Alcantara, M.N.P.A since it takes a considerable amount of time to develop plans, apart from involving many actors, citizens, and stakeholders in the process. Hence, they might not have been able to incorporate the guidelines into their planning process on time.
Figure 7. Publication years
. Source: Author
Furthermore, twenty-one mobility/transport plans have been created/updated in the past ten years, and 2019 was the year that published more plans, six in total. Although the SUMP concept and guidelines are new, most EU capitals have been trying to embrace its approach in their strategic documents and urban development. One of the main reasons
gas emissions (European Union, 2022). Hence, changing the old-fashioned car-centric vision toward more sustainable transport modes has been one of the most pressing challenges for the EU lately. After all, EU capitals have been playing an essential role in changing the mobility paradigm. Thus, this research has selected five cases among the twenty-seven previously shown to
20 Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans [SUMPs] and the transition behind planning paradigms
