Globalization And The Challenges of Public Administration

Page 54

GLOBALIZATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC…

45

However, it is often difficult to measure productivity in public service because it does not actually produce anything. Moreover, there are several variables that affect productivity. Globalization brought the emphasis on productivity to the forefront. Creating a global chain is a major activity of not only the private sector but also the public sector. In a globalized world, each country is forced to improve the economies of scale in order to be competitive. The economy of scale is important in the delivery of public services. The demand for the provision of better and efficient services is ever-present in the government. Based on Norman’s research (1995), there is a growing demand for increasing efficiency, which demonstrates results and outputs, especially in terms of budgeting for sources. The human resource management emphasizes results orientation, including a performance appraisal system. Another important element is to expand the time horizon for three years. Bonder et al. (2011) suggested Competency-Based Management, a relatively new approach to human resource management. Competency-Based Management is based on the idea that the major functions of personnel, staffing, and learning and performance management, around a competency profile for the work to be carried out. It focuses on talent management, which relies not only on examining the demographics of the employee population but also on an analysis of the competencies (the knowledge, skills and personal attributes) necessary to carry out the activities of the organizations (Bonder et al. 2011). It also focuses on gap analysis. As Lawler (1973) has pointed out, competencies refer to the skills, which are appropriate and unique to the organization and will provide core competencies and competitive advantage. Agor (1997) proposed the response of intellectual capital, which is defined as the intangible assets of skills, knowledge, and information. It can be regarded as a higher value asset. He proposed a human skill development program involving innovative and efficient thinking tools. Brain System Management (BSM) can be used to make decisions. This means the management of employees as individuals, rather than simply as part of a collective entity or by grade classification based on an evaluation of the performance of the individuals. Most of the OECD countries have adopted individual performance (UN 2005). One of the problems of performance measures is the emphasis on short-term gains. O’Toole and Meier (2015) suggest taking some initial steps in providing a theory by incorporating such contextual variables as political context (unitary versus shared powers, single or multiple-level, corporatist versus adversarial, with or


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Index

12min
pages 207-216

Appendix

2min
pages 203-206

8 Conclusion

1min
pages 201-202

References

11min
pages 193-200

Equity and Environmental Justice

4min
pages 185-186

Public Procurement

1min
page 189

International Trade and Sustainability

1min
page 184

International Collaboration

1min
page 183

Ideological Divide

3min
pages 181-182

Cooperation Between the Public and Private Sectors

1min
page 179

Institutional Capacity

1min
page 178

What Is Sustainability?

1min
page 171

The Evolution of Environment Policy

6min
pages 172-174

7 Globalization and Sustainability

3min
pages 169-170

Developing the Mission on Sustainability

1min
page 177

Consequences of Climate Change

1min
page 175

Planning and Policy-Making

1min
page 176

References

7min
pages 164-168

Dependent Variable = E-Governance

1min
page 162

Training and Learning

1min
page 160

E-Governance and Trust

1min
page 159

The Challenges of Local Government

1min
page 157

The Reduction of Corruption

1min
page 158

Social Media

1min
page 156

Must Be Citizen Centered

2min
page 155

Human Connections

1min
page 154

Security

1min
page 152

Flexi-Time/Flexi-Place

1min
page 150

Participation and E-Democracy

5min
pages 147-149

Transparency and Accountability

2min
page 146

6 The Challenges of E-Governance in Public Administration

3min
pages 143-144

References

8min
pages 137-142

Improvement in Efficiency

1min
page 145

Justice

1min
page 130

Fairness

2min
page 129

Ethical Decision-Making

1min
page 126

Organizational Politics and Ethics

1min
page 125

Privatization Movement and Ethics

3min
pages 119-120

Moral/Ethical Leadership

4min
pages 122-123

Challenges of Maintaining Privacy

2min
page 124

Ethics in Contracting

1min
page 118

Globalization and Corruption

3min
pages 116-117

Ethics for Good Governance

1min
page 115

5 Ethics and Accountability and the Challenges

3min
pages 109-110

References

14min
pages 100-108

Crisis Leadership

6min
pages 96-99

Organizational Culture and Leadership

1min
page 93

Partnership, Collaboration, and Leadership

1min
page 95

Moral and Ethical Leadership

1min
page 92

Transformational Leadership

2min
pages 90-91

Cultural Competence and Leadership

4min
pages 87-89

What Kinds of Leadership Skills?

3min
pages 84-85

References

13min
pages 69-76

4 Globalization and Leadership Challenges

2min
pages 77-78

Leadership Theories

6min
pages 79-81

Spreadable Diseases

2min
page 67

Strategic Planning and Human Resource Management

1min
page 61

Diversity

3min
pages 64-65

The Challenge of Cultural Competence

3min
pages 62-63

Challenges of Participation

1min
page 60

Motivation

2min
page 54

Implement a Change Culture

4min
pages 57-58

Technology and Training

3min
pages 55-56

Productivity/Performance

3min
pages 52-53

Decentralization

1min
page 51

Compensation

3min
pages 47-48

Public Service Ethics

2min
page 49

Demand for Accountability

1min
page 46

Loss of Prestige in Government Employment

3min
pages 43-44

Loss of the Tenure System

2min
page 45

The Challenges of Recruitment

1min
page 42

References

9min
pages 35-40

Capacity Building and Challenges

1min
page 34

Public Enterprises

1min
page 31

The Rise of Civil Society

1min
page 21

Globalization of Demands

2min
page 17

Globalization

1min
page 16

Innovation

1min
page 19

Openness and Transparency

1min
page 18
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