essential german gramar

Page 213

188

Spoken and written German

small letter

adjectives with a preceding or following noun understood

Das ist wohl das schnellste von diesen drei Autos. Mir gefällt das rote Kleid nicht, ich nehme das blaue.

superlatives with am

am klarsten, am deutlichsten, am einfachsten

ander and beide

der andere, anderes, die beiden, beides

angst, bange, leid, pleite, schuld used with sein, bleiben and werden

Mir wird angst. Uns ist angst und bange. Er war das alles leid. Die Firma ist jetzt pleite. Sie bleibt schuld daran.

idiomatic noun prefixes of separable verbs

heimkehren, teilnehmen, stattfinden, preisgeben. Ich kehre heim. Er nimmt teil. Es findet statt.

nouns used as adverbs or prepositions

abends, anfangs, morgen, angesichts, dank, kraft, mittels, trotz

ein bisschen and ein paar

ein bisschen Salz, ein paar Leute

There are also points of doubt with ADJECTIVES in titles and proper names. The following rules apply: capital letter

small letter

adjectives in proper names, titles, designations, biological names

Kap der Guten Hoffnung, Wilhelm der Zweite, der Bayerische Wald, Deutscher Bundestag, die Vereinten Nationen, der Heilige Abend, die Schwarze Witwe

adjectives in -er from names of towns and cities

der Kölner Dom, die Frankfurter Messe, das Wiener Rathaus, das Londoner Parlament

adjectives of nationality or from personal names

deutsches Bier, der italienische Meister, das ohmsche Gesetz, das brechtsche Drama

adjectives in fixed phrases which are not proper names or unique things

erste Hilfe, der schwarze Markt, die silberne Hochzeit, der blaue Brief, das gelbe Trikot, die künstliche Intelligenz, das schwarze Brett

12.4 One word or two? The general rule is that COMPOUND WORDS are written as a single word in German. In practice, though, there have always been some areas of doubt, some of which have been clarified in the revised spelling: one word

noun verb compounds used only as infinitives

bergsteigen, brustschwimmen, kopfrechnen, seiltanzen

idiomatic adjective verb compounds

bereithalten, fernsehen, hochrechnen, schwarzarbeiten, totschlagen, weismachen


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Articles inside

Answers to exercises

56min
pages 285-305

Index

9min
pages 313-319

Grammar in context: translations

15min
pages 306-312

Chapter 12:Spoken and written German

7min
pages 281-284

Chapter 11:Word formation

8min
pages 276-280

Chapter 10:Complex sentences

10min
pages 270-275

Chapter 9: Word order

7min
pages 265-269

Chapter 8: Valency and cases

7min
pages 260-264

Chapter 6: Verbs: forms

11min
pages 247-252

Chapter 5: Prepositions

10min
pages 241-246

Chapter 7: Verbs: uses

12min
pages 253-259

adverbials

12min
pages 234-240

Chapter 3: The noun phrase: determiners and pronouns Chapter 4: Adjectives, adverbs and

8min
pages 229-233

Chapter 2: Nouns

3min
pages 227-228

Register in context

3min
pages 221-222

pronunciation

0
page 218

12.8 Register

2min
page 217

12.3 The use of capital letters

2min
page 212

12.7 Other punctuation marks

1min
page 216

12.4 One word or two?

1min
page 213

12.2 German spelling

1min
page 211

Word formation in context

1min
pages 207-208

11.7 Variable verb prefixes

2min
pages 203-204

11.3 Compound nouns

1min
page 197

Complex sentences in context

2min
pages 191-192

11.2 The formation of nouns

3min
pages 195-196

11.5 Inseparable verb prefixes

2min
pages 200-201

11.6 Separable verb prefixes

1min
page 202

10.8 The infinitive without zu

3min
pages 188-190

prepositions

1min
page 187

10.6 Infinitive clauses

3min
pages 185-186

10.5 Subordination: relative clauses

3min
pages 183-184

conjunctions

5min
pages 179-182

10.3 Subordination: noun clauses

2min
pages 177-178

9.7 The position of adverbials

1min
page 169

Word order in context

1min
pages 173-174

10.2 Coordination

1min
page 176

in the central section

2min
page 167

9.3 First position in main clauses

1min
page 166

9.2 Verbs at the end of the clause

1min
page 165

9.1 The ‘bracket’ construction

1min
page 164

9. Word order

1min
page 163

8.8 Place complements

1min
page 158

8.9 Direction complements

1min
page 159

8.10 Predicate complements

2min
page 160

8.7 Prepositional objects

7min
pages 153-157

8.4 Other uses of the dative case

1min
page 151

8.1 Sentence patterns

5min
pages 144-146

8.2 Reflexive verbs

2min
pages 147-148

8.3 Dative objects

2min
pages 149-150

7.14 dürfen

1min
page 137

7.19 wollen

1min
page 140

8. Valency and cases

1min
page 143

7.13 The modal auxiliary verbs

1min
page 136

7.12 Subjunctive I: reported speech

1min
page 135

7.4 The passive with werden

1min
page 128

sentences

1min
page 134

7.10 The subjunctive: general

1min
page 133

7.2 Present and future

1min
page 126

Verb forms in context

2min
pages 123-124

7.3 Past and perfect

1min
page 127

6.11 List of strong and irregular verbs

5min
pages 117-122

6.10 Vowel changes with strong verbs

1min
page 116

6.7 haben or sein in the perfect?

1min
page 112

6.5 Conjugation of irregular verbs

1min
page 110

6.9 Forms of the subjunctive

2min
pages 114-115

6.6 Compound tenses

1min
page 111

6.8 Forms of the passive

1min
page 113

6.4 Separable and inseparable verbs

1min
page 109

Prepositions in context

1min
pages 103-104

5.5 Prepositional adverbs

1min
page 102

accusative

2min
pages 92-93

5.2 Prepositions with the dative

4min
pages 94-96

5.4 Prepositions with the genitive

1min
page 101

4.11 Adverbs of direction

1min
page 81

4.17 Cardinal numbers

1min
page 84

5. Prepositions

1min
page 91

4.10 Adverbs of place

1min
page 80

4.8 Adverbs and adverbials

1min
page 78

and superlative

1min
page 77

4.6 Comparison of adjectives

1min
page 76

4.5 Adjectives with prepositions

1min
page 75

special cases

1min
page 72

4.3 Adjectives used as nouns

1min
page 73

The noun phrase in context

1min
pages 69-70

4.4 Adjectives with the dative

1min
page 74

indefinite pronouns

4min
pages 66-68

3.8 Reflexive pronouns

1min
page 65

3.3 Uses of the articles

1min
page 57

3.4 Demonstratives

2min
pages 58-59

3.6 Other determiners

2min
pages 61-62

pronouns

1min
page 55

3.5 Possessives

1min
page 60

3.7 Personal pronouns

3min
pages 63-64

Nouns in context

1min
pages 53-54

2.12 Case marking on the noun

3min
pages 50-52

plurals

1min
page 48

Words and sentences in context

1min
pages 39-40

2.2 Masculine nouns

1min
page 42

2.7 The plural of masculine nouns

2min
pages 45-46

1.9 Questions and commands

1min
page 36

1.7 Sentences and clauses

1min
page 33

2.11 Case

0
page 49

10 Plurals in -s (and other foreign

1min
page 27
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