8.8 Place complements
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vor ( dative) — cont. sich hüten vor retten vor sich scheuen vor
beware of save from shy away from
schützen vor verstecken vor warnen vor
protect from hide from warn against
NB Related expressions use the same preposition, e.g. Warnung vor dem Hunde (Beware of the dog), Er hat Angst vor dem Hund (He’s afraid of the dog). NB See 5.3 for the variable case of the preposition vor in other contexts.
Zu zu ( dative) berechtigen zu dienen zu einladen zu ermutigen zu führen zu gehören zu gratulieren zu
entitle to serve as invite to encourage to lead to be part/one of congratulate on
herausfordern zu neigen zu raten zu treiben zu überreden zu verführen zu zwingen zu
challenge to tend to advise to drive to persuade to tempt to compel to
Many of these verbs are commonly used with an additional object:
zu ( dative) accusative object jemanden zu etwas ermutigen/herausfordern/ treiben/überreden/verführen/zwingen Sie überredeten mich zu dem Ausflug.
They persuaded me to go on the trip.
jemanden zu jemandem/etwas einladen Ich lade dich zu meiner Party ein.
I’ll invite you to my party.
zu ( dative) dative object jemandem zu etwas raten Sie riet mir zu dem billigeren Modell.
She recommended (that I buy) the cheaper model.
jemandem zu etwas gratulieren Wir gratulierten ihm zu dem Erfolg.
We congratulated him on his success.
8.8 Place complements A few verbs which indicate position have a complement indicating where something is situated – a PLACE COMPLEMENT (sentence pattern J). Place complements look like adverbials, but whereas adverbials are optional, place complements are closely linked to the meaning of the main verb. This affects their place in the sentence (see section 9.8).
