Globalization And The Challenges of Public Administration

Page 118

110

H.A. KHAN

Ethics in Contracting Both contracting and outsourcing have become synonymous with globalization. However, they have also blurred the issues of ethics and accountability. The procedures that are followed in contracting can pose serious problems of ethics, especially in the awarding of the contract. Sometimes, a contract is awarded without competition to a company of the administrator’s choice. Corruption causes inefficiencies by reducing competition and favoring insiders with information, thereby bringing about additional transactions costs (Zekos 2004). The problem of bid-rigging is quite acute in developing nations, which are often characterized by patrimonialism. Under these regimes, government contracts are used as the primary means to satisfy the donors and supporters, relatives and the family. It is crucial, therefore, for the leadership to ensure ethical conduct in contracting. To maximize their gains, the government officials favor an inefficient level, composition, and time path of investment (Zekos 2004). Corrupt officials are likely to select an inefficient contractor, who prefers to sacrifice the value of the project (Zekos 2004). In an environment of unethical bidding, reputed companies will be passed over for the inefficient contractors who do not emphasize the quality of the projects and thereby damaging public good. According to Klitgaard (1988, p. 26), “corruption thrives when monopoly power is combined with discretion and low accountability. Incentives to bribery do not arise in a society where all economic activities are carried out in a perfect competition setting and no single agent is able to affect the price or the quantity of the commodity he/she sells or buys. Conversely, corruption is more pervasive when the state is federal, when a country’s democratic basis is still young less than 20 years or when a country is less open to trade.” The higher regulations for international investment encourage potential businesses to bribe the officials of the host countries to lower competition, which helps large rents increasing the number of bribes (Asongu 2014). However, with the advocacy of New Public Management and Reinventing Government programs, there is an emphasis on improving regulations. The advocates of good governance are emphasizing regularity quality. The easing of regulations may discourage the bribes, but it can cause other problems slackening the rules on business, labor, and environment-­promoting abuses. These examples show a variety of ways in which bribes and other types of corruption are tolerated in different countries. However, it is very


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Articles inside

Index

12min
pages 207-216

Appendix

2min
pages 203-206

8 Conclusion

1min
pages 201-202

References

11min
pages 193-200

Equity and Environmental Justice

4min
pages 185-186

Public Procurement

1min
page 189

International Trade and Sustainability

1min
page 184

International Collaboration

1min
page 183

Ideological Divide

3min
pages 181-182

Cooperation Between the Public and Private Sectors

1min
page 179

Institutional Capacity

1min
page 178

What Is Sustainability?

1min
page 171

The Evolution of Environment Policy

6min
pages 172-174

7 Globalization and Sustainability

3min
pages 169-170

Developing the Mission on Sustainability

1min
page 177

Consequences of Climate Change

1min
page 175

Planning and Policy-Making

1min
page 176

References

7min
pages 164-168

Dependent Variable = E-Governance

1min
page 162

Training and Learning

1min
page 160

E-Governance and Trust

1min
page 159

The Challenges of Local Government

1min
page 157

The Reduction of Corruption

1min
page 158

Social Media

1min
page 156

Must Be Citizen Centered

2min
page 155

Human Connections

1min
page 154

Security

1min
page 152

Flexi-Time/Flexi-Place

1min
page 150

Participation and E-Democracy

5min
pages 147-149

Transparency and Accountability

2min
page 146

6 The Challenges of E-Governance in Public Administration

3min
pages 143-144

References

8min
pages 137-142

Improvement in Efficiency

1min
page 145

Justice

1min
page 130

Fairness

2min
page 129

Ethical Decision-Making

1min
page 126

Organizational Politics and Ethics

1min
page 125

Privatization Movement and Ethics

3min
pages 119-120

Moral/Ethical Leadership

4min
pages 122-123

Challenges of Maintaining Privacy

2min
page 124

Ethics in Contracting

1min
page 118

Globalization and Corruption

3min
pages 116-117

Ethics for Good Governance

1min
page 115

5 Ethics and Accountability and the Challenges

3min
pages 109-110

References

14min
pages 100-108

Crisis Leadership

6min
pages 96-99

Organizational Culture and Leadership

1min
page 93

Partnership, Collaboration, and Leadership

1min
page 95

Moral and Ethical Leadership

1min
page 92

Transformational Leadership

2min
pages 90-91

Cultural Competence and Leadership

4min
pages 87-89

What Kinds of Leadership Skills?

3min
pages 84-85

References

13min
pages 69-76

4 Globalization and Leadership Challenges

2min
pages 77-78

Leadership Theories

6min
pages 79-81

Spreadable Diseases

2min
page 67

Strategic Planning and Human Resource Management

1min
page 61

Diversity

3min
pages 64-65

The Challenge of Cultural Competence

3min
pages 62-63

Challenges of Participation

1min
page 60

Motivation

2min
page 54

Implement a Change Culture

4min
pages 57-58

Technology and Training

3min
pages 55-56

Productivity/Performance

3min
pages 52-53

Decentralization

1min
page 51

Compensation

3min
pages 47-48

Public Service Ethics

2min
page 49

Demand for Accountability

1min
page 46

Loss of Prestige in Government Employment

3min
pages 43-44

Loss of the Tenure System

2min
page 45

The Challenges of Recruitment

1min
page 42

References

9min
pages 35-40

Capacity Building and Challenges

1min
page 34

Public Enterprises

1min
page 31

The Rise of Civil Society

1min
page 21

Globalization of Demands

2min
page 17

Globalization

1min
page 16

Innovation

1min
page 19

Openness and Transparency

1min
page 18
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