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and corruption are interrelated, acting in concert with one another. In May 2016, the civil society organizations in Mexico collected more than 630,000 signatures and proposed an initiative called d “3 de 3”—or “3 out of 3”—which would require government officials to reveal their assets and potential conflicts of interest, and to provide the documentation on the payment of their taxes. Corruption is so woven into daily life in Mexico that it has been enshrined in a common saying: “El que no transa, no avanza”—“He who doesn’t cheat doesn’t get ahead” (Semple 2016). The “worst problems and challenges faced by Mexico are directly caused or aggravated by corruption,” according to Juan E. Pardinas, the managing director of the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, a research group that has helped to lead the citizens’ push for the initiative (Semple 2016). The social scientists suggested changing the strategies from controlling drug trafficking to combating corruption. In a country characterized by a weak rule of law, criminals realize that they can get away with any crime committed by them by paying bribes. As a result, the challenge of public governance is to establish the rule of law to punish the criminals. Nevertheless, all public agencies are under pressure to publicize the steps taken to control corruption. The pressure is more intense in the developing world than it is in developed countries. Public administrators in the developed world realize that they have to suffer serious consequences in the case of corruption and other ethical violations. Unfortunately, in many developing countries, as a result of the weak rule of law and the lack of an independent judiciary, the public administrators may not suffer the consequences. Efforts to enforce ethical principles may be unsuccessful in an environment of a weakening rule of law and a weak judicial system. Developing countries need an improvement on the enforcement of law, and strengthening of the judiciary before the implementation of ethical principles.
Moral/Ethical Leadership With the rise of complex problems and increased scrutiny as a result of the openness, there is a greater demand for moral leadership in the world. Moral leadership demands solutions to the severe and complex problems faced by the world: hunger, poverty, terrorism, drug and human trafficking, income inequality, health care, discrimination, and environmental degradation. Globalization has led to an understanding of the common problems that people in the world face. There is a realization of the global
