161), 2020 . Mahmud Zamakhshariy is a man of deep thought, intelligence and vast knowledge, who is known for his beautiful presentation of these teachings. In conclusion, Mahmud Zamakhshariy's “Atwoquz-zahab” not only mentions the negative aspects of a person, but also advises how to get rid of them. The advice in these articles is closely related to the meanings of the Noble Qur'an and the Hadith, and the reader who reads them will undoubtedly receive spiritual nourishment. Because the reader who reads these words of wisdom will immediately become enlightened, begin to think, and will no doubt apply them to his life.

many aspects of this sermon, the good news of happiness and bliss is given to those who are willing to do well. People who stay away from these things and do not protect themselves from what is forbidden to them are condemned. The next article is about Riya (acting for people) and Dua (asking from Allah). These two defects are one positive and the other negative. In this article, Zamakhshariy describes hypocrite pepole as "hypocrites." It is said that such people will undoubtedly be among those who will incur the wrath of Allah [2]. At the same time, certain etiquettes of dua, including etiquette and humility, are taught. It is seen that

References: 1. A brief commentary on the Noble Qur'an – Alouddin Mansur. – Tashkent. 1992. p.-72-73. 2. Mahkam Mahmud, Nazarbek Rahim. Golden necklaces. Tashkent, 2010. – p. 37. 3. Abu Homid Ghazzoliy “Mukoshafatu-l qulub”. “Adolat” Publishing House. Tashkent, 2002. – p. 350B. 4. Surat al-Ma’ida, verse 2. The Noble Qur’an, Uzbek annotated translation, Alouddin Mansur Tashkent. 1992. p. 7273.

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ENGINEERING STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE PARAMETERS OF A PLASTIC GRATE ON COMPOSITE SUPPORTS WITH NON-LINEAR STIFFNESS ON THE OSCILLATION FREQUENCY Akbarjon Jumaev Doctoral student, Navoi branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Navoi Anvar Juraev Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Uzbekistan, Tashkent Bakhodir Qayumov Trainer researcher Navoi branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Navoi ABSTRACT The design of the support roller and the crank-and-beam mechanism allows the amortization of peak values of the reaction forces in the kinematic pair of the rocker arm with the strut and allows smooth transitional modes of oscillation of the rocker arm in its extreme positions, resulting in a significant increase in the reliability and service life of the mechanism. An important mechanism is the determination of the law of punitive movement of the rocker arm connected with the working body. Keywords: mechanism, connecting rod, rocker arm, hinge, resource, elastic, analysis, crank, kinematics, roller, support, shock absorber, technology, experiment, grate. impact, passing into the potential energy of the deformable rubber roller sleeve:

Engineering technology is one of the most important sectors of the republic, and the modern stages of its development are a solid foundation of our state. Providing our people with a wide range of consumer goods, improving the quality of life and meeting the needs of modern products for the production of mechanical engineering in accordance with international standards. The development of the industry involves the widespread introduction of scientific and technological achievements in production, increasing labor productivity, re-equipping enterprises with new modern technological machines, improving technological processes, and training highly qualified specialists. When impulsive, the impact of the roller on the lightweight composite roller conveyors instantaneous deformation of the rubber sleeve of the roller. t is important to determine the frequency of oscillation of the rubber sleeve of the roller, which affect the cleaning effect. For an approximate determination of the value of the deformation of the roller bearings, we consider the kinetic energy of the pulled roller bearing together with the grate during the

T ď&#x20AC;˝

mV y2

ď&#x192;˛ ď&#x20AC;¨c x ď&#x20AC;Ť c x ď&#x20AC;Šdx

max

ď&#x20AC;˝

(1)

where: T-kinetic energy of the roller support and grate; m- the total mass of the grate and the rubber sleeve of the roller; Vy - speed of impact of the roller on the grate; đ?&#x2018;? - of the stiffness coefficient of the elastic đ?&#x2018;? support; đ?&#x2018;? = 2 non-linear component of the stiffness đ?&#x153;&#x2021;

coefficient; - potential energy of a deformable elastic support; From the accepted interaction conditions: a

Vy ď&#x20AC;˝

2 c1 xdx ď&#x20AC;Ť ď&#x192;˛ 2 x 3 dx ď m ď&#x192;˛0 0

Where, - maximum strain value.

(2)

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1-at ď ˇ ď&#x20AC;˝ 65 ď&#x20AC;1 2- at ď ˇ ď&#x20AC;˝ 40 ď&#x20AC;1 , C1=1,5â&#x2C6;&#x2122;104 N/m; m=1,20 Ns2/m Figure 1. Dependences of the change in the range of vibrations of the plastic grate as a function of the stiffness coefficient of the elastic support of the roller cleaner

ď ˇ ď&#x20AC;˝ 65 1- at ď ˇ ď&#x20AC;˝ 65 1-at

tď&#x20AC;˝4

ď&#x192;&#x2014;

ď Ą ď Ą

nď&#x20AC;1

ď&#x192;˛ 0

dď ¸

ď&#x192;Š ď&#x192;š 1 1,8541 ď&#x192;ş ď&#x20AC;Ť t k ď&#x20AC;˝ 4 m ď&#x192;Ş6,28 ď&#x192;Ş c1 ď Ą c 2 / ď ď&#x192;ş 2 ď&#x192;Ť ď&#x192;ť

ď ˛k ď&#x20AC;˝

Where, Îą and n â&#x20AC;&#x201C; permanent, n â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1,2; đ?&#x153;&#x2030; = đ?&#x2018;&#x2039;/đ?&#x2018;&#x17D; with a restoring force equal to đ?&#x203A;źđ?&#x2018;Ľ đ?&#x2018;&#x203A;â&#x2C6;&#x2019; . In oscillatory systems with nonlinear rigidity of the elastic element, there is a definite relationship between the period and the amplitude. In this case, the recovering force and

ď&#x20AC;Ť

therefore takes the values 1

ď&#x192;˛ 0

dď ¸ 1ď&#x20AC; ď ¸ 2

ď&#x20AC;Ť

2ď c2 a 2

ď&#x192;˛ 0

dď ¸ 1ď&#x20AC;ď ¸ 4

0,25a c1c2 / ď

m (2ď °ď Ą c2 / ď ď&#x20AC;Ť 1,85 c1

(6)

An analysis of the derived formula (6) shows that the natural frequency of oscillations nonlinearly decreases with increasing reduced mass of the plastic grate from the roller. With an increase in the amplitude of oscillations and stiffness coefficients c1 and c2, the frequency of natural oscillations changes in a nonlinear dependence. In numerical calculations, the initial parameters are taken: Figure 4. shows the graphical dependence of the change in the relative value of the natural frequency of vibrations of the plastic grate from an increase in its reduced mass. Analysis of the graphs shows that the relative value of the natural frequency with an increase in the reduced mass of the grate is reduced by a nonlinear regularity. The magnitude of the amplitude does not actually affect this regularity, that is, an increase in the amplitude leads to a parallel upward đ?&#x2018;? movement of the regularity curve with a difference đ?&#x2018;&#x2DC; =

and 2. Then the period of vibrations of the plastic grate on an elastic support with nonlinear rigidity is determined from the expression [1]. ď&#x192;Š 1 t ď&#x20AC;˝ 4 mď&#x192;Ş ď&#x192;Ş c1 ď&#x192;Ť

(5)

For the frequency of free oscillations taking into account đ?&#x2018;? = đ?&#x153;&#x2039;/Đ˘ we have:

(3)

1 ď&#x20AC; ď ¸ 2n

2- at

Figure 2. Dependences of the change in the range of vibrations of the plastic grate depending on its mass

According to studies, with nonlinear stiffness of the elastic element, a single mass vibration system of the plastic grate of the system under =0 before = fluctuations will be 1

ď ˇ ď&#x20AC;˝ 40 ď&#x20AC;1 , ď&#x20AC;1 2- at ď ˇ ď&#x20AC;˝ 40 ď&#x20AC;1 ď&#x20AC;1

ď&#x192;š ď&#x192;ş ď&#x192;ş ď&#x192;ť

(4) Where, đ?&#x153;&#x2021; - is a coefficient taking into account the nonlinearity of the elastic characteristic, m2. In the obtained expression (3), we integrate the terms in brackets, while the second term is calculated (integrated) using tables of special functions according to the work and we obtain

đ?&#x2018;?Đ?

, 5 â&#x2C6;&#x2019; , 5 with increasing a from ,8 Âˇ â&#x2C6;&#x2019; đ?&#x2018;&#x161; before , Âˇ â&#x2C6;&#x2019; m. In this case, the average weight of the roller located on the surface of the grate is included in the mass of the plastic grate on average.

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1 - mk= 1,8 kg; 2 - mk= 1,2 kg 3 3 3 1- at  0,8 10 m ; 2- at  1,0  10 m ; 3- at  1,2 10 m Figure 3. Graphic dependences of the changed relative value Figure 4. Graphic dependences of the change in the of the natural frequency of vibrations of the plastic grate relative value of the period of oscillation of the plastic from an increase in its reduced mass grate from the change in maximum amplitude A fragment of displacement, speed, and acceleration of a conical grate on an elastic support with a nonlinear restoring force at:

It should be noted that the plastic grid-irons actually make complex vibrations. Grid-irons will actually make vertical vibrations. Consideration of the technological load from the roller on lightweight plastic grates is due to the fact that their value during the cleaning process is random in nature, which actually forms the vibration of the conical grate. To study the forced vibrations of plastic grates on elastic supports with non-linear characteristics, a PC implementation algorithm was compiled, which included taking into account the random process load from the roller in the form of a random number generator with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 18 N. As a result of the implementation of the mathematical model of the oscillatory system of the grate of the roller from large rubbish on a PC with variations in the parameters, graphical dependencies are obtained.

m  1,0 Hc 2 / 2

 0,8  10 4

/ ,

 1,2 104 / , ( F )  10,5 , F  (0,7  1,0)

It should be noted that the grate oscillation frequency is (40 ... 55) Hz. In this case, the high-frequency component of the great oscillations is (147178) Hz For metal grates on elastic supports according to the work, the amplitude of the oscillations is Comparison of the results shows that in the proposed design of the plastic grate, the amplitude of vibrations increases by (1015)% due to the lightweight construction of the grate.

References: 1. A. Dzhuraev and others. Theory of machinery mechanisms. E.G. Gulom 2004 p. 582. 2. A. Dzhuraev, B.N. Davidbaev, R.Yu. Melamedov, Yu.U. Mirzakhonov “Tension roller of a flat belt drive”. Patent No. 50, FN. Res. Russia akhborotnomasi No. 2, 1996 Utility model GM.GI 950020 1 / GF. 3. Juraev A.Zh., Davidbaev B.N., Zhalyaev A.A., Mirzakhanov U.U. Slippage gear with tension roller. // Patent Uz. Res. UZIAP 4228, 03/31/97. Number 1 4. A. Djuraev, Sh.S. Khudaykulov, A.S. Jumaev Development of the Design and Calculation of Parameters of the Saw Cylinder with an Elastic Bearing Support Jin. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-5, January 2020. Page No. 4842-4847 https://www.ijrte.org/download/volume-8-issue-5/

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VIRTUAL LABORATORIES AS AN INSEPARABLE PART OF E-LEARNING Hilola Xushmanova Student of the TUIT Karshi Branch, Uzbekistan, Karshi Elmira Nomozova Student of the TUIT Karshi Branch, Uzbekistan, Karshi ABSTRACT The article aimed to describe the importance of virtual laboratories in e-learning and some brief concepts and thoughts about the benefits and challenges of the usage of virtual laboratories in education highlighted by the international community, which can provide online learning opportunities to thousands of potential students. The paper also gives a brief overview of the types of virtual laboratories and the corresponding technical content, training and research technologies, as well as the use of virtual laboratories and research technologies used in the researches of the most modern companies in the world. Keywords: virtual laboratory, virtual reality, quantum lab, e-learning, remote access. Introduction: As everybody knows, today Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are rapidly evolving, globalization is on the rise, and improving education has already become one of the most important issues in achieving innovation goals. Since the world’s scientific information is being digitized and the idea of open and collaborative research emerged, invariably e-learning become the most essential and inseparable part of the study of the education. While e-learning means that scientists can learn at a distance, all parts of e-learning must also take the form of online distance learning, including the transformation of traditional practical laboratories into virtual laboratories (VLabs) . Over the past decades, as the volume of the world’s leading industrial products is growing rapidly there has been a rapid expansion of using practical laboratory exercises and also the use of hands-on laboratory has been expanding exponentially to provide the best services to consumers. In the traditional laboratories There are some challenges that have limited the effectiveness [3] of traditional laboratory and led to the emergence and development of other types of laboratories. These challenges including:  only a limited number of tests and lab exercises can be undertaken in the time available with the limited resources,  keeping students safe and secure while they are working in the practical experiments and  the materials and instruments that should be provided in these laboratories are highly costs. Today, concepts such as distance learning and ‘open’ universities in the field of education are widely used for both teaching and learning. Especially in the current global pandemic period, there is a growing demand for full and quality coverage of future young researchers and scientists with these kind of systems. In recent years, the term "Virtual Learning Laboratory" has become very popular in the introduction of ICT in education. VLab is now gaining popularity not only for the opportunity to visual study of medicine such as biotechnology practices and researches in this

field, but also in engineering researches the creation of simulators based on the smallest particles of physics such as atomic manipulators. In some special VLabs, you can not only learn and even participate in ways to create and develop the most powerful computer technologies in the world. VLabs in education can refer to simulation environments that add an environmental and human touch or to interfaces with real laboratory equipment. To be more precise, simulations are a technology used with an educational purpose which is to transform theoretical knowledge into ‘practical’ skills and they are software programs which replicate the basic components of the real world to provide controlled learning environments [4]. VLabs provide a great opportunity for scientists from different countries of the world to effectively participate in various unique experiments. Effectively, such a project serves to expand and integrate resources by disseminating their experiences around the world in a variety of ways. In education In education, VLabs can address a simulation environment that affects the environment and people, or that has an interface with real laboratory equipment. The VLab environment can also be integrated with management systems such as Moodle or edX. The management systems can provide researchers scores for the subjects being taught and allows some observations to be made on participants (students) for diverse statistical analysis on the effectiveness of educational technology [7]. The virtual training laboratory is in line with the idea of open and distance learning, reducing logistics problems in the learning process. At the same time, to further enhance the world's image in the near future by educating young people who can use the existing natural resources wisely, create a new shape of our natural world, use limitless power of nature for solving universe's problems, modernize production is one of the urgent tasks facing any country. Typically, the main focus of the virtual learning environment is on theoretical concepts, but in many areas, 74

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the study of theoretical foundations is very important, and in science and engineering curricula, knowledge of both theoretical and practical applications is an integral aspect. Moreover, the limited experimental infrastructure and time constraints in many educational institutions make it difficult to ensure that all students learn these basic concepts. With providing access to systems which are otherwise inaccessible for reasons such as safety, cost and size, VLabs have considerable educational potential, they provide an opportunity to 'learn by doing'. Well, through our software and the technologies we have created, we have a chance of to see with our own eyes the most advanced technologies of science [5], the complete new fields of science that have demanded a great deal of imagination from us. We can also participate in research based on problems that have not yet

been solved and contribute to the development of secular research. In this way, you can not only learn the knowledge, the research that the industry giants have based on VLabs, but also participate in finding answers to many questions that need to be solved. So, why don’t we take an advantage of it when we have the opportunity to participate in this research? Isn't this the best way to share expensive technologies with the world and find solutions to research problems? Today it is no secret that VLab includes projects that present research problems to users in the form of various games, store game results in a database during the gaming, and finally find optimal solutions among these results. The benefits of research centers in providing Internet versions of their laboratories to the world scientific community are reflected in this issue.

Figure 1. Solving problems of usage of virtual labs in e-learning Jadval 1. A more in-depth analysis of the feature table above is presented as follows: Due to cost reasons and resource availability, not all high schools and universities are ‘Limitless’ recourses and equipped with sufficient lab equipment to teach important lab techniques. Today Vlab access can be the optimal solution to this problem. Really few students have unlimited time to spend in a real lab due to safety and cost reasons. At the same time, many experiments are time consuming, and a lot of time can be spent on ‘Limitless’ time waiting for them to complete. Additionally, students sometimes feel the pressure of finishing experiments quickly. As a consequence, students’ attention can shift from understanding the experiment well to just getting it done. Studying with an active learning environment significantly increase students’ motivation and efficiency to learn and engage in the content of their course. Additionally, students tend to High student motivation become confused and eventually disengaged if they cannot see or understand the real-world and engagement relevance of what they are researching on. Down the road, you risk ending up with unmotivated students, some of whom eventually drop out The simplification of Lack of or without active visual tools, it can be incredibly hard to explain to students the teaching complex theochallenges of certain scientific concepts retical topics The danger of making As Safety is of the utmost importance when working in a lab, but students tend to be unpremistakes in high risk pared for the experiments they are engaging in, and don’t even know what can happen if environments something really goes wrong, putting them at risk when working in a real lab There are many questions involving ethics in the researches that test or dissect parts of aniIssues regarding ethics mals that teachers must consider. Because it is against to the ethical for students to experiment with certain animals, students rarely get the chance to learn about these experiments 75

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With little-or-no lab access, most students don’t feel prepared and confident enough to carry Unprepared students and out experiments in a lab. At the same time, students often have different starting points, leavknowledge gaps ing knowledge gaps among students In the process of designing and building a virtual laboratory environment, research institutions should take into account some important features (i.e. cost, performance, software license, network connectivity, virtual lab management, and support). Bearing in mind that these features are also directly related to Vlab types, they must choose a model appropriate according to personal needs [9]. Types of VLab Also, according to the organization of VLab, that is, to what extent it is connected with the physical laboratory - in terms of the interface between the user and the laboratory environment, laboratories are of two types: 1) with desktop computer or 2) with virtual reality.

At the same time, it is no exaggeration to say that these new technologies have proven the no boundary of scientific research and the ability of scientists from all over the world to work together on today’s global problems. Basic issues in constructing virtual laboratories As already mentioned, the typical VLab performance needs only the World Wide Web, a computer with standard characteristics, and an internet connection. Naturally, depending on the type of VLab, different technologies, software and hardware are also required, and on the other hand, the development of tools and techniques used in virtual laboratories in general is also directly related to the type of laboratory.

Figure 2. Types and features of VLabs plete absence of direct contact with a real installation but also, it gives you a limitless opportunity of intending in world’s many science researches. So that VLab is now being used for preparing researchers for the real physical laboratories in advance using tighter budgets. Today, the most advanced laboratories of the world’s leading educational institutions have offered an online version of the laboratories for use by the world scientific community and the process continues to this day [8] because of the benefits it brings. As mentioned above, there are now several companies that allow scientists around the world to create online versions of their research and science-oriented laboratories, whose main goal is: Empowering the next generation of scientists to change the world. [1] INTEGRATING THE REAL QUANTUM LAB WITHIN THE QUANTUM VIRTUAL LABORATORY It should be noted that Quantum laboratory is the lab which creates quantum technologies, learn how to use (how to manage) quantum resources, using the most powerful power of nature that work according to the laws of quantum physics, quantum phenomena [10]. The Quantum VLab is really amazing that it can let everybody access and learn about the quantum engi-

The VLab with desktop computer displays with a standart desktop in 2D environment. You won’t need any VR engine while using the first kind of VLab, but there are a number of educational, understanding-based challenges that come with using this type of VLab. Problems: usage of VLab with desktop computers These problems include:  in mertological measurements [2]- in modern metrological attributes that are not obey to linear functions;  in control systems - based on non-linear parameters that are difficult to analyze in two-dimensional space;  and in general, such laboratories are very difficult for experiments in complex parameter-dependent environments to be impossible to control and compute in two-dimensional space. The VLab with virtual reality [6] is the most advanced and still developing field of the e-learning with its 3D effect and, having been developed with special simulations, including an interactive 3D simulation of this system that allows to reduce the aforementioned problems. A VLab is a piece of hardware and software that allows you not only to experiment in the absence or com76

№ 32 (161), 2020 . • As mentioned above, quantum technology requires very high level of precision and all-round perfection, and creating this necessity is a huge challenge for this industry. In this case, it would be useful for an experienced scientist to do some experimentation before entering a real lab with a high risk environment. Another example of progressions of quantum technology is Microsoft’s Quantum Development Kit (QDK) program for the Quantum system, which collects user results / codes (quantum solutions) from users around the world into a database created using Azure Cloud. Microsoft's Azure Cloud technology is a perfect environment for quantum processing and deployment using its huge capabilities. Because quantum and classical computing work together, this technology combines the users’ solutions collected in the database, simplifies the processes of quantum and classical computing, and this huge amount of results are tested on a quantum computer to find the most optimal solutions. So, if you are working on quantum programming language (Q#), your quantum solutions (codes) will be deployed from within Microsoft’s Azure, using the quantum computer as a coprocessor. Developers are able to create a simplified experience by enabling quantum processing as well as classic processing with the data stored in Azure. Conclusion: Thus, from year to year, the field of application of Vlabs is expanding, and accordingly, both the types of Vlabs and the new technologies used in them, are developing. This is leading to the further development of e-learning and the opening of huge opportunities for all and very complex areas of research. In summary, the usage of VLabs is very useful in the fields of education and research because it brings complex theoretical issues to life through mathematical simulation and makes it easier for the user to learn interactive and challenging issues. As a final word, as research in the field of science deepens and the demand and attention to intellectual resources grows, the importance of virtual laboratories in scientific research, as well as in education, will continue to grow.

neering, from simple simulations as atom manipulators to the whole “legendary” quantum computers. Both from the engineering side, the real lab uses very expensive/costly technologies for making the environment for the quantum computer’s stabile working, and also the software-oriented data that is being currently developed by quantum technology requires enormous technical potential. The Quantum VLab is not only consisted of the simulations but also, it includes guideline experiences, videos about the basic concepts of the field, quizzes based on what you have learnt and the hottest news in the quantum field. In addition to making the online version of the quantum laboratory available to students and independent researchers among some countries in the EU, they also want to share their existing quantum physical resources with the world's youth (i.e. by attracting new intellectual resources to the field), they organize open weeks to quantum scientific institutes of the world with the potential availability in this field to learn the basics of quantum physics. In fact the Microsoft Quantum Labs are a network of sites which share Microsoft’s goal of developing and building the world’s first general-purpose scalable quantum computer, bringing to bear the best of private and public sector talent, resources, and infrastructure [11]. The importance of Quantum lab virtualization in the development of quantum technology industry is so great that nearly all researches cannot be imagined without VLab [12]. Let’s take a brief look at the issues of using VLab in this field: • Quantum VLabs use modern technologies such as the collecting of new experimental results in this field. These databases has great importance for research (i.e. the number of possible quantum states is "infinite", so collecting the states in a database is really useful for analyzing them). An example of this is the many Quantum games based on systems that collect quantum data such as quantum paths, created over the years. • Huge databases are being created to develop not only the mechanical and technical aspects, but also the software aspects of the Quantum programming language and controlling quantum topology.

References: 1. The Complete Guide to Virtual Labs 2. Ernesto Fabregas, Sebasti´an Dormido-Canto, Sebasti´an Dormido. Virtual and Remote Laboratory with the Ball and Plate System. IFAC PapersOnLine 50-1 (2017) 9132–9137 3. Abdullah Ambusaidi1, Ali Al Musawi, Sulaiman Al-Balushi, Khadija Al-Balushi. (2018). The Impact of Virtual Lab Learning Experiences on 9th Grade Students’ Achievement and Their Attitudes Towards Science and Learning by Virtual Lab. Journal of Turkish Science Education. 15(2),13-29. doi:10.12973/tused.10227a 4. Gülsüm Aşıksoy, Didem Islek. (2017). The Impact of the Virtual Laboratory on Students’ Attitudes in a General Physics Laboratory. iJOE ‒ Vol. 13, No. 4, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i04.6811 5. Javier Sotomayor-Moriano, Gustavo Pérez-Zúñiga, Mario Soto. A Virtual Laboratory Environment for Control Design of a Multivariable Process. IFAC PapersOnLine 52-9 (2019) 15–20. 6. Pascalis Trentsios, Mario Wolf, Sulamith Frerich. Remote Lab meets Virtual Reality – Enabling immersive access to high tech laboratories from afar. 17th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, Procedia Manufacturing 43 (2020) 25–31 7. A.Ballu, X. Yan, A. Blanchard, T. Clet, S. Mouton, H. Niandou. Virtual metrology laboratory for e-learning. 14th CIRP Conference on Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT), Procedia CIRP 43 ( 2016 ) 148 – 153 77

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Joshy Alphonse, Shyam Diwakar. Deploying a Web-based Electroencephalography Data Analysis Virtual Laboratory. Third International Conference on Computing and Network Communications (CoCoNet’19), Procedia Computer Science 171 (2020) 2420–2425 9. https://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2012/02/virtual-labs-project-launched-by-mhrd-under-nmeict/ 10. https://www.scienceathome.org/education/quantum-tools/vlab/ 11. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/quantum?rtc=1

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O'ZBEK TILIDA MAQOLALAR PEDAGOGIKA MASOFAVIY O'QITISHNI SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI BOSQICHLARI Musamedova Kamola Abdulxakovna Toshkent davlat transport universiteti Mirobod akademik liseyi oʼqituvshisi, Oʼzbekiston, Toshkent

STAGES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING Musamedova Kamola Abdulkhakovna Teacher of Mirabad Academic Lyceum, Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan, Tashkent ANNOTATSIYA Ushbu maqolada masofaviy o'qitishni shakllanishi va rivojlanishi bosqichlaridagi gahon ta'lim amaliyotini o'rganish asosida ko'rib chiqilgan. ABSTRACT This paper discusses distance learning based on a study of global learning practices in the formation and development stages. Kalit so'zlar: masofaviy o'qitish, barcha ta'lim turlari, taʼlimni tashkil etish. Keywords: distance learning, all types of education, organization of education. Oʼzbekiston dunyo oliy taʼlim tizimi maydonida oʼz oʼrnini egallashga intilayotgan bir paytda masofaviy taʼlimni tashkil etish va yoʼlga qoʼyish ayni dolzarb masala hisoblanadi. Bugungi pandemiya sharoitida respublika miqyosida amalga oshirilayotgan masofaviy taʼlimning yutuqlari bilan birga, bir talay muammolarga ham duch keldik. Oʼylaymanki, masofaviy taʼlimni tashkil etish va yoʼlga qoʼyish boʼyicha oʼtkazilayotgan konferentsiyalarda va ilmiy jurnallarda muhokama qilinayotgan mavzular ana shunday muammolarni bartaraf etishda, jiddiy ilmiy oʼsishlar va amaliy tajriba orttirishda katta yordam beradi. «Taʼlim toʼgʼrisida»gi Oʼzbekiston Respublikasi qonunida ishlab chiqarishdan ajralgan va ajralmagan holda kunduzgi, sirtqi hamda kechki taʼlim olish shakllari belgilangan boʼlib, masofaviy taʼlim shakli ushbu qonun hujjatida koʼzda tutilmagan edi. mmo yurtimizda soʼnggi yillarda taʼlim sohasida olib borilayotgan ijobiy islohotlar tufayli Oʼzbekiston Respublikasining «Taʼlim toʼgʼrisida»gi qonunining yangi tahrirdagi loyihasi tayyorlangan va tegishli manfaatdor vazirlik hamda idoralar bilan kelishilgan holda Oliy Majlis Qonunchilik palatasiga kiritilgan. yni paytda ikkinchi oʼqishga tayyorgarlik jarayonida qoʼmitalar tomonidan muhokama qilinmoqda. Mazkur qonun loyihasida masofaviy taʼlim shaklida taʼlim olib borish ham kiritilgan. Shuningdek, 2020 yil davlat dasturida ham yangi oʼquv yilidan boshlab respublikamizdagi 4 ta oliy taʼlim muassasalarida masofaviy taʼlim shaklida taʼlimni tashkil etish rejalashtirilgan». Ochiq ta'limni sintetik ta'lim shakli deb hisoblash mumkin, unda ma'lum bo'lgan barcha ta'lim turlari organik ravishda birlashtiriladi - kunduzgi, sirtqi, sirtqi

o'qishlar, o'z-o'zini tarbiyalash, oilaviy ta'lim (A.A. Andreev, S.L. Kaplan, V.I. Soldatkin). Ochiq ta'lim tizimining ajralmas qismi bu shakllanish va rivojlanishning bir necha bosqichlarini bosib o'tgan masofaviy o'qitishning pedagogik texnologiyalaridir [16]. Birinchi bosqich masofaviy o'qitish bo'lib, unda treninglar sxemasi bo'yicha tashkil etiladi: "o'qituvchi bir yoki bir nechta talaba". Bunday holda o'qituvchilar va talabalar o'rtasida aloqa vositalarining turlari kam: oddiy pochta, telefon, mahalliy kompyuter tarmoqlari. Ushbu bosqichda masofadan o'qitish vositalaridan foydalanishda izchillik va to'liqlik mavjud emas edi. Ikkinchi bosqich - masofaviy o'qitish, bu erda o'qitish "o'qituvchi - ko'plab talabalar" sifatida tavsiflanishi mumkin. Ushbu bosqichda aloqa turlari ko'payib bora boshladi va murakkablasha boshladi, shu jumladan video va audio kassetalar, kompyuter dasturlari, video ma'ruzalar va boshqalar. Uchinchi bosqich - Internet orqali masofadan o'qitishni amalga oshirish. Internetdan foydalanuvchilar soni doimiy ravishda ko'payib bormoqda. Onlayn ta'lim an'anaviy ta'lim shakllarining jiddiy muqobiliga aylandi. Hozirda biz masofaviy ta'limning barcha ma'lum shakllari va usullaridan foydalangan holda o'qitishning integral virtual o'qitish texnologiyasiga asoslangan holda masofadan o'qitishning rivojlanishidagi to'rtinchi (integratsiya) bosqich haqida gaplashamiz [7-14]. Jahon ta'lim amaliyotini o'rganish shuni ko'rsatadiki, masofaviy ta'lim nafaqat ta'lim tizimlari ichida, balki biznes sohasida kadrlar tayyorlashga asosiy e'tiborni qaratgan alohida tijorat kompaniyalari tomonidan ham rivojlanib bormoqda. Xususiy korporativ ta'lim tarmoqlari General Motors, J.C. Penney, Ford, Walmart 82

№ 32 (161), 2020 . Chet elda masofadan o'qitishni rivojlantirish uzoq vaqtdan beri axborot texnologiyalaridan foydalanish bilan bog'liq (televidenie va radio kurslari, turli bosma qo'llanmalardan keng foydalanish, veb-resurslardan, Internet texnologiyalaridan foydalanish va boshqalar). Ochiq universitetlarning katta tarmog'ida o'qitish o'nlab yillar davomida shu tarzda qurilgan. Bu qisman atamaning o'zida aks etadi. Masofaviy o'qitish ilgari chet tilidagi versiyada "yozishmalar" (yozishmalar - pochta, yozishmalar) kabi yangragan. "Masofaviy o'qitish" atamasi ushbu shaklning asosiy xususiyatini ta'kidlaydi - chegarasiz, har kim uchun ochiq va hamma uchun qulay, odam yashash joyidan qat'i nazar, o'rganish, o'z-o'zini o'qitish emas. Masofaviy o'qitish texnologik asos sifatida yangi axborot texnologiyalari va ommaviy axborot vositalarining zamonaviy (radio, televizion, shu jumladan kabel, faks) va eng yangi (audio, televizion va videokonferentsiyalar, multimedia va gipermedia, kompyuter telekommunikatsiyasi). So'nggi yigirma yil ichida masofaviy ta'lim nafaqat o'z nomini oldi, balki texnologik yutuq - yangi aloqa texnologiyalaridan (kompyuter telekommunikatsiyalari, sun'iy yo'ldosh aloqalari, audio va video texnologiyalar) foydalanish tufayli masofadan o'qitish tizimidan ajralib chiqdi, bu esa ishtirokchilar o'rtasida doimiy o'zaro ta'sirni (interaktivlikni) ta'minlashga imkon berdi, birbiridan geografik masofasidan qat'i nazar, o'rganish. O'quv jarayonining barcha ishtirokchilari (o'qituvchilar va tinglovchilar) o'rtasidagi doimiy aloqalarda, tezkor qayta aloqa, tinglovchilarning o'quv faoliyati ustidan doimiy nazorat mavjudligida ifodalangan o'quv jarayonining yuqori interfaolligi butun bilish jarayoniga chinakam o'qituvchi xarakter beradi. Interfaollikning yuqori darajasi masofaviy o'qitish vositasi sifatida ishlatiladigan tarmoq axborot resurslari, masalan, Internet darsliklari, World Wide Web texnologiyasida ishlab chiqarilgan tarmoqdagi ma'lumotlarni olish tizimlari va boshqalar bilan ham ajralib turadi. Xulosa. Bizning fikrimizcha, masofaviy ta'lim quyidagi ijtimoiy ahamiyatga ega funktsiyalarni bajarishi kerak: • aholining ta'lim xizmatlariga bo'lgan ehtiyojlarini qondirish; • mamlakatning yuqori malakali mutaxassislarga bo'lgan ehtiyojini qondirish; • ta'lim sifati va jamiyatdagi ta'lim darajasini oshirish; • aholining ijtimoiy va kasbiy harakatchanligini oshirish; • joylashuvidan qat'i nazar, sifatli ta'lim olish imkoniyatini beradigan yagona ta'lim maydonini rivojlantirish. Masofaviy ta'limni shakllantirish manbai ikkinchisining ta'lim xizmatlarini iste'molchisiga yo'naltirilganligi kontseptsiyasi, butun o'quv jarayonining shaxsga yo'naltirilganligi, har bir o'quvchi tomonidan ta'lim mazmunini o'zlashtirish uchun eng qulay sharoitlarni yaratish va shu bilan ta'lim olish jarayonida individual yondashuvni amalga oshirishdir.

va Federal Express. Ushbu tizimlarning aksariyati murakkabligi va miqdori bo'yicha universitetlarda ishlab chiqilgan tizimlardan ancha oldinda. Xamdostlik mamlakatlari orasida, birinchi marta Rossiya Federatsiyasida masofaviy ta'limni rivojlantirish muammosi Rossiya Federatsiyasi Fan, oliy ta'lim va texnik siyosat vazirligining Oliy ta'lim qo'mitasi kengashida 09.06.1993 y., 9/1-sonli "Rossiya Federatsiyasida masofaviy ta'lim tizimini yaratish to'g'risida" gi qarorida ko'rib chiqildi, uning qarorida rivojlanish zarurligi ko'rsatilgan edi. Rossiyada masofaviy ta'limning yagona tizimi (SDE) kontseptsiyasi. Ushbu kontseptsiya Rossiya Oliy ta'lim davlat qo'mitasining 1995 yil 31 maydagi "Rossiyada masofaviy ta'limning yagona tizimini yaratish holati va istiqbollari to'g'risida" gi 6-sonli qaroriga muvofiq ishlab chiqilgan. Ammo ob'ektiv sabablarga ko'ra (byudjet mablag'lari etishmasligi sababli) ushbu kontseptsiya amalga oshirilmadi [15-21]. Rossiyada masofaviy ta'lim sobiq SSSRda muvaffaqiyatli bo'lgan masofaviy ta'lim tizimi asosida rivojlana boshladi, bu mashg'ulotlar davomida o'qituvchilar va talabalar o'rtasida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri aloqani o'z ichiga oladi, uning davomiyligi yiliga 50-60 kunni tashkil etadi, odatda ta'lim muassasasining o'zida. Yozma topshiriqlarni yuborish va ularga javob olishni anglatadigan yozishmalar muhim ahamiyatga ega emas, bu esa o'quv ma'lumotlarini almashish samaradorligini yo'qligini anglatadi. Shuning uchun ham ta'lim sifatini oshirish uchun ta'lim muassasalarining asosiy sa'y-harakatlari mashg'ulotlar davomida o'qish vaqtini ko'paytirish va o'qitish uslublarini takomillashtirishga qaratilgan. Oldindan qabul qilingan masofaviy o'qitishning yangi shakli o'rtasidagi tub farqi shundaki, masofaviy o'qitish ushbu jarayonni ta'limiy xususiyatga ega bo'lgan barcha xususiyatlarga ega bo'lgan zamonaviy ta'lim jarayonini tashkil etish imkoniyatini yaratadi (o'qituvchi zarur bo'lsa, o'quv materialini tushuntirish, tushuntirish qobiliyati, o'qitish va o'tkazish davomida o'qituvchi va talabalar bilan o'zaro muloqot qilish qobiliyati), munozaralar, testlar, oraliq va yakuniy, qo'shma vazifalarni bajarish, shu jumladan tadqiqot va ijodiy vazifalar), (M. Yu.Buxarkina, M.V. Moiseeva, M.I. Nejhurina, O.P. Okolelov, E.S. Polat E. S., I. V. Robert, E. K. Samerxanova, B. E. Starichenko, S. A. Shchennikov va boshqalar). Shu bilan birga, uni ta'limiy omil sifatida belgilaydigan barcha omillar ta'minlanadi (har bir o'quvchining, individual va guruhning faol bilim faoliyatini tashkil etish imkoniyati; samarali teskari aloqa, interaktivlik, o'quv jarayonining individualizatsiyasi va farqlanishini ta'minlash; o'quv va bilim faoliyati uchun barqaror motivatsiyani shakllantirish) [22-33]. Aslida, bu sirtqi ta'limning masofaviy o'qitish shakli bilan deyarli butun dunyoda rivojlanganligi sababli tubdan farq qiladi. Bu, garchi kafolat bo'lmasa (pedagogikada hech qanday kafolatlar bo'lishi mumkin emas, chunki bu tizim juda murakkab va ochiq), demak, har qanday holatda, talabalarning samarali ta'lim va bilim faoliyati uchun etarli darajada qulay sharoitlar yaratish imkoniyati mavjud.

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Articles inside

DESCRIPTION OF DIDACTIC TOPICS IN MAHMUD ZAMAKHSHARIY'S WORK " ATWOQU-Z-ZAHAB" Nizomiddin Ibrohimov

ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ȼɈɁȻɍɀȾȿɇɂə ɍȽɈɅɈȼɇɈȽɈ ȾȿɅȺ ɂ ɉɅȺɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɊȺɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə ȼɁəɌɈɑɇɂɋɌȼȺ Ʉɢɬɚɟɜ ɂɥɶяɫ Ⱥɞɚɦɨɜɢɱ

ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕȿ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɕ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə ɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂɃ ɈȻ ɂɋɄɈȼɈɃ ȾȺȼɇɈɋɌɂ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɆ ȽɊȺɀȾȺɇɋɄɈɆ ɉɊȺȼȿ Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɚ Ɍɚɬɶяɧɚ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɧɚ

ɄɈɇɋɌɂɌɍɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɉɊȺȼɈ ȽɊȺɀȾȺɇɂɇȺ ɇȺ ɋɍȾȿȻɇɍɘ ɁȺɓɂɌɍ ɉɊȺȼ ɂ ɋȼɈȻɈȾ ɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ ȿɜɥɨɟɜɚ Ⱦɢɚɧɚ ɏɚɫɚɧɨɜɧɚ

ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆȺ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂə ɋɉɂɋɄɈȼ ɄȺɇȾɂȾȺɌɈȼ ȼ ɉɊɂɋəɀɇɕȿ ɁȺɋȿȾȺɌȿɅɂ Ȼɚɞɟɟɜɚ Ⱦɚɪɶя Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɟɜɧɚ

ɋɈȼȿɊɒȿɇɇȺə ɍɋɌȺȼɇȺə ɢ ɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇȺə ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɖ ɋɍȻɔȿɄɌȺ, ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑɂȼȺɘɓȺə ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈȿ ɂ ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɇɈȿ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿ ɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂə ɒɚɢɦɨɜ ɏɭɫɟɢɧ

ɍȽɈɅɈȼɇɈ ɉɊȺȼɈȼɈɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɆɈɊɋɄɈȽɈ ɉɂɊȺɌɋɌȼȺ Ⱥɡɪɚɩɤɢɧ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɣ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱ

ɆɈɊɎɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɌȿɊɆɂɇɈȼ ɋɎȿɊɕ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɂ ȻɂɈɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ȼɈ ɎɊȺɇɐɍɁɋɄɈɆ əɁɕɄȿ ɏɜɨɫɬɟɧɤɨ Ɍɚɬɶяɧɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚ

ɂɋɌɈɊɂə ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂə ɎȿɇɈɆȿɇȺ ɈɆɈɇɂɆɂɂ ȼ ɌɘɊɄɈɅɈȽɂɂ əɁɕɄɈɁɇȺɇɂɂ Ƚɭɥяɦɨɜɚ ɒɚɯɧɨɡɚ Ʉɚɯɪɚɦɨɧɨɜɧɚ

ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ ɋɄȼȺɀɂɇ ɋ ɉɈɇɂɀȿɇɇɕɆ ȾȿȻɂɌɈɆ ɇȺ ɍɊȿɇȽɈɃɋɄɈɆ ɇȽɄɆ Ɋɵɛɪɢɣ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ

ɂɇɌȿɅɅȿɄɌɍȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɋȿɌɂ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɋɇȺȻɀȿɇɂə. ɄɈɇɐȿɉɐɂə SMART GRID ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ Ⱥɧɚɫɬɚɫɢя ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɧɚ ɇɨɫɚɱɟɜɚ Ɍɚɬɶяɧɚ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ

ɈɋɇɈȼɇɈȿ ɍɊȺȼɇȿɇɂȿ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼȿȾȿɇɂə Ⱥɦɨɫɨɜ ȿɜɝɟɧɢɣ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ

PSYSCANNER ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɃ ɆȿɌɈȾ ɂɇɋɌɊɍɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɂɁɆȿɊȿɇɂɃ ɉɋɂɏɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ȼ ɋɉɈɊɌɂȼɇɈɃ ɉɋɂɏɈɅɈȽɂɂ Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜ ɂɝɨɪɶ Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜɢɱ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ ɘɪɶɟɜɢɱ

ɉȿȾȺȽɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɄɈɇɎɅɂɄɌɕ ɂ ɉɍɌɂ ɂɏ ɊȺɁɊȿɒȿɇɂə ɋɤɨɬɚɪɟɧɤɨ ȿɥɟɧɚ Ʌɟɨɧɢɞɨɜɧɚ

ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɆɈɌɂȼȺɐɂɂ ȼ ɈɋɇɈȼɇɈɃ ɒɄɈɅȿ: ɉɈɂɋɄ ɋɆɕɋɅɈȼ Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ Ⱥɧɧɚ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ Ɋɵɬɜɢɧɫɤɚя Ɉɥɶɝɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɧɚ ȼɨɪɨɧɢɧ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɢɱ

ɉȿȾȺȽɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɈȻɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂɄɌ ɇȺ ɍɊɈɄȺɏ ɂɁɈȻɊȺɁɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɂɋɄɍɋɋɌȼȺ ɋɚɧɝɢɪɨɜ ɏɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɍɫɚɪɨɜɢɱ

ɀɂɅɂɓɇɕɃ ɎɈɇȾ ɈɊɅɈȼɋɄɈɃ ɈȻɅȺɋɌɂ: ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɂ ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə Ȼɚɪɫɤɚя Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɧɚ ɉɢɬɟɥɶ Ɍɚɬɶяɧɚ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɧɚ

ɇɊȺȼɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȿ ȼɈɋɉɂɌȺɇɂȿ ɒɄɈɅɖɇɂɄɈȼ ɋɊȿȾɇȿȽɈ ȼɈɁɊȺɋɌȺ Ⱥɝɚɮɨɧɨɜ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɢɱ

ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɆɍɅɖɌɂɉɅɂɄȺɐɂɂ ȼ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂɂ ɄɈɆɆɍɇɂɄȺɐɂɂ ȾɈɒɄɈɅɖɇɂɄɈȼ ɋ ɇȿȾɈɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿɆ Ɋȿɑɂ Ƚɪɚɮ əɧɚ ɂɝɨɪɟɜɧɚ

ȼɇɍɌɊȿɇɇɂȿ ɆɂȽɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɕ ɊɈɋɋɂɂ ɋɟɬɢɧ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɣ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱ