Globalization And The Challenges of Public Administration

Page 49

40

H.A. KHAN

salaries. For example, a modern family needs computer, television, iPhones, cable TVs, cars, and all the appliances to have what is regarded just a basic living. All these necessities are expensive. The salaries are not keeping up with the necessities of life, and this is a more serious issue in public sector jobs because governments have to increase taxation to fund public sector salaries. In developing countries, the low levels of salaries pressure the bureaucrats to resort to bribes and other types of corruption. Accordingly, increasing the salary may eliminate the propensity to engage in bribes. Under a low salary, the honest bureaucrats suffer from low esteem and morale because they are unable to maintain a decent living. Because of their higher standard of ethics, they cannot take bribes, and at the same time, cannot afford to live a decent life with the government salary. With increasing job opportunities and attractive salary and benefits in the private sector, developing countries may begin to face the same problems like the developed world in recruiting and retaining the public employees. Based on a recent GAO (General Accounting Office 2017) report, the compensation gap between federal employees and private sector employees has widened since 2012. There is an increasing number of Senior Executive Service (SES) employees, who are leaving the government. Based on an OPM survey, 40 percent of the SES employees who want to leave the federal government responded that they would stay if the salary is increased (Corrigan 2017). The governments may consider providing attractive salary and benefits to public servants who serve for a long time. Moreover, the demand for privatization and outsourcing has also led to a diminution of benefits, which were once attractive factors for public service jobs. Compensation must be broadly competitive with that offered in the private sector to attract qualified individuals into public service. However, with growing pressures on a reduced budget, it is difficult to provide a competitive salary and benefits for government jobs. In the absence of a competitive salary, public service can provide other opportunities such as tenure and pensions. With the growth of part-time, contracted, and At-Will employment, the public services lost most of the drawing factors to attract qualified individuals. In this situation, the government can resort to a leaner bureaucracy with the attractive salary and benefits. As a result, those who remain in government services can be satisfied and committed to their jobs. In most countries, grades determine the compensation. However, with the rise of the demands for the specialized employees in different fields, the qualification and experience can determine the compensation rather than the


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Articles inside

Index

12min
pages 207-216

Appendix

2min
pages 203-206

8 Conclusion

1min
pages 201-202

References

11min
pages 193-200

Equity and Environmental Justice

4min
pages 185-186

Public Procurement

1min
page 189

International Trade and Sustainability

1min
page 184

International Collaboration

1min
page 183

Ideological Divide

3min
pages 181-182

Cooperation Between the Public and Private Sectors

1min
page 179

Institutional Capacity

1min
page 178

What Is Sustainability?

1min
page 171

The Evolution of Environment Policy

6min
pages 172-174

7 Globalization and Sustainability

3min
pages 169-170

Developing the Mission on Sustainability

1min
page 177

Consequences of Climate Change

1min
page 175

Planning and Policy-Making

1min
page 176

References

7min
pages 164-168

Dependent Variable = E-Governance

1min
page 162

Training and Learning

1min
page 160

E-Governance and Trust

1min
page 159

The Challenges of Local Government

1min
page 157

The Reduction of Corruption

1min
page 158

Social Media

1min
page 156

Must Be Citizen Centered

2min
page 155

Human Connections

1min
page 154

Security

1min
page 152

Flexi-Time/Flexi-Place

1min
page 150

Participation and E-Democracy

5min
pages 147-149

Transparency and Accountability

2min
page 146

6 The Challenges of E-Governance in Public Administration

3min
pages 143-144

References

8min
pages 137-142

Improvement in Efficiency

1min
page 145

Justice

1min
page 130

Fairness

2min
page 129

Ethical Decision-Making

1min
page 126

Organizational Politics and Ethics

1min
page 125

Privatization Movement and Ethics

3min
pages 119-120

Moral/Ethical Leadership

4min
pages 122-123

Challenges of Maintaining Privacy

2min
page 124

Ethics in Contracting

1min
page 118

Globalization and Corruption

3min
pages 116-117

Ethics for Good Governance

1min
page 115

5 Ethics and Accountability and the Challenges

3min
pages 109-110

References

14min
pages 100-108

Crisis Leadership

6min
pages 96-99

Organizational Culture and Leadership

1min
page 93

Partnership, Collaboration, and Leadership

1min
page 95

Moral and Ethical Leadership

1min
page 92

Transformational Leadership

2min
pages 90-91

Cultural Competence and Leadership

4min
pages 87-89

What Kinds of Leadership Skills?

3min
pages 84-85

References

13min
pages 69-76

4 Globalization and Leadership Challenges

2min
pages 77-78

Leadership Theories

6min
pages 79-81

Spreadable Diseases

2min
page 67

Strategic Planning and Human Resource Management

1min
page 61

Diversity

3min
pages 64-65

The Challenge of Cultural Competence

3min
pages 62-63

Challenges of Participation

1min
page 60

Motivation

2min
page 54

Implement a Change Culture

4min
pages 57-58

Technology and Training

3min
pages 55-56

Productivity/Performance

3min
pages 52-53

Decentralization

1min
page 51

Compensation

3min
pages 47-48

Public Service Ethics

2min
page 49

Demand for Accountability

1min
page 46

Loss of Prestige in Government Employment

3min
pages 43-44

Loss of the Tenure System

2min
page 45

The Challenges of Recruitment

1min
page 42

References

9min
pages 35-40

Capacity Building and Challenges

1min
page 34

Public Enterprises

1min
page 31

The Rise of Civil Society

1min
page 21

Globalization of Demands

2min
page 17

Globalization

1min
page 16

Innovation

1min
page 19

Openness and Transparency

1min
page 18
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