The book of Romans Commentary in Burmese

oifonfor®musrf;pmudkem;vnfEdkifygonf/ aygvka[majymaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif; a&mrMo0g'pm

BOB UTLEY

a[majymjcif;qdkif&m ygarmu© (or®musrf;enf;usteufjyefjcif;)

teufzGifhjcif;avhvmrIvrf;ñTefpmpOfrsm; "r®opfusrf;/ twGJ 5/

Bible Lessons International, Marshall, Texas 1998

jyefvnfrGrf;rHjcif; 2010

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þteufzGifhusrf;ü oHk;aomtwdkaumufrsm; 5 usrf;jyKol\ trSmpum;/ / þteufzGifhusrf;onf oifhudk rnfodkUulnDEkdifaMumif; 7 or®musrf;pm aumif;pGmzwf½Ijcif;twGuf vrf;nTef/ or®mw&m;udkrdrdudk,fwdkif ½SmazGazmfxkwfjcif;/ 10 teufzGifhusrf; a&mrMo0g'pmrdwfquf 21 a&mr 1 28 a&mr 2 94 a&mr ၃ 116 a&mr 4 144 a&mr 5 162 a&mr 6 190 a&mr 7 208 a&mr 8 227 a&mr 9 272 a&mr 10 315 a&mr 11 333 a&mr 12 354 a&mr 13 377 a&mr 14 403 a&mr 15 421 a&mr 16 443

aemufqufwGJ wpf/ / *&do'´gzGJUpnf;yHk\t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsuf tusOf; 464 aemufqufwGJ ESpf/ / rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mtuJjzwfrI 478 aemufqufwJG oHk;/ / cufqpft"dyÜg,f 484 aemufqufwGJ av;/ / Mo0g'qdkif&m azmfjycsuf 499

a&mrMo0g'pmxJu txl;taMumif;t&mrsm;twGuf rmwdum apvGwfonf (ApostellŌ) 1;1 32 ueOD;toif;awmfa[majymaomt&m?(Kerygma) 1;2 35 bk&m;ocif\om;awmf? 1;3 36 aoG;om;^Zmwd?(Sarx) 1;3 38 ar½Sd,? 1;4 41 bk&m;emrawmfrsm;? 1;4 42 "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu ,HkMunf? udk;pm;? ,HkMunfudk;pm;(Believe, Trust, Faith)ESifh opöm½Sdjcif;? 1;5

uREfkyf (Bob) \{0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif? 1;5

ac:zdwfjcif;cH&aom? 1;6

oefU½Sif;olrsm;?1;7

bk&m;ocif\crnf;awmft&m? 1;7

"r®opfusrf;xJu0dnmOf (pneuma)?1;8

u,fwifjcif;("r®a[mif;a0g[m&)?1;16

ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;? 1;17

bk&m;ociftm;vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;? 1;18

aygvka&;aompmrsm;ü azmfjyonfh ]]or®mw&m;}}? 1;18

od½Sdonf? 1;19 78 zsufqD;?ysufpD;?azgufjyef(Phtheirē)?1;23 83 ESvHk;? 1;24 84

tNrJxm0&(*&dtD'D,Hrsm;)? 1;25 85 tmrif? 1;25 86 vdifwlqufqHjcif;? 1;26?27 88

"r®opfusrf;xJü½Sdaom qdk;npfrIrsm;ESifhaumif;jrwfrIrsm;? 1;29-31 90

''HUPER" aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk? 1;30 91 aemifww&m;? 2;4 98

vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'? 2;11 102 0g<um;jcif;?2;17 110

*&da0g[m&]]prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;}}ESif ¤if;\t"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm;? 2;18 111 y,fjy,fqdwfokOf;oGm;aponf (KatargeŌ) ? 3;3 119 bkef;wefcdk;awmf? 3;23 129

vlwpfa,mufu,fwifjcif;&aMumif; "r®opftaxmuftxm;? 3;24 130 a&G;EIwfc^a&G;EIwfonf? 3;24 131 ta½SYwdkif; pmay? 3;27 138 bk&m;wpfql t,l0g'? 3;30 140 ,HkMunf^udk;pm;onf (belief/faith)? 4;5 149 wHqdyf? 4;11 153 tmrcH? 4;16 157 Nidrfoufjcif;? 5;1 166 &yfwnfonf (Histēmi) ? 5;2 167 pdwfcsrI½Sdjcif;? 5;2 169 c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumi qif;&J'ku©cHMuoenf;? 5;3 172 'ku©a0em 5;3 172 c&pf,mefBuD;xGm;rI 5;4 173 bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;? 5;17?18 185 AdwåZHr*Fvm?6;3-4 194 oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;? 6;4 195 enf;Oya'o (Tupos) ? 6;17 203 aygvk\csD;rGrf;jcif;? qkawmif;jcif;ESifh bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifjcif;? 7;25 224

a,½IESifh0dnmOfawmf? 8;9 236 oHk;yg;wpfql? 8;11 238 ,HkMunfol cH&aomtarG? 8;1 245 obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;? 8;19 . 247 ajr§mfvifhjcif;? 8;25 253 pGJNrJ&ef vdktyfrI? 8;25 254 0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfjcif;? 8;27 257 om;OD;? 8;29 262 a½G;aumufjcif;^BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh "r®oabmw&m;csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyfjcif;? 8;33 264 tBuD;qHk; (Archē) ? 8;38 269 udk,fudkudk,f odaompdwf (conscience) ? 9;1 277 Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;? 9;3 279 usdefqJjcif; (Anathema) ? 9;3 283 tpöa&;? 9;4 284 y#dnmOfw&m;? 9;4 286 bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;? 9;13 292 cspfoem;awmfrljcif;(Hesed)?9;15 296 t<uif;tusefrsm;? todtjrifoHk;rsKd;? 9;27-28 303 bk&m;emrawmfrsm;? 9;29 304 wdkufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf? 9;33 312 od½Sdonf?10;2 318 emcHjcif;? 10;3 319 u,fwifjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&dpum;vHk; umvjyBud,mrsm;? 10;4 321 0efcHjcif;? 10;9 323 udk,fawmf\emrawmf?10;9 325 ½Sif;vif;pGm½Sif;jyjcif;? 10;18 330 ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;pGefUy,fjcif;?11;21 345 vQKdU0SufzHk;uG,faomt&m? 11;25 348 oefU½Sif;onf? 12;1 357 vuf½SduyfurÇmESifh jzpfvwåHYaomuyfurÇm? 12;2 358 jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif; (AnakainŌsis) ? 12;2 360 bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf (Thelēma) 12;2 361 "r®opfusrf;\ tem*wådpum;? 12;6 364 pifMu,faom? &ufa&mrI (Haplotes) 12;8 368 a0iSjcif; (Koinonia) 12;13 372 tcGifhtmPm? 13;1 380 vlUtpdk;&? 13;1 380 arma½S\ynwådusrf;tay: aygvk½IjrifyHk? 13;9 388 xGufajrmuf&musrf; 20/ 13;15?17 tm;½Sif;vif;csuftusOf; 389

tm;enf;jcif;? 14;1

c&pf,mefrsm; tcsif;csif;pD&ifMuygOD;ravm?? 14;13

bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf? 14;17

cdkifcHhaponf? 15;2

ayg<u,fjcif;? (PerissevŌ) 15;13

c&pf,mefESifh iwfrGwfacgif;yg;rI? 15;26

bk&m;ocif\pDrHrIü trsKd;orD;rsm;? 16;1

toif;awmf (Ekklesia) 16;1

qdk;oGrf;rI\yk*¾dKvf 16;20

xm0&? 16;26

þteufzGifhusrf;üoHk;aom twdkaumufpvHk;rsm;

AB Anchor Bible Commentaries, ed. William Foxwell Albright and David Noel Freedman

ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary (6 vols.), ed. David Noel Freedman

AKOT Analytical Key to the Old Testament by John Joseph Owens

ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts, James B. Pritchard

BAGD A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature.

BDB A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament by F. Brown, S.R. Driver and C.A.Briggs

BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, GBS, 1997

IDB The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible (4 vols.), ed. George A. Buttrick

ISBE International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (5 vols.), ed. James Orr

IB Jerusalem Bible

JPSOA The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text: A New Translation (The Jewish Publication Society of America)

KB The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament by Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner

LAM The Holy Bible From Ancient Eastern Manuscripts (the Peshitta) by George M. Lamsa

LXX Septuagint (Greek-English) by Zondervan, 1970

MOF A New Translation of the Bible by James Moffatt

MT Masoretic Hebrew Text

NAB New American Bible Text

NASB New American Standard Bible

NEB New English Bible

NET NET Bible: New English Translation, Second Beta Edition

NIDNTT New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis (5 vols.),ed. Willem A. VanGemeren

NRSV New Revised Standard Bible

NIV New International Version

NJB New Jerusalem Bible

OTPG Old Testament Parsing Guide by Todd S.Beall, William A. Banks and Colin Smith

REB Revised English Bible

RSV Revised Standard Version

SEPT The Septuagint (Greek-English) by Zondervan, 1970

TCNT The Twentieth Century New Testament

TEV Today's English Version from United Bible Societies

YLT Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible by Robert Young

ZPBE Zondervan Pictorial Bible Encyclopedia (5 vols.), ed. Merrill C.Tenney

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or®musrf;pmenf;us teufjyefjcif;[lonf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;cH usrf;jyKolwpfOD;tm; em;vnf oabmaygufEdkif&ef tm;xkwfaom? pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh0dnmOfa&; vkyfxHk;wpfrsKd;yifjzpfNyD;? xdkokdYjyKjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocifay;aomowif;pum;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufum? ,aeY rdrdwdkY acwfumvü vufawGYusifhoHk; Ekdif&efjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&mvkyfxHk;onf tqHk;tjzwfay;aomt&mjzpfaomfvnf; t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfcsufay;&ef cufcJonf/ ¤if;ü qufuyfjcif;ESifh yGifhvif;rIvdktyfonf/ (1) udk,fawmftm; qmiwfjcif; (2) udk,fawmf tm; oduRrf;vdkjcif;ESifh (3) tapcHvdkaompdwfqE´rsm; ½Sd&ygrnf/ þvkyfxHk;ü qkawmif;jcif;? 0efcHjcif;ESi rdrdtouf½Sifjcif;yHkpH ajymif;vJ vdkaompdwfqE´rsm;vdktyfonf/ teufjyefjcif;vkyfxHk;ü 0dnmOfawmfonf tjywfqHk;jzpfol jzpfaomfvnf; pdwfESvHk;pifMu,fNyD;? bk&m;w&m;udkif;½Idif;ol c&pf,mefrsm;\ or®musrf;pmtm; em;vnfoabmaygufyHk uGJjym;jcm;em; aejcif;rSm vQKdU0SufeufeJaom t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ pOf;pm;jcif;vkyfxHk;rSm &Sif;vif;&ef vG,fulonf/ rl&if;usrf;tay: wnfMunf&efESifh bufvdkufjcif; uif;&efvdktyfNyD;? rdrdudk,fwdkifESifh *dkPf;*eqdkif&m iJhuGufrIrsm;\vGrf;rdk;rI uif;pif&ygrnf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm; vHk;onf ordkif;\jyKjyifajymif;vJrIcHMu&onf csnf;omvQif jzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYü bufvdkufjcif;r½SdbJ? t&Sdudk t&Sdtwdkif; teufjyefol[lí wpfa,mufrSr&Sdacs/ rdrdwdkY\iJhuGufrIrsm;tm; ausmfvTm;oGm;Ekdifa&; twGuf *½kwpdkuf jyifqifxm;onfh teufjyefjcif; ed,roHk;ckyg0ifaom pOf;pm;jcif;vkyfxHk;wpfckudk þteufzGifhusrf;ü ay;xm;ygonf/ yxred,r yxred,rrSm or®musrf;pm\usrf;wpfusrf;tm; a&;om;pOfu ordkif;aemufcHtajctaeESifh? usrf;jyKolonf tqdkygusrf;tm; a&;om;&jcif;ordkif;qdkif&m tjzpftysufjzpfonf/ rl&if;usrf;jyKolü rdrd ajymqdkqufoG,f&jcif;\&nf½G,fcsufESifh taMumif;t&mwpfckck&Sdonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;cH&ol a½S;acwf rl&if;pma&;oltwGuf t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhaomt&mudk rl&if;usrf;ü azmfjyvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ uREfkyfwdkY\ordkif; ausmaxmuf aemufcHr[kwfaom? uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwfxJ&Sdonfht&mr[kwfaom? uRefawmfwdkY\xHk;wrf;"avh? vlyk*d¾Kvf(0g) toif;awmf? *dkPf;*P\ vdktyfcsufrsm;rygaom xdkrlvusrf;jyKol\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm t"duaomh csufjzpfonf/ vufawGYtoHk;csjcif;u tNrJvdkufvm&ef jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm\pmydk'fwdkif;ü t"dyÜg,fwpfck½Sd pNrJjzpfNyD;? ESpfckoHk;ckr&Sdacs/ þqdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,frSm rl&if;usrf;jyKolonf ol\acwfumvü 0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifrIjzifh ajymvdkaom&nf½G,fyifjzpfonf/ wpfckwnf;aom þqdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fudk uGJjym;jcm;em;aom xHk;wrf;"avhrsm;ESifh tajctaersm;twGuf trsKd;rsKd;toHk;csEdkifonf/ þtoHk;csrIrsm;onf rl&if;usrf;jyKol A[dkjyKaomor®mw&m;ESifh qufpyfae&ygrnf/ xdkYaMumifhyif þteufzGifh avhvmrIvrf;nTefpmtkyfü or®musrf;pmyg usrf;wpfusrf;pDwdkif;twGuf pum;csD;yg&Sdygonf/ 'kwd,ed,r

'kwd,ed,rrSm

e*dkyg½Sdaomtydkif;u@rsm;udk azmfxkwf&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm\ usrf;wpfusrf;pD wdkif;rSm aygif;pyfxm;aomrSwfwrf;rSwf&m wpfckpDjzpfonf/ teufjyefolrsm;ü tqdkyg? yg½Sdaomor®mw&m; wpf&yfudk oD;jcm;cGJxkwfa&;twGuf tjcm;yg0ifaom or®mw&m;rsm;udk z,f½Sm;&ef tcGifhta&;r½Sdacs/ xdkU aMumifh usrf;wpfusrf;üygaomtydkif;u@rsm;udk teufjyefjcif;rjyKrD xdkusrf;wpfckvHk;\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em; vnf&ef BudK;pm;&ygrnf/ tydkif;wydkif;pDjzpfaomtcef;BuD;rsm;? pmydk'frsm;ESifh tcef;i,frsm;onf tqdkygusrf; wpfckvHk;\qdkvdk&if;r[kwfaom tjcm;t"dyÜg,f½SdEkdifrnf r[kwfacs/ teufjyefjcif;onf usrf;wpfckvHk;tm; jcHKíavhvmjcif;rSonf tydkif;u@ tvdkufavhvmjcif;odkU qufvuf&ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh þteufzGifhjcif; avhvmrIvrf;nTefpmtkyfudk tydkif;u@wpfckpDtm; pmydk'frsm;cGJí tao;pdwfavhvmEkdif&ef yHHhydk;Ekdifa&;twGuf pDpOfxm;ygonf/ pmydk'frsm;ESifh tcef;BuD;? tcef;i,fcGJjcm;rIrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomf vnf; rl&if;pma&;ol\ tawG;tMuHrsm;udk azmfxkwf&ef ulnDay;onf/ 0gustvdkuf? pum;pktvdkuf (odkU) u pum;vHk;wvHk;jcif; tvdkufr[kwfbJ? pmydk'ftvkduf teufjyefjcif;onf rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,fudkem;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'frsm;onf aygif;pyfxm;aom taMumif;t&mwpfckudk tajcjyKjcif;jzpfNyD; ¤if;udkOD;wnfcsuf (odkU) ajymvdk&if;taMumif;t&mtm; azmfjyaom pm[kac:onf/ tqdkygpmydk'fxJüygaom pum;vHk;wkdif;? pum;pkwdkif;? 0guswdkif;onf tqkdygpkpnf;xm;aom taMumif;t&m(0g)OD;wnfcsuftaMumif;t&mESifh wenf;r[kwfwenf; qufpyfMuonf/ ¤if;wdkUonf xdkt&m udkuefYowfonf/ tus,fcsJUonf?½Sif;vif;onf/ odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;xkwfonf/ qDavQmfaomteufjyefjcif;\ t"du aomhcsufrSm tqdkygusrf;wusrf;tm; zGJUpnf;xm;onfhtydkif;u@rsm;rSwqifh rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ tawG;tMuHudk pmydk'ftvdkuf em;vnf&efjzpfonf/ acwfopft*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; avhvmjcif;tm; jzifh ausmif;om;rsm; xdkodkUjyKEkdif&ef þteufzGifhjcif; avhvmrIvrf;nTeftm; pDpOfxm;ygonf/ þbmomjyef usrf;rsm;udk a½G;jc,f&jcif;rSm ¤if;wdkUonf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom bmomjyefjcif;oDtdk&Drsm; toHk;jyKMuíjzpfonf/

1. United Bible Society \*&dusrf;rSm jyefvnfrGrf;rHonfh pwkw¬ajrmufxkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf/ (UBS4) þusrf;udk acwfopfrI&if;usrf;qkdif&mynm½Sifrsm;u usrf;ydk'fcGJMujcif;jzpfonf/

2. The New King James Version (NKJV) rSm Textus Receptus [k vlodrsm;aoma½S;½dk;pOfvm *&drl&if; usrf;udk tajcjyKívHk;aphywfaph bmomjyefusrf;wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;\ usrf;ydk'fcGJrsm;onf tjcm;bmom jyefrsm;xuf ydkí½Snfonf/ taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; cGJjcm;owfrSwf&mü ¤if;\pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf taxmuf tuljzpfapygonf/

3. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) onf vHk;aphywfaphhjzifh qDavsmfatmif bmomjyefaom usrf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf atmufygacwfopf bmomjyefusrf;ESpfckteuf tv,ftvwfjzpfonf/ ¤if;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; cGJjcm;owfrSwf&mü tawmfyif taxmuftuljyKonf/

4. The Today's English Version (TEV) rSm United Bible Society rS xkwfa0aomrl&if;usrf;ESifh tjynfht0 udkufnDaom bmomjyefenf; (dynamic equivalent) jzifh bmomjyefaom usrf;jzpfonf/ acwfopft*Fvdyf pmzwfol (0g) bmompum;ajymqdkolonf rl&if;*&dusrf;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifap&ef tm;xkwf bmomjyefqdkaom or®musrf;pmjzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü usrf;ydk'frsm;udk NIV rSm enf;wl taMumif;t&mtm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? pum;ajymoltm;jzifh ydkif;cGJonf/ ¤if;onf

teufjyefoltwGuf taxmuf tulrjyKacs/ UBS4 ESi TEV wdkUudk yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wnf; xkwfa0jcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? usrf;ydk'fcGJyHk uGJjym;jcm;em;onfrSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&mjzpfonf/

5. Jerusalem Bible (JB) rSm rl&if;usrf;ESifh tjynhft0udkufnDaom bmomjyefenf;(dynamic equivalent) jzifhbmomjyefqkdaom jyifopfumodkvpf bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/ Oa&mywdkufom;tjrifjzifh usrf;ydk'fc yHkudk EIdif;,SOf&onfrSm taxmuftul vGefpGmjyKonf/

6. þteufzGifhusrf;onf 1995ckESpfu jyefvnfrGrf;rHaomusrf; Updated New American Standard Bible (NASB) udk toHk;jyKonf/ ¤if;rSm vHk;aphywfaph bmomjyefusrf;wpfckjzpfonf/ tydk'fi,frsm; wpfckNyD; wpfckteufzGifh&mü þbmomjyefusrf;\ pmydk'fudkvdkufonf/

wwd,ed,r þwwd,ed,rrSm or®musrf;pmpum;vHk;rsm; (0g)pum;pkrsm;ü

½SdEkdifonfht"dyÜg,fudk tus,fjyefUqHk; od½SdEkdif&ef uGJjym;jcm;em;aom bmomjyefusrf;rsm;udk zwf½I&efjzpfonf/ rl&if;*&d pum;pk(0g)pum;vHk;wpf vHk;tm; em;vnfEkdifyHktrsKd;rsKd; ½Sdavh½Sdwwfonf/ ¤if;wdkUudk uGJjym;jcm;em;aombmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm;jzi od½Sd&NyD;?

*&drl&if;usrf;uGJrsm;tm; ½Sif;vif;csufay;onf/ ¤if;wdkUonf Mo0g'udkxdcdkufjcif; r½Sdaomfvnf; a½S;acwfumvü 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;rI&Sdol usrf;jyKq&ma&;om;cJhonfh rl&if;usrf;qDodkUjyefa&muf&ef tm;xkwf&mü ulnDyHhydk;onf/ þteufzGifhusrf;onf avhvmoltm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufjyefjcif;udk jrefqefpGm ppfaq;Ekdifap&ef jyifqifay;onf/ þodkUjyKjcif;udk twdtustjzpf rSwf,l&efr[kwfaomfvnf; rSwfom;bG,f&mESifh pOf;pm; bG,f&mrsm;&½Sd&efjzpfonf/ tjcm;jzpfEkdifacs½Sdaom bmomjyef usrf;rsm;tm;od&jcif;onf uRefawmfwdkUtm; usOf;ajrmif;aomtjrif? Mo0g'pGJ? *dkPf*epGJr½Sdap&ef ulnDonf/ a½S;a[mif;rl&if; usrf;\teuft"dyÜg,frnfrQ roJruGJESifh 'Gd[jzpf p&maumif;aMumif;tm;odEkdif&ef rnfuJhodkU trsKd;rsKd;bmomjyefEkdifaMumif;tm; us,fjyefUpGm od½Sd&efvdktyfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdpGJudkifonfh or®mw&m;\t&if;tjrpftjzpfcH,lol c&pf,mefrsm; txJü oabmwlnDr rnfrQenf;yg;aMumif;od&onfrSm xdwfvefUbG,f&myif aumif;ae avawmhonf/ þed,rrsm;onf uREfkyfudk a½S;a[mif;rl&if;usrf;tm; tywfwukwfavhvm&ef wGef;tm;ay;vsuf? uREfkyf\ ordkif; aemufcHtajctaersm;pGmtm; atmifjrifausmfvTm;Ekdif&ef rsm;pGmulnD yHhydk;ay;ygaMumif;/

Bob Utley

East Texas Baptist University 1996ck? ZGefv 27&uf

or®musrf;pmtm; aumif;pGmzwf&efvrf;nTef rSefuefaMumif;oufaoxlí &aomor®mw&m;tm; udk,fwdkifpl;prf;½SmazGjcif; or®mw&m;udk

uRefawmfwdkUodEkdifygOD;rvm;? ¤if;udk b,frSm½SmazGawGU½Sd EkdifrvJ? or®mw&m;jzpfaMumif; ,kwådaA'enf;jzifh jyEkdifrvm;? tqHk;pGefaomtcGifhtmPm[lí ½SdOD;rvm;? uRefawmfwdkU\b0 toufwm? uRefawmfwdkU\urÇmBuD;udk OD;aqmifvrf;jyEdkifaomt<uif;rJh taMumif;w&m;rsm;½SdygOD;rvm;? touf½Sif& jcif;ü qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,f½Sdygovm;? þae&mü uRefawmfwdkU tb,faMumifh½SdaeMuvJ? b,fae&mqDudk OD;wnfoGm;aeMuvJ? þar;cGef;rsm;rSm qifjcifpOf;pm;wwfolwdkif; tav;teufar;jref;cJhMuonfh ar;cGef; rsm;jzpfum? todnmPf½Sdaom vlom;tm; tcsdefumv\rlvtpuyif o&Jwapäajcmufovdk acsmufvefUcJh aomar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf/ (a'oemusrf;? 1;13-18/ 3;9-11)/ uREfkyfb0\tpdwftydkif;rsm; pkpnf;aygif;pyf &mA[dkcsufrtm; uREfkyfpl;prf;½SmazGcJhyHkudk uREfkyfowd&onf/ c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfol uREfkyfrdom;pk0ifrsm;\ t"dyÜg,f½Sdaomoufaoay: t"dutm;jzifh tajcjyKNyD;? i,fpOfuyif c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfolwpfa,muf jzpfvmcJhonf/ t½G,fa&mufvmonfESifhtrQ uREfkyftaMumif;? uREfkyfaexdkif&mavmutaMumif; ar;jref;p&m rsm;vnf; wdk;ívmygonf/ pmtkyfpmayrsm;xJu zwf½IcJh&aomt&mrsm;? awGUMuHKcJh&aom tawGUtMuHKrsm;udk ½dk;½dk;omref,Ofaus;rI xHk;wrf;"avhrsm;ESifh ½dk;tDaeaombmoma&;pum; toHk;tEIef;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkYudk t"dyÜg,f aqmifusOf;ay;Ekdifjcif; r½SdcJhacs/ em;vnf&cufNyD;? Murf;wrf;cufxa&mfaom uREfkyfaexdkif&m urÇm avmuBuD;tm;&ifqdkif&mü xdktcsdefrSm prf;w0g;0g;jzifh ½IyfaxG;vSNyD;? vdkvm; awmifhwrIrsm;ESifhjynfhESufae um? rMumcPyif ajrmfvifhcsufuif;rJhcJh&aom umvrsm;yifjzpfacsonf/ tNyD;owfay;aom þar;cGef;rsm;\tajzrsm; rdrdwdkUü½Sdonf[k vltrsm; tjym; a<u;aMumfcJhMuaomf vnf;? pl;prf;avhvmNyD;? aocsmpOf;pm;qifjcifonfhtcg olwdkYay;aom tajzrsm;onf (1) udk,fydkifawG;ac:rI rsm; (2) a½S;acwf'@&Drsm; (3) udk,fydkiftawGYtMuHKrsm;ESifh (4) tem*wfumvtwGuf pdwfydkif;qdkif&m rSef;q rIrsm;omvQif tajcjyKaMumif;awGY½SdcJh&onf/ uRefawmftvdk½SdonfrSm rdrd\avmutjrif? rdrd\pkpnf;aygif; pyfrItwGuf A[dkcsufrwpfck? touf½Sifae&jcif;\taMumif;&if;rsm;twGuf wpHkwckaomtwdkif; twmtxd rSefuefaMumif; oufaojyí&aomtrSefw&m;? oufaoom"utcsKdUESifh tcsKdUaomqifjcifrIrsm; omvQifjzpf onf/ or®musrf;pmtm;avhvm&mü þtcsufrsm;udk uREfkyf½SmazGawGU½SdcJhonf/ uREfkyf\awGU½SdrI ckdifvHkpdwfcs &rItwGuf oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;udk pwifpl;prf;½SmazGcJh&mwGif (1)or®musrf;pmonf ordkif;taMumif; t&mt& ,HkMunfpdwfcs&aMumif; a½S;a[mif; okawoejyKcsufrsm;u twnfjyKaMumif; (2) "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tem*wådpum;rsm; wdusrSefuefpGm jynfhpHkcJhaMumif; (3)ESpfaygif; wpfaxmifajcmuf&m twGif;a&;om; xkwfa0onfh or®musrf;pmyg taMumif;t&mrsm;\ pkpnf;nDnTwfrIESifh (4)or®musrf;pmESifhxdawGUrIaMumifh b0t oufwmcdkifNrJpGm ajymif;vJoGm;cJholrsm;\ wpfOD;csif; oufaocHcsufrsm;tm; awGY½SdcJh&ygonf/ pepfwus pkpnf;xm;onfhc&pf,mef0g'onf vlYb0\½IyfaxG;aeaomar;cGef;rsm;udk udkifwG,fEdkifpGrf;½Sdonf/ ¤if;onf pOf;pm; qifjcif p&momvQifr[kwfbJ? or®musrf;enf;us ,HkMunfjcif;onf tawGYtMuHKudkygay;pGrf;jcif;onf uREfkyftm; pdwfydkif;qdkif&m 0rf;ajrmufrIESifh ckdifcHhjcif;udk ay;ygonf/ or®musrf;pmtm;jzihf em;vnfcJh&onfh twdkif; uREfkyf\b0 pkpnf;&mA[dkjzpfol c&pfawmftm; awGU½SdcJh&NyD[k uREfkyfxifygonf/ ¤if;onf vGefpGm

tm½kHcHpm;apNyD;? pdwfvIyf½Sm;aponf/ rnfodkUjzpfap þor®musrf;pmtm; t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk&mü toif;awmf wpfyg;? "r®ynmoif ausmif;wpfausmif;üyif rnfodkUtrsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;aejcif;onf uREkfyfwdkUtm; vlEkH? vlcsmwpfa,mufru jzpfoGm;aponfhtcg rnfrQtxdwfwvefUjzpfum? စpdwfqif;&JcJh&yHktm; uREfkyfowd&ae ygao;onf/ or®musrf;pmon rIwfoGif;awmfrlí a&;om;jcif; jzpfaMumif;ESifh?¤if;\,HkMunfpdwfcs&rIwdkUtm; twnf jyKjcif;onf tqHk;r[kwfbJ? tpomvQif jzpfaeacsawmhonf/ or®musrf;pm\tcGifhtmPmESifh ¤if;\,HkMunfpdwfcs&rIwdkUtm; ausnmajymqdk olrsm;twGif;üyif or®musrf;pm\ cufcJaomusrf;ydk'frsm;pGmwdkUtm; teufzGifh&mü wpfrsKd;ESifh wpfrsKd;qefUusifwdkufcdkufrI trsKd;rsKd; wdkUtm; [kwfr[kwf rnfodkUppfaq;um? (0g)jiif;y,f&ef rnfodkUuREfkyfvkyfrnfenf;? þwm0efBuD;onf uREfkyf\b0yef;wdkifESifh ,HkMunfjcif;c&D;oGm;rIyifjzpfonf/ c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunf jcif;onf uREfkyftm; (1) BuD;rm;aomNidrfoufjcif;ESihf 0rf;ajrmufrIay;onf/ tcsif;csif; ESD;EG,fqufpyfaeaom uREfkyfwdkU\acwfumv(acwfvGef,Ofaus;rI (post-modernity)tv,fü t<uif;rJh w&m;tcsKdU awmifhw cJhygonf/ (2) w,loefaom urÇmYbmoma&;rsm;\ qefUusifwdkufcdkufrIrsm;ESihf (3) *dkPf;*epGJaom0ifh0grI rsm;udkvnf;awGU&ygonf/ a½S;acwfpmayrsm;tm; bmomjyef&mü cdkifrmpGmcsOf;uyfum? pl;prf;½SmazG&if;ESifhyif ordkif;a&;&m? ,OfausrIa&;&m? *dkPf;*ea&;&mESifh tawGUtMuHKqdkif&mwdkUü uREfkyfudk,fwdkif\ iJhuGufrIrsm;udk xdwfvefUbG,f&m awGU½SdcJhonf/ uREfkyfonf or®musrf;pmudk uREfkyf\ordkif;qdkif&m? xHk;wrf;pOfvm? *kdPf;*e qdkif&mESifh tawGYtMuHKqdkif&miJhuGufrI? bufvdkufrIrsm;tm; yHhydk;ap&ef rMumcP zwfavh½SdcJhonf/ uREfkyf udk,fwdkifü vHkjcHKrIuif;rJhyHkESifh? avsmfuefjynfhpHkjcif;uif;rJhyHkwdkUudk xyfrHítwnfjyK&if;jzifh? txufyg uREkfyf\ iJhuGufjcif;oabmudkyif tjcm;olrsm;tm; qefUusifwdkufcdkuf&ef t,l0g'qdkif&m t&if;tjrpfwpf&yftjzpf toHk;jyKcJhygao;onf/ rdrdudk,füu þodkUjzpfaMumif;tm; oabmayguf&jcif;onf emusnf;bG,f&m aumif;vSygbdawmhonf! uREfkyfonf t½Sdudkt½Sdwdkif; t<uif;rJhrnfonfhtcgürQ ½IjrifEkdifpGrf;½Sdrnfr[kwfaomfvnf; or®musrf; pmzwf½I&mü ydkíawmfvmygonf/ uREfkyfü rnfuJhodkUaom iJhuGufrIrsm;½SdaMumif;od½Sdum? ¤if;tm; 0efcHonfh tcg uREfkyf\iJhuGufwwfaomoabmudk uefYowfavQmhcsEdkifvmonf/ ¤if;wdkUESifh ruif;½Sif; Ekdifao;aomfvnf; uREfkyf\tm;enf;csufwdkUudk ra½Smif½Sm;bJ&ifqdkifvmcJhonf/ usrf;pm teufjyefolonf or®musrf;pm tm; aumif;pGmzwf½Ijcif;\tqdk;0g;qHk; &efoljzpfaeavh½Sdonf/ or®musrf;pmavhvm&mü uREfkyfcH,laomtcsuftcsdKUwdkUtm; azmfyg&ap/ taMumif;rSm pm½Iolonf ¤if;wdkUudk uREfkyfESifhtw qef;ppfoGm;Ekdif&efjzpfygonf/

1/ rSefonf[k cH,laomtcsufrsm; u/ or®musrf;pmonf wpfqlwnf;ppfrSefawmfrlaombk&m;\ rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyjcif;tm;? vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; rIwfoGif;aomusrf;jzpfonf[k uRefawmf,HkMunfygonf/ ordkif;qdkif&m wdusaomtcsdefumvwpfc twGif;? vlom;pma&;olwpfa,mufudk toHk;jyKaomrl&if; pma&;oljzpfonfh 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;ü rnf onfh&nf½G,fcsuf½SdaMumif;tm; tajcjyKum? or®musrf;pmudk teufzGifh&efjzpfonf/ c/ or®musrf;pmudk vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfonf[k uREfkyf,HkMunfonf! bk&m;ocifonf ordkif;acwfumvwpfckESi ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk; wrf;wpfrsKd;\

abmifcGifwpfcktwGif; rdrdukd,frdrd vdkufavsmnDaxGaeum? uREfkyfwdkUtm; ½Sif;vif;pGm pum;ajymonf/ bk&m;ocifonf or®mw&m;ud zGwfxm;jcif;rjyKbJ? uRefawmfhudk em;vnfapcsifonf!xdkUaMumifh ¤if;tm; rdrdwdkU\tjrifjzifh teuf rjyefbJ? xdkacwfumv\tjrifjzifh teufjyef&efjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkUtwGuf or®musrf;pm\qdkvdk &if;rSm ¤if;tm; yxrqHk;zwf½IcJhol(0g)Mum;emcJholrsm;twGuf

t"dyÜg,fr½Sdaomt&mrsKd; rjzpfEkdifacs/ or®musrf;pmonf omrmefvlom;csif; qufoG,frIyHkpHESifh enf;vrf;rsm;udkom toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfojzifh omrefvlom;wdkif; em;vnfEkdifonf/

*/ or®musrf;pmü pkpnf;nDnTwfaom owif;pum;ESihf &nf½G,fcsuf½Sdonf[k uREkfyf,HkMunfonf/ ¤if;ü em;vnf&cufNyD;? wpfckESifhwpfck qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef½Sdaom usrf;ydk'frsm; yg½Sdaomfvnf; or®m usrf;pmonf rdrdudk,frdr qefYusifbufrjyKacs/ odkUjzihf taumif;qHk;aom or®musrf;pmteufjyefolrSm or®musrf;pmyifjzpfonf/

C/ tem*wådpum;rsm; tygt0ifusrf;ydk'fwdkif;ü rIwfoGif;jcif;cHaom pma&;ol\ rlv&nf½G,fcsufay: tajccHonfhqdkvdk&if; teuft"dyÜg,fwpfrsKd;wnf;omvQif½Sdonf[k uRefawmf,HkMunfonf/ rl&if;pm a&;ol\&nf½G,f&if;tcsuftm; uREfkyfwdkUod½Sdxm;onf[k rnfonfhtcgürQ t<uif;rJhaocsmEkdifMu rnfr[kwfaomfvnf; ¤if;udk nTefjyaomtcsuf rsm;pGmum; ½Sdaeygonf/

1/ owif;pum;tm; azmfjy&efoHk;onfh pma&;[ef

2/ a&;om;onfht&mtm; ay:vGifxif½Sm;aponfhordkif;qdkif&m (0g) wdusonfhtjzpftysuf

3/ usrf;wpfusrf;pD üyg½Sdaom taMumif;t&mrsm;enf;wl? wpfusrf;vHk;ü yg½SdaomtaMumif;t&m

4/ usrf;wpfusrf;pD\ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkUonf wpfusrf;vHk;\ owif;pum;ESifh qufpyfyHk

5/ yg½Sdaomowif;pum;tm; ydkUaqmif&eftoHk;jyKonfh o'´gydkif;qdkif&m wdusaom Muiftifvu© Pmrsm;

6/ yg½Sdaomowif;pum;tm; wifjy&e a½G;cs,ftoHk;jyKonfhpum;vHk;rsm;

7/ qifwlusrf;ydk'frsm; þu@wpfckpDtm; avhvmjcif;onfyif usrf;ydk'fwpfcktm; avhvmjcif;\ &nf½G,fcsufjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmaumif;pGm zwf½Ijcif;twGuf uREfkyf\enf;pHepfudk ½Sif;vif; azmfjyjcif;rjyKrD? ,aeUtoHk;jyK vsuf½SdaeMuum? teufzGifhjcif;tm; trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;apojzifh? a½SmifusOf&efjzpfonfh? Oifhavsm vHkavmufjcif; r½Sdaom enf;pHepfrsm;udk tao;pdwfazmfjyyg&ap/

2/ oihfavsmfvHkavmufjcif;r½Sdaom enf;pHepfrsm; u/ or®musrf;pmxJ½Sdaom usrf;rsm;üyg½SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk vpfvsL½Ium? rl&if;pma&;ol\ &nf½G,fcsuf(0g)ydkrdkus,fjyefUonfhtaMumif;t&mwdkUESifh qufpyfjcif; r½Sdaomfvnf; 0guswpfck?0gus wpfck\tpdwf tydkif;wpfck (0g) pum;vHk;wpfvHk;udkyif toHk;jyKum or®mw&m;tjzpf azmfjyajym qdkjcif;/ ¤if;udk ]]usrf;csufwpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKjcif;}}-]]proof-texting}}[kac:onf/

c/ usrf;wpfusrf;\ordkif;aMumif;tm; vpfvsL½Ium? yg½SdaomtaMumif;t&m\ ausmaxmufaemufcH tenf;i,frQom yg½Sdaom(0g)vHk;0ryg½Sdaom rdrd,lqonfh ordkif;aMumif;wpfckjzifh tpm;xdk;jcif;?

*/ usrf;wpfusrf;\ordkif;aMumif;tm; vpfvsL½Ium acwfopfc&pf,mefrsm;twGuf t"dutm;jzifh a&;om;aom aeUpOfxkwf owif;wpfapmifuJhodkU or®musrf;pmtm; zwf½Ijcif;/

C/ usrf;wpfusrf;\ordkif;aMumif;tm; vpfvsL½Ium? yxrOD;qHk; Mum;emolrsm;\ em;vnfoabm aygufyHkESifh rl&if;pma&;ol\ &nf½G,fcsufwdkUESifh qufpyfjcif; vHk;0uif;rJhaom awG;ac:ajrmfjrifrI qdkif&m? oabmw&m;tm;jzifh OyrmjyKí t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkjcif;/

i/ rl&if;owif;pum;udk vpfvsL½Ium rdrd\"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&mrsm;? rdrdpdwfBudKufMo0g'(0g) rl&if; pma&;ol\ &nf½G,fcsufESifhazmfjyon taMumif;t&mESifh qufpyfjcif;r½Sdaom acwfNydKiftaMumif; t&mrsm;ESifhtpm;xdk;jcif;/ þtrsKd;tpm;ü tpjyKusrf;pmzwfjcif;rSm a[majymol\a[majymcsuf tm;twnfjyK&ef toHk;csjcif;om jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk]]pmzwfol\ wHkUjyefrI}} (uREfkyftwGuf usrf;ydk'f\ qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,f) tm;jzifh teufjyefjcif;[kac:onf/ pmayta&;tom;jzihfjyKaom vlom;rsm;\qufoG,frItm;vHk;ü tenf;qHk;tpdwftydkif; oHk;ckyg0if onf/ rl&if;pma&;ol

a&;om;aom rlvvufcH \&nf½G,fcsuf aMumif;t&m &½Sdolrsm;

vGefcJhaomumvrsm;ü zwf½Ijcif;enf;ynmtrsKd;rsKd;wdkUonf þtpdwftydkif;oHk;ck teufwpfckck tm;pl; pdkufcJhonf/ odkUaomf or®musrf;pmonf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; tppftrSefjzpfaMumif; tckdkiftrmjyK&mü wpfzufapmif; eif;rusaomyHkpHZ,m;rsKd; ydkrdkqDavsmfonf/ oefU½Sif;aom rsKd;uGJvufa&; aemufydkif; 0dnmOfawmf usrf;rsm; ,HkMunfolrsm; rl&if;pma&;ol\ a&;om;aom

rlvvufcH &nf½G,fcsuf taMumif;t&m &½Sdolrsm; teufjyef&mü þtpdwftydkif;oHk;ckpvHk; yg0if&onf/ rSefuefaMumif; jyo&mü? yxrESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh rl&if;pma&;olESihf? ola&;om;onfhtaMumif;t&mu tajcjyKum? uRefawmf teufjyefavh½Sdygonf/ þodkYjyK jcif;jzifh uREfkyfavhvmcJhaomrSm;,Gif;pGm toHk;jyKcJhMuonfh (1)usrf;ydk'ftm; Oyrmwifpm;rIom jzpfapjcif;(0g) 0dnmOfa&;tm;jzifhomrSwf,ljcif; (2)pmzwfol\wHkUjyefrI (uREfkyftwGuf usrf;ydk'f\qkdvdk&if;t"dyÜg,f)yHkpH rsKd;jzifh vdkufvkyfjcif;jzpf csifvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ rnfonfhtqifh? rnfonfhtydkif;ürqdk vTJrSm;pGmtoHk;jyKrI jzpfEdkifonf/ rdrd\&nf½G,fcsufrsm;? rdrd\iJhuGufrIrsm;? enf;vrf;ESifhtoHk;jyKrIrsm;udk tNrJqef;ppf&efvkdonf/ odkUaomf teufjyefrIrsm;ü uefUowfcsufrsm;? owfrSwf&ef pHrsm;twGuf e,fedrdwfwpfck owfrSwfjcif;rjyKygu ¤if;wdkUudk rnfodkUppfaq;Edkifrnfenf;? odkUjzifh rl&if;pma&;ol\

&nf½G,fcsufESifh rl&if;pm\zGJUpnf;yHkwdkYonf jzpfEkdifacs½Sdaom w&m;0ifteufjyefrI\jrifuGif;udk uefYowfjcif; jyKEdkif&ef owfrSwfcsufpHEIef;tcsKdUay;yg onf/ oifhavsmfjcif;r½Sdaom tqdkygzwf½Ijcif;enf;rsm; toHk;jyKMuonfjzpf&um;? or®musrf;pmtm; aumif; rGefpGm zwf½Ijcif;ESifh teufjyefjcif;tm; twdkif;twmwpfcktxd rSefuefaMumif;jyoEdkif&efESifh udkufnDrI½Sd&ef rnfuJhodkYcsOf;uyfrnfenf;?

3/ or®musrf;pm aumif;rGefpGmzwf½Ijcif;twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifaomcsOf;uyfrIrsm; teufjyefjcif; twwfynmqdkif&mtqifhjrifh oD;oefYtrsKd;tpm;rsm;taMumif; uREfkyfaqG;aEG;&ef r&nf ½G,fbJ? or®musrf;½Sd usrf;wdkif;ütoHk;csEkdifrnfh a,bk,soabmed,rrsm;udkom aqG;aEG;vdkygonf/ tqdkyg oD;oefYtrsKd;tpm;rsm;twGuf aumif;rGefaompmtkyfwpftkyfrSm Gordon

Fee ESi Douglas Stuart wdkU a&;om; jyKpkNyD; Zondervan pmtkyfwdkufuxkwfa0aom How To Read The Bible For All Its Worth pmtkyfjzpfonf/ uREfkyf\enf;vrf;onf pmzwfoludk tpjyKA[dkjyKNyD;? ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; av;ausmhrSwpfqifh uREfkyf wdkUudk or®musrf;pmtm; t"dyÜg,f½Sif;vif;ap&ef0dnmOfawmftm; cGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ þpHepfonf 0dnmOfawmf? rl&if;pmESifh pmzwfolwdkUtm; 'kwd,ae&mürxm;bJ? rlvtajccH jyKxm;onf/ þenf;onf pmzwfoltm; teufzGifhusrf;jyKolrsm;\ wzufowf vGrf;rdk;rIrSvnf; umuG,fonf/ ]]or®musrf;pmonf teufzGihfusrf;rsm; udkem;vnf&ef rsm;pGmyHhydk;onf}}[laom ajymqdkcsufudk uREfkyfMum;cJhbl;ygonf/ avhvmrItulypönf;rsm;tm; avsmhwGufjcif;r[kwfbJ? ¤if;wdkUtm;toHk;jyK&mü tvGeftuRH rjzpfap&ef arwåm&yfcHjcif; rQomjzpfonf/ rdrdwdkU\teufzGifhrItm; rl&if;usrf;tm;jzihf taxmuftxm;jyKEkdif&ygrnf/ rSefuefaMumif; twdkif; twmwpfckxd azmfxkwfjcif;u tenf;qHk;u@av;ckrS &,lEdkifonf/

1/ rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ u/ ordkif;aemufcH c/ rl&if;pm

2/ rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ a½G;cs,frI u/ o'´gydkif;qdkif&m wnfaqmufyHk (syntax) c/ acwfumvqdkif&m pum;vHk;toHk;tEIef; */ pma&;om;yHk trsKd;tpm; (genre)

3/ rdrdwdkU\qDavsmfaom oabmaygufem;vnfrI u/ oufqdkifqDavsmfrI½Sdaom tvm;wlpmydk'frsm; c/ Mo0g'rsm;\qufpyfrI (paradox) rdrdwdkU\teufjyefjcif;twGuf taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU,kwådwefaMumif; azmfjyEdkif&ef vdkonf/ or®musrf;pm onfomvQif ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhusihfoHk;rItwGuf rlv&if;jrpfjzpfonf/ c&pf,mefwdkUonf or®m usrf;pmoGefoifaomt&m(0g) ¤if;u tcdkiftrmajymaomt&mrsm;tay: rMumcP oabmxm;uGJjym;MuonfrSm 0rf;enf;p&maumif;vSonf/ ¤if;rSm or®musrf;pmudk 0dnmOfawmfrI oGif;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; tcdkiftrmr ajymEdkifjcif;ESifh or®musrf;pm\oGefoifrIrsm;ESifh awmif;qdkrIrsm;tay: ,HkMunfolrsm; oabmrwlEkdifMujcif; jzpfonf/ ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; av;ausmhwdkUudk teufjyef&ef atmufygtodtjrifwdkUudk&½Sdap&ef pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpf onf/

u/ ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; yxrtausmh

1/ usrf;pmudk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifhzwfyg/ ¤if;udkyif tjcm;bmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;rS jyefzwfyg/ bmomjyefjcif; rl0g'rwlaom usrf;wpfusrf;jzpfap&ef arQmfvifhygonf/

(1) vHk;aphywfaphbmomjyefusrf; (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)

(2) tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyefusrf; (JEV, JB)

(3) csJUum;aom bmomjyefusrf; (Living Bible, Amplified Bible)

2/ rdrdzwf½Iaom xdkusrf;wpfckvHk;\ A[kdjyK&m&nf½G,fcsufudk½SmazGyg/ ¤if;\OD;wnfcsuf owfrSwf yg/

3/ þA[dkjyK&m &nf½G,fcsuf(0g)OD;wnfcsuftm; jzpfEkdifygu pmwpfydk'f? tcef;BuD; wpfcef;(0g) 0gus wpfaMumif;jzifh ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyyg/

4/ rnfuJhodkUaompmayrsKd;jzpfaMumif; owfrSwfyg

(u) "r®a[mif;usrf;

(1) a[NAJ ordkif;yHkjyif

(2) a[NAJuAsm? tvuFm (ynmqdkif&mpmay? qmvHoDcsif;)

(3) a[NAJtem*wådusrf; (pum;ajy? uAsm)

(4) w&m;Oya'rsm; (ynwfusrf;) (c) "r®opfusrf;

(1) ordkif;aMumif;rsm; (c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;? wrefawmf0w¬K)

(2) yHkaqmifcsufrsm; (c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;)

(3) ay;pm^Mo0g'pmrsm;

(4) aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;qdkif&m pmay

c/ ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; 'kwd,tausmh

1/ xdkusrf;wpfusrf;vHk; jyefzwfyg/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ½SmazGazmfxkwfyg

2/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk tusOf;csKHUum? yg0ifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ½dk;½dk;av;jzifh azmfjyyg/

3/ rdrdazmfjyaom&nf½G,fcsufESifh rdrdtusOf;csKHUjyKjcif;ukd tjcm;aomavhvmrI tulpmtkyfrsm;toHk;jyK um ppfaq;ícsJUxGifyg/

*/ ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; wwd,tausmh

1/ tqdkygusrf;wpftkyfvHk;jyefzwfí? xdkusrf;tm; a&;om;&jcif;\ordkif;aemufcHESifh tjzpftysuf wdkUudk or®musrf;pmxJrS ½SmazGazmfxkwfyg/

2/ or®musrf;pmxJ azmfjyonfhordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg

(u) usrf;jyKol

&ufpGJ (*) vufcH&½Sdolrsm; (C) a&;om;&jcif;\ taMumif;t&if; (i)a&;om;&jcif;\taMumif;&if;ESifhqufpyfaom xHk;wrf;"avhqdkif&mu@rsm;

(p) ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh tjzpftysufrsm;

3/ rdrdteufjyefonfh usrf;\tqdkygtydkif;tm; rdrdtusOf;csKHUrIudk pmydk'ftqifhcsJUyg/ pmayrsKd;tpm; udkazmfjyí tusOf;csKHUyg/ ¤if;onf tcef;BuD;tcsKdU (0g) pmydk'fESifh csDum½SdEkdifonf/ þodkUjyKjcif; onf rl&if;usrf;jyKol\tawG;tac:ESifh rl&if;pm\ zGJUpnf;yHktm; em;vnfEkdif&efyHhydk;vdrfhrnf/

4/ rdrd\ordkif;aMumif; azmfjyrItm; avhvmrItulpmtkyfrsm; toHk;jyKum? ppfaq;yg/

C/ ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; pwkw¬tausmh

1/ rdrdzwfaomusrf;udkyif bmomjyefusrf;trsKd;rsKd;rS wpfcgjyefzwfyg/ (u) vHk;aphywfaph bmomjyef (NKJV, NASB, NRSV) (c) tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyef (TEV, JB) (*) csJUum;aom bmomjyef (Living Bible, Amptified Bible)

2/ pmay (0g) o'´gqdkif&m zGJUpnf;rIrsm; (u) xyfíazmfjyaompum;pkrsm;-{zuf 1;6? 12?13 (c) xyfaeaom o'´gqdkif&mzGJUpnf;rI-a&mr 8;31 (*) qefUusifbuf t,ltqrsm;

3/ atmufygtrsKd;tpm;wdkUudk jyKpkyg (u) ay:vGif xif½Sm;aom a0g[m&rsm; (c) oHk;aeusr[kwfaom a0g[m&rsm; (*) ta&;BuD;aom o'´gzGJUpnf;rIrsm; (C) txl;cufcJaom pum;vHk;rsm;? 0gustpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh 0gusrsm;

4/ qDavsmfaomtvm;wl pmydk'frsKd;udk ½SmazGyg/ u/ atmufygwdkUudk toHk;jyKum? rdrd\taMumif;t&mtm; t½Sif;vif;qHk;azmfjyaom pmydk'fukd½Sm yg/

(1) "r®ynmtm; pHepfuspGm avhvmaompmtkyfrsm; (''systematic theology'' books) (2) usrf;nTef;yg usrf;pmtkyfrsm;

(3) wlnDaompum;vHk;tvdkuf usrf;nTef;azmfjyaompmtkyfrsm; (concordances)

c/ qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef½Sdaomfvnf; xdkodkYr[kwfaom (paradox) azmfjycsuf rsKd;½Sdr½Sd½SmazGyg/ or®musrf;pm\ or®mw&m;trsm;tjym;wdkYudk tusKd;oif taMumif;oifhpGm azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ *dkPf;*ecsif; qefUusifwdkufcdkufrI rsm;pGmwdkYrSm usrf;csufwpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKjcif; (proof-texting) rS ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfNyD;? or®musrf;pmqdkif&m wif;rmrIwpf0ufudk ¤if;uzefwD; onf/ or®musrf;pmtm;vHk; 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfojzifh? teufjyef&mü or®musrf;enf; us[efcsufnDap&ef taMumif;t&m? tcsuftvufpHkvifpGm pl;prf;½SmazG&ygrnf/ */ tvm;wl taMumif;t&m? tcsuftvufrsm;tm; rdrdzwf½Iaomusrf;xJüvnf;aumif;? ¤if; usrf;tm;jyKpkol a&;om;onfh tjcm;usrf;rsm;üvnf;aumif;? (odkU)tvm;wl pmaytrsKd;tpm; wdkUü ½SmazGyg/ or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;udk a&;om;olrSm 0dnmOfawmf wpfyg;wnf; omvQifjzpf &um;? or®musrf;pmtm; taumif;qHk; teufjyefolrSm or®musrf;pmyifjzpfonf/

5/ ordkif;aMumif;ESifh tjzpftysufrsm;taMumif; rdrd\avhvmrIrsm;udkppfaq;&ef taxmuftuljyK pmtkyfrsm;oHk;yg/ (u) avhvmrIESifh wGJzufaomor®musrf;pmrsm; (c) or®musrf;pmqdkif&m okwpG,fpHkusrf;rsm;? vufpGJpmtkyfrsm;ESifh tbd"gefrsm;? (*) or®musrf;pm rdwfqufpmtkyfrsm; (C) teufzGifhusrf;rsm;/ (þtqifhü twdwfumvu ,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh ,ckvuf½Sd,HkMunf olrsm;onf rdrd\avhvmrItm;ulnD&efESifh trSm;jyif ay;Ekdif&ef cGifhjyKyg)

4/ or®musrf;pmteufjyefrItm; vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;? ,ckvufawGUtoHk;csjcif;tydkif;odkU OD;vSnfhMurnf/ rdrdzwf½IaomtaMumif;t&mtm; rl&if;twdkif; em;vnfoabmaygufEkdif&ef tcsdef,lcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ ,ckwpfcg ¤if;udk rdrdtoufwmxJ? rdrd,mOf aus;rIe,fy,fxJüyif toHk;cs&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm\tcGifhtmPmudk uRefawmft"dyÜg,f owfrSwfyHkrSm ]]rl&if;usrf;jyKolonf rdrdacwf? rdrdumvü ajymonfh t&mtm;em;vnfum? tqdkyg or®mw&m;ukdyif ,aeU uRefawmfwdkU\acwfumvü vufawGUtoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf}}[líjzpf\/ rl&if;usrf;jyKonfh tcsdefumvESifhtusKd;taMumif; oabmjzifh&nf½G,fonfht&mtm; teufjyefazmf xkwfrIudk vufawGUusifhoHk;rIu vdkufygvm&ygrnf/ or®musrf;pmtydk'fwpfydk'fonf olUacwfolUtcgu ajymcJhaomt&mtm; em;rvnfrcsif;? ,aeUrdrd\acwfumvtwGuf toHk;jyKEkdif rnfr[kwfacs/ usrf;ydk'fwpf ydk'f\qdkvdkcsuf r[kwfcJhbl;aomt&mwpfckonf? ,aeUumv\ qdkvdkcsufvnf;rjzpfEkdifacs/ tao;pdwfazmfjyonfh t"dutaMumif;t&maumufEIwfcsuftm; pmydk'fwpfcktjzpf csJUía&;om;rI onf(ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif;\tausmh#3) oif\vrf;nTefjzpfaeayrnf/ vufawGY toHk;csjcif;tm; pum;vHk; tqifhür,lbJ? pmydk'ftqifhüom ,l&ygrnf/ pum;vHk;wpfvHk;onf ¤if;pum;vHk;ESifh tquftpyfrsm;üom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ 0gustydkif;wpfydkif;onf ¤if;tydkif;ESifh tquftpyfrsm;ü t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ teufjyefjcif; vkyfief;pOfü 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;&½SdolrSm rl&if;usrf;jyKol omvQifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm 0dnmOfawmf \½Sif;vif;azmfjyrItm;jzifh? rl&if;usrf;jyKolOD;aqmifac:oGm;&maemufü vdkufoGm;Mujcif; omjzpfonf/ odkUaomf ½Sif;vif;atmif azmfjyrIrSm rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfacs/ ]]bk&m;½Sif þodkUrdefUqdkonf}}[kqdkum? rl&if; usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsufüom NrJjrHae&efjzpfonf/ vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;onf a&;om;csuf wpfckvHk;\a,bk ,s&nf½G,fcsuf? pmaytrsKd;tpm;ESif tus,fcsJU xm;aompmydk'f tqifhwdkYESifh twdtusqufpyfae&ygrnf/ uRefawmfwdkU\ ,aeYacwfumvtaMumif;t&mtm;jzifh or®musrf;pmudk teufjyef cGifhrjyKygESifh/ or®m usrf;pmudkom pum;ajymapyg/ xdkUaMumifh rl&if;pmrSed,rrsm; qGJxkwf&ef vdktyfaumif; vdktyfEkdifonf/ rdrd xkwfEIwfonfhed,ronf rl&if;pmESihfudkufnDygu w&m;0ifjzpfygonf/ uHraumif;? taMumif;rvSpGmyif uRefawmfwdkU\ed,rrsm;onf rl&if;pm\ ed,rrsm; r[kwfrlbJ? ]]uRefawmfwdkU udk,fydkif}}\ ed,rrsm;omvQif jzpfavhjzpfx½Sdonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; vufawGUtoHk;jyK&mü or®musrf;pm½Sd usrf;wpfusrf;twGuf qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,f wpfrsKd;wnf;omvQif w&m;0ifonf/ (tem*wådusrf;rsm;ürl xdkodkUr[kwfacs/) tqdkyg qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,frSm rl&if;usrf;jyKolu ta&;wBuD;jzpfaom(0g)olUtcsdefolUtcgu vdktyfcsuf

wpfcktm; &nfpl;ajymqdk&mü xm;½Sd aom &nf½G,fcsufESifhqufpyfonf/ xdkwpfrsKd; aomqdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,frS jzpfEkdifacs½Sdaom vufawGYtoHk;csrI rsm;pGm&,lEkdifonf/ þvufawGU toHk;csjcif;onf xdkusrf;tm; vufcH&½Sdolrsm;\vdktyfcsufay: tajcjyK xm;jcif;jzpfonfhjyif? rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fESi qufpyfae&ygrnf/

5/ teufzGifhjcif;ü 0dnmOfa&;&mtydkif; tckxd uREfkyfaqG;aEG;oifjyaeonfrSm teufzGifhjcif;ESifhtoHk;csjcif; vkyfief;pOfü yg0ifaomaMumif;usKd; pOf;pm;awG;awmjcif;ESifh rl&if;pmqdkif&mrsm;jzpfonf/ ,ckteufjyefjcif;\ 0dnmOfa&;&mtydkif;tm; tusOf;csKHU aqG;aEG;wifjyyg&ap/ u/ 0dnmOfawmf\ulnDyHhydk;rItwGuf qkawmif;yg/ (1aum 1;26- 2;6)

c/ rdrdod½Sdaomtjypfrsm;rS tjypfvTwfjcif;ESifh oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapa&;twGuf qkawmif;yg/ (1a,m 1;9)

*/ bk&m;ociftm; ydkrdkBuD;rm;pGm od½SdvdkaompdwfqE´arG;jrLEdkif&ef qkawmif;yg/ (qmvH 19;714/ 42;1/ 119;1)

C/ tawG;tjrifopfwpfckck&ygu csufjcif;toHk;jyKyg/ i/ ESdrfhcspGmjzifh oGefoifí&aomol wpfa,mufjzpfaeygap/ tusKd;taMumif;qufpyfrIjzpfpOfESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifvrf;jyrIwdkUtMum; [efcsuf nDnD qufvufxdef;xm;a&;rSm tvGefcufcJonf/ þt&mESpfck[efcsufnDap&ef atmufyg &nfnTef;csufwdkY onf uREfkyfudkrsm;pGmyHhydk;onf/

u/ James W.Sire \]]vdrfwGefUaom or®musrf;pm}} pmrsufESm 17-18 (Scripture Twisting pp. 17-18)

]]½Sif;vif;oabmaygufapjcif;tvkyfonf 0dnmOfawmfESifhjynhf0ol vufa½G;pif vlvufwqkyfpmrsm;ü omvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;pdwfxJü a&muf½Sdvmonf/ c&pf,mefü okcrdef tqifhtwef;r½Sd?tMum; tjrifaygufol[lí oD;oefUr½Sd? rSefuefaomteufjyefrI tm;vHk;vm&rnfh oD;oefYvlyk*¾dKvf[lír½Sdacs/oefU½Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfonf ynm0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;? xdk;xGifodjrifjcif; qkaus;Zl;? 0dnmOfa&;qdkif&m cGJjcm;odjrifwwf jcif;qkaus;Zl;rsm;ay;onfrSm rSefaomfvnf; EIwfuywfawmftm; teufzGifh&ef tcGifhtmPmudk 0dnmOfqkaus; Zl;&½Sdol þc&pf,mefrsm;üom tyfESif;onfr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocifxHrS txl;wwfpGrf;EkdifrI&½Sdxm;ol tqdkyg vlrsm;tay:üyif tcGifhtmPmydkifvltjzpf &yfwnfaeum? or®musrf;pmtm; &nfnTef;udk;um;vsuf avhvm qnf;yl;&ef? pD&ifqHk;jzwf&efESifh ydkif;jcm;odjrif&ef bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\vlwdkif;tm; tyfESif;xm;onf/ þusrf;wpfusrf;vHk;twGuf uREfkyf\t,ltqtusOf;csKH;rSmor®musrf;pmonf vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;odkU bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjyrItppftrSefjzpfonf/ ¤if;ajymqdkonfh t&mcyfodrf;wdkUonf uRefawmfwdkU\ tqHk;pGefaom tcGifhtmPmjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf zHk;uG,fxm;onfh vQKdU0Sufaomt&mr[kwfrlbJ? vlrsKd;ra½G; aumif;rGefvHkavmufpGm em;vnf oabmaygufEdkifaom usrf;jzpfonf/

ü awGY½Sd&on Kiekegaard \]]umodkvpfr[kwfolrsm; or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyefyHk}}

]]or®musrf;pmtm; o'´genf;us? rl&if;bmompum;&yfrsm;tm;jzifh? ordkif;aMumif;tajccHum avhvm jcif;wdkUrSm vdktyfonfrSefaomfvnf; t"durSm or®musrf;pmtm; ppfrSefpGmzwf½Ijcif;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm tm; bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGufpum;tjzpf zwf½Ijcif;[lonf rdrd\ESvHk;om;tm;jzifh ajrmfvifhwBuD;? ajczsm; axmufum? bk&m;ocifESifhpum; pjrnfajymjcif;tjzpf EIwfxJr zwf½I&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; rqifr jcifjzpfap? jzpfovdkjzpfap? ynmESifhjzpfap? tvkyfoabmjzifhjzpfap zwf½Ijcif;wdkUrSm or®musrf;pmtm; bk&m; ocif\EIwfuywfawmftaejzifh zwf½Ijcif;r[kwfacs/ vlwpfa,mufonf ¤if;tm; rdrd\cspfol&nf;pm; ay;ydkU onfhpmwpfapmif tvm;zwf½IonfhtcgüomvQif ¤if;tm; bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftjzpfzwf½Ijcif;rnf ayonf}}f/ */ H. H. Rowley \ ]]qDavsmfrI½Sdaom or®musrf;pm}} (The Relevance of the Bible) pm? 19 ]]or®musrf;pmtm; OD;aESmuftm;jzi em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf ¤if;\ b@wdkuftvHk;pHktm; tjynfht0ydkifqdkifapEdkifvdrfhrnfh r[kwfacs/ xdkodkUaom em;vnfoabmayguf jcif;onfvnf; jynfhpHkpGm oabm aygufjcif;twGuf r½Sdrjzpf ta&;BuD;t&mjzpfojzifh ½IwfcsrIjyKjcif; r[kwfacs/ þusrf;tm; tjynfht0 em;vnfoabmayguf&efqdkvQif ¤if;\ 0dnmOfb@ wdkuftaMumif;tm; 0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnf oabmaygufrI vdktyfonf/ xdkodkU 0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnf oabmaygufjcif;½Sdap&ef todnmPfqdkif&m Edk;Mum;rIxuf ausmfvGefaom t&mwpfckvdktyfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;udpöudk 0dnmOftm;jzifhom cGJjcm;odjrifEkdifonfjzpf&um;? or®musrf;pm oif,lavhvmolonf rdrd\ odyÜHenf;usavhvmrIudk ausmfvGefum? usrf;wumwdkU\ usrf;jzpfaom þusrf;\ ydkrdk<u,f0aomtarGtESpfrsm; ydkifqdkif&½Sd&eftvdkUiSg? rdrdudk,frdrd udk,fawmfjrwfxH qufuyftyfESH Edkifa&;twGuf bk&m;ociftm; ½SmazGawGU½Sdvdkonfh jyif;jyaom qE´ESifh? 0dnmOfa&;&m emcHwwfaompdwfae pdwfxm;½Sd&ef vdktyfonf/}}

6/ þteufzGifhusrf;\enf;vrf; þteufzGifhjcif; avhvmrIvrf;nTef\teufzGifhjcif; vkyfief;pOftm;ulnD&ef atmufygtwdkif; pDpOf xm;onf/ u/ usrf;wpfusrf;pDtm; rdwfqufay;onfhordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m tusOf;csLHU/ ywfvnf zwf½Ijcif;tausmh # 3 NyD;pD;NyD;aemuf þu@udk ppfaq;avhvmyg/ c/ usrf;pum;csif; qufpyfrIoabmudk tcef;BuD;wpfcktpwdkif;ü awGU&avh½Sdonf/ pma&;om;rI yHkpH rnfodkUwnfaqmuf xm;yHktm;odEkdif&ef ¤if;onf taxmuftul jyKvdrfhrnf/

tcef;BuD;wpfcef;\tp(0g)pmpkBuD;wpfcktpü pmydk'fcGJrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYtaMumif; a&;om;azmfjyaom acgif;pOfrsm;udk acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü xnfhay;xm;onf/

\rl&if;*&d? jyefvnfrGrf;rHaom pwkw¬tBudrf yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif;

6/ The Jerusalem Bible (JB) pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;wdkUudk taMumif;t&m qufpyfrI tm;jzifh pDppf&efjzpfonf/ bmomjyefjcif;ESifht,ltqcsif;? "r®ynmtjrifcsif; rwluGJjym;jcm;em;aom acwfopfbmomjyef usrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;rS EIdif;,SOf avhvmonfhtcg rl&if;usrf;jyKol rnfodkY awG;awmaMumif; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmí rdrd\ t,ltqwpfckudk wnfaqmufEdkifpGrf;½Sdaponf/ pmydk'fwpfck pDü t"du or®mw&m;wpfckonf ¤if;udk ]]acgif;pOf0gus(0g)]]rl&if;pm\ t"dutawG;tMuH}}[kac: onf/ pkpnf;aygif;pyfay;aom þawG;awmcsuf onf ordkif; aMumif;qdkif&mESifh o'´genf;us teuf jyefjcif;twGuf aumif;aomaomhcsufjzpfonf/ teufjyef&müjzpfap? w&m;a[m&mü jzpfap?oifMum; ydkUcs&müjzpfap? pmydk'fwpfydk'fxuf enf;aomtpdwftydkif;udk tajcjyKum rnfonfhtcgürQ rjyK&yg/ xdkUjyif pmydk'fwpfydk'fpDonf ¤if;\ ab;ywf0ef;usifpmydk'frsm;ESifhvnf; qufpyfvsuf½Sdonf/ xdkUaMumifh usrf;wpfusrf;\ t"dutaMumif;t&mtm;aumufEIwf&mü pmydk'fwpfydk'fpmjyKjcif;rSm ta&;BuD;vSonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;cH&ol? rl&if;usrf;jyKol ajymjyonfhtaMumif;t&m\ usKd;aMumif; qifjcifrIa&,OfaMumudk uRefawmfwdkU vdkufwwf&ayrnf/

C/ uRefawmf(Bob) \rSwfpkrsm;onf tcef;i,fwpfckNyD;wpfck teufjyefjcif;yHkpHudk vdkufygonf/ ¤if;enf;onf uRefawmfwdkUtm; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ pdwful; tawG;aemufudk vdkuf&ef wGef;tm;ay; onf/ uREfkyf\rSwfpkrsm;onf atmufyg u@ toD;oD;taMumif; ajymjyonf/

pmta&;tom;csif; qufpyfrI

ordkif;aMumif;? xHk;wrf;"avhqdkif&m todtjrifrsm;

o'´gydkif;qdkif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;

pum;vHk;avhvmrIrsm;

tvm;wl qDavsmfrI½Sdaomusrf;ydk'frsm;

þteufzGifhusrf;ü toHk;jyKonfh New American Standard Version (1995) tm; tcsKdUae&mrsm;ü tjcm; acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzifh jznfhpGwfxm;onf/

New King James Version (NKJV) rl&if;vufa&;pmrl ''Textus Receptus'' udkvdkufonf/

The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) rSm vHk;aphywfaph jyefvnfrGrf;rGrf;aom usrf;jzpf onf/

The Today's English Version (TEV) rSm American Bible Society \ tjynfht0udkufnDaom bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/

The Jerusalem Bible (JB) rSm jyifopfumodkvpftoif;awmf\tjynfht0 udkufnDaomt*Fvdyf bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonf/

*&dbmom rwwfuRrf;olrsm;onf t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; EIdif;,SOfavhvmygu rl&if;pmyg jyomemrsm; rnfodkUjzpfaMumif; em;vnfEdkif&ef yHhydk;Edkifygonf/

tcef;BuD;wpfcef;\tqHk;wdkif;ü tqdkygtcef;BuD;\ t"duteufjyefrItm; OD;wnfonfh qDavsmf aomaqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; jyifqifay;xm;ygaMumif;/

a&mrMo0g'pmrdwfquf

Introduction to epistle of Romans tzGifhazmfjycsufrsm;

u/ a&mrMo0g'pmonf wrefawmfBuD;aygvk\pepftusqHk;ESifh usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI tjynfh0qHk; Mo0g'usrf; jzpfonf/ a&mrNrdKUawmf tajctaet&yf&yf\ tusdK; oufa&mufrI rsm;pGm&Sdojzifh? þusrf;rSm ‘]]tcsdefwefíjzpfvmaom}} rSwfwrf; wpf&yfjzpfonf/ þMo0g'pmudk aygvka&;om;&eftaMumif;zefvmaomt&mwcsdKU&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þMo0g'pmrSm jyóemukdifwG,f&ef (,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh wpfyg; trsdK;om; acgif;aqmifydkif;wdkY tMum;remvdkrIjyóemjzpfEdkifonf/ 14;1-15;13ESpfck udkEdIif;,SOfyg)/ aygvka&;om;aom pmrsm;teuf jyif;xefrItenf;yg;qHk;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onftoufwmtwGufrnfodkYt"dyÜg,f&SdaMumif;tm;þMo0g 'pmü&Sif;vif;pGmwifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ c/ a&mrMo0g'pmonf*vmwdMo0g'pmygor®mw&m;qdkif&m"r®ynmwdk;wufjzpfay:rIonf/ {zufMo0g'pmrSm a&mrMo0g'pmtm; tusOf;csKHum wpfywfjyef ausmhaom wdk;wufrIjzpfonf/ aygvka[majymaom {0Ha*vdw&m;onf ajymif;vJjcif; r&Sdaomfvnf;4if; tm;wifjyyHkwifjyenf;rSm ajymif;vJonfomjzpf\/

a&mrMo0g'pmü{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm;aygvkwifjyyHkonf acwfumvwpfckpDwdkif;ü &Sdaomtoif;awmfwGif; b0toufwmüMoZmoufa&mufonf/

1/ Mo*ufpwif Augustine onf at'D 386 üa&mr 13;13-14 tm;zwf&mrS ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/

2/ u,fwifjcif;w&m;tm; Martin Luther em;vnfyHkonf at'D 1513 ü qmvH 31;1 ESifh a&mr 1;17 ([AuúKwf2;4ESifh EdIif;,SOf)wdkYudkEdIif;,SOf&mrS jywfom;pGmajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/

3/ John Wesley *Ref0DpvDonf at'D 1738 üvef'efNrdKUxJusif;yonfh Mennonite toif;awmfpnf;a0;yGJ wpfcktem;vrf;avQmuf oGm;&if; rmwifvlom;\ a&mrMo0g' pmrdwfquf a'oemtm;pmjzifh zwfMuonfudk Mum;&mu ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/ xdkaeYtpnf;ta0;ü owfrSwfxm;onfh w&m;a[mq&may:rvmojzifh txufyg twdkif; rmwifvlom\ pmjzifh a&;om;xm;onfh a'oemtm; zwfMum;jcif;jzpfonf/

C/ a&mrMo0g'pmtm;em;vnfjcif;onfc&pf,mefjzpfjcif;tm;em;vnfjcif;jzpfonf/ þMo0g'pmonfa,½I\b0toufwmESifh oGefoifrIrsm;tm; acwfumvrsm;tm;vHk;ü toif;awmftwGuf or®mw&m;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfcsay;onf/ rmwlvlom;uþ Mo0g'pmtm; ]]"r®opfusrf;\ t"dutusqHk;usrf;ESifh tpifMu,fqHk;aom {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;jzpfonf/}} [kqdkonf/

i/

uREfkyfonf,HkMunfolvlopfrsm;tm;aeYpOfor®musrf;pmzwf½Ijcif;tusifh pwif&eftm; ay;wdkufwGef;avh&Sdonf/ xdkodkYjyK&mü"r®opfusrf;\ usrf;oHk;usrf;jzifh pwif&eftm; ay;axmufcHonf/

1/ a,½ItaMumif;em;vnf&ef a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;

2/ toif;awmfrsm;tm;a,½IoGefoifonfh t&mrsm;udkem;vnf&efa&mrMo0g'pm

3/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;twdkif;aeYpOfrnfuJhodkYtouf&Sif&rnfudkod&Sd&ef yxra,m[efMo0gpm usrf;jyKol

usrf;jyKolrSmaygvkyifjzpfonf/ ol\EIwfqufpum;ajymjcif;yHkpHtm; 1;1 üawGU&onf/ aygvk\ ]]ukd,fcE©müpl;aomql;}} qdkonfrSmrsufpdrIefjcif;jzpfonf[k trsm;tm;jzifh oabmwlxm;MuonfESifhtnD olonfþ Mo0g'pmudkrdrdukd,fwdkif ra&;bJTertiusaw&wdac: pma&;wpfa,muftoHk;jyKonf/ (16;22)/ tcsdefumv

u/ a&mrMo0g'pmudka&;om;csdefrSmat'D56-58twGif;jzpfEdkifonf/ þESpfumvrSm "r®opfusrf;wpfusrf;tm;a&;om;csdeftjzpftwdtusowfrSwfEdkifaomESpfumvjz pfonf/ 4if;udkwrefawmf 20;2 ESifh a&mr15;17wdkYtm; EIdif;,SOf&mrS &&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmudkaygvk\ wwd,ajrmuf omoemjyKc&D; tqHk;ydkif;ü a,½kpvifNrdKUodkY rxGufcGmrDaum&dEÅKNrdKUü a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpf [ef&Sdygonf/

c/ aygvka&;om;aomMo0g'rsm;\ ouú&mZfpOfjyZ,m;/ F.F Bruce ESifh Murry Harris wdkY\tenf;i,fjyifqifa&;om;csufudk,lxm;onf/

ESpfumv

wrefawmf0w¬KESifh qufpyfrI

qD;&D;,m;^tEÅDtkwf 14;28/ 15;2

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aum&dEÅK

rmaua'ged

rwdkifrD {zuf (¿)

2wdarmao 63 at?'D 64

a&mr vufcH&&Sdolrsm; a&mrNrdKUodkYydkY&efjzpfaMumif;Mo0g'pmxJüazmfjyonf/ a&mrNrdKU toif;awmf wnfaxmifol rnfoljzpfaMumif;rod&Sd&acs/ u/ yifawukawåyGJawmfaeYü tvnfa&muf&SdoltcsdKUonf ajymif;vJrI&&Sdum tdrfjyefa&muf onhftcg toif;awmf pwifcJhMujcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (wrefawmf 2;10) c/ oawzefaoqHk;NyD;aemufa,½kpvifNrdKUüñSif;yef;ESdyfpufrItwGif; xGufajy;oGm;aomwjynfhawmfrsm; jzpfEdkifonf/ (wrefawmf 8;4) */ aygvk\omoemjyKc&D;rsm;ü ajymif;vJrI&&SddcJhaom a&mrNrdKUodkYc&D;oGm;olrsm;jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkonfþtoif;awmfodkYroGm;a&mufcJhbl;aomfvnf;? oGm;a&muf&efawmihfwonf/ (wrefawmf 19;21)/ xdkNrdKUüolYrdwfaqGrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ (a&mr 16)/ a,½k&SvifNrdKUodkY ]]arwåmvufaqmif}} rsm;ay;ydkYNyD;aemuf pydefjynfodkY oGm;&if; a&mrNrdKUodkY0if&ef olpDpOfcJhaMumif; xif&Sm;onf (a&mr15;28)/ ajrxJyifv,f ta&SUydkif;a'oürdrdtrIawmf vkyfief;NyD;pD;cJhNyD[k aygvkcHpm;&onf/ e,fopfrsm;odkY olajcqefYvdkonf (a&mr15;20-21ç 28)/ aygvk\pmudkaum&dEÅKNrdKUrS a&mrNrdKUodkY ydkYay;olrSm oif;axmuf trsdK;orD;wpfa,mufjzpfNyD;? olrrSmxdkt&yfodkYc&D;oGm;rnfholjzpfonf (a&mr16;1)/ yxr&mpkESpftwGif; *sL;vlrsdK;&GufzsifwJcsKyfvkyfolwpfa,mufu aum&dEÅKNrdKU\ acsmifusaom vrf;rsm;ü aeuma&;om;cJhaomþpmonftb,faMumifhþrQwefbdk;&Sd&oenf;¿ rmwifvlom; uþpmudk ]]"r®opfusrf;ü t"dutusqHk;aomusrf;ESi tpifMu,fqHk;aom {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;}} [kac:qdkonf/ þusrf;\wefbdk; udk{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; euf½dIif;pGm&Sif;vif; azmfjy&müawGU&dS&onf/ þusrf;udk wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmf[kac:qdkol? *sL;bmomq&mBuD;wjzpfvJ? wm½INrdKUom;a&Smvka&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvka&;om;aompmtrsm;pk rSma'oEÅ&t&yfa'owpfckESifh tao;pdwf oufqdkifavh &Sdaomfvnf; a&mrMo0g'pmürl xdkodkYr[kwfacs/ þusrf;rSmwrefawmfBuD; wpfyg;\ ,HkMunfrItm;pepfwus wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;taMumif;&Sif;vif;a&;om;&mü ,aeY c&pf,mefrsm; toHk;jyKonfh enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m a0g[m&trsm;pkkjzpfaom ajzmifhrwf&müwnfapjcif; (justification)? rSwf,ljcif; (imputation)? om;t&may;jcif; (adoption)ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; (sactification) wdkYrSmþa&mrMo0g'pmrS jzpfaMumif;owdjyKrdygovm;¿ 4if;onf *vmwdMo0g'pmyg or®mw&m;qdkif&m "r®ynmwdk;wwfjzpfay:rIjzpfonf/ ,aeYuRefawmfwdkY\ b0toufwmtwGuf bk&m;&Sif\tvdkawmfudktwlwuGpl;prf;avhvm&mü bk&m;&Sifonf þMo0g'pmtm;jzifhthHMozG,f&mjyygrnftaMumif;qkawmif;yg/

&nf&G,fcsuf

u/ pydefjynfodkYol\omoemjyKc&D;pOftwGufa&mrNrdKUtoif;awmf\tultnDawmif;jcif;/ aygvkonfajrxJyifv,fta&SUydkif;ürdrd\omoemjyKvkyfief;NyD;pD;oGm;cJhNyD[kjrifonf/ (15;20-23ç28)/

c/ a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; jzpfay:onfh,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh ,HkMunfol wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum;jyóemtaMumif;ajym&ef/ þjyóemrSm *sL;vlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk; a&mrNrdKUrSESifh xkwfcHNyD;aemuf olwdkYjyefvnfa&muf&Sdvm&mrS jzpfay:jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ xdkpOfu*sL;vlrsdK; c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm;ae&mü wyg;trsdK;om; c&pf,mef acgif;aqmifrsm;jzifh tpm;xdk;xm;onf/ */ olYudk,fola&mr toif;awmfESifh rdwfquf&ef/ a,½k&SvifNrdKUrS oabm xm;pifMu,fonfh *sL;vlrsdK;ajymif;vJolrsm;ua&m (wrefawmf15u a,½k&Svif aumifpDudk Munfhyg)/ oabmxm; rpifMu,fonfh*sL;rsm; (*vmwdMo0g'pmESifh 2aum&dEÅK 3?10-13rsm;üawGU&onfh*sL;bmom0ifrsm;) tygt0if wpfyg; trsdK;om;rsm; (aumavmoJESifh{zufNrdKUrsm;rS) jzpfonfh {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm; rdrdwdkYcspfjrwfEdk;onfhoDtdk&Drsm; (0g)tawG;tac: rsm;ESifh a&maESmvkdolrsm; (Oyrm aemhpwpf0g'Drsm;) uaygvkudk rsm;pGmqefYusifbuf jyKMuonf/ C/ aygvktm;a,½I\oGefoifrIrsm;udk t&rf;um a&mjznfhpGufvsuf aMumufp&m aumif;avmuf atmiftqef;xGif oltjzpfpGyfpGJcJhMuonf/ olonf"r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh a,½I\oGefoifrIrsm;udk (c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;)toHk;jyKvsuf? ola[majymonfh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rnfrQppfrSefaMumif;jyojcif;tm;jzifhrdrdudk,frdrd a&mrMo0g'pmtm;jzifh pepfwusumuG,fjcif;jzpfonf/

rdufqufpum; (1;1-17)

EIwfqufpum; (1;1-7)

(6-7u)

tcsdeftcg^tjzpftysuf (1;8-15)

OD;wnfcsuf (1;16-17)

bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;vdktyf (1;18? 3;20)

1/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ avmuqkwf,kwfaejcif; (1;18-3;20)

2/ *sL;rsm; (0g)wyg;trsdK;om; odu©m&Sifrsm;olawmfaumif;a,mifaqmifaeMujcif;(2;116)

3/ *sL;rsm;tm; w&m;pD&ifjcif; (2;17-3;8)

4/ wpfavmuvHk;tm;jypf'PfpD&ifjcif; (3;9-20)

*/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf tb,fenf; (3;21-8;39)

1/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom ajzmifhwfrI&&Sdjcif; (3;21-31)

2/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;\tajccHbk&m;ocif\uwdawmf (4;1-25)

(1)tmjA[H\rSefuefaom&yfwnfrI (4;1-5)

(2)‘'g0d'f (4;6-8)

(3) tmjA[HESifh ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;qufpyfrI (4;9-12)

(4) tmjA[HtwGuf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf (4;13-25)

3/ ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufjcif; (5;1-21)

(1) pdwfydkif;qdkif&mjrifuGif;-rxdkufwefaomarwåmawmf? rnDrQaom0rf;ajrmufrI (5;1-5)

(2) yifyrSjrif&aomtajccH-tHhbG,farwåmawmf (5;6-11)

(3) tm'Honf c&pfawmftm;yHkaqmif-tm'HjypfrSm;jcif;? bk&m;ocif\ axmufyHhrI (5;12-21)

4/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;onfvlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;üajzmifhrwfrIjzpfay:ap&rnf (6;1-7;25)

u/ tjypfrSvTwfajrmufonf (6;1-14)

(1) &nf&G,faomjiif;ckefjcif;wpfck (6;1-2)

(2) a&ESpfr*Fvm\t"dyÜg,f (6;3-14)

c/ pmwef\aus;uRef (0g)bk&m;ocif\ aus;uRefrdrda&G;cs,frI twdkif; jzpfonf (6;15-23)

*/ vlonfynwfawmfESifh vufxyfxdrf;jrm; (7;1-6)

C/ ynwfawmfonf aumif;aomfvnf;? tjypfonf aumif;aom t&mudkqD;wm; (7;7-14)

i/ ,HkMunfolü tqdk;ESifh taumif;\xm0&wdkufcdkufrI (7;15-25)

5/ bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh qdkifaomjrifomonfh&v'frsm; (8;1-39)

(1) 0dnmOfawmftxJutouf (8;1-17)

(2) zefqif;cHowå0grsm;tm; a&G;EIwfjcif; (8;18-25)

(3) 0dnmOfawmf\ rjywfrvyfaxmufrrI (8;26-30)

(4) ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfrIonf w&m;pD&ifjcif;tay:atmifEdkifjcif; (8;31-39)

C/ vlom;tm;vHk;twGufbk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fcsuf (9;1-11;32)

1/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;tm;a&G;aumufjcif; (9;1-33)

(1) ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;tarG;cHoltppfrsm; (9;1-13)

(2) bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPm (9;14-26)

(3) wavmuvHk;twGufbk&m;&Sif\tpDtpOfü wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;vnf;yg/(9;27-33)

2/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;u,fwifjcif; (10;1-21)

(1) bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh vl\ajzmifhrwfjcif;NydKifbufjzpf (10;1-13)

(2) bk&m;ocif\*½kPmawmfonfowif;ydkYrnfholrsm;vdktyfvmaponf/ urÇmhomoemjyKvkyfief;twGufzdwfac:onf (10;14-18)

(3) tpöa&;rsm;c&pfawmfudk r,HkMunfyJqufvuf&Sd (10;19-21)

3/ tpöa&;\½IH;edrfhjcif; (11;1-36)

(1) *sL;t<uif;tusefrsm; (11;1-10)

(2) *sL;rsm;\ remvdkrI (11;11-24)

(3) tpöa&;acwårsufpduef;jcif; (11;25-32)

(4) aygvkxHrS yGifhxGufvmaomcsD;rGrf;rI (11;33-36)

i/ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif; qkaus;Zl;\&v'f (12;1-15;13)

1/ qufuyf&efurf;vSrf;jcif; (12;1-2)

2/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;toHk;jyKjcif; (12;3-8)

3/ ,kHMunfoltcsif;csif;wdkY\ qufqHa&; (12;9-21)

4/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh qufqHa&; (13;1-7)

5/ tdrfeD;csif;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; (13;8-10)

6/ udk,fawmfeSifh qufqHa&; (13;11-14)

7/ toif;oltoif;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; (14;1-12)

8/ tjcm;olrsm;tay:rdrdwdkY\ tusdK;oufa&mufrI (12;13-23)

9/ c&pfawmfESifh oP²mefwlrltm;jzifh qufqHjcif; (15;1-13) p/ ed*Hk;csKyf (15;14-33)

1/ aygvkudk,fwdkif\ tpDtpOf (15;12-29)

2/ qkawmif;ay;&ef arwåm&yfcHjcif; (15;30-33) q/ jznfhpGufcsuf (16;1-27)

1/ EIwfqufpum;rsm; (16;1-24)

2/ aumif;csD;ay;jcif; (16;25-27) zwf½Ijcif;jzpfpOfwpf (pm viii ü-½I)

4if;rSmteufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;ñTefjcif;tm;avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&mü rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[kqdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonfrdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef &müoifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifhjcif; tvkyfudk teufzGifh usrf;a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ usrf;wpfusrf;tm;wpfxdkifwnf;ESifhtNyD;zufyg/ tqdkygusrf;wpfusrf;vHk;\t"duOD;wnfcsuftm;rdrdudk,fydkifpum;jzifhazmfjyyg/

1/ usrf;wpfckvHk;\ OD;wnfcsuf

2/ rnfuJhodkYaompmayta&;tom;rsdK;jzpfaMumif; (genre)

Zwf½Ijcif;jzpfpOfESpf (pm viii -½I)

4if;rSmteufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;ñTefjcif;tm;avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&mü rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"ge tusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm; tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ tqdkygusrf;udkyif wpfxdkifwnf;jzifh 'kwd,tBudrfzwfyg/ t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk tusOf;a&;umtqdkygtaMumif;t&mu 0guswpfckwnf;jzifhazmfjyyg/

1/ yxrtkyfpk\taMumif;t&m

2/ 'kwd,tkyfpk\taMumif;t&m

3/ wwd,tkyfpk\taMumif;t&m

4/ pwkw¬tkyfpk\taMumif;t&m

5/ tjcm;...

a&mr 1 acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm;tydkif;vdkufcGJjcif;1

UBS4 NKJV NRSV TEV NJB EIwfqufjcif; 1;1-7 EIwfqufpum; 1;1-7

EIwqujci; 1;1-6 1;7u 1;7 c

a&mrNrdKUokdY aygvkoGm;vdk 1;8-15

aus;Zl;awmf aygvkoGm;vdk 1;8-15

aus;Zl;awmfcsD; rGrf; jcif; 1;8-15

EIwqujci; 1;1 1;2-6 1;7u 1;7 c

csD;rGrf;jcif; aom qkawmif;jcif; 1;8-12 1;1315

rdefYqdkjcif; 1;1-2 1;3-7

aus;ZlawmfcsD;rGrf; ESifhqkawmif;jcif; 1;8-15

{0Ha*vdw&m; \wefcdk; 1;16-17

ajzmifhrwfolo nf ,HkMunjci;jzi touf&Sif 1;16-17

usrf;\OD;wnfcs u jyjci; 1;16-17

{0Ha*vdw&m; \wefcdk; 1;16-17

{0Ha*vdw&m;\ OD;wnfcsuftm;azmf 1;16-17

1 pmydk'frsm;onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm; vdkufem&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ acwfopfbmomjyef usrf;wpfckpDonf tcef;BuD;wpfckudk tydkif;cGJumtusOf;csKyfMuonf/ pmydk'fwpfckpDü t"duacgif;pOf wpfckor®mw&m; (0g) tawG;tac: wpfckpD&Sdonf/ bmomjyefusrf;wpfckpDonf tqdkyg acgif;pOfudk rddrdenf; rdrd[efjzifh tusOf;csKyfMuonf/ taMumif;t&mudk zwf&if;tqdkyg taMumif;t&mESifh tcef;i,f ydkif;jcm;rIrsm;tm; rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufyHkonf rnfonfh bmomjyefusrf;ESifh udkufnDaMumif; pOf;pm;yg/ tcef;BuD;wpfckwdkif;tm; or®musrf;pmüyxrOD;pGmzwf½Ium 4if;üyg0ifonf taMumif;t&mrsm; (pmydk'frsm;) udkcGJjcm; owfrSwfEdkif&efBudK;pm;yg/ NyD;aemuf rdrdem;vnf&yHktm;acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ rlvusrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;ol\tawG;tac:ESifh wifjyyHktwdkif; em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifrSom or®musrf;pmudkem;vnf oabmaygufEdkifygonf/ rl&if;usrf;jyKolomvQif 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfum pm½Iolrsm;ü rl&if;usrf;jyKolajymonfht&mtm; ajymif;vJ&ef (0g) qDavQmfatmifjyifqifydkifcGifhr&Sdacs/ or®musrf;pmzwf½Iolrsm;\wm0efrSm0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;xm;aom or®mw&m;tm;rdrdwdkYb0toufwmü vufawGUtoHk;cs&efjzpfonf/ a0g[m&rsm;ESifh twdkaumufpmvHk;rsm;udk aemufqufwGJwpf? ESpf ESifh oHk;wdkYü jynfhpHkpGm&Sif;vif;xm;ygonf/

vlom;üt jypf&Sd jcif; 1;18-23 1;24-32

rajzmifhrwfol rsm;tay:trsuf awmf 1;18-32

tjypf tm;bk&m;&Si w&m;pD &ifjcif; 1;18-23 1;24-25 1;26-27 1;28-32

vlom;üt jypf&Sd jcif; 1;18-23 1;24-25 1;26-27 1;28-32

wyg;trsdK;om;rsm; tm;bk&m;&Sifjyeff vnfay;qyfjcif; 1;18-23 1;24-25 1;26-27 1;28-32

Zwf½Ijcif;jzpfpOfoHk; (pm viii -½I) 4if;rSmteufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;ñTefjcif;tm;avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm;rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&mü rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"ge tusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm; tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ xdktcef;BuD;udkwpfxkdifwnf;ESifhzwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd\ taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkYESifh EIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuf tm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\ t"du rPÖKdifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&m wpfckjzpfNyD;? pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmydk'f

wwd,pmykd'f

tjcm; ...

pum;tquftpyfudkMunfhí em;vnfEdkifjcif; (Contextual Insights) u/ ti,f 1-7 onftzGifhpum; jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmaygvka&;aompmrsm;teuf t&SnfqHk;aom tzGifhpum;jzpfonf/ olonfrdrdtm; vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifhrodcJh&bJ? olYtaMumif; raumif;owif;rsm;Mum;cJh aumif;Mum;cJhEdkifaom toif;awmfwpfyg;tm;rdrdudk,frdrdESifh olY"r®ynm tawG;tac:tm; rdwfquf&ef tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ c/ ti,f 8-12 rSmaus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;aomtzGihfqkawmif;csufjzpfonf/ 4if;onf *&dvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh txl;ojzifhaygvk\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ */ ti,f 16-17 onfusrf;\t"dutaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/

C/ ti,f18 rS 3;20 onf yxrtkyfpkESifh aygvka[maom {0Ha*vdw&m;\ yxrtcsufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;(tkyfpk3-rsdK;) ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;ojzifh u,fwif&ef vkdtyfonf (urÇm3)/

1/ tusifhoDvuif;aom omoemyvlrsm;

2/ tusifhoDv&dSaom omoemyvlrsm;

3/ *sL;rsm; i/ a&mr 1;18-3;20 onf urÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3udka&mifjyef[yfonf/ (*sL;usrf;wwf q&mBuD;rsm;onfvl\ ADZtjypftjzpfurÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD;6 udk xl;qef;pGm tm½HkjyK Muonf/ vlom;udkbk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m,jyK&efoP²mefawmfESifh tnD zefqif;onf (urÇmOD;usrf;1;26-27)/odkYaomf vlom;onftodOmPf? wefcdk;ESifh vGwfvyfrIudk a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ trSefrSmvlom;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\csD;ajr§mufrItm;rdrdudk,frdrdcsD;ajr§mufrItm;jzifh tpm;xdk; vJvS,fcJhMuonf/ (bk&m;rJhvlom;0g') þtqHk;tjzwfay;jcif;udkbk&m;ocifcGifhjyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\ oP²mefjzpfjcif; qdkonfrSm wm0ef&Sdjcif;? udk,fhusifh w&m;t& wm0ef&Sdjcif;\tusdK;qufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí rdrd\ pdwfapwem tavQmufvGwfvyfjcif; jzpfonf/bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;tm; rdrd\ a&G;cs,frI?olwdkY\ a&G;cs,frIESpfckpvHk;tm;jzifh oD;jcm;cGJonf/ (ESpfOD;ESpfzuf y#dnmOfw&m;tm;jzifh qufqHjcif;) udk,fawmfonf olwdkYtm;rdrdwkdY\ twåESifh4if;\ aemufqufwGJrsm;tm;vHk;ESifh twla&G;cs,fydkifcGifh ay;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf pdwfemoGm;cJhaomfvnf; (urÇmOD;6;5-7) vlom;wdkYrSm rlvkyfydkifcGifh tjynfht0ESifh 4if;aMumifh jzpfvmaomwm0ef&dSjcif; tvHk;pHkjzifh udk,fusifhw&m; vGyfvyfolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ]]tyfvdkufawmfrlonfESifhtnD}} qdkonfhpum;pktm; xyfcgwvJvJazmfjyjcif;onf (1;24?26?28) tqdkygvGwfvyfrI tm;todtrSwf jyKjcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\ wrifoufoufjiif;qefjcif;r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIr[kwf/ þurÇmrSmbk&m;ocif&nf&G,fxm;onfh urÇmrsdK;r[kwfacs/ (urÇmOD; 3;22/ 6;5-7?11-13) p/ 1;18-3;20\ "r®ynmtm;jzifh tusOf;csKyfudk 3;21-31ü awGU&onf/ 4if;rSm vlom;tm;vHk; tjypfjyKcJhMuNyD bk&m;ocif\ tjypfvGwfjcif; vdktyfonf[laom {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;ESifh yxrOD;qHk;aom "r®ynmqdkif&m tcsufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf jyefvnfírdwfo[m,jzpfEdkif&ef vrf;aMumif;wpfcktm; u½kPmoufpGmjzifh jyifqifay;xm;onf/ ({'ifO,smOf tawGUtBuHKtm; urÇmOD; 1-2 ESifh Asm'dwf 21-22 wdkYjzifhEdIif;,SOfjcif;)/ q/ {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm; aygvkwifjycsufjzpfonfh þyxrtkyfpküpdwf0ifpm;p&mrSm tjypfxJusqif;aom vlom;tm;rdrdwdkY\ykefuefrIESifh tjypftwGufwm0ef&Sd&mwGifpmwef (0g) ewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;tm;xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;r&SdrIjzpfonf/ (a&mr1;18-3;20)/ þtydkif;onfurÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3 udka&mifjyef[yfonf rSefaomfvnf; tjypfjyK&ef aoG;aqmifol yk*¾dKvftjzpf wpfpHkwpf&mtm;azmfjyrIr&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf

tjypfvkyfaomvlom;tm;pmwefudkaomfvnf;aumif; (urÇmOD; 3;13)? rdrdbk&m;ocif udkaomfvnf;aumif; (urÇmOD;3;12)? aemufwzeftjypfwifcGifhrjyKawmhacs/ vlom;udk bk&m;ocif\oP²mefawmfESifh tnDzefqif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇmOD; 1;26/5;1? 3/9;6)/ olwdkYüa&G;cs,f&eftcGifhta&;? wefckd;ESifhwm0ef&Sdayonf/ olwdkYürdrdwkdY a&G;cs,frItwGuf tm'HtxJüwpf&yfvHk;tay:ESifh rdrdudk,fwdkif jyKaomtjypf twGufwpfOD;csif;ü wm0ef&SdMuonf/ (3;23)/

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkrsm;tm;avhvmjcif; 1;1 ]]aygvk}} aygvkacwfumv *sL;vlrsdK;trsm;pkü emrnfyxrydkif;ü*sL;emrnfwpfvHk;? 'kwd,ydkif;ü a&mremrnf wpfvHk;[líemrnfESpfvHk;&SdMuonf/ (wrefawmf13;9)/ aygvk\ *sL;emrnfrSm a&Smvkjzpfonf/ olonfa&S;acwftpöa&;bk&ifBuD;a&Smvkenf;wl bif*srif tEG,fjzpfonf (a&mr11;1/ zd3;5)/ *&dyHkpHol\ a&mremrnfrSmaygvk (aygvkpf)NzpfNyD; ]]ao;i,fonf}}[kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ 4if;u&nfñTef;aeonfrSm-

NASB(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf; 1;1-6 1a,½Ic&pf\ uRefigaygvkonf wrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpfac:zdwfcH&olESifh? bk&m;ocif\ {0Ha*vdw&m; twGuf oD;oefYcGJxm;jcif; cH&oljzpfonf/ 2xdkw&m;onf oefY&Sif;aomor®musrf; pmürdrd\ ya&mzufrsm;tm;jzifh uwdxm;awmfrlaom 3vlYZmwdtm;jzifh'g0d'ftrsdK;jzpfawmfrlxaom 4oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aojcif;rS xajrmufawmfrlaom? bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif; wefcdk;awmftm;jzifh xif&Sm;awmfrl aomrdrd om;awmftaMumif;jzpfownf;/ 5igwdkYonf xdkociftm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfESifh wrefawmft&mudk&Mu\/ 64if;rSma,½Ic&pfawmf\ ac:zdwfcH&oloifwdkY tygt0ifvnf;jzpfaom? wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;txJüemrawmftbdkYtvdkiSg?,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcHMuap&efjzpf\/

1/ "r®opfusrf;xJü ryg0ifaom 'kwd,&mpkESpftwGif;a&;om;onfh aygvk\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; (The Acts of Paul) ac:usrf;wpfusrf;\tcef;BuD;wpfckü oufomavmedNrdKUtaMumif;a&;om;&mü ]]aygvkESifh ouf(cf)vm Paul and Thekla}} qdkaomemrnfESpfckyg0ifonf/

olonftoif;awmfudk ñSif;yef;cJholjzpfjcif;aMumifh (1aum 15;9/ {zuf3;8/ 1wd 1;15) oefY&Sif;olrsm;teuf ti,fqHk;tjzpfolYudk,folodjrifonf/

olarG;bGm;pOfrdbrsm;ay;onfh emrnf a&G;cs,f&ef # 3 rSm taumif;qHk; jzpf[ef&Sdonf/

NKJV, NRSV, TEVESifh JB bmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü ]]tapcH}} [koHk;onf/ þt,ltq\ jzpfEdkifajcwkdYrSm

qefYusifbuftjzpf

"r®a[mif;usrf;xJu *kPfjyKjcif;bGJUemrwpfck (awm12;7 ESifh a,m1;1 wkdYüarma&S? a,m24;29üa,m½IESifh qmvHusrf;rsm;(acgif;pOf)ESifh a[&Sm,42;1-19/ 52;13 wkdYü'g0d'ftoD;oD;wdkYtoHk;jyKcJhMuonf/

NASB, TEV, NJB, REB “c&pfawmfa,½I}} NKJV, NRSV ]]a,½Ic&pfawmf}}

]]c&pfawmfa,½I}} rSmydkítoHk;enf;ojzi rl&if;toHk;tEIef;jzpfEdkifygonf (MSS P10, B)/ UBS4onf4if;tm; ]]B” tjzpfowfrSwfonf/ (aocsmoavmufjzpfonf)/ rnfodkYjzpfaptjcm;yHkpHwpfckü rSefaMumif;oufaocdkifvHkonf/ (MSS P26, א, A, D,G ESifh ueOD; toif;awmfzcifBuD;trsm;pkwdkY). aemufqufwGJESpf &Sdrl&if;usrf;qdkif&m tuJjzwfrIt,ltqrsm; acgif;pOfüMunfhyg/ rl&if;usrf;uGJrsm; teuftrsm;pkwkdYrSm þuJhodkYyif rl&if;*&dusrf;\ tajccHt"dyÜg,fudk rnfokdYrQ rxdckdufacs/

]]wrefawmft&mücefYxm;aom}} 4if;rSmol\a&G;cs,frI r[kwfbJ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ (wrefawmf9;15/ *vmwd1;15/ {zuf3;7)/ aygvkonf þpum;pk tm;jzifhrdrd\0dnmOfa&;&mt&nftcsif;ESifh tcGifhtmPmudkrdrdrjrifcJhbl;aomtoif;awmftm; tcdkiftrmajymqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ olonf 1aum1;1/ 2aum1;1/ *vmwd 1;1/ {zuf1;1/ aum1;1/ 1wd1;1/ wd1;1 wdkYüvnf; tvm;wljyKonf/ t*Fvdyfusrf;pmwGif 1;6 üygonfh “ ac:jcif;cH&aom” - Called pum;vHk;tm; txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/

Koine a0g[m&wrefawmf - apostle onfyxr&mpkESpftwGif;ygvufpwdkif; *sL; todkif;t0dkif;ü ]]udk,fpm;jyKol tjzpf½Hk;awmfrS apvTwfjcif;cH&ol}}[kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (2&m17;7-9)/ þa0g[m&udk"r®opfusrf;üt"dyÜg,fESpfrsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/ (1) txl; wjynfhawmf wpfq,fESpfOD;ESifh aygvk (2) toif;awmfü qufvuf&Sdaeaom0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfrsdK; (1aum12;28-29/ {zuf4;11)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / apvTwfonf (APOSTELLÕ) 4if;rSmtrsm;oHk;*&dpum; ]]apvTwfonf}} (apostellō) jzpfonf/þa0g[m&ü"r®ynmqdkif&moHk;EIef;yHktrsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf/ 1/ *sL;q&mBuD;rsm;onf þpum;vHk;udktjcm;vlwpfa,muftm;½Hk;awmfqdkif&mudk,fpm;jyKoltjzpf ac:zdwfum? apvTwfjcif;cH&oltjzpftoHk;jyKonf/ t*Fvdyfpum;vHk; ]]ambassdor} oHwrefESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ (2aum5;20)

2/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü þa0g[m&udk crnf;awmfuapvTwfaoma,½ItjzpfoHk;avh&Sdonf/ a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;ü þa0g[m&udkar&Sd,ESifh qdkifíxyfcgwvJvJoHk;onf/ (róJ10;40/ 15;24/ rmuk9;37/ vkum9;48ESifh txl;ojzifh a,m[ef4;34/ 5;24? 30?36? 37? 38;6;29? 38/ 39? 40? 57/ 7;29/ 8;42/ 10;36/ 11;42/ 17;3? 8? 18? 21? 23? 25/ 20;21)/ 4if;udka,½Iu,HkMunfolrsm; tm;apvTwfjcif;üoHk;onf/ (a,m[ef17;18/ 20;21)/

3/ "r®opfusrf;onf4if;udkwjynfhawmfrsm;üoHk;onf/ u/ rl&if;twGif;vlwpfq,fhESpfa,mufjzpfaomwjynfhawmfrsm;(vkum6;13?wrefawmf1;2122)/

c/ wrefawmfrsm;\tulrsm;ESifh vkyfabmfaqmifbufrsm;jzpfaomtxl;tkyfpkwpfck

(1) AmeA (wrefawmf14;4?14)/

(2) taNE´medwfESifh ,ked (KJV, Junia,a&mr16;7)

(3) tmaygvk (1aum4;6-9)

(4) ocifbk&m;\nD,mukyf (*vmwd1;19)

(5) odvTmEk ESifh wdarmao (1ouf1;1)

(6) wdwkvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ (2aum8;23)

(7) {yajzm'dwfvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ (zd2;25) */ toif;awmfüqufvufaom0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfrsdK; (1aum12;28-29/ {zuf4;11)/

4/ c&pfawmfudkudk,fpm;jyKoltjzpfbk&m;ocifay;onfhrdrd\tcGifhtmPmudk tcdkiftrmjyKjcif; enf;vrf;wpfck tjzpfaygvkonf rdrda&;om;aom pmtrsm;pkwdkYü þbGJUemrudkrdrdüoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (a&mr1;1/1aum1;1/ 2aum1;1/ *vmwd1;1/ {zuf1;1/ aum1;1/ 1wd1;1/ 2wd1;1/ wdwk1;1)/

]]a&G;cs,fcGJxm;í – set apart }}4if;rSmtjyKcHBud,m (PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE) jzpfíbk&m;ocifonf olYtm;twdwfumvüyif a&G;cs,fcGJxm;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD;? (a,&rd1;5 ESifh *vmwd1;15) 4if;twdkif;qufvufjzpfaeonf[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ tm&rdpum; ]]zm&d&SJ}}pum;vHk;\pum;vdrfvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ olwkdYrSm*sL;bmompnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;vdkufemusifhoHk;&efa&G;cs,fcGJxm; (oD;jcm;cGJxm;) jcif;cHolrsm;jzpfNyD; (aygvkonfvnf; «zd 3;5» 'rmoufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:üa,½IESifh rawGUrDuvnf; zg&d&SJwpfa,mufyifjzpfcJh) aomfvnf; ,cktcg{0Ha*vdw&m; twGuf oD;jcm;cGJxkwfjcif; cH&oljzpfonf/ 4if;pum;vHk;rSma[NAJpum;vHk; ]]oefY&Sif;}} (BDB 872) ESifh qufpyfNyD; ]]bk&m;ociftoHk;jyK&ef oD;oefYcGJxm;onf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf (xGufajrmuf19;6/ 1ay2;5)/

oefY&Sif;olrsm; -saint? oefY&Sif;pifMu,faponf-sanctify ESifh oD;oefYcGJxm;onf ]] set apart}} wkdYtm;vHk;rSm*&dpum; ]]oefY&Sif;}} – holy (hagios) rS,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

]]bk&m;ocif\ {0Ha*vdw&m;twGuf}} þtydkif;ESifh (ti,f5 ü) ygaom*&d0dbwf eis onfaygvk tm; ]]ac:jcif;}} (i,f 1)ESifh ]]oD;oefYcGJxm;jcif;}} (i,f 1) wkdY\&nf&G,fcsufudkjyonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; - gospel rSm ]]aumif;aom}} –good(eu) ESifh ]]owif;}} –message (angellos) wdkYaygif;pyfaom pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifuwdjyKonfh ar&Sd,t&SifESifh qdkifaom (i,f3-4) y#dnmOfw&m;opfü zGifhjyxm;onfh Mo0g' tm;&Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef þa0g[m&udktoHk;jyKonf/ (a,&rd31;31-34/ a,Zausv 36;2232)/ 4if;rSm ]]om;awmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;}} (i,f 2) jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdw&m;jzpfNyD;? aygvk\{0Ha*vdw&m;r[kwfacs/ (15;16? rmuk1;14/ 2aum 11;7/ 1ouf2;2ç 8?9/ 1ay4;17)/ aygvkonfpwefYxGifolr[kwf/ "avhxHk;pH ESpfrsdK;a&mpyfolr[kwfbJ? rdrdvufcH&&Sdxm;onfh or®mw&m;tm; a[majymolomvQif jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 9/ 1aum1;18-25)/

1;2

]]a&S;urdrdya&mzufrsm;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pmü *wdxm;awmfrlonf}} þ0gusüygaomBud,m (AORIST MIDDLE (deponent) INDICATIVE)udk aygvk a&;aompmrsm;üomoHk;onf/ (þae&mESifh 2aum9;5ü)/ {0Ha*vdw&m;rSm bk&m;ocifonf aemufydkif;rSm&&Sdvmaompdwful;tawG;r[kwfbJ? &nf&G,fcsuf jzifhxm0& BuHpnfaomt&m jzpfonf/ (urÇmOD;3;15/ 12;3/ xGufajrmuf19;5/ a[&Sm,3/ qmvH118/ rmuk10;45/ vkum2;22/ wrefawmf2;23/ 3;18/4;28/ wdwk1;2)/ wrefawmf0w¬KtxJ ueOD; w&m;a'oema[mcsufrsm;ü (kerygma) a,½IrSm "r®a[mif;acwfüjyKcJhaomuwdawmfrsm;ESifh tem*wådpum;rsm;\NyD;jynfpHkjcif;tjzpfwifjyonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;udk "r®opfusrf;üazmfjyyHkESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/ 1/ ]]usrf;pmvmonf}} (0g) ]]usrf;pm}} 2wd3;16/ 2ay3;16/ 2/ usrf;pm (rsm;) ya&mzufrsm;ESifh qdkifívnf;4if;udk ñTef;qdkavh&Sdonf/ usrf;pma&;om;olrsm;rSm ya&mzufrsm;yifjzpf onf[k *sL;rsm;rSwf,lxm;Muonf/

]]ynwådusrf; (0g) tem*wdåusrf;}} ró J5;17-18/vkum24;44 udkvnf;Munfhyg/

]]ya&mzufpum;}} vkum24;27

]]ya&mzufwdkY\usrf;pmrsm;}} róJ26;56

]]tem*wdåusrf;pmrsm;}} a&mr16;26 (a&mr1;2 üvnf; ]]ya&mzufrsm;}} [líyg&Sdonf/)

]]usrf;pm\tem*wdåpum;}} 2ay 1;20 ]]oefY&Sif;}} [laom emr0daoeudk ESpfae&mü wGJxm;onf/

1/ ]]oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pm – Holy Scripture}} (]]ya&mzufrsm;\}} qdkonfhpum;vHk;vnf;yg onf) a&mr1;2/

2/ ]]oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pm – sacred writings}} 2wd3;15

txl;taMumif;t&m// ueOD;toif;awmf\tpDtrH

u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;übk&m;ocifay;aomuwdawmfrsm;onf ar&Sd,a,½I<uvmjcif;jzifh,ckjynfhpHkvm cJhNyD/ (wrefawmf2;30/ 3;19?24/ 10;43/ 26;6-7?22/ a&mr1;2-4/ 1wd3;16/ a[NAJ1;1-2/ 1ay1;10-12/ 2ay1;18-19/)

c/ bk&m;ocifonfa,½Itm;a&ESpfr*FvmcHcsdefü ar&Sd,tjzpfbdodwfay;cJhonf/ (wref10;38)/

*/ a,½Ionfa&ESpfr*FvmcHNyD;aemuf *gvdave,fü trIawmfpwifonf/(wref10;37)

C/ ol\trIawmfrSmaumif;rIjyKjcif;ESifh bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfjzifhthHMobG,f&mrsm;vkyfaqmifjcif; jzpfonf/ (rmuk10;45/ wref2;22/ 10;38)

i/ bk&m;ocif\xm0&tBuHtpnfESifh tnDar&Sd,rSmvuf0g;uyfwdkifay: wifowfcH&onf/ (rmuk 10;45/ a,m[ef3;16/ wref2;23/ 3;13-15?18/ 4;11/ 10;39/ 26;23/ a&mr8;34/ 1aum 1;17-18/ 15;3/ *vmwd1;4/ a[NAJ1;3/ 1ay1;2?19/ 3;18/ 1a,m4;10)/

1;3 ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmfESifh qdkifaom}} owif;aumif;\t"duowif;pum;rSm tysdKunmrm&drS bGm;jrif;olemZ&ufNrdKUom; a,½Iwnf;[laomyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;üvlrsdK;awmf? xdkbk&ifESifhar&Sd,wkdYudk ]]om;}} [kac:onf/ (2"r®7;14/

p/ olonfaojcif;rS jyef&Sifxajrmufum? olUwjynfhawmfrsm;xHay:vmonf/ (wref2;24?31-32/ 3;15?26/ 10;40-41/ 17;31/ 26;23/ a&mr8;34/ 10;9/ 1aum15;4-7? 12/ 1ouf1;10/ 1wd3;36/ 1ay1;2/ 3;18?21/ q/ bk&m;ocifonfa,½Iudk ]]t&Sifocif}} Lord [laomemrawmfudkay;umcsD;ajr§mufonf/ (wref2;25-29? 33-36/ 3;13/ 10;36/ a&mr8;34/ 10;9/ 1wd3;16/ a[NAJ1;3/ 1ay3;22/ Z/ bk&m;ocif\vlYtzGJUtpnf;opftm; zGJUpnf;xlaxmif&efolonf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfay; onf/ (wref1;8/ 2;14-18/ 38-39/ 10;44-47/ 1ay1;12) ps/ olonfw&m;pD&if&efESifh t&mcyfodrf;wdkYtm;e*dkrlvtaetxm;jyefa&mufap&efjyefvnf<uvmOD; rnf/ (wref3;20-21/ 10;42/ 17;31/ 1aum15;20-28/ 1ouf1;10) n/ {0Ha*vdowif; pum;Mum;&olwdkif; tjypfudkaemifw&um a&ESpfr*FvmcHMuonf/ (wref2;21/ 38/ 3;19/ 10;43? 47-48/ 17;30/ 26;20/ a&mr1;17/ 10;9/ 1ay3;21)/ þpDrHcsufonfueOD;toif;awmf\ ta&;BuD;qHk;a[majymonfht&mjzpfonf/ "r®opf usrf;a&;om;olrsm;onfrdrdwdkY\a[majymrIü rdrdwdkYtom;ay;vdkonfhtjcm;tcsuf? tjcm;tydkif; rsm;&SdEdkifygonf/ rmukc&pf0ifusrf;wpfckvHk;onfayw½k\ pDrHrIyHkoP²mefudkeD;pyfpGmvdkufonf/ rmukc&pf0ifusrf;udka&mrNrdKUü ayw½ka[majymcsufrsm;udk c&pf0ifusrf; wpfcktjzpfwnfaqmufa&; omcsuftjzpf tpOftvmtm;jzifh½Ijrifxm;Muonf/ róJESifh vkumESpfckpvHk;onfrmuk\tajccH wnfaqmufyHkudkvdkufMuonf/

1;3- a[ma&S11;1/ qmvH2;7/ róJ2;15)/ "r®a[mif;umvü bk&m;ocifonf tapcHrsm;ESifh ya&mzufrsm;rSwqifhpum;ajymonf/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\tapcHr[kwfacs/ rdom;pk0ifjzpfonf/ (a[NAJ1;1-2/ 3;6/ 5;8/ 7;28)/

tHhMop&maumif;onfrSm þusrf;xJwGif þae&müomvQif aygvkonfc&pfawmf\ aqGpOf rsdK;quftaMumif; t"duxm;azmfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmonf "r®ynmtm;pepfwusavhvmrI tjynfhtpHkr[kwfacs/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\om;awmf þonfrSm "r®opfusrf;ü a,½I\t"dubGJUemrawmfrsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ 4if;übk&m;qdkif&m t"dyÜg,fyGm;bGJUemrrsm;&SdonfrSm aocsmonf/ 4if;txJüa,½Itm; ]]om;awmf}} (0g) ]]igom;}} [lí vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifudkrl ]]zcif}} [kac:qdkjcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rSm"r®opfusrf;ü 124Budrfyg onf/ a,½Iurdrdudk,frdrd ]]vlom;}} tjzpfac:qdkjcif;onfyifvQif'Ha,v7;13-14rSbk&m;ocif\bGJU emryGm;wpfckjzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]]om;}} [laombGJUemronf tkyfpkav;cktm;&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

1/ aumif;uifwrefrsm; (trsm;udef;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ urÇmOD;6;2/ a,mb1;6/ 2;1)

2/ tpöa&;bk&if (2"r®7;14/ qmvH2;7/ 89;26-27)

3/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;wpfckvHk;tm;NcHKvsuf(xGufajrmuf4;22-23/ w&m;a[m14;1/ a[ma&S11;1/ rmvcd2;10)

4/ tpöa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm; (qmvH82;6)

a,½IESifhqufpyfonfrSmeHygwfESpftoHk;tEIef;rsdK;jzpfonf/ þodkYjzifh]]'g0d'f\om;awmf}} ESifh ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} ESpfckpvHk;onf 2"r®17/ qmvH2ESifh 89wkdYESifhqufpyfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;üar&Sd,ESifh pyfvsOf;í ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} qdkonfhtoHk;tEIef;r&Sdacs/ tem*wf\&Sifbk&iftaejzifhtpöa&;qdkif&m ]]bdodwfcHaom&mxl;rsm;}} teufwpfrsdK;tjzpfazmfjy rIwpfckomvQifcRif;csuftjzpf&Sdygonf/rnfodkYjzpfap - Dead Sea Scrolls ac:aemufqHk; awGU&Sdaom"r®a[mif;usrf;rl&if;rsm;ürlar&Sd,tm;&nfñGef; jcif;oabmoufa&mufrItm;NcHKíawGU &onf/ (wdusaom tñTef;rsm;udk Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels pm? 770üMunfhyg)/ *sL;rsm;\jr§Kyfxm;aomusrf;y,fESpfusrf;wkdYüvnf; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} Gospels pm? 770üMunfhyg)/ *sL;rsm;\jr§Kyfxm;aomusrf;y,fESpfusrf;wkdYüvnf; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} [lonfar&Sd,\ bGJUemrwpfckjzpfonf/ (2 Esdras 7: 28; 13:32, 37, 52; 14:9; II Enoch 105:2)/ "r®opfusrf;ü 4if;onfa,½Itm;&nfñTef;aMumif;ae&m tawmfrsm;rsm;üaumif;pGmtusOf;csKHUazmf jyxm;onf/

1/ a&S;rqGu&SdcJhjcif; (a,m[ef1;1-18)/

2/ twktEdIif;uif;aom (tysdKunmrS) bGm;jrifjcif;(róJ1;23/ vkum1;31-35)/

3/ a&ESpfr*FvmcH,ljcif; (róJ3;17/ rmuk1;11/ vkum3;22/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifu toHon qmvH2 urif;rsdK;EG,fbk&ifBuD;ESifh a[&Sm,53u qif;&J'ku©cHaomtapcHuRefwdkYudk aygif;pyfay;onf/)

4/ pmwef\aoG;aqmifrIcHjcif;(róJ4;1-11/ rmuk1;12?13/ vkum4;1-13/ rdrd\om;awmf t&mtm;oHo,0ifap&ef(0g) rdrd\&nf&G,fcsuftm; vuf0g;uyfwdkifr[kwfaom enf;vrf; jzifhNyD;ajrmufap&efaoG;aqmifcH&onf/)

5/ vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mr[kwfaom0efcHolrsm;u ol\om;awmft&mtm; twnfjyKMuonf/ u/ eufqdk;rsm; (rmuk1;23-25/ vkum4;31-37?41/ rmuk3;11-12/ 5;7)/ c/ r,HkMunfolrsm; (róJ27;43/ rmuk14;61/ a,m[ef19;7)/

6/ olYwynfhawmfrsm;u ol\om;t&mtm;twnfjyKMuonf/ u/ róJ14;33/ 16;16/ c/ a,m[ef1;34?49/ 6;69/ 11;27/

7/ oludk,fwdkif\twnfjyKcsuf u/ róJ11;25-27/ c/ a,m[ef11;36/

8/ bk&m;ociftm; zciftjzpfodompGmwifpm;ac:a0:jcif;/ u/ bk&m;ociftm;]]tAÁ}} tjzpfazmfjyjcif;/

1^ rmuk14;36/

2^ a&mr8;15/

3^ *vmwd4;6/ c/ rdrdESifh bk&m;&Sif\awmfpyfrItm;a&;om;azmfjy&efzcif (Pat

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'g0d'ftrsdK;jzpfawmfrlxaom}} 4if;onf 2"r®7uya&mzufjyKcsufESifh qufpyfonf/ ar&Sd,onf ,k'trsdK;(urÇmOD;49;4-12/ a[&Sm,65;9) 'g0d'frif;rsdK;EG,f (a[&Sm,9;7/ 11;1?10/ a,&rd23;5/ 30;9/ 33;15) rSjzpfonf/ róJc&pf0ifusrf;ü a,½Itm;'g0d'ftrsdK;tjzpftBudrf tawmfrsm;rsm;todtrSwfjyKxm;onf (1;6/ 9;27/ 12;23/ 15;22/ 20;30? 31/ 21;9?15/ 22;42) / 4if;onf'g0d'ftrsdK;rS vmaomu,fwif olwpfyg;<uvm&ef arQmfvifhjcif;udk xif[yfapygonf/ aygvkonfa,½IESifh qdkifaom þtjrifudktxl;rjyKjcif;rSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/ olonf þtjrif udkþae&mESifh 2wd2;8üomazmfjyNyD;? ueOD;toif;awmf\ ,HkMunfjcif;yHkpHwpfckrS ,lumazmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ NIDNTTtwGJ 3? pm 61 üc&pfawmf\rsdK;½dk;ESifh qdkifaom,HkMunfrI^"r®oDcsif;^ bk&m;&Sdcdk; pmrsm;tm;xif [yfaponfh "r®opfusrf;csuftawmfrsm;rsm;azmfjyxm;onf/ (Oyrm a&mr 1;3-4/ 8;34/ 1aum15;3-4/ zd2;6-11/ 1wd3;16/ 2wd2;8/ 1ay3;18-1;3;14)/

NASB, NKJV NRSV

TEV

NJB

vlYZmwdtm;jzifh

vlom;tjzpfjzifh

vlUobm0t&}}

4if;onfa,½IrSm

vlom;jzpfaMumif; ya&mzufjyKcsufjynfhpHkjcif;ESifh

4if;tm; twnfjyKcsufjzpfonf/ þtcsufudkyxr&mpkacwftm; vTrf;NcHKonfh bmoma&; avmuüjiif;qdkonf/ (1a,m 1;1-4/ 4;1-3)/ aygvkonf ]]aoG;om;^Zmwd}} -flesh (sarx) qdkaoma0g[m&udktqdk;buftjrifjzifhoHk;avhr&SdaMumif; þusrf;ydk'fü &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/ (2;28/ 9;3)/ xdkpum;jzpfonfhaoG;om;^Zmwdpum;vHk;udkaygvku ]]0dnmOf}} \qefYusifbuf t&mtjzpftoHk;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (6;19/ 7;5? 18?25/ 8;3-9? 12?13/ 1aum5;5/ 2aum1;17/ 11;18/ *vmwd3;3/ 5;13? 16? 17-19?24/ 6;8/ {zuf2;3/ aum2;11?13?18?23)/ ti,f4 ESifh ,SOfwGJí ]] kata (according to )-tm;jzifh}} [laompum;oHk;onf/ a,½Ionfvlom; (vlYaoG;om;^Zmwdtm;jzifh^t&i,f -3) ESifh bk&m; (0dnmOftm;jzifh? i,f - 4) jzpfonf/ vljzpfvmjcif; rSm tqHk;jzwfay;onfhta&;BuD;tcsufjzpfonf/ (1a,m4;1-3)/ 4if;onf ]]vlom;}} [l aombGJUemrrSm a,½Iudk,fwkdifa&G;cs,fjcif;jzpfonfqkdonfh oabmvnf; oufa&mufEdkifonf/ (vlom; -qmvH8;4/ a,Z 2;1 ESifh bk&m;- 'Ha,v7;13)/

/ aoG;om;^Zmwd FLESH (sarx)

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tjyKcH (passive)Bud,m–

AORIST PASSIVE

jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfa,½Itm; ]]bk&m;ocif\om;awmf}} tjzpf

cefYxm;onf/ þodkY qkdjcif;aMumifh AufvifNrdKUonf a,½I\ tpjzpfonf(0g)olonf crnf;awmf xufydkrdk tqifhedrfhonf[k rqdkvdkacs/ 8;11 \txl;taMumif;t&m/ oHk;ygwpfqlüMunfhyg/ wwd,pmydk'fudkatmufüMunfhyg/  ]]wefcdk;ESifh wuGbk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaom}} "r®opfusrf;jyKpkolrsm;onfa,½Itm; ]]bk&m;ocif\ om;awmf}} qdkonfhbGJUemrjzifhrMumcPazmfjyavhr&SdMuacs/ (róJ4;3)/ þoabmrSm ]]twktEIdif;uif;ol? wpfrsdK;wpfpm;wnf; - unique one of kind }} (monogenes a,m[ef1;18/ 3;16? 18/ 1a,m4;9) [laom pum;vHk;tm;jzifhvHkavmufaeNyDjzpfonf/ odkYjzifht"dyÜg,frSm ]]bk&m;ocif\wpfyg;wnf;aom ppfrSefonfh om;awmfa,½I}} [líjzpfonf/ 1;3 \txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/ "r®opfusrf;ü crnf;awmfbk&m;ESifh om;awmfa,½Iqdkif&m "r®ynmqdkif&m 0if½dk;ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/

1/ olwkdY rSmwef;wlnDMuonf/ (a,m[ef1;1/5;18/ 10;30/ 14;9/ 20;28/ 2aum4;4/ zdvdyÜd 2;6/ aum1;15/ a[NAJ1;3) odkYaomf

2/ oD;jcm;yk*¾dKvfjzpfMuonf/ (rmuk10;18/ 14;36/ 15;34) [líjzpf\/ aygvkonfueOD; umvc&pfawmfqdkif&m t,l0g'tm;azmfjyjcif;(0g) qmvH2;6?7 (0g) 110;1 (wref2;34-36) üazmfjyaomxm0&bk&m; (YHWH) \ ar&Sd, bk&ifBuD;tm; t&dyft>ruf azmfjyjcif;jzpf Edkifonf/ olonfxdkodkYjyKjcif;aMumifh

]]wefcdk;ESifhwuG bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaom}} qdkonfhpum;pktm;tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (NIDNTTtwGJ2? pm 79) 4if;onfol\ bGm;jrifjcif; (0g)a&ESpfr*Fvm tm;pl;pdkufjcif;r[kwfbJ? aumif;uifodkY wwfjcif;tm;pl;pdkufonf/ rnfokdYjzpfap Adoptionist

Christologies ac: (cufqpft"dyÜg,f &Sif;vif;jcif;üMunfhyg) t,l0g'pGJudkifol rsm;urltxufygusrf;ydk'ftm;rdrdwdkY\udk,fydkiftaMumif;jycsuftwGuftoHk;jyKMuonf/ usrf;ydk' fwpfpkudktajcjyKum or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;enf;vrf;ESifh omqdk&if wpfa,mufa,mufonf or®musrf;pmuwpfckcktm; (rdrdBudKuf&m) ajymonf[kqdkEdkifonf/ (uREkfyf\ 0ufbfqdk'f www.freedbiblecommentary.org üor®musrf;pmenf;usteufjyefjcif; uREfkyf\ ydkYcsrIudk Munfhyg)/

]]aojcif;rSxajrmufawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh}} crnf;awmfbk&m;onf a,½I\b0toufwmESifh ola[maom owif;pum;tm; olYudkaojcif;rS xajrmufapjcif;tm;jzifh twnfjyKcJhonf/ (4;24/ 6;4?9 8;11/ wref2;31-33)/ a,½Ionfbk&m;ocifyifjzpfaMumif;ESifh (a,m[ef1;114/ aum1;15-19/ zdvdyÜd 2;6-11/ a[NAJ1;2-3) ol\aojcif;rS &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif; (4;25/ 10;9-13/ 1aum15)wkdYrSm c&pf,mef\trTmtlwkdifBuD;ESpfwdkifjzpfonf/

t,l0g'rSm;,Gif;onfh ]] adoptionism }} 0g'Drsm;ubk&m;ocifonf a,½Itm;ol\ emcHjcif; yHkoufaoaumif;xlrIaMumifh qkcsum;csD;ajrmufjcif; jzpfonf[laom tqdktwGuf þusrf;ydk'fudk toHk;jyKavh&Sd Muonf/ t,lvTJrSm;aomolwdkYu a,½Ionf tpOfxm0&bk&m;r[kwfcJhbJ (ontologically) bk&m;ocifuolYtm;aojcif;rS &Sifjyef

xajrmufpaonfhtcg bk&m;jzpfvmonf[kqdkMuonf/ þtcsufrrSefaMumif;&Sif; vif;vSaMumif;tm; a,m[ef 1 ESifh 17 wdkYuJhokdYaomusrf;ydk'ftrsm;tjym;üxif&Sm;aomfvnf; a,½I&Sif jyefxajrmufonfhtcg tHhMobG,f&mu olYütyfESif;onf/ bk&m;udk rnfuJhodkY qkcsD;jr§ifhEdkifaMumif;azmfjy&ef cufcJaomfvnf;xdktwdkif;yifjzpfysufonf/ a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifhtwl xm0&bkef;awmf cHpm;&onfrSefaomfvnf; olYtm;tyfESif;xm;onfh a&G;EIwfjcif;wm0eftm;ynfh0pGmNyD;pD;apjcif;tm;jzifholY*kPfj'yfrSmwpfenf;wpfzHkydkrdk<u,f0oGm;a ponf/ emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½I\b0? yHkoufao?

oGefoifrIESifh ,Zfaumif tjzpftaocHjcif;wkdYtm; twnfjyKjcif; tjzpfcrnf;awmf onfolYudkaojcif;rS xajrmuf aponf/ tpOfxm0&bk&m;? vlom;ppfppf? pHkvifjynfh0aomu,fwif&Sif? ed*dkaejyefjzpf apjcif;ESifh qkcsD;jr§ifhcH&ol? twktEdIif;rJhaomom;awmfjzpfonf/ aemufqufwGJoHk;Adoptionism (arG;pm;jcif;t,l0g') udkMunfhyg/

NASB, NKJV ]] oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf(the Spirit)tm;jzihf}} NKJV

oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf (the spirit) tm;jzihf}} TEV ]] bk&m;jzpfíoefY&Sifojzihf}}

NJB ]] oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfjzpfonfESifh tnD (in the order of the spirit, the spirit of holiness) tcsdKUbmomjyefq&mrsm;onfoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOftm;qdkvdkjcif;tjzpf “S”ukdpmvHk;BuD;jzifh a&;um? pmvHk;ao; ]]s}} urla,½I\vlom;0dnmOfudkqdkvdkonf/ crnf;awmf bk&m;onf emrf0dnmOfjzpfonf enf;wl a,½Ivnf;xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ a&S;acwfa[NAJESifh *&dusrf;rsm;ü pmvHk;BuD;? pmvHk;BuD;r&Sd? tcef;BuD;? tcef;i,fcGJrxm;bJ? 4if;wdkYtm;vHk;rSm bmomjyefq&mrsm;\ t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkrI (0g) tpOftvmtjzpf&&SdvmMujcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 3 ESifh 4if;tm;tjrifoHk;rsdK;jzifh MunfhEdkifonf/

1/ a,½I\obm0ESifh ESpfrsdK;jzpfonfh vlom;ESifhbk&m;tjzpfudk &nfñTef;jcif;tjzpf

ol\ajrBuD;ay: b0tqifhESpfckjzpfonfhvlom;ESifh &Sifjyefxajrmufolt&Siftm; &nfñGef;jcif;tjzpf

]]igwkdY\t&Sifa,½Ic&pfawmf}} ESifh xyfwlazmfjyrItjzpf

wefqmyvm wyfqifrI\ trSwfvu©Pm tjzpfqDvdrf;^avmif;jcif;jyKMuonf/ a,½Iü qD;vdrf;&onfh þ&mxl;oHk;rsdK;pmvHk;jynfhpHkonf/ (a[NAJ1;2-3)/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;acwfopfqDodkYydkYaqmifay;rnfhtxl; ]]bdodufcHolwpfOD;}} tm;bk&m;ocif apvTwfrnfjzpfaMumif;"r®a[mif;usrf;ü BudKwifa[mMum;onf/ a,½Ionfbk&m;ocif\txl; ]]tapcH}} ]]om;awmf}} ESifh ]]ar&Sd,}} jzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ar&Sd, þtcsufrsm;udk 'Ha,v 9;6 taMumif;tuREfkyf\teufzGifhjcif;rSwfpkrS,l;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'ftm;teufzGifh&mücufcJaponfrSm ar&Sd, (0g) bdodufcHolqdkonfh a0g[m&üjzpfEkdifacs&Sdaom t"dyÜg,ftrsdK;rsdK;&SdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ (BDB 603)

1/ *sL;bk&ifrsm;ESifh qdkifíoHk;onf (1"r®2;10/ 12;13)

2/ *sL;,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh qdkifíoHk;onf (0wfjyK4;3?5)

3/ uk½kbk&mESifh qdkifíoHk;onf (a[&Sm,45;1)

4/ qmvH110 ESifh Zmc&d4wdkYü # 1ESifh # 2 wdkYwGJoHk;onf/

5/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;acwfopfxJydkYaqmifvwHhaombk&m;ocif\<uvmOD;rnf 'g0d'ftEG,ftxl; bk&if;BuD; u/ ,k'trsdK; (urÇmOD;49;10)

c/ a,&SJrdom;pkxJu (2"r® 7) */ wpfurÇmvHk;üpdk;pH (qmvH2/ a[&Sm,9;6/ 11;1-5? rdu©m 5;1-4) uREfkyfudk,ftaejzifhrI ]]bdodwfcHolwpfOD;}} qdkonfrSm emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½Iyifjzpfonf[k,HkMunf onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

1/ tcef;BuD; 2 üazmfjyonfh xm0&EdkifiHawmfpwifjcif;onf pwkw¬ajrmuftifyg,m twGif;jzpfonf/ 2/ tcef;BuD; 7;13 ü azmfjyonfh ]]vlom;wpfOD;}} tm;xm0&EdkifiHawmfwpfckay;tyfonf/

a&G;EIwfjcif;taMumif;jzpfaom 9;24 ygpum;pkonfusqif;aomurÇmhordkif;\tqHk; owfjcif;tm;azmfjyonf/ 4/ "r®opfusrf;üa,½Ionf'Ha,vtem*wdåusrf;tm;toHk;jyKrI (róJ24;15/ rmuk 13; 14)/

]]ocif^t&Sif -Lord}}*sL;bmomü bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfcHemrawmf YHWHonf oeYf&Sif;vGef;onfjzpfíor®musrf;pmzwf½Ionfhtcg bk&m;ocif\emrawmfudktusdK;rJhtaMumif;rJhac:&ma&mufum (xGuf20;7/ w&m;a[m5;11) ynwfawmfwpfq,fyg;teufwpfyg;tm;csKd;azmuf&ma&mufrnfudkpdk;&drfMu ojzifh *sL;usrf;pm q&mBuD;rsm;onf ]]udk,fawmf - Lord (Adon)[laombGJUemrjzifh tpm;xdk; Muonf/ "r®opfusrf;jyKolrsm;onf "r®ynmqdkif&mpmrsm;ü a,½Itm; ]]udk,fawmf -Lord}} (kurios)

[líac:Mu onfhtcgol\bk&m;jzpfjcif;tm; twnfjyKaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf2;36/ a&mr10;9-13/ zdvdyÜd 2;6-11)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\emrawmfrsm; u/ El (BDB 42. KB 48)

1. a&S;a[mif;a0g[m&trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m bk&m;-deity \rlvteuft"dyÜg,frSmaocsm&Sif;vif; jcif;r&Sdacs/ tcsdKUynm&Sifrsm;url Akkadian pum; ]]oefrmonf (0g) wefcdk;BuD;onf}} rSqif;oufonf[kqdkMuonf/ (urÇmOD;17;1/ awmvnf23;19/ w&m;a[m7;21/ qmvH50;1)/

2. cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;\bk&m;ausmif;wefrsm;ü tjrifhbk&m;rSm EIjzpfonf/ (Ras Shamra usrf;ydk'frsm;)

3. or®musrf;pmxJü EI udkwjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh rwGJzufacs/ atmufygwGJzufrI rsm;onfbk&m;ocif\ p½dkuftm;azmfjyonf/

1. EI – Elyon – tJvf - {vDtGef (tjrifhqHk:aombk&m: BDB 42 &751 II), urÇmO;D 14;18-22/ w&m;a[m 32;8/ a[&Sm, 14;14/

2. EI – Roi (]]jrifhaombk&m;}} (0g) ]]olUudk,folzGifhjyaombk&m;}} BDB 42 & 909)? urÇmOD;16;13/

3. EI – Shaddai (]]wefcdk;tBuD;qHk;bk&m;}} (0g) ]]tvHk;pHkaom *½kPm&Sifbk&m;}} (0g) ]]awmifay:bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 994)? urÇmOD;17;1/ 35;11/ 43;14/ 49;25/ {zuf6;3/

4 EI – Olam (xm0&bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 761)? urÇmOD;21;33/ þ a0g[m&onf 'g0d'ftm;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf2"r®7;13? 16 ESifh "r®ynmoabmt&qufpyfonf/

EI – Berit (]]y#dnmOfw&m;\bk&m;ocif}} BDB 42 & 136)? w&m;olBuD;9;46/

wef;xlxm;onf?

qmvH85;8/ a[&Sm,42;5/

urÇmOD;46;3/ a,mb5;8/ ]]igonfoifhzcif\ EI jzpfol Elohim jzpfonf/}} (I am EI, the Elohim of your father)

urÇmOD;49;25/

13. ]]BuD;jrwfíwefcdk;awmfESifhjynfhpHkol}} a,&rd21;18/

]]tusdK;tjypfudkay;ol}} a,&rd51;56/

"r®a[mif;ü &Sdbk&m;ocif\emrnftm;vHk; a,m½I 22;22 üwaygif;wnf;awGU&onf/ (EI, Elohim, YHWH ESpfcgxyfíazmfjyonf/) c/ Elyon (BDB 751, KB 832)

1. 4if;\tajccHt"dyÜg,frSm ]]jrifhaom}} ]]csD;ajr§mufxm;aom}} (0g) ]] jr§ifhwifxm; aom}} [líjzpfonf/ (urÇmOD;40;17/ 3"r®9;8/ 4"r®18;17/ ae[rd3;25/ a,&drd20;3/ 36;10/ qmvH18;13)/

2. 4if;udkbk&m;ocif\tjcm;aombGJUemrtawmfrsm;rsm;ESifh tvm;wltoHk;jyKonf/

1. Elohim qmvH47;1-2/ 73;11/ 107;11/

2. YHWH - urÇmOD;14;22/ 2"r®22;14/

3. EI - Shaddai - qmvH91;1?9/

4. EI - awm24;16/

5. Elah - 'Ha,v2-6 ESifh {Z7 4-7 wdkYü 'Ha,v3;26/ 4;2/ 5;18?21wdkYü&Sdonfh illair (tm&rd-BuD;jrifhaombk&m;)ESifh qufpyfoHk;avh&Sdonf

3. tpöa&;r[kwfolrsm;tjzpfvnf; rMumcPoHk;Muonf/

1. arvcdZ'uf urÇm18;18-22/

2. Amvrf awm24;16/

3. w&m;32;8 üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajym&mü arma&StoHk;jyKonf/

4. "r®opfusrf;\vkumc&pf0ifusrf;ü wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;pma&;&mü4if; ESifh t"dyÜg,fwl*&dpum; HysistostoHk;jyKonf/ (1;32? 35? 76/ 6;35/ 8;28/ wref7;48/ 16;17)/

*/ Elohim (trsm;jyudef;)Eloah (tenf;jyudef;)/ rlvtm;jzifhuAsmtvFmrsm;üoHk;onf/ (BDD 43, KB 52)/

1. þa0g[m&udk "r®a[mif;jyifyürawGU&acs/

2. þpum;vHk;onftpöa&;wdkYbk&m;ocif (0g) wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\bk&m;rsm;tm;ñTef;qdk Edkifonf/ (xGuf12;12/ 20;3)/ tmjA[H\ rdom;pkrsm;onf ewfbk&m;trsm;udk;uG,fol rsm;jzpfonf/ (a,m½I24;2)/

3. tpöa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm; ñTef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (xGuf21;6/ qmvH82;6)/

4. Elohim a0g[m&udk tjcm;emrf0dnmOfrsm; (aumif;uifwrefrsm;? ewfqdkrsm;) ESifh qdkifívnf; w&m;32;8 (LXX) qmvH8;5/ a,mb1;6/ 38;7 wdkYrSmuJhodkYtoHk;jyKonf/

5. or®musrf;pmü4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\yxrqHk;bGJUemrawmfjzpfonf/ (urÇm1;1)/ 4if;udk urÇm2;4ü YHWHESifhyl;wGJroHk;rDtjcm;pum;vHk;ESi ra&mbJoD;oefYoHk;onf/ 4if;onf tajccHtm;jzifh^"r®ynmqdkif&m t&bk&m;ociftm;zefqif;ol? xdef;csKyfolESifh þurÇmN*dKvfay:owå0gtm;vHk;tm;axmufyHholtjzpf&nfñTef;onf (qmvH104) / 4if;onf EIESifh t"dyÜg,fqifwlonf (w&m;32;15-19)/ 4if;onf qmvH14 (Elohim) rSmuJhokdYYHWH ESifhtvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;bGJUemrrsm;ajymif;vJvdkufjcif; uvTJvQif 4if;rSm qmvH 53 (YHWH) ESifhtwdtuswlonf/

6. 4if;onftrsm;jyudef;jzpfumtjcm;bk&m;rsm;ü oHk;aomfvnf;þa0g[m&onftpöa&;\ bk&m;ociftm;ñTef;qdkavh&Sdonf/ odkYaom bk&m;wpfqlwnf;tm; azmfñTef;&ef tenf;jyBud,moHk;avh&Sdonf/

7. þa0g[m&tm;bk&m;\emrawmftjzpf tpöa&;r[kwfolrsm;\EkwfrSvnf;xGufavh&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/

1/ arvcdZ'uf/ urÇm14;18-22/

2/ Amvrf/ awm24;2/

3/ w&m; 32;8 üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; ajymonfhtcgarma&StoHk;jyKonf/

7. tpöa&;wkdY\wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;twGufemrnftrsm;jyudef;jzpfaejcif;rSmxl;qef;onf/ aocsmr[kwfaomfvnf;oDtdk&DtcsdKU&Sdonf/

1. a[NAJwdkYü txl;jyKazmfjyjcif;twGuf trsm;jyudef; trsm;tjym;toHk;jyKMuonf/ 4if;onf aemufydkif;üay:vmonfh a[NAJo'´g oabmw&m;wpfrsdK;jzpfaom ]]cefYnm;x,f0gjcif;\ trsm;udef;rsm;}} qdkonfht&mESifh rsm;pGmeD;pyfonf/ 4if;oabmü trsm;jyudef;rsm;udk t,ltqwpfcktm; tus,fcsJU&ef? csJUum;azmfjy&ef toHk;jyKonf/

2. 4if;onfaumif;uifbHkü bk&m;ocifqifhac:onfh rdrd\qifhqdkrltm; vdkufemaqmif&Gufaom aumif;uifwrefrsm; nDvmcHudk &nfñTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (3"r®22;19-23/ a,mb1;6/ qmvH82;1/ 89;5?7)/

3. 4if;onfyk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;aygif;bk&m;wpfqltajymif; "r®opfusrf;üzGifhjyrIudkxif[yfjcif;jzpf Edkifonf/ urÇm1;1 bk&m;ocifzefqif;onf urÇm1;2 ü0dnmOfawmfvIyf&Sm;um"r® opfusrf;üa,½Ionf crnf;awmf\zefqif;jcif;wefqmyvmjzpfonf/ (a,m[ef1;3? 10/ a&mr11;36/ 1aum8;6/ aum1;15/ a[NAJ1;2/ 2;10)/

C/ YHWH (BDB 217, KB 394)

1/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ociftm;y#dnmOfw&m;jyKol? u,fwifol? a&G;EIwfol? bk&m;tjzpf ay:vGifapaombGJUemrjzpfonf/ vlom;onfy#dnmOfw&m;rsm;udk csdK;azmufaomf vnf;bk&m;ocifrSmrl rdrdajympum;? rdrd\ uwdawmf? rdrdy#dnmOfw&m;ay:opöm&Sd onf (qmvH 103)/ þemrudk Elohim ESifh aygif;pyfíyxrqHk; (urÇm2;24 üazmfjyonf/ urÇm1-2 üzefqif;jcif; rSwfwrf;ESpfck&Sdjcif; r[kwfbJ? txl;jyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1) 0w¬Kydkif;qkdif&m pBuFm0|m zefqif;olbk&m;tjzpfESifh (2) bk&m;ociftm; vlowå0gzefqif;ol tjzpftxl; azmfjyonf/ urÇm2;4-3;24 onfvlom;\txl; tcGifhta&;&aom taetxm;ESifh olYtm;zef;qifjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufenf;wltjypf jyóemESifh ykefuefrIonf twktEdIif;uif;aom taetxm;ESifh wGJzufaMumif;tm; pwifzGifhjyonf/ 2/ urÇm4;26 ü]]vlrsm;onf xm0&bk&m;\emrawmfudktrSDjyKí udk;uG,fpjyKMuav \}} (YHWH) [kqdkonf/ odkYaomfy#dnmOfcHueOD;vlrsm;onf (bdk;ab;rsm;ESifh olwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;) bk&m;ocifudk EI – Shaddai tjzpfomvQifod&SdcJhMuaMumif; xGuf6;3 t&od&Sd&onf/ YHWH emrawmfudk xGuf3;13-16 txl;ojzifh ti,f 14 ü wpfBudrf omvQif &Sif;vif;xm;onf/ rnfodkYjzpfaparma&Sa&;aom pmrsm;ürl pum;vHk;rsm; tm;vlodrsm;aom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh upm; um&Sif;vif;avh&SdNyD; pum;vHk;rsm;\rlv ukdpdppfavhvmjcif; oabmrsdK;roHk;acs/ (urÇm17;5/ 27;36/29;13-35)/ þbGJU emrawmf\t"dyÜg,ftwGuf oDtdk&Dtawmf rsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (IDB, Vol 2, pp.409-11) rS&,lonf/

tm&yfrl&if;pum;rSqif;oufvmNyD; ]]jyif;jyaomarwåmjy&ef}}

tm&yfrl&if;pum; ]]wdkufcwfonf (YHWHtm;rkefwdkif; bk&m;tjzpf)

Ugartic ,l*g;wpfac:cgeefpum;rSqif;oufNyD;]]ajymqdkonf}}

zdkeD;&Sef;uAÁnf;ausmufpmwpfckt&]]qufvufwnf&Sdaeapol}}(0g)

ustwdkif; qufvufjzpfaernf}}(0g)

qufvuf^jzpfaernf}} (J.Wash Watt,

the Old Testament, p.67) YHWH \emrnf tjynfhtpHkudktwdkaumufjzifh (0g) jzpfEdkiforQrl&if;yHkpHtm;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (1) Yah (Oyrm Hallelu-yah, BDB 219, xGuf15;2/ 17;16/ qmvH89;9/ 104;35)/

Syntax

(2) Yaho (“iah” ESifhqHk;aomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm Isaiah)/

(3) Yo (“Jo”ESifhpaomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm Joshua (0g) Joel)/ 3/ *sL;bmomüaemufydkif;umvrsm;wGif þy#dnmOfcHemrawmfrSm oefY&Sif;vGef;ojzifh? xGuf20;7/ w&m;5;11/ 6;13 wkdYüyg&Sdaom ynwfcsufudk csdK;azguf&mra&muf ap&ef *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf xdkemrawmfudk rajym&JMuacs/ xdkYaMumifholwdkYonf ]]ydkif&Sif}}

]]q&mBuD;^master}} ]]cifyGef;onf}} ]]udk,fawmf lord [lít"dyÜg,f &Sdaoma[NAJpum;vHk; adon (0g) adonai (uREfkyf\t&Sif) jzifhtpm;xdk; Muonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;zwf&if; YHWH pum;vHk;ESifh wdk;rdaomtcgt&Sif (my lord) [ktoHxGuf Muonf/ xkdYaMumifh t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü YHWH udk LORD [lípmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifh a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/

4/ EI, YHWH ESifhpyfvsOf;ítpöa&;wdkY\ y#dnmOfcHbk&m;ocif\xl;jcm;csuf tcsdKUtm; tav;teufjyK&ef 4if;udk tjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifhwGJzufavh&Sdonf/ wGJzuf a0g[m&rsm;pGm&SdEdkifaomfvnf; þae&mwGiftcsdKUazmfjyygonf/

1. YHWH-

5. YHWH- Shalom (YHWH onfNidrfoufjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB 217&1022) w&m;olBuD;6;24/

6. YHWH- Sabbaoth (AdkvfajcwdkY\YHWHjzpfonf/ BDB 217&878) 1"r® 1;3?11/4;4/ 15;2/ ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ürMumcPawGU&onf/

7. YHWH- Ro I (YHWH onfuREfkyftm;odk;uJhodkY xdef;ausmif;oljzpfonf/ BDB217&944 Qa/ PARTICLE)qmvH23;1/

8. YHWH- Sidqenu (YHWH onfigwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB 217&841) a,&rd23;6/

9. YHWH- Shammah (YHWH onfþt&yfü&Sdonf/ BDB 217&1027) a,Zausv 48;35/

1;5 ]]igwkdY}} aygvkonf ola&;aomtjcm;Mo0g'pmwdkYrSm enf;wlrdrd\ tzGifhrdwfqufü tjcm;olrsm;tm;azmfjy jcif;rjyKcJhacs/ þpum;pkonf 'roufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ü aygvk ajymif;vJ oGm;cJhjcif;ESifh cefYtyfjcif; cH&rItm; &nfñGef;onf/ (wref9)/ ]]igwdkY}} [laom pum;vHk;onf tqdkyg cefYtyfcH&jcif;udktcdkiftrmqdkvdkonf/  ]]aus;Zl;awmfESifh wrefawmft&mudkigwdkYonfcH&MuNyD}} aygvkonf c&pfawmfaMumifh &aomu,fwifjcif; qkaus;Zl;udk omvQifajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? 4if;ESifh qufpyfvsuf wyg;trsdK;om;wkdYtwGufwrefawmftjzpf ac:jcif;cH&rIudkyg tcdkiftrmajymjcif;jzpfygonf/ þt&mtm;vHk; 'roufNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:ücsufjcif; jzpfay:onf/ (AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE, wrefawmf 9;1-22/ 22;3-16/ 26;9-18)/ 4if;rSmxdkufwefrIaMumifh r[kwfbJ aus;Zl;awmfoufoufjzpfonf/ ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} ESifh ]]wrefawmft&m}} udkwpfrsdK;wnf;tjzpf ]]wrefawmfjzpf&jcif;aus;Zl;}} [k,lEdkifonf/ (NET note # 13)]]"r®opfusrf; bmomjyefusrf; 26usrf; (The New Testament in 26 Translations (p.646) pvHk;onf4if;udk-------.

]]apjcif;iSg (to bring about)}} 4if;rSm&nf&G,fcsufwckwnf;twGuf eis tm;'kwd, tBudrfoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ wif;aumif;onfbk&m;ocif\oP²mefawmfudk a,½Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh jyefvnf&,laponf/ 4if;onf bk&m;ocif\ rlvtBuHtpnftm; ay:vGifvmaponf/ 4if;rSm bk&m;ocif\trSwfvu©Pmudk xif[yfapaomvlrsdK;wpfrsdK; (,HkMunfolrsm;)ESifh rdrd\ &if;ESD;aom rdwfo[m, yifjzpfonf/ (i,f 7)/

NASB, NJB]],HkMunfem;axmifjcif;}}

]],HkMunfem;axmifjcif;twGuf}}

]],HkMunfem;axmifapjcif;iSg}}

]],HkMunfíem;axmifap&ef}}

4if;rSma&mrMo0g'ü tcsuftjcma0g[m&jzpfaom ]],HkMunfjcif;}} pum;vHk;tm; yxrqHk; toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (4;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg)/ þpum;vHk;udk þtcef;BuD;ESifh þusrf;xJü oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;jzifh toHk;jyKonf/

1. ti,f 5/ a,½IESifhc&pf,meftoufwmESifh qdkifaom or®mw&m;rsm;(0g) Mo0g'rsm;twGuf toHk;jyK onf/ (wrefawmf6;7/ 13;8/ 14;22/ 16;5/ a&mr14;1/ 16;26/ *vmwd1;23/ 6;10/ ,k' 3?20)/

2. ti,f 8/ þae&mrlvlwpfOD;csif;u a,½Itm;,HkMunfjcif; twGuftoHk;jyKonf/ t*Fvdyf pum;vHk; ]] believe,}} ]] faith }} ESifh ]] trust }} oHk;rsdK;pvHk; (,HkMunfonf/ udk;pm;onf) *&dpum; (pistis/pisteuo) tm;bmomjyef jcif;jzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf tawG;tac: (t,l0g') ESifh yk*¾dKvfESpfrsdK;pvHk;jzpfonf/ (i,f 16/ a,m[ef 1;12? 3;36)/ 4;5 \txl;acgif;pOfudkMunfhyg/

3. ti,f 17/ þae&mü "r®a[mif;tjrifjzpfaom tm;udk;tm;xm;xdkufjcif;? opöm&Sdjcif;(0g) rSDcdkí&jcif;tjzpf toHk;jyKonf/ 4if;rSm[AuúKwf2;4\t"dyÜg,fjzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;acwfü ,HkMunfjcif;qkdif&mMo 0g'zGHYNzdK;rI[lí r&SdbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf&Sifjcif;\ Oyrmrsm;wpfckNyD; wpfomvQif&Sdonf/ (tmjA[H- urÇmOD;15;6)/ 4if;wdkYrSmpHkvifjynfh0aom,HkMunfjcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ½kef;uefrlomvQif jzpfonf/ (a[NAJ11)/ vlom;\ajrmfvifhjcif;rSmrdrdwkdYvkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf; (0g) rSefuefpGm ,HkMunfEdkifjcif;r[kwfbJbk&m;ocif\yifukd,fp½dkuftm;jzifh&&Sdaomajrmfvihfjcif;jzpfonf/ (3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf2;8-9)/ bk&m;&SifuomvQif,HkMunfxdkufoljzpfonf (rmvcd3;6) / u,fwifjcif;jzpfpOf[kac:EdkifaomjyKrIaqmif&GufrIjzpfpOfwpfck&Sdonf/

(1) tjypfudkaemifw&jcif; (2;4/ rmuk1;15/ vkum13;3?5/ wref3;16?19/ 20;21)/

(2) ,HkMunfjcif;/ belief/ faith (1;16/ a,m[ef1;12/ 3;16/ wref16;31/ a&ESpfr*Fvmonf rdrd\ ,HkMunfrItm; vltrsm;a&SuarSmufü aMumfjimjcif; jzpfonf/)

(3) emcHjcif;^em;axmifjcif;/ (2;13/ 2aum9;13/ 10;5/ 1ay1;2?22)/

(4) pGJNrJjcif;(2;7/ vkum18;1/ 2aum4;1? 16/ *vmwd6;9/ 2ouf 3;13)/ 4if;wdkYrSm y#dnmOfw&m;opf\tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSmc&pfawmftxJrS bk&m;ocifay;onfht&mudkvufcH^,HkMunfumqufuyfí vufcH^,HkMunfoGm;&efjzpfonf/ (i,f 16/ a,m[ef1;12)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu,HkMunfjcif;^udk;pm;jcif;? opöm&Sdjcif; - believe, trust, faith and faithfulness (gba)

1/ tzGifhazmfjycsuf

"r®ynmqdkif&m þt,ltqtm;toHk;jyKjcif;onf "r®opfusrf;ütBuD;jrwfqHk;jzpfaomt&mjzpfum? "r®a[mif;usrf;ürlxdkodkY&Sif;vif;jcif;r&SdaMumif;azmfjy&efvdktyfonf/ 4if;rSm"r®a[mif;usrf;ü &Sdonf rSefaomfvnf; a&G;cs,fxm;onfh aomhcsuf pmydk'frsm;ESifh yk*¾dKvfrsm;ü om&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf; xJa&mpyfyg0ifyHkrsm; u/ vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh vlrItodkif;t0dkif; c/ vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh awGUBuHK&jcif;ESifh y#dnmOfw&m;tm;emcHjcif;/ ,HkMunfjcif;onfvludk,fwdkifawGUBuHKjcif;ESifh aeYpOftouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfonf/ tu©&mpm om;rsm;tm;jzifha&;om; azmfjyjcif;xuf vlyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muftm;jzifh azmfjyjcif;rSmydkrdkvG,fulonf/ vlyk*¾dKvfüjrif&yHkudktaumif;qHk;&Sif;vif;azmfjyrIrsm;rSm u/ tmNA[HESifh ol\tquftEG,frsm; c/ 'g0d'f ESifh tpöa&; þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf bk&m;ocifudkawGUBuHKMu&NyD;? olwdkY\b0rSmtNrJajymif; vJoGm;cJhonf/ (pHkvifjynfh0aomtoufwmrsdK;r[kwfbJ? qufvuf,HkMunfoGm;aomtoufwmjzpfonf)/ prf;oyfcH& rIrsm;onfbk&m;ociftm; awGUBuHKaomolwdkY\ ,HkMunfrItm;enf;csuftm;om;csufrsm;udkay:vGifap aomfvnf;&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifaom? ,HkMunfudk;pm;onfhqufqHa&;onfwpfa&SmufvHk;qufvufoGm;cJhonf/ 4if;onfprf;oyfjcif;ESifh aq;aMumrIrsm;cH&aomfvnf; olwdkY\qufuyfrIESifh touf&Sifjcif; yHkpHuouf aoxlonfhtwdkif;qufvufoGm;cJhonf/

toHk;jyKaomrl&if;pum;vHk; u/ gba (BDB 52)

1/ Bud,m

(1) Qal tajccH -axmufyHhonf? auR;arG;jyKpkonf (4"r®10;1?5/ {owm2;7/ "r®ynmESifh rqdkifaomtoHk;tEIef;)

(2) Niphal tajccH- aocsmaponf (0g) twnfjzpfaponf? wnfaxmifonf? twnfjyKonf? ,HkMunftm;xm;&onf/

1. vlrsm;ESifh qdkifía[&Sm, 8;2/ 53;1/ a,&rd 40;14/

2. t&m0w¬Krsm;ESifh qdkifí a[&Sm, 22;23/

3. bk&m;ocifESihf qdkifíw&m;a[m 7;9?12/ a[&Sm, 49;7/ a,&rd 42;5/

2/ Hiphil tajccH cdkifcHh&yfwnfonf? ,HkMunfonf? udk;pm;onf/

1. tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfonf/ urÇmOD; 15;6/

2. tD*spfEdkifiHu tpöa&;vlrsdK;rsm;u,HkMunfcJhMum;onf/xGuf 4;31/ 14;31 (w&m;a[m 1;32üy,fzsufonf)

3. arma&SrSwqifh pum;ajymaom YHWH udktpöa&;rsm;,HkMunf cJhMuonf/ xGuf19;9/ qmvH106;12?24/

4. tmcwfrif;onf bk&m;ocifudkr,HkMunf? a[&Sm,7;9/

5. 4if;^olYtm;vHk;,HkMunfolwdkif;? a[&S,28;16/

6. bk&m;ociftaMumif;or®mw&m;rsm;,HkMunf? a[&Sm, 43;10-12/

2/ txD;jyemrf - opöm&Sdjcif; (w&m;a[m32;20/ a[&Sm,25;1/ 26;2)

3/ Bud,m -ppfrSefpGm? rSefuefpGm? uREfkyfoabmwlnDon? xdkodkYjzpfEdkifonf (w&m;a[m27;15-26/ 3"r®1;36/ 1&m16;36/ a[&Sm,65;16/ a,&rd11;5? 28;6/ 4if;rSm"r®a[mif;? "r®opfrsm;&Sdqkawmif;pmrsm;ü oHk;onf ]]tmrif}} jzpfonf/

c/ (BDB 54) trjyemrf - cdkifrmjcif;? opöm&Sdjcif;? or®mw&m;

1/ vlrsm;ESifh qdkifí? a[&Sm,10;20/ 42;3/ 48;1/

2/ bk&m;ESihf qdkifí? xGuf34;6/ qmvH117;2/ a[&Sm,38;18? 19/61;8/ 3/ or®mw&m;ESifh qdkifí? w&m;a[m32;4/ 3"r®22;16/ qmvH33;4/ 98;3/ 100;5/ 119;30/ a,&rd9;4/ Zmc&d8;16/ */ (BDB 53) cdkifcHhjcif;? wnfNrJjcif;? opömapmifhjcif;/

1/ vufrsm;ESifh qdkifí? xGuf17;12/ 2/ tcsdefumvESifh qdkifí? a[&Sm,33;6/ 3/ vlom;rsm;ESifh qdkifí? a,&rd5;3/ 7;28/ 9;2/ 4/ bk&m;ESifhqdkifí? qm 40;11/ 88;12/ 89;2?3?6?9/ 119;138/

3/ þ"r®a[mif;t,ltqudk aygvktoHk;jyKonf/ u/ aygvkonf YHWH ESifh "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufrIudk 'roufNrdKUoGm; &mvrf;ay:a,½IESifh yk*¾dKvftm;jzifhqHkawGUjcif;tay:tajcjyKonf/ (wrefawmf9;22/ 26)/ c/ olonfrdrd\topfem;vnfoabmaygufrltm;taxmuftuljyKonfh aomhcsufusaom"r® a[mif;usrf;ydk'fESpfckawGU&NyD; 4if;wkdYürl&if; וםא udktoHk;jyKonf/

1. urÇm15;6 - bk&m;ocif tpjyKrIjzifhtmjA[Honf rdrdudk,fwdkif bk&m;ocif tm;awGUBuHKrIonf urÇm 12 ,HkMunfrIjzifh emcHaomtoufwmjzpfaponf/ (urÇm12-22) aygvkonfþtcsufudk a&mr4ESifh *vmwd3 wkdYü&nfñTef;onf/

2. a[&Sm,28;16 - olukd,HkMunfolrsm;onf (bk&m;ocifuprfoyfNyD;cdkifrmpGmcs onfhwdkufaxmifhtkwfjrpfausmuf) rnfonfhtcgürQ u/ a&mr 9;33 ]]&SufaMumufjcif;}} (0g) ]]pdwfysufjcif;}} rcHpm;ap&/ c/ a&mr 10;11 txufygtwkdif;

3. [AuúKwf2;4 - opömw&m;jynfh0ol bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;olrsm;onf opöm&Sdaom toufwm&Sd &rnf/ (a,&rd7;28)/ aygvkonfþtaMumif;udkyif a&mr1;17 ESifh *vmwd 3;10 üutoHk; jyKonf/ (a[NAJ 10;38 udkrSwfom;yg)/

4/ ayw½konf "r®a[mif;usrf;t,ltqtoHk;jyKyHk u/ ayw½konf atmufygwkdYudkaygif;pyftoHk;jyKonf/

1/ a[&Sm, 8;14 - 1ay2;8 (xdrdívJp&m)

2/ a[&Sm, 28;16 - 1ay2;6 (wdkufaxmifhtkwfjrpf)

3/ qmvH 111;22 - 1ay2;7 (jiif;y,fcHausmufwHk;)

c/ olonftpöa&;tm; ]]a&G;cs,faomtrsdK;? rif;pnf;pdrf&Sdaom,Zfyka&m[dwfrsdK;? oefY&Sif; aomtaygif;toif;}} [lía&;om;azmfjyonfh twktEdIif;uif;aompum;udk atmufygusrf; ydk'fwkdYrS&,lonf/

1/ w&m;10;15/ a[&Sm43;21

2/ a[&Sm61;6/ 66;21

3/ xGuf19;6/ w&m;7;6

4if;wdkYudkc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfaomtoif;awmftwGuftoHk;jyKonf/

5/ xdkt,ltqudk a,m[eftoHk;jyKyHkrSm

u/ "r®opfusrf;ütoHk;jyKyHk

]],HkMunfonf (belived)}} pum;vHk;rSm*&dpum; pisteuõ rSvmNyD; ]],HkMunf}} (believe) ]]udk;pm;}} (faith or trust) [lívnf;bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh a,m[efc&pf0if usrf;ü4if; pum;vHk;udkemrftjzpfrawGU&bJ Bud,mtjzpf omrMumcP oHk;onf/ emZ&uf NrdKUom;a,½Itm;ar&Sd,tjzpf vltkwfBuD;\ qufuyfrIrSm ppfrSefjcif; &Sdr&Sda,m[ef2; 23-25 üraorcsmjzpfonf/ ]],HkMunf}} believe qdkaomþpum;vHk;tm; tay:,HtjzpftoHk; jyKjcif;\ tjcm;Oyrmrsm;rSm a,m[ef8;31-59ESifh wrefawmf 8;13? 18-24 wdkYjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmenf;us ppfrSefonfh,HkMunfjcif; (faith) rSmtpjyKrIxufydkrdkonf/ 4if;udk wjynhf awmfjzpfjcif; tqifhqifhuvdkufvm &rnfjzpfonf/ (róJ13;20-22?31-32)/ c/ 4if;tm;0dbufrsm;ESifh toHk;jyKjcif;

1/ eis \t"dyÜg,frSmtxJodkY into jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\udk;pm;^ ,HkMunfjcif;udk a,½ItxJxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

1. ol\emrnfxJü (a,m1;12/ 2;23/3;18/ 1a,m5;13)/

2. ol\txJü (a,m[ef2;11/ 3;15? 18/ 4;39/ 6;40/ 7;5?31?39?48/ 8;30/ 9;36/ 10;42/ 11;45?48/ 17;37? 42/ róJ18;6/ wref10;43/ zdvdyÜd1;29/ 1ay1;8)/

3. ightxJü (a,m[ef6;35/ 7;38/ 11;25?26/ 12;44?46/ 14;1?12/ 16;9/ 17;20)/

4. om;awmftxJü (a,m[ef3;36/ 9;35/ 1a,m5;10)/

5. a,½ItxJü (a,m[ef12;11/ wref19;4/ *vmwd2;16)/

6. tvif;awmfxJü (a,m[ef12;36)/

7. bk&m;ocifxJü (a,m[ef14;1)/

2/ en onf ]]txJ - in }}[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ a,m[ef3;15/ rmuk1;15/ wref 5;14/

3/ epi onf txJ^tay: - in or upon [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ róJ 27;42/ wref9;42/ 11;17/16;31/ 22;19/ a&mr4;5? 24/ 9;33/ 10;11/ 1wd 1;16/ 1ay2;6/

4/ 0dbwfrwGJbJtoHk;jyKaom DATIVE CASE usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm *vmwd3;6/ wref 18;8/ 27;25/ 1a,m3;23/ 5;10/

5/ hoti onf ]]aMumif;tm;,HkMunfonf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&SdNyD; ,HkMunf&rnfht&m wqufwnf;yg0ifonf/

1. a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;oljzpfonf/ (a,m[ef6;69)/

2. a,½Ionf ig jzpfonfqdkoljzpfonf/ (a,m[ef8;24)/

3. a,½Ionfcrnf;awmftxJ&Sdí? crnf;awmfonfolYtxJ&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef 10;38)/

4. a,½IrSm ar&Sd,jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef11;27/10;31)/

5. a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfonf/ (a,m[ef11;27/ 20;31)/

6. a,½Iudkcrnf;awmfuapvGwfonf/ (a,m[ef11;42/ 17;8?21)/

7. a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifh wpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef 14;1011)/

8. a,½Ionf crnf;awmfxHrS<uvmonf/ (a,m[ef16;27?30)/

9. a,½Ionf crnf;awmf\y#dnmOfcHemrawmfjzpfaom ]]ig--jzpfonf}} ESifh rdrdudk,frdrdwxyfwnf;jyKonf/ (a,m[ef8;24/ 13;19)/

10. igwkdYonfolESifh twlaexdkifMurnf/ (a&mr6;8)/

11. a,½Ionf taocHí jyef&Sifxajrmufonf/ (1ouf4;14)/

6/ ed*Hk;csKyfjcif; or®musrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;rSm bk&m;ajympum;^uwdawmftm; vlom;uwHkYjyefjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonftpjyKavh&Sdaomfvnf; (a,m[ef 6;44?65) bk&m;&Sif\þqufoG,frIü vlom; \wHkYjyefrIvdktyfonf/ u/ tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif; - trust c/ y#dnmOfcHvkdufemrI covenant obedience or®musrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;onf

1/ yk*¾dKvftm;jzifh qufpyfrI (tpjyKaom,HkMunfjcif;)

2/ or®musrf;enf;usor®mw&m;tm;twnfjyKjcif;/ (bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyrItm; t,HktMunf&Sdjcif;)

3/ 4if;tm;oifhavsmfvHkavmufaomemcHrIjzifh wHkYjyefjcif; (aeYpOf,HkMunfrI) or®musrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;[lonf aumif;uifbHka&muf&ef vufrSwf (odkY) tmrcHpHepfwpf&yf r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSm yk*¾dKvfcsif;qufpyfrI^ awmfpyfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSm zefqif;jcif;\&nf&G,fcsuf jzpfNyD;? vlom;rsm;udkbk&m;ocif\ oP²mefawmfESifh tnDbk&m;ocifuJhodkY zefqif;onf/ (urÇm 1;26-27)/ 4if;aMumifh jzpfvmaomt&mrSm ]]&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifjcif;}} jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;^taygif;tazmfjzpfjcif;udk vdkvm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? "r®ynmqkdif&mt&yfwnfrIwpfck tm;vdkvm;jcif;r[kwfacs/ odkYaomfoefY&Sif;awmfrlolbk&m;ocifESifh taygif;toif;jzpfjcif;wGifom; jzpfolwkdYü ]]rdom;pk}} vu©Pmxif&Sm;ay:vGifae7efvdktyfonf/(OyrmoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;? 0wfjyK19;2/ róJ5;48/ 1ay1;15-16)/ tjypfxJusqif;jcif;onf uREfkyfwkdY\oifhavsmf vHkavmufpGm wHkYjyefrIpGrf;&nfudk xddcdkufonf/

xkdYaMumifhbk&m;ocifonf uREfkyfwdkYbufüaeum vkyfaqmifvsuf (a,Z36;27-38) ]]ESvHk;topf}} ESifh ]]0dnmOftopf}} ay;onf/ 4if;onf uREfkyfwdkYtm;,HkMunfjcif;ESifh tjypfukd aemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh udk,fawmfESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfum oltm;emcHEdkif&ef wwfpGrf;Edkifaponf/ txufyg tcsufoHk;ckpvHk;rSm tjywfqHk;jzwfrIay;onfhta&;BuD; tcsufrsm;jzpfonf/ oHk;csufpvHk;qufvufxdef;xm;&ygrnf/ yef;wdkifrSmbk&m;ociftm;oduRrf;&ef (a[NAJESifh *&d tjrifESpfckpvHk;ü) ESifh ol\trSwftom;tm;uRefawmfwdkY\ toufwmü xif[yfay:vGif ap&efjzpf onf/ ,HkMunfjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm wpfaeYaomtcgaumif;uifbHka&muf&ef r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmfESifh aeYpOfwlae&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfESD;EG,frItwGufvlom;\opöm&Sdjcif;onftajccH("r®a[mif;)r[kwf bJ? &v'f ("r®opf) jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\opömw&m;tay:vlom;u,HkMunfonf/ bk&m; ocif\ ,HkMunfxdkufrIudkvlom;uudk;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;qdkif&m"r®opfusrf;tjrif\ tESpfom&rSmc&pfawmftxJ&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;on bk&m;ociftpjyKay;cJhaom aus;Zl;awmfESifh *½kPmawmfudk vlom;utpjyKwHkYjyefum? qufvufwkHYjyef oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ udk,fawmfonf uRefawmfwkdYudkcspfcJhygNyD/ om;awmfudkapvTwfcJhygNyD? uRefawmfwkdYudkaxmufrcJhygNyD/ uRefawmfwdkY onf,HkMunfjcif;ESifh opöm&SdrIjzifhwHkYjyefMu&ygrnf/ ({zuf2;8-9 ESifh 10)/ opöm&Sdaombk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdtm;opömrJhaomavmuü zGifhjyrnfh? opöm&Sdaom vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;tvdk&Sdaeygonf/

&vm'fudkarQmfvifhonf! "r®opfusrf;onf "r®a[mif; enf;wly#dnmOf w&m;jyKjcif;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk;onf ,HkMunfjcif;^emcHjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefrIawmif;qdkonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ütusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;? wm0efrsm;ESifh ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Oyrm {zuf1;4/ 2;10)/4if;rSmajzmifhrwfaomtvkyfr[kwfbJ? twnfjyKaom tvkyfrsm;jzpfonf (,mukyf/ 1a,m)/ xm0&toufüjrifawGUEdkifaom xl;jcm;rIrsm;&Sdonf/

NASB, NRSV ]]wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; tm;vHk;txJü}} NKJ

]]vlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;txJü}} TEV

]]vlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;rSvlrsm;}} NJB

]]omoemyvlrsdK;rsm; tm;vHk;}} 4if;rSmwpfurÇmvHk;qdkif&m {0H*vdw&m;jzpfonf/ urÇmOD; 3;15 xJbk&m;ocif uwdjyKonfha&G;EIwf jcif;üvlom;wpf&yfvHk;yg0ifonf/ a,½I\ udk,fpm;jyK taocHjcif;onf tjypfüusqif;aomtm'H\tquftEG,ftm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ (5;18/ a,m[ef1;29/ 3;16/ 4;42/ 6;35? 51/ 1aum15;22/ 2aum5;19/ {zuf2;11-3;13/ 1wd2;4/ 4;10/ wdwk2;11/ a[NAJ2;9/ 2ay3;9/ 1a,m2;2/ 4;14)/ aygvkonf rdrdtm;wpfyg; trsdK;om;rsm;xHbk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;a[majym&eftxl;ac:zdwfjciftjzpf odjrifonf/ (wref9;15/ 22;21/ 26;17/ a&mr11;13/ 15;16/ *vmwd1;16/ 2;29/ {zuf3;2?8/ 1wd2;7/ 2wd4;17)/

tx;taMumif;t&m/ / uREfkyf\{0Ha*vdqkdif&moD;oefYtjrif þtcsufüuREfkyf\tjrifwpfrsdK;jzpfaMumif;pm½Iolrsm;udk0efcHygonf/ uREfkyf\"r®ynm qdkif&m tjrifrSmuJvfAif0g'r[kwfovdkumvtydkif;tjcm;0g'vnf; (dispensationelical)r[kwfbJ? r[map cdkif;jcif;{0Ha*vd0g'jzpfonf/ (róJ28;18-20/ vkum24;46-47/ wref1;8) bk&m;ocifonf rdrdoP²mefawmfESifhtnD rdrduJhodkY zefqif;aomvlom;tm;vHk; (urÇm1;26-27) wdkYtm;a&G;EIwf&ef xm0&tBuHtpnfawmf&Sdonf[kuREfkyf,HkMunfonf/ (urÇm3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf19; 5-6/ a,&rd31; 31-34/ a,Z18/ 36;22-39/ wref2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29/ a&mr3; 9-18? 19-20? 2131)/ y#dnmOft&mrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJüaygif;pnf;xm;onf/ (*vmwd3;28-29/ aum3;11)/ bk&m;ocifonfzHk;uG,fxm;aomt&mjzpfaomfvnf; a,½Ionf,cktcgzGifhjycJhNyDjzpfonf/ ({zuf2; 11-3;13)! or®musrf;pm\aomhcsufrSmtpöa&;r[kwf? "r®opfusrf;\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jzpfonf/ þuJhodkYaomem;vnfrIonf uREfkyfjyKorQaomor®musrf;pmteufjyefrItm;vHk;\ tajccHjzpf onf/ uREfkyfonfor®musrf;pmxJ&Sd taMumif;t&mtm;vHk; þtajccHjzifhzwf½Iygonf/ 4if;onf wpfzufowfusonf rSefaomfvnf;(teufjyefoltm;vHk;ü xdkuJhodkYjzpfonf/) 4if;rSmor®musrf;pmenf; ustodtjrifrsm;rS&&Sdonf/

]]oifwdkYonfvnf;}} aygvkonfbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh qdkifíjyif;xefaom yHkoufao(toif;awmfudk ñSOf;yef;ol) jzpfaomfvnf; ol\pmzwfolrsm;rSmvnf;bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfESifh rxdkufwefjcif;\ yHkoufaorsm;jzpfMuonf/

NASB, NKJV ]] xdkocifac:zdwfawmfrlaom}}

]]a,½Ic&pfawmfydkifqdkif&m tjzpfac:zdwfawmfrlaom}}

TEV

]]a,½Ic&pfawmfydkifqkdif&mtjzpfbk&m;ocifac:zdwfawmfrlaom}} NJB ]]ac:zdwfawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh a,½Ic&pfawmfydkifqdkif&mjzpfaom}} jzpfEdkifonfrSm

1/ ]]ac:xkwfcH&olrsm;}} (0g) ]]pka0;aeolrsm;}} [lít"dyÜg,f&Sdaom ]]toif;awmf}} qdkonfh pum;vHk;tm;arTaESmufazmfjyjcif;/

bk&m;ocif\a&G;aumufjcif;tm;&nfñTef;jcif; (a&mr 8;29-30/ 9;1/ {zuf 1;4?11/ 3;21/ 4;1?4)

3/ Revised English Bible \bmomjyefrI ]]ac:zdwfawmfrljcif;udkMum;cJh&NyD;? a,½Ic&pfawmf ydkifqdkif&mjzpfaom oifwkdY}} onfþpum;pkrsm;tm; NRSV, TEV ESifh JB wdkY\ bmomjyefrIrsm;udk xif[yf onf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]ac:zdwfjcif;cH&aom}} bk&m;ocifonf ac:zdwfjcif;? a&G;aumufjcif;ESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;olxHodkYydk;yef;jcif;rsm;jyKum? pwifjcif;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef6;44?65/ 15;16/ 1aum1;12/ {zuf1;4-5?11) ]]ac:zdwfjcif;}} [l aoma0g[m&udk "r®ynmqkdif&m tjriftawmfrsm;rsm;ütoHk;jyKonf/ u/ bk&m;ocifonfc&pfawmf\NyD;pD;oGm;cJhaomtvkyfESifh

0dnmOfutjypfazmfjyrIrS wpfqifh tjypfom;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&&ef ac:zdwfonf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh kletos a&mr 1;6-7/ 9;24onf "r®ynmtm;jzifh 1aum1;1-2 ESifh 2wd 1;9/ 2ay1;10ESifh qifwlonf)/ c/ tjypfom;rsm;onfu,fwifjcif;&&efudk,fawmf\emrawmfudkac:Muonf/ (Oyrm epikale wref 2;21/22;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/ 4if;rSm *sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;pum; wpfckjzpfonf/

*/ ,HkMunfolwdkYudk c&pfawmfuJho touf&Sif&efac:zdwfonf/ (Oyrm klesis 1aum 1;26/ 7;20/ {zuf 4;1/ zdvdyÜd 3;14/ 2ouf 1;11/ 2wd 1;9)

C/ ,HkMunfolwdkYudk trIawmfwm0efxrf;aqmif&efac:zdwfonf/ (wrefawmf 13;2/ 1aum 12;4-7/ {zuf 4;1)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;7

2a&mrNrdKUü&Sdaom oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&onfhbk&m;ocif\cspfjcif; cH&oltm;vHk;tay: igwdkY\crnf;awmfbk&m;ocifESifh ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfxHrS aus;Zl;awmfESifh Nidrfoufjcif;toufa&mufyg

1;7 ]]bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;cH&ol}} þpum;pkudka,½Iü oHk;avh&Sdonf/ (róJ3;17/ 17;5)/ ,cka&mrNrdKUü &Sdaomtoif;awmfüoHk;! 4if;onf rdrd\om;awmftm; udk;pm; olrsm;ay: bk&m;ocifrnfrQeuf½dIif;pGm cspfaMumif; jyonf/ þuJhokdYaomajymif;vJrIrsdK; {zuf1;20ü vnf;awGU&onf/ (4if;rSma,½ItwGuf bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfNyD;? {zuf2;5-6 onf,HkMunfolrsm;twGufa,½I\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/)

]]a&mrNrdKUü}}þtoif;awmfudk aygvkpwifcJhjcif;r[kwfacs/ þtoif;awmf rnfolpwifaMumif; rnf olrSrodacs/ (ed'gef;üMunfh) a&mrMo0g'pmrSm wnfaxmifcJhNyD;om;toif;awmfodkY rdrdudk,f rdrdrdwfquf a&;om;aompmjzpfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmrSm aygvkurdrda[majymcJhaom{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;udk taumif;qHk; wdk;wufwifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif;*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om; ,HkMunfol rsm;tMum;ü wif;rmrIrsm;&Sdum aygvkonf4if;udk þMo0g'pm wpfavQmufvHk;ü ajymonfrSefaomfvnf; (txl;ojzifh 9-10) þMo0g' pma&;om;&jcif;onf ae&ma'owpfck\ tajctaeaMumifhjzpfp&mtvGef enf;yg;onf/

NASB

]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&}} NKJV, NRSV

NJB

TEV

]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;tjzpfac:jcif;cH&}}

]]olYvlrsdK;rsm;jzpf&efac:jcifcH&}}

]]oefY&Sif;ol}} [laoma0g[m&rSm c&pfawmftxJü,HkMunfolrsm;\ taetxm;udk ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; (6;4 \txl;taMumif;t&m üMunfh) olwkdYütjypfuif;onf[krqdkvdkacs/ c&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwlvmMujcif;udk ajymjcif;vnf;jzpf&ayrnf/ þa0g[m&udk zdvdyÜd 4;21 uvTJvQif trsm;jypum;jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ xdkusrf;ydk'fü yifwpkwaygif;wnf; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf vlrItodkif;t0dkif;wpfck? rdom; pkwpfpk? udk,fcE©mwpfck\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvmjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvktm;wrefawmf wpfyg;tjzpfac:aMumif;ti,fwpfüa&;om;azmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;udk ]]a,½Ic&pfawmfuac:xm;aomolrsm;}} jzpfMuonf[k ti,f 6 ü azmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;ukdvnf; ti,f 7 ü ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}}[kac:onf/ þ ]]zdwfac:jcif;}} übk&m;ocif\tpjyKjcift&ifqHk;jzpfaMumif; or®mw&m;tm; "r®opfusrf;ü tcdkiftrmazmfjyjcif;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1;6 \txl;taMumif;t&mMunfhyg)/ tjypfxJ usqif;cJhNyD; olrnfonfhvlom;urS rdrd[mrdrdbk&m;ociftm;ac:jcif;rjyKcJhbl;acs/ (3;9-13/ a[&Sm ,53;6/ 1ay2;25)/ bk&m;ocifonftpjyKoljzpfavh&Sdonf/ (a,m[ef6;44?65/ 15;16)/ olonf y#dnmOfw&m;udk uRefawmfwkdYxH,lvmavh&Sdonf/ (9;4 \ txl;taMumif;t&m 9;4 üMunfhyg)/ uRefawmfwdkY\ u,fwifjcif;üvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf rSwf,lay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif; (0g) w&m;Oya't& uRefawmfwkdY\&yfwnfrI) wkdYjyiftrIawmfxda&mufpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&efqkaus;Zl;ay;jcif;ESifh (1aum12;7?11) c&pf,mef toufwmtwGufvnf;jzpfonf/ atmufwGifMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm; 4if;onfa[NAJ kadash ESifh t"dyÜg,fwl*&dpum;vHk;jzpfí wpfpHkwpfa,muf? wpHkwck(0g)? ae&mwpfcktm; YHWH twGufoufoufxm;jcif;qdkonfhtajccHt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (BDB 871)4if;onf t*Fvdyfpm ]]the sacred}} -oefY&Sif;aponfht&m oabmudkazmfjyonf/ YHWH onf rdrd\yifudk,f obm0 (zefqif;cHr[kwfonfhxm0&emrf0dnmOf)ESifh ol\tusifhp½dkuf (pHkvifjynfh0aomudk,fusifhw&m;) rsm;tm;jzifhvlom;rsm;ESifh oD;oefYjzpfonf/ olonf tjcm;tm;vHk;wdkYudk wkdif;wm&mESifh w&m;pD&if&mpHjzpf onf/ olonfOmPfrrSDEdkifatmifjzpfaom oefY&Sif;oljzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vludkrdwfo[m,jyK&efzefqif;cJhaomfvnf;tjypfxJusqif;jcif; (urÇm3) onf oefY&Sif;aombk&m;ESifh tjypf&Sdaomvlom;tMum;üqufpyfrIESifh udk,fusifhw&m;onf twm;tqD;jzpf oGm;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf odwwfaomrdrd\zefqif;jcif;udk e*dkrIvtwdkif;jyef jzpfap&ef a&G;cs,fojzifhrdrd \vlrsdK;tm;oeYf&Sif;jcif;&Sd&efac:zdwfonf/ (0wfjyK11;44/ 19;2/ 20;7?26 21;8)/ ol\vlrsdK;onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh YHWH ESifh qufpyfrIt&bk&m;ocifESifh rdrdwdkY\y#dnmOfqdkif&mt& udk,fawmftxJrdrdwkdY\ &yfwnfrI taetxm;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;olrsm; jzpfvmMuonf rSefaomfvnf;oefY&Sif;aomtoufwm&Sd &efvnf;zdwfac:jcif;cHMuon (róJ5;48) f/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf oefY&Sif;pGmtouf&SifEdkifonf/ taMumif;rSm a,½I\toufwmESifhtvkyf tm;jzifholwdkYonftjynfhtpHkvufcHjcif;ESifhtjypfvGwfjcif;&&SdMuwm oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonfolwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;xJü&SdaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ þtcsufonf qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef&Sdaomtajctae udkajyvnf oGm;aponf/ 4if;wdkYrSm

1/ c&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk&&SdaomaMumifh oefY&Sif;Muonf/ 2/ 0dnmOfawmf&&SdaomaMumifh oefY&Sif;pGmtouf&Sif&efac:zdwfcH&onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ]]oefY&Sif;oklrsm;}} (hagioi) jzpf&jcif;rsm (1) oefY&Sif;awmfrlol^crnf;awmf \tvdkawmf (2) oefY&Sif;aomom;awmf (a,½I)\ tvkyfaMumifhESifh (3) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf usdef0yfrIwdkYaMumifhjzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;onf oefY&Sif;olrsm;udktrsm;jypum;jzifhazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (zdvdyÜd 4;21 ütenf;jy pum;oHk;aomfvnf; taMumif;t&muazmfjyaeonfrSmtrsm;udk&nfñTef;onf) u,fwifjcif;& rIrSmrdom;pkwpfck? udk,fcE©mwpfck? taqmuftOD;wpfck\ tpdwftydkif; wpfckjzpfvmjcif;yif jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm enf;us,HkMunfjcif;onf wpfOD;csif;taejzifhvufcHrIESifh tpjyKaomfvnf; pkaygif;aom rdwfo[m,jzpf ay:aponf/ toif;awmfjzpfonfh c&pfawmf\udk,fcE©mtm;usef;rmap&ef? BuD;xGm;ap&efESifh aumif;rGefap&eftwGuf uRefawmfwkdwpfa,mufcsif;tm;qkaus;Zl;ay;xm;onf/ (1aum12;11) uRefawmfwkdYudk tapcH&efu,fwifonf/ oefY&Sif;jcif;onfrdom;pk\vu©Pmjzpfonf/

]]txHawmfu aus;Zl;awmfESifh Nidrfoufjcif;onfoifwdkYü &Sdygapaom}} ¤if;rSm &Sifaygvk\ tzGifhaumif;csD;ay;jcif; yHkpHjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm *&dvlrsdK;wdkY\ ]EIwfqufjcif;} tpOftvm a0g[m& (charein) jzpfNyD;? c&pf,mef a0g[m&ppfppfjzpfaom ]aus;Zl;awmf} (charis) jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þ*&dtzGifhpum;tm; a[NAJwdkY\ tpOftvmEIwfqufpum; Shalom

(0g)

]Nidrfoufjcif;} ESifh aygif;pyfjcif; jzpfEkdifonf/ odkYaomf rSef;qjcif;rQom jzpfonf/ "r®ynm oabmt& aus;Zl;awmf aemufü Nidrfoufjcif; vkdufvmavh&SdaMumif; rSwfom;yg/

]]ocifa,½Ic&pfESifh igwdkYtbwnf;[laom bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfu}} aygvkonf emrnfESpfcktwGuf 0dbwfwpfckomvQif yHkrSefoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (1 aum 1;3? 2 aum 1;3? *vmwd 1;3? {zuf 1;2? zdvdyÜd 1;1? 2 ouf 1;2? 1 wd1;2? 2wd 1;2? wdwk 1;4)/ ¤if;rSm oHk;yg;wpfqlrS xdkESpfyg;wdkYtm; o'´genf;usqufpyfjcif;enf; jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf a,½IrSm bk&m;jzpfaMumif;ESifh crnf;awmfESifh wef;wlnDaMumif; txl;jyKvdrfhrnf jzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\ crnf;awmft&m 1/ "r®a[mif;usrf; u/ zefqif;rItm;jzifh bk&m;ocifrSm crnf;awmfyif jzpfonf/ 1/ urÇmOD; 1;26-27

2/ rmv 2;10 3/ wref 17;28 c/ crnf;awmf a0g[m&udk toGiftrsKdk;rsdK;ü t"dyÜg,fwltjzpf oHk;onf/ 1/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;\ zcif (a&G;aumufjcif;tm;jzifh)

u/ ]om;} - xGuf? 4;22? w 14;1? 39;5? a[&Sm 1;2? 63;16/ 64;8/ a, 3;19? 31;20? a[m 1;10? 11;1/ rmv 1;6

c/ ‘]om;OD;} – xGuf? 4;22/ a,? 31;9/

2/ tpöa&;bk&if\ crnf;awmf (ar&Sd,ESifhqdkifonf) u/ 2 "r® 7;11-16

c/ qm 2;7/ w&m; 13;33/ a[NAJ 1;5? 5;5 */ a[m 11;1? r 2;15

3/ cspfaom rdbESifhqdkifí qifwlpum;rsm; u/ zcif (wifpm;jcif; - )

(1) olYom;udk ausmydk;onf – w&m; 1;31

(2) pnf;urf;Muyfrwfonf – w&m; 8;5/ ok 3;12

(3) axmufyHhonf (xGufajrmuf&m) – w&m; 32;1

(4) pGefYcGgrnfr[kwf - qm 27;10

(5) cspfonf - qm 103;13

(6) rdwfaqG^vrf;jy - a, 3;4

(7) a&m*gaysmufapol^tjypfvTwfol - a, 3;22

(8) *½kPmjyKol - a,? 31;20

(9) avhusifhay;ol - a[m 11;1-4

(10) txl;om; - rmv 3;17

c/ rdcif wifpm;jcif; (metaphor)

(1) pGefYcGgrnfr[kwf - qm 27;10

(2) om;xdef;rdcifuJhodkY cspf - a[&Sm 49;15/ 66;9-13 ESifh a[m 11;4 (xrf;ydk;oabmjzifh tMuHay;rIudk ]om;uav;} oabmjzifh ajymif;vJonf)

2/ "r®opfusrf;

u/ oHk;yg;wpfql (oHk;yg;pvHk; azmfjyaom usrf;ydk'frsm;)

1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;

(u) r 3;16-17/ 28;19 (c) a,m 14;26

2/ aygvk

(u) a&mr 1;4-5/ 5;1? 5/ 8;1-4? 8-10

(c) 1 aum 2;8-10/ 12;4-6

(*) 2 aum 1;21/ 13;14

(C) *v 4;4-6

(i) { 1;3-14? 17/ 2;18/ 3;14-17/ 4;4

(p) 1 ouf 1;2-5 (q) 2 ouf 2;13 (Z) wd? 3;4-6

3/ ayw½k - 1 ay 1;2

4/ ,k' - i,f 20-21

c/ a,½I

1/ a,½Itm; ]wpfyg;wnf;aomol tjzpf} - a,m 1;18/ 3;16? 18/ 1 a,m 4;9

2/ a,½Itm; ]bk&m;ocif\ om;awmftjzpf} - róJ 4;3/ 14;33/ 16;16/ vkum 1;32? 35/ a,m 1;34? 49/ 6;69/ 11;27

3/ a,½Itm; cspfawmfrlaom om;awmftjzpf - r? 3;17/ 17;5

4/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ociftm; (abba-tAÁ) [k ac:onf/ rm 14;36

5/ a,½Ionf olESifh uRefawmfwdkYESpfrsdK;pvHk;\ bk&m;ocifESifh awmfpyfrIudk azmfjy&mü emrfpm;rsm; oHk;onf/ (u) ]ig\ tb} Oyrm a,m 5;18/ 10;30? 33/ 19;7/ 20;17 (c) ]oifwdkY\ tb} Oyrm r? 17;24-27 (*)/ ]igwdkY\ tb} Oyrm r? 6;9? 14? 26

bk&m;ocifESifh vlom;rsdK;EG,f\ &if;ESD;aomawmfpyfrItm; &Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef rdom;pkqkdif&m wifpm;rIrsm;pGmteuf wpfckrSm

bk&m;ociftm; tbtjzpf

,HkMunfolrsm;tm;

bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm;tjzpf

uav;rsm; (children) tjzpf

*/ bk&m;ocif jzpfzGm;apaom olrsm;tjzpf C/ topfarG;zGm;olrsm;tjzpf i/ arG;pm;om;tjzpf p/ arG;xkwfonf q/ bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktjzpf

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ 1;8-15

8oifwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;onf wpfurÇmvHk;ü [dk;av;wausmf jzpfaeojzifh oifwdkYtm;vHk;aMumifh a,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh ig\ bk&m;ociftm; yxrOD;pGm aus;Zl;wifyg\/ 9igqkawmif;onfhtcg oifwdkYtm;vHk;taMumif; tb,frQavmuf rjywfrvyf azmfjyaMumif; rdrdom;awmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; a[m&mü ig\ pdwf0dnmOftm;jzifh tapcH&m bk&m;ocifonf ig\ oufaojzpf\/ 10,ckaemufqHk;ü bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmftm;jzifh oifwdkYxHodkY igvma&mufEkdifaumif; vma&muf Edkifrnfvm;[k qkawmif;ygonf/ 11oifwdkYcdkifcHhEkdif&ef? 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;tcsdKUtm; a0rQEdkif&ef oifwdkYudk igawGUvdkygonf/ 12¤if;rSm oifwdkYü&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh igü&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf wpfa,muf\ ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh? tjcm;wpfa,muf\ ,HkMunfjcif;udk tm;ay;um? oifwdkYESifhtwl aepOf igonf cGeftm;&EdkifrnftaMumif; jzpf\/ 13tjcm;aom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;ürSmenf;wl oifwdkYüvnf; toD;tcsdKU&Edkif&ef tvdkYiSg? oifwdkYqDvm&ef igrMumcP pDpOfaMumif; (,aeYxd [efYwm;jcif;cH&onf) nDtpfudkwdkYrodbJ aejcif;iSg igrvdkr&dSdacs/ 14igonf *&dvlrsdK;rSm enf;wl r,Ofaus;ao;olrsm;? ynm&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmrJhol ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ay: wm0ef&Sd ygonf/ 15odkYjzpf&um; ightaejzifhrl a&mrNrdKUü&Sdaom oifwdkYqDüvnf; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&ef qE´jyif;jyygonf/ 1;8 ]yxrOD;pGm} þpmydk'fü ]yxrOD;pGm} qdkonfrSm ]tpyxrü} (0g) ]igtpjyK&OD;rnf} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (J.B.Phillips)

]]a,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh^rSwpfqifh ig\ bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifyg\/ aygvkonf bk&m; ocifxH qkawmif;onfhtcg yHkrSeftm;jzifh a,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh ajymavh&Sdonf/ a,½IonfomvQif bk&m;ocifxH csOf;uyf&ef uRefawmfwdkY\ wpfckwnf;aom vrf;jzpfonf/ 7;25 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü aygvk\ csD;rGrf;jcif;ESi aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; qkawmif;rIrsm; Munfhyg/

]]oifwdkYtm;vHk;taMumif;aMumifh}} tcef;i,f 7 rSmenf;wl ]tm;vHk;} [laompum;onf ae;½dk; bk&if\ trdefYaMumifh xGufajy;oGm;cJh&onfh *sL;vlrsdK;,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ ae&mudk

tpm;xdk;onfh wyg;trsdK;om;,HkMunfolrsm;tMum; remvdkrIESifh wdkufcdkufrItm; xif[yfjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ a&mr 9-11 üvnf; þtaMumif;udkyif ajymonf/ a&mr 14;1-15;13 ü yg&Sdonfh ]tm;enf;ol} ESifh ]tm;MuD;ol} rsm;taMumif;udk ajymjcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmf&Sd tm;vHk;udk cspfNyD;? olwdkYudk nDwlnDrQ cspfawmfrlonf/

]]oifwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;t&monf wurÇmvHk;ü [dk;av;wausmf jzpfaeojzifh}} a&mr 16;19 onf þt&mudkyif nTef;qdkonf/ ¤if;onf a&mravmu^tifyg,mudkyif nTef;qdkonfh ta&SUwdkif;yHkpHcsJUum;ajymqdkrIjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf (1 ouf? 1;8)/

1;9 ]]bk&m;ocifonf ig\ oufaojzpfawmfrl\}} aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk wkdifwnfum usdefqdkjcif; jzpfonf/ (9;1? 2aum 1;23? 11;10-11? 31/ 12;19/ *vwd 1;20/ 1ouf 2;5)/ ¤if;rSm ol\ opöm&SdrIudk *sL;yHkpHjzifh tcdkfiftrmajymqdkjcif; jzpfonf/

NASB ]]tb,frQavmufrjywfrvyf}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]rjywfrvyf}}

NJB ]]tqufrjywfazmfjyum}}

NIV ]]rnfrQ wpdkufrwfrwfjzifh}} aygvk\ wpdkufrwfrwfESifh tvsifvdkaom qkawmif;rIrsm;onf (1ouf 1;2? 2;13/ 2wd 1;3) toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm; ZJGaumif;pGm vdkuf&rnfh yHkoufaowpfck jzpf&ygrnf (1ouf 5;17)/ qkawmif;jcif;onf wefcdk;BuD;aom 0dnmOfwHcg;rsm; zGifhonf/ uRefawmfwdkY rawmif;aomaMumifh r&jcif;jzpfonf (,mukyf 4;2)/

]]pdwf0dnmOfESifhtm;jzifh}} ¤if;onf *&dpum; (pneuma) tm;vlY0dnmOftjzpf toHk;jyKjcif;\ Oyrmaumif; wpfckjzpfonf/ (8;5? 10? 16/ 12;11)/ ¤if;rSm vl\toufudk (xGufouf a[NAJ ruach, BDB 924 u 6;17/ 7;15?22) ajymjcif;jzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ "r®opfusrf;xJu 0dnmOf (PNEUMA) pum;vHk; *&da0g[m& ]0dnmOf} udk "r®opfusrf;ü t"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; twGufoHk;onf/ trsdK;tpm;tcsdKUtwGuf Oyrmrsm; þwGif azmfjyonf/ u/ oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;ESifh qkdifí

1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;ESifhqdkifí (a,m 4;24)

2/ om;awmfbk&m;ESifhqdkifí (a&m 8;9-10/ 2 aum 3;17/ *v 4;6/ 1 ay? 1;11)

3/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifí (rm? 1;11/ r 3;16/ 10;20/ a,m 3;5?6?8/ 7;39/ 14;17/ w 2;4/ 5;9/ 8;29? 35/ a&mr 1;4/ 8;11?16/ 1 aum 2;4?10?11? 13?14/ 12;7)

c/ vlYtouf\ cGeftm;

1/ a,½IESifhqdkifí (rm 8;12/ a,m 11;33? 38/ 13;21)

2/ vlom;ESifhqdkifí (r? 22;43/ w? 7;59/ 17;16/ 20;22/ a&m 1;9/ 8;16/ 1 aum 2;11/ 5;3-5/ 7;34/ 15;45/ 16;18/ 2 aum 2;13/ 7;13/ zd 4;23/ aum 2;5)/

*/ 0dnmOfavmuESifhqdkifí

1/ 0dnmOfowÅ0grsm; (u) aumif;aom (aumif;uifwrefrsm;? w 23;8-9/ a[NAJ 1;14) (c) qdk;aom (0dnmOfqdk;rsm;^ewfqdk;rsm;? r 8;16/ 10;1/ 12;43? 45/ w? 5;16/ 8;7/ 16;16/ 19;12-21/ { 6;12)/ (*) wapärsm; (vkum 24;37)

0dnmOfa&;&m todtjrif (r 5;3/ 26;41/ a,m 3;6/ 4;23/ w 18;25/ a&m 2;29/ 7;6/ 8;4?10/ 12;11/ 1 aum 14;37/

0dnmOft&mrsm; (a,m 6;63/ a&m 2;29/ 8;2?5?9?15/ 15;27/ 1 aum 9;11/ 14;12)

0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm; (1 aum 12;1/ 14;1)

0dnmOfrIwfoGif;jcif; (r? 22;43/ vk 2;27/ { 1;17)

0dnmOfcE¨m (1 aum? 15;44-45)

xif&Sm;apaomt&mrsm;rSm

avmupdwfaeoabmxm; (a&m 8;15/ 11;8/ 1 aum 2;12)

vlom;\ pOf;pm;jcif;tvkyf (w? 6;10/ a&m 8;6/ 1 aum 4;2)

½kyfavmuü

av (r 7;25?27/ a,m 3;8/ w 2;2)

xGufouf (w 17;25/ 2 ouf 2;8)

¤if;\ ay:vm&mpmydk'f&Sd taMumif;t&mtm;jzifh teufjyef&rnfrSm aocsmonf/ nTef;qdkEdkifaom t"dyÜg,f t&dyft>ruftcsdKU&Sdonf/ (1) ½kyfavmu (2) rjzpfEkdifaom avmu (3) ½kyfurÇm (0g) 0dnmOfavmu\ yk*¾dKvfrsm;/

oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oefY&Sif;í tBuD;jrifhqHk; vkyfaqmifol? oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\ 0dnmOftydkif; jzpfonf/ aumif;aom? oefY&Sif;aom? rSefí ppfrSefaom t&mtm;vHk;onf olESifhqdkifonf/ ol\ &Sdaejcif;? ol\ qkvufaqmifESifh trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;onf {0Ha*vdw&m; jyefYyGm;rIESifh bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf atmifjrifa&;twGuf tjrwfqHk;aom t&mjzpfonf/ (a,m 14 ESifh 16)/ olonf rdrdxHtm½HkrqGJaqmifbJ? c&pfawmfxHodkYom tm½HkqGJaqmifaponf/ (a,m 16;13-14)/ olonf tjypfudk azmfjyonf/ oabmaygufem;vnfaponf/ ydk;yef;onf^aoG;aqmifonf/ AwÅdZHay;onf/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkYudk &ifhusufaponf (a,m 16;8-11)

1;10 ]tpOfrjywfqkawmif;yXemjyKonf/} aygvkonf þtoif;awmftm; wnfaxmifjcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; ,laqmifaom toif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;enf;wl wpdkufrwfrwf qkawmif;ay;onf (2 aum? 11;28)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;/ 9;3 ü Munfhyg/ odkYaomf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmfü aygvk\ rdwfaqGtrsm;tjym;&SdaMumif; tcef;BuD; 16 ü &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/

]]tcGifhwpHkwck&SdEdkifOD;rvm;[k qdkum (&SdygrnftaMumif;)}}/ xdkodkY trSefjzpfvmrnf[k pma&;olrSwf,lxm;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf pmygtwdkif;vnf; jzpfEkdifaom cRif;csufyg 0gusrsdK; jzpfonf/ aygvkonf pydefjynfoGm;&if; a&mrNrdKUodkY c&D;oGm;[efvTJvnfywf&ef pDpOfonf/ (15;22-24)/ MumMumae&ef pDpOfyHkr&acs/ aygvkonf tjcm;olrsm; rvkyfrudkifcJh&m e,fajra'oopfrsm;ü vkyfaqmifvdkavh&Sdonf/ (15;20/ 2 aum? 10;15?16)/ a&mrMo0g'pm a&;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm pydefjynfomoemjyKc&D;twGuf &HyHkaiGawmif;&efvnf; jzpfEkdifonf (15;24)/

]]bk&m;ocif tvdkawmftm;jzifh tqifoifhí oifwdkY&Sd&modkY igvm&aom tcGifhwpHkw&m&SdygrnftaMumif;/}} ¤if;onf ti,f 13 ESifh 15;32 wdkYESifh wlonf/ aygvkonf rdrdb0ESifhc&D;pOf pDrHcsufrsm;udk olydkifqdkifonfr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocifuom ydkifonf[k cH,lonf (w? 18;21/ 1 aum 4;19/ 16;7)/ 12;2 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ,HkMunfol\ qkawmif;rIrsm;u tusdK; oufa&mufapEkdif aMumif;vnf; rSwfom;yg/ 1;11 ]]oifwdkYudk tvGefawGUjrifcsifyg\/}} ¤if;onf 15;23 ESifh wlonf/ aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU&Sd ,HkMunfolrsm;udk umvMumjrifhpGmuyif awGUjrifvdkonf/ (w? 19;21)/

]]0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpHkwckudk tyfay;jcif;iSg}}

]0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;} qdkonfh pum;pktm; 0dnmOa&;&m todtjrif (0g) 0dnmOfa&; aumif;csD;[laom tjrifjzifh toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ (11;29/ 15;27)/ aygvkonf rdrdtm; wyg;trsdK;om; (tpöa&;r[kwfaom tjcm;vlrsdK;rsm;) twGuf wrefawmftjzpf xl;jcm;pGm ac:zdwfcH&oltjzpf rddrdudk,frdrd odjrifonf (i,f? 15)/

]]oifwdkYonf jrJjrHcdkifcHhrnftaMumif;}} ¤if;onf histēmi \ Aorist Passive Infinitive ac: tjyKcHBud,m wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,foHk;rsdK;&dSEdkifonf/ 1/ NrJjrH - a&m? 1;11/ 16;25/ 1 ouf 3;13/ 2 ay 1;12 2/ cGeftm;ay; - vk? 22;32/ 1 ouf 3;2/ 2 ouf? 2;17/ 3;3/ ,mukyf 5;8/ Asm 3;2/ 3/ cdkifrmaom qHk;jzwfcsuftwGuf ta&SUtv,fydkif; bmompum;? vkum 9;51/ 5;2 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/ 1;12 ¤if;rSm c&pf,mefrdwfó[m,\ &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;onf tvkyfvkyfaom todkif;t0dkif; wpfcktjzpf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; aygif;pnf;&ef jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefwdkYudk qkaus;Zl;rsm; ay;onfrSm tm;vHk;\ aumif;usdK;twGuf jzpfonf (1 aum 12;7)/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;vHk; qDavsmfoifhawmf Muonfcsnf;jzpf\/ qkaus;Zl;tm;vHk;udk u,fwifjcif;&csdefü oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfu ay;onf (1 aum 12;11)/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk; ac:zdwfcHolrsm;? qkaus;Zl;&&Sdolrsm;ESifh tcsdefjynfh trIaqmifrsm;jzpfonf ({? 4;11-12)/ rdrdü wrefawmftjzpf tcGifhtmPm&SdaMumif; rdrdod&Sdxm;rIudk aygvk&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyaomfvnf; todkif;t0dkif;twGif; tjyeftvSefoabmjzpfjcif;udkvnf; azmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf vdktyfMuonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mcsif;rsm; jzpfMuonf/

]]oifwkdYrodbJ aejcif;iSg? igtvkdr&Sd/}} ¤if;onfta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm; rajymrD aygvk okH;aeuspum;jzpfonf (11;25/ 1 aum? 10;1/ 12;1/ 2 aum? 1;8/ 1 ouf? 4;13)

]],ckwkdifatmif[efYwm;jcif;cH&onf/}} ¤if;rSm tjyKcHBud,mwpfrsdK; jzpfonf/ þpum;pkrsdK;udk 1 ouf? 2;18 üvnf; awGY&NyD;? [efYwm;olrSm pmwefjzpfonf/ rdrd\ toufwmudk bk&m;ocif vrf;jyNyD;? pmwefu zsufqD;onf[k aygvk ,kHMunfonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvkH;rSefoifhoavmuf rSefygonf/ (a,mb? 1-2/ 'H? 10)/ 15;22 ü þa0g[m&tokH;jyK&mü wm;qD;rIrSm ajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufa'o twGif;rNyD;jywfao;aom (ydwfqkdYcH&onf) aygvk\ omoemjyK vkyfief;ukd qkdvkdonf/

]]oifwkdYwGifvnf; tusdK;wpkHwpfck&jcif;iSg}} þae&m&Sd ]]tusdK;}} qkdonfrSm "fruit"-toD; jzpfNyD; ,kHMunfajymif;vJol topfrsm;ukd qkdvkdjcif; jzpfEkdifaomfvnf;? a,m? 15;1-8 ESifh *vm 5;22 wkdYürl c&pf,mef&ifhusufrIu nTef;qkdonf/ róJ 7 ü ]]olwkdY\ toD;tm;jzihf olwdkYudk od&vdrfhrnf}} [k qdkaomfvnf; rnfodkYaom toD;jzpfaMumif; razmfjyacs/ (jrefrmusrf;pmürl

]]tusifh}} [k yg&Sdonf) ¤if;ESifhtaumif;qkH;usrf;NydKifwpfckrSm zd? 1;22 jzpfNyD; aygvku þuJhokdYaom pkdufysdK;a&;qkdif&m wifpm;rIpum;vkH; okH;ygonf/

1;14 ]]ta<u;onf igüwifvsuf&Sd\}} þa0g[m&ukd a&mrMo0g'pmxJü aygvktawmfrsm;rsm; okH;onf/

1/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;vkH;ü (þae&mwGif) {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&ef aygvkü wm0eff&Sdonf/

2/ aoG;om; Zmwdtay: aygvkü wm0efr&Sd^ta<u;rwif (8;12)

3/ wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfonf a,½k&SvifNrdKU&Sd rdciftoif;awmftm; yHhykd;&ef wm0ef&Sd (15;27)

]]wyg;trsdK;om; - (*sL;r[kwfolrsm;)}} zGHYNzdK;wkd;wufaom? ,Ofaus;rI xGef;um;onfh ajrxJyifv,f w0kdufa'ovlrsm;ukd nTef;onf/ r[mtvufZ`E´m; bk&ifBuD;ESifh olYaemufvkdufrsm;onf xkdpOfu od&onfh urÇmtm; *&d,Ofaus;rI oGwfoGif;cJhMuonf/ (Hellenized) a&mrvlrsdK;wkdY odrf;ykdufNyD;aemuf *&d,Ofaus;rIukd cH,lMuonf/

]]r,Ofaus;aomolrsm;}} þa0g[m& (Barbarians onomatopoeia) onf ynmrwwfaom? r,Ofaus;aom vlrsdK;tkyfpkrsm;? txl;ojzifh ajrmufykdif;a'o vlrsdK;rsm;ukd qkdvdkonf/ olwkdYpum;ajymoHonf *&dvlrsdK;rsm;ESi a&mrvlrsdK;rsm;twGuf ]]bm;? bm;? bm;}} ESifh wlonf/

]]ynm&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmrJhol}} rl&if; *&dü ¤if;onf "barbarian" ESifh qifwljzpfEkdifaomfvnf;? xkdokdYr[kwfacs/ þtkyfpktm;vkH;ESifh vlwpfOD;csif;tm;vkH;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;16-1716{0Ha*vdw&m;onf ,kHMunfaomolwkdif; yxrOD;pGm *sL;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; u,fwifjcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfjzpfojzifh igonf ¤if;aMumifh &SufaMumufjcif; r&Sdacs/ 17 tb,faMumifhqdkaom ]]ajzmifhrwfaom olonf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrfhrnf}} [k usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnd bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;onf ¤if;w&m;ü ,kHMunfjcif;rS ,kHMunfjcif;twGuf zGifhjyvsuf&Sdonf/ 1;16-17/ ti,f 16-17onf þMo0g'pmwpftkyfvkH;&JU OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ þOD;wnfcsuffukd 3;21-31 ü tus,fcsJYum tusOf;csKyfonf/

NASB, NRSV ]]igonf {0Ha*vdww&m;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}} NKJV ]]igonf c&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}}

TEV ]]igonf {0Ha*vdw&m;ü ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI tjynfht0&Sdonf/}} NJB ]]igonf owif;aumif;aMumifh r&Sufacs/}}

aygvkonf rm? 8;38 ESifh vk? 9;26 wdkYyg a,½Iajympum;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf Ekdifonf/ olonf {0Ha*vdw&m;üygaom t&mrsm; (0g) ¤if;aMumifh jzpfvmaom n§Of;qJESdyfpufrIrsm;aMumifh r&Sufacs/ (2wd? 1;12?16?18)/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf qif;&J'ku©cH? ar&Sd,udk twnfjyKojzihf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf ¤if;w&m;tm; &SufaMumufMuum? *&dvlrsdK;rsm;url {0Ha*vdw&m;onf cE¨mudk,fjyef&Sif xajrmufjcif;tm; twnfjyKojzifh xdkw&m;tm; &SufaMumufMuonf (1 aum? 1;23)/

]]u,fwifjcif;w&m;}} "r®a[mif;usrf;ü a[NAJa0g[m& (yasho) onf rlvtm;jzifh ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m u,fvGwfrIudk &nfnTef; (,mukyf? 5;15) aomfvnf; "r®opfusrf;ürl *&da0g[m& (sŌzŌ) onf rlvtm;jzifh 0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m u,fvTwfrIudk nTef;qdkonf (1 aum? 1;18? 21)/ Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonymns of the Old Testament- "r®a[mif;usrf;\ t"dyÜg,fwl a0g[m&rsm;? pm? 124-126 Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif; ("r®a[mif;a0g[m&) þa0g[m& (BDB, 447) ü t"dyÜg,fyGm;trsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf/ 1/ om,majzmifhjzL;jcif;? atmifjrifBuD;yGm;jcif; - a,mb? 30;15 2/ cE¨mESifh0dnmOf oabmESpfrsdK;pvHk;ygaom bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif; u/ u? 49;18 c/ w&m;? 32;15 */ qm? 3;2?8/ 22;1/ 35;3/ 62;2/ 69;29/ 70;5/ 78;22/ 80;3/ 89;26/ 91;16/ 106;4/ 140;7/ a[&Sm 12;2/ 33;2/ 51;6?8/ 52;7?10/ 56;1/ 59;11/ 60;18/ 62;1 3/ cE¨mESifh 0dnmOfqdkif&m u,fvGwfjcif;udk a,me 2;9-10 wGif &Sif;vif;pGm wifjyonf/

4/ ]0rf;ajrmufjcif;} onf YHWH \ u,fwifjcif;ESifh qufpyfavh&Sdonf/ 1 "r®? 2;1/ a[&Sm? 25;9/ 26;1/ qm? 9;14/ 13;5/ 35;9/ rdrdzefqif;aom vlowÅ0grsm;ESifh rdrd\ rdwfó[m,jzpfjcif;ESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m YHWH rlv&nf&G,fcsuf jzpfajrmufapa&;twGuf u,fwifjcif;w&m; yg0if&onf/ ¤if;ü vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh vlYtzJGUtpnf;\ jynfhpHkjcif; yg0ifonf/

NASB ]],HkMunfolwdkif;ü}}

NKJV ]],HkMunfolwdkif;twGuf}}

NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif; (faith) &Sdolwdkif;ü}}

TEV ]],HkMunfoltm;vHk;}}

NJB ]],HkMunfjcif; (faith) &Sdoltm;vHk;}}

{0Ha*vdw&m;onf vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ (vlwdkif;? b,folrqdk? tm;vHk;... ponfh pum;vHk;rsm; cspfp&maumif;vdkufygbdjcif;/ 1;5 \ rSwfcsufü eHygwf 6 udk Munfhyg)/ odkYaomf vufcHjcif;&&Sd&ef vdktyfcsuf wpfckrSm ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (w? 16;30-31)/ tjcm;vdktyfcsuf wpfckrSm tjypfudk aemifw&jcif; jzpfonf (rm? 1;15? w?3;15 ESifh 19/ 20;21)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm; y#dnmOfw&m;jzifh qufqHonf/ (9;4 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg)/ olonf pwiftpysdK;um? tpDtpOfcsrSwfonf/ (a,m 6;44? 65)/ odkYaomf twkYHtvSnfh jyKrItajccHtcsdKU&Sdonf/ (1;5 qdkif&m rSwfcsuf? eHygwf 4 ü Munfhyg)/ þae&mü bmomjyefonfh *&dpum; ,HkMunf (believe) udk t*Fvdyfpum; - faith or trust (tm;udk;onf? tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKonf) [kvnf; bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/ qufvufjzpfay:aejcif; oabmjyaom t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ u,fwifaom ,HkMunfjcif;onf qufvufjzpfay:aeaom ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1 aum? 1;18/ 15;2; 2aum 2;15/ 1 ouf 4;14) (10;4 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg)/ rl&if;a[NAJESifhqufpyfaom þa0g[m&\ *&da0g[m& faith \ t"dyÜg,frSm vlwpfa,mufonf tvG,fwul ra&GUEkdif&ef ajcaxmufcGJvsuf? cdkifrmpGm &yfaeaom taetxm;udk qdkvdkonf/ ¤if;\ qefYusifbuf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ wifpm;rIrSm ]ighajcaxmuftpHkonf awmxJ uRHaeonf} (qm? 40;2)/ ]igum;? ajcacsmfvkvsuf? ajcvSrf;vGJvkeD;yg;&SdNyD} (qm? 73;2) [lí jzpf\/ qufpyfonfh a[NAJpum;vHk; emun, emunah, aman wdkYudk ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufaom? opöm&Sdaomol wpfa,mufa,mufESifh qdkifí oHk;aom wifpm;onfh pum;vHk;rsm; jzpfvmonf/ u,fwifjcif;,HkMunfrIrSm tjypfxJusqif;aom vlom;onf opöm&SdEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf[laom t"dyÜg,fr&SdbJ bk&m;ocif\ opöm&SdrIudk qdkvdkfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;onf olwdkY\ wwfpGrf;EkdifrIay: rwnfrSDbJ bk&m;ocif\ tusifhpm&dwÅESifh uwdpum;awGudkom trSDjyKonf/ ¤if;rSm ol\ tm;udk;tm;xm;xdkufrI? opöm&SdrI? ol\ uwdawmfrsm;jzpfonf/ (1;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&m Munfhyg/

]]yxrOD;pGm *sL;rsm;ESifh}} ¤if;\ taMumif;&if;udk 2;9-10 ESifh 3;1-20 ü tusOf;csKH;aqG;aEG;um tcef;BuD; 9-11 ü tjynfhtpHkwdk;csJU aqG;aEG;onf/ ¤if;onf r? 10;6/ 15;24/ rm? 7;27/ a,m? 4;22 wdkYyg a,½I\ azmfjyajymqdkrIudk vdkufonf/

¤if;onf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,HkMunfol wyg; trsdK;om;rsm; tMum; remvdkrIESifhvnf; qufpyfEdkifonf/ 1;7 ]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}} þusrf;ydk'ft& þpum;pkonf (1) bk&m;ocif\ tusifhp½dkufESihf (2) xdkp½dkufudk vlom;rsdK;EG,ftm;rnfodkY ay;aMumif; &nfnTef;onf/ bmomjyef a,½k&Svifusrf;pm (JB) ü þodkY awGU&onf/ ]]¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ w&m;rQwrIu zGihfjyaom t&mjzpfonf/}} ¤if;onf ,HkMunfol\ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m touf&Sifjcif; yHkpHudk &nfnTef;&if;? rlvtm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfaomw&m;olBuD;jzpfawmfrlol\ a&SUawmfarSmufü w&m;Oya't& ol\ &yfwnfrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;tm; usqif;aom? tjypfjyKaomvlom;twGuf rSwf,lay;jcif;onf jyefvnfjyKjyifjcif;acwf (Reformation) rSpí ]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkY a&mufjcif;}} tjzpf xif&Sm;vmcJhonf (2 aum? 5;21/ zd? 3;9)/ þusrf;ydk'fonf rmwifvlom\ b0ESifh "r®ynmudk ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ rnfodkYjzpfap ajzmifhrwf&mü wnffapjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm oefY&SIif;pifMu,fjcif;? c&pfawmfESihfwljcif; (0g) bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif; vu©PmtrSwftom;jzpfonf/ (a&m 8;28-29/ *v? 4;19/ {? 1;4/ 2;10/ 4;13/ 1ouf 3;13/ 4;3/ 1 ay?1;15)/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf w&m;Oya't& ausnmcsuf xkwfjyef½kHoufoufr[kwfbJ? oefY&Sif;pGm touf&Sif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;? vlom;xJü&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm; tjyKoabmjzifh jyefvnfazmfxkwfjcif; jzpfonf (2 aum? 5;21)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ ajzmifhrwfjcif; ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} [lonftjywftqkH;tjzwfay;aom taMumif;t&mjzpfNyD; or®musrf;pm avhvmolwpfOD;taejzifh xkdt,ltqukd us,fjyefYpGm avhvm&efjzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü bk&m;ocif\ trSwfvu©Pmu ]]w&m;ol}} (0g) ]]ajzmifhrwfol}} tjzpf a&;om;azmfjyonf/ (BDB 841) arqkdykdawrD;,m; (,ckacwf tD&wf) \ rl&if;a0g[m&rSm aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;ü tkwfwHwkdif;rsm;ESifh NcHpnf;½kd;rsm;ajzmifhwef;jcif;&Sd r&SdqkH;jzwf&ef okH;aom jrpfvufwuf wpfck\ trnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ rlvoabmom0tm; wifpm;jyo&eftwGuf xkdpum;vkH;okH;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ olonft&mcyfodrf;tm; wefzkd;jzwf&ef tokH;jyKonfh (aywH) jzpfonf/ þt,ltqü bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifykdifcGifh tmPmukdomru bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;;ukdyg tckdiftrm azmfjyonf/

vlukd bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;onf/ (u? 1;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6)/ vlom;ukd bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfjzpfaygif;azmf&ef zefqif;onf/ zefqif;orQ t&mtm;vkH;onf vlom;\ tjyeftvef qufqHjcif;twGuf pifjrifh (okdY) aemufcHum;csyfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;rI\ txGwftxdyfjzpfol vlom;tm; rdrdukd oduRrf;apvkdonf/ cspfapvkdonf/

tapcHapvkdonf/ rdrdESifhwlapvkdygonf/ vl\ opöm&SdrIonf prf;oyfrIcHum (u? 3) rlvZeD;armifESHwkdYonf prf;oyfrItm; ½IH;edrfhcJhMuonf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;tMum; qufpyfrI ysufpD;oGm;aponf/ (u? 3/ a&m? 5;12-21)/ xkdrdwfaqGjzpfrIukd jyifqifum e*kdaejyefjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocifuwdjyKonf/ (u? 3;15)/ olonf ¤if;ukd rdrdESifh rdrdom;awmf\ qE´twkdif; jyKonf/ xkduGJtufrIukd jyefaumif;vmap&ef vlom;rwwfEkdifcJhacs/ (a&mr 1;18-3;20)/ tjypfvkyfum us½HI;NyD;aemuf? e*dkaejyefjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocif\ yxrajcvSrf;rSm y#dnmOfw&m;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;onf vlom;tm; tjypfudk aemifw&&ef? opöm&Sd&ef? emcHrIjzihf wHkYjyef&ef ac:zdwfrIay: tajcjyKonf/ tjypfjyKrIaMumifh vlom;onf oifhavsmfvHkavmufatmif rjyKrlEdkifacs/ (a&m? 3;20-31/ *v? 3)/ y#dnmOftm;csdK;azgufol vlom;rsm; e*dkaejyefjzpfap&efqdkvQif bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkif tpjyKajcvSrf; pwif&ef jzpfonf/ olonf þt&mudk vkyfyHkrSm -

1/ c&pfawmfjyKaom tvkyftm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udk vlom;xH aMumfjimjcif; (w&m;Oya'ESifh qdkifaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;)

2/ c&pfawmfjyKaom tvkyftm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;tm; vlom;udk tcrJhay;jcif;

3/ ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;tm; vufawGUjzpfapol 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfrItm; axmufyHhay;urf;jcif; (c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;? bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm; jyefvnf&,ljcif;)

odkYaomf bk&m;ocifonf y#dnmOfw&m;t& wHkYjyefrI awmif;qdkonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ½Hk;awmftrdefYcsrSwfum (tcrJh) axmufyHhonf rSefaomfvnf; vlom;onf wHkYjyefrIjyKum? atmufygtwdkif; qufvufwHkkYjyefoGm; &ayrnf/

tjypfaemifw&jcif;

,HkMunfjcif;

emcHaomtouf&Sifjcif; yHkpH&Sdjcif;

pGJjrJjcif; xdkYaMumifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf y#dnmOfESifhqdkifaom bk&m;ocifESifh ol\tjrifhqHk; zefqif;&m vlom;tMum; twkHUtvSnfh jyKrljcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tusifhp½dkuf? c&pfawmf jyKaomtvkyfESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ wwfpGrf;aprIwdkYay: tajcjyKum vlwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf qufvufí oifhavsmfvHkavmufpGm wkHYjyefMu&ayrnf/ þt,ltqudk ],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;} [kac:onf/ þoabmudk c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü zGifhjyaomfvnf;?

þa0g[m&rsm;tm;jzifh rawGU&acs/ ¤if;udk rlvtm;jzifh aygvku t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfum? *&da0g[m& ]ajzmifhrwfjcif;} tm; yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh tBudrfaygif; 100 ausmf oHk;onf/

aygvkonf avhusifhxm;onfh *sL;&Adq&mBuD;wpfyg;yDyD *&da0g[m & dikaiosunē udk ¤if;\ a[NAJvdk SDQ yHkpHjzifh toHk;jyKonf/ ¤if;onf *&dbmomjyef"r®a[mif;usrf; (Septuagint- LXX) ü toHk;jyKyHkjzpfNyD;? *&dpmayyHkpH r[kwfacs/ *&dpmaya&;om;rIü xdka0g[m&tm; bk&m;ESifhvlYtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m arQmfvifhjcif;rsm;ESifh udkufnDaomolESifh qufpyfaom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ a[jAJoHk;EIef;yHkpHtjrifürl y#dnmOfjyKjcif;qdkif&m toHk;tEIef;rsm; xnfhoGif;avh&Sdonf/ YHWH onf w&m;aom? udk,fusifhw&m;ESihfnDaom bk&m;jzpfonf/ olonf rdrd\ vlrsm;udk rdrd\ tusifhp½kdkuftm; xif[yfapvdkonf/ a&G;EIwfjcif;cHvlom;onf topfzefqif;aom owÅ0gjzpfvmonf/ þtopfjyKjyifjcif;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHopf jzpfay:aponf/ (a&mrumodkvpf\ tjrifajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;)/ tpöa&;onf bmoma&;jzifh tkyfcsKyfaom pHepfusifhoHk;ojzifh avmuDa&;&m (vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; ajzmifhrwfjcif;) ESifh avmukwå&mta&; (bk&m;\ tvkdawmf) tm;&Sif;pGm tao;pdwfazmfjyjcif; r&Sdacs/ þuGJjym;xl;jcm;rIudk a[jAJESifh*&da0g[m&rms;tm;jzifh azmfjyxm;&m t*Fvdyfvdk ]justice}- w&m;rQwrI (vlYtzGJUtpnf;qkdif&m) ESifh ]righteousness} ajzmifhrwfjcif; (bmoma&;qdkif&m) rsm;tjzpf bmomjyef qdkonf/

a,½I\ {0Ha*vdw&m; (owif;aumif;) [lonf usqif;aom vlom;tm; bk&m;ocifESifh jyefí rdwfó[m,&Sdapjcif;yif jzpfonf/ ¤if;tm; crnf;awmf\ cspfjcif;arwåm? *½kPmawmfESifh aus;Zl;awmf? om;awmf\ touftaocHjcif;ESifh jyef&Sifxajrmufjcif;? 0dnmOfawmf\ ydk;yef;rIESifh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;odkY qGJaqmifjcif;rsm;tm;jzifh aqmif&GufNyD;pD;aponf/ ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ tcrJh (free vGwfvyfaom) vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifh udkufnDrI jzpfxGef;ap&ygrnf/ (Mo*wfpwif;\ &yfwnfcsufjzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; txl;jyKonfh jyefvnfjyKjyifjcif; - Reformation ESifh ajymif;vJaom toufwm? cspfjcif;arwåmESifh opöm&Sdjcif;udk txl;jyKonfh a&mrumodkvpfESpfckpvHk;udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/) jyefvnfjyKjyifolrsm;twGuf xdka0g[m&onf ]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfrI? tjypf&Sdol vlom;tm; bk&m;ocif vufoifhcHEkdifap&ef vkyfaqmifrIwnf;[lonfh taetxm;qdkif&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,frIjzpfNyD; umodkvpfcH,lcsufrsm;twGufrSmrl xdka0g[m&onf bk&m;ocifESifh ydkíydkí wlvmjcif;vkyfief;pOfwnf;[laom tawGUtMuHKqdkif&m wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; jzpfonf/ trSefrSm ESpfrsdK;pvHk; jzpfonf)/

uREkfyf\ tjrifürl urÇmOD;usrf; 4 rSonf Asm'dwf 20 txd or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;onf {'ifO,smOfu rdwfo[m,udk bk&m;ocif jyeffvnfazmfaqmifjcif; rSwfwrf;jzpfygonf/ or®musrf;pmonf tpyxrü bk&m;ocifESifh vlom;\ rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;ESifhpwifum

(urÇmOD; 1-2)? xdktajctaersdK;ESifhyif tqHk;owfonf (Asm'dwf 21-22)/ bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifh &nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfay:vmvdrhfrnf/ txufygaqG;aEG;csufrsm;udk taxmuftxm;jyK&ef tqdkyg *&da0g[m&tkyfpkuGJrsm;tm; &Sif;vif;onfh a&G;cs,fxm;aom atmufyg"r®opfusrf;? usrf;ydk'frsm;udk rSwfxm;yg/

1/ bk&m;ocif ajzmifhrwfonf/ (bk&m;ociftm; w&m;olBuD;tjzpf azmfjyavh&Sdonf) u/ a&mr 3;26 c/ 2 oufomavmed 1;5-6 */ 2 wdarmao 4;8 C/ Asm'dwf 16;5

2/ a,½Iajzmifhrwfawmfrlonf u/ wrefawmf 3;14/ 7;52/ 22;14 (ar&Sd,\ bGJUemr) c/ róJ 27;19 */ 1 a,m? 2;1? 29/ 3;7/

3/ rdrd\ zefqif;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/ u/ 0wfjyK&m 19;2 c/ róJ 5;48 (5;17-20)

4/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm; bk&m;ocif axmufyHhjcif;ESifh jzpfyGm;apjcif;enf;vrf;rsm; u/ a&mr 3;21-31 c/ a&mr 4 */ a&mr 5;6-11 C/ *vmwd 3;6-14 i/ bk&m;ocifay;onfrSm

(1) a&mr 3;24/ 6;23 (2) 1aum&dEåK 1;30 (3) {zuf 2;8-9 p/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&&SdonfrSm

(1) a&mr 1;17/ 3;22? 26/ 4;3?5?13/ 9;30/ 10;4?6?10/

(2) 2 aum&dEåK 5;21 q/ om;awmf\ vkyfaqmifrItm;jzifh

(1) a&mr 5;21

(2) 2aum&dEÅK 5;21 (3) zdvdyÜd 2;6-11

5/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSm olYaemufvdkufolrsm; ajzmifhrwfMu&ef jzpfonf/ (u) róJ 5;3-48/ 7;24-27 (c) a&mr 2;13/ 5;1-5/ 6;1-23 (*) 1 wdarmao 6;11 (C) 2 wdarmao 2;22/ 3;16

(i) 1 a,m 3;7 (p) 1 ay 2;24

6/ bk&m;ocifonf urÇmtm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;jzifh w&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnf/ u/ wrefawmf 17;31 c/ 2 wdarmao 4;8 bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf tjypfjyKolvlom;tm; c&pfawmftm;jzifh tcrJhay;aom bk&m; ocif\ trSwfvu©Pmwpfck jzpfonf/

1/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;½Hkk;awmf pD&ifcsufwpfck

bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifwpfck

3/ c&pfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrI wpfck odkYaomf ¤if;onf tifwdkuftm;wdkufESifh

pGJpGJNrJjrJ BudK;yrf;&rnfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfief;pOf wpfckvnf;jzpfNyD; ¤if;onf c&pfawmf 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf <uvmaomaeYü tqHk;owf vdrhfrnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;udk u,fwifjcif;&csdefü jyef&onf rSeffaomfvnf;? b0toufwm wavQmufvHk; qufvufjzpfay:um aoqHk;csdef odkYr[kwf csDaqmifjcif;ü rsufESmcsif;qdkif zl;awGU&onftxd jzpfonf/ þaqG;aEG;rItm; ed*Hk;csKyf&ef azmfjyb aumif;rGefaom tnTef;wpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;udk ]aygvkESifh ola&;aompmrsm; qdkif&m tbd"gef Dictionary of Paul & His Letters jzpfonf/

uJvfAif (Calvin) onf bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESi qufpyfjcif;qkdif&m jrifuGif;udk vlom (Luther) xufydkí txl;jyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;tay: vlom\ tjrifrSm w&m;aovGwfvdkufjcif; tjrifygaeonfESifh wlonf/ uJvfAifurl bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfrItm; uREkfyfwdkY tquftoG,fjyKjcif; (0g) oGif;ay;jcif;\ tHhMozG,f&m oabmobm0udk txl;jyKonf (pm? 834)/ uREkfyftwGufrl ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfrIü rsufESmpmoHk;rsdK;&Sdonf/

1/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfonf (ta&SUydkif; toif;awmfESifh uJvfAif\ txl;jyKrI)

2/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf or®mw&m;jzpfonf (Mo*wfpwif;ESifh vlomwdkY\ txl;jyKrI)

3/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf ajymif;vJaom toufwmjzpfonf (umodkvpf txl;jyKrI) ¤if;wdkYtm;vHk; rSefuefNyD; usef;rmMuHhcdkifaom? rSefuefNyD; or®musrf;enf;us c&pf,mef jzpfa&;twGuf tm;vHk; pGJudkifxm;&ygrnf/ wpfa,mufa,mufu wpfrsdK;rsdK;tm; tvGeftuRH txl;jyKrnf (0g) ½Iwfcsrnfqdkygu jyóemjzpfoGm;ygonf/ a,½Iudk MudKqdk&ygrnf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;udk ,HkMunf&ygrnf/ c&pfawmfESihfwlnDjcif;tm; rSDatmifvkduf&ygrnf/

NASB, NKJV ]],HkMunfjcif;rS ,HkMunfjcif;odkY}}

NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ,HkMunfjcif;twGuf}}

TEV ]]¤if;onf tprStqHk; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh jzpf\}}

NJB ]],HkMunfjcif;onf ,HkMunfjcif;odkY rnfuJhodkY OD;aqmifoGm;aMumif; jyonf}}

þpum;pkü ek ESifh eis ac: 0dbwfESpfck&Sd&m tajymif;tvJ (0g) wdk;wufrIudk jyonf/ aygvkonf 0guswnfaqmufyHkrsdK;udk 2 aum 2;16 ü toHk;jyKNyD;? 2aum 3;18 ü oHk;aom 0dbwfrsm;rSm opoESifh apojzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf tcrJh vufaqmifwpfrsdK;jzpfum? ¤if;onf xl;jcm;rIESifh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpH wpfckjzpfvm&ef arQmfvifhonf/ þpum;pkudk trsdK;rsdK;bmomjyefEkdifonf/ William\ "r®opfbmomjyefusrf;ü ]ydkrdkBuD;rm;aom ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfvm&ef ,HkMunfjcif;u ay;aomOD;aqmifrI}} [lí jzpfonf/ "r®ynmqdkif&m t"dutcsufrsm;rSm –

1/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS vmonf (zGifhjyonf)

2/ vlom;onf wHkYjyef&rnfjzpfNyD;? qufvufwkYHjyefoGm;onf/ 3/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;w&m;udkif;½dIif;aom toufwmjzpfay:ap&ygrnf/ aocsmonfrSm c&pfawmftm; ],HkMunfjcif;} onf tNyD;tjywf qHk;jzwfcsufay;aom t&mjzpfonf/ (5;1/ zd? 3;9) bk&m;ocifay;onfh u,fwifjcif;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wkYHjyefrItay: tajccHonf (rm 1;15/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ w? 3;16 ESihf 19/ 20;21)/ 1;5/ 4;5 ESifh 10;4 wdkY\ txl;taMumif;t&m wdkYü Munfhyg/

ajzmifhrwfaomvlonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}

NKJV ]]rSefuefaom (just) olonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}

NRSV ]]ajzmifhrwfaomolonf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf&Sifvdrfhrnf}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefaom olonf ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh touf&Sifvdrhfrnf}}

NJB ]]ajzmifhrSefaomvlonf ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh toufudk awGUonf}} ¤if;onf [A?2;4 rS jzpfaomfvnf; t"du *&drl&if;usrf;jzpfonfh Masoretic Text (MT) ESifh *&dbmom\ "r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint (LXX)) wdkYü xdkodkfYr[kwfacs/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ],HkMunfjcif;- faith wGif “trustworthiness’’ (,HkMunftm;xm;xdkufrI) “faithfulness” or “loyalty” -(opöm&Sdjcif;) pum;vHk;wdkYtm;wifpm; (metaphorical) onfht"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (1;5 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom

,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ opöm&SdrIay: tajcjyKonf/ (3;5?21?22?25?26) vlonf bk&m;ocif\ axmufyHhrIudk tm;udk;tm;xm; jyKjcif;onf vl\ opöm&SdrIudk ay:vGifaponf/ þ"r®a[mif;usrf;csufudkyif *v? 3;11 ESifh a[NAJ? 10;38 wdkYü azmfjyonf/ tqufusrf;ydk'f a&mr 1;18-3;20 onfbk&m;ocif\ opöm&SdrIESifh qefYusifbuf&Sd azmfjyonf/ þpum;pk\ aemufqHk;tydkif;tm; acwfopfteufzGifhusrf; jyKpkolrsm; rnfuJhodkY em;vnf aMumif; azmfjyygu taxmuftuljzpfapygonf/

1. Vaughan “,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpjyKí ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tqHk;owfonf/

Hodge “,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom”

3. Barrett “tjcm;r[kwfbJ ,HkMunfjcif;tajccHtm;jzifhom”

4. Knox “,HkMunfjcif;onf yxrESifhaemufqHk;”

5. Stagg “ajzmifhrSefolonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh (out of faith) touf&Sifvdrfhrnf/

(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf;/ /1;18-23

rw&m;rIjzi zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fol? rw&m;aomvlrsm;\ wzufü bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfonf aumif;uifay:rS zGifhjyvsuf&Sd\/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf bk&m;ociftaMumif;odí&aom t&mrsm;u bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYü xif&Sm;apojzifh ¤if;onf olwkdYtxJü xif&Sm;vsuf&Sd\/ 20taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif\ rsufjrifr&aom *kPftFgrsm;? ol\xm0&wefcdk;awmfESifh bk&m;yuwdonf zefqif;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum? urÇmtm; zefqif;onfh tcsdefrSpí &Sif;vif;pGm odjrif&\/ xdkYaMumifholwdkYü qifajcwufEdkifp&m taMumif;r&Sdacs/ 21taMumif;rlum; olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk odonfrSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ociftjzpf jzifh olYudk *kPfjyKjcif;? aus;Zl;wifjcif;r&SdMubJ? rdrdwdkY\ rSef;qrIrsm;tm;jzifh tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;Mu um? rdkufrJaomolwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;rsm;onf arSmifrdkufvsuf&Sd\/ 22ynm&Sdjzpfygonf [kqdkMufaomfvnf;? t½l;rsm;jzpfoGm;Muum 23rysufpD;Edkifaom bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfudk ysufpD;wwfaomvlESifh aus;iSufrsm;? ajcav;acsmif; owå0grsm;ESifh wGm;oGm;aom owå0grsm;\ ½kyfwkqif;wkrsm;ESifh vJvS,f vdkufMu\/ 1;18 ]]taMumif;rlum;}} t"duOD;wnfcsuftm; azmfjyonfh 16-17ü “gar” pum;vHk; b,fESpfcgoHk;aMumif;- oHk;BudrfjzpfaMumif; odxm;yg/ ¤if;onf,ck{0Ha*vdw&m;\ yxrtcsufudk aygvkpí wifjyjcif; jzpfon (1;18-3;31)/ ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfESifhum; (1;16-17) qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ‘]]bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmf}} ti,f 18-23 onf aygvkacwfomoemyavmutaMumif; azmfjyonf/ omoemavmutaMumif; aygvk\azmfjyjcif; yHkpHudk *sL;pmayrsm;üvnf;

awGY&onf/ (Wisdom of Solomon 13:1ESifh Letter of Aristeas, 134-38) ESifh *&dESifha&mrvlrsdK;rsm; igudk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m pmayrsm;üygawGY&onf/ bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmftaMumif;ajymaom or®usrf;pm uyif bk&m;ocif\ rsufawmftaMumif;udkvnf; ajymjyonf/ (23-32/ 2;5-8/ 3;5/ 4;15/ 5;9/ 9;2/ 12;19/ 13;4-5)/ trsufxGufjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;wnf;[lonfh vlYa0g[m&ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udkyif bk&m;ocifü oHk;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; rdrdu wHkYjyefrIay;um? touf&Sif apvdkjcif;yHkpH wpfrsdK;&SdaMumif; xdka0g[m&rsm;uazmfjyonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf (c&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;) tm;vl wpfa,mufu jiif;qefonfhtcg jzpfay:vmaom tusdK;qufrSm þtcef;i,füjyonfhwdkif; ,m,DtusdK;quf &SdouJhodkY c&pfawmf <umvmonfh tcsdefü awGU&rnfh tusdK;qufvnf;&Sdao;onf (2;5)/ odkYaomfbk&m;ocifudk tmCwBuD;NyD; vufpm;acsvdkpdwf wpfuJuJESifhjzpfaeoltm;jzi ½Ijrif&efum;r[kwfacs/ w&m;pD&ifjcif;onf ol\ ]]xl;qef;aomtvkyf}} jzpfonf (a[&Sm? 28;21)/ cspfjcif;arwåmonf ol\ trSwftom;jzpfonf/ w&m;a[m&musrf; 5;9-5;10? 7;9wdkYESifh EIdif;,SOfyg/ olYü w&m;rQwrIESifh aus;Zl;u½kPm ydkíomvGef ydkuJonf/ odkYaomf vlwdkif; (a' 12;13-14/ *v? 6;7) c&pf,mefrsm;ygrusef bk&m;ociftm; owif;ydkYMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (14;10-12/ 2 aum? 5;10)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om; azmfjyjcif; (Anthropomorphic language)

1/ þyHkpHpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;onf "r®a[mif;usrfü tvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ (OyrmtcsdKUrSm) u/ cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm; 1/ rsufpd- u? 1;4;31? 6;8? xGuf? 33;17? awm? 14;14? w&m;? 11;12? Zm? 4;10/

vuf - xGuf? 15;17? awm? 11;23? w&m;? 2;15/

vufarmif; - xGuf? 6;6? 15;16? awm? 11;23? w&m;? 4;34? 5;15/

em;&Guf - awm? 11;18? 1 "r®? 8;21? 4"r®? 19;16?

rsufESm - xGuf? 32;30? 33;11? awm? 6;25? w&m;? 34;10? qm? 114;7/

6/ vufacsmif;rsm; - xGuf? 8;19? 31;18? w&m;? 9;10? qm? 8;3/

7/ toH - u? 3;8? 10? xGuf? 15;26? 19;19? w&m;? 26;17? 27;10/ss

8/ ajcaxmuf - xGuf? 24;10? a,Z? 43;7/

- xGuf? 24;9-11? qm?

-

a[&Sm? 6;1? a,Z? 1;26/

16;7-13? 22;11-15? 31;11-13? 48;15-

13-21? 14;19? olBuD;? 2;1? 6;22-23? 13;3-22/

4/ rD;½dIUaom,Zfaumifrsm;teHUudk½ljcif; - u? 8;21? 0wf? 26;31? tm? 5;21/

5/ qif;vmjcif; - u? 11;5? 18;21? xGuf? 3;8? 19;11?18?20/

6/ arma&Sudk oN*dKvfjcif; - w&m;? 34;6

*/ vlom;\pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; (OyrmtcsdKU)

1/ aemifw& (pdwfem) - u? 6;6-7? xGuf? 32;14? olBuD;? 2;18? 1"r®? 15;29? 35? tm? 7;3?6/

2/ pdwfqdk; - xGuf? 4;14? 15;7? awm? 11;10? 12;9? 22;22? 25;3-4? 32;10?13?14? w&m;? 6;5? 7;4? 29;20/

3/ o0efwdk (tjypf&Sdonf[kxifvG,f) - xGuf? 20;5? 34;14? w&m;? 4;24? 5;9? 6;15? 32;16?21? a,m½I? 24;19/

4/ &GH&Sm - 0wf? 20;23? 26;30? w&m;? 32;19/

C/ rdom;pka0g[m&rsm; (OyrmtcsdKU)

1/ zcif

(u) tpöa&;rsm;ESifhqdkifí - xGuf? 4;22? w&m;? 14;1? 39;5?

(c) &Sifbk&ifESifhqdkifí – 2"r®? 7;11-16? qm? 2;7/ (*) zcifuJhodkYjyKrloltjzpf wifpm;rIrsm; - w&m;? 1;13? 8;5? 32;1? qm? 27;10? ok? 3;12? a,? 3;4?22? 31;20? a[m? 11;1-4? rmv? 11;1-4/

2/ rdbrsm; - a[m? 11;1-4

3/ rdcif -qm? 27;10 (EdkYxdef;onfuJhodkY)? a[&Sm? 49;15? 66;9-13/

4/ i,fcspfOD; - a[m? 1-3/

2/ þyHkpHbmompum;oHk;&jcif;taMumif;&if;rsm; u/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdvlom;rsm;tm; zGifhjy&ef ¤if;yHkpHvdktyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf emrf 0dÓOfjzpfírjrif&ojzifh bk&m;ociftm; vlom; tjzpfa&; om;azmfjyum? a,musfm; tjzpf,lqjcif;rSm tvGefysUHESYHonf/ c/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;b0\ t"dyÜg,ft&SdqHk;jrifuGif;rsm;udk,lum? qif;aom vlom;tm; rdrdudk,frdrdazmfxkwfjyo&ef ¤if;wdkYudktoHk;jyKonf/ (zcif? rdcif? rdb? cspfol)

*/ ½kyfcE¨myHkpHwpfrsdK;rsdK;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrduefYowfxkwfjy&ef vdktyfrI&Sdaomfvnf; xdkodkYjyK&ef qE´r&Sd acs/ (xGuf? 20? w&m;? 5)/

C/ bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om;azmfjyjcif;\ txG#ftxdyfrSm a,½Itjzpf vl0ifpm;jcif;jzpf onfh bk&m;ocifonf ½kyfcE¨m? wdkYxdí&aom oljzpfvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ (1a,m? 1;1-3)/ bk&m;cif\ owif;pum;onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf jzpfvmonf (a,m? 1;1-18)/

]]zGifhjyvsuf&Sdonf}} {0Ha*vdw&m;onf zGifhjyxm;aom or®mw&m;wpf&yf (i,f 17) jzpfonfenf;wl bk&m;ocif\ trsufawmfrSmvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ b,f[murS vlom;rsm; &SmazGawGY&Sdír[kwf ovkd? ,kwådaA'oabmomomvnf;r[kwfacs/

]]or®mw&m;tm;zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fol}} ¤if;rSm vlom;\ rod&Sd? em;rvnfrIudk rqdkvdkbJ? vlom;\ acgif;rmrmjzifhjiif;qefrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ (21;32? a,m? 3;17-21)/ þpum;pk\ jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaomt"dyÜg,frSm

1/ olwdkYonf or®mw&m;udk od&aomfvnf;jiif;qefMuonf/

2/ or®mw&m;udk olwdkYjiif;qefaMumif;tm;? olwdkY\ touf&Sifjcif; yHkpHujyoaeonf/

3/ olwdkY\toufwmrsm;ESifh^pum;rsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; or®mw&m;udkrod&ef? vufrcH&eftaMumif;jzpfaponf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aygvka&;aompmrsm;xJazmfjyonfh ]]or®mw&m;}} þa0g[m&tm; aygvkoHk;EIef;jcif;ESifh ¤if;ESifhqufpyfonfh toHk;tEIef;rsm;onf "r®a[mif; usrf;ESifh t"dyÜg,fnDrQaom emet rSvmjcif;jzpfNyD; ,HkMunftm;xm;xdkufonfU (0g) opöm&Sdonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (BDB 53)/ *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\ or®musrf;pmqkdif&m ta&;tom;rsm;ü¤if;udk trSm;ESifhqefYusifbuf jzpfaom or®mw&m;ESifhqdkifí oHk;onf/ ¤if;ESifhteD;pyfqHk;tvm;wl toHk;tEIef;rSm the Dead Sea Scrolls ac:yifv,faoa'orS aemufqHk;awGY&Sdaom om;a&usrf; tvdyfrsm;ü yg0ifonfH ]]aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;&m "r®a[mif;rsm;}} jzpfNyD;? ¤if;ü zGifhjycJhNyD;aom Mo0g'rsm;ESifhqdkifaom toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifh a&;om;onf/ xdkvlUtzGJUtpnf;\ tzGJU0ifrsm;onf ]]or®mw&m;\ oufaorsm;}} jzpfvmonf/ aygvkonf xdka0g[m&tm; a,½Ic&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;&Sd &nfnTef;&eftoHk;jyKrnf/

a&m? 1;18?25?

20;? 3;7? 15;8/

rdrdrSefuefpGmajymqdkaMumif;jy&efvnf; oHk;onf/

wrefawmf

i/ zdvdyÜd? 1;18 p/ 2wdarmao? 2;7/ olonf rdrd&nf&G,fcsuftm; &Sif;vif;&ef (1aum? 5;8)ESifh rdrdtouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHtm; (c&pf,mefrsm; tm;vHk;twGufyg)jyo&efESifh ({zuf? 4;24/ 5;9/ zd? 4;8) wcgwav vlrsm;twGufoHk;onf/ u / bk&m;ocif- a&mr? 3;4? (a,m[ef? 3;33/ 17;17) c / a,½I- {zuf? 4;21 (a,m[ef? 14;6 ESifhqifwl) */ wrefawmftjzpfjyaomoufao - wdwk? 1;13/ C / aygvk - 2aum? 6;8/ *vwd? 4;16 ESifh {zuf? 4;15 rsm;xJu Bud,myHkpHrsdK; (Oyrm? aletheoy)&SdaygvkuomvQifoHk; um? {0Havdw&m;&Sd nTef;qdkonf/ aemufxyfavhvm&ef Colin Brown (ed)\The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, twGJ 3? pm? 784-902 udkwdkifyifyg/ 1;19 ]]tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ociftaMumif;odí&aomt&mrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYü xif&Sm;apojzifh ¤if;onf olwdkYtxJüxif&Sm;vsuf&Sd\}} vlom;tm;vHk;onf bk&m;ociftaMumif; tcsdKUwdkYtm; zefqif;aomt&mrsm;rS odMuonfomjzpfonf/ (i,f? 20/ a,mb? 12;7-10 ESifh qm? 19;1-6wdkYü obm0w&m;rSwqifh) "r®ynmü¤if;udk

]]obm0w&m;tm;jzifhzGifhjyjcif;}} [kac:onf/ ¤if;onf tjynfhtpHkr[kwfonfYwdkif or®musrf;pmxJ yg&Sdonfh bk&m;ocif\ ]]txl; zGifhjyjcif;}} (qm? 19;7-14) odkYr[kwf a,½Itm;jzifh tqHk;pGefaom zGifhjyrItm;r&&Sdvdkufolrsmtay: bk&m;ocif udkifpGJonfU wm0ef,lrIjzpfonf (aum? 1;15/ 2;9)/ ]]odonf}} qkdaom a0g[m&ukd "r®opfusrf;ü tjrifESpfrsdK;jzifh okH;onf/ (1) ¤if;\ "r®a[mif;tjrifjzpfaom yk*¾dKvfcsif; &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifonfh qufpyfrI (u? 4;1/ a,? 1;5) ESifh (2) taMumif;t&mwpfck\ tjzpfrSeftm; *&dtjrifjzifh azmfjyrI (i,f 21) wkdYjzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdw&m;onf BudKqkdjcif;jyK&rnfh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;ESifh vufcH,kHMunfjcif;jyK&rnfh tqkdyg yk*¾dKvftaMumif; owif;pum;ESpfrsdK;pvkH;yifjzpfonf/ þti,f 19 ü ¤if;ukd eHygwf (2) tjriftm;jzifhom okH;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /od&Sdonf (Oyrmtjzpf w&m;a[m&musrf;tm; okH;avh&Sdonf) a[NAJpum; ]]od&Sdonf}} (BDB 393) ü t"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; (ta&SUtv,fykdif; bmompum;) ukd QalBud,mtrsdK;tpm;ü awGY&onf/

1/ tqkd;taumif; em;vnfjcif; - u? 3;22/ w&m;? 1;39/ a[&Sm? 7;14-15/ a,me? 4;11 2/ em;vnfjcif;tm;jzifh od&Sdjcif; - w&m;? 9;2?3?6/ 18;21

3/ tawGYtBuKHtm;jzifh od&Sdjcif; - w&m;? 3;19/ 4;35/ 8;2?3?5/ 11;2/ 20;20/ 31;13/ a,m½I? 23;14

4/ pOf;pm;jcif; - w&m;? 4;39/ 11;2/ 29;16

5/ vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh od&Sdjcif;

(u) vlyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf - u? 29;5/ xGuf? 1;8/ w&m;? 22;2/ 33;9

(c) bk&m;wpfql - w&m;? 11;28/ 13;2?6?13/ 28;64/ 29;26/ 32;17

(*) YHWH- w&m;? 4;35? 39/ 7;9/ 29;6/ a[&Sm? 1;3/ 56;10-11

(C) vdifrIudpötm;jzifh - u? 4;1/? 17? 25/ 24;16/ 38;26

6/ oif,laom uRrf;usifrI (0g) todynm - a[&Sm? 29;11?12/ tm? 5;16

7/ ynm&Sdoljzpfjcif; - w&m;? 29;4/ ok? 1;2/ 4;1/ a[&Sm? 29;24

8/ bk&m;ocif\ todynm

(u) arma&SESifhqkdifí - w&m;? 34;10

(c) tpöa&;ESifhqkdifí - w&m;? 31;21?27?29

1;20/ þusrf;ykd'fonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; okH;rsdK;azmfjyonf/

1/ ol\ rjrifEkdifaom *kPfowÅdrsm; (ol\ vu©Pm/ aum? 1;15/ 1 wd? 1;17/ a[NAJ? 11;27)

2/ ol\ xm0&wef;ckd;awmf (obm0tm; zefqif;jcif;ü awGY&onfhtwkdif;? qmvH? 19;16)

3/ ol\ bk&m;obm0 (ol\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh zefqif;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufü awGY&onf/ u? 1-2)

]]urÇmtm;zefqif;onfh tcsdefrSpí}} 0dbwf apo ukd ,m,D t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;onf/ tvm;wl pum;pkrsdK;tm; rm? 10;6/ 13;19/ 2 ay? 3;4 wkdYü awGY&onf/ rjrif&aom bk&m;ocifukd ,cktcg -

1/ ½kyfurÇmtm; zefqif;jcif; (þusrf;ykd'f) jzifhjrif&onf/

2/ or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh (qm? 19/ 119) jrif&onf/

tqkH;pGefwGif a,½Iü (a,m? 14;9) jrif&onf/

]]bk&m;yuwd}} *&dpmayrS theiotēs ukd ]]bk&m;\ BuD;jrifhjcif; - majesty}} [lí bmomjyefqkdEkdifonf/ ¤if;ukd a,½Iü tBuD;jrifhqkH; jrifEkdifonf/ olonf bk&m;o@mefawmfukd twktESKdif;uif;pGm aqmif,lonf/ (2 aum? 4;4/ a[NAJ? 1;3)/ olonf vlom;ykHkyef;o@mefjzifh bk&m;ociftm; tjynfht0zGifhjyoljzpfonf/ (aum? 1;19/ 2;9)/ {0Ha*vdw&m;\ tHhcsD;bG,f&m or®mw&m;rSm tjypfxJusqif;cJhol vlom;onf c&pfawmftm; ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif;a0rQ &,lonf [laom tcsufjzpf\ (a[NAJ 12;10/ 1 a,m? 3;2)/ vlom;txJü

&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfukd (u? 1;26? 27) jyefvnf&,lcJhNyD;jzpfownf; (theios2 ay? 1;3-4)/

NASB ]]zefqif;onfht&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum &Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD}}

NKJV]]zefqif;onfht&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum &Sif;vif;pGm odjrif&\}}

NRSV]]zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfum odjrifcJh&NyD}}

TEV]]&Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD/ ¤if;wkdYukd bk&m;ocif\ zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh odjrif&onf}}

NJB ]]zefqif;awmfrlaomt&mrsm;ukd vlpdwftm;jzifh em;vnf&rIrS &Sif;vif;pGm odjrifcJh&NyD}} aygif;pyfxm;onfh noeŌ (r? 15;17) ESifh kathoraŌ wkdYonf ESpfckpvHk; tjyKcHBud,mppfrSefpGm odjrifonf[k qkdvkd&ma&mufonf/ bk&m;ocifonf usrf;ESpf usrf;a&;om;cJh&m (1) obm0w&m; (qm? 19;1-6) ESifh (2) or®musrf;pm (qm? 19;7-14) wkdY jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdYESpfrsdK;pvkH;rSm vlom;b0jzifh enf;vnfEkdifpGrf;aomt&mjzpfum wkHYjyefrIukdvnf; awmif;qkdonf/ (Wisdom 13:1-9)

]]xkdYaMumifh olwkdYü qifajcwufEkdifp&mtaMumif; r&Sdacs}} t"dyÜg,ftwdtusrSm ]]w&m;0if ckcHykdifcGifhr&Sdacs}} [lí jzpf\/ þ*&da0g[m& (apologeomai ü a xyfxnfhjcif;) ukd "r®opfusrf;ü þae&mESifh 2;1 ü omvQif okH;onf/ 1;18-3;20 \ "r®ynmt&&nf&G,fcsufrSm vlom;tm;vkH; 0dnmOfa&;ü aysmufqkH;aejcif;tm; jyo&efjzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ vlom;wdkif;ü rdrdwkdY &&Sdxm;onfh todynmay:rlwnfum wm0ef&SdMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;tm; rdrdwkdYodxm;onfht&m (0g) odEkdifonfht&m twGufüom wm0ef&Sdonf[k pGJukdifonf/ (4;15/ 5;13)/

1;21 ]]taMumif;rlum; olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifukd odonfrSefaomvnf;}} vlom;onf wjznf;jznf;csif; bk&m;w&m;ukdif;½SKdif;vmonfr[kwfyJ? wkd;íwkd;í qkd;npfvmMujcif;jzpfonf/ vlom;onf urÇmOD;usrf; 3 tcsdefumvrSpí awmifajc&if;okdY qif;aomvrf;ukd qufvuf vkdufvmcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ arSmifrkdufonf ykdíykdí arSmifrJvmaejcif;omjzpfonf/

]]olYukd bk&m;ociftjzpf *kPfjyKjcif;? aus;Zl;wifjcif;r&SdMubJ}} ti,f 23?24 ü azmfjyonfh omoemy½kyfwkqif;wk avmu\ 0rf;enf;p&m uHMur®mjzpfonf/ (a,? 2;9-13)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;url c&pfawmfuJhokdYtouf&Sifjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifukd ]]csD;ajr§muf*kPfjyK}} Muonf/ (r? 5;16/ a&m? 12;1-2/ 1 aum? 6;;20/ 10;31/ zd? 1;20/ 1 ay? 4;11) YHWH bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ trSwftom;ukd usqif;í rsufpduef;aom avmutm; xif[yfjyornfh vlwpfrsdK;tvkdawmf&Sdygonf/

]]rdrdwkdY\ rSeff;qrIrsm;tm;jzifh tcsnf;tESD;jzpfoGm;Muum? rdkufrJaom olwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf arSmifrkdufvsuf&Sd\}} Olaf M. Morlie \ ]]topfbmomjyefjcif; "r®opfusrf;}} ü ,ckvkdzwf&ykHrSm ]]xkdokdYjzpf&rnfhtpm; olwkdYonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; rdrdwkdY\ rkdufrJaom rSef;qrIrsm;txJ rdrdudkd,frdrd Asmrsm;vsuf&SdMuNyD;? rkdufrJaom rdrdwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf tarSmifxJü prf;w0g;0g;jzpfaeMu\}} [lí jzpfonf/ vlom;wkdY\ bmomw&m;rsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m ykefuefrIESifh rmefrmersm;twGuf armfuGef;ausmufwkdifrsm; jzpfonf/ (i,f 22/ aum? 2;16-23)

*&d"r®a[mif;usrf; LXX ü okH;onfh tcsnf;ESD; futile pum;vkH;onf tpöa&;\ tdrfeD;csif;rsm; ukd;uG,fonfh½kyfwkrsm;ESifh qkdifí ]]vain - tv[o}} ]]non-existentrwnf&Sdjcif;}} ukd &nfnTef;onf/ aygvkonf Septuagint (LXX) ukd oduRrf;aom a[NAJawG;ac:&Sifjzpfonf/ LXX ü okH;onfh *&dpum;vkH;rsm;onf "r®opfusrf; a&;om;jyKpkolrsm;twGuf *&dtbd"gefBuD;rsm;xuf ykdí aumif;aom vrf;nTefjzpfonf/ þBud,mESpfrsdK;pvkH;onf Aorist Passive Indicative ac:tjyKcHBud,m (PassiveVoice) rsm; jzpfonf// olwkdYü em;vnfrIaumif;pGm wkHYjyefrIjyKjcif; csdKUwJh&jcif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf olwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;rms;ukd zkH;uG,fay;íavm¿ okdYr[kwf tvif;ukd olwkdYjiif;qefrIonf olwkdYpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmapíavm¿ þtjyKcHBud,m pum;vkH;ESpfvkH;onf þar;cGef; jzpfay:aponf/ (10;12-16/ 4 "r®? 17;15/ a,? 2;5/ {zuf? 4;17-19)/ ¤if;onf xGufajrmuf&musrf;xJu zg½kdbk&ifESifh qkdifí tvm;wl "r®ynmqkdif&m ar;cGef;jzpfay:aponf/ bk&m;ocifonf olYpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmaponf zg½kdonf rdrdpdwfESvkH;ukd ckdifrmaponf xGuf? 4;21 xGuf? 8;15

8;32

9;34

9;35 ü ckdifrmapolrSm bk&m;ocif (0g) zg½kdESpfrsdK;pvkH;&nfnTef;Ekdifonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ zkH;uG,fxm;aom tcsKyftcsmtmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qE´jzpfonf/

- heart}} "r®a[mif;usrf;ü þa0g[m&ukd vl\ yk*¾dKvfwpfckvkH;tm; &nfnTef;tokH;jyKonf/ okdYaomf pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh pdwfcHpm;rIjzpfpOftm; &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ 1;24 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

1;22

NASB, NKJV]]ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k qkdMuaomfvnf; t½l;rsm;jzpfvmMuum}}

NRSV]]ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k tcdkiftrmqkdMuaomfvnf; t½l;rsm;jzpfvmMuum}}

TEV]]olwkdYukd,folwkdY ynm&Sdjzpfonf[k ajymMuaomfvnf; t½l;rsm;jzpfMuonf}}

NJB]]olwkdYukd,folwkdY awG;ac:&SifBuD;rsm;[k ac:avav ykdí rkdufrJMuavavjzpfMuonf}}

uRefawmfwkdY\ t*Fvdyfpum; ]]moron}} (toufukd vkdufí todnmPfwkd; rvmbJ? tlaMumifaMumifjzpfaeol) ukd *&dpum; ]]fffooll}} - t½l;rS&&Sdonf/ jyóemrSm vlom;\ rmeESifh rdrd\ todynmukd tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (1 aum? 1;18-31/ aum 2;8-23)/ ¤if;rSm urÇmOD;usrf;tcef;BuD; 3 u jyóemjzpfonf/ todynmonf oD;cGJxkwffcHjcif;ESifh w&m;pD&ifcHjcif; jzpfay:aponf/ vlom;\ todynmrSm tpOfrSm;,Gif;ír[kwfbJ ¤if;onf tqkH;pGefaom t&m r[kwfjcif;rQom jzpfonf/

1;23 bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;aom vlom;onf acgif;rmrmjzifh vpfvsL½SLonfhcg (u? 11;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6) bk&m;ocifukd atmufygwkdYuJhokdYaom avmuD½kyfwkrsm;jzpfoGm;aponf/

1/ wd&pämefrsm; (tD*spfEkdifiH)

2/ obm0pGrf;tm;rsm; (yg&Sm;^,ckacwftD&ef)

3/ vlom;ykHpH (*&d^a&mr) ½kyfwkrsm;? bk&m;ocif\ vlrsdkK;awmfukd,fwkdif þokdYjyKcJhMuonf/ (w&m;? 4;15-24)

a&S;acwfumvu þtjypfrsm;\ ,aeYacwfopfykHpHtcsdKYrSm

1/ obm0ywf0ef;usif0g'D (trdajrurÇm)

2/ ta&SUwkdif;\ acwfopf0g' (psmef0g'? 0dnmOf0g'ESifh arSmfynm)

3/ bk&m;rJhvlomy"ge0g'D? rm(cf)pf 0g'? t&mcyfodrf;jynfhpkHjcif; 0g' - utopianism? wkd;wufaeaom jynfhpkHjcif;0g' – progressive idealism ESifh EkdifiHa&; (0g) ynma&;ü tqkH;pGefaom ,HkMunfhrI&Sdjcif;

aq;0g;tm;ukd;0g' - holistic medicine (usef;rmjcif;ESifh touf&Snfjcif;)

ynma&;

3;23 \ txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

]]ysufpD;wwfaom vlom;}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /zsufqD;? ysufpD;? azgufjyef -Destroy, Ruin, Corrupt (PHTHEIRŌ)

þa0g[m& phtheirŌ \ tajccH t"dyÜg,frSm zsufqD; - destroy, ysufpD; - ruin, azgufjyef - corrupt or spoil jzpfonf/ atmufygtwkdif;okH;Ekdifonf/

1/ aiGaMu;qkdif&m azgufjyefysufpD;r (2 aum? 7;2 jzpfEkdifonf)

2/ ½kyfykdif;qkdif&m ysufpD;jcif; (1 aum? 3;17)

3/ ukd,fusifhw&m;ysufpD;jcif; (a&mr? 1;23/ 8;21/ 1 aum? 15;33? 42? 50/ *v? 6;8/ Asm? 19;2)

4/ vdifrIqkdif&m aoG;aqmifjcif; (2 aum? 11;13)

5/ xm0&ysufpD;jcif; (2 ay? 2;12?19)

6/ vlom;rsm;\ azgufjyefysufpD;aeaom rd½kd;zvm"avhxkH;pHrsm; (aum? 2;22/ 2 aum? 3;17)

þa0g[m&tm; qefYusifbufrsm;tm; y,fzsufjcif;tjzpf wpfae&mwnf;ü tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (a&mr? 1;23/ 1 aum? 9;25/ 15;50?53) uRefawmfwkdY\ ajrBuD;½kyfcE¨mESifh uRefawmfwkdY\ aumif;uifbkHqkdif&m xm0&cE¨mukd,fwkdY qefYusifbufjzpfaejcif;ü tvm;wl tokH;jyKykHukd rSwfom;yg/

ykyfysufEkdifaomt&mESifh rykyfysufEkdifaomt&m (1 aum? 15;42?50)

toa&rJhaomt&mESifh toa&jynfhpkHaomt&m (1 aum? 15;43)

tm;enf;jcif;ESifh tpGrf;wefckd; (1 aum? 15;43)

obm0ukd,fcE¨mESifh 0dnmOfcE¨m (1 aum? 15;44)

yxrtm'HESifh aemufqkH;tm'H (1 aum? 15;45)

ajrBuD;o@mefESifh aumif;uifbkHo@mef (1 aum? 15;49)

NASB(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;24-25 24olwkdYonf rdrdwkdYukd,fcE¨mukd rdrdwkdYtcsif;csif; ½SKwfcsMuap&ef tvkdYiSg? olwkdY\ pdwfESvkH;wyfrufjcif;ukd vkdufí bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm; rpifMu,fjcif;ü vTwfvkdufawmfrl\/

or®mw&m;ukd rkomESifhvJvkdufMuum? zefqif;olxuf zefqif;aom t&mrsm;ukd udk;uG,fum? tapcHMu\/ xkdt&Sifonf tNrJxm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;oljzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif/ 1;24?26?28 ]]bk&m;ocifonf olwkdYtm; ... vTwfvkdufawmfrl\}} ¤if;onf tpGrf;ukef qkd;0g;aom w&m;pD&ifrIjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifu ]]usqif;ol vlom;tm;

olYvrf;olavQmufaeygavap}} [k qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ (qmvH 81;12/ a[m 4;17/ w? 7;42) þ"r®ynmqkdif&m taMumif;t&mtwGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;ykd'ftawmfrsm;rsm; yg&Sdonf/ ti,f 23-32 onf omoemy avmutm; bk&m;ocifjiif;qef (,m,Dtrsufawmf) jcif;ESifh ¤if;\ tay:,H bmoma&;ukdif;½SKdif;rI (uRefawmfwkdYüyg) ukd a&;om;azmfjyonfh omoemy urÇm\ trSwfvu©PmrSm vdifrIa&;&m azmufjyefrIESifh ¤if;tm; tjrwfxkwfjcif;jzpfcJhNyD;? ,ckacwfüvnf; xkdenf;wljzpfygonf/ 1;24 ]]pdwfESvkH;rsm;}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mukd Munfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ESvkH; Septuagint (LXX) *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh "r®opfusrf;ü okH;aom? *&da0g[m&kardiaukd a[NAJa0g[m& leb (BDB523) \ t"dyÜg,fxif[yfay:vGifapaom pum;vkH;jzpfonf/ ¤if;ukd tokH;jyKykHtawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich ESifh Darker wkdY\ A Greek-English Lexicon, pp. 403-404)

1/ ½kyfcE¨mtouf\ A[kd? vlyk*¾dKvftm; wifpm;ac:a0:jcif;wpfrsdK; (w? 14;17/ 2 aum? 3;2-3/ ,mukyf 5;5)

2/ 0dnmOftouf\A[kd (Oyrm – udk,fusifhw&m;ESifhqdkifaom) (u) bk&m;ocifonf pdwfESvkH;ukd odonf/ (vk? 16;15/ a&m? 8;27/ 1 aum? 14;25/ 1 ouf? 2;4/ Asm? 2;13)

(c) vlom;\ 0dnmOfa&;&m toufESifhqkdifí okH;onf/ (r? 15;18-19/ 18;35/ a&m? 6;17/ 1 wd? 1;5/ 2 wd 2;22/ 1 ay? 1;22)/

3/ pOf;pm;jcif; toufwm\ A[kd (Oyrm - todOmPf/ r? 13;15/ 24;48/ w? 7;23/ 16;14/ 28;27/ a&m? 1;21/ 10;6/ 16;18/ 2 aum? 4;6/ {? 1;18/ 4;18/ ,m? 1;26/ 2 ay? 1;9/ Asm? 18;7/ 2 aum? 3;14-15 ESifh zd? 4;7 wkdYü ESvkH;onf pdwfESifh t"dyÜg,fwlonf/

4/ pdwfqE´^apwem\ A[kdXgejzpfonf (Oyrm - pdwftvkd? w? 5;4/ 11;23/ 1 aum? 4;5/ 7;37/ 2 aum? 9;7)

5/ pdwfvIyf&Sm;jcif;\ A[kdXge (r? 5;28/ w? 2;26? 37/ 7;54/ 21;13/ a&m? 1;24/ 2 aum? 2;4/ 7;3/ {? 6;22/ zd? 1;7)

6/ 0dnmOftvkyfvkyf&m (a&m? 5;5/ 2 aum? 1;22/ *v? 4;6/ (Oyrm - uRefawmfwkdY ESvkH;xJ c&pfawmf&Sdonf/ {? 3;17)

7/ ESvkH;onf vlyk*¾dKvfwpfckvkH;tm; &nfnTef;onfh wifpm;rI wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (r? 22;37/ w&m;? 6;5 ukd ,lonf)/ pOf;pm;jcif;? &nf&G,f&if;ESifh jyKrljcif;rsm;onf ESvkH;yif jzpfonf[laom oabm&SdNyD;? ¤if;onf vlwpfa,muftm; rnfuJhokdY yk*d¾KvfrsdK;jzpfaMumif; tjynfht0 azmfjyonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü xl;jcm;rSwfom; avmufaom a0g[m& tokH;tEIef;rsm; &Sdonf/

(u) urÇm? 6;6/ 8;21 ]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESvkH;ü emusifonf}} a[m? 11;8-9 üvnf; Munfhyg/

(c) w&m;? 4;19/ 6;5 ]]ESvkH;t<uif;rJh? 0dnmOf (soul) t<uif;rJh}}

(*) w&m;? 10;16 ]]ta&zsm;rvSD;aom ESvkH;}} a&mr? 2;29

(C) a,Z? 18;31-32 ]]ESvkH;topf}}

(i) a,Z? 36;26 ]]ESvkH;topf}} - ]]ausmufESvkH;}}

1;25 ]]bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;ukd rkomESifhvJMuonf}} ¤if;ukdenf;vrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh em;vnfEkdifonf/

1/ vlom;tm; bk&m;tjzpf ukd;uG,fjcif; (2 ouf? 2;4? 11)

2/ rdrdvkyfonfht&m - ½kyfwktm; ukd;uG,fjcif; (a[&Sm? 44;20/ a,Z? 13;25/ 16;19)/ t&mcyfodrf;tm; zefqif;ol YHWHtm; tpm;xkd; (18-23)

3/ {0Ha*vdESifhqkdifaom or®mw&m;tm; vlu tqkH;pGefjiif;qefjcif; (a,m? 14;17/ 1 a,m? 2;21?27)/ eHygwf 2 rSm toifhawmfqkH;jzpfonf/

]]ukd;uG,fí tapcHonf}} vlom;ü bk&m;rsm; tpOftjywf&Sdrnfom jzpfonf/ vlom;rSefvQif rdrdwkdY vufvSrf;rrSDaom wpkHwa,muf? or®mw&m;wpfckck (0g) t&mwpfckck&SdaMumif; cHpm;od&Sdonf/

]]tNrJxm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;oljzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif}} aygvkonf *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;jcif;wpfck jyif;xefpGm cHpm;ajymxGufvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm olYtaMumif; tvGefxif&Sm;aprIwpfck jzpfonf/ (a&m? 9;5/ 2 aum? 11;31)/ aygvkonf pma&;&if; qkawmif;avh&Sdonf/ (9;5/ 11;36/ 15;33/ 16;27) ]]tNrJxm0&}} atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tNrJxm0& (*&d tD'D,H) tjcm;*&dtD'D,H toHk;tEIef;wpfckrSm ]]acwftqufquf - unto the ages}} jzpfonf (vk? 1;33? a&m? 1;25/ 11;36? 16;27/ *vm? 1;5? 1 wd? 1;17)/ ¤if;onf a[NAJ olam udk xif[yfay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonyms of the Old Testament, pp. 319-321 ESifh "r®a[mif; txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]tNrJxm0& (‘Olam)}} wdkYudkMunfhyg/ tjcm;qufpyfrI&Sdaom pum;pkrsm;rSm ]]unto age - acwfumv}} (r? 21;19/ rm? 11;14/ vk? 1;55/ a,m? 6;58/ 8;35/ 12;34/ 13;8/ 14;16/ 2aum? 9;9)wGif ]]of the age of the ages}} - urÇmtqufqufrS urÇmtqufquf}} ({? 3;21)/ *&dtD'D,H

forever - tNrJxm0&}}ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;rI&SdyHk ray:acs/ trsm;jyudef; "ages" onf

]]trsm;udef;jyKíxl;jrwfapjcif; "the plural of majesty" ac: *sK;q&mBuD;rsm;toHk;jyKonfh wifpm;jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf *sK;vlrsKd;wdkY\½IjrifyHkt& acwfumv^uyfurÇm trsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ]]qdk;oGrf;jcif;uyfurÇm?}} ]]vmvwHhaomuyfurÇm}}

]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfurÇm}} wdkYudk ñTef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ]]tmrif}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tmrif (Amen)

"r®a[mif;usrf;

]]tmrif}}ac: a0g[m&rSm atmufyga[NAJpum;vHk;rsm;rS vmonf/

1/ ]]or®mw&m;}} (emeth, BDB49)

]]or®mw&m;usjcif;}} (emun, emunah, BDB53)

]],HkMunfjcif;(0g) opöm&Sdjcif;}}

]]udk;pm;onf}} (dmn, BDB52) c/ ¤if;\pum;vHk;rl&if;teufrSm vlwpfa,muf\ cE¨mudk,f&yfwnfrIckdifjrJjcif;jzpfonf/ qefYusifbufrSm rckdifNrJaom? acsmfvJaom[líjzpfayvdrfhrnf (w&m;? 28;64-67? 38;16? qmvH 40;2? 73;18? a,? 23;12) odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkufrdjcif; (qm? 73;2)/ þtoHk;tEIef;rS wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonfh opöm&Sdonf - faithful, tm;udk; ,HkMunf xkdufonf - trustworthy, opömapmifhonf - loyal ESifh dependable –rSDcdkxkdufonf pojzifh jzpfvmonf (u? 15;16? [A? 2;24)/

txl;toHk;tEIef;rsm;

- 4 "r®? 18;16 (1wd 3;15)

pdwfcsaocsmjcif; -

wnfNidrfjcif; -

ckdifNrJjcif; - a[&Sm?

rSefuef - 3"r®?

22;16/

NrJNrH - 2&m? 20;20/ a[&Sm? 7;9

rSDcdkxdkuf (ynwfusrf; - Torah) qmvH? 119;43? 142? 151? 168/

"r®a[mif;usrf;ü vIyf&Sm;rI&Sdaom ,HkMunfjcif;twGuf tjcm; a[NAJa0g[m& ESpfvHk;oHk;onf/

bathach (BDB105) tm;udk;

yra (BDB 431) aMumufonf? ½dkaoonf? udk;uG,fonf (u? 22;12)/

,HkMunftm;udk;onf (0g) tm;udk;xkdufonf[laom oabmrSonf wjcm;olwpfOD;\ az:jycsufrSefuefaMumif;? ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufaMumif; twnfjyK&eftoHk;jyKonfh bk&m;&Sdcdk;? qkawmif;pmtoHk;tEIef;jzpfvmonf (w&m;? 27;15-26? ae? 8;6? qmvH 41;13? 70;19? 89;52? 106;48)/

p/ þa0g[m&twGuf "r®ynmqdkif&maomhcsufrSm vlom;\opöm&SdrIudkaz:jyonf (xG? 34;6/ w&m;? 32;4/ qm? 108;4/ 115;1/ 117;2/ 138;2)/ usqif;aomvlom;\ wpfckwnf;aom arQmfvifh&mrSm y#dnmOfw&m;udk apmifhxdef;aom YHWH \ *½kPmESifhjynfh0aom opöm&SdrIESifh ol\uwdawmfrsm;jzpfonf ([A? 2;4)/ or®musrf;pm [lonf bk&m;ocifu rdrd\o@mefawmftm; (u? 1;26-27) vlom;txJüjyefvnf az:aqmifjcif;ordkif;ESifh rSwfwrf;jzpfonf/

2/ "r®opfusrf;/

u/ az:jyajymqdkcsufwpf&yf\ ,HkMunftm;udk;xdkufjcif;tm; twnfjyKjcif;jzpfonfh qkawmif; 0wfjyKjcif;qdkif&m tqHk;owfpum;tjzpf "r®opfusrf;ütoHk;jyKonf (1aum? 14;16? 2aum? 1;20? Asm? 1;7? 5;14? 7;12)/

c/ qkawmif;csufwpf&yftm; tqHk;owfjcif;a0g[m&tjzpf "r®opfusrf;üoHk;onf (a&m? 1;25? 9;5? 11;36? 16;27? *v? 1;5? 6;18? {? 3;21? zd? 4;20? 2ouf? 3;18? 1wd? 1;17? 6;16? 2wd 4;18)/

*/ t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom ajymqdkrIrsm;tpjyK&ef þa0g[m&udkoHk;olrSm (a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;ü ESpfcgxyfoHk;avh&Sdonf)/ a,½IomvQifjzpfonf (vk? 4;24? 12;37? 18;17? 29? 21;32? 23;43)/

C/ a,½I\bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;tjzpf Asm? 3;14ü oHk;onf (a[&Sm? 65;16 rS YHWH \bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;jzpfEkdifonf)/

i/ opöm&Sdjcif;(0g) ,HkMunfjcif;? ,HkMunftm;udk;jcif; (0g) tm;udk;jcif;oabmwdkYudk *&da0g[m& pistos (0g) pistis jzifh az:jyNyD;? t*FvdyfbmomodkY trusttm;udk;onf? faith - ,HkMunfudk;pm;onf? believe - ,HkMunfonf[lí bmomjyefqdkonf/ NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)usrf;/ / 1;26-2726þtaMumif;aMumifh bkk&m;ocifonf olwdkYtm; ,kwfnhHaom udavom wyfrufjcif;ü tyfapvkddufawmfrl\/ taMumif;rlum; olwdkY\ rdef;rrsm;onf obm0usifhxkH;udk obm0r[kwfaom usifhxkH;jzifh vJvS,fMuum 27a,musfm;rsm;onfvnf; rdef;rESifh obm0usifhxkH;udk pGefYvGwfvsuf a,musfm;om; tcsif;csif; udavom rufarmaom pdwfylavmifMuum? rzG,fr&maom tjyK tusifhrsm; vGefusL;Muojzifh rdrdwkdY\ rSm;,Gif;rI'Pfudk olwdkYukkkkkkd,fwdkif cHpm;Mu\/

1;26-27 vdifwl qufqHjcif;onf zefqif;jcif;ü bk&m;ocif\ &Sif;vif;ay:vGifaom tvdkawmf (yGg;rsm;Muavmh) rS aoGzDaom toufwm\ Oyrm wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tjypfwpfckjzpfNyD; ,Ofaus;rI xGef;um;jcif;\ t"du jyóem wpf&yfvnf;jzpfonf/

"r®a[mif;usrf;xJü (0wf?18;22/ 20;13/ w&m; 23;18)

*&d- a&mrurÇmü (1 aum 6;9/ 1wd 1;10)

uRefawmfwdkY\ acwfü

vdifwlqufqHjcif;taMumif;wpfckvHk;;onf urÇmOD;usrf; 1-3udk OD;wnfaeojzifh usqif;jcif;b0\ Oyrmwpfcktjzpf xnfhoGif;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ vlom;udk bk&m;ocif\ oP²mefawmfESifh tnDzefqif;onf/(u? 1;26-27/ 5;1?3/ 9;6)/vlom;udk a,mufsm;?rdef;r zefqif;onf/ (u? 1;27)/ bk&m;ocif\trdefYawmfrSm rsm;jym;í wdk;yGm;&efjzpfonf/ (u? 1;28/ 9;1?7)/ vlom;\usqif;jcif;onf (urÇmOD; 3) bk&m;ocif\tpDtpOfESifh tvdkawmfudk acszsufypfvdkufonf/ vdifwlqufqHjcif;onf ay:vGifaom azmufzsufrIwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf þusrf;ydk'füazmfjyonfrSm þtjypfwpfrsKd;wnf;omvQif r[kwfaMumif;udk vnf;odxm;&efjzpfonf (i,f? 29-31)/ tjypftm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;rS vlom;cGJxkwf cH&aMumif;ESifh olwdkYESifh xdkufwefaom jypf'Pfudk azmfjyonf/ tjypftm;vHk;? txl;ojzifh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfvmaom (tusi tjzpfpGJjrJaeaaom) tjypfudk bk&m;ocif &GH&Smrkef;wD;vSonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m;/ /vdifwlqufqHjcif;/ vdifwlqufqHjcif;tm; pdwfBudKufa&G;cs,fEdkifaom touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfrsKd; tjzpfvufcH&ef acwfopf,Ofaus;rI\ BuD;rm;aomzdtm;ay;jcif;&Sdaeygonf/ ¤if;onfrdrd\ zefqif;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfr[kwfaom? ysufpD;onfh touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHtjzpf or®musrf;pmu jypf'Pf pD&ifonf/

1/ ¤if;onf rsm;jym;íyGm;rsm;&ef urÇmOD; 1 &Sd trdefYawmftm;csKd;azmufonf/

2/ ¤if;onf omoemyudk;uG,frIESifh ,Ofaus;rI\ trSwftom;jzpfonf/ (0wf 18;22/ 20;13/ a&mr 1;26-27 ESifh,k'&)

3/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocifESifh vTwfuif;um rdrdudk,frdrd A[dkjyKjcif;tm; azmfjyonf (1aum 6;9-10)/ rnfodkYjzpfap ykefuefwwfaom vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf bk&m;ocif\arwÅmawmfESifh tjypfvTwf jcif;tm; þtaMumif;t&m tNyD;rowfrD? Mum;nSyfazmfjyyg&ap/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;onf tjypfjyKolrsm;omvQifjzpfaMumif;tm;axmuf&Ivsuf? c&pf,mefrsm;onf þtjypfusL;vGefolrsm;tm; rkef;wD;&efESifh olwkdYtay: rmeaxmifvTm;jcif;jyKydkifcGifhr&Sdacs/ þtjypftm; tjyif;txef½Iwfcsjcif;xuf qkawmif;jcif;? pdk;&drfaMumifhusrI&Sdjcif;? oufaocHjcif;ESifh u½kPmoufjcif;wdkYonf ydktusKdk;jzpfxGef;aponf/ EIwfuywfawmfESifh 0dnmOfawmftwGuf vrf;zGifhay;ygu? jypfwif½Iwfcsjcif;u@tm; jyKvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ þtjypfwpfrsKd;wnf;omvQifr[kwfbJ? vdifrIqdkif&mjypfrIwdkif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf

&GH&SmzG,f&m jzpfojzifh w&m;pD&ifrIcH&ygonf/ vdifpdwf[lonf vlom;rsm;\ aumif;usKd;? 0rf;ajrmufrIESifh wnfjidrfaom vlYtzJGUtpnf;jzpfap&ef bk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmifrGef jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocifay;onfh tpGrf;xufaom þESifwHonf ykefuefjcif;? twÅqefjcif;? taysmftyg;vdkufjcif;? ]]b,favmufyJay;&ay;& ightwGufomvQif trsm;qkH;}} [kqdkum touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtjzpfodkY ajymif;vJoGm;avh&Sdonf (a&m 8;1-8/ *v 6;7-8)/

NASB(aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 1;28-32 28 bk&m;ociftm;qufvuf 0efcHodrSwfoifhonf[k olwdkY rodjrifMuawmhonfESifhtnD? bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYtm;? roifhavsmfaom xdkt&mrsm;jyK&ef ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aom pdwfxJvTwfvdkuf awmfrlojzifh 29rajzmifhrwfjcif;rsKd;pHk? qdk;oGrf;jcif;? avmbBuD;jcif;? qdk;,kwfjcif;? remvdkrIESifh jynfhpHkjcif;? vlYtoufudkowfjcif;? cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;;jcif;? vSnfhpmjcif;? jiLpljcif;? twif;tzsif;ajymjcif; 30olwyg;taMumif; rrSefowif;ajymolrsm;? bk&m;ocifudkrkef;wD;olrsm;? rxDav;pm;jyKolrsm;? rme axmifvTm;olrsm;? 0g<um;olrsm;? qdk;oGrf;rIzefwD;olrsm;? rdbrsm;tm; remcHolrsm;? 31odem;vnfwwf jcif;r&Sdolrsm;? ,HkMunftm;udk;ír&olrsm;? rcspfwwfaomolrsm;? aus;Zl;*½kPmuif;olrsm;jzpfMu\/ 32xdkodkYaomt&mrsm;jyKusifholonf aojcif;cHxdkufolrsm; jzpfonf[laom bk&m;ocif\pD&ifawmfrl csufudk odMuaomfvnf; rddrdwkdYudk,fwdkif xdkenf;wl jyKMu½Hkomru? xdkt&mwdkYudk usifholrsm;tm; wuf<upGm axmufcHMuayao;onf/

1;28-31 þtydk'frSm *&dusrf;ü 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf vlom;rsm;rSm ykefuefaom usqif;aom? vGwfvyfaomolrsm; jzpfaMumif;jyonf (a&m 13;13/ 1aum 5;11/ 6;9/ *v 5;19-21/ {? 5;5/ 1wd 1;10/ Asm 21;8)/ vlom;\ tjypfrSm bk&m;ocifrygbJ &Sdae&ef a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ i&JrD;tdkifqdkonfrSm xdkodkYaomwnf&SdrItm; xm0&jzpfaponf/ vGwfvyfrI[lonf tqdk;jzifhtqkH;owfaom t&mjzpfonf/ vlü bk&m;ocifvkdtyfonf/ vlonf bk&m;ocifrygvQif aysmufqkH;aeol oifavsmfvkHavmufjcif;r&Sdol? pkHvifjcif;r&Sdoljzpfonf/ xm0&i&JrD;tdkif\ tqdk;0g;qkH;aom t&mrSm bk&m;ocifESifh qufpyfrIr&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf/ 1;29 ]],kd,Gif;ysufpD;apaompdwf}} usqif;aomvlom;jrif&onfh vGwfvyfjcif;rSm rdrdudk,frdrfd udk;uG,fjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]]wpHkw&mESifh t&mcyfodrf; ightwGufomvQif}} qdkonfh pdwf"gwfjzpfonf/ þtjyKcH Bud,m\ uHyk'frSm 1;24? 26? 28 wdkYü azmfjyonfhtwdkif; bk&m;ocif jzpfaomfvnf; þusrf;ydk'fESifh urÇmOD; 1-3 wdkY\ qufpyfrSt&? jyóem jzpfyGm;apaom w&m;cHvufonfrSm vlom;u todynmESifh twÅtm; a&G;cs,frI omvQifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;aom owÅ0grsm;tm; rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkifa&G;cs,frIESifh rdrdwdkY\ pdwfBudKuf vGwfvyfrIaMumifh jzpfvmaom tusdK;qufudk udk,fwdkif cHpm;aponf/

]]ESifh jynfhpHkonf}}/ þpum;pkrSmvnf; tjyKcHBud,m Perfect Passive Participle jzihf zGJYpnf;jcif; jzpfonf/ ]]ESifhjynfhpHkapjcif;cH&onf}} [lí jzpf\/ vlom;wdkYü rdrd t&Snf MumqHk;awG;aomt&m tjynfh&SdNyD;? ¤if;t&mudkyif ay:vGifxif&Sm;apMuonf/ *sL;bmomq&mBuD;rsm;u vlom;wdkif;\ ESvHk;xJü acG;rJwpfaumif (tqdk; yetzer) ESihf acG;jzLwpfaumif (taumif; yetzer) &Sdonf/ trsm;qHk; tpmauR;jcif;cH&aom taumifonf tBuD;qHk;jzpfvmonf[k qdkMuonf/ 1;29-31 ¤if;wdkYrSm bk&m;ocifrygaom b0toufwm\ &vm'frsm;ESfh vu©Pmrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;or®musrf;pmxJu azmfjyaom bk&m;ociftm; jiif;qefbdkYol vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;wdkYü xif&Sm;onf/ ¤if;rSm aygvkjyKpkonfh tjypfpm&if;rsm;teuf wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf/ (1aum? 5;11/ 6;9/ 2 aum? 12;20/ *v? 5;19-21/ {? 4;31/ 5;34/ aum? 3;5-9)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /"r®opfusrf;xJuyg&Sdaom qdk;npfjcif;rsm;ESifh aumif;jrwfjcif;rsm; "r®opfusrf;ü qdk;npf,kwfrmrIrsm;ESifh tusifhoDvaumif;jrwfrI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;yg&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf ynwfawmfESifh *&d,Ofaus;rI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;tm; xif[yfay:vGifaponf/

qdk;npfrIrsm; aumif;jrwfrIrsm;

1/ aygvk a&m? 1;28-32 ---

a&m? 13;13

a&m? 12;9-21

1 aum? 5;9-11 ---

1 aum? 6;10

1 aum? 6;6-9

2 aum? 6;4-10 *v? 5;19-21 *v? 5;22-23

2 aum? 12;20

{? 4;25-32 ---

{? 5;3-5 ----- zd? 4;8-9 aum? 4;5?8 aum? 3;12-14

1 wd? 1;9-10 ---

1 wd? 6;4-5 --2 wd? 2;22?23

2 wd? 2;22?24 wd? 1;7? 3;3 wd? 1;8-9/ 3;1-2

2/ ,mukyf ,m? 3;15-16 ,m? 3;17-18

3/ ayw½k 1 ay? 4;3

1 ay? 4;7-11

2 ay? 1;9 2 ay? 1;5-8

4/ a,m[ef Asm? 21;8/ 22;15 ---

1;30 ]]rmeaxmifvTm;}} ¤if;rSm *&dpum;vHk; huperēphanous jzpfonf/ (atmufwGif Munfhyg) txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]HUPER}} aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk tajccHtm;jzihf ]]tay:-over}} (odkY) ]]txuf- upper}} [lí t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom *&d0dbwf huper udk toHk;jyKum pum;vHk;opfrsm; xGifjcif;udk aygvk txl;0goemxHkonf/ ydkifqdkifrI oabmtwGuf okH;onffhtcg ]]bufü}} "in behalf of" [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ]]taMumif;;}} (0g) ]]ESifhqdkifí}} [lí vnf; t"dyÜg,f&SdEdkifonf/ (peri pum;vkH;uJhodkY/ 2aum 8;23/ 2ouf 2;1)/ jyKvkyfjcif;cHoltjzpf (ACCUSSATIVE) okH;onfhtcg]]txufü above, over" (odkY) ]] wbufurf;ü^ tvGefü above, beyond [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (A.T. Robertson \ A Grammar of the Greek Neew Tesstament in the Light of Historical Research, pp. 625-633.) aygvkonf t,ltqwpf&yftm; tav;teufjyKvdkonfhtcg þ0dbufudk aygif;pyfpum;vkH; tjzpf (compound) okH;avh&Sdonf/ atmufygpm&if;rSm þ0dbuftm; aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm;tjzpf aygvktxl;wvnf tokH;jyKykHjzpfonf/

1;21/ 4;10 ESifh a[jAJ? 9;5

2/ HuperechŌ, xl;jrwfaom? tm;vkH;xufykdí MuD;jrifhaom? a&m? 13;1/ zd? 2;3/ 3;8/ 4;7/ 1ay? 2;13

3/ Huperēphanos [efaqmifjciff; (0g) armufrmjcif;/ a&m? 1;30/ 2wd? 3;2 ESifh vk 1;51/ ,m 4;6/ 1ay? 5;5 aygvkonf tvGefvdIufvdIufvSJvSJ&Sdwwfolwpfa,mufjzpffonff/ t&m0w¬Krsm; (0g) vlrsm;onff aumif;onfffhtcg tvGeffaumif;MujyD;? qdk;onfhtcgüvnf; tvGefqdk;oGm;Muonf/ tjypf? twÅ? c&pfawmfESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;rsm;taMumif; rdrd\tjrifhrm;qkH;aom pdwfwGif; cHpm;rIrsm;udk þ0dbwfwJGrsm;onf aygvktm; azmfjyEdkifpGrf;&Sdaponf/ 1;32 ]]xdkodkYaom t&mrsm; jyKusifholonf aojcif;cHxkdufolrsm;jzpfonf/}} þazmfjyjcif;onf arma&S\ ynwfw&m;udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ ¤if;udk a&m 6;16? 21?23/ 8;6? 13 wkdYü tusOf;csKH;azmfjyonf/ aojcif;w&m;onf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf? bk&m;ocif\ toufwdkUESifhqefYusifaom t&mjzpfonf/ (aZ, 18;32/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;6)

]]xkdt&mwdkYudk usifholrsm;tm; wuf<upGm axmufcHMuayao;onf/}} MuD;rm;aom qif;&J'ku©onff taygif;tazmfudk ESpfoufaponf/ usqif;aom vlom;onf tjcm;olrsm;\ tjypfrsm;udk rdrdukd,f rdrdcGifhvTwf&ef taMumif;jycsuftjzpf tokH;jyKum ]]vlwdkif;

vkyfaewmyJav}} [kqdkwwfMuonf/ xkH;wrf;"avhrsm;onf olwdkY\ oD;jcm;;tjypfrsm;udk xi&Sm;aponf/ aqG;aEG&efar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkU teufzGifh&aMumif; vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif;jzpfonff/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fydkifteufzGifh&mü rdrd\ wm0efjzpfonff[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&aayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm; tay:üom ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/

aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;\þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm; tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&efyhHydk;zdkUjzpfonf tjynfhtpkH r[kwfbJ pOff;pm; qifjcifrItm; EdI;qGay;jcif;omvQif jzpfygonf/

1/ aygvkonf a&mrtoif;awmftm; tb,fhaMumifh pma&;oenf;/

2/ c&pf,meftaMumif;azmfjy&mü a&mrMo0g'pmonf "r®ynmt&tb,faMumifh þrQ ta&;yg oenf;/

3/ 1;18rS 3;20 udk rdrdudk,fydkifpum;jzifh tusOf;csKH;yg/

4/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rMum;cJhbl; olrsm;onf c&pfawmfudk udk;pm;jcif;rjyKrlaMumifh jiif;qefjcif; cHMuOD;rnfvm;/

5/]]obm0tm;jzifh zGiffhjyjcif;}} ESifh ]]txl;zGifhjyjcif;}} wdkU\ uJGjym;jcm;em;rIwdkUudk &Sif;jyyg/

6/ bk&m;ocifrygaom vlUb0taMumif;&Sif;vif;a&;om;azmfjyyg/

7/ ti,f 24-27ü vdifwlqufqHjcif;taMumif;ajymygovm;/

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;

UBS4 NKJV NRSV

TEV NJB bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf w&m;pD&if bk&m;ocif\ *sL;wdkUonf bk&m; aom w&m;pD&ifrI aomw&m;pD&ifrI cHaom*sL;rsm; w&m;pD&ifrI ocif\jypf'PfESifhrvGwf 2;1-16 2;1-16 2;1-11 2;1-16 2;1-11 *sL;rsm;ESifhynwfawmf *sL;wdkUonf wyg; w&m;pD&ifrI *sL;rsm;ESifh ynwfawmfonf trsKd;rsm;enf;wltjypf½Sd \tajccH ynwfawmf olwdkUudku,frnf (2;17-3;8) r[kwf

2;12-16

2;12-16 2;17-3;8 2;17-24 2;17-24 2;17-24 2;17-24

tusKd;r½Sdaomta&zsm; vSD;jcif; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; onfolwdkUudk u,frnfr[kwf 2;25-29 2;25-29 2;25-29 2;25-29 ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; tausmhoHk;(pm xi ½I) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif; ¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm; &efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf; tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\ taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmydk'f

wwd, pmydk'f

... pojzifh

a&mr 2;1 - 3;20 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ tcef;BuD; 2 ESifh 3 onf 1;18 ü tpjyKaom pmpku tqHk;owfjynfhpHkaponf/ þtydkif;ü atmufyg taMumif;t&mwdkUudk azmfjyonf/

1/ vlom;wpf&yfvHk; vrf;aysmufolrsm;jzpfaMumif;

2/ tjypftay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrI

3/ wpfOD;csif;\,HkMunfrIESifh tjypfrSaemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh vlom;ü c&pfawmftm;jzifh&½Sdaom bk&m;o cif\ajzmifhrwfrIvdktyfjcif;

c/ tcef;BuD; 2 ü bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrIESifhqdkifaom ed,rckepfck½Sdonf

1/ or®mw&m;ESifhtnD ti,f 2

2/ tjypftm; pkaqmif;odk rSD;xm;jcif; - ti,f 5

3/ tusifhudkvdkufí w&m;pD&ifjcif; - i,f 6 ESifh 7

4/ vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh rsufESmvdkufjcif;r½Sd - i,f 11

5/ touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH - ti,f 13

6/ vlUESvHk;om;xJ½Sd rxif½Sm;aomvQKdU0Sufcsufrsm; - i,f 16

7/ vlrsKd;tvdkuf txl;oD;oefU[lír½Sd - ti,f 17-29

*/ tcef;BuD; 2;1-17onf rnfolUtm;&nfnTef;aMumif; teufzGifhusrf;jyKpkolrsm;ü aqG;aEG;rIrsm;pGm ½Sdonf/ 2;12-29 onf *sL;rsm;tm;nTef;qdkaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/ ti,f 1-17 onf omoemyvl (*sL;r[kwf olrsm;)udk,fusihfw&m;orm;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\vlrIusifhxHk;qdkif&m pHrsm;enf;wl*sL;trsKd;om;rsm; (arma½S\ ynwådusrf;)udkvnf; &nfnTef;onf/

C/ 1;18-21ü aygvkonf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk oduRrf;Ekdifonf[k tcdkiftrmajymonf/ vltm;vHk;ü bk&m;ocifay;aom twGif;pdwftm;jzifh udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m tqdk; taumif; cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaompdwf½Sdonf[k 2;14-15üvnf; aygvktckdiftrmajymonf/ þt&mESpfck jzpfonfh zefqif;aomt&mrsm;ESifh tqkd;taumif; ydkif;jcm;wwfaompdwfonf "r®a[mif;usrf;(0g) {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rsm; rMum;od&olrsm;yifjzpfap? vlom;wdkif;tm; bk&m;ocifjypf'PfpD&ifjcif; twGuf tajccHrsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrdtaumif;qHk;&½Sdaom tvif;w&m;ESifhtnD toufr½Sif Mujcif;tay: wm0efudk,fpD½SdMuayonf/

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom )bmomjyefusrf;/ 2;1-11 1oifwdkUonf olwyg;tm; ppfaMumpD&ifonfhtwdkif; oifwdkUudk,fwdkifjyKonfjzpfí? olwyg;udk ppfaMumpD&ifonfhtwdkif;yif rdrdudk,frdrd jypf'PfpD&if&ma&muf\/ 2xdkodkUjyKaom olwdkUtay: bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif; rSefuefpGmusa&mufonfudk igwdkUod&Mu\/ 3xdkodkUaomtrI wdkYudk jyKaomolwdkUtm; ppfaMumpD&ifaom t dk? toifvlom;onf olwdkUe nf;wl jyKusifhonfwGif bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrl jcif;ESifhvTwfrnf[k xifrSwfoavm/ 4odkUr[kwf bk&m;ocif\ oem;awmfrljcif;onf oifhtm; aemifw&apjci f;iSg? vrf;jyaeonfudkrod½SdbJ? <u,f0aom oem; awmfrljcif;ESifhonf;cH? pdwf½Snfawmfrlj cif;udk ayghayghwefwef rSwf,loavm/ 5odkUaomf oif\

acgif;rmjcif;ESifh aemifwr&aompdwfESvHk;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESihf ajzmifhrwfaom w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif; xif½Sm;aomaeU twGuf trsufawmfudk odkrSD;aejcif;jzpfonf/ 6bk&m;ocif onf vlwdkif;tm; rdrdwdkU\vkyfaqmifrIESi fhtnD tusKd;tjypfay;awmfrlvdrfh rnf/ 7bkef;toa&ESifh razgufjyef rysufpD;jcif;udk½Smum? aumif;aomt&mudk pGJNrJpGmvkyfaqmifolwdkUtm; xm0&touf udkay;awmfrlvwHh/ 8odkUaomf tvdkqE´jyif;xefí or®mw&m;udkremcHbJ rw&m;aomt&mudk emcH olwdkYonf a'goESifhtrsufawmfcH&vdrfhrnf/ 9raumif;rIudkjyKaomolwdkif;onf yxrOD;pGm *sL; vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rs m;yg qif;&J'ku©ESifha0'emcHpm;Muvdrfhrnf/ 10odkUaomf aumif;aom t&mjyKvkyfolrsm;tm; yxrOD;pGm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;ES ifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;yg bkef;toa&ESifhNidrf oufjcif; cHpm;MuvwåHU/ 11taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufawmfrrl/

2;1

NASB ]]olwyg;udk ppfaMumpD&ifwwfol? oifonf qi fjcifay;p&mtaMumif; r½SdEdkif&m/}}

NKJV ]]ppfaMumpD&ifol toifvlom;? oifhtm; cGifhvTwfp&mtaMumif; r½SdEdkif&m/}}

NRSV ]]olwyg;tm; ppfaMumpD&ifolrnfolrqdk qi fjcifay;p&mtaMumif; r½SdEdkif&m/}}

TEV ]]oifonf olwyg;tm;ppfaMumojzifh oifrnfoljz pfap cGifhvTwfp&mtaMumif; vHk;0r½SdEdkif&m/}}

NJB ]]oif rnfoljzpfap? ppfaMumpD&ifygu qifjcifay;p&mtaMumif;r½Sd/}}

]]w&m;0ifckcHumuG,f ydkifcGifhr½Sd}}[líjzpfonf (1;20)/ ¤if;\qdkvdk&if;tm; txl;jyKonfhtaejzifh rl&if; *&d0gusü ¤if;udk a½SUüxm;½Sdonf/ ti,f 1-16 onf olwdkUudk,folwdkU ajzmifhrwfolrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lol *sL; vlrsKd; ynwfw&m;orm;rsm;ESifh usifh0wfodu©morm;jzpfol *&dvlrsKd; (*sL;r[kwfolrsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf) ESpfrsKd;pvHk;ESihf oufqdkifae[ef½Sdonf/ tjcm;olrsm;tay: ppfaMumpD&ifrIjyKjcif;jzifh olwdkUudk,folwdkU jypf'Pf pD&ifMuonf/ þpum;pkudkyif 1;20 üoHk;aomfvnf; emrfpm;jzpfonfh ]]olwdkY}}onf þae&m]]oifwdkU}}jzpfaeonf/ aygvkonf tjypfom;^qefUusifykefuefolrsm; trsKd;rsKd;tm; &nfnTef;ajymqdkaMumif; odomonf/ xdktrsKd; tpm;rsm;teufwpfrsKd;ü oludk,fwdkifonf wpfcsdefuyg0ifcJhonf/ þae&mü jyóemESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/ 1/ bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;jcif;udk jiif;qefjcif;ESifh uajymifujyefjyKjcif; 2/ ¤if;udkyif pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; ozG,fjzpfoGm;apum? ppfaMumpD&ifrIjyKjcif;ESifh rdrdudk,frdrd ajzmifhrwf oltjzpf ,lq&eftaMumif; jzpfoGm;apjcif;wdkUjzpfonf/ xdkUjyif tcef;BuD;wpfu ]]olwdkU}}onf 12;1-8ü ]]oifwdkU}} jzpfvmaMumif;udkvnf; odrSwfyg/ *sL;vlrsKd; ESifh*&dvlrsKd;rSonf 2;9-11 ü ]]vlom;wdkif;}}[lí wpfurÇmvHk;tm; vTrf;jcHKvmonf/ uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtkyfpk rsm;(ESpfrsKd; odkUr[kwf oHk;rsKd;)½Sdaomfvnf; tqHk;üuGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;r½SdyJ? tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf w&m;pD&if jcif;cHMuonfomjzpf\/ (3;23)

2;2 ]]igwdkUod&Mu\/}} þemrfpm;onf aygvk\trsKd;om;csif;*sL;rsm;udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifaomfvnf; c&pf,mefrsm;udk qdkvdkjcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ tcef;i,f 2-4 ü aygvkonf olvkyfaeustwdkif;? tar;tajz wpfpHk jyefíxkwfjyonf/ ¤if;udk jypfwifa0zefaompm (Oyrm? ti,f 1-11/ 17-19)[kac:NyD;? jiif;cHkolwpf OD;ar;cGef;xkwfvkdufjcif;yHkpHjzifh or®mw&m;wpf&yftm; wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;yHkpHudk [AÁuúK? rmvcdESifh *sL;&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;enf;wl *&dawG;ac:½Sifrsm; (Socrates (qdkua&;wD;) ESifh Stoics *dkPf;om;rsm;) vnf; toHk;jyKMuonf/

]]igwdkUod&Mu\}}[laompum;pkudk a&mrMo0g'pmü tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (2;2/ 3;19/ 7;14/ 8;;22?

28/) tcef;BuD;wpfxJu udk,fusihfw&m;ysufjym;aom omoemyvlrsm;uJhodkUr[kwfbJ? ol\w&m;emy&dowf wdkUonf twdkif;twmwpfcktxd od½Sdxm;Muonf[k aygvkrSwf,lxm;onf/

]]þtaMumif;t&mudk or®musrf;pmü ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/}} bk&m;ocifonf tcrJhqkvufaqmif tjzpf ay;aomtouftwGuf vlom;wdkif;onf bk&m;ocifxHawmfü tusKd;taMumif; ½Sif;vif;csufay;Mu& rnfjzpfonf/ (i,f? 5-9/ róJ? 25;31-46/ Asm? 20;11-15)/ c&pf,mefrsm;yifvQif c&pfawmfa½SUarSmufü &yfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (14;10-12/ 2aum? 5;10)/

2;3 w&m;a[majymjcif; twwfynmqdkif&m aygvkxkwfaomar;cGef;\o'´goabmonf]]r[kwf}}[laomtajz udkarQmfvihfonf/



]]xifrSwfoavm}}¤if;onf *&dBud,m logizomai jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk aygvkrMumcPoHk;onf/ (a&mr? 2;3-26/ 3;28/ 4;3?4?5?6?8?9?10?11?22?23?24/ 6;11/ 8;18?36/ 9;8/ 14;14/ *vm 3;6/ 1ESifh2 aum&dEÅK wdkUü tBudrfwpfq,fESifh zdvdyÜdü ESpfBudrf)/ 4;3 ESifh 8;18yg rSwfcsufrsm;üvnf;Munfhyg/

 ]]tdk? toifvlom;} }¤if;onf ti,fwpfu tD'D,HtoHk;tEIef;ESifhwpfoabmwnf;jzpfonf/ 9;20ü ¤if; onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;ukdnTef;onf/

2;4 üvnf; ¤if;onf *&drl&if;wGif ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfonf/



NASB NKJV, NRSV ]]ayghayghwefwef rSwf,loavm}}

TEV, REB ]]txifao;oavm}}

NJB ]]r½dkraojyKvsuf}} NIV ]]txifao;rIjyo}}

NET ]]jcif;aMumifh txifao;}}

t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;udk EdIif;,SOfMunfhonfhtcg bmomjyefq&mrsm;onf ta½SYtv,fydkif;bmom pum;Bud,myHkpHrsKd; cHpm;rI&½SdMuonfudkawGU&onf/ ¤if;onf jyif;xefaomjiif;qefvdkjcif; a0g[m&wpfckjzpf onf/ ¤if;toHk;jyKyHktm; atmufygwdkUüMunfhyg/

a,½Iajymaompum;rsm; - róJ? 6;24/ 18;10

aygvk-1aum? 11;22/ 1wd? 4;12/ 6;2

a[NAJvlrsKd;rsm;-(a,½Itm;) 12;2

ayw½k-2ay? 2;10

wrefawmf-13;41 uemrfpum;vHk;

]]<u,f0aomoem;awmfrljcif;ESifhonf;cH? pdwf½Snfawmfrljcif;}} vlom;wdkUonf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl; awmf? *½kPmawmfESifh onf;cHawmfrljcif;wdkUudk rMumcPyif em;vnfrIvTJrSm;oGm;Muum? rdrdtjypfudk aemifw &&rnfhtpm;? tjypfjyK&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfoGm;apMuonf/ (2ay? 3;9) aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\*kPft*Fgtm;azmfjy&mü]]<u,f0awmfrljcif;}}[lí ajymavh½Sdonf/(9;23/ 11;33/ aum? 1;27/ {zuf? 1;7?18/ 2;4?7/ 3;8?16/ zdvdydÜ? 4;19)/

]]onf;cHjcif;}}[laomemrfpum;vHk; "r®opfü ESpfBudrfomvQifyg½Sd&m ESpfBudrfpvHk; aygvka&;aom þpm xJüjzpfonf/ þae&m (1;18-3;31)ESifh 3;26 üjzpfNyD; ESpfckpvHk;onf tjypfom;rsm;tay: bk&m;ocif\ onf;cHawmfrljcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/



]]oifhtm; aemifw&apjcif;iSg? vrf;jyaeonfudk}} bk&m;ocifESifh ,HkMunfjcif;y#dnmOftm;jzifh awmfpyfrI &½Sd&ef tjypftm;aemifw&jcif;onf tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ (róJ? 3;2/ 4;17/ rmuk? 1;15/ 6;12/ vkum? 13;3?5/ wrefawmf? 2;38/ 3;16?19/ 20;21) þa0g[m&onf a[NAJbmompum;ü tjyKtrl ajymif;vJjcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/ aemifw&jcif;qdkonfrSm twåudkA[dkjyKaomjzpfwnfrIrS bk&m;ocif\ pum;ajymjcif;ESifh nTefMum;rIcH&aomb0toufwmodkU ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;twGuf twåudkOD;pm; ay;jcif;ESifh ¤if;\csKyfaESmifcH&rIrS jyefvSnfhvmjcif;vdktyfonf/ tajccHtm;jzifh ¤if;onf topfaomociftm; &½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ aemifw&jcif;onf tm'H\usqif;aomom;orD;wdkif; o@efawmfESifhnDap&ef bk&m;ocif \tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ (a,Z? 18;21?23?32 ESifh 2ay? 3;9)/

aemifw&jcif;twGuf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom*&da0g[m&rsm;tm; taumif;qHk;ay:vGifapaom "r®opfusrf; ydk'frSm 2aum? 7;8-11 jzpfonf/

1/ lupeŌ]]pdwfemonf}}(0g)]]0rf;enf;onf}}/ ti,f 8 ü(ESpfBudrf) 9ü (oHk;Budrf) 10 ü (ESpfBudrf)? 11

2/ metamelomai]]rSm;aMumif;od½Sdonf}}(0g)]]tcsdefaESmif;rS *½kpdkufonf}}(after care)i,f 8 (ESpfcg)? 9

3/ metanoia]]aemifw}}(0g)]]tcsdefaESmif;rS pdwfxJxnfhonf}}(after mind) i,f 9? 10 qefUusifbufrSm rSm;,Gif;aomaemifw(metamelomai)jzpfonf/ (,k'-róJ?27;3ESifh{aom a[NAJ? 12;16-17)/ ¤if;ESifh qefUusifbufrSm ppfrSefonfhaemifw (metanoeŌ)jzpfonf/ ppfrSefaom aemifw\"r®oabmrSm -

y#dnOfw&m;opftaMumif; a,½I\a[majymrI (róJ? 4;17/ rmuk? 1;15/ vkum? 13;3?5)

2/ wrefawmfrsm; wref0w¬Kü a[mMum;rIrsm;(wrefawmf? 3;16?19/ 20;21)

3/ bk&m;ocif\ tjrifhrm;qHk;aus;Zl; (wrefawmf? 5;31/ 11;18 ESifh 2wd? 2;25) 4/ ysufpD;aejcif; (2ay? 3;9) aemifw&&efqdkonfrSm pdwfBudKufa½G;cs,fí&aom t&mr[kwf!

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /aemifw&jcif; aemifw&jcif;(,HkMunfjcif;ESifhtwl)onf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;twGuf vdktyfaomy#dnOfw&m; jzpfonf/ (Nacham,BDB 636? Oyrm 13;12/ 32;12?14/ Shuv, BDB 996/ Oyrm 3"r®? 8;47/ a,Z? 14;6/ 18;30)ESifh y#dnOfw&m;opf/

1/ AdwådZHq&ma,m[ef (róJ? 3;2/ rmuk? 1;4/ vkum? 3;3?8)

2/ a,½I (róJ? 4;17/ rmuk? 1;15/ vkum? 5;32/ 13;3?5/ 15;7/ 17;3)

3/ ayw½k (wrefawmf? 2;38/ 3;19/ 8;22/ 11;18/ 2ay? 3;9)

4/ aygvk (wrefawmf? 13;24/ 17;30/ 20;21/ 26;20/ a&mr? 2;4/ 2aum? 2;9-10)

odkUaomf aemifw&onfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;? ¤if;rSm 0rf;enf;jcif;avm? tjypfvkyfjcif;rS &yfwHhjcif; avm/ t,ltquGJjym;jcm;em;aom þt"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm;taMumif; em;vnfoabmayguf&ef taumif;qHk;"r® opfusrf;ydk'frSm 2aum&dEÅK? 7;8-11 jzpfonf/ ¤if;ü qufpyfaomfvnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom *&da0g[m&oHk;ck oHk;xm;onf/

1/ ]]0rf;enf;onf}} (lupē i,f 8(ESpfcg)? 9(oHk;cg)? 10(ESpfcg)?11)/ 0rf;enf;onf (0g) aomua&muf onf[k t"dyÜg,f½SdNyD; "r®oabmt& Mum;aeaomt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/

2/ ]]aemifw&onf}} (metanoeŌ- ti,f 9?10)/ ¤if;onf aemufaemif(after)ESifh]]pdwf}}(mind)ESpfckpyf pum;vHk;jzpfNyD; pdwfopf? awG;awmyHktopf? b0ESifhbk&m;ocifqdkif&mü pdwfaeoabmxm;topfudk qdkvdkonf/ ¤if;rSm ppfrSefaomaemifwjzpfonf/

3/ ]]pdwfysufonf}}(metamelomai-i,f 8(ESpfcg)?10)? ¤if;onf aemufaemif (after)ESifh ]]*½kpdkuf(care)}} ESpfckpyfpum;vHk;jzpfonf/ ¤if;tm; ,k'taMumif; róJ? 27;3 ESifh {aomtaMumif; a[NAJ? 12;16? 17wdkUüoHk;onf/ ¤if;onf tjyKtrlr[kwfbJ? ¤if;tjyKtrl\ tusKd;qufjzpfonf/ aemifw&jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;wdkUonf vdktyfaomy#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf (rmuk? 1;15/ wrefawmf? 2;38?41/ 3;16?19/20;21)/ bk&m;ocifonf aemifw&aponfqdkonf oabmoufa&mufaom usrf;ydk'ftcsKdU½Sdonf/ (wrefawmf? 5;31/ 11;18/ 2wd? 2;25)/ odkUaomf trsm;pkaomusrf;ydk'frsm;t& ¤if;rSm tcrJhaomu,fwifjcif; ay;prf;onfhbk&m;ociftm; vlom;rsm;taejzifh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&mwHkUjyefrIjyK&ef vdktyfcsufjzpfonf/

aemifw&jcif;\teuft"dyÜg,f tjynfht0em;vnfoabmaygufEkdif&ef a[NAJpum;ESifh*&dpum;ESpfrsKd; pvHk;\t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;vdktyfonf/ a[NAJpum;vHk;t& ]]tjyKtrlajymif;vJjcif;}}vdktyfNyD;?*&dpum; vHk;t&]]pdwfESvHk;ajymif;vJjcif;}}vdktyfonf/ u,fwifjcif;&½Sdolonf pdwfopf? ESvHk;opf&½Sdonf/ ol\pdwf ul;tawG;rSm uGJjym;jcm;em;oGm;NyD;? uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm touf½SifoGm;onf/ ]]ightwGuf b,ft&m½SdrvJ}}qdk onfhar;cGef;tpm;]]bk&m;ocif b,ft&mtvdk½SdvJ}}[laomar;cGef;onf tpm;xdk;vmonf/aemifw&jcif;onf ysufjy,foGm;onfh pdwfvIyf½Sm;rI(0g)t<uif;rJhtjypfuif;pifoGm;jcif;r[kwfbJ? oefU½Sif;awmfrlolESifhtopfaom awmfpyfrIjzpfay:vmum? ¤if;onf ,HkMunfoltm; oefU½Sif;oltjzpf wdk;íwdk;íajymif;vJoGm;aponf/

2;5-9 þtcef;i,frsm;onf(1) usqif;aomvlom;\acgif;rmyHk(2)

bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESifh w&m;pD&if awmfrljcif;wdkUudk a&;om;azmfjyonf/ 2;5 ]]acgif;rmjcif;}} þemrfpum;vHk;udk "r®opfusrf;ü þae&müomawGU&onf/ tpöa&;tm; þenf;jzifh azmfjy&m usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm xGuf? 32;9/ 33;3?5/ 34;9/ w&m;? 9;6?13?27/ (a[NAJ? 3;8?15/ 4;7 wdkUudkvnf; rSwfom;yg)/

 ]]pdwfESvHk;}} 1;24 \txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

 ]]trsufawmf xif½Sm;awmfrlaomaeY/}} ¤if;udk "r®a[mif;usrf;ü (a,mv? tmrkwf)]]xm0&bk&m;\aeU}} [kac:onf/ ¤if;onf w&m;pD&ifaomaeU(0g),HkMunfolrsm;twGufrl ½SifjyefxajrmufaomaeUjzpfonf/ vl om;wdkif;bk&m;ocifxHrS qkvufaqmiftjzpf rdrdwdkU&½Sdaomtoufudk rnfodkYtoHk;jyKMuaMumif;twGuf bk&m;ocifxH ½Sif;vif;csuf(ajz½Sif;csuf)ay;Mu&vdrfhrnf/ (róJ? 25;31-46/ Asm? 20;11-15)

bk&m;ocif\trsufawmftm; odkrSD;xm;olwdkUrSm tjypfom;rsm;udk,fwdkifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd trsufawmfxGuf&jcif;taMumif; ckdifvHkay:vGifap&ef tjypfudkwpfckaomtwdkif;twmtxd vTwfvyfpGmvTwf xm;um? trsufawmfydkrdkBuD;xGm;vmap&ef cGifhjyKonf/ trsufawmf[lonf bk&m;ociftaMumif;tm; ½Sif;vif;a&;om;&ef toHk;jyKaomvlom;pum;vHk;rsm; teufwpfckjzpfonf/ (1;18 \txl;taMumif;t&m]]bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkU a&;om;azmfjyjcif;}}üMunfh yg/) bk&m;ocifonf xm0&? oefU½Sif;awmfrlolESifheH0dnmOfjzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf tuefUtowfESifhjzpf aom? tjypf½Sdaom? ½kyfcE¨mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf pdwfvIyf½Sm;um? a'goxGufaejcif;rsKd;½Sdonf r[kwf acs/ tjypfom;jzpfaom vludkcspfaomfvnf;? vlom;rsm;u rdrdtm; qefUusifykefuefjcif;udkrl tckdiftrm qefUusifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/ olonf tjypfudkyk*¾dKvftvdkuf aAG,lojzifh uRefawmfwdkUü rdrdtjypftwGuf rdrdudk,fwdkif wm0ef½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfESifhqdkifaom aemufxyfjznfhpGufajymp&mrSm ¤if;ü vuf½Sdumv(acwå,m,D 1;24?26?28)ESifh acwfumv\tqHk;(aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;ESifhqdkifon 2;5-8)[lí or®musrf;pmü azmfjy onf/ bk&m;ocif\aeU&uf (w&m;pD&ifawmfrl&maeU)rSm tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm; tem*wfumvü w&m;pD&ifjcif; rcH&bJ? aumif;csD;&½Sdap&ef olwdkUtjypfudk aemifw&MubdkU "r®a[mif;acwfya&mzufrsm;\ BudKwifowday; jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m? 27-28) "r®a[mif;acwfya&mzufrsm;onf rdrdwdkUacwfumv\ tvGef ta&;BuD;aomtcsdeftcgwpfckudk aemufqHk;aomumvtaMumif;a[m&ef toHk;jyKavh½SdMuonf/ 2;6 ¤if;udk qmvH? 62;12 rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (róJ? 16;27)? vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkU\jyKrlrIrsm;twGuf udk,fpDwm0ef½SdMuNyD;? bk&m;ociftm; ½Sif;vif;csufay;MurnfrSm urÇmYed,rwpf&yfjzpfonf/(2;1 \rSwfcsuf 'kwd,pmydk'fü Munfhyg/) (a,mb? 34;11/ okwåH? 24;12/ w&m;a[m? 12;14/ a,&rd? 17;10/ 32;19/ róJ? 16;27/ 25;31-46/ a&mr? 2;6/ 14;12/ 1aum? 3;8/ *vmwd? 6;7-10/ 2wd? 4;4/ 1ay? 1;17/ Asm? 2;23/ 20;12/22;12)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;yifvQif rdrdwdkUb0ESifh c&pfawmftwGuf trIaqmif½GufrItaMumif; ½Sif;vif;csuf ay;Mu&ayrnf/ (2aum? 5;10)/ ,HkMunfolwdkUonf olwdkU\tusifh(work-tvkyf)aMumifh u,fwifjcif;& jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; tusifhusihf&ef u,fwifcH&olrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ({zuf? 2;8-10/ txl;ojzifh 2;1426/ ,mukyfESifha,m[efMo0g'pm)? ajymif;vJcJhaomb0toufwmESifh arwåmtm;jzifh ajymif;vJaeaomtouf wm? trIaqmif½Gufjcif;ESifh wpfudk,faumif;rqefjcif;wdkUonf u,fwifcH&jcif;\ppfrSefrI taxmuftxm; jzpfonf/ 2;7 ]]olwdkUtm;}}ti,f 7 üa&;om;azmfjyaomolrsm;ESifhti,f 8 uvlrsm;ü uGJjym;jcm;em;rI½Sdonf/ (odkUaomf ...olwdkUtm;)



NASB ]]bkef;toa&ESifh razgufjyefrysufpD;jcif;udk½Sm um? aumif;aomt&mudkpGJNrJpGm vkyfaqmifol wdkYtm; xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/

NKJV ]]bkef;toa&ESifh razgufjyefrysufpD;jcif ;udk½Smum? aumif;aomt&mudk qufvufí onf;cH vkyfaqmifolwdkUtm; xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/

NRSV ]]bkef;toa&ESifh razgufjyefrysufpD;jcif ;udk½Smum? aumif;aomt&mudk qufvufí onf;cH pGmjzifh vkyfaqmifolwdkUtm;? xm0&toufudk ay;awmfrlvwHh}}/

TEV ]]vltcsKdUwdkUonf aumif;a omt&mudk qufvufvkyfoGm;Muum? bkef;toa&ESifh razgufjyef rysufpD; jcif;tm; ½SmazGMuonf/ bk&m;ocif onf olwdkUtm; xm0&toufay;vdrfhrnf/

100

NJB

]]aumif;aomt&mudk

tpOftNrJvkyfoGm;jcif;jzifh xifay:rI? toa&ESifh razgufjyefrysufpD;jcif; tm; ½SmazGMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdk Utm; xm0&toufay;vdrfhrnf/ ¤if;onf aumfaevduJhodkYaomolrsKd;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (wrefawmf? 10;34-35)/ þpmydk'fonf tvkyf tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkU a&mufaeouJhodkU xif&aomfvnf; (vlom;\tm;xkwfrIjzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;&½SdouJh odkU)þtcsufonf a&mrMo0g'pm\ t"duOD;wnfcsufudk qefUusifbufjyK&ef r[kwfacs/ ti,f 1-16 (0g) 1-11wpfckckonf pmydk'fwpfydk'fjzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ þtydk'fwpfckvHk;\"r®oabmw&m; azmfjyvdk&if; tcsufrSm bk&m;ocifonf vlrsufESmudkraxmuf (i,f 11)aMumif;ESifh vltm;vHk;tjypfjyKMuaMumif;(i,f 12) jzpfonf/ vlwdkUonf rdrdwdkU&½Sdonfhtvif;ESifhtnD touf½SifMuygu (wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf obm0 tm;jzifh zGifhjyrIESifh*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf txl;zGifhjyjcif;-10;5) bk&m;ocifESifhtqifajyMuayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf ajzmifhrwfaomol[lí r½SdcJhbl;aMumif;ESifh rnfonfhtcgürSvnf; ½SdEkdifvdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif; 3;9-18?23ü tusOf;csKHUazmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;w&m;udk½kdaoum? ajymif;vJaomtoufwm½Sdjcif;onf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh tpjyK wHkYjyefaMumif; txnfjyKcdkifvHkaponf/ ajymif;vJaomtoufwmrSm bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfusdef0yfaMumif; \taxmuftxm;jzpfonf/ (ti,f 10? 13/ róJ? 7/ {zuf? 2;8-10/ ,mukyf? 2;14-26ESifh 1a,m [ef)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pGJNrJ&e vdktyfrI 8;25 üMunfhyg/  ]]xm0&touf/}} ¤if;onf a,m[ef\ta&;tom;vu©Pmwpf&yfjzpfNyD; c&pf0ifusrf; yxroHk;usrf;wdkU üawGU&cJonf/ aygvkonf þpum;vHk;udk 'Ha,v 12;2 (wdwk? 1;2/ 3;7)rS&,lonfESifhwlonf/ xdkusrf;ydk'fü ¤if;pum;vHk;onf uyfurÇmtopfESifhqdkifaomtouf? bk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jzpfaom toufwm? jyef½Sifxajrmufaomb0udk azmfjyonf/ olon ¤if;udk *vmwd 6;8ü yxrOD;qHk;oHk;onf/ ¤if;onf a&mrMo0g'pm\ Mo0g'ydkif;qdkif&mu@ü OD;wnfcsufjzpfavh½Sdonf(2;7/ 5;21/ 6;22?23)/ oif;tkyfqdkif&mMo0g'rsm;üvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;yg½Sdonf/ (1wd? 1;16/ wdwk? 1;2/ 3;7)/ 2;8

NASB ]]tvdkqE´jyif;xefí}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]rdrdudk,fusKd;½SmolwdkU}}

TEV ]]tjcm;olrsm;onf udk,fusKd;zufMu\}}

NJB ]]remvdkpdwf½Sdolrsm;}} þa0g[m&\rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm ]]tcay;í iSg;&rf;onf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ (a,mb? 2;11) Louw ESifh Nida wdkU\ ]]Greek-English Lexicon }}twGJ 2/ pm? 104 ü þa0g[m&\oHk;EIef;yHkESpfrsKd; azmfjyonf/

1/ ]]pdwfqE´jyif;xefonf}} selfish ambition [líjzpfNyD; a&mr? 2;8udknTef;um]]tjcm;olwpfyg;xuf ydkrdk aumif;rGefvdkjcif;}}[kqdkojzifh þusrf;ydk'fESifhudkufnDonf/

2/ ]]&efNidK;BuD;jcif;} }-hostility [líjzpfNyD;? zdvdyÜd 1;17 udknTef;um? tNydKiftqdkifjyKjcif;tjzpfvnf; bmom jyefEkdifonf[kazmfjyonf/ (2aum? 12;20/ *vmwd? 5;20/ zdvdyÜd? 2;3/ ,mukyf? 3;14?16)/

 ]]or®mw&m;udk remcHbJ/}} or®mw&m;]]truth}}(aletheia)tm; ¤if;\a[NAJt"dyÜg,f(emeth)jzpfonfhrSef uefrI? pdwfcsrItjzpfoHk;onf/ þoabmtm;jzifh¤if; a0g[m&onf todnmOfESifhrqdkifbJ udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh qdkifonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aygvka&;aompmrsm;xJu or®mw&m;-1;18ü Munfhyg/

2;9]]vlom;wdkif;/}} aygvkonf *&da0g[m& pas udkoHk;onf/ ]]tm;vHk;}}(0g)]]wdkif;}}[lí bmomjyefavh½Sdaom ¤if;tm; a&mrMo0g'pmtzGifh tcef;BuD;rsm;ü rMumcPoHk;NyD; wpfurÇmvHk;jcHKaom]]owif;qdk;}}(vlom;wdkif; vrf;aysmufolrsm;jzpfaeMujcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifonf w&m;pD&if&mü rsufESmrvdkufjcif;)]]owif;aumif;}}(bk&m; ocifonf u,fwifjcif;tm; ay;prf;jcif;ESifh? aemifw&um c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfolwdkif; tjypfvTwfjcif; tjynfht0&½Sdjcif;) ESpfrsKd;pvHk;tm;qdkvdkonf/ þpmydk'fonf wpfurÇmvHk;vTrf;jcHKaom w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;ESifh ¤if;\tusKd;quftm; cdkifrmpGmnTef;qdk onf/ þor®mw&m;t& ajzmifhrwfolESifhqdk;oGrf;ol ESpfrsKd;pvHk;\½SifjyefxajrmufrIvdktyfaMumif; azmfjy onf/ ('Ha,v? 12;2/ a,m[ef? 5;28-29/ wrefawmf? 24;15)/ ti,f 6-11 onf wqufwnf;jzpfygu ti,f 8-9onf w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;(0g)raumif;rIjyKolrsm; tm; &nfnTef;onfhaomhcsufusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf/

2;9-10 ]]yxrOD;pGm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;}}/ tav;teufjyKjcif;taejzifh þpum;udk xyfrHazmfjyonf/ *sL;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyawmfrljcif; &½SdcJhMuojzifh yxrOD;qHk; tcGifhxl;cHpm;&olrsm;jzpfonf/ (1;16/ róJ? 10;6/ 15;24/ a,m[ef? 4;22/ wrefawmf? 3;26/ 13;46)/ odkUaomf bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmftm; &½Sdolrsm;yDyD (9;4-5) w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;udkvnf; yxrOD;qHk; cH&olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (9-11)

2;11

NASB, NKJV ]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufawmfrrl}}

NRSV ]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmvdkufjcif; jyawmfrrl}}

TEV ]]taMumif;rlum;? bk&m;ocifonf vlwdki f;tm; wef;wlpD&ifawmfrlonf/}}

NJB

]]bk&m;ocifonf rsufESmomay;jcif;r½Sd}}

"r®a[mif;usrf;\w&m;pD&ifjcif;qkdif&m wifpm;oHk;EIef;aom a0g[m&wpfrsKd;jzpfNyD; ]]rsufESmarmhonf}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ (0wfjyK? 19;15/ w&m;a[m? 10;17/ 2&mZ0ifcsKyf? 19;7/ wrefawmf? 10;34/ *vmwd? 2;6/ {zuf? 6;9/ aum? 3;25/ 1ay? 1;17) w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;onf rdrd\trIonfü w&m;rQwrIawGY&NyDqdk vQif iJhuGufp&mtcGifhta&;jzpfvmonf/ xdkUaMumifh olonf rdrda½SUü &yfaeol\rsufESmtm; armhay;jcif;jyK awmhrnfr[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g' I. ed'gef;

u/ ¤if;udk usqif;aomvlom; vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif; wpfurÇmvHk;ü awGU&onf/ ¤if;onf olwpfyg;\ ausmukef;ay: wufpD;aomvlom;\twåjzpfonf/ vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'tm; enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzifh acwfopfumvü awGUjrif&NyD;? trsKd;om;a&;0g'(odkUr[kwf vlrsKd;pk0g')rSmrl ydkía½S;usaom toHk; tEIef;jzpfonf/

c/ trsKd;om;a&;0g'onf AmAkvkefü tpjyKcJhNyD;(urÇm? 11)rlvtm;jzifh aem{\om;a,musfm;oHk; a,mufESifhqufpyfum? ¤if;wdkUrS rsKd;EG,fpkqkdolrsm; pwifxGef;um;vmcJhonf/(urÇm? 10)/ rnfodkU jzpfap vlom;rsKd;EG,f[lonf rsKd;½dk;wpfckwnf;rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; or®musrf;pmrS xif½Sm;pGm od½Sd&onf/(urÇmOD;? 1;-3/ wrefawmf? 17;24-26)

vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'onf rsufESmvdkufjcif;trsKd;rsm;pGm teufwpfrsKd;omvQifjzpfonf/ tcsKdUwdkUrSm (1) ynma&;udktaMumif;jyKNyD; rsufESmBuD;vdkufjcif; (2) vlrIa&;? "eOpömrme (3) rdrdomvQif rSef onfqdkaombmoma&; t,lonf;0g'ESifh (4) EdkifiHa&;t,l0g'qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm; II. or®musrf;vmtcsufrsm; u/ "r®a[mif;usrf; 1/ urÇmOD; 1;27/ a,musfm;? rdef;rwnf;[laomvlom;tm; bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmftwdkif;? bk&m;ocifESifhwlatmif zefqif;onfjzpfí? olwdkUrSm twktEIdif;uif;olrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if; onf olwdkUwpfOD;csif;pD\wefbdk;ESifh *kPfodu©mudkvnf; azmfjyonf/ (a,m[ef 3;16)

2/ urÇmOD; 1;11-25/ ]]trsKd;tvdkuf}}qdkaompum;pkwpfq,fBudrf rSwfwrf;wifxm;onf/ ¤if; tm;vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpf toHk;jyKavh½Sdonf/ odkUaomf usrf;pum; tquftpyfudkMunfhonfhtcg wd&pämefrsm;ESifhtyifrsm;udk nTef;qdkjcif;omjzpfNyD;? vlom;ESifh rqdkifaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/

3/ urÇmOD; 9;18-27/ ¤if;tm; vlrsKd;BuD; pdk;rdk;a&;0g'twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpf toHk;jyKol rsm;½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf cgeeftm; rusdefqJcJhaMumif; owd&&efvdktyfonf/ olYtm; tzdk;jzpf olaem{uom t&ufrl;rl;jzifhEdk;vmonfhtcg usdefqJvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif onf þusdefqJrItm;twnfjyKaMumif; or®musrf;pmü rSwfwrf;r½Sdacs/ bk&m;ocifonf xdkodkUjyKonf qdkOD;awmh ¤if;onf tom;rJaomvlrsKd;EG,ftm; xdcdkufjcif;r½Sdacs/ cgeefonf ygvufpwdkif;a'oae vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfvmum? olwdkUonf tom;rJolrsm;r[kwfaMumif; tD*spf vlrsKd;rsm;\ tkwfeH&Hyef;csDum;rsm;uazmfjyonf/

4/ a,½I 9;23/ ¤if;tm; rsKd;EG,fwpfckonf tjcm;rsKd;EG,fwpfcktm; tapcH&jcif;udk axmufjy&ef toHk;jyKvmcJhMuonf/ odkUaomf usrf;pum;qufpyfrIu azmfjyonfrSm *daAmiftrsKd;om;rsm; onf *sL;vlrsKd;uJhodkUaom rsKd;EG,f0ifrsm;jzpfonf/

5/ {Z&? 9-10ESifh ae[rd13/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;udk vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;tjrifjzifh oHk;vmcJhMuaomfvnf; xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;tm; tjypfwif&jcif;rSm rsKd;EG,faMumifhr[kwfbJ (olwdkUonf aem{rS qif;oufolcsif;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ urÇmOD;? 10) bmoma&;taMumif; jycsufaMumifhjzpfonf/ c/ "r®opfusrf;

1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;

(u) vlrsKd;cGJjcm; rkef;wD;jcif;onf roifhawmfaMumif; jyo&ef a,½Ionf *sL;rsm;ESifh½Srm&drsm; tMum; rkef;wD;rItaMumif; rMumcPtoHk;jyK ajymMum;avh½Sdonf/

(1) aumif;aom½Srm&d Oyrm (vkum? 10;25-37)

(2) a&wGif;u trsKd;orD; (a,m[ef? 4)

(3) aus;Zl;odaom temBuD;a&m*gonf (vkum? 17;7-19)

(c) c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;onf vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;twGufjzpfonf/

(1) a,m[ef 3;16

(2) vkum 24;46-47

(3) a[NAJ 2;9

(4) Asm'dwf 14;6

(*) EdkifiHawmfü vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk; yg0ifvdrfhrnf

(1) vkum 13;29

(2) Asm'dwf 5

2/ wrefawmf0w¬K

u/ bk&m;ocifonf wpfurÇmvHk;tm; cspfawmfrlaMumif;ESifh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf wpfurÇmvHk;twGufjzpfaMumif; wrefawmf 10 rSm wdusaomusrf;ydk'fjzpfonf/ c/ ayw½konf wrefawmftcef; 11u rdrdtjyKtrlaMumifh wdkufcdkufcHvmcJh&m?wrefawmf 15ü a,½k½SvifaumifpDtpnf;a0;ü tajz&vmcsdefwdkifatmifjzpfonf/ yxr&mpktwGif; *sL;vlrsKd;ESifh *sL;r[kwfolrsm;tMum; wif;rmrItvGefjyif;xefcJhonf/

3/ aygvk

(u) c&pfawmftxJü tydkif;tjcm;r½Sd

1/ *vmwd 3;26-28

2/ {zuf 2;11-22

3/ aum 3;11 (c) bk&m;ocifonf vludkrsufESmvdkufjcif;r½Sd

1/ a&mr 2;11

2/ {zuf 6;9

4/ ayw½kESifh ,mukyf

u/ bk&m;ocifonf vludkrsufESmvdkufjcif;r½Sd/ 1ay? 1;17 c/ bk&m;ocifonf bufvdkufjcif;r½Sdojzifh olUvlrsKd;onfvnf; bufvdkufjcif;r½Sd/ ,mukyf? 2;1 5/ a,m[ef

u/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\wm0eftaMumif; tjyif;xefqHk; azmfjyrIwpfck 1a,m 4;20 ü awGU&onf/ III. ed*Hk;csKyf

u/ vlrsKd;a&;cGJjcm;rIESifh rnfonfhtrsKd;tpm;jzpfap rsufESmvdkufjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\om;orD;rsm; ESifh roifhavsmfacs/ 1964 ckESpfwGif New Mexico jynfe,f Glorieta NrdKUüusif;yonfh]]c&pf,mef toufwm wm0ef0wå&m;}}nDvmcHü Henlee Barnettee \rdefUcGef;xJrS aumufEkwfcsuf wpfck½Sdyg onf/

]]vlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&;0g'onf or®musrf;pmESifhrudkufnD? c&pf,mefoabmr[kwfojzifh ¤if;rSm rdpäm0g' jzpfonf/ odyÜHenf;rusojzifh azmfjyajymqdkoifhaomt&mr[kwfacs}}[líjzpf\/ c/ þjyóemonf c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh vrf;aysmufaeaomurÇmBuD;tay: c&pfawmfenf;wl cspfjcif; arwåm? cGifhvTwfrIESifh em;vnfrI½SdaMumif;jyo&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf þu@ tm; jiif;qefonfhtcg ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif;? pdwfcs&rIESifhBuD;xGm;rItm; [efYwm;aESmifhaES;ap &efrm&fewftwGuf tcGifhaumif;jzpfaponf/ ¤if;onf vrf;aysmufolrsm; c&pfawmfxHvm&ef twm; tqD;vnf;jzpfaeayrnf/ */ uREfkyfbmvkyfEdkifrnfenf;/ (þu@tm;]]c&pf,meftoufwm wm0ef0wå&m;}}tzGJU\]]vlrsKd;csif;quf qHa&;}}ac:pmapmifrS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/)

vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&mjyóemrsm; ajz½Sif;&mü rdrdudk,fwdkifü wm0ef0wå&m;½SdaMumif; vufcHyg/

vlrsKd;a½G; rsufESmvdkufrItm; rdrd\toufwmrS z,f½Sm;ypf&ef qkawmif;jcif;? or®musrf;pm avhvmjcif;ESifh tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;tm;jzifh tm;xkwfyg/

vlrsKd;a&;rkef;wD;rIvSKHUaqmfolrsm; pdrfac:jcif;rcH&&mae&mrsm;ü? vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m rdrd\em;vnf oabmaygufrItm; azmfxkwfjyoyg/

toufwmü}}

tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;tay: pdwfaeoabmxm; wdk;wufrItm; rdom;pktaejzifh jyoay:vGifap&ef ta&;BuD;yHktm; todtrSwfjyKyg/

rdom;pkjyifyü vlrsKd;a&;taMumif; rdrdwdkUMum;cJh&jcif;rsm;tm; om;orD;rsm;ESifhrdbrsm; twlajym qdkjcif;jzifh rdrdwdkU\c&pf,mefpdwfoabmxm;tm; zGHUNzdK;ap&ef BudK;pm;yg/

tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;? vlrsm;ESifhajymqdk&mü rdbrsm;onf c&pf,mefyHkoufaojyo&ef *½kpdkuf&rnf/

tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh rdom;pkcsif;? rdwfaqGjzpf&ef tcGifhta&;rsm;½SmazGyg/

vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m or®musrf;pmyg or®mw&m;a[majym? oifMum;jcif;tm;jzifh toif;awmfonf rdrdwdkU\todkif;t0dkif;wpfckvHk;ü yHkoufaojyoEdkifonf/ toif;awmfwGif; 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;? rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh trIaqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;ü "r®opf toif;awmfrsm;ü vlrsKd;cGJjcm;rIrjyKcJhMuonfenf;wl vlwdkif;twGuf vrf;zGifhay;jcif;½Sdr½Sd aocsmapyg/ ({zuf? 2;11-22/ *vmwd? 3;26-29)

]]aeUpOftoufwmü}}

 urÇmay:tvkyfvkyfudkif&mü vlrsKd;cGJjcm;jcif; udpö&yftm;vHk; atmifjrifausmfvTm;Edkif&ef ulnDyg/

wdkufcdkuf&efrSmvlrsKd;a&;jyóemjzpfNyD;? vlyk*¾dKvfr[kwfaMumif; owd&vsuf vlrItzGJUtpnf; rsKd;pHkü tvkyfvkyf&mwGif wef;wlnDrQaomtcGifhta&;ESifh tcGifhaumif;rsm; aocsmxdef;xm;yg/ &nf½G,fcsufrSm em;vnfrIjr§ifhwif&efjzpfNyD;? cg;onf;rIzefwD;&ef r[kwfacs/

vlkrsKd;csif;qufqHa&;wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? vlxktwGif; taxGaxGynmay;&efESifh wdusaomvkyfaqmif rIrsm;jyK&ef? todkif;t0dkif;twGif; qufoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm; yGifhvmap&ef &nf½G,fcsufxm; ½Sdvsuf? aMumifhuspdk;&drfrI½Sdolrsm;yg0ifonfh txl;aumfrDwDwpfcktm; tqifajyrnfqdkygu zGJUpnf;yg/

 vlrsKd;a&;qdkif&m w&m;rQwrItm;jr§ifhwif&efESifh EkdifiHa&;tjrwfxkwf&ef rsufESmvdkufrIrsm;tm; toHk;csolrsm;udk qefUusifon Oya'jyXgef;jcif;ESifh Oya'jyKolrsm;tm; axmufcHtm;ay;yg/

 Oya'twnfjyKolrsm;onf cGJjcm;jcif;r½SdbJ twnfjyKEdkif&ef Oya'twnfjyKolt&m½Sdrsm;tm; axmufcHtm;ay;yg/

 Oya'ygtcsuftvufrsm;onf cGJjcm;rItm;jr§ifhwifrnfh olrsm;vufxJü vufeufozG,fjzpfr vmap&ef c&pf,mefEdkifiHom;wpfOD;taejzifh rdrdvkyfEkdiforQt&mtm;vHk;vkyfum? tMurf;zufrI tm;a½Smifvsuf? w&m;Oya' ½dkaoav;pm;rItm; jr§ifhwifyg/

vlom;csif; qufqHa&;u@wdkif;ü c&pfawmf\pdwf0dnmOfESifh oabmxm;tm; erlem,lyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomusrf;/ 2;12-16

12ynwfw&m;udkrodbJ jypfrSm;orQaomolwdkUonf yn wfw&m;rJh ysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufMuvdrfh rnf/ ynwfw&m;vufatmufü jypfrSm;orQaomolwdk Uonf ynwfw&m;\pD&ifjcif; cH&Muvdrfhrnf/ 13taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;Mum;emolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifha½SUü ajzmifhrwfonfr[kwf/ ynwf w&m;udkusifhaomolonfomvQif ajzmi fhrwf&modkUa&mufvdrfhrnf/ 14ynwfw&m;r½Sdaom omoemyvl wdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmfüygaomt&mrsm;udk tvdk tavsmufusifhaomtcg? ynwfw&m;r½Sdaom olwdkUtwGuf xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkU\ynwfw&m;yifjzpfonf/ 15olwdkU\ udk,fudkudk,fodaompdwf onf oufaocHojzifh olwdkU\tawG;onf rdrdwdkU tm; tjypfwifvdkuf? tumtuG,fay;vdkufjzifh wvSnfhpDjzpfae&m? ynwfw&m;awmf\tvkyftm; olwdkYE SvHk;om;xJa&;om;xm;aMumif;jyonf/ 16ig\{0Ha*vdw&m;ESifhtnD? bk&m;ocifonf w&m;pD &ifawmfrlaomaeUü vlwdkU\vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;udk c&pfawmfa,½Itm;jzifh pD&ifawmfrlvwHh/

2;12 ]]ynwfw&m;udkrodbJ? jypfrSm;orQaomolwdkUonf/}} "r®a[mif;usrf;(0g)c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;udk rMum; bl;olrsm;yifjzpfap? vlom;tm;vHk;ü wm0ef½Sdonf[k bk&m;ocifrSwf,layvdrfhrnf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;rSwpfqifh (1;19-20/ qmvH 19;1-6 ESifh yifudktm;jzifh udk,fusifhw&m;udk odwwfjcif; (2;14-15) rsm;rSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhqdkifaom todtjriftcsKdU&Muonfomjzpf\/ 0rf;enf;p&maumif; onfrSm vlwdkif;rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;w&m;tm; wrifoufoufazgufzsufaeMuonf/ (1;21-23/ 3;9? 19? 23/ 11;32/ *vmwd 3;22)



]]ynwfw&m;awmf/}} ynwfw&m;awmf ]]law}}qdkaoma0g[m&ü]]the}}qdkonfh wpHkw&mtm; oD;oefY&nf nTef;onfh toHk;tEIef;r½Sdacs/ odkUaomf a&mrMo0g'pmü aygvk\toHk;tEIef;rSm]]the law}}[líjzpfNyD; atmuf ygwdkUudk &nfnTef;onf/

1/ a&mrw&m; Oya'

2/ arma½S\ynwfw&m;

3/ vlrIa&;qdkif&m a,bk,st,ltq þpum;vHk;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm;jzifh tav;teufjyKMuonfrSm vlwdkif;ü rdrd pdwfESvHk;rsm;txJ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdoabm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyaomodjrifrItcsKdU½SdaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ (i,f15)

2;13 ]]taMumif;rlum;? ynwfw&m;Mum;emolr sm;onf bk&m;ocifha½SUü ajzmifhrwfonfr[kwf}} ]]Mum;emolrsm;}}[laom a0g[m&onf (1) ynwfawmfusrf; oifMum;olrsm;ESifhqdkifaom oD;oefUtoHk;tEIef; odkUr[kwf (2) w&m;Z&yfrsm;ü or®musrf;pmzwf½Ionfudk Mum;emcJholrsm;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ "r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf Koine *&dpum;jzihfa&;um a[NAJtawG;jzif awG;ac:olrsm;jzpfaMumif; owd& yg/ xdkUaMumifh pum;vHk;pDppfrIonf *&dtbd"gefr[kwfbJ Septuagint ("r®a[mif; *&dvdkbmomjyefusrf;)jzifh tpjyK&ayrnf/

]]ajzmifhrwfonf}}(0g)]]ajzifhrwfapjcif;cH&onf}}[laoma0g[m&onf (dikē) aygvk\"r®oabmw&m;ü tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ (3;4? 20?24? 26? 28? 30/ 4;2?5/ 5;1?9/ 6;7/ 8;30?33)/ ]]ajzmifhrwfonf}}(just)? ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}(justify)]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}(justification)?]]rSefonf}}(right)?]]rSefuefjcif;}}(righteousness)?

wdkUtm;vHk;rSm dikaios rSvmonf/ (jrefrmusrf;pmürl justificationESihf righteousness ESpfckpvHk;tm;]]ajzmifhrwf &mü wnfaponf^wnfapjcif;[lí awGU&onf)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; 1;17üMunfh yg/ a[NAJpum;vHk;(tsadag, BDB 843)\rl&if;rSm tkwfeH&Hrsm;? jcHpnf;½dk;rsm;wdkif;wm&ef csdefoD;tjzpfoHk;aom ½Snfíajzmifhwef;onfh(15-20ay)usLvHk;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf w&m;pD&if&mpHtjzpf bk&m;ociftaMumif; wifpm;azmfjyrItwGuf toHk;jyKaomt&mjzpfvmonf/ aygvk\ta&;tom;ü ¤if;a0g[m&wGif tcsufESpfck½Sdonf/ wpf? bk&m;ocifü½Sdaom ajzmihfrwfjcif; tm;? c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzi tcrJhvufaqmiftjzpf tjypf½Sdolvlom;udkay;tyfonf/ ¤if;udk oGwf oGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif;(0g)w&m;Oya'qdkif&m ajzmifhrwfjcif;[kac:onf/ ¤if;onf ajzmifhrwfawmfrlol bk&m;ocif\a½SUawmfarSmufü w&m;Oya'qdkif&m &yfwnfrItm;&nfnTef;onf/ ¤if;onf aygvk\emrnf ausmf ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapjcif;}}ac: w&m;\rl&if;jzpfonf/ ESpftcsufrSm tjypf½Sdaomvlom;tm; rdrd\o@efawmftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfvmapaom bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ (urÇmOD;? 1;26-27)odkUr[kwf c&pfawmfESifhwlvmapjcif;jzpfonf/ þtcef;i,fonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; w&m;emolrsm;omvQifr[kwfbJ? w&m;twdkif; jyKusifholrsm;jzpfvm&ef awmif;qdkaom usrf;ydk'frsm;ESifhwlonf/ ¤if;wdkUrSm róJ? 7;24/ vkum? 8;21ESifh11;28/ a,m[ef? 13;17/ ,mukyf? 1;22? 23?25wdkUjzpfonf/ oGwfoGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwfjcif;onf ajzmifhrwfaomtoufwm(oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;)udk jzpfyGg;ap&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypfom;rsm; tjypfvTwf½kHrQomr[kwfbJ? ajymif;vJoGm;aponfh aygvk\ þtoHk;tEIef;rSm w&m;Oya'qdkif&mESifh usifh0wfw&m;qdkif&m ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGufjzpfonf/ y#dnmOf w&m;opfonf vlom;rsm;tm; w&m;Oya'qdkif&m&yfwnfrIudkomru bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf½Sifjcif; yHkpH rsKd;udkvnf;awmif;qdkonf/ ¤if;rSm tcrJhjzpfaomfvnf; wefbdk;BuD;rm;vSygbd\!



]]ynwfw&m;twdkif; usifhaomol}}/ bk&m;ocifonf emcHwwfaomtouf½Sifjcif;yHkpHrsKd; awmif;qdk onf/ (0wfjyK 18;5/ róJ 7;24-27/ vkum 8;21/ 11;28/ a,m[ef 13;17/ ,mukyf 1;22-25/ 2;1428)/ þt,ltqonf a[NAJa0g[m& shema (BDB 1033)ESifh rsm;pGmqifwlum? Mum;onfhtwdkif;vkyf&ef [laomt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ (w&m;a[m 5;1/ 6;4/ 9;1/ 20;3/ 27;9-10)

2;14

NASB ]]ynwfw&m;r½Sdaom omoemyvlwdkUonf y nwfw&m;ESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;udk tvdkt avsmufusifhaomtcg? ynwfw&m;r½Sdaom olwdkUtwGuf? xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkUüynwf w&m;yif jzpfoGm;onf/}}

NKJV

]]ynwfw&m;r½SdaomomoemyvlwdkUonf ynwf w&m;üyg½Sdaomt&mrsm;udk obm0tm;jzifh usifhonfhtcg? ynwfw&m;r½SdMuaomfvnf; xdk t&mrsm;onf olwdkUü ynwfw&m;yifjzpf oGm;onf/

NRSV ]]ynwfw&m;rydkifqdkifaom omoemyvlwdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmif;qdkaomt&mudk tvdk tavsmufusifhaomtcg ynwfw&m;r½SdMuaom fvnf; xdkt&mrsm;onf olwdkUü ynwfw &m;yifjzpfoGm;onf/

TEV ]]omoemyvlwdkUü ynwfw&m;r½Sdaomfvnf; ynwfw&m;\ynwfcsufrsm;udk rdrdwdkUoabm jzifh vGwfvyfpGmusifhMuonfhtcg? olwdkUüy nwfw&m;r½Sdaomfvnf;? ¤if;wdkUonf olwdkUü ynwfw&m;yif jzpfoGm;onf/

NJB

]]om"utm;jzifh ynwfw&m;rMum;cJhbl;ol omo emyvlrsm;onf rdrd\aMumif;usKd; qifjcif rI\vrf;jyrIjzifh ynwfw&m;\ynwfcsufrsm;udk usifhMuaomtcg? ynwfw&m;udk wu,f wrf; rydkifqdkifMuaomfvnf; ¤i f;wdkUudk ynwfw&m;[kajymEkdifonf/ vlrsKd;wdkif;ü vlrIa&;pHxm;&mjzpfaom? t&if;cHudk,fusihfw&m;½SdMuonf/ olwdkUü rdrdwdkU&½Sdaomtvif; w&m;tay: wm0ef½SdMuonf/ (1aum 9;21)/ rdrdwdkUvlrsKd;\ ,Ofaus;rItvif;w&m;twdkif;usifhygu bk&m; ocifESifhrSefuefEdkifonf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? rdrdwdkUyifudk,ftm;jzifh bk&m;ociftm; od½Sd&jcif; tay:wm0ef½SdMuonf/

2;15 ]]olwdkU\ udk,fudkudk,fodao mpdwfonf oufaocHojzifh olwdkU\ta wG;onf rdrdwdkUtm; tjypf wifvdkuf? tumtuG,fay;vdkufjzifh wvSnfhpDjzpfae&m}} þae&mü udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&mtwGif; tZöKwå toH[lí½Sdonf/ odkUaomf or®musrf;pmtm; 0dnmOfawmf\em;vnfoabmaygufapjcif;onfomvQif tjynfht0,HkMunfpdwfcs&onf/ tjypfxJusqif;jcif;onf uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fudkudk,fodwwfjcif; (MowåyÜ pdwf)udk xdkcdkufcJhjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ rnfodkUjzpfap vltcsKdUwdkUonf zefqif;jcif;(1;18-20)ESifh udk,fusihf w&m;qdkif&m twGif;tZöKwåtoH(2;14-15)tm; ydkifqdkifxm;Muonf/ *&dpum;vHk; ]]udk,fudkudk,f odwwf aompdwf}}(0g) ]]tqdk;taumif;cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaom pdwf}}ac:MowåyÜpdwf}}(syneidesis)ESifhwlnDaom a[NAJ pum;vHk;r½Sdacs/ tqdk;taumif; cGJjcm;odwwfjcif;wnf;[laom udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m vdyfjympdwf t,ltq taMumif; *&dawG;ac:½Sif stoic *dkPf;om;rsm;(csKyfwnf;onf;cHjcif; t,l0g')u rMumcPaqG;aEG;Muonf/ aygvkonf *&d awG;ac:½Sifrsm;taMumif; wm½INrdKUü ynmoifMum;pOf aumif;pGm oduRrf;cJhonf/ (Clenthes tm; wrefawmf 17;28/ Menandar tm; 1aum 15;33 ESifh Epimenides tm; wdwk 1;12 wdkUü &nfnTef; onf)/ olarG;zGm;&m wm½INrdKUrSm *&dvlrsKd;wdkU\ w&m;a[mjcif;twwfynmESifh *&d'óeduynmoifausmif; rsm; taumif;qHk;½Sd&mt&yf[k emrnf&onf/ 2;16 ]]aomaeUü}} 2;5 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ ]]iga[majymaom {0Ha*vdw&m;ESifhtnD}} aygvka[majymonfhzGifhjyrIrsm;ukd &nfnTef;aMumif;? usrf;p um;tquftpyfjzifhjyoonf/ ]]ig}}[laompum;vHk;onf olUtm;tyfESif;xm;onfh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; qkdif&m b@mxdef;t&mtm; aygvkem;vnfoabmaygufyHkudk xif[yfaponf/ (16;25/ 1aum 15;1/ *vmwd 1;11/ 1wd 1;11/ 2wd 2;8)/ tpöa&;r[kwfaom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmfBuD;tjzpf? a,½ItaMumif; or®mw&m;tm; *&d,Ofaus;rIvGrf;rdk;onfh a&mrtifyg,mtwGif; ysHUEHSUapa&;twGuf rdrdü wm0ef½SdyHktm; tHhMowkefvIyfbG,f&mcHpm;yHkudk xif[yfaponf/ 

]]vlwdkU\vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;udk pD&ifawmfrlvwHh}} bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vHk;\pdwfESvHk;wdkUudk od½Sd onf/(1"r® 2;7/ 16;7/ 3"r® 8;39/ 1&mZ0ifcsKyf 28;9/ 2&mZ0ifcsKyf 6;30/ qmvH 7;9/ 44;21/ 139;1-6/ okwåH 15;11/ 21;2/ a,&rd 11;20/ 17;10/ 20;12/ vkum 15;16/ wrefawmf 1;24/ 15;8/ a&mr 8;27/ Asm 2;23)/ crnf;awmfbk&m;onf om;awmf\udk,fpm;vS,f aqmif½GufrItm;jzifh vlwdkU\jyKrlvkyfaqmifrI rsm;ESihf bmaMumifh xdkodkUjyKrlvkyfaqmifaMumif;tm; w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mtjrifjzifh jyefvnfpDppfvdrfhrnf/ (róJ 25;31-46/ Asm'dwf 20;11-15)/

]]c&pfawmfa,½IrSwqifh}} a,½Ionf w&m;olBuD;tjzpfaqmif½Guf&ef <uvmcJhjcif;r[kwfacs/ (a,m[ef 3;17-21)crnf;awmfbk&m;tm;zGifhhjy&ef? udk,fpm;jyKtaocH&efESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;vdkufem&ef Oyrmay;bdkU <uvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ vlrsm;onf a,½Itm;jiif;qefMuonfhtcg rdrdudk,frdrd w&m;pD&ifMujcif;jzpfonf/ odkUwap a,½Ionf w&m;pD&if&mü crnf;awmfudk,fpm; aqmif½Gufvdrfhrnf[lívnf; "r®opfusrf;u oGefoifonf/ (a,m[ef 5;22?27/ wrefawmf 10;42/ 17;31/ 2wd 4;1)/ a,½Ionf w&m;olBuD;avm? u,fwifaomt½Sifavm[lon wif;rmrIudk a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;ü awGUEdkifonf/ (3;17-21/ 9;39)/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ /2;17-24

17odkUaomfvnf; ,k'vl[k orkwfjcif;udkcHaomol? ynwfw&m;awmfudk udk;pm;aomol? bk&m; ocifudktrSDjyKí? 0g<um;aomol 18tvdkawmfudkod½Sdaomol? ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifh oGefoifjcif;cH& aomoljzpfum? r½Sdrjzpf ta&;BuD; t&mrsm;udk odaomoljzpfonfESifhtnD 19vluef;wdkUtm; vrf;jy aomol? arSmifrdkufüaexdkifolwdkUudk vif;apaomol 20rdkufrJaomolwdkUudk qHk;raomol? r&ifhusuf aomolrsm;\q&morm;? ynwfw&m;awmfrS t odynmudkvnf;aumif;? or®mw&m;üyg½Sdaomt&m wdkUudkvnf;aumif; od½Sdoltjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd rSwf,lonfrSefvQif 21olwyg;udk oGefoifaomoifonf rdrdudk,frdrd roifoavm ? rcdk;&[lí olwyg;udk oGefoifao moifonf? rdrdudk,fwdkif cdk;,lxavmh ? 22olwyg;r,m;udk rjypfrSm;&[lí olwyg;tm;oGefoifa omoifonf rdrdudk,fwdkif olYr,m;udkjypfrSm; oavm ? ½kyfwkudk½GH½Smaomoifonf AdrmefawmfudkazgufxGif;cdk;,loavm ? 23ynwfw&m;awmfudk trSD jyKí 0g<um;aomoifonf ynwfw&m;awmfudkvGe fusL;ojzifh bk&m;ocif\*kPftoa&awmftm; ysufjym;apoavm / 24taMumif;rlum;? usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD bk&m;ocif\emrawmfonf oifwdkY aMumifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;Mum;ü ½Iwfcsjcif;cH&\/

2;17 ]]rSefvQif}} (if )¤if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrifürSefonf[k rSwf,lxm; jcif;(0g) ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ þtajctaeonf tcef;i,f20txdjzpfaomfvnf; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;rjyKojzifh TEV onf ¤if;wdkUtm; a,½IjyKcJhjcif;tjzpfrSwf,lum twnf0gustjzpf bmomjyefonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf rdrdwdkYrsKd;EG,f? "avhxHk;wrf;ESifhvkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtm;u,fwifjcif;ay;vdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ (róJ 3;9/ a,m[ef 8;33?37?39)/



]]bk&m;ocifudktrSDjyKí 0g<um;/}} *sL;vlrsKd;trsm;tjym; tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKMuonfrSm (1) tmjA[H\ trsKd;tEG,fjzpf&jcif;ESifh (2) bk&m;ocif\vufoifhcHrI&ap&ef arma½S\ynwfw&m;ESifhqdkifaom rdrdwdkU\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;jzpfonf/ rnfodkUjzpfap ynwfawmftm;jzifh olwdkYudk,folwdkY ajzmifhrwfapjcif;w&m;onf olwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS cGJxGufoGm;aponf/ (róJ 5;20/ *vmwd 3)aMuuGJbG,f&m ajymif;jyef tusKd;oufa&mufrIygwum;! aygvkonf 0g<um;jcif;oabmw&m;tm; 1aum&dEÅKMo0g'pmü touf0ifaponf/ aygvkonf rme axmifvTm;aomtpöa&;ESifh*&dvlrsKd;wdkU\ ynmrmeESpfrsKd;vHk; &ifqdkifcJhonf/ tqHk;tjzwfay;aom tjzpfrSefrSm bk&m;ocifrsufarSmufawmfü b,folrQ0g<um;p&m ½Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf[líjzpf\/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 0g<um;jcif;

*&da0g[m&rsm;jzpfonfhkauchaomai, kauchēma ESifhkauchēsis wdkUudk aygvku oHk;q,fhig;BudrfcefYoHk;cJh &m"r®opfusrf;ü tjcm;ESpfae&müoHk;onf/ (ESpfckpvHk; ,mukyf)¤if;tm; 1 ESifh 2aum&dEÅKMo0g'pmrsm;ü ydkí oHk;onf/ 0g<um;jcif;ESifhqufpyfaom or®mw&m;ESpfck t"duawGU&onf/  bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü rnfolrQ 0g<um;&vdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ (1aum 1;29/ {zuf 2;9)/  ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;ü 0g<um;&ayrnf/ (1aum 1;31/ a,&rd 9;23?24 udk &nfnTef;onfh 2aum 10;17)

xdkUaMumifh oifhavsmfaom0g<um;jcif;ESifh roifhavsmfaom0g<um;jcif; (Oyrm -rme)

u/ oifhavsmfaom 0g<um;jcif;

1/ bkef;wefcdk;awmftm; arQmfvifjhcif; (a&mr 4;2)

2/ ocifa,½Itm;jzifh bk&m;ocifaMumifh 0g<um;jcif; (a&mr 5;11)

3/ ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\vuf0g;uyfwdkifw&m;awmfaMumifh (aygvk\t"duOD;wnfcsufrSm 1aum 1;17-18/ *vmwd 6;14)

4/ aygvk0g<um;onfrSm

(u) tcaMu;aiGr,lbJ trIawmfaqmif½Gufjcif; (1aum 9;15?16/ 2aum 10;12)

(c) c&pfawmfay;aom rdrd\tcGifhtmPm (2aum 10;8?12)

(*) tjcm;olrsm;\vkyfaqmifrItm;jzihf r0g<um;jcif;(aum&dEÅKNrdKU½Sd vltcsKdUuJhodkU aum 10;15)

(C) rdrd\rsKd;½kd;tarGaMumifh (aum&dEÅKNrdKU½SdvltcsKdUuJhodkU-2aum 11;17/ 12;1?5?6)

(i) olpwifonfhtoif;awmfrsm;

(1) aum&dEÅK (2aum 7;4? 14/ 8;24/ 9;2/ 11;10)

(2) oufomavmed (2ouf 1;4)

(3) bk&m;ocif\ESpfodrfhrIESifh u,frjcif;tm; ,HkMunfpdwfcsrI½Sdjcif;/ (2aum 1;12)

roifhavQmfaom 0g<um;jcif;

*sL;jzpfjcif;aMumifh qufcH&½SdonfhtarGaMumifh (a&mr 2;17?23/ 3;27/ *vmwd 6;13)

aum&dEÅKtoif;awmftwGif; vltcsKdU0g<um;MuonfrSm (u) vlrsm;aMumifh (1aum 3;21)

(c) OmPfynmaMumifh (1aum 4;7)

(*) vGwfvyfoljzpfjcif;aMumifh (1aum 5;6)

3/ q&morm;twkta,mifwdkUonf aum&dEÅKtoif;awmftwGif; 0g<um;cGifh&½SdEkdif&ef BudKpm;Muonf/ (2aum 11;12)

]]ESpfouf/}} (approve) ¤if;onf *&dBud,m dokimazŌ \ PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE yHkpHjzpf onf/ prf;oyfjcif;ESifhqdkifaom atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /prf;oyfjcif;twGuf *&da0g[m&rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\ t"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm; &nf½G,fcsufwpfcktwGuf wpHkwa,muftm;prf;oyfjcif; (ppfaMumjcif;)[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdaom *&da0g[m&ESpf vHk;½Sdonf/

1/ DokimazŌ, Dokimion, Dokimasia þa0g[m&rSm owåKypönf;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD; wpHkw&m\ppfrSefrItm; rD;jzifhprf;oyfjcif;udk vltm;&nfnTef;um wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/ rD;onf ypönf;wpfcktm; owåKppfppfjzpfaMumif;azmfjy um tnpftaMu;? trIdufo½dkufrsm; avmifuRrf;(oefYpif)oGm;aponf/ ow¬Kypönf;üoHk;aom þvkyfxHk; vkyfenf;onf bk&m;ocifESifhpmwefrm&fewf(0g)vlom;rsm;twGuf tjcm;olrsm;tm; prf;oyf? ppfaMum&ef tm;ygvSaomtoHk;tEIef;wpfckjzpfvmonf/ þa0g[m&u tjyKoabmprf;oyfrIjyKjcif;üom toHk;jyKNyD;? vufoihfcHjcif;jyK&ef &nf½G,fcsufjzifh vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ ¤if;udk "r®opfusrf;ü prf;oyfjcif;twGuf toHk;jyKyHkwdkUrSm

u/ EGm;xD; - vkum 14;19

c/ rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif - 1aum 11;28

*/ rdrdwdkU\,HkMunfrI - ,mukyf 1;3 C/ bk&m;ociftm;f - a[NAJ 3;9 þprf;oyfrI (jrefrmusrf;pmü ]]pHkprf;? pHkprf;aESmifh,Suf? ppfaMumpHkprf;}} )rsm;\&vm'frSm taumif;buf jzpf&ef arQmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 1;28/ 14;22/ 16;10? 2aum 10;18/ 13;3/ zdvdyÜd 2;27/ 1ay 1;7)/ xdkUaMumifh þa0g[monf wpHkwa,muftm; prf;oyfNyD;? auseyfESpfoufp&mjzpfapjcif; oabm jzpfonf/

(u) xdkufwefrI½Sdap&ef

(c) aumif;rGefap&ef (*) ppfrSefap&ef

(C) wefbdk;½Sdap&ef

(i) *kPfjyKjcif;cHap&ef

2/ PeirazŌ, Peirasmus

þa0g[m&onf tjypf½Sm&ef(0g)jiif;y,f&ef&nf½G,fcsufjzifh prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;[laom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ¤if;udk oJuEÅm&xJ a,½Itm;pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifhqufpyfí oHk;avh½Sdonf/ (u) ¤if;onf a,½Itm;axmifacsmufqif&ef tm;xkwfjcif;oabmudk azmfjyonf/ (róJ 4;1/ 16;1/ 19;3/ 22;18?35/ rmuk 1;13/ vkum 4;38/ a[NAJ 2;18) (c) þa0g[m& (peirazŌn)udk rm&fewf\emrnfwpfrsKd;tjzpf róJ 4;3/ 1ouf 3;5wdkUüoHk; onf/ (*) bk&m;udkprf;oyfjcif;(tpHktprf;jyKjcif;)rjyK&ef BudKwifowday;&mü a,½ItoHk;jyKonf/ (róJ 14;7/ vkum 4;12/ (0g)c&pfawmfudk-1aum 10;9)/ ¤if;tm; ½IH;edrfhcJhNyD;(0g)ratmif rjrifjzpfcJhaom t&mwpfcktm; jzpfajrmufvm&ef tm;xkwfjcif;tm; azmfjy&efvnf;oHk;onf/ (wrefawmf 9;20/ 20;21/ a[NAJ 11;29)/ ¤if;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifh ppfaMumjcif;rsm;(trials) ESifhqdkifíoHk;onf/ (1aum 7;5/ 10;9?13/ *vmwd 6;1/ 1ouf 3;5/ a[NAJ 2;18/ ,mukyf 1;2?13?14/ 1ay 4;12/ 2ay 2;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;xH &efoloHk;rsKd;(avmu? aoG;om; ZmwdESifhrm&fewf)tm; wdusaomtcsdefESihfae&mü ay:vm&efcGifhjyKonf/

]]ynwfw&m;}} ti,f 17 onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;jzpfojzifh]]ynwfw&m;}}qdkonfrSm a[a½S\ynwf w&m;udkqdkvdkonf/ ti,f 25 ü ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif;yg½Sdjcif;onf ¤if;udk twnfjyKonf/ 2;18-20 *sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\vrf;(*sL;bmom)onf rSefaomvrf;? bk&m;ocifxHawmf oGm;&m wpfckwnf;aomvrf;tjzpf ,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ olwdkUonf bmoma&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;ü rSefuefaomq&m rsm;tjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ (róJ 15;14)/ tcGifhxl;&jcif;onf wm0ef0wå&m;udkvnf; ,laqmif vmonf/ (vkum 12;48)

tvm;wlpum;pkrsm;onf olwdkU\,HkMunfrIESihfqdkifonf (róJ 15;14/ 23;16?24/ vkum 6;39)

1/ rsufuef;rsm;tm; vrf;jyoli,f 19

2/ tarSmifxJ½Sdolrsm;twGuf tvif;? i,f 19

3/ rdkufrJolrsm;tm; oGefoifol? i,f 20

4/ r&ifhusufaomolrsm;twGuf q&morm;? i,f 20

5/ ynwfawmfü yg0ifaomtodynmESifh or®mw&m;tm; od½Sd&jcif;? i,f 20

2;21-24 rdrd\emcHEdkifrIudk tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKrnfqdkygu xdkemcHrIonf tjynfht0emcHjcif;jzpf&ygrnf/ (róJ 5;20?48/ *vmwd 3;10/ w&m;a[m 27;26ESifh ,mukyf 2;10)/ ¤if;rSm usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom; twGuf rjzpfEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\*sL;vlrsKd;pm½Iolrsm;tm; ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;onf/ i,f 21-23 2;22 ti,f 22-23 ü aygvkrnfonfht&mtm; &nfnTef;aMumif;od½Sd&ef cufcJonf/ þa&;om; azmfjyrIonf aygvkacwfumv *sL;vlrsKd;trsm;pkESihfrudkufnDojzihf? a,½Iu ynwfawmftm; róJ 5;20-48ü teufjyef jcif;ay;aomyHkpHrsKd;jzifh 0dnmOfa&;&moabm toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ George Ladd onf rdrda&;om;jyKpk onfh A Theology of the New Testament pmtkyfüajymonfrSm ]]bk&m;ocifESifhom xdkufwefonfh *kPfto a&tm; rdrdwdkUtwGufvk,ljcif;? 0dnmOfa&;&mü tjcm;olrsm;\r,m;ESihfjypfrSm;ol enf;wljzpfjcif;? w&m;ol BuD;uJhodkU rdrdwdkUudk,frdr csD;ajr§mufum? bk&m;ocifüom jyK&rnfhqufuyfrItm; rxDrJhjrifjyKjcif;ESifh rdrdwdkU enf;wl tzefqif;cHvlowå0gcsif;wdkUtay: t½Sifociftjzpf jyKrIjcif;wdkUtaMumif;tm; aygvk&nfnTef;ae jcif;jzpf&ayrnf/}} pmrsufESm 505/

2;22]]½kyfwkudk½GHU½Sm}} ykyfodk;aomt&mwpfckqDrS vSnfhxGufoGm;jcif;onf þa0g[m&\t"dyÜg,f&if;jzpfonf/ ]]Adrmefudk azgufxGif;cdk;,loavm}} ¤if;onf rnfonfht&mtm;nTef;qdkaMumif; ordkif;aMumif;t& aocsm rod&aomfvnf; ½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,fjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/

2;23 ]]0g<um;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 0g<um;jcif; - 2;17 üMunfhyg/

2;24 ¤if;udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;\a[½Sm, 52;5 rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ y#dnmOfw&m;tm; apmifhxdef;jcif; aMumifh tpöa&;vlrsKd;tm; bk&m;ocifaumif;csD;ay;jcif;onf (w&m;a[m 27-28)urÇmavmutwGuf oufaowpf&yfjzpfonf/ odkUaomf tpöa&;onf xdky#dnmOfw&m;udk apmifhxdef;jcif; r½SdcJhbl;ojzifh? urÇmonf bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;udkomvQif awGUjrifcJh&onf/ (a,Zausv 36;22-32)/ tpöa&;EkdifiHonf

,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;\ EdkifiHawmftjzpfwnf½Sdaeum? (xGuf? 19;5-6)wpfurÇmvHk;tm; YHWH (xm0&t½Sif bk&m;ocif)udk ,HkMunfvmap&efjzpfonf/ (urÇm 12;3/ {zuf 2;11-3;13) txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREfkyf (Bob)\{0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5 üMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 2;25-29

25oifonf ynwfw&m;udkusifhvQif ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;t m;jzifhtusKd;½Sd\/ odkUaomf ynwfw&m;udk vGefusL;vQif? oif\ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; onf ta&zsm;rvSD;jcif;jzpfoGm;\/ 26odkUjzpfí ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; udkrcHaomolonf ynwfw&m;\awmif;qdkcsufrsm; udk apmifha½SmufvQif? xdkol\ta&zsm;rvSD;jcif; tjzpfudk ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; uJhodkU rSwf,l&vdrfhrnfr[kwfavm/ 27udk,fcE¨mta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk rcHaom olonf ynwfw&m;udkapmihfa½SmufvQif usrf;pmESifht a&zsm;vSD;jcif;½Sdvsufyif? ynwfw&m;udkvGef usL;aomoifhudk w&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnfr[kwfavm/ 28taMumif;rlum; tjyifo@meftm;jzifh ,k'vljzpf aomolonf ,k'vlrSefr[kwfonfenf;wl? tjyifo@mef aoG;om;ü ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf ta&zsm; vSD;jcif;trSefr[kwf/ 29okdUaomf twGif;o@meftm;jzifh ,k' vljzpfaomolonf ,k'vltrSefjzpf\/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onfvnf; usrf;a[mif;w&m;tm;jzifhr [kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmfw&m;tm;jzifh pdwfESvHk; ESifhpyfqdkif\/ olUudkcsD;rGrf;olrSm vlrsm;r[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocifjzpfownf;/

2;25 ]]ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;}} aygvkonf jypfwifa0zefjcif;yHkpHtokH;tEIef; qufvufoHk;aeao;onf/ wpfpHkwpf a,mufaomolu ]]igwdkUon tenf;qHk;taejzifhajym&ygu ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolawG r[kwfaybl;vm;}}[lí ar;cGef;xkwfvmEkdifonf/ (urÇmOD; 17;10-11)/ igwdkUonf tmjA[H\tquftEG,frsm; jzpfMuonf[laom *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU jrwfEdk;vSonfh tqdktm; yGifhvif;pGmESifh &Jwif;pGmjzifh cGgxkwfypfvdkufonf/ (róJ 3;7-10/ a,m[ef 8;31-59)

ygvufpwdkif;vlrsKd;rsm;uvTJvQif tpöa&;\tdrfeD;csif;rsm;tm;vHk; ta&zsm;vSD;Muonf/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; oufoufonf t"dyÜg,fr½SdbJ? rdrd&½Sdxm;aom,HkMunfjcif;tm; qufvufxdef;odrf;jcif;onfomvQif ¤if;\ qdkvdk&if;jzpfonf/ (i,f 26-27/ w&m;a[m 10;16/ 30;6)/ bmoma&;qdkif&m vkyf½dk;vkyfpOftm;vHk; xdkenf; wljzpfonf/ bmoma&;yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\y#dnmOfw&m;üygaom rdrdwdkU\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ab;z,fxm;Muum? ¤if;tm;jzifh &½Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;udkom vdkcsifMuavh½Sdonf/

2;25-26 ]]vQif...vQif...vQif}}/ ¤if;wdkUrSm wwd,wef;pmcRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;? tem*wfumvü vkyf aqmifEkdifacs½Sdjcif;udk nTef;onf/ tcef;BuD; 2 üaygvkajymonfhtaMumif;t&m\aomhcsufrSm emcHjcif;(w&m; a[m 27-30)jzpfaomfvnf; 3;21-31ürl xdkodkUr[kwfacs/ (*vmwd 3)/ emcHjcif;onf u,fwifjcif;\ tusKd;&vm'fjzpfaomfvnf;? aus;Zl;awmfrSm ¤if;\tajccHjzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-10)/ 2;26-27

tcsKdUaomwpfyg;trsKd;om;(*sL;r[kwfol)wdkUonf rdrdwdkU&½Sdaomtvif;w&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIay;Mu ojzifh ajrmfvifhjcif;ay;onf/ (ti,f 26 \tajztjzpf ]][kwfygonf}}tm; arQmfvifhxm;onf)/ ¤if;twGuf or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh ay;Ekdifonfhwpfckwnf;aomOyrmrSm wrefawmf 10 u aumaevdjzpfonf/ olonf bk&m;ocifudkaMumuf½GHUum? *sL;w&m;Z&yfü 0wfjyKoljzpfojzifh þusrf;ydk'fESifh oihfawmfjcif;r½SdvSacs/ *sL;vl rsKd;rsm; u,fwifjcif;&½Sd&efvdktyfaMumif; aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm;twGuf þtcef;i,frsm;rSm trSefyif nDnTwfrQwaomtaMumif;w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf c&pfawmfrygvQif 0dnmOfa&;&maysmufqHk;

olrsm;jzpfaMumif; a&mr 3;23ü tusOf;csLHUazmfjyonf/ zefqif;jcif;ESifh twGif;tZöKwåo@mefü½Sdaom vlYusihf 0wfqdkif&mtodtjriftwdkif; touf½Sifolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;½SdcJhrnfqdkvQif? olwdkUon c&pfawmftm; wHkUjyef Ekdif&ef tcGifhaumif;wpHkw&mtm;? enf;vrf;wrsKd;rsKd;jzifh? wpfcsdefcsdefwGif bk&m;ocifjyifqifay;vdrfhrnf/ 2;28-29 ]],k'vlrSefr[kwf...,k'vltrSefjzpf\/}} þtcsufrSm tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ taMumif;rSm acwf opf"r®ynm½SiftkyfpktcsKdUonf "r®a[mif;acwfu bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;awmfESihf "r®opfacwfu bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;udk cGJjcm;Ekdif&ef tm;xkwfMuonf/ y#dnmOfwpfrsKd;ESifh vlrsKd;awmfwpfrsKd;omvQif½Sdonf/ (a&mr 9;6/ *vmwd 3;7-9?29/ 6;16/ 1ay 3;6)/ y#dnmOfw&m;topf[lonf y#dnmOfw&m;ta[mif; wdk;wufum jynfhpHkvmjcif;jzpfNyD;? wpfckaomt&m\tydkif;ESpfydkif;omvQifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;awmf[lonf rsKd;½dk;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhomjzpfonf/ olwdkUonf]]ESvHk;om;vlrsKd;}}jzpfNyD; bmoma&;vkyf½dk; vkyfpOf(0g) vlrsKd;a&;vlrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ aomhcsufrSm rdbr[kwfbJ ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ trSwftom;rSm y#dnmOfw&m;\ trSwftom;r[kwfbJ? ¤if;\ pdwf"mwfomvQif jzpfonf/



]]aoG;om;}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 üMunfhyg/ 2;29 y#dnmOfw&m;\ trSwftom;jzpfaomta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rSm (urÇmOD; 17;14)vlwpfa,mufonf bk&m; ocifxHawmfodkUcsOf;uyf&ef vrf;yGifhaejcif;tm; wifpm;azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ ¤if;tm; wifpm;azmfjyrItrsKd;rsKd;½Sd&m

1/ ESvHk;om;ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (w&m;a[m 10;16/ 30;6/ a,&rd 4;4/ 9;24-25)

2/ em; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (a,&rd 6;10)

3/ EIwfcrf;ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; (xGufajrmuf 6;12?30)/ ynwfw&m;awmf\oabmrSm rnfonfhtcgürS jyifyo@mefqdkif&m Oya'or[kwfcJhbJ? bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\p½kdufESifh uwdawmfrsm;tm; tm'H\om;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;twGuf zGifhjy&mjzpfNyD;? xm0&t½Sifbk&m;ocif (YHWH)ESihf aeYpOfqufpyfum? toufwmajymif;vJoGm;apaomw&m;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ynwfw&m;awmftm; aygvk½IjrifyHk 13;9 üMunfhyg/ 

NASB ]]usrf;a[mif;w&m;tm;jzifh r[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawm fw&m;tm;jzifh? pdwfESvHk;ESihfpyfqdkif\/}}

NKJV ]]usrf;a[mif;txJr[kwfbJ? 0dnmOf awmftxJ pdwfESvHk;ESifhqkdif\/}}

NRSV ]]pdwfESvHk;ESifhqdkifaomt&mjzpf\/ ¤if;onf yuwdtwdkif;r[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfa&;&mjzpfonf/}}

TEV ]]¤if;onf usrf;a[mif;w&m;r[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif \0dnmOfawmf tvkyfvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/}}

NJB ]]usrf;a[mif;w&m;r[kwfbJ? pdwfESvHk;xJ 0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifonf/}}

þpum;pkonf *&dusrf;ü t"dyÜg,froJuGJacs/ tcsKdUbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü ¤if;udk0dnmOfa&;ESifh aoG;om; ZmwdwdkY \qefUusifbufjzpfaeyHktm; &nfnTef;csuftjzpf ,lxm;Muonf/ (NRSV, The Twentieth Century

New Testament, Knox\bmomjyefusrf;? Peshitta u Lamsa bmomjyefusrf;? Williams \bmom jyefusrf;ESifh New Berkeley Version)/ tjcm;aombmomjyefusrf;rsm;onf oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh (&;6/ 2aum 3;6 wdkUü tvm;wlzGJUpnf;yHkrsKd;wpfc awGU&onf) tu©pmvHk;jzifha&; aomusrf;pm (NASB, NKJV, NEB, NIV ESifhTEV pojzifh) wdkU\ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;tjzpf ½IjrifMuonf/ The Jerome Biblical

Commentary ac: teufzGifhusrf;\pmrsufESm 299ü 2aum 3;6 udktajcjyKum? ¤if;onf y#dnmOfw&m; a[mif;ESifh y#dnmOfw&m;topfwdkUtm; &nfnTef;aomaygvk\wifpm;rI ta&;tom;rsKd;jzpfNyD;? yxrazmfjy

csufonf jyifyo@mefjzpfaom ynwfw&m;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,azmfjycsufonf topfaomtwGif;pdwfo@mef ESifh 0dnmOfawmfacwfopfü oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfay;onfh topfaom0dnmOfjzpfonf[kqdkygonf/ tcsKdUaomwpfyg;trsKd;om;wdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ociftm; auseyfrIjyK aumif;jyKEkdifMuaMumif; aygvkaqG;aEG;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&mrSefuefcJhrnfqdkvQif?

cE¨mudk,fta&zsm; udkomvSD;olrsm;(*vmwdNrdKUom;rsm;)xuf bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkonf vlrsKd;EG,f*sL;rsm;xuf ydkrdkus,fjyefU onf/ (urÇmOD; 3;15/ 12;3/ xGufajrmuf 19;5)/ a,mb? arvcdaZ'uf? a,oa&m? umvuf? &mcyfESifh ½kowdkUrSm *sL;vlrsKd;r[kwfMuacs/ {z&drfESifh rema½StrsKd;rsm;onfyifvQif tD*spftrsKd;wpfydkif;jzpfMuonf/ (urÇm 41;50-52)/ aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifhoefU½Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;a&;om; olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaomþar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/

1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ opömrJhjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudk rnfodkUxdcdkufoenf;? (3;3-4)

2/ *sL;jzpf&jcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\a½SUarSmufawmfü tusKd;aus;Zl;wpHkw&m½Sdygovm;? (3;1-8)

3/ a0zefjypfwifpm (diatribe)[lonf tb,fenf;?

4/ a&mr 3;5-8 twGif; a0zefjypfwifpm\t"dutcsufrSm tb,fenf;?

5/ vkyfaqmifrIrygbJ? aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&ygu vlonf rnfodkU wm0efodpGm touf½Sifoenf;?

6/ vHk;0OókHysufpD;jcif; (total depravity)[laom "r®oabmw&m;rSm tb,fenf;? (3;10-18)

7/ arma½Synwfw&m;\ a,bk,s&nf½G,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;? (3;20/ *vmwd 3;24-25)

8/ vlom;usqif;jcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh a&mr 1-3 twGif; tb,faMumifh pmwefudk razmfjyoenf;?

9/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\uwdawmfrsm;rSm cRif;csuftm;jzifh avm? odkUr[kwf cRif;csufrJhavm?

10/ (1)*sL;r[kwfolrsm;ESifh (2)*sL;rsm;\b0toufwmü arma½S\ynwfw&m;onf rnfonfh&nf½G,fcsuf½Sd oenf;?

11/ 1;18-3;20 twGif; aygvk\aqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm; pmydk'ftvdkuf? rdrdpum;vHk;jzifh tusOf;csKHUa&;yg/

UBS 4

a&mr 3

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;

NKJV NRSV TEV NJB

*sL;rsm;ESihfynwfawmf bk&m;ocif\w&m; *sL;jzpf&jcif; *sL;rsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\ (2;17- 3;8) pD&ifjcif;udkumuG,f \tusKd; ynwfawmf uwdawmfrsm;onf 3;1-8 ajymqdkjcif; 3;1-8 (2;17-3;8) olwdkUudk u,frnf 3;1-4 r[kwf 3;5-6 3;7-8 3;1-8

ajzmifhrwfolr½Sd tm;vHk;tjypfjyKNyD tm;vHk;tjypf½Sd ajzmifhrwfolr½Sd tm;vHk;tjypf½Sd 3;9-20 3;9-20 3;9-18 3;9-18 3;9-18 3;19-20 3;19-20 3;19-20 ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ppfrSefaom bk&m;ocifonf bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif; bk&m;ocif\ajzmifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; vludk ajzmifhrwf w&m;pD&ifrItm; rwfjcif; apyHk zGifhjyjcif; 3;21-26 3;21-26 3;21-26 3;21-26

0g<um;p&mz,f½Sm; 0g<um;p&mz,f½Sm; ,HkMunfjcif;tvkyf 3;27-31 3;27-31 3;27-31 3;27-31 3;27-31

ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; tausmhoHk;(pm- xi ü½I) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif; ¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm; &efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\taMumif; t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif; t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmydk'f

wwd, pmydk'f

... pojzifh

usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ ti,f 1-8 onf taMumif;t&mcsif; qufpyfaomfvnf; aygvkonf tjiif;tcHkjyKol wpfa,muf½Sdav [efyHkpHjzifh a&;om;jcif;enf;oHk;aomaMumifh ol\wwåaA'tm; od½Sd&efcufcJonf/

c/ 2;17-29 tm; *sL;vlrsKd;tcsKdUrnfuJhodkU wHkUjyefEkdifaMumif;tay: aygvkvufOD;rI,lvdkufonfESifh wlyg onf/ xkdUaMumifh olwdkUjyKrnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk oltajzay;xm;onf/ (Corley, VaughanwdkU\ Romans pm 37-39)

1/ yxrar;cGef;/ *sL;rsm;twGuf trSefyiftusKd;rJhaeoavm? (i,f 1-2)

2/ 'kwd,ar;cGef;/ tcsKdUaom*sL;rsm;opömr½Sdjcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocifajympum;rsm; tusKd;rJhjzpfoGm;o avm? (i,f 3-4)

3/ wwd,ar;cGef;/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdtusifhp½dkuftm;zGifhjy&ef *sL;rsm;udkoHk;cJhonfqdkvQif? *sL;wdkU onf w&m;a&;oabmt& wm0ef½SdaeMuao;ygovm;? (i,f 5-8)

*/ ed*Hk;twGuf 2;11udk jyef,lonf/ bk&m;ocifü rsufESmvdkufjcif;r½Sdacs/ vlom;wdkif;onf rdrdwdkU&½Sdonfh tvif;w&m;(obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyjcif;^txl;zGifhjyjcif;)ESifh wvJTpDtouf½SifaeMujcif;twGuf wm0ef½SdMuonf/

C/ ti,f 9-18ü *sL;rsm;\tjypfrsm;udk aMumfjimaom"r®a[mif;usrf;rsm;yg½Sdonf/

i/ ti,f 19-20onf tpöa&;\0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaeESifh "r®a[mif;usrf;\&nf½G,fcsufudk tusOf;csLHU azmfjyonf/ (*vmwd 3)

p/ ti,f 21-31onf 1;18-3;20tm; tusOf;csLHUonf/ ¤if;wdkUrSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ yxrOD;qHk;aom"r®oabmw&m;jzpfonf/ (a&mrMo0g'pm rdwfquf acgif;pOfatmufu ]]t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; tusOf;csKyf}}pmüMunfhyg/)

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ /3;1-8 1odkUjzpfvQif ,k'vlwdkUü rnfonfhtusKd;xl;½Sdoenf; ? odkUr[kwf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf rnfonfh tusKd;½Sdoenf; ? 2taxGaxGaom tusKd;rsm;pGm½Sdonf/ yx rOD;qHk;taejzifh bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwf awmfrsm;udk olwdkUtm;tyfxm;onf/ 3odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf; ? tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf r,HkMunfcJh Muygu? olwdkU\r,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;o cif\opömawmfudk y,fzsufvdrfhrnfavm ? 4xdkodkU rnf onfhtcgürQrjzpfEkdif ! xdkodkUjzpfrnfhtpm;? vlwdkif;rkomajymMua omfvnf; rdefUawmfrl&mü ajzmifhrwf um? w&m;pD&if&mü atmifjrifapownf;[lí usrf; pmvmonfESifhtnD? bk&m;ocifum;? rSefuefyg apownf;/ 5odkUaomf oif\rajzmifhrSefjcif;onf bk&m;ocif \ajzmifh rSefawmfrljcif;udk xif½Sm;ay: vGifaponfqdkvQif tb,fodk Uajym&vdrfhrnfenf; ? trsufawmfxGufum? 'Pfay;awmfrlol bk&m;ocif onf rajzmifhrSefoavm ?(igonf vlom;oHk;aoma0g[m&jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf) 6rnfonfhtcgürS xdkodkYrjzpfEkdif ! xdkodkUjzpfvQifrl bk&m;ocifonf avmuudk rnfodkUw&m;pD&ifvdrfhrnfenf; ? 7odkUaomf ig\rkomonf bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;tm; wdk;yGg;apu m? bkef;awmfxif½Sm;aponfrSefvQif? igonf tjypfom;wpfa,muftjzpf tb,faMumifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&ao;oenf; ? 8xdkUjyif (xdkodkU igwdkY ajymonf[k vltcsKdUwdkUonfuJh&JUum ajymaeMuonfenf; wl)]]aumif;aomt&mjzpfvmap&ef raumif;

aomt&mjyKMuukeftHh}}[k

tb,faMumifh rajymMuoenf; ? olwdkUonf trSefyifjypf'PfpD&ifjcif; cHxdkufay\/

3;1 ]]*sL;vlrsKd;wdkUü rnfonfhtusKd;xl;½Sdoenf; ? }} aygvkonf olajymvdkaomtaMumif;t&mtm; azmfjy&mü jypfwifa0zefpmyHkpH(0g) jiif;cHkolwpfa,mufa,muf½Sdaeav[efjzifh a&;aom[efrsKd; qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpf onf/ *sL;rsm;&½SdaomtusKd;xl;pm&if;tm; 3;2ESifh 9;4-5wdkUü Munfhyg/ þusrf;ydk'fü tcef;BuD;9-11 twGif; aygvktus,fw0ifhazmfjyonf/

3;2 ]]yxrOD;pGm}} aygvku ti,f 1;8ü ]]yxrOD;pGm}}[lí ajymaomfvnf; 'kwd,tcsuf[lí razmfjycJhacs/ þae&müvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ aygvka&;om;onfh taMumif;t&mrSm jyif;xefonfhtjyif? ac:ay;í a&;om;apjcif;jzpf&um? ol\o'´gzGJUpnf;yHkrSm rMumcP rjynfhrpHkjzpfavh½Sdonf/

]]bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmfrsm;udk olwdkUtm;tyfxm;onf}}

bk&m;ocif\zGifhjyawmfrlrIrsm;tm; vufcH& ½Sdjcif;onf BuD;us,fvSaomtcGifhxl;wpf&yfjzpfonfenf;wl tHhMoxdwfvefUbG,f&m wm0efBuD;wpf&yfvnf; jzpfonf/ (9;4-5)/ olwdkUrSm bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmiftm; xdef;odrf;pDrH&ol b@pdk;rsm;jzpfonf/ (AORIST PASSIVE 1ouf 2;4)/ pum;vHk; (logion-Asm'dwfawmf)udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint(Lxx)ü bk&m;ocifajymaompum; tjzpftoHk;jyKum "r®opfusrf;udkqdkvdkonf/ (awmvnf 24;4? 16/ w&m; 33;9/ qmvH 107;11/ 119;67/ a[½Sm 5;24/ 28;13)/ "r®opfusrf;ü þtjrifjzifh wajy;nDoHk;EIef;onf/ (wref 7;38/ a[ 5;12/ 1ay 4;11)/

3;3 ]]odkUjzpfvQif}} ¤if;onf yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufygaom 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefuefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif; odkYr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 5ESifh7 wdkUonfvnf; tvm;wl 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ ti,f 3ürl ¤if;\o'´goHk;EIef;yHkt& ]]r[kwf}}[laomtajztm; arQmfvifhonf/ 

NASB, NKJV

]]tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf r,HkMunf}} NRSV, NJB ]]tcsKdUaomolwdkUonf opömr½Sd}}

TEV ]]olwdkUtcsKdUonf opömr½SdcJhMu[kqdkvQif}}

¤if;onf tpöa&;vlrsKd;wpfOD;csif;\ (1) opömr½Sdjcif;? odkUr[kwf (2) YHWH (xm0&t½Sif bk&m;ocif) tm; ,HkMunfrIuif;rJhjcif; wpfckcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ bk&m;ocif\ cRif;csufrJhaom uwdawmfrsm; (Oyrm-usqif;aomvlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; a½G;EIwfjcif;)ESifh vlom;\wHkUjyefrIqdkif&m cRif;csufygaomapcdkif; rIrsm;taMumif; ajymjy&efcufcJonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ y#dnmOfw&m;/ 9;4 üMunfhyg/ odkUaomf ¤if;rSm or®musrf;pmenf;usjzpfonf/(3;4-5)/ rdrd\vlrsm;opömr½Sdaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifrSmrl opöm½Sdonfomjzpf \/ (a[ma½S 1?3/ 2wd 2;13)/

]]y,fzsuf}} atmufyg]]txl;taMumif;t&m}}üMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / y,fzsufonf/ uif;rJhaponf ( KATARGEO)

þpum;vHk; (kkatargeŌ)onf aygvkESpfoufaompum;vHk;rsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ olonf ¤if;udk ESpfq,fhig;BudrfcefY oHk;cJhaomfvnf;? tvGefus,fjyefUaoma0g[m& (semantic)jzpfonf/ u/ ¤if;\'@m&DyHkjyifqdkif&m tjrpfrSm argos [líjzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,frSm

1/ rvIyf½Sm;? rwuf<u

ysif;&d

toHk;rjyK

toHk;r0if

5/ tusKd;roufa&muf

c/ aygif;pyfpum;vHk;tjzpf kata ESihfwGJaomtcg t"dyÜg,frSm

1/ rvIyf½Sm;? rwuf<ujcif;

toHk;r0ifjcif;

y,fzsufaomt&m

azsmufzsufypfaomt&m

tusKd;oufa&mufjcif; vHk;0r½Sdaomt&m

¤if;udk vkumxJü toD;rJhjcif;tm;azmfjy&ef wpfcgoHk;onf/ xdkUaMumifh toHk;r0ifaomtyif[lí jzpfonf/ (vkum 13;7)/

C/ aygvkonf ¤if;tm; wifpm;jcif;tjzpf t"dutm;jzifh toHk;jyKjcif;ESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/ 1/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; &efbufjyKaomt&mrsm;udk tusKd;roufa&mufap&efvkyfjcif; (u) vlom;\tjypf½Sdjcif; obm0 a&mr 6;6 (c) ]]trsKd;tEG,fawmf}}(the seed)ESifhqdkifaom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;ESihfpyfqdkifonfh arma½S\ynwfusrf;- a&m 4;14/ *vmwd 3;17/ 5;4?11/ {zuf 2;15/ (*) txGuftjrwftmPmwefcdk;rsm; (spiritual forces)- 1aum 15;24 (C) t"r®vl 2ouf 2;8 (i) cE¨mudk,faoqHk;jcif; - 1aum 15;26/ 2wd 1;16/ (a[NAJ 2;14) 2/ ta[mif; (y#dnmOfw&m;? acwfumv) udk topfjzifhtpm;xdk; (u) arma½S\ynwfcsufqdkif&mrsm; - a&mr 3;3?31/ 4;14/ 2aum 3;7?11?13?14/ (c) xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;taMumif;jzifh ynwfw&m;tm; ½Sif;vif;jcif; - a&mr 7;2? 6/ (*) ,ckacwfumvESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm; - 1aum 13;8?10?11

(C) þudk,fcE¨m - 1aum 6;13 (i) ,ckacwfumvacgif;aqmifrsm; - 1aum 1;28/ 2;6 þpum;vHk;udk trsKd;rsKd;bmomjyefMuaomfvnf; ¤if;\t"dut"dyÜg,frSm wpfpHkwpfcktm; oHk;r&jzpfoGm; aponf/ y,fzsufí uif;rJhoGm;aponf/ tusKd;oufa&mufjcif;r½Sd jzpfoGm;aponf/ wefcdk;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf [líjzpfonf/ odkUaomf rwnf½Sdjcif;? zsufqD;jcif;(0g)tpazsmufypfvkdufjcif; oabmum;roufa&mufacs/

 ]]bk&m;ocif\opömawmf}} þor®mw&m;rSm (1aum 1;9/ 10;13/ 2aum 1;18) bk&m;ocifonf atmufygt&mrsm;tm; (w&m; 7;9/ a[½Sm 49;7),HkMunfudk;pm;jyKjcif;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonf/ 1/ rajymif;rvJaomp½dkufrsm;

2/ xm0&uwdawmfrsm; udk,fawmfonf zefqif;jcif;? zGihfjyjcif;(Asm'dwfawmf)? y#dnmOfw&m;ESifh ar½Sd,tm;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrd zGifhhjy awmfrlonf/ vlom;rsm;rnfrQyif opömrJhaeaomfvnf; udk,fawmfrSmrlopömwnfNrJwnfaeonf! (2wd 2;13)/

3;4

NASB ]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpfEkdifyg}}

NKJV, TEV ]]rjzpfEkdifaMumif; aocsmonf}}

NRSV ]]rnfonfhenf;ESihfrQ rjzpfEkdif}}

NJB ]]t"dyÜg,fr½Sdaom pum;jzpfvdrfhrnf}} ¤if;onf toHk;enf;aom OPTATIVE MOOD jzpfNyD; qE´wpfck(0g)qkawmif;csufwpfcktm; azmfjyjcif;jzpf ojzihf]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpfEkdifacs}}[lí bmomjyef&ayrnf/ ¤if;onf a[NAJtD'D,HwpfckESifh vnf; qifwlEkdifonf/ ]]aMumufvefUbG,f&mr,HkMunfrI}}/ þpum;pkudk aygvkrMumcPtoHk;jyKonf/ taMumif;rSm tjiif;tcHkjyKolwpfa,mufa,muf½Sdav[efjzifh a&;onfhjypfwifa0zefpmyHkpHrSm ol\pma&;[efyifjzpfonf/ (3;4?6?31/ 6;2?15/ 7;7?13/ 9;14/ 11;1/ 1aum 6;15/ *vmwd 2;17/ 3;21/ 6;14)þonfrSm twnf ajymqdkcsufwpf&yftm; tav;teufjyKum? jiif;qefjcif;jyKae[e ol\pma&;enf;jzpf onf/ ½Sdaeav[efjyKaom jiif;qefol\ar;cGef;rsm;ESifhtqdkrsm;tm; aygvkjiif;qefjcif;yHkpHudkvnf; rSwfom;yg/ 1/ ]]xdkodkU rnfonfhtcgürS jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwf}}/ i,f 4?6

2/ ]]vlwdkif;rkomajymMuaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocifum; rSefuefygapownf;}} i,f 4 3/ ]](vlom;\a0g[m&jzifh igajymaejcif;jzpfonf)}} i,f? 5 4/ ]](igwdkUajymonf[k vltcsKdUuJh&JUajymMuonfenf;wl)}} i,f? 8

]]vlwdkif; rkomajymMuaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocifum; rSefuefygapownf;}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVEjzpfonf/ þyHkpHo'´gzGJUpnf;rIrSm taMumif;t&mwpfck qufvufjzpfay:aejcif;udk tajcjyKonf/ bk&m;ocifonf opöm½Sdum? rSefuefonf (txl;taMumif;t&m-1;18 üMunfhyg)/ vlom;rsm;onf opömrJhNyD;? vdrfnmolrsm;jzpfMuonf? ¤if;onf qmvH 116;11 tm; &nfnTef;csufwpfckjzpfNyD;? a,mbod½SdcJhonfht&m ESifhvnf;qifwlonf/ 32;2/ 40;8/ wpfavmuvHk;tjypf½Sdjcif;taMumif;tm; pas (wdkif;? tm;vHk;)pum;vHk;toHk;jyKum aygvkwifjyxm; aomfvnf; i,f 4? 9? 12? 19? 20? 23?24 bk&m;ocifonf wavmuvHk;tm; u,fwifjcif; ay;aejcif;aMumifh (3;22) udk,fawmftm; csD;rGrf;&aMumif; rSwfom;yg/ ]]usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD}} twdtusrSm ]]a&;om;cJhNyD;jzpfum? qufvufa&;om;jcif;cHaeonf}}[líjzpf onf/ ¤if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVEjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm or®musrf;udk bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmf rljcif;jzpfaMumif;ajym&ef toHk;tEIef;jzpfvmonf/(róJ 5;17-19)/ ¤if;onf *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint (LXX) rSvmaom qmvH 51;4 udk owd&aponf/ 3;5-6 þtcef;i,frsm;xJ aygvk\azmfjyrIrsm;onf wavmuvHk;tm; qufoG,f&efenf;vrf;tjzpf bk&m; ocifonf tpöa&;tm; txl;a½G;cs,faMumif; ajymjyonf/ (urÇm 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6)/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]]a½G;cs,frI}}onf txl;tcGifhta&;wpf&yfr[kwfbJ? trIaqmif½Gufjcif;udknTef;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkU ESifhy#dnmOfw&m;wpfckjyKonf/ bk&m;ocifrSm uwdopömwnfonf/ olwdkUü opömw&m;r½Sdacs/ (ae[ 9)/

opömrJhaomtpöa&;tm; bk&m;ocifw&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;onf udk,fawmfajzmifhrwfaMumif; taxmuftxm; jzpfonf/ tpöa&;rSm *sL;r[kwfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm;qufoG,f&ef bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ olwdkU ysufuGufcJhMuonf (3;24)! tpöa&;ysufuGufcJhjcif;aMumif; wpfavmuvHk;tm;u,fwif&ef bk&m;ocif\ &nf½G,fcsufrxdcdkufacs/(urÇm 3;15)/ trSefrSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\rlvy#dnOfw&m;tay: uwdopöm wnfrItm; a&mr 9-11ü twnfjyKonf/ r,HkMunfoltpöa&;rsm;onf jiif;y,fcHMuaomfvnf;? ,HkMunfol tpöa&;rsm;onf a½G;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m bk&m;ocif\tpDtpOftm; NyD;qHk;oGm;apMuvdrfhrnf/ aygvk\ i,f 5-6u a0zefpmonf i,f 7-8ESifhwlonf/

3;5 ]]vQif}} ¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefuefonf[k ,lqxm; onfh(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 3 ESifh 7 wdkUonfvnf; yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/

]]igwdkU\rajzmifhrwfrIonf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhr wfawmfrljcif;udk ay:vGifxif½Sm;aponf}} ]]igwdkU}} [laomemrfpm;onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vHk;tm; jcHKí&nfnTef;jcif;jzpf&ayrnf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17ü Munfhyg/

]]tb,fodkUajym&vdrfhrnfenf;}} aygvkonf a0zefpm[efrsKd;yif qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (3;5/ 7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14?39)/ aygvkonf jiif;cHkol½Sdaeav[efrsKd;oHk;um? rdrd\wifjycsufudk ½Sif;vif;csufay;ae jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmvcd 1;2?6?7?12?13/ 2;14?17 (2 cg)/ 3;7?13?14)/



NASB ]](igonf vlom;oHk;aom a0g[m&rs m;jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf)}}

NKJV ]](igonf vlwpfa,mufuJhodkU ajymonf)}}

NRSV ]](igonf vlwpfa,mufpum;ajy mjcif;rsKd;jzifh ajymonf)}}

TEV ]](igonf þae&mü vluJhodkU ajymonf)}}

NJB ]]...vlwpfa,muf\cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif; yHkpHrsKd;oHk;onf...}} aygvkonf rdrd\ "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m tusKd;tjypfazmfjyrIrsm;ü vl\wuúaA'ynmudk oHk;avh½Sdonf/ (6;19/ 1aum 9;8/ *vmwd 3;15)þae&mü ¤if;onfjiif;cHkol\acsyrIrsm;udk jiif;qefjcif; tjzpfoHk;onf/

3;7-8 ti,f 5 ESifh 7wdkUü ay:vGifonfhqifwlrI½Sdonf/ (ESpfckpvHk; ei dei ESihfponf)/ aygvkonf atmuf ygwdkYteuf wpfckckjzpfonf/

1/ jiif;qefolwpfa,muf½Sdav[efjzifh? a0zefpma&;[efrsKd; qufvufoHk;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (3;5? 7/ 7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14? 30)

2/ ,HkMunfjcif;wpfckwnf;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufonfqdkaom ol\a[mMum;rItm; a0zefol rsm;udkwHkUjyefjcif;/ (i,f 8) aygvkonf tqdkygpGyfpGJrIudk tao;pdwf½Sif;vif;jcif;(0g) ajzqdkjcif;rjyKbJ?tqdkygpGyfpGJrIudk jyif;xefpGm jypfwifonf/ xdkufwefrI½Sdír[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½SdrIonf bk&m;w&m;rJhrI rsm;(0g)opömrJhaomremcHrIrsm; jzpfyGg;aprnf[kqdkum? jiif;qefjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfonf

topfaompdwfESvHk;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufaomtoufwm ydkifqdkifjcif;rSwqifh c&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwlvmapvdrfhrnf [kaygvk,HkMunfonf! *sL;rsm;? *&dudk,fusihfw&m;orm;rsm;ESihfaygvk tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf rdrdwdkUaMumifh ajymif;vJvmolwdkUudk udk,fusihfw&m;ESifhavsmfnDpGm touf½SifapvdkMuonfomjzpf\! odkUaomf ¤if;onf vl\jyify½Sd Oya'owpfckESifhtnD usifhMuHjyKrljcif;tm;jzifhr&½SdbJ? topfaompdwfESvHk;? topfaomtwGif; 0dnmOftm;jzifhom&½Sdonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-36)/

]]vQif}} ¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD; (ti,f 3 ESihf 5) pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefonf[k ,lqonf (0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/

]]wdk;yGg;aponf}} txl;taMumif;t&m -15;13 üMunfhyg/

]]bkef;awmf}} 3;23 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 3;9-18 9odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf; ? igwdkUonf olwdkUxufomoavm ? vHk;0omonfr[kwf/ taMumif; rlum; ,k'vlrsKd;? *&dvlrsKd;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;onf tjypfvufatmufü tm;vHk;½SdMuo nf[k igwdkUqdkcJhMuNyD/ 10usrf;pmvmonfum; ]]ajzmifhrwfa omolr½Sd? wpfa,mufrQr½Sd/ 11em;vnfaom olr½Sd? bk&m;ocifudk ½Smaomolr½Sd/ 12tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf vrf;vTJcJhMuNyD? t wlwlcsnf;yif oHk;r&aomolrsm;jzpfaeMu NyD/ aumif;aomt&mjyKolr½Sd? wpfa,mufrQr½Sd/ 13olwdkY\vnfacsmif;onf zGifhxm;aomocsFKdif;wGif; jzpf\/ olwdkY\vQmjzifh qufvufvSnfhpm;Muonf/ a> rqdk;tqdyfonf olwdkUEIwfcrf;atmufü½Sd\/ 14olwdkU\EIwfonf BudrfqJjcif;? cg;onf;jcif;ESifhhjynfh\/ 15olwdkU\ajconf taoG;oGef;&ef vsifjref onf/ 16olwdkU oGm;&mvrf;ü zsufpD;jcif ;ESifh BuD;pGmaom'ku©qif;&J½Sd\/ 17Nidrfoufjcif;vrf;udk olwdkU rod½SdMu/ 18olwdkU\rsufvHk;rsm;ü bk&m;ocif tm; aMumuf½GHUjcif;ray:acs/

3;9 ]]igwdkUonf olwdkUxufomoavm}} þtcsufü o'´gzGJUpnf;yHkrSm oJuGJjcif;r½Sdacs/ þusrf;ydk'f\ t"duor®mw&m;rSm vlom;wpf&yfvHk;\ vdktyfcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfjzpfonf[laom tcsufjzpf \/(3;9? 19? 23/ 11;32/ *vmwd 3;22)/ odkUaomf &nfnTef;&mtwdtusrSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;avm (aygvkESifh olUtrsKd;) odkUwnf;r[kwf c&pf,mefrsm; (aygvkESifhbk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfcHpm;&ol ,HkMunfolrsm;)avm qdkonfrSm raocsmacs/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf tusKd;aus;Zl;;ydkí cHpm;cJhMuaomfvnf; (i,f1-2/ 9;4-5) ¤if; omvGefaomtusKd;aus;Zl;on ¤if;wdkU\wm0ef ydkrdkBuD;rm;oGm;aponf (vkum 12;48)/ vlom;tm;vHk; 0dnmOfa&;&mü vrf;aysmufaeMuum? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfrSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUtwGuf vdktyfonf/ ]]ydkíomonf-better}}qdkaoma0g[m&udk usrf;pmynm½Sif tenf;pkwdkUonf

MIDDLE xuf PASSIVE VOICE (tjyKcHBud,m)tjzpf em;vnfMuonf/ odkUjzifh ¤if;rSm ]]omvGefapjcif; cH&onf}}(0g)]]tusKd;rJhapjcif; cH&onf}}[lí jzpfvmonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmrSm aygvka&;aompmrsm;teuf a'oEÅ&qdkif&mMum;ae oabmtqefqHk;jzpfonf[k qdkMu avh½Sdonf/ aygvkay;pmtrsm;pkonf a'oEÅ&wpfckck\vdktyfrI(0g) ta&;BuD;taMumif;t&mwpfckckaMumifh a&;jcif;jzpfavh½Sdonf/ a&mrNrdKU toif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol*sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ,HkMunfolwpfyg; trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; remvdkrIonf tcef;BuD; 1-3 ESifh 9-11wdkU\ aemufcHtaMumif;t&mjzpfEkdifonf/



]]taMumif;rlum; ,k'vlrsKd;? *&dvlrsKd;ESpf rsKd;pvHk;onf tjypfvufatmufü tm;vHk;½SdaeMuonf[k igwdkUqdkcJhMuNyD}}/ þBud,m (AORIST MIDDLE [deponent] INDICATIVE)udk "r®opfusrf;ü þae&müomvQif awGU&onf/ aygvkonf 1;18? 2;29u rdrdajymcJhonfh taMumif;t&mtm; qufvuf&nfnTef;aejcif;jzpfonf/



]]tjypfvufatmufu}} aygvkonf]]tjypf}} (Jerome Biblical Commentary, p.300)tm; usqif;aom vlom;rsKd;EG,ftay: tkyfpdk;aeonfhaumuf uspfpOf;vJaom uRefacgif;wpfa,muftvm; wifpm;xm;onf/ (6;16-23)

3;10-18]]usrf;pmvmonfum;}} þpum;pkudk tcef;i,f4 üvnf;awGU&onf/ atmufyg"r®a[mif;usrf; azmfjycsufrsm;rSm vlom;\usqif;rI tav;teufjyK&ef vl\udk,ft*Fgrsm;jzifh wifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/

1/ i,f 10-12/ a' 7;20 (0g) qmvH 14;1-3

2/ i,f 13/ qmvH 5;9 ESihf 140;3

3/ i,f 14/ qmvH 10;7

4/ i,f 15-17/ a[½Sm 59;7-8 ESifh okwåH

5/ i,f 18/ qmvH 36;1 aygvku a[½Sm 53;6 tm; roHk;onfrSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 3;19-20

19ynwfw&m;ajymorQpum;wdkUonf ynwfw&m;vufatm ufü ½Sdaeolrsm;tm; ajymjcif;jzpf aMumif; igwdkUonfodMu\/ EIwftm;vHk;ydwfypfjcif ;cHum avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ociftay: wm 0ef½Sdolrsm;jzpfvmaponf/ 20ynwfw&m;\tusifhtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifa½SUawmfü tb,folrQ ajzmifh rwf&modkUra&muf&m/ taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m; rSwpfqifh 'kp½dkuftjypfudk od½Sd&Mu\/

3;19 ]]igwdkUonf odMu\}} 2;2 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/

]]ynwfw&m;awmf}} þusrf;ydk'fü þpum;vHk;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;wpfckvHk;tm; &nfnTef;jcif; jzpf&yg rnf/ (i,f 21)/ taMumif;rSm ti,f 10-18 twGif; ynwfawmfusrf;ac: "r®a[mif;usrf;\ yxrqHk;usrf; ig;usrf;xJu wpfcsufudkrS owfowfrSwfrSwfazmfjyjcif; r½Sdíjzpfonf/ aygvkonf]]tjypf}}enf;wl(6;16-23)

ouf½Sdvl om;uJhodkU wifpm;azmfjyonf/

]]ynwfw&m;vufatmufü½Sdaeolrsm;}} þpum;onf ajymif;vJjcif;&½Sdol *sL;vlrsKd;ESifhwpfyg; trsKd; om;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ &nfnTef;toHk;jyKaom "r®a[mif;usrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;onf wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm; tm; ajymqdk&nfnTef;onfrSefaomfvnf; vlom;tm;vHk;tjypf½SdMuonf/ tjypftukodkvfom;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ (3;23)!



NASB ]]EIwftm;vHk; ydwfypfjcif;cHum? avmuDom; tm;vHk; ocifbk&m;ay: wm0ef½Sdolrsm; jzpfvm Muaponf/}}

NKJV ]]EIwftm;vHk; &yfwHhapjcif;cHum? avmuDom; tm;vHk; bk&m;ocifha½SUawmfü tjypf½Sdolrsm; jzpfvmMu\/}}

NRSV ]]EIwftm;vHk; wdwfqdwfapjcif;cHum? avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ocifay: wm0ef½Sdolrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/}}

TEV ]]vlom;\qifajctm;vHk; &yfwHhum? avmuDom;tm; vHk; bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifrIatmufü ydkYaqmifonf/}}

NJB ]]odkUaomf ¤if;onf vlwdkif;tm; wdwfqdwfoGm;apum? avmuDom;tm;vHk; bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; cH&rnfholrsm;jzpfvmaponf/}}

¤if;rSm 1;18- 3;20 tm; tusO f;csLHUxm;onfh t"duOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/

]]EIwftm;vHk;}} ti,f 19-20 twGif; vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;tm; &nfnTef;onfhpum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;½Sdyg onf/



1/ ]]EIwftm;vHk;}} i,f 19

2/ ]]avmuDom; tm;vHk;}} i,f - 19

3/ ]]b,folrQ}}(ZmwdaoG;om;)- i,f 20

3;20]]ynwfw&m;\tusifhtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifha ½SUawmfü

tb,folrQajzmifhrwf&modkUra&muf&m}} ¤if;onf qmvH 143;2 tm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfckjzpfonf/ (a,mb 4;17/ 9;2/ 25;4/ qmvH 130;3/ okwåH 20;9/ a' 7;20/ 3"r® 8;46/ 2&m 6;36)/ odkUaomf tzGifhpum;pkwpfck aygif;xnfhxm;ygonf/ ¤if;rSm aygvka[monfh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ t"dursufESmpmjzpfonf/ (*vmwd 2;16/ 3;11)/ aygvkonf qufuyfonfh zg&d½SJ(bmoma&;orm;)wpfOD;yDyD bmoma&;pdwftm;xufoefrIESihf xdkufwefrI&½Sdap&ef vkyf aqmifrIwdkUonf twGif;Nidrfoufjcif;tm; aqmifMuOf;ay;Edkifjcif;r½SdaMumif; aumif;rGefpGmod½Sdxm;ygonf/ ]]ZmwdaoG;om;taMumif;}}txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 üMunfhyg/

NASB, NRSV

]]ynwfw&m;rS wqifhtjypfw&m;udk od½Sd&\}} NKJV

TEV

NJB

]]taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh tjypfw&m;udk od½Sd&\}}

]]ynwfw&m;vkyfonfht&mrSm vlonf tjypfjyKcJhNyD;jzpfaMumif;tm; od½Sdap&ef jzpfonf/}}

]]ynwfw&m;\wpfckwnf;aomtvkyfrSm tjypf½Sdaomt&mrSm rnfonfht&mjzpf aMumif; igwdkUudkajymjy&efjzpfonf/}}

¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;\&nf½G,fcsufrsm;teuf wpfckjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 13;9 ü Munfhyg/ ¤if;onf usqif;cJhNyDjzpfaom vlom;xH u,fwifjcif;,laqmifvmap&ef &nf½G,fcsufr½SdcJhbl;acs/ ¤if;\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm tjypf½SdaMumif;zGifhjyum? vlom;tm;vHk;tm; t½Sifxm0&bk&m;ocif YHWH xHawmfodkU armif;ydkU&efjzpfonf/ (4;15/ 5;13? 20/ 7;7/ *vmwd 3;19-22? 23-29)/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGifwm0ef½Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf; a&;om; olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/

1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ opömrJhjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudk rnfodkUxdddcdkufoenf;? (3;3-4)

2/ *sL;vlrsKd;jzpf&jcif;aMumifh tusKd;aus;Zl; wpHkw&m½Sdygovm;? (3;1-8)

3/ a0zefjypfwifaompm (diatribe)[lonf tb,fenf;? (i,f 5-8)

4/ vkyfaqmifrIrygbJ? aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&ygu vlonf rnfodkUwm0efodwwfpGm touf½Sifoenf;? (3;8)

5/ vHk;0OókHysufpD;jcif;[laom "r®oabmw&m;(uJvfAift,l0g')tm; t"dyÜg,fzGihfqdkyg/ (3;10-18)

6/ arma½S\ynwfw&m; a,bk,s&nf½G,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;? (3;20/ *vmwd 3;24-25)

7/ vlom;usqif;jcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh a&mr 1-3twGif; tb,fhaMumifh pmwefudkrabmfjy oenf;?

a&mrMo0g'pm 3;21-31 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif; u/ a&mr 3;21-31

1/ 1;18- 3;20tm; tpGrf;ukeftusOf;csLHUjcif; 2/ 1;16-17\qdkvdkcsuf

3/ tcef;BuD; 4-8(txl;ojzifh 3;28)\rdwfquf

c/ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&müwnfapjcif; Mo0g'\tpGrf;ukef tusOf;csLHU udk tv,facwf jyefvnfjyifqifa&;orm;rsm;(Reformers rmwifvlomESifh tvm;wl yk*¾dKvfrsm;)u azmfjycJhMuonf/

1/ rmwifvlom - ]]þMo0g'pmESifh or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;\t"dutcsufESihf A[dkcsufrjzpf onf/}}

2/ *RefuJvfAif - ]]c&pfawmftxJü ay:vGifaombk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm; þusrf;ydk'f xuf ydkíxif½Sm;pGm azmfjyaomusrf;csufonf or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;ü r½Sdoavmufjzpf onf/}}

*/ ¤if;onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; c&pf,mefrsm;\"r®oabmw&m; tESpfom&jzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'f tm;em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;jzpfonf/ a,m[ef 3;16 onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; usrf;csufwpfcsufwnf;jzifh azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf enf;wl ¤if;onf pmydk'fESpfydk'fjzifh azmfjyaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm; aygvkwifjyjcif;\ toJESvHk;ESifhtoufjzpfonf/ teufjyefrItwGuf aomhcsufar;cGef;oHk;ckrSm

1/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmf}}[laom a0g[m&onf rnfonfht&mudk qdkvdkoenf;?

2/

]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}[laom pum;pkonf rnfonfht&mudk qdkvdkoenf;?

3/ ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; (faith)ESifh ,HkMunfjcif; (believe)a0g[m&ESpfvHk;wdkUonf rnfonfht&m udkqdkvdkoenf;?

C/ uREkfyfonf ti,f 22 (i,f 29)u ]]tm;vHk;}}qdkaom pum;vHk;ESifh]]vufaqmif}}(5;15?17/ 6;23) qdkonfhpum;vHk;rsm;aMumifh bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifygonf/

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 3;21-26

21,ckrlum; ynwådusrf;ESifhya&mzufusrf;rsm; oufaocHonfESifhtnD ynwfw&m;ESifhrpyfqdkifbJ? bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;onf xif½Sm;ay:vGifvmcJhNyD/ 22¤if;rSm ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfaom? a,½Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rS&½Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;jzpfonf/ 23taMumif;rSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNy Djzpfí bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfudk rrSDMuacs/ 24c&pfawmf a,½ItxJü½Sdaom a½G;EIwfjcif;rSwqifh? aus; Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfapjcif;cHcJh MuNyD/ 25bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmf\taoG;awmftm ; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh tjypfajz&m,Zftjzpf xdkt½Siftm; vlxka½SUarSmufü jyocJhonf/ ¤if;rS m ,cifu usL;vGefcJhNyD;aomtjypfrsm;udk rSwfawmf rrlbJ? onf;cHawmfrl&mü bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ajzmi fhrwfawmfrljcif;tm; ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap&efjzpf onf/ 26ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap&ef[kqdk&mü bk&m;ocifonf a,½Itm;,HkMunfoludk ajzmifhrwfapolESifh (xdkodkYjyK&mü) ajzmifhrwfawmfrlap&ef ,ckvuf½Sdumvü (ay:vGifxif½Sm;aom) ol\ajzmifhrwfawmfrl jcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/

3;21 ]],ckrlum;}} aygvkonf y#dnmOfw&m;a[mif;ESihf y#dnmOfw&m;topf? acwfa[mif;qefUusifykefuefrI ESifh acwfopfajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;wdkUtm; EIdif;,SOfjyaejcif;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh ]],ckvuf½Sdumv}}onf (i,f 26 ESifh]],ckrlum;}} - 6;22/ 7;6)ESif wlnDaomusrf;NydKifrsm;jzpfMuonf/

]]ynwfw&m;ESifh rpyfqdkifaom}} aygvkonf arma½S\ynwådusrf;ud &nfnTef;jcif;avm (NASB) odkYr[kwf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mw&m; (law)tm;vHk;udkjcHKí nTef;jcif;avm(NRSV, TEV, NJB, NIV) þtzGifh tcef;BuD;rsm;xJü aocsmajym&efcufcJonf/ þusrf;csufürl aygvk\ajymyHkrSm *sL;ynwådusrf;tm; &nfnTef; aMumif; taumif;qHk;ajymEkdifonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf csrSwforQ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mESifh vlUtzGJUtpnf; qdkif&mw&m;Oya'(law)rsm;udk pdwftm;jzifhjzpfap? jyifyvkyfaqmifrItm;jzifhjzpfap azgufzsufMuonf/ usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;taejzifh uRefawmfwdkU\jyomemrSm rdrdwdkU\twå? rdrdtwåudk A[dkjyKaompdwfqE´ rsm;(urÇm 3)uvTJvQif rnfonfhvrf;nTefrIudkrS rvdkvm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,aeUacwf taemufwdkif;\ woD;yk*¾v0g'ü txift½Sm;awGU&onf/

NASB

ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}

TEV ]]vlrsm;rdrdESifh rSefuefap&ef bk&m;ocif\enf;vrf;}}

NJB ]]bk&m;ocif\u,fwifaomw&m;rQwrI}}

]]ajzmihfrwfjcif;}}pum;vHk;ü

oD;oefU&nfnTef;rIjyaom(the)ryg½Sdacs/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\p½dkufvu© Pm udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? tjypf½Sdvlom;rsm;tm; tjypfvGwfjcif;ESifh vufoifhcHjcif;enf;vrf;udkajymygonf/ þpum;pkudkyif a&mr 1;16-17\"r®oabmw&m; OD;wnfcsuftjzpfoHk;onf/ ½Sif;vif;pGm zGifhjyxm;onfh ,EÅ&m;rSm vuf0g;uyfwdkifay:wifowfjcif;cHol a,½Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 22? 24-26)

þpum;vHk;(dikaiosonē)ESifh ¤if;rS qif;oufvmaom pum;vHk;rsm;(2;13\rSwfcsufüMunfhyg)rMum cP oHk;yHkudkMunfhvQif ¤if;\t"dyÜg,fjynfh0yHkudkjyonf/ (1;17/ 3;5? 21? 22? 25? 26/ 4;3? 5? 6? 9? 11? 13? 22/ 5;17? 21/ 6;13? 16? 18? 19? 20/ 8;10/ 9;28? 30? 31/ 10;3? 4? 5? 6? 10? 17)/ þ*&da0g[m&rSm ]]pHcsdefwpfck}}(0g)]]wdkif;wmp&musL;pvHk;wpfvHk;}}(1;17 \txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg) tm; wifpm;toHk;jyKonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;pum;vHk;(tsadak)rSvmonf/ xdkpHcsdefrSm bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkifjzpf onf/ þa0g[m&onf usqif;aomvlom;tm; c&pfawmfrSwqifh tcrJhay;onfh bk&m;ocif\p½kduf vu©Pmudk ay:vGifaponf/ (tcef;BuD; 4/ 2aum 5;21)rdrdwdkU\vdktyfrIudk0efcHum? bk&m;ocif\ tcrJh vufaqmiftm;vufcH &efrSm rmeBuD;aom? twåA[dkjyKaomvlom;rsm; txl;ojzifh enf;Oya'oorm;rsm;? bmoma&;orm;rsm;twGuf edrfhus&musvGef;vsuf½Sdonf/



]]xif½Sm;ay:vGifvmcJhNyD}} þpum;pkrSm 1;17ESifhqifwlonf/ odkUaomf Bud,m\TENSE rSmuGJjym;onf/ þae&mü xdkBud,mudk]]tvGef½Sif;vif;pGm xif½Sm;ay:vGifcJhNyD; qufvufay:vGifaeonf}}[k bmomjyefEkdif onf/ þae&mü PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVEjzpfNyD;? tvm;wl 1;17ü PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; "r®a[mif;usrf;(tcef;BuD; 4)ESifh a,½ItxJESpfckpvHk;ü ½Sif;vif;pGm azmfjycJhNyDjzpfonf/



]]ynwådusrf;ESifhya&mzufusrf;rsm; oufaocHonfESifhtnD}} ¤if;onf tydkif;oHk;ydkif;½Sdaom a[NAJusrf; (ynwådusrf;? ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ESifhpmayrsm;)teufESpfcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ þyxrESpfrsKd;tm; wpfck vHk;udk&nfnTef;&efoHk;onf/ (3;19 \rSwfpkESifh róJ 5;17 wdkUudkMunfhyg)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ed'gef;ysKd;jcif;oabmyg0ifaMumif; þtcsufu xif½Sm;pGm jyaeygonf (vkum 24;27? 44/ wrefawmf 10;43)/ ¤if;rSm aemufrSay:vmaomtawG;? pDrHcsuf]]c}}(0g) ta&;ay:tavmwBuD;jzifh tm;oGef vkyf&aom aemufqHk;ydwf tpDtpOfrsKd;r[kwfacs/ (1;2) 3;22 ]]a,½Ic&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rS}} ¤if;rSm vHk;aphywfaphtm;jzifh ]]a,½Ic&pfawmfESifhqdkifaom ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}}[líjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm o'´goabmt& ydkifqdkifjcif;jyaomyk'frsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;ukd *vmwd 2;16/ zd 3;9/ a&mr 3;26/ *vmwd 2;16? 20/ 3;22wdkUrSm enf;wltoHk;jyKonf/ t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;½SdEkdif onf/ 1/ a,½I\,HkMunfjcif; (0g)? opöm½Sdjcif; (SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE) 2/ uRefawmfwdkU ,HkMunf&mtaMumif;w&m;jzpfola,½I (ORJECTIVE GENITIVE) tvm;wlo'´gzGJUpnf;yHkjzpfaom *vm 2;16 t&#2 rSm taumif;qHk;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;taMumif; t"dursufESmpmudkazmfjyonf/ vlwpfa,muf\b0 toufwmxJ ouf0ifvIyf½Sm;onfrSm bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;rSm c&pfawmfrSwqifh tcrJhay; aom bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfonf/ (4;5/ 6;23)/ ¤if;udk ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&rnfjzpfNyD; ({zuf 2;8-9) uRefawmfwdkU\toufwmü touf½Sifay:vGifvmonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/

]]tm;vHk;twGuf}}

{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf vlom;tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ a[ 53;6/ a,Z 18;23-32/ a,m[ef 3;16-17/ 4;42/ 2wd 2;4/ 4;10/ wdwk 2;11/ 2ay 3;;9/ 1a,m 2;1/ 4;14)/ BuD;rm; vSaomor®mw&m;ygwum;! ¤if;onf or®musrf;enf;us or®mw&m;jzpfaom a½G;cs,fjcif;ESihfvdkufavsm nDaxG½Sd&ayrnf/ bk&m;ocif\a½G;cs,fjcif;tm; pdwfydkif;jzwfjcif;0g'qdkif&m tpövrft,l0g'tjrifrsKd;(0g) vGefuJaomuJvfAif0g'rsKd;uJhodkUrjrifbJ? y#dnOfjyKjcif;qdkif&mtjrifrsKd;jzifh jrif&ygrnf/ "r®a[mif;acwfü a½G;cs,f jcif;onf trIaqmif½Gufjcif;twGufjzpfNyD;? tcGifhxl;r[kwfacs! usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udku,f&ef bk&m;ocifuwday;cJhonf (urÇm 3;15)/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wpf&yfvHk;tm; tpöa&;rSwqifh ac:zdwf onf/ (urÇm 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6)/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh a½G;cs,fonf/ u,fwifjcif;udpöü bk&m;ocifonf tpjyKaqmif½Gufavh½Sdonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)/ "r®oabmw&m;t& Mo*pfpwifESifhuJvfAifwdkU txl;jyKcJhMuonfh BudKwifcefUxm; jcif;0g'twGu {zuf 1ESifh a&mr 9wdkUrSm cdkifrm rIt½SdqHk; or®musrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk u,fwifjcif;(ajzmifhrwfapjcif;) twGufomvQifr[kwfbJ? oefU½Sif; pifMu,fjcif;twGufyg a½G;cs,fonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ aum 1;12)/ ¤if;ESifhqufpyfEkdifonfrSm

1/ c&pfawmftxJ igwdkU\taetxm; (2aum 5;21)

2/ rdrdom;orD;rsm;txJrS rdrd\p½dkufvu©Pm jyefvnfxif½Sm;apvdkonfh bk&m;ocif\pdwfqE´ (a&mr 8;28-29/ *vmwd 4;19/ {zuf 2;10)/ rdrdom;orD;rsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf rSm wpfaeUaomtcg aumif;uifEkdifiHawmfESifh ,ckvuf½Sdü c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpf onf/

BudKwifcefUxm;jcif;\yef;wdkifrSm oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfNyD; ({zuf 1;4) txl;tcGifhta&; r[kwfacs! bk&m;ocif\a½G;cs,frIrSm tm'H\om;orD; tenf;tusOf;rQomr[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;udka½G;cs,fonf! ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\p½dkufvu©Pmtm;ydkifqdkif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf 2;13)/ BudKwifa½G; cs,fcefUxm;jcif;tm;? oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tpm;? "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m t,l0g'wpfrsKd;jzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm vl\"r®oabmw&m; pHepf\tjzpfqdk;wpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkU\"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m abmif cwfrIrsm;onf or®musrf;pmudk yHkyef;ysufjym;oGm;apavh½Sdonf! txl;taMumif;t&m/ / a½G;cs,fjcif;^BudKwifcefUxm;jcif;ESifh "r®oabmw&m; csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyf jcif;-8;33 üMunfhyg/

]],HkMunfolrsm;}} a,½ItaocHcJhonfrSm vlom;tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;ü u,fwifjcif; &½Sd&ef tvm;tvm½Sdonf/ a,½I\ajzmihfrwfjcif;tm; rdrdb0twGufjzpfvmaponfrSm (1;16/ a,m[ef 1;12/ 3;16/ 20;31/ a&mr 10;9-13/ 1a,m 5;13) vlom;\vufcHrIyifjzpfonf/ (PRESENT PARTICIPLE 10;4 \txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg)/ ajzmihfrwfoltjzpf owfrSwfjcif;cH&ef vdktyfaompHEIef;ESpfck or®m usrf;pmü azmfjyxm;&m ,HkMunfjcif;ESihftjypftm;aemifw&jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16?19/ 20;31 ESifh 1;5 \rSwfcsufudkvnf;Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;udk vlom; xkwpf&yfvHk;tm; ay;prf;aeaomfvnf; tjzpfqdk;ESifhvQKdU0SufcsufrSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf u,fwifjcif;r&aMumif; þusrf;ydk'fü ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjy onf/

]]taMumif;rlum; jcm;em;jcif;r½Sd}} vlom;rsm; (*sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;) u,fwifjcif;&Ekdif&ef wpfOD; wnf;aom yk*¾dKvfESifhvrf;wpfvrf;wnf;om½Sdonf/ (a,m? 10;1-2? 7/ 11;25/ 14;6)/ c&pfawmftm;

udk;pm;,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh b,folrqdk? vlwdkif;u,fwifjcif;&Ekdifonf/ (1;16/ 4;11?16/ 10;4?12/ *vmwd 3;28/ aum 3;11)/ 3;23-26 ¤if;onf *&drl&if;pmü 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ 3;23

NASB, NKJV

NRSV

]]taMumif;rSm tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNyDjzpfí? bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfudk rrSDMuacs/ TEV

]]vltm;vHk;wdkUonf tjypfjyKcJhMuNy Djzpfí...rStvSrf;a0;cJhMuNyD/ NJB

]]tjypfjyKí? tqHk;cHcJhMuNyD}} ¤if;onf 1;18-3;20tm; tusOf;csLHUjcif;jzpfonf/ vlwdkif;c&pfawmftm;jzif u,fwifjcif;&½Sd&ef vdktyf onf/ (3;9? 19/ 11;32/ *vmwd 3;22/ a[½Sm 53;6) ]]tjypfjyKcJhonf}}qdkonfrSm

AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? ]]qufvufí...rrSDMu}}qdkonfrSm PRESENT MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ þpum;pk\ jzpfEdkifajc½Sdaom&nfnTef;csufrSm (1) vlom;onf tm'Hü wpfwpfaygif;wnf;usqif;jcif; (5;12-21) ESifh (2)vlom;wpfOD;csif;\ qufvufykefuefqefUusifaom tjyKtrljzpfonf/ acwfopft*Fvdyf bmomjyefusrf; wpfusrf;ur þuGJjym;jcm;em;rIudk xif[yfazmfjyjcif; r½Sdacs/ þti,fonf "r®oabmtm;jzifh ti,f 21 ESifhqufpyfum? ti,f 24 ESifhwdkuf½kdufqufpyfjcif; r½Sdacs/



]]bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf}} vlom;wdkUudk bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfESihftnD zefqif;jcif;jzpfNyD; (urÇm 1;26-27)tjcm;rnfonfh tzefqif;cHowå0gürS xdkodkUr[kwfacs/ vlom;rsm;onf bkef;awmf½Sif bk&m;ocif ESifhrdwfom[,jyKum? ol\p½dkufawmftm; xif[yfay:vGifaeap&efjzpfonf/ tjypfonf þo@mefawmf tm; zsufpD;ypfcJhaomfvnf; c&pfawmf\aojcif;w&m;rS xajrmufjcif;rSwqifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif;onf tqdkygo@mefawmfudk e*dkaejyefíjzpfay:aponf/ (aum 3;10) "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu ]]bkef;awmf}} glory twGuf a[NAJpum;vHk; (kbd) rSm rl&if;tm;jzifh ukefonfoHk; a0g[m&]csdefcGif}}[líjzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,frSm]]tav;pD;}}onf[líjzpf\/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bkef;awmf^bkef;wefcdk;awmf or®musrf;vm]]bkef;wefcdk;}}glory \oabmtm; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf&efcufcJonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ bkef;awmf[lonfrSm olwdkUonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ESihf bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfudk em;vnfMujcif;jzpfNyD; olwdkYudk,fwdkifü bkef;wefcdk;r½Sdacs/ (a,&? 9;23-24) "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]]glory-bkef;awmf}}(kbd, BDB 217)twGuf oHk;aoma[NAJpum;vHk;rSm rl&if;tm;jzifh ukefonfa0g[m&jzpfNyD; (tav;pD;onf)rS t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ av;aomt&mrSm wefbdk;BuD;rm;onf(0g)yif udk,fwefbdk;½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\crf;em;x,f0grItm; azmfjyaompum;vHk;tjzpfoHk;&mü xGef;vif;awmuf yjcif;oabmaqmifaom t,ltqay:vGifap&ef jznfhpGuftoHk;jyKavh½Sdonf/ (xGuf 19;16-18/ 24;17/ a[½Sm 60;1-2)olwpfyg;wnf;omvQif xdkufwefum? *kPfjyKxdkufawmfrlonf/ olonf tjypfjyKaomvlom; rsm;Munfh½I&ef awmufyvGef;vSonf/ (xGuf 33;17-23/ a[½Sm 6;5) t½Sifxm0&bk&m;ocif (YHWH)tm; c&pfawmfrSwqifhtm;jzifhom ppfrSefpGm odEdkifonf/ (a,m 14;8-11 aum 1;15/ a[NAJ 1;3/ ,mukyf 2;1)/

]]bkef;awmf}}(glory)[laoma0g[m&rSm t"dyÜg,froJuGJacs/

1/ ¤if;onf ]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}}ESifh tvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/

2/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\]]oefU½Sif;awmfrljcif;}}(0g)]]pHkvifjynfh0awmfrljcif;}}tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf Edkifonf/

3/ ¤if;onf vlom;tm; zefqif;&mjzpfonfh bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfukd &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdif onf/(urÇm 1;26-27/ 5;1/ 9;6)odkUaomf ¤if;rSm qefUusifykefuefrIaMumifh aemufydkif;ü ysuf,Gif;oGm;cJh&onf/ (urÇm 3;1-22)/ t½Sifxm0&bk&m;ocif(YHWH)onf rdrd\vlrsKd;awmf ESihftwl½Sdaejcif;tm;azmfjy&ef xdkpum;vHk;tm; yxrOD;qHk;toHk;jyKonfrSm (oJuEÅ&xJ vSnfh vnfoGm;vmpOfumvüjzpfonf/ xGuf 16;7? 10/ 0wf 9;23/ awm 14;10)

]]aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhajzmifhrwfjcif;cHcJhMuNyD}} ¤if;onf PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpf onf/ ¤if;rSm {0Ha*vd owif;aumif; tpjyK&mjzpfaom? ajzmihfrwfjcif;&½Sdaponfh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl; awmfjzpfonf/ (5;15-17/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}[laom*&da0g[m& (dikaioŌ)onf ]]ajzmihfrwfjcif;}}(dikaiosunē 1;17\txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg)ESihf tjrpfwlpum;vHk;rS qif;oufvmjcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tpjyKjcif; jyKavh½Sdonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)

3;24

ti,f 24-25 ü u,fwifjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&mü oHk;aomwifpm;rI oHk;ck½Sdonf/

1/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}¤if;onf w&m;Oya'qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD; ]]jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif;rjyK}}(0g) ]]tjypf½Sdoltjzpf ausmnmjcif;rjyK}}[líjzpfonf/

2/

]]a½G;EIwfjcif;}}¤if;onf uRefaps;üoHk;aoma0g[m&jzpfNyD; ]]jyefí0,f,lonf}}(0g)]]vTwfvdkuf onf}}[líjzpf\/

3/ ]]tjypfajzjcif;}}¤if;onf ,ZfylaZmfjcif; pHepfrSvmaoma0g[m&jzpfNyD;? zHk;tkyf&m(0g)]]aMuat; jcif;jyK&mae&m}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ¤if;onf tjypfajz&maeUü ,ZfylaZmfaom,Zfaumif\ taoG;udkzsef;&mae&mjzpfaom y#dnOfaowåmawmf\tzHk;tm; &nfnTef;onf/(0wf 16/ a[NAJ 9;5)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;&aMumif; "r®opfusrf;taxmuftxm; ¤if;onf a,½ItxJ y#dnOfw&m;opfay: tajcjyKonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-38)

1/ crnf;awmf\p½kdufvu©Pm (a,m[ef 3;16)om;awmf\tvkyf (2aum 5;21)ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ aqmif½Gufjcif;(a&mr 8;14-16)jzpfNyD; vlom;\vkyfaqmifrI? emcHrIaMumihf&½Sdaom usoifhonfh tbdk;tcr[kwf? bmoma&;wpf&yftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rQomr[kwfacs/

2/ ¤if;rSm vufaqmifwpfckjzpfonf (a&mr 3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;5? 8-9)

3/ ¤if;rSm topfaomtouf? topfaomurÇmUtjrifwpfckjzpfonf/ (,mukyfESifh 1a,m[ef)

4/ ¤if;rSm od½Sdjcif;?({0Ha*vdowif;aumif;)rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;? (a,½Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh a,½IESifh twl½Sdaejcif;)? topfaomtouf½Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfck(0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifjcif;jzifh c&pfawmfESifhwl jcif;) oHk;rsKd;pvHk;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;wdkUteuf wpfckckrQomr[kwfacs/

5/ ppfrSefaomu,fwifjcif;tm; ppfaq;jcif;udk 1a,m 2;3/ 3;3ü usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh &aom tjrifjzifhMunfhyg/

aygvkonf þoabmtm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aoma0g[m&rsm;oHk;um tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm; rsm;oHk;onf/

dŌrean ADVERB ]]tcrJh}}

dŌrea NOUN ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}}

dŌro NOUN ]]vufaqmif}} ({zuf 2;8)

charisma NOUN ]]ta<u;aMu ]]tcrJhrsufESmom}} (1;11/ 5;15? 16/ 6;23/ 11;29/ 12;6)

charisomai VERB ]]tcrJhrsufESmomtjzpf cGifhjyKay;oem;onf}} (8;32)

charis NOUN ]]tcrJhrsufESmom}} (0g) ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}} (4;4? 16/ 11;5?6/ {zuf 2;5? 8)

]]c&pfawmfa,½ItxJü½Sdaom a½G;EIwfjcif;}} uREfkyfwdkU\u,fwifjcif;,EÅ&m;rSm a,½I\udk,fpm;jyK taocHjcif;ESifh jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtvdkus t"dutcsufrSm rnfrQay;qyfcJhNyD(0g) rnfoltwGuf ay;qyfonfr[kwfbJ(Mo*pfpwif;) tjypfuif;aomol\tpm;xdk;rIaMumifh vlom;onf tjypf aMumihf tjypf½Sdjcif;ESifh jypf'PfrSu,fvTwfcHcJhNyD[laom tjzpfrSefomvQifjzpfonf/ (a,m 1;29? 36/ 2aum 5;21/ 1ay 1;19)/ tqdkygusrf;ydk'fi,fonf urÇm 3;15udkvnf; t&dyft>rufjyygonf/ a,½Ionf usdefqJjcif;udkxrf;um (*vmwd 3;13) usqif;aomvlom;rsKd;EG,f\udk,fpm;? taocHcJhonf/ (2aum 5;21)/ u,fwifjcif;udk tcrJh &Ekdifaomfvnf;? ¤if;rSm trSefpifppf aps;csKdíum;r[kwfacs!

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /a½G;EIwfonf

I. "r®a[mif;usrf;

u/ þoabmaqmifaom w&m;Oya'qdkif&m rlva[NAJa0g[m& ESpfvHk;½Sdonf/

1/ Ga'al (BDB 145,1)¤if;\rlvt"dyÜg,frSm ]]wef&mwefbdk;ay;ívTwfonf}}[líjzpfonf/ aygif;pyfaoma0g[m&\t"dyÜg,frSm rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;OD;\(aqGrsKd;om;csif;?a½G;EIwfol) Mum; 0ifaqmif½GufrIoabmudkjyonf/ "avhxHk;pHt&0w¬Kypönf;rsm;? wd&pämefrsm;? ajr,mrsm; (0wf 25?27)odkUr[kwf aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;tm; (½ko 4;15/ a[½Sm 29;22) a½G;EIwfydkifcGifhudk "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh t½Sifxm0&bk&m;ocifYHWH utpöa&;tm; tD*spfEdkifiHrS u,fEIwf jcif;tm; azmfjyajymqdk&mü ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKonf/ (xGuf 6;6/ 15;13/ qmvH 74;2/ 77;15/ a,& 31;11)/ bk&m;ocifrSm ]]a½G;EIwfaomt½Sif}}jzpfvmonf/ (a,mb 19;25/ qmvH 19;14/ 78;35/ okwåH 23;11/ a[½Sm 41;14/ 43;14/ 44;6?24/ 47;4/ 48;17/ 49;7? 26/ 54;5? 8/ 59;20/ 60;16/ 63;16/ a,& 50;34)/

2/ Padah (BDB 804)/ ¤if;\tajccHrSm ]]u,fvTwfonf}}-]]to deliver}}odkUr[kwf]]u,fq,f onf}}-rescue[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ (u) om;OD;tm;a½G;EIwfjcif; (xGuf 13;13? 14/ awm 18;15-17)

(c) udk,fcE¨ma½G;EIwfjcif;rSm 0dnmOfa&;&ma½G;EIwfjcif;ESihfrwl uJGjym;jcm;em;onf/(qm 49;7? 8? 15)

(*) YHWH onf tpöa&;tm; olwdkUtjypfESihf awmfvSefykefuefrIrsm;rS a½G;EIwfvdrfhrnf (qmvH 130;7-8)

"r®oabmw&m;t& qufpyfaomt,ltqtawmfrsm;rsm; yg0ifonf/

II.

1/ vdktyfcsufwpf&yf? uRefcHrIwpfck?odrf;,lcHjcif;wpf&yf tusOf;uscHjcif;wpfck½Sd&ef vdktyfonf/ (u) udk,fum,ü (c) vlrIa&;ü (*) 0dnmOfa&;ü (qmvH 130;8)

2/ vGwfvyfjcif;? jznfvTwfjcif;ESifhe*dkaejyefjzpfapa&;twGuf wef&mwefbdk;wpfckckay;qyf&ef vdktyfonf/ (u) tpöa&;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifhqdkifí (w&m; 7;8)

(c) vlwpfOD;csif;ESihfqdkifí (a,mb 19;25-27/ 33;28)

3/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf Mum;0ifaqmif½GufolESihfaus;Zl;jyKol apwem½Siftjzpfaqmif ½Guf&efvdkonf/ Gaal [laoma0g[m&t& þwpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf rdom;pk0ifwpf a,muf(0g) eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;wpfa,mufjzpfavh½Sdonf/ (Oyrm? go'el BDB)

4/ YHWH onf rdrdudk,frdrd rdom;pkqdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;jzif azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ (u) zcif (c) vifa,musfm; (*) eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;om;csif;^jypf'Pfay;ol/ (Avenger)a½G;EIwfjcif;tm; YHWHudk,f wdkif\ udk,fpm;vS,ftvkyftm;jzifh&avh½Sdonf/ wef&mwefbdk;udkay;acsum? a½G;EIwf jcif;tm; aqmif½GufNyD;pD;aponf/

"r®mopfusrf;

u/ þtaMumif; "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh azmfjyaom a0g[m&tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf

1/ AgorazŌ (1aum 6;20/ 7;23/ 2ay 2;1/ Asm 5;9/ 14;3-4)/ ¤if;onf ukefonfoHk; a0g[m &jzpfNyD; wpfpHkwpf&m\wefbdk;tm; ay;acsjcif;udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ uREfkyfwdkUonf rdrdwdkUb0udk rdrdrxdef;csKyfaomol?taoG;tm;jzifha½G;0,fjcif; cHolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ uRefawmf wdkUudk c&pfawmfuykdifqdkifonf/

2/ ExagorazŌ (*vmwd 3;13/ 4;5/ {zuf 5;16/ aum 4;5)/ ¤if;onfvnf; ukefonfoHk; a0g[m&jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf uRefawmfwdkUudk,fpm; a,½I\tpm;xdk; taocHjcif;udk ay:vGif aponf/ a,½Ionf ynwfw&m;\aqmif½GufrIwpfrsKd;jzpfaom ]]usdefqJjcif;}}udk xrf;cJh onf/(arma½S\ynwådusrf;/ {zuf 2;14-16/ aum 2;14)/ ¤if;rSm tjypf½Sdolvlom;rsm; raqmif½GufEkdifaomt&mjzpfonf/ olonf xdkusdefqJjcif;udk(w&m; 21;23) uRefawmfwdkU tm;vHk;twGuf(rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21)xrf;ay;onf! bk&m;ocif\w&m;rQwrIESifh cspfjcif;arwåmonf a,½ItxJü tjynfht0tjypfvTwfjcif;? vufcHESifhcsOf;uyfjcif;tjzpfodkU ajymif;vJoGm;onf!

LuŌ

(u) Lutro]]ay;acsxm;aomwefbdk;}}(róJ 20;28/ rmuk 10;45)rdrdrwifonfh tjypf a<u;tm;qyfay;jcif;jzifh? avmu\u,fwif½Sifjzpfvm&ef rdrd<uvmjcif;\&nf½G,f csufESifhqdkifvsuf a,½I\EIwfrSxGufvmaom wefcdk;BuD;pum;vHk;rsm;jzpfonf/ (a,m 1;29)

(c) LutroŌ ]]jznfvTwfonf}}

(1)

tpöa&;udk a½G;EIwf&ef (vk 24;21)

(2) vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tm;a½G;EIwf&ef rdrdudk,frdrday;qyfum oefUpifap&ef (wdwk 2;14)

(3) tjypfuif;pifaom tpm;xdk;&mtjzpf (1ay 1;18-19)

(*) Lutrosis ]]a½G;EIwfjcif;}} ]]u,fEIwfjcif;}} (0g) ]]vGwfajrmufapjcif;}}

(1) a,½ItaMumif; Zmc&d\ya&mzufpum;? vkum 1;68

(2) a,½IaMumifh tEéu bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;/ vkum 2;38

(3) wpfcgwnf;ESifhtjywfjzpfaom? ydkíomvGefonfh a,½I\,ZfylaZmfjcif;? a[NAJ 9;12

4/ ApolytrŌis

(u) 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf<uvmcsdefü a½G;EIwfjcif; (wrefawmf 3;19-21)

(1) vkum 21;28 (2) a&mr 8;23

(3) {zuf 1;14/ 4;30 (4) a[NAJ 9;15 (c) c&pfawmftaocHjcif;ü a½G;EIwfjcif; (1) a&mr 3;24 (2) 1aum 1;30 (3) {zuf 1;7 (4) aumavmoJ 1;14

5/ Antilytron (1wd 2;6)/ ¤if;onf wdwk 2;14 uJhodkU tvGefta&;BuD;aomusrf;csufjzpf&m olonf vufoifhcHEkdifbG,f&mwpfckwnf;aom ,ZfylaZmf&mjzpfol ]]cyfodrf;aomolwdkY}}twGuf taocHoljzpfonf/ (a,m 1;29/ 3;16-17/ 4;42/ 1wd 2;4/ 4;10/ wdwk 2;11/ 2ay 3;9/ 1a,m 2;2/ 4;14)

c/ "r®opfusrf;rS "r®oabmw&m;tjrifrSm

(1) vlom;onf tjypf\uRefjyKjcif; cHaeonf (a,m 8;34/ a&mr 3;10-18/ 6;23)

(2) vlom;onf tjypf\aus;uRefjzpfjcif;tm; "r®a[mif;u arma½S\ynwådusrf;ESihf (*vmwd 3) a,½I\awmifay:a'oemawmf (róJ 5-7)tm;jzifh ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap onf/ vlom;\aqmif½GufrIonf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfvmonf/ (aum 2;14)

(3) tjypfESifhuif;pifaom bk&m;ocif\odk;oli,fa,½Ionf uRefawmfwdkU\ae&mü tpm; xdk;taocH&ef <uvmcJhNyD/ (a,m 1;29/ 2aum 5;21)/ uRefawmfwdkUonf bk&m;ocif udktapcHEkdif&eftvdkUiSg? tjypfvufatmufrS a½G;0,fjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 6)

(4) YHWH ESifh a,½IwdkUrSm uRefawmfwdkUbufrSaeum aqmif½Gufay;ol]]eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd; om;csif;}} jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;ukd rdom;pkqdkif&m wifpm;aoma0g[m&rsm;jzifh qufvuf azmfjyonf/ (zcif? vifa,musfm;? om;? nDtpfudk? eD;pyfaomaqGrsKd;om;csif;)/

(5) a½G;EIwfjcif;[lonf pmwefxHay;acsonfh usoifhaomwefbdk;r[kwfbJ(tv,facwf "r®ynm) bk&m;ocif\EIwfxGwfpum;awmfESifh bk&m;ocif\w&m;rQwrIwdkUtm; bk&m; ocif\arwåmawmfESihf c&pfawmf\tjynfht0axmufyHhrIwdkYjzifh o[mZmwjzpfapjcif;

jzpfonf/ vuf0g;uyfwdkifü Nidrfoufjcif;jyefvnf&½Sdonf/ vlom;\awmfvSefykefuefrI tm; tjypfvTwfonf/ vlom;txJu bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfonf &if;ESD;aom rdwfo[m,tm;jzifh wzefjyefí tjynfht0½Sifoefvmonf!

6/ uRefawmfwdkU\ ½Sifjyefxajrmufaom udk,fcE¨mrsm;tm;jzifh oHk;yg;wpfqlESifhyk*¾dKvfcsif; &if;ESD; uRrf;0ifrI yg0ifaomtem*wfa½G;EIwfjcif;[lí ½Sdaeygao;onf/ (a&mr 8;23/ {zuf 1;14/ 4;30)/ ½Sifjyefxajrmufaom uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fcE¨mrsm;onf ocifbk&m;\udk,fcE¨mawmf uJhodkUjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ olü ½kyfcE¨m½Sdaomfvnf; twdkif;tqrSm xl;uJonf/ qefUusifbufoabmESpfrsKd;tm; azmfjyaom 1aum 15;12-19ESifh 1aum 15;35-58wdkUtm; owfrSwfcsufay;&ef cufcJonf/ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m ajrBuD;cE¨mwpfckESifh aumif;uifqdkif&m 0dnmOf cE¨mwpfck½SdonfrSm xif½Sm;onf/ a,½Iü ESpfrsKd;vHk;½Sd\/

3;25

NASB ]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdkt½Siftm; vlxka½SUarSmufü jyocJhonf}}

NKJV ]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdkt½Siftm; jyocJhonf}}

NRSV ]]bk&m;ocifonf ...xdkt½Siftm; axmufcHcJhonf}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocif ay;vSLcJhonf}}

NJB ]]xdkt½Sifudk bk&m;ocifcefUtyfcJhonf}} ¤if;onf protithemi \ AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; (a&mr 1;13 ESi {zuf 1;9ü ¤if;onf a&mr 8;28u NOUN enf;wl]]&nf½G,fonf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf) bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ESvHk;ESifh&nf½G,fcsuf tm; c&pfawmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrlonf[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ({zuf 1;9/ *vmwd 3;1) bk&m; ocif\a½G;EIwfjcif; tpDtpOfawmfü (wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29/ 26;22 ESifh txl;taMumif;t&m 1;5) a,½I\,ZfylaZmfjcif; yg0ifonf/ (a[½Sm 53;10/ Asm 13;8)/ 9;11 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ ]]xif½Sm;ap&ef}} þ*&da0g[m& endeiknumai (endeixix 3;25?26)tm; a&mrMo0g'pmü tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk; onf/ (2;15/ 9;17? 23/ LXX xGuf 9;16) ¤if;\tajccHt"dyÜg,frSm ay:vGifaponf(0g) cif;usif;jyoonf [líjzpf\/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\a½G;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m &nf½G,fcsuf? pDrHcsufESihfajzmihfrwfjcif;w&m;wdkUudk vlom;wdkYtm; ½Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfapvdkonf/ þpmydk'fonf or®musrf;pmenf;us urÇmUtjrifjzpfaom atmufygwdkUudkazmfjyonf/

1/ bk&m;ocif\tusifhp½kduftaMumif;

2/ c&pfawmf\tvkyftaMumif;

3/ vlom;\vdktyfcsuftaMumif;

4/ a½G;EIwfjcif;\ &nf½G,fcsuftaMumif; bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkUudkem;vnfod½Sdapvdkonf! þusrf;ydk'fonf c&pf,meftaMumif; aumif;pGm em;vnfod½SdEkdif&ef tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ tcsKdUpum;vHk;rsm;ESifhpum;pkwdkUrSm t"dyÜg,foJuGJjcif;r½Sd(0g) trsKd; rsKd;jzifh em;vnfEkdifjcif;rsm;½Sdaomfvnf;? usrf;ydk'fwpfckvHk;\t"dutcsufrSm tvGef½dk;pif;½Sif;vif;onf/ þusrf;ydk'fonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;twGuf "r®oabmw&m; "l0HMu,fyifjzpfonf/

NASB ]] taoG;awmftm; ...tjypfajz&mtjzpf}}

NKJV

]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh tjypfajzp&mjzpfap&ef}}

NRSV ]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh tjypfzHk;tkyfaom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;tjzpf}}

TEV ]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh vlrsm;\tjypf rsm; vTwf&jcif;taMumif;jzpfvmap&ef}}

NJB ]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfap&ef rdrdtouftm;ay;vSL&ef}}

*&d,Ofaus;rI vTrf;rdk;aoma&mrurÇmü þpum;vHk;onf pdrf;um;aomewfbk&m;wpfyg;ESifh ay;qyfaom wef&mweffbdk;tm;jzifh jyefvnfrdwfo[m,jzpfjcif; oabmudkaqmifonf/ odkUaomf bmomjyef *&d"r®a[mif; usrf; Septuagint (LXX) ü þt"dyÜg,fjzifh roHk;acs/ ¤if;pum;vHk;udk Septuagint ESifh a[NAJ 9;5 ü]]aus;Zl; awmfyv’if}}-mercy seat tjzpf bmomjyefonf/ (xGuf 25;21-22/ 0w 16;12-15)/ ¤if;rSm toefU½Sif;qHk; iSgeawmftxJ xm;½Sdaomaowåmawmf\tzHk;yifjzpfNyD;? tajz&maeUü(0wf 16) wpfrsKd;om;vHk;twGuf tjypf zHk;tkyfjcif;tm; xdkae&mrS&½Sdonf/ aygvkonf tpöa&;\ ,ZfylaZmfjcif; enf;Oya'orsm;xJuyif(0wf 1-7) ,ZfylaZmfjcif;qdkif&m wifpm;aompum;vHk;rsm; oHk;aejcif;jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/ þwifpm;aompum;vHk; rsm;jzpfonfh (tjypfajzjcif;? a½G;EIwfc? ,ZfylaZmfjcif;)ponfwdkUudk "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu bk&m;ocif\ Asm'dwfawmfrsm;ESifhqufpyfíom em;vnfEdkifonf/ xdkUaMumifh aygvkonf ¤if;wdkUrSm vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfaMumif; ½Sif;vif;&rnfjzpfonf/ YHWH onf rdrdukd,frdrd tmjA[H^tpöa&;tm; zGifhjyjcif;rSm tm;vHk;aom vlom;wdkUtm; rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjy&efyifjzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf udk,fawmf\o@mefawmftm; aqmif xm;Muonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf awmfvSefykefuefcJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aomolwdkUonf c&pfawmf (*sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ar½Sd,)tm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh u,fwifjcif;&½SdEdkifonf/ tjypftay: bk&m;ocif\cufxefrIudk ravsmhusapbJ? tjypfom;rsm;tay:tjyKoabmjzihfa½G;EIwfjcif; pdwfaeoabmxm;tm; twnfjyK&ef þa0g[m&udk toHk;jyK&ayrnf/ þtaMumif; aumif;rGefaomaqG;aEG; rItm; James \A Man in Christ pmtkyfpmrsufESm 214-224üawGU&onf/ þaqG;aEG;rItm; tqHk;owfap&ef enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;rSm þpum;vHk;tm; c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\tvkyfudk xif[yfaponfha0g[m&rsm;jzpf aom]]tjypfajzaom,ZfylaZmfjcif;}}(0g)]]tjypfajzonfh wefcdk;ESifhqdkifaom}}ponfjzifh bmomjyef&efjzpfonf/ ]]taoG;awmfü^tm;jzifh}}qdkonfrSm bk&m;ocif\tjypfuif;pifaom odk;oli,fjyKonfhudk,fpm;jyK ,ZfylaZmfrI tm; &nfnTef;aoma[NAJtoHk;tEIef;jzpfonf/ (a,m[ef 1;29)/ þoabmudk tjynfht0em;vnfoabm ayguf&ef 0wfjyK 1-7onf tcef;BuD; 16u tjypfajz&maeUuJhodkU tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ taoG;[lonf tjypf½SdoltwGuf ay;qyfaomtjypfuif;onfhtouftm; &nfnTef;onf/a[½Sm 52;13- 53;12)/wpfa,muf aomolonf tm;vHk;aomolwdkUtwGuf taocHonf/ (5;12-21)!



]],HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}} ¤if;onfvnf; a,½I\udk,fpm;jyKtaocHawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh b,folrqdkESifh vlwdkif; udk,fpD&Ekdifaom tusKd;aus;Zl;&Ekdif&m ,EÅ&m;jzpfonf/ (1;17/ 3;22? 25? 26? 27? 28? 30)/ a½S;acwfwGif pmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifhoma&;aom vufa&;rl&if;rsm;jzpfonfh 5&mpkESpfu Chrysostom oHk;cJh onfh vufa&;usrf;pm A tygt0ifjzpfonf)ESifh 12&mpku a&;onfhpmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzpfaom MS(2127)wdkUü þpum;pkudk csefxm;cJhMuonf/ tjcm;a½S;a[mif;*&d vufa&;usrf;rsm;tm;vHk;ü ¤if;pum;pk yg0ifonf/ tcsKdUü DEFINITE ARTICLE the yg½SdNyD; ]]the faith}}[líjzpfum (MSS p40, B1, C3, D3)tcsKdUwdkUürl ryg½Sd aomfvnf;(MSS Aleph, C*, D*, F, G) ¤if;onf qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fum; xdcdkufjcif;r½Sdacs/ UBS3 onf ¤if;\yg½SdrIudk ]]B}}tqifhowfrSwfonf/(aocsmoavmuf)

]]ajzmihfrwfawmfrljcif;tm; ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap&ef}} bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\p½kdufvu©PmESifh rdrdajymp um;tay: opömwnfae&ygrnf (rmv 3;6)/ "r®a[mif;acwfü tjypfjyKol aoqHk;&onf/ (urÇm 2;17/

a,Z 18;4? 20)/ tjypf½Sdoludk rdrdrvTwf[k bk&m;ocifajymcJhonf/ (xGuf 23;7)/ usqif;olvlom; tay: bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfrSm BuD;rm;vSojzifh olonfvlwpfa,mufjzpfvm&ef? ynwådusrf;tm; jynfhpHkap&ef ESifh usqif;aomvlom;\ae&mü taocH&efqE´½Sdonfhtxdjzpfonf/ (5;12-21)/ bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif; arwåmESifhw&m;rQwrI (opömw&m;)onf a,½ItxJ qHkqnf;cJhMuonf/ (i,f 26)



NASB, NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

]],cifu usL;vGefcJhNyD;ao mtjypfrsm;udk rSwfawmfrrlbJ}}

]]twdwfumvü onf;cHum? vlrsm;\tjypfrsm;udk vpfvsL½Ionf}}

]]tjypfrsm; 'Pfay;jcif;rcH&aom twdwfumvtwGuf}}

]]ausmfoGm;onf}}-passed over (rrSwf)[laoma0g[m& paresis udk"r®opfusrf;ü þae&mwGif wpfBudrf omoHk;NyD;? Septuagint (*&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;)ürl roHk;cJhbl;acs/ *&dzcifBuD;rsm;ESihf Jerome (at'D 4&mpk)wdkUonf vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,f ]]ta<u;wpfcktm; aMuat;apjcif;}}[lí bmomjyefqdkMuonf/ (Moulton ESifh Milligan, p. 493)/ odkUaomf ¤if;\Bud,m pariēmi \t"dyÜg,frSm]]ab;ü jzwfoGm;aponf}}(0g) ]]ajzavsmhonf}}[líjzpfonf/ (vkum 11;42) okdUjzifh ar;p&mar;cGef;rSm bk&m;ocifonf tem*wfü c&pfawmfjyKrnfhtvkyftm; arQmfMunfhjcif; tm;jzifh twdwfumvu tjypfrsm;udkvTwfcJhjcif;avm(0g) c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;onf tjypfjyomemtm; ajz½Sif; vdrfhrnfudk od½Sdxm;um? tjypfrsm;udk ½kd;½dk;av;yif rSwfawmfrrlcJhjcif;avm[líjzpfonf/ &vm'frSm twlwlyif jzpfonf/ vlom;\twdwf? ypöKyÜefESifhtem*gwftjypftm; c&pfawmfjyKonfh,ZfylaZmfjcif;jzifh ajz½Sif;ay;onf/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmfjyKaomtvkyftm; arQmfMunfhum? bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfonf twdwfumvü jyKcJh aomt&m(wref 17;30/ a&mr 4;15/ 5;13)jzpfonfenf;wl? vuf½SdypöKyÜefumvESifh tem*wfumvwnf; [laomumvoHk;yg;pvHk;ü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmifcJhNyD;? vkyfaqmifaeqJESifh vkyfaqmifvwåHaomt&mjzpfonf/ (i,f 26)/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypftm; ayghayghwefwefoabmxm;onf r[kwfaomfvnf; a,½IjyKcJhaom ,ZfylaZmfrItm;? ykefuefawmfvSefaomvlom;udk tjynfht0ESifh aemufqHk;a½G;EIwfjcif;tjzpf vufcHawmfrl\/ zefqif;jcif;\&nf½G,f&if;jzpfaom (urÇm 1;26-27)rdrdudk,fwdkifESifh vlom;wdkU&if;ESD;pGm rdwfo[m,jzpf a&;twGuftjypfrSm twm;tqD;wpf&yfrjzpfawmhacs/ 3;26 ti,f 25 ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}[laom a0g[m&\rl&if;tm; pDppfavh&m&mü ]]ajzmihfrwfonf}}ESifh ]]ajzmifhrwfapol}} i,f 26[laom a0g[m&ESpfvHk;ESifh qufpyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\p½kdufvu©Pm tm; c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;rSwqi ,HkMunfolrsm;\b0toufwmxJüay:vGif xif½Sm;apvdkonf/ a,½I onf uRefawmfwdkU\ajzmihfrwfjcif;jzpfvmonf (2aum 5;21)rSefaomfvnf; ,HkMunfolrsm;onfudk,fawmf\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;? udk,fawmfESifhwlnDjcif;rsm; ½Sdvm&OD;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/ (8;29/ róJ 5;48/ 0wfjyK 19;2) txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17 üMunfhyg/



NASB, NKJV

NRSV

]]a,½Itm; ,HkMunfol}}

TEV ]]a,½Itm; ,HkMunfolwdkif;}}

NJB

,HkMunfjcif;½Sdolwdkif;}}

REB

]]rdrd\,HkMunfjcif;tm; a,½Iüxm;olrnfolrqdk}} NET ]]a,½I\opöm½SdrIaMumifh touf½Sifol}}

*&drl&if;ü ]]a,½I\,HkMunfjcif;\vl}} the one of faith of Jesus [líjzpfonf/ tcuftcJrSm ydkifqdkif&m jyyk'f GENITIVE xyfaejcif;jzpfonf/ (G.B Caird \The Language and Imagery of the Bible, p. 99) t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkwdkUonf ¤if;tm; vlwpfa,mufu a,½Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;? udk;pm;jcif;tjzpf ½Ijrifonf/ NET bmomjyefusrf;\tvdkt& ¤if;onf 3;22tm; nTef;onf[k rSwf,lxm;onf/ rnfodkUjzpfap ti,f 22onf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;&nfnTef;onf/

1/ a,½I\opöm½SdrI (faithfulness-,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI)

2/ ,HkMunfol\udk;pm;rI (believer's faith) u,fwifjcif;[lonf vufcH&,l&efjzpfonfh a,½I\,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif; rS&½Sdaom&v'fjzpfonf/ (i,f 30)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 3;27-30

27 odkUjzpfvQif 0g<um;p&mum; tb,fenf; ? 0g<um;p&mtaMumif;udky,fNyD ? tb,fw&m;tm;jzifh y,foenf; ? tusifhw&m;tm;jzifh y,foavm ? r[kwfyg/ ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifhy,fNyD/ 28 xdkUaMumifh vlwpfa,mufonf y nwfw&m;ESifhqdkifaom tusifh rygbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;cH&onf[k i gwdkUtcdkiftrmqdkMuonf/ 29 odkUr[kwf bk&m;ocifonf *sL;wdkY\ bk&m;omvQif jzpfawmfrloavm ? wpfyg;trsKd;om;wdkU\ bk &m;vnf; jzpfawmfrlonf r[kwfavm ? [kwfayonf/ wpfyg; trsKd;om; wdkU\ bk&m;vnf;jzpfawmfrl\/ 30 pifppfrlum; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cH olwdkYtm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapawmfr lolESifh? ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rcHolwdkYtm; ,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapawmfrlol bk &m;ocifwpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\/

3;27 ]]odkUjzpfvQif 0g<um;p&mum; tb,fenf; ? }} ]]0g<um;p&m}} pum;pkü ARTICLE yg½Sdaejcif;onf *sL;vlrsKd;\rmetm; xyf[yfay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (2;17?23)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rSm ESdrfhcsíaejcif; jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;onf (*sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;) rdrdudk,frdrd ru,fEdkifacs/ ({zuf 2;8-9) txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 0g<um;jcif; - 2;17 üMunfhyg/ apmapmu wifjycsuftm; aemufxyftenf;i,f½Sif;vif;&ef jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ cspfjcif;arwåmESifh tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf xdkufwefjcif;r&Ekdifaomfvnf; u,fwifjcif;&&ef olwdkUtydkif;u@ r½Sd[k qdkvdkjcif;um; r[kwfacs/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrd\tjypftm; od½Sdumc&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocifay;prf; onfht&mudk vufcH&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf usqif;aomvlom;tm; ]]y#dnOfw&m;}}jzifhqufqHonf/ uRefawmfwdkUonf wHkUjyefrIjyKum? qufvufwHkUjyefoGm;&efjzpfonf/

1/ tjypftm; aemifw&jcif;

,HkMunfjcif;

emcHjcif;

pGJNrJjcif; bk&m;ocifESifhqufqH&mü rdrdwdkU\tydkif;rSm tjywfqHk;jzwfay;aomu@ jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkUonf wHkUjyef&olrsm;jzpfonf! xdkYaMumifh wHkUjyefrIjyK&efvdkonf! vGwfvyfaomqE´onf tcsKyftjcmtmPmenf;wl

tjywfqHk;jzwfrIay;aom or®musrf;pmvm Mo0g'jzpfonf/ ta½SUwdkif; usrf;wpfusrf;jzpfaom or®musrf;pm onf or®mw&m;tm; wif;rmrIESpfrsKd;ygaomtwGJrsm;jzifhazmfjyonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /ta½SUwdkif;pmayyHk&dyfBuD; yHk&dyfBuD;or®musrf;pmawmfvm qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef azmfjyrIrsm; 1/ or®musrf;pmtm; bk&m;ocif ajympum;tjzpf jrwfEdk;udk;pm;olwpfa,muftaejzifh þtjrifonf uREfkyftm; trsm;qHk;axmufulj yKygonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; eufeJpGmcH,l&ef tm;xkwfonfhtcg uGJjym;jcm;em;aom usrf;ydk'frsm;onf or®mw&m;tm; txl;a½G;cs,fazmfjyjcif;ESifh enf;pHepfususjzifh? tpDtpOfusus azmfjyonf r[kwfaMumif; ay:vGifonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'f onf? tvm;wl0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom or®mw&m;wpf&yftm; y,fzsufjcif; (0g) ½Iwfcsjcif;jyK vdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ or®mw&m;udk or®musrf;pmwpf&yfvHk;tm; od&jcif;rS&½SdNyD; (or®musrf;pm onf wpfcsKdUwpf0ufudkom 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfbJ? wpfckvHk;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; jzpfonf/ 2wd 3;16-17)usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'fwnf;&nfnTef;½kHjzifh or®mw&m;r&½Sdacs/ (usrf;csufwpf csufwnf;jzifhtwnfjyKjcif;- proof-texting)!

2/ or®musrf;pm\or®mw&m;rsm; (ta½SUwdkif;pmay)tm; usKd;aMumif;azmfjyrI (0g)qefUusifwufjzpfae [eftcsufESpfcsufygaom twGJrsm;tm;jzifh wifjyavh½Sdonf/ ("r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;rSm vkumrS vTJvQif trsm;oHk;*&dpmjzifh a&;om;um? a[NAJtawG;jzifh awG;olrsm;jzpfaMumif; owd&yg/ ynmqdkif &musrf;rsm;ESifh uAsmtvuFmusrf;rsm;onf or®mw&m;udk twGJvdkufazmfjyavh½Sdonf/ wpfckESihf wpfck qefYusifaomyHkpHtwGJrsm;onf qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef wifjyyHk (paradox)rsm;ESifhwlonf/ aygif;pyfaomtwGJrsm;onf usrf;NydKifrsm;ESifhtvm;o@mefwlonf/) xdkazmfjyrIESpfzufpvHk; olYt wdkif;twmESifh olrSefuefMuonf! qefYusifbufjzpfae[efwifjyrIrsm;onf rdrdwdkYpdwfBudKuf? vG,fulpGm em;vnfvdkjcif;ESifhrudkufnDacs/ u/ BudKwifa½G;cs,fcefUxm;jcif;onf vl\vGwfvyfaomqE´ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ c/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ vHkjcHKrIonf pGJNrJrIvdktyfjcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ */ ADZtjypfonf pdwfqE´tavsmuf jyKaomtjypfESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ C/ bk&m;jzpfaom a,½IESifhvljzpfaoma,½IrSm tNydKifjzpfonf/ i/ a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifhbkef;awmf nDwljzpfjcif;onf a,½Iu crnf;awmftm; tapcHjcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ p/ or®musrf;pmonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfjzpfjcif;rSm a&;om;olvlom;jzpfjcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ q/ tjypfuif;pifjcif; (pHkvifjynfh0jcif;0g'? a&mr 6)onf tjypfenf;EdkiforQenf;jcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ Z/ ppcsif; wpfcgwnf;ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefU½Sif;pifMu,frIrSm ydkíydkí oefU½Sif;pifMu,foGm;jcif; ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ p/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmihfrwfjcif;onf (a&mr 4)tvkyf^tusifhtm;jzifh twnfjzpfaom ajzmifhrwfjcif; (,mukyf 2;24-26)ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ n/ c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrIonf (a&mr 14;1-23/ 1aum 8;1-13/ 10;23-33) c&pf,mef\wm0ef½SdrIESifh (*vmwd 5;16-21/ {zuf 4;1) tNydKifjzpfonf/

#/ bk&m;ocif\omvGefxl;uJrIonf vl\twGif;tpÆKwåo@mefESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/

X/ bk&m;ociftm; t<uif;rJhoduRrf;EdkifrI r½Sdjcif;onf or®musrf;pmESifh c&pfawmftm;jzifh oduRrf;jcif;ESifhtNydKifjzpfonf/

!/ u,fwifjcif;twGuf aygvk\wifpm;azmfjyrI (metaphor)rsm;pGmwdkUrSm

(1) om;t&mücefUjcif; (arG;pm;jcif;)

(2) oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;

(3) ajzmifhrwfapjcif;

(4) a½G;EIwfjcif;

(5) bkef;BuD;apjcif;

(6) BudKwifa½G;cs,fcefUxm;jcif;

(7) jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;

O/ bk&m;ocif\ypöKyÜefEdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfü¤if;\ NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/

P/ bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfaom aemifw&jcif;onf u,fwifjcif;&&ef wHkUjyefrItwGuf trdefUjzpfaom aemifw&jcif;(rmuk 1;15/ wref 20;21)ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ w/ "r®a[mif;usrf;rSm tNrJtouf0ifaeonf[k qdkjcif;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;rSm acwfukefoGm;NyD;? ysufjy,fqdwfokOf;oGm;cJhNyD (róJ 3;17-19 tNydKif 5;21-48/ a&mr 7 tNydKif *vmwd 3) [k qdkjcif;ESifhtNydKifjzpfonf/ x/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tapcHrsm;^uRefrsm;jzpfonfqdkjcif;ESifh om;orD;rsm;^tarGcHrsm;jzpfonfqdkjcif;wdkUrSm tNydKifjzpfonf/

]]0g<um;p&mtaMumif;udky,fNyD}} þa0g[m& (ek [out] kleio [shut])wdkU aygif;pyfjcif;udk þae&mESifh *vmwd 4;17 üomoHk;onf/ vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm ]]tvkyfydwfonf}}[líjzpfonf/



]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh}} bk&m;ocif\y#dnOfw&m;topf a, 31;31-34/ (a,& 36;22-38)onf vkyfaqmifrItay: tajcjyKjcif;r[kwfbJ aus;Zl;*½kPmESifhjynfhaom p½dkufawmfESifhuwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;? udk;pm;jcif;jzpfonfh trust/ faith/ belief wnf;[laom (pistis )udk tajcjyKonf/ y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh topfESpfrsKd;vHk;rSm usqif;cJhNyD;aom vlom;tm; bk&m;ocif\p½kdufawmf (ajzmifhrwfjcif;Oyrm 0wf 19;2/ róJ 5;48/ a&mr 8;29) twkdif; ajymif;vJoGm;ap&efjzpfonf/ 3;28 ]]vlwpfa,mufonf ynwfw&m;\tusi fhrygbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;cH& onf[k igwdkUtckdiftrmqdkMuonf}} ¤if;onf 3;21-26tm; tusOf;csLHUjcif;ESifh tcef;BuD; 4-8wdkUtm; wiful;í t&dyfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ (2wd 1;9/ wd 3;5)/ u,fwifjcif;onf c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhonfh tvkyfrSwqifh tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaomfvnf; (3;24/ 5;15?17/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9) &ifhusufjcif;rSmrl emcHaom?aqmif½Guf aom? 0wfjyKudk;uG,faomtoufwmjzpfonfh ]]t&mcyfodrf;}}tm; ¤if;\wefbdk;tjzpf ay;qyf&onf/ (*vm wd 5;6/ {zuf 2;10/ zdvdyÜd 2;12 ESi 1;5 \rSwfcsufrsm;üMunfhyg/ 3;29 bk&m;ocif\&nf½G,fcsufrSm o@mefawmftwkdif; zefqif;cJhonfh vlom;tm;vHk; a½G;EIwf&efjzpfonf/ (urÇm 1;26? 27/ 5;1/ 9;6)/ a½G;EIwfjcif;uwdawmfjzpfonfh urÇm 3;15rSm tm'H\om;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;

twGufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf urÇmtm; a½G;cs,f&eftvdkUiSg? tmjA[Hudka½G;cs,fcJhonf/ (urÇm 12;31/ xGuf 19;4-6/ a,m 3;16)/ þtcef;i,fonf 3;9enf;wl a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;acgif;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrItm; ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ *sL;rsm;\0wfjyKudk;uG,frItm; wm;qD;aom Nero bk&if\trdefU awmfaMumifh *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf a&mrNrdKUrS xGufcGgoGm;MuNyD;? ¤if;wdkUae&mwGif wyg;trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif rsm;tpm;xdk;0ifvmonf/ tcef;BuD; 9-11onfvnf; þwif;rmrIudkyif ajymaejcif;jzpfEkdifonf/

3;30

NASB ]]pifppfrlum; bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\}}

NKJV ]]bk&m;ocif wpfql½Sd\}}

NRSV ]]bk&m;ocifrSm wpfqlwnf;jzpf\}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfqljzpf\}}

NJB ]]bk&m;ocif wpfqlwnf;½Sdawmfrl\}} ¤if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufygaom0gusjzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefuefaomt&mtjzpf rSwf,ljcif; (0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;t,l0g'rSefonfqdkvQif? xdkt½SifrSm vlom;tm;vHk;\ bk&m;yifjzpfayrnf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;wpfqlwnf;om½Sdonf[laom t,l0g' tpöa&; (tmjA[H 2000 bD? pD)twGufrSmrl ]]bk&m;trsm;xJu}}tqifhjrifhbk&m; high good- odkUr[kwf t>rmbk&m;jzpfaom (Zoroastrianism)? aumif;jrwfonfh Iranian bk&m;rQomvQifr[kwfbJ? wpfql wnf;omvQifjzpfaom bk&m;onfom tppftrSefjzpfonf/ ½Sm;½Sm;yg;yg; cRif;csufwpfa,muf tD*spfEdkifiHü wpfcPom½SdcJhbl;onf/ (Akhenatan tjzpfvnf; od½Sdxm;Muonfh pwkw¬Kajrmuf Amenhotep IV jzpfonf/ 1367-1350 (0g) 1386-1361 bD? pD) þt,l0g'udk "r®a[mif;usrf;ü pum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh azmfjyonf/

]]igwdkU\ Elohim jzpfaom YHWH ESifhwlaomolwpfa,mufrQr½Sd/}}xGuf 8;10/ 9;14/ w&m; 33;26/ 3"r® 8;23/

w&m; 4;35? 39/ 32;39/ 1"r® 2;2/ 2"r® 22;32/ a[½Sm 45;21/ 44;6? 8/ 45;6? 21/

YHWH onf wpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\}}/ w&m; 6;4/ a&mr 3;30/ 1aum 8;4? 6/ 1wd 2;5/ ,mukyf 2;19/

2"r® 7;22/ a,& 10;16/

bk&m;jzpfawmfrl\/}} qm 86;10/ a[½Sm 37;16/

zefqif;&mxJu tb,fbk&m;ocifrQr½Sd? ighaemufrSmvnf; tb,fbk&m;ocifrQr½Sd}} a[½Sm 43;10/

a[½Sm 45;5? 6? 22/

tjcm;bk&m;r½Sd}} a[½Sm 45;14? 18/

a[½Sm 45;21/

igrSwyg;? iguJhodkUaomtjcm;bk&m;r½Sd}} a[½Sm 46;9/

tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aom þt,l0g'tm; wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh zGifhjycJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; 0efcH&ayrnf/ ueOD;azmfjycsufrsm;rSm ]]xm0&bk&m;ocifon tjcm;bk&m;wdkU\txG#ftxdyfjzpfonf}} (henotheism) odkUr[kwf vufawGUtm;jzifhrl wpfqlwnf;aombk&m; t,l0g'jzpfonf[k em;vnfxm;&efjzpfonf/ (tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;½Sdaomfvnf;? igwdkUtwGufrSmrl wpfqlwnf;omvQifjzpfonf/ xGuf 15;11/ 20;2-5/ w&m; 3;28/ 5;7/ 6;4? 14/ 10;17/ 32;12/ 3"r® 8;23/ qm 83;18/ 86;8/ 136;1-2) yxrqHk;tBudrf{u0kpf(tenf;)udef;jzifh azmfjyaomusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm apmapmuyifjzpfonf/ (xGuf 8;10/ 9;14/ w&m; 4;35? 39/ 33;26)/ tjynfhtpHk tNydKifjzpfaom tqdkrsm;udk a[½Sm, 43-46 twGif; awGU½Sd&onf/ (43;11/ 44;6? 8/ 45;7? 14? 18? 22/ 46;5? 9)/ "r®opfusrf;onf w&m;a[m 6;4 tm; a&mr 3;30/ 1aum 8;4? 6/ {zuf 4;6/ 1wd 2;5 ESifh ,mukyf 2;19 wdkUünTef;onf/ a,½Ionf ¤if;tm; ynwådusrf;\tBuD;qHk;tcsuftjzpf róJ 22;36-37/ rmuk 12;29-30/ vkum 10;27 wdkUü azmfjynTef;qdkonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;enf;wl? "r®opfusrf;onfvnf; tjcm;aomeH0dnmOfrsm;½SdaMumif; cdkifrmpGm azmfjyaomfvnf; (ewfqdk;rsm;? aumif;uifwrefrsm;) zefqif;½Sif^ a½G;EIwfaomt½Sif xm0&t½Sifbk&m;ocif YHWH (urÇm 1;1) wpfqlwnf;udkomvQif tckdiftrmazmfjyonf/ or®musrf;pmvm wpfqllwnf;aombk&m;½Siftm; xif½Sm;atmif azmfjyrIrsm;rSm

1/ xm0&bk&m;½Sifonf wpfqlwnf;ESifhtppftrSefjzpfonf/ (,xmblwoabmaqmifaomfvnf; twdtusr[kwfacs)

2/ xm0&bk&m;½SifrSm yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf (urÇm 1;26-27/ 3;8)

3/ bk&m;ocifonf udk,fusihfw&m;ESifhqdkifonf/ (xGuf 34;6/ ae[rd 9;17/ qmvH 103;8-10)

4/ bk&m;ocifonfvlom;udk rdrdESifhrdwfo[m,jyKap&ef (#2) rdrd\o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;onf/ (urÇm 1;26-27) olonf o0efwdkwwfaombk&m;jzpfonf/ (xGuf 20;2-3/ tjypf½Sdonf[k xifvG,fol^o0efwdkwwfol)

"r®opfusrf;xJwGif

1/ bk&m;ocifü xm0&jzpfaom? yk*¾dKvftm;jzifh ay:vGifrIoHk;ck½Sdonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oHk;qlbk&m; - 8;11 üMunfhyg)/

2/ bk&m;ocifonf pHkvifjynfh0pGmjzifh a,½ItxJ zGifhjycJhonf/ (a,m 1;1-14/ aum 1;15-19/ a[NAJ 1;2-3)

3/ usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; a½G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\ xm0&tpDtpOfrSm? ol\wpfyg;wnf; aomom;awmfonf ,Zfaumiftjzpf rdrdudk,frdrd ay;vSLylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[½Sm 53/ rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21/ zdvd 2;6-11/ a[NAJ)

]]ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkUtm; ,HkMunfj cif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapawmfrlonf}} ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}} [laom *&dpum;vHk;rSm ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}pum;ESifh rl&if;twlwlyifjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m- 1;17 üMunfhyg/ bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuef&ef enf;vrf;wpfckwnf;omvQif½Sdonf/ (a&mr 9;30-32)/ u,fwifjcif; twGuf owfrSwfaompHEIef;ESpf&yfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;ESi aemifw&jcif;jzpfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/ 20;21/ 1;5 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/) ¤if;onf *sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGufrSefonf/



]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh...,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh}} þpum;pkESpfrsKd;rSm tvm;wljzpfaMumif;odomonf/ 0dbwfjzpfaom ek ESifh dia wdkUudk tjyeftvSefoHk;NyD;? uGJjym;jcm;em;aomoabm &nf½G,fjcif;r½Sdacs/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 3;31

31odkUjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;j zifh ynwfw&m;awmfukd y,fzsufMuoavm ? xdkodkUrnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfEkdifacs ! xdkodkUjzpf&rnfhtpm; igwdkUonf ynwfw&m;awmfudk cdkifNrJap Mu\/

3;31

NASB ]]odkUjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m; tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfudk y,fzsufcJhMu oavm ?}}

NKJV ]]odkYjzpfvQif igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif ;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmfukd qdwfokOf;oGm;apcJhMuoavm ?}}

NRSV ]]odkUjzpfvQif? igwkdUonf þ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh ynwfw&m;awmftm; arSmufvSefcJhMuoavm ?}}

TEV ]]igwdkUonf þ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;jzifh yn wfw&m;awmfudk z,f½Sm;cJhMuonf[k qdkvdk oavm ?}}

NJB ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;onf ynwfw&m;awmfudk ta Mumif;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf[k qdkvdkoavm}}

"r®opfusrf;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aomenf;vrf;ESpfrsKd;jzifh wifjyonf/

1/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifay;aom zGifhjyrIjzpfNyD;? rnfonfhtcgürQ ysufpD;oGm; rnfr[kwfacs/ (róJ 5;17-19/ a&mr 7;12? 14? 16)

2/ ¤if;onf a[mif;EGrf;í? ukefvGefcJhNyD(a[NAJ 8;13) aygvkonf ]]ysufjy,f}}(nullify)pum;vHk;udk tBudrfaygif;ESpfq,fhig;Budrfwdkif oHk;cJhonf/ ¤if;pum;vHk; tm; ]]ysufjy,fí qdwfokOf;oGm;aponf}} ]]wefckd;rJhjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]tusKd;oufa&mufrIr½Sd jzpfoGm;aponf}} [lí bmomjyefMuonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 3;3 üMunfhyg/ aygvktqdkrSmrl ynwfw&m;awmfrSm txdef; awmf(*vm 3;23)ESihf q&m (*vm 3;24)jzpfaomfvnf; xm0&toufudkrl ray;Ekdifacs/ (*vm 2;16? 19/ 3;19) vlom;tm; jypf'PfpD&if&mü ¤if;udktajcjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (*vm 3;13/ aum 2;14)/ ]]tqdk;taumif;cGJ jcm;odjrif&mtyif}}enf;wl arma½S\ynwådusrf;onfvnf; zGifhjyjcif;ESifh vl\usifh0wftm;prf;oyfrIjzpfonf/ ynwfw&m;[kqdk&mü aygvk\qdkvdk&if;rSm roJuGJacs/

1/ *sL;bmom\ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkif&menf;pHepf

2/ c&pfawmftxJ u,fwifjcif;&&ef wyg;trsKd;om;,HkMunfolrsm; jzwfoGm;Mu&rnfh tqifhwqifh (*vmwdtoif;awmfwGif;½Sd *sL;bmom0ifrsm;)

]]ynwfw&m;awmfudk cdkifNrJapMu\}} aemufu pum;pkudkMunfhygu? þpum;pk\t"dyÜg,frSm tb,fenf;? jzpfEkdifacsrSm



1/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf u,fwifjcif;&&ef vrf;r[kwfbJ? qufvufapmifhxdef;oGm;&ef udk,fusihfw&m; vrf;jyjzpfonf/ 2/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} 3;21/ 4;3 Mo0g'tm; oufaocHonf/ (urÇm 15;6/ qmvH 32;1-2? 10-11)

3/ ynwfw&m;\tm;enf;rI (vlom ;\qefUusifykefuefrI a&mr 7/ *vm 3)tay: bk&m;ocif

auseyfrIudk c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;u jynfhpHkaponf 8;3-4/ 4/ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;\&nf½G,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfudk vlom;txJjyefvnfazmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ w&m;Oya'qdkif&m ajzmifhrwfjcif;oabmtm;jzifh y nwfw&m;awmfonf ppfrSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;^ c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif;twGuf vrf;jywpfckjzpfvmonf/ txl;taMumif; t&m/ / arma½S\ynwådusrf;tay: aygvk\tjrif 13;9 üMunfhyg/ xdwfvefUbG,f&maumif;onfh qefUusifbufjzpfae[ef rSefaomt&mwpfckrSm bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwf jcif;wnfNrJap&ef ynwfw&m;onf rpGrf;aqmifEkdifcJhaomfvnf;? ¤if;\ysufjy,foGm;rIrS wpfqifh c&pf,mef onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh ajzmifhrwfaom? bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom b0jzifh touf½SifoGm;Muonf/ ynwfw&m;awmf\yef;wkdifrSm atmifjrifoGm;cJhNyD jzpfonf/ odkUaomf vlom; \aqmif½GufrItm;jzifh r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmftxJ? bk&m;ocif\tcrJhaus;Zl;awmf aMumifhomjzpfygownf;! 4;1-12 ]]cdkifNrJaponf }}a0:0g[m&tm; txl;taMumif;t&m/ /&yfwnfonf 5;2 üMunfhyg/ aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf;a&;om; olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/

aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaomþar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/

1/ a&mr 3;21-31tm; rdrdpum;jzifh tusOf;csLHUyg/

2/ bk&m;ocifonf twdwfumvuvlom;wdkU\tjypfrsm;udk tb,faMumifhvpfvsL½IcJhoenf;? (i,f 25)

3/ "r®a[mif;acwf,HkMunfolrsm; rnfodkUrnfyHktjypfrS u,fwifjcif;&cJhMuoenf;? (3;25)

4/ a,½Itm; ,HkMunfjcif;onf ynwfw&m;awmfukd rnfodkUcdkifNrJapoenf;? (3;31)/

UBS4

a&mr 4

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcGJrsm;

NKJV NRSV

tmjA[H\Oyrm tmjA[Honf ,HkMunf

TEB NJB

tmjA[H\Oyrm tmjA[Honf jcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm; apjcif;& ajzmifhrwfjcif;& jzihfajzmifhrwf apjcif;&

4;1-12 4;1-4

tmjA[Honf

4;1-8 4;1-8 4;1-8 'g0d'fonftvm;wl ta&zsm;rvSD;rD or®mw&m;udkjy ajzmifhrwfap 4;5-8 jcif;& tmjA[Honfta&zsm; rvSD;rDajzmifhrwfapjcif;&

4;9-12

4;9-12 4;9-12 4;9-12 ,HkMunfjcif; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh uwdawmf tmjA[H\ppfrSefaom bk&m;ocif\ ynwfawmf tm;jzifhuwdawmf twdkif;ay;oem; tEG,frsm; uwdawmftwdkif;& vdkufemí udk&½Sdap ajzmifhrwfonf r[kwf

4;13-25 4;13-25

4;13-15 4;13-15 4;13-17 4;16-25 4;16-25 tmjA[H\ ,HkMunfjcif; onfc&pf,mef ,HkMunfjcif;\Oyrm 4;18-25

zwfvnfzwf½I\ tausmhoHk;(pmrsufESm Xi -Munfh)

rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif; ¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm; &efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\taMumif; t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif; t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/ 1/ yxrpmydk'f

2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f

3/ wwd, pmydk'f

4/ ... pojzifh

pmtquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;tm; arma½S\ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh vHk;0r[kwfbJ? tcrJhvufaqmif tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefoltjzpf ausnmay;jcif;cH&onf[k tckdiftrmqdkaom aygvk\ xdwfvefUbG,f&m oGefoifcsuftm; 3;21-31üazmfjyonf/ aygvk\pdwfxJü *sL;bmomtm; qefYusifaomoabm½SdaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/ ,ckaygvkonf rdrda[monfh {0Ha*vdowif; aumif;rSm rdrdtqef;xGifjcif;r[kwfaMumif;tm; (3;21) "r®a[mif;usrf;rS tmjA[HESifh'g0d'fwdkUtm; jzifh Oyrmay;um oufaojyonf/ (ti,f 6-8)

c/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmihfrwfjcif;Mo0g'twGuf udk;um;aomtaxmuftxm;rsm;udk arma½S\ ynwådusrf;jzpfonfh urÇmOD;usrf;rS w&m;a[m&musrf;wnf;[laom yxrusrf;ig;wdkUrS,lum a&mr 4 üwifjyxm;onf/ þtaMumif; 3;21-31ü tusOf;csKHUazmfjyonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wpfOD;twGuf qdkygrl arma½S\usrf;rsm; udk;um;azmfjyjcif;? txl;ojzifh *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\zcifBuD;tjzpf ½Ijrifjcif; cH&ol tmjA[HESifhqdkifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;tm; udk;um;azmfjyjcif;onf "r®oabmw&m;t& txl;t"dyÜg,fjynfh0onf/ 'g0d'ftm; <uvmvwHhaom ar½Sd,\yHkpHtjzpf ½Ijrifxm;Muonf/ (2"r®&mZ0if 7)

*/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGuf ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;ESifh ,HkMunfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrI aMumifh þtaMumif;tm; aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm;onf olwdkU tm;ae;½dk; (Nero)bk&ifBuD;u a&mrNrdKUtm; pGefUcGgxGufajy;apvdkonf[k cHpm;cJhMuonf/ (olu *sL;rsm;\bmoma&;yGJawmfrsm; tm;vHk;y,fzsufonf)/ toif;awmftwGif; olwdkU\ae&mudk wpfyg;trsKd;om;c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrsm; tpm;xdk;ae&m,lMuonf/ yxrtokwf jyefvmolrsm; aMumifh acgif;aqmifae&m rnfol,l&rnftaMumif;ESifh tjiif;yGg;rIjzpfyGg;vmcJhonf/

C/ usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;onf rdrdwdkU&½Sdaom0dnmOfa&;&mtvif;w&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIjyKum? bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESih aemifw&jcif;rSwqifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh u,fwif jcif;&cJhMujcif;jzpfaMumif; a&mr 4 uazmfjyonf/ (urÇm? 15;6/ a&mr 4;3)/ topfaomy#dnOf w&m;onf enf;vrf;aygif;rsm;pGmjzifh y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ESifh jywfjywfxifxif uGJjym;jcm;onf r[kwfacs/ a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-38)

i/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufjcif;tm; vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf vrf;zGifhay;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? ueOD;,HkMunfjcif; zcifBuD;rsm;(0g)tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm;twGufomvQif r[kwfacs/

p/ aygvkonf ,cifu *vmwd 3üazmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; tmjA[HtaMumif;udktajcjyKum rdrd\"r®o abmw&m;qdkif&m wifjyrItm; þae&mü tus,fw0ifhazmfjyonf/

q/ uREfkyfonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; c&pf,mefwpfOD;taejzifh a&mr 3;21-31/ 4;1-25/ 5;1-21 ESifh *vmwd 3wdkUrSm tqHk;tjzwfay;aomusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfonf[k 0efcHygonf/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'frsm;onf

c&pf,meftaMumif;tm; uRefawmfem;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonfhenf;jzihf

½Sif;vif;ay;ygonf/ uRefawmf\ajrmfvifhjcif;onf atmufygwdkUtay: tajcwnfaeygonf/

1/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmf

2/ c&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmf

3/ or®musrf;pm\ ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI

4/ aygvk\ ½Sif;vif;aompmrsm; pum;vHk;ESihf pum;pkavhvmrI

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 4;1-8 1xdkodkUjzpfvQif? igwdkUbdk;ab;tmjA[Honf ao G;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh b,ftusKd;&oenf;/ 2tmjA[H onf tusihftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufonfrSe fvQif 0g<um;p&mtaMumif;½Sd\/ odkUaomf bk&m; ocifha½SUawmfü xdkodkUr[kwf/ 3usrf;pmü tb,fodkUvmoenf; tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifukd,HkMunf onfjzpfí ol\,HkMunfjcif;udk ajzmifhr wfjcif;uJhodkU rSwf,lawmfrl\/ 4tusifh½Sdaomolrnfonfum; rsufESmomay;rItm;jzifh tusKd;cHpm;& onfr[kwf/ &xdkufaomt&mtm; &½Sdjcif;jzpf\/ 5tusifhr½Sd aomolrnfonfum; bk&m;w&m;r½Sdaomoltm; aj zmifhrwfapaomoludk ,HkMunfvQif? ol\,HkMunf jcif;udk ajzmifhrwfjcif;uJhodkUrSwf,l\/ 6xdkUtwl tusihfudkraxmufbJ? bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfap awmfrljcif; cH&ol\aumif;csD;taMumif; 'g0d'fonfvnf; ajymonfhtwdkif; 7w&m;rJhaomtjyKtrlrsm; tm; tjypfvTwfjcif;cH&um? ¤if;wdkU\tjypfz Hk;tkyfay;jcif;cH&olwdkUonf r*Fvm½SdMu\/ 8 xm0&bk&m; \ jypfwifawmfrljcif;ESifhvTwfaomolonf r*Fvm½Sd\/

4;1 ]]igwdkUbdk;ab;tmjA[H}} tmjA[H\emrnft"dyÜg,frSm ]]vlrsm;pGmwdkU\zcif}}[líjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1618)/ ol\rlvemrnf ]]tmjAH}}onf ]]csD;ajr§mufjcif;cH&aomzcif}}[lí t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ þae&müoHk;onfh pma&;[efrSm jypfwifa0zefpmrsKd;jzpfonf/ (4;1/ 6;1/ 7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14?30) tmjA[Htm; Oyrmxm;&jcif;rSm (urÇm 11;27-25;11)

1/ *sL;wdkUonf rdrdwdkUtrsKd;\rlvtjzpf xdkodkUaom*kPf,lrIrsm;½Sdjcif;aMumifh (róJ 3;9/ a,m[ef 8;33? 37? 39)

2/ oludk,fwdkif\ ,HkMunfjcif;onf y#dnOfw&m; yHkpHESihftvm;wlaejcif;aMumifh (urÇm 15;6)

3/ ol\,HkMunfjcif;onf arma½S\ynwådusrf;ay;jcif;xuf t&ifusaomaMumihf (xGuf 19-20)

4/ olUtm; rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm;rsm; toHk;jyKjcif;aMumifh (,k'bmom0ifrsm; Oyrm -*vmwd NrdKUom;rsm;) ueOD;usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf taMumif;&if;tcsKdUaMumif atmufygpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;wdkYtm; a,mif0g;0g;oHk; cJhMuonf/

1/ bdk;ab; (forefather MSS a*2)A, C*

2/ tb? MSS a 1, C3, D, E, G

xdkodkUjzpf&jcif;rSm tmjA[Honf tpöa&;vlrsKd;wdkU\bdk;ab; (Oyrm-acgif;aqmifaygvkonf toif;awmf wGif;½Sd *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;udk&nfnTef;onf) tjzpfESifhxdktmjA[Honfyif bk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfjcif;tm; usifhoHk;ol

tm;vHk;wdkU\ zcifjzpfjcif;ESpfrsKd; (*sL;ESifhwyg;trsKd;om;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;\zcif urÇm 2;28-29)tNydKifjzpfaejcif; ESpfrsKd;tMum; cGJa0&cufaeMujcif;jzpfEkdifonf/



]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 üMunfhyg/ 4;2 ]]vQif}} ¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;(A.T Robertson \ Word Pictures twGJ 4/ pm? 350 üMunfhyg/) pma&;ol\tjrifrS rSefuefonf[k ,lqrI(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tppftrSef r[kwfaomfvnf; "r®oabmw&m;\tcsufwpfcsuftm; &nfnTef;aejcif;oabmjzpfaom yxrtrsKd;tpm; cRif;csuf0gusrsm;twGuf Oyrmaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/ (i,f 14)/

Joseph A. Fitzmyer onfol\ The Anchor Bible twGJ 33? pm 327 üajymonfrSm xdk0gusonf a&maESmaomcRif;csufjzpfum (tmjA[Honf tusihftm;jzif ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufonfrSef]]vQif}}[kqdk&mü xdk odkYr[kwfojzifh tjzpfrSefESifhqefYusifaeonf/ 'kwd,ydkif;onf yxrwef;pm;jzpfonf/



]]tusihftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&muf}} ¤if;onf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmf aMumifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifhqefUusifbufjzpfonf/ þenf;jzifh vl\tm;xkwfrItm;jzifh(4;4)u,fwifjcif;&Ekdif cJhrnfqdkvQif c&pfawmf\vkyfaqmifrI vdktyfvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ ynwfw&m;awmf\tusifhrsm;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwf&modkUa&mufjcif;udk *sL;&AÁq&mBuD;rsm;pGmu tmjA[HESifh qdkifí tckdiftrmazmfjyMuonf/ (Wisdom 10:5; Ecclesiasticus 44:20-21; IMac. 2:52; Jubilees 6:19-20; 15:1-2) aygvkonf &AÁdq&mBuD; oifwef; wufcJholwpfOD;yDyD þusrf;ydk'f;rsm;udk aumif;pGmodxm;vdrfhrnfomjzpf\/ rnfodkUjzpfap usqif;cJhNyDjzpfaomvlom;onf bk&m;ocif\y#dnOfqdkif&mtvkyfrsm;udk aqmif½GufEkdif pGrf;r½Sdjcif;aMumifh "r®a[mif;usrf;onf usdefqJjcif;wpfrsKd;? ao'PfpD&ifcsufwpfckjzpfvmonf/ (*vmwd 3;13/ aum 2;14)/ *sL;"r®ynm½Sifrsm;onf arma½S\ynwådusrf;rwdkifrD tmjA[Htouf½SifcJhaMumif; od½SdcJhMuaomfvnf; olonf ynwfawmfudkwiful;od½SdNyD; apmifhxdef;vdkufemonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ (Ecclesiasticus 44:20 ESifh Jubilees 6:19-20; 15:1-2)

 ]]0g<um;p&m½Sd\}} þtoHk;tEIef;udk aygvka&;aompmrsm;ü rMumcPawGU&onf/ olü zg&d½SJwpfa,muf jzpfcJhaomaemufcHordkif;½Sdojzifh þjyóemudk olcHpm;od½Sdonf/ (3;27/ 1aum 1;29/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ txl; taMumif;t&m/ / 0g<um;jcif;taMumif; 2;17 üMunfhyg/ 4;3 NASB, NKJV NRSV, TEV ]]tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfonf}} NJB ]]tmjA[Honf rdrd\,HkMunfjcif;udk bk&m;ocifüxm;½Sdonf}} ¤if;rSm urÇm 15;6 rSaumufEkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þpum;udk þtcef;BuD;ü oHk;cgoHk;NyD; (4;3?9? 22) u,fwifjcif;taMumif;tm; "r®oabmw&m;t& aygvkem;vnfrIü rnfrQta&;BuD;aMumif; ay:vGifonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]],HkMunfjcif;}}a0g[m&\t"dyÜg,frSm opömapmifhjcif;? uwdwnfjcif;(0g) ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;jzpfNyD; bk&m;ocif\oabmobm0tm;azmfjyonf/ uRefawmfwdkUvlom;rsm;tm; azmfjy

jcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;onf a[jAJa0g[m& (emun, emunah)rSqif;oufNyD; ]]aocsmonf odkUr[kwf cdkifNrJonf}} [laomt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom ,HkMunfjcif;rSm

1/ pdwftm;jzifh oabmwljcif; (or®mw&m;udkodjcif;)

2/ pdwfqE´tm;jzifh qufuyfjcif; (qHk;jzwfjcif;)

3/ usifhMuHjyKrljcif; (touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH)

4/ rlvtm;jzifh awmfpyfrI (vlwpfa,muftm; vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;) txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu ,HkMunf? udk;pm;jcif;ESifh opöm½Sdjcif;(Believe, Trust, Faith and Faithfulness)taMumif; 1;5 üMunfhyg/ txl;owdjyK&efrSm tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;onf tem*wfumv ar½Sd,ür[kwfbJ? olYüom;a,musfm; wpfa,mufxGef;um;NyD;? tquftEG,frsm;½Sdrnf[laom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 12;2/ 15;2-5/ 17;4-8/ 18;14)/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ociftm; udk;pm;jcif;jzifh þuwdawmfudk wHkUjyefcJhonf/ ¤if;uwdawmfjynfhpHkvm&ef q,fhoHk;ESpfwdkifMumcJhojzifh olüoHo,rsm;ESifh? uwdawmfESifhqdkif aomjyóemrsm;½SdcJhonfomjzpf\/ rnfodkUjzpfapol\ rpHkvifaom,HkMunfjcif;udkyif? bk&m;ocifonf vufcHcJhonf/ vlom;onf tjypftemtqmESihfjzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifon rdrdESihf rdrd\uwdawmfrsm; tm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkUjyefolrsm;ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfvdkNyD;? olwdkU\,HkMunfjcif;onf rkefnif;apht½G,frQyif jzpfapumrl vufcHawmfrl\/ (róJ 17;20)/

4;3? 4? 5? 6? 8? 9? 10? 22? 23? 24

NASB, NRSV ]]rSwf,lawmfrl\}}

NKJV ]],lqawmfrl\}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocifonf olUtm;vufcHawmfrl\}}

NJB ]]xdk,HkMunfjcif;udk...,lqonf}}

rSwf,lonf-reckoned (logizomia)3;28ESifh tcef;BuD; 4 ü 11BudrfoHk;onf)qdkonfrSm pm&if;Z,m; qdkif&ma0g[m&jzpfNyD; ]]wmcsay;onf}} ]]wpfpHkwpfa,muf\pm&if;ü aiGoGif;onf}} (LXX urÇm 15;6/ 0wf 7;18/ 17;4)[líjzpf\/ tvm;wlor®mw&m;udk 2aum 5;21ESifh*vmwd 3;6 wdkUü vSypGmazmfjyonf/ urÇm 15;6 ESifh qmvH 32;2wdkUü pm&if;Z,m;qdkif&ma0g[m&]]aiGoGif;onf}}pum;vHk;oHk;ojzifh aygvkonf ¤if; usrf;ydk'fESpfckpvHk; aygif;pyfoHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ þuJhodkUaygif;pyfoHk;EIef;jcif;rSm &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;oHk;onfh teufzGifhjcif;qdkif&m ed,rwpfckjzpfonf/ *&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;usrf; (LXX)ürl aiGpkjcif;qdkif&ma0g[m&roHk;bJ? pmtkyfxdef;odrf;jcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&toHk;jyKNyD; 'Ha,v 7;10/ 12;1 wdkUü azmfjyaompmtkyfrsm;ESifh qufpyfrI½SdEkdifonf/ wifpm;azmfjyrI jzpfaom þpmtkyfESpftkyf (bk&m;ocif\rSwfwrf;) rSm

1/ usifhMuHjyKrljcif;qdkif&mpmtkyf (qmvH 56;8/ 139;16/ a[½Sm 65;6/ rmv 3;16/ Asm 20;12-13)

2/ toufpmapmif (xGuf 32;32/ qmvH 69;28/ a[½Sm 4;3/ 'H 12;1/ vk 10;20/ zd 4;3/ a[NAJ 12;23/ Asm 3;5/ 13;8/ 17;8/ 20;15/ 21;27) tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;tm; ol\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf bk&m;ocifa&;om;azmfjy&m pmtkyfrSm]]toufpmapmif}}ü jzpfonf/

4;3? 5? 6? 9? 10? 11? 13? 22? 25 ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf}} ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf; a0g[m&jzpfaom ]]wdkif;wm&musL;vHk;}}(tsadak)udk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmftm;azmfjy&ef wif

pm;toHk;jyKonfh aqmufvkyfa&;qdkif&ma0g[m&jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ajzmifhrwfNyD;? vlom;tm;vHk; rSm aumufauG;Muonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü ¤if;pum;vHk;udk bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHudk arQmfvifh aomt"dyÜg,fjzifh &yfwnfcsufESifhqdkifaom w&m;Oya'(w&m;pD&ifa&;)qdkif&mt"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mef wdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ajrmfvifhjcif;rSm rdrd\p½dkufawmfyifjzpfNyD;? wpfenf;tm;jzi c&pfawmfESifhwljcif; jzpfonf/ (8;28-29/ *vmwd 4;19)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; - 1;17 üMunfhyg/

4;5 ,HkMunfjcif;\tESpfom&rSm rdrdukd,frdrd zGifhjyawmfrlol bk&m;ociftm; rdrd\tm;xkwfrI(0g)xdkufwefrI tay: tm;xm;jcif;vHk;0rjyKbJ? wHkUjyefjcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcgu,fwifjcif;&um? 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfvmcJhNyD qdkvQif rdrdwdkU\touf½Sifjcif; yHkpHta&;BuD;r[kwfawmhacs[laom oabmr[kwfacs/ c&pf,mef\yef;wdkifrSm wrvGefb0ü aumif;uifbHktm; tarGcHjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,ckvuf½Sdü c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmf wdkUonf rdrdwdkU\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumifh u,fwifjcif;? ajzmifhrwfapjcif;rsm;&½Sdonfr[kwf/ uRefawmfwdkU\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;jzi rSefuefaom&yfwnfjcif;&½SdMuonf r[kwfaomfvnf;? aumif;aomt&mrsm;jyK&ef a½G;EIwfcHMujcif;jzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-9 ESifh 10/ ,mukyfESifh1a,m[ef)/ toufwmajymif;vJcJhNyD;? ajymif;vJ vsuf½Sdaejcif;rSm vlwpfa,muf u,fwifjcif;&aMumif;\taxmuftxm;jzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;onf oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfay:aponf/



]],HkMunfonf}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLEjzpfonf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /,HkMunfonf? udk;pm;onf

FAITH, BELIEVE, OR TRUST, Pistis (emrf) PisteuŌ (Bud,m) Pistos (emr0daooe)/ u/ or®musrf;pmü ¤if;\ta&;BuD;yHkudk a[NAJ 11;1? 6 üawGU&onf/ ¤if;rSm a,½I\ueOD;a[m Mum;onfhtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/ (rm 1;15)/ y#dnOfw&m;opfü tenf;qHk; awmif;qdkrIESpfck ½Sd&m aemifw&jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1;15/ wrefawmf 3;16? 19/ 20;21)/ c/ ¤if;\rlvZpfjrpfrSm

1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]],HkMunfjcif;}}-faith \t"dyÜg,frSm opöm½Sdjcif; uwdopömapmifhjcif;(0g) ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocif\obm0tm; a&;om;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ vl\obm 0tm; azmfjy&efroHk;acs/

2/ ¤if;onf a[NAJa0g[m& (emun, emunal)rS qif;oufvmNyD;]]aocsmonf odkUr[kwf ckdifcHh onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom ,HkMunfjcif;(faith)onf pdwfykdif;qdkif&m or®mw&m;udpö&yfrsm;? toufwmqdkif&m udk,fusihfw&m;ESifh rlvawmfpyfrI(vlwpfOD;tm; vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;)ESifh tqdkygvlyk*¾dKvfü pdwfqE´tm;jzifh qufuyfrI(qHk;jzwfjcif;)jzpfonf/

*/ ¤if;a0g[m&tm; "r®a[mif;usrf;ü toHk;jyKyHkudk txl;azmfjy&efrSm tmjA[H\,HkMunfrIonf tem*wf ar½Sd,ü r[kwfbJ? olon om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufxGef;um;NyD;? tquftEG,frsm; ½Sdrnf[laom bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 12;2/ 15;2-5/ 17;4-8/ 18;14)/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ociftm; udk;pm;jcif;jzifh wHkUjyefrIjyKonf/ tqdkyg uwdawmftwdkif;jzpfvm&ef ESpfaygif;wq,fhoHk;ESpfwdkif Mumanmif;cJhojzifh olüvnf; oHo,

rsm;ESifh jyóemrsm;½Sdonfomjzpf\/ rnfodkUjzpfap ol\rpHkrvifaom,HkMunfjcif;udkyif bk&m;ocifvufcHawmfrlonfomjzpf\/ vlom;onf tjypftemtqmESifhjzpfaomfvnf;?bk&m; ocifonf rdrdESifhrdrd\uwdawmfrsm;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkUjyefolrsm;ESifhtwl? tvkyfvkyf vdkNyD; olwdkU\,HkMunfjcif;onf rkefnif;apht½G,frQyifjzpfygap vufcHay;awmfrl\/ (róJ 17;20)/

C/ ¤if;tm; "r®opfusrf;ü toHk;jyKyHk ]],HkMunf}}-belief qdkaom a0g[m&onf *&da0g[m&(pisteuo)rSjzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfonf-belief odkUr[kwf]]udk;pm;onf}}-trust (0g)faith tjzpf bmomjyefEkdifonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh emrfjzpfonfh faith udk a,m[efc&pf0ifusrf;ü roHk;aomfvnf; Bud,mjzpfonfh belief or trust udk rMumcP oHk;onf/ a,m[ef 2;23-25üvltkyfBuD;onf emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½Itay: ar½Sd,tjzpf qufuyfrIrSm tppftrSef[kwfr[kwf raocsmay/ þtay:,H]],HkMunf}}-belief a0g[m& twGuf tjcm;aomOyrmrsm;rSm a,m[ef 8;31-59 ESifh wrefawmf 8;13? 18-24 wdkUjzpf onf/ or®musrf;tvdkt& ppfrSefaom,HkMunfjcif;onf tpjyKwHkUjyefvdkuf½Hkxuf ydkrdkonf/ ¤if;tm; wynfhawmfjzpfjcif;u vdkufygvm&ygrnf/ (róJ 13;20-22/ 31-32)/

i/ ¤if;tm; 0dbwfrsm;ESifhwGJí oHk;EIef;yHk

1/ eis onf ]]txJodkU}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\udk;pm;rI trust/faith tm; a,½ItxJ xm;½Sdonf[ktxl;jyKonf/ (u) emrawmfxJü (a,m 1;12/ 2;23/ 3;18/ 1a,m 5;13)/ (c) udk,fawmf\txJü (a,m 2;11/ 3;15? 18/ 4;39/ 6;40/ 7;5? 31? 39? 48/ 8;30/ 9;36/ 10;42/ 11;45? 48/ 17;37? 42/ róJ 18;6/ wref 10;43/ zd 1;29/ 1ay 1;8)/

(*) ightxJü (a,m 6;35/ 7;38/ 11;25? 26/ 12;44? 46/ 14;1? 12/ 16;9/ 17;20)/ (C) om;awmftxJü (a,m 3;36/ 9;35/ 1a,m 5;10) (i) a,½ItxJü (a,m 12;11/ wref 19;4/ *vm 2;16) (p) tvif;awmftxJü (a,m 12;36) (q) bk&m;ociftxJü (a,m[ef 14;1)

2/ en onf a,m 3;15/ rmuk 1;15/ wref 5;14wdkUrSm enf;wl]]txJ-in}}[lí t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/

3/ epi onf róJ 27;42/ wref 9;42/ 11;17/ 16;31/ 22;19/ a&mr 4;5? 24/ 9;33/ 10;11/ 1wd 1;16/ 1ay 2;6 wdkUrSm enf;wl]]txJ}}odkUr[kwf tay:(upon)[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/

4/ 0dbwfrygbJ? uwåm;yk'f DATIVE CASE tjzpf awGU&onfrSm *vmwd 3;6/ wref 18;8/ 27;25/ 1a,m 3;23/ 5;10/ 5/ hoti \t"dyÜg,frSm ]]aMumif;tm; ,HkMunf}}[lít"dyÜg,f½SdNyD; ,HkMunf&rnfht&mrSm

(u) a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\oefU½Sif;awmfrloljzpfaMumif; (6;69)

(c) a,½Ionf]]ig}}qdkoljzpfaMumif; (a,m 8;24)

(*) a,½Ionf crnf;awmftxJü½SdNyD;? crnf;awmfonf a,½ItxJ½SdaMumif;(a,m10;38)

(C) a,½IrSm ar½Sd,jzpfaMumif; (a,m 11;27/ 20;31)

(i) a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfaMumif; (a,m 11;27/ 20;31)

(p) a,½Iudk crnf;awmfapvTwfaMumif; (a,m 11;42/ 17;8? 21)

(q) a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifhwpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfaMumif; (a,m 14;10-11)

(Z) a,½Ionf crnf;awmfxHawmfrS <uvmaMumif; (a,m 16;27? 30)

(ps) a,½Ionf crnf;awmf\y#dnOfcHemrawmfjzpfaom ]]igjzpfonf}}[laomemrawmfESihf olUudk,fol xyfwljyKaMumif; (a,m 8;24/ 13;19)

(n) igwdkUonf olESifhtwl touf½SifaexdkifMuvdrfhrnftaMumif; (a&mr 6;8)

(#) a,½Ionf taocHí jyefxaMumif; (1ouf 4;14)



NASB, NKJV ]]ol\,HkMunfjcif;}}

NRSV ]]xdkuJhodkUaom ,HkMunfjcif;}}

TEV, NJB ]]¤if;rSm þ,HkMunfrIyifjzpfonf}}

tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;udk olUtwGuf ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf rSwf,lay;vdkufonf/ ¤if;rSm tmjA[H\ vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh r[kwfbJ? ol\wHkUjyefrIaMumifhjzpfonf/ ol\tjyKtrlonf ol\,HkMunfrIudk twnf jzpfaponf/ (,mukyf 2;14-26)/

]]oGif;ay;onf?wmcsay;onf}}-reckoned [laompum;udkvnf; awmvnf 25;11-13udknTef;onfh qmvH 106;31 u zded[yfESifhqdkifí *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;(LXX)ü toHk;jyKonf/ þae&mü urÇm15;6u tmjA[HuJhodkUr[kwfbJ? zded[yf\tjyKtrludk tajcjyKum oGif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/



]]bk&m;w&m; r½dkaoaomoltm; ajzmifhr wfapaomoludk,HkMunfvQif? ol\,HkMunfjcif;udk? ajzmifhrwf jcif;uJhodkU rSwf,l\/} } ¤if;rSm xdwfvefUp&maumif;aom azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ ti,f 3 u tmjA[H taMumif;ESifhqifwlonf(urÇm 15;6)/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;[lonf vlUvkyfaqmifrI\&vm'fr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif \qkvufaqmif(3;24 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg)jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;7 üMunfhyg/

 ]]'g0d'f}} tmjA[Honf vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh pHkvifjynfh0olr[kwfaomfvnf; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif ESifh rSefuefoljzpfonfhtwdkif;? 'g0d'fvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (qmvH 32 ESifh 51)/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESifh ("r®a[mif;) rdrd\om;awmf("r®opf)tm; ,HkMunfrIazmfxkwfum? usqif;cJhNyD;ol vlom;rsm;udkcspfí (urÇm 3) xdkodkUaomolrsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfonf/

4;6 ]]tusihfudkraxmufbJ}} aygvkonf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; &nfnTef;azmfjyjcif;rjyKrD (qm 32;1-2) þ pum;pkukd txl;jyKMum;n§yfazmfjyonf/ vlom;onf c&pfawmf\zsefajzrI aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh vlyk*¾dKvf\ bmoma&;vkyfaqmifrItm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfrItm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefrI&½Sdonf/ (3;21-31/ {zuf 2;8-10)

4;7-8/ ¤if;rSm qmvH 32;1-2 tm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 7 ½SdBud,mESpfckjzpfonf! ]]tjypfvTwfjcif;cHcJh NyD}}ESifh]]zHk;tkyfay;jcif;cHcJh&NyD}} ESpfrsKd;pvHk;rSm AORIST PASSIVE jzpfonf/ vkyfaqmifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfonf [kqdkvdkonf/ ti,f 8 ü cdkifrmaomtjiif;oabmESpfckyg½Sdonf/ ]]rnfonfhtajctaeürqdk}}rrSwf,l? r,lq? oGif;ay;vdrfhrnfr[kwf}}[líjzpfonf/ þusrf;nTef;üyg½Sdaom Bud,moHk;ckudk rSwfom;yg/ ¤if;wdkY tm;vHk;onf tjypftm; w&m;aovTwfvdkufaMumif;azmfjyonf/

4;7 ]]tjypfrsm; zHk;tkyfay;jcif;cH&ol}} ¤if;rSm qmvH 32;1 rSjzpfonf/ ]]zHk;tkyfay;jcif;}}oabmrSm tpöa&;wkdU ,ZfylaZmfjcif; bmom\tESpfom&jzpfonf/ (0wf 1-7)/ bk&m;ocifonf tjypftm;zHk;tkyfjcif; (AORIST

PASSIVE INDICATE)tjypftm; rdrdjrifuGif;rS z,f½Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (a[½Sm 38;17/ rdu©m 7;19/ Brown, Driver, Briggs, p.491)þoabmudkyif tjcm;a[NAJpum;vHk;wpfvHk;jzpfonfh ]]zHk;tkyfjcif;}}-(caphar)twGuf tjypfajz&m^zHk;tkyf&maeU tcef;tem;üoHk;onf/ ¤if;rSm tpöa&;\tjypfrsm;udkzHk;tkyfonfh ]]aus;Zl;yv’ifawmf}}

mercy seat jzpfNyD;? ¤if;tay:taoG;yufjzef;onf/ (0wf 16)/ tjcm;or®musrf;enf;us wifpm;oHk;EIef;rI wpfrsKd;rSm wpfa,muf\tjypftm;zsufypfonf (a[½Sm 1;18/ 43;25) odkUr[kwf z,f½Sm;onf(wref 3;19/ aum 2;14/ Asm 3;5)[líjzpf\/

4;8 ]]xm0&bk&m;\jypfwifawmfrlj cif;ESifh vTwfaomolonf r*Fvm½Sd\}}/ ¤if;rSm qmvH 32;2 rSudk; um;jcif;jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]rSwf,lonf}}(reckon)]]oGif;onf}}(impute)odkUr[kwf]]wpfa,muf\pm&if;xJ aiGoGif;onf}}[laoma0g[m&tm; tjiif;oabmjzifh oHk;EIef;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfol\ 0dnmOfa&;&maiGpm&if;ü tjypfudkroGif;ay;acs/ (tjiif;oabmESpfck xyfoHk;onf)/ ¤if;tpm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk oGif;ay;ygonf/ ¤if;onf vlom;\*kPfj'yf? vkyfaqmifrI(0g)xdkufwefrIudk tajccHjcif;r[kwfbJ? bk&m; ocif\aus;Zl;*½kPmawmfjzpfaomp½dkufawmf? tcrJhvufaqmifESifh xkwfazmfausnmrIudkom tajcjyKonf!

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 4;9-12

9ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkcHaomolwdkUomvQif xdkr*Fvm udk&Muoavm/ odkUr[kwf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk rcHaomvlwdkUonfvnf; &Muoavm/ tb,faMumifhqdkaom ,HkMunfjcif;udk tmjA[Hü ajzmifhrwfjcif; uJhodkU rSwfawmfrlonf[k igwdkUqdkMu\/ 10xdkodkUqdkaomf tb,fodkUrSwfoenf; / ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udk cHNyD;rS rSwfoavm/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkrcHrD rSwfoavm/ cHNyD;rSrSwfonfr[kwf/ rcHrD rSwfownf;/ 11xdkYjyif ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkrcHbJ? ,HkMunfaomolwdkUo nf ajzmifhrwfjcif;oGif;ay;jcif;cHum? olwdkU tm;vHk;\tbjzpfapjcif;iSg? rdrdta&zsm;vSD;jcif; rc HrDu? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfrI\ wHqdyfjzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif; trSwftom;udk cH,lcJh\/ 12olonf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkUomru? igwdkUtbtmjA[Honf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rcHrDu ½Sdc Jhaom,HkMunfjcif;ajcvSrf; rsm;tm;vdkufavQmuf olwdkY\tbvnf;jzpf\/

4;9-12 ,k'q&mwdkUonf u,fwifjcif;&½Sd&ef ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;vdktyfonf[k a[mMujcif;aMumifh (*vmwd Mo0g'pmESihf a,½k½SvifaumifpD-wrefawmf 15)aygvkonf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif; xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG; jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ aygvkonf *sL;usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;\teufzGifhjcif; twwfynmtm; oifMum;cJholjzpfojzifh *v 15;6 ESifh qmvH 32;2 wdkYrSm yHkpHwlBud,mjzpfaMumif; od½SdcJhonfomjzpf\/ (a[NAJrl&if;ESifh*&dbmom jyefusrf; LXX ESpfrsKd;pvHk;)þtcsufonf þusrf;ydk'frsm;\"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m&nf½G,fcsuf aygif;pyfxm;&mjzpf ayvdrfhrnf/ 4;9 ti,f 9 uar;cGef;onf]]r[kwf}}[laomtajzudk arQmfvifhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wpfyg;vlrsKd;rsm;yif jzpfap? vlom;tm;vHk;udk ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vufcHonf/ urÇm 15;6 udkjyefíudk;um;onf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkU\ tbtmjA[HrSm ajzmifhrwfoltjzpf rSwf,lcH&oljzpfonf/ (urÇm 15)¤if;rSm arma½S\ynwådusrf;rwdkifrDESifh (ti,f 13)olta&zsm;vSD;jcif;rcHrDujzpfonf/ (urÇm 17)

4;10-11 ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom ajzmifhrwfr I\wHqdyfjzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;trSwftom;udk cH,lcJh\/}} tmjA[Honf ac:zdwfjcif;ESifh ajzmifhrwfoltjzpfrSwf,ljcif;cHNyD; aemufü? bk&m;ocifonf y#dnOf w&m;\trSwftom;jzpfaom ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkay;onf/ (urÇm 17;9-14)/ ygvufpwdkif;vlrsKd;rsm;rSty usefa½S;a[mif;ta½SUtv,fydkif;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vHk;wdkU ta&zsm;vSD;Muonf/ ygvufpwdkif; vlrsKd;wdkUrSmrl at*sifyifv,f½Sd uRef;pkrsm;rS aygufzGm;vmcJhMuNyD;? ¤if;wdkU\rlvblwrSm *&djzpfonf/ olwdkUtwGuf ta& zsm;vSD;jcif;[lonf uav;t½G,frS vlBuD;b0odkU ul;ajrmufjcif;\yGJwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ *sL;wdkUtwGufrSmrl y#dnOfcHtzGJU0ifjzpfjcif;\ bmoma&;trSwftom;wpf&yfjzpfum? arG;zGm;NyD; ½Spf&ufajrmufaomaeUü jyKvkyf onf/

þtcef;i,fü ]]trSwftom;}}(sign)ESifh ]]wHqdyf}}(seal)ESpfrsKd;vHk;oHk;NyD;? ESpfckpvHk;onf tmjA[H\ ,HkMunfjcif;udknTef;qdkonf/ ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;[lonf bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfrIudk usihfoHk;oltm; jrifEkdif aomtrSwftom;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;}}qdkonfh GENITIVEpum;pkudk ti,f 13ü oHk;BudrfoHk;cgjyefoHk;onf/ oefU½Sif;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefoltjzpf aMumjimorkwfcH&&ef aomhcsufrSm ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;jzpfonf/

4;11 ]]...ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;udkrcHbJ? ,HkMunfolwdkY....tm;vHk;\tbjzpfapjcif;iSg}}? a&mrMo0g'pmudk *vmwdMo0g'pma&;NyD;aemuf a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ *sL;rsm;rnfonfht&mudktm;udk;aMumif; aygvkaumif;pGm od½Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm olwdkU\rsKd;½kd;(róJ 3;9/ a,m[ef 8;33? 37? 39)ESifh arma½S\y#dnOfw&m;tm; t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkum vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ (EIwftm;jzifh vufqifhurf;aom xHk;wrf;pOfvm odkUr[kwf a½S;a[mif;vlwdkU \xHk;wrf;pOfvmjzpfNyD;aemufydkif;ü pmaytu©&mwif a&;om;jyKpkum Talmud usrf;[kac:onf)/ odkUjzpfí tm;udk;&mjyKjcif;jzifh (by faith),HkMunfrIjyKol (believe)wdkif;\Oyrmtjzpf tmjA[Hudk aygvktoHk;jyKazmfjy onf/ (olonf ta&zsm;vDS;jcif;r½Sdaomfvnf; ,HkMunftm;xm;jcif;jyK olwpfyg;trsKd;om;wdkU\tbjzpf onf/ 2;28-29/ *vmwd 3;29)/

 ]]wHqdyf}}/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / wHqdyf

wHqdyf[lonf a½S;acwfumvü wpHkw&mtm; azmfjyjcif;enf;wpfrsKd;jzpfEkdifonf/

1/ or®mw&m; (a,m 3;33)

2/ ydkifqdkifrI (a,m 6;27/ 2wd 2;19/ Asm 7;2-3)

3/ vHkjcHKrI (0g)umuG,frI (urÇm 4;15/ róJ 27;66/ a&m 15;28/ 2aum 1;22/ {zuf 1;13/ 4;30)/ 4/ bk&m;ocifuwday;onfh vufaqmif\ppfrSefrItm;jyonfh trSwftom;wpfckvnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ (a&m 4;11/ 1aum 9;2)

þwHqdyf\&nf½G,fcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;onf trsufawmfrcH&ap&ef olwdkUtm; trSwftom; jyKbdkUjzpfonf/ pmwef\wHqdyfonf bk&m;ociftrsufawmfxGuf&jcif;taMumif;jzpfaom pmwef\vlrsm;udk azmfjyonf/ Asm'dwfusrf;ü ]]qif;&J'ku©}}tribulation (thlipsis)onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udkn§Of;qJaom r,HkMunf olrsm;udkajymjcif;jzpfavh½Sd&m? trsufawmf (orgē or thumos)onf r,HkMunfolrsm; tjypfudk aemifw&um? c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfvmMuapa&;twGuf olwdkYay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;tm; ajymavh½Sdonf/ tjyK

oabmjzpfaom þw&m;pD&ifrI\&nf½G,fcsuftm; usdefqJjcif;ESifhaumif;csD;r*Fvmqdkif&m y#dnOfw&m;wGif w&m;a[m&musrf;' 27-28 üawGU&onf/

4;12 ]]ajcvSrf;rsm; twdkif; vdkufavQmuf}} ¤if;rSm ppfwyfoHk;a0g[m& (stoicheŌ)jzpfNyD; ppfom;rsm; a½SUaemufwpfwef;wnf; csDwufoGm;jcif;twGufoHk;onf/ (wref 21;24/ *v 5;25/ 6;16/ zd 3;16) þ ti,fü aygvkonf ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm; (ta&zsm;vSD;olrsm;\tb)udkajymonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh ol\uwd awmfrsm;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;udk usifhoHk;olwdkif;twGuf tmjA[HrSmtbjzpfonf/ þ'kwd,tjrifjzpfonfh (]]ajcvSrf;rsm;twdkif;vdkuf}})onf[kqdk&mü the (tois) ESpfvHk;oHk;jcif;aMumifh wpfcg,HkMunfvdkufjcif;rsKd;tm; ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH(PRESENT MIDDLE) [deponent] PARTICIPLE oabmudk xyfqifhvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf qHk;jzwfcsuf wpfckcs vdkuf½kH(0g)pdwfq´tm;jzifh pwifvIyf½Sm;rIjyK½kHrQomr[kwfbJ? qufvufjzpfay:aeaomawmfpyfrI? qufpyfrI½Sd aejcif;jzpfonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 4;13-15

13taMumif;rlum; þavmutm; tarGqufcHoljz pfaprnf[laomuwdawmfudk tmjA[H odkUr[kwf ol\tquftEG,frsm;onf ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh &Muonfr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjc if;\ajzmifhrwfjcif; tm;jzifh&Mu\/ 14taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;ESihfqdki faomolwdkUonf tarGcHMuonfqdkvQif ,HkMunf jcif;w&m;udk tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapum? uwdawmfudkvnf; y,fzsufcHaponf/ 15ynwfw&m;awmfonf trsufa'gojzpfapaomfvnf;? ynwfcsufr½Sdygu? vGefusL;jcif;[lívnf;r½Sdacs/ 4;13 ]]uwdawmfudk tmjA[H odk Ur[kwf ol\tquftEG,frsm;onf}} bk&m;ocifonf ]]jynfawmfESifh tquftEG,f}}tm; tmjA[Hudk uwday;cJhonf/ (urÇm 12;1-3/ 15;1-6/ 17;1-8/ 22;17-18) "r®a[mif; onf jynfawmf(ygvufpwdkif;)udk t"dutajcjyKaomfvnf; "r®opfrlum;]]tquftEG,f}}udk t"duxm;onf (ar½Sd,t½Sifa,½I/ *vm 3;16? 19)odkUaomf þae&mü ]]tquftEG,f}}onf ,HkMunfjcif;vlrsm;tm; nTef;yg onf/(*vm 3;29)/ bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;\ ,HkMunfudk;pm;rItajccHjzpfonf/ (*vm 3;14? 17? 18? 19? 21? 22? 29/ 4;28/ a[NAJ 5;13-18)/

 ]]þavmutm; tarGqufcHoljzpfaprnf[laom}} wpfavmuvHk;tm; azmfjyajymqdkrIonf tvGef t"dyÜg,fay:vGifvSaMumif; jyqdkaomusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm urÇm 12;3/ 18;18/ 22;18 ESifh xGuf? 19;5-6 wdkUjzpf onf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;zdwfac:&ef tmjA[Hudkzdwfac:onf/ (urÇm 1;26-27/ 3;15) tmjA[HESifh olUtquftEG,frsm;rSm wpfurÇmvHk;odkU zGifhjyawmfrljcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfap&efwnf;/ ¤if;rSm urÇmajray:u bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (róJ 6;10)

 ]]ynwfw&m;tm;jzifh &Muonfr[kwfbJ}}/ arma½S\ynwådusrf;ray;&ao;acs/ *&drl&if;\0gusü þ pum;pkudk yxrxm;um? ¤if;\ta&;ygyHkudkjyoonf/ vl\tm;xkwfrIESifh aus;Zl;awmfw&m;wdkU\ uGJjym; jcm;em;rItm; tav;teufjyK&ef þtcsufrSm tvGefta&;BuD;onf/(3;21-31)/ aus;Zl;awmfonf ysufjy,f oGm;cJhNyD;jzpfaomynwfw&m;awmfudk u,fwifjcif;twGuf vrf;jzpfoGm;aponf/ (a[NAJ 8;7?13)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / arma½S\ynwådusrf;tay: aygvk\tjrif 13;9 üMunfhyg/

4;14 ]]vQif}} ¤if;onf pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif;jzpfonfh yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufyg 0gus rsKd;odkUr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;rItwGuf þtHh tm;oifhp&majymqdkrIudk toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm w&m;a[mjcif; twwfynmt& rdrdtav;teufjyKvdk aomtcsuftwGuf toHk;jyKonfh yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;twGuf Oyrmaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/ olonf þtqdkudk trSef[kr,HkMunfaomfvnf; ¤if;\rrSefuefrIay:vGifvmap&ef xdkodkUajymqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 2)

jrifEdkifaomta&zsm;vSD;jcif; trSwftom;ydkif½Sif*sL;rsKd;EG,frsm;onf avmutm; tarGqufcHrnfholrsm; r[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifh EIwfuywfawmfü ,HkMunfjcif;tm; usifhoHk;olwdkUuomvQif urÇmudk tarGqufcHMurnfholrsm;jzpfonf/ (2;28-29)



NASB, NKJV

]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;udk tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapum}}

NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm y,fjcif;cH&onf}}

TEV

]]vl\,HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm bmrQr[kwf[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf}}

NJB ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;rSm tcsuftvufrJhjzpfoGm;onf}} ¤if;onf kenoŌ \PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? tajcusaeaom tajctaewpf&yftm; tav;teufjyKonfh *&dBud,mwpfckjzpfum]]AvmjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]tajccHtkwfjrpfrJhjzpfaMumif; jyoonf}} [lít"dyÜg,f½SdNyD;]]rSm;,Gif;}}onf[líyifqdkvdkonf/(1aum 1;17)/þa0g[m&udkyif aygvkonf 1aum 1;17/ 9;15/ 2aum 9;3 ESifh zd 2;7 wdkUüoHk;onf/



NASB ]]uwdawmfudkvnf; y,fzsufcHaponf}}

NKJV ]]uwdawmfudk tcsnf; ESD;jzpfoGm;aponf}}

NJB ]]uwdawmfrSm wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;onf}}

¤if;onfvnf; PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; tajcusaomtajctaewpf&yftm; tav;teuf jyKonfh jyif;xefaom*&dBud,mwpfckjzpfonf/ ]]AvmjzpfoGm;aponf}} ]]zsufodrf;onf}} ]]qHk;cef;wdkifaponf}} [lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonfhjyif ]]zsufqD;onf(0g)tpazsmufypfvdkufonf}}[líyif qdkvdkonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m &udkyif a&mr 3;3? 31/ 6;6/ 7;2? 6/ 1aum 2;6/ 13;8/ 15;24? 26/ 2aum 3;7/ *vm 5;4/ 2ouf 2;8 wdkUüvnf;oHk;onf/ þtydk'fi,füay:vGifaom tvm;wloabmwpfck½Sdonf/ u,fwifjcif;enf;vrf;ESpfck½Sd onfr[kwfacs/ aus;Zl;awmf\y#dnOfw&m;topfonf tusifh(work-vkyfaqmifrI)ESifhqkdifaom y#dnOfw&m; ta[mif;ukdy,fzsufí tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;aponf! txl;taMumif;t&m/ / y,fjyufqdwfokOf;oGm;apjcif; tm; 3;3 üMunfhyg/

4;15 ]]ynwfw&m;awmf...ynwfcsuf}} þa0g[m&tm; yxroHk;&mü (the)yg½SdNyD;? 'kwd,ajrmufoHk;&mü ryg½Sdacs/ *&drl&if;ü(the)yg½Sdjcif;? ryg½Sdjcif;tm; tm½kHpdkufvGef;jcif;rSm tEÅ&m,f½SdonfrSefaomfvnf; þudpöü aygvkonf þa0g[m&tm; t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzpf oHk;aejcif;jzpfaMumif; ay:vGifap&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfEdkifygonf/ 1/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkUonf rdrdwdkUu,fwifjcif;&a&;twGuf tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKaeMuonfh arma½S\ynwåd usrf;ESifh ¤if;\EIwfyg;pyftm;jzifh vufqifhurf;aomxHk;wrf;pOfvm

2/ ynwfcsufqdkif&m a,bk,st,ltq ydkíus,fjyefUaom þ'kwd,t"dyÜg,faumuf,lrIü wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\Zmwdajzmifhrwfjcif;yg0ifonf/ ¤if;rSm udk,fusifhw&m;(0g) bmoma&;yGJvrf;obifqdkif&m rdrdwdkU\½dk;&mOya'toD;oD;jzpfNyD;? ewfbk&m;rsm; onf rdrdwdkU\tqdkygvkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk tajcjyKumrdrdwdkYtm; vufoifhcHjcif;jyKonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/



]]ynwfw&m;awmfonf trsufa'gojzpfap...}} ¤if;rSm xdwfvefUbG,f&majymqdkrIjzpfonf/ (3;20/ *v 3;10-13/ aum 2;14)/arma½S\ynwådusrf;rSm u,fwifjcif;&apaom vrf;wpfvrf;jzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,fr½Sd cJhbl;acs/ (*vm 3;23-29)/ ¤if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd; rnfolrqdk(odkUr[kwf enf;Oya'oorm;rsm;)twGuf em;vnf oabmayguf&ef(0g)vufcH&ef tvGefcufcJaomor®mw&m;jzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;rSm aygvkjyKaomajymqdkrI\ tajccHtcsufjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 13;9 üMunfhyg/

 ]]odkUaomf ynwfcsufr½Sdygu? vGe fusL;jcif;[lívnf;r½Sdacs/}} bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wdkUtm; rdrdwdkU &½Sdonfhtvif;w&m;tay: wm0ef½Sdonf[k oabmxm;onf/ wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;on rdrdwdkUrMum;cJhbl; aom arma½S\ynwådusrf;tm;jzifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyrI tay: olwdkUü wm0ef½Sdonf/ (1;19-20/ 2;14-15) aygvk\usKd;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rIü þor®mw&m;onf aemufwpfqifh ajcvSrf;wpfckvSrf;vdkufjcif;jzpf onf/ arma½S\ynwådusrf;onf bk&m;ociftm; ½Sif;vif;pGm zGifhjyjcif;rjyKrDumvü udk,fawmfonf vlom; rsm;\usL;vGefrIrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;wifjcif;rjyKacs/ (3;20? 25/ 4;15/ 5;13? 20/ 7;5? 7-8/ wref 14;16/ 17;30/ 1aum 15;56)/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 4;16-25

16xdktaMumif;aMumifh uwdawmftm; ynwfw&m;awmf ESifhqdkifaom trsKd;udkomru? tmjA[H\ ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaomol tm;vHk;wdkUudkvnf; ay;oe m;awmfrlap&eftvdkUiSg? aus;Zl;awmfESifh tnDjzpfapa&;twGuf? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½Sd\/ 17xdktmjA[Hum;(igonf oifhudk vlrsKd;trsm;wdkU\tbjzpfapNyD[k usrf;pmvmonfE SihftnD) aovGefNyD;aomolwdkUudk touf½Sifap awmfrlxaom? rwnfr½Sdaomt&mudk wnf aeonf? ½Sdaeonf[kqdkbdol? rdrd,HkMunfaom bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü igwdkUtm;vHk;\tbjzpfownf;/ 18]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkUjzpf vdrfhrnf[k ajymcJhNyD;onfhtwdkif;? olonf vlr sKd;trsm;wdkU\tbjzpfEkdif&ef ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefUusif bufjzpfaeaomfvnf;?olonfarQmfvifhvsuf ,HkMunf\/ 19rdrdtoufonf tESpfwpf&mavmuf½Sd ojzifh rdrdukd,fonf aoNyD;ouJhodkUj zpfaMumif;ESifh? pm&m\0rf;onfaoaeaMumif;tm; qifjcifum ,HkMunftm;enf;jcif;uif;\/ 20bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfudkav;pm;vsuf? r,HkMunfrIjzifh ,drf;,dkif raebJ? bk&m;ocifukdcsD;rGrf;vsuf? ,HkMunfjcif;ü ydkícdkifrmvmum 21bk&m;ocifonf rdrduwdjyK onfht&mtm; aqmif½GufwwfpGrf;Ekdifonf[k tjynfht0pdwfcsvsuf½Sd\/ 22xdkUaMumifh ¤if;udkyif ol\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf rSwfawmfrl\/ 23ol\tqdkyg ,HkMunfjcif;tm; ol\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf rSwfawmfrlonf[k usrf;pmüa&;xm;jcif ;rSm olUtusKd;twGufomr[kwfbJ 24igwdkU\ t½Sifa,½Itm; aojcif;rS xapawmfrloltm; ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf þ,HkMunfjcif;udkyif ajzmifhrwfjcif;tjzpf rSwfay;rnftaMumif;? igwdkUtusKd;twGufvnf; a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/ 25xdkt½Sifonf igwdkU\vGef usL;jcif;rsm;aMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum? igwdkUonf aj zmifhrwfapjcif;&½Sd&ef xawmfrlapjcif;cH&\/

4;16 ¤if;onf ti,f 14 rS aygvk\tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;rItm; vSypGmtusOf;csKHUjcif; wpfckjzpf onf/

1/ vlom;rsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkUjyefrIjyKMu&rnf

2/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;uwdawmf

3/ xdkuwdawmfonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm; usifhoHk;olrsm;jzpfonfh tmjA[H\tquftEG,frsm; tm;vHk; (*sL;ESifhwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;)twGuf aocsmonf/

4/ tmjA[Honf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;ESifhpyfqdkifoltm;vHk;twGuf Oyrmjzpfonf/ 

NRSB, NRSV

TEV, NIV ]]ay;oem;awmfrljcif; cH&onf}} NKJV ]]pdwfcs&onf}}

REB ]]w&m;0ifonf}}

NET ]]aocsmonf}} atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tmrcHonf ¤if;rSm *&da0g[m& bebaios jzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,fyGg;oHk;rsKd;½Sdonf/

1/ pdwfcs&aom? aocsmaom(0g)rSDcdkí&aom (a&mr 4;16/ 2aum 1;7/ a[NAJ 2;20/ 3;6? 14/ 6;19/ 2ay 1;10? 19)

2/ wpHkw&m\,HkMunfpdwfcs&rItm; jyoaom(0g)wnfaqmufaomvkyfenf;vkyfxHk; (a&mr 15;8/ a[NAJ 2;2/ Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, Vol. 1, pp. 340, 377, 670 )

3/ yk&ydkufpmayrsm;ü ¤if;onf w&m;Oya'qdkif&m tmrcHay;jcif;twGuf oHk;aomenf;ynmoHk; a0g[m&jzpfvmonf/ (Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, pp.107-8 )

¤if;onf ti,f 14 \qefUusifbufpum;jzpfayrnf/ bk&m;ocifay;aomuwdawmfrsm;udk pdwfcs&yg onf/

 ]]tm;vHk;...tm;vHk;}} ¤if;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkUudk &nfnTef;onf(*sL;vlrsKd;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;)

4;17-23 aygvkonf tmjA[Htm; OD;pm;ay;tcsuf ESpfcsuftm;azmfjy&ef aemufwzeftoHk;jyKonf/ (1) bk&m;ocifonf aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh tpjyKuwdawmfay;jcif;(y#dnmOfw&m;)ESifh (2) vlonf ,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifh tpjyKwHkUjyefrIjyK&efESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufvufwHkUjyef&efvdktyfonf/ (1;5 \rSwfcsuf? y#dnmOfw&m;ü Munfhyg/) y#dnmOfw&m;ü ESpfOD;ESpfzufvkyfaqmifrI yg0ifavh½Sdonf/ 4;17 ]]vlrsKd;trsm;wdkU\tb....usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD}} ¤if;onfurÇm 17;5 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ *&d"r®a[mif;(LXX)ü ]]wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;}}(Gentiles)[kyg½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[H\tquft EG,frsm;omrubJ? tm'H\tquftEG,ftm;vHk;a½G;EIwf&ef tvdkawmf½Sdaeusjzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15)tmjAH (Abram)\emrnfopfrSm tmjA[H(Abraham)jzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,frSm]]vlajrmufrsm;pGmwdkU\tb}}[líjzpfonf/

¤if;wGif udk,fcE¨mtquftEG,frsm;udkomrubJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tquftEG,frsm;yg0ifaMumif; ,cktcguRef awmfwdkYod½SdMu\/

]]aovGefNyD;aomolwdkYudk touf½Sifapawmfrlxaom}} usrf;pum;tquftpyft& ¤if;onf tmjA[H ESihfpm&m wdkU\ umrpGrf;tm; topfjyefvnfarG;zGm;jcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ (i,f 19)

]]rwnfr½Sdaomt&mudk wnfaeonf? ½Sdaeonf[kqdkbdol}} usrf;pum;tquftpyftaMumif;oabm t& ¤if;onf pm&mu£Zuftm; udk,f0efaqmifjcif;udk&nfnTef;aomfvnf; ,HkMunfjcif;onf tjrwfqHk;jzwf aomt&mjzpfjcif;oabmudkyg nTef;qdkonf/ (a[NAJ 11;1)

4;18

NASB ]]arQmfvifh&ef qefUusifbufj zpfaeaomolonf? ajrmfvifhvsuf,HkMunfonf}}

NRSV ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefUusifum arQmfvifh&if; olonf,HkMunf\}}

TEV ]]tmjA[Honf arQmfvifhae&ef taMumif;r½Sdonfhtcgüyif ,HkMunfum? arQmfvifhonf}}

NJB ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;r½SdouJhodkUjzpfaomf vnf;? olonf arQmfvifhum,HkMunfonf}}

]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}taMumif;txl;taMumif;t&mudk 12;12 üawGU&onf/ þa0g[m&onf ta½SUtv,f ydkif;bmom&yfqdkif&m us,fjyefUaomoabm½Sdonf/ Harold K.Moulton, The Analytical Greek Lexion Revised, p.133 üoHk;EIef;yHk tcsKdUay;xm;onf/

1/ ajrmfvifhjcif;\tajccHt"dyÜg,f (a&mr 5;4/ wref 24;15)

2/ ajrmfvifhjcif;\taMumif;w&m;(a&mr8;24/*vm5;5)

3 ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jyKpkol(0g)rlv&if;jrpf(aum1;27/1wd1;1)

4/ tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;? ,HkMunfpdwfcsjcif; (1ay 1;21)

5/ tmrcHjzifhvHkjcHKrI (wref 2;26/ a&mr 8;20) þtydkif;ü ajrmfvifhjcif;udk uGJjym;aomt"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/ vlom;\pGrf;tm;ESifh wefcdk;ü ajrmfvifhrIrSm (i,f 19-21) bk&m;ocif\uwdawmftm; ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh NydKifbufjzpfonf/ (i,f 17)



NASB, NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkYjzpfvd rfhrnf[k}}

]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm; xdkodkYrsm;jym;vdrfhrnf[k}}

]]oif\tquftEG,frsm; rsm;jym;vdrfhrnf}}

]]oif\trsKd;tEG,frsm;onf Mu,frsm;uJhodkYrsm;jym;vdrfhrnf}}

¤if;udk om;a,musfm;wpfa,muf (xGef;um;rnftaMumif; tmjA[Htm;ay;onfh uwdawmf\aocsmrI tm; tav;teufjyKonfh urÇm 15;5 rSudk;um;onf)/(i,f 19-22)/ £Zuftm; atmufygtaMumif;t&m wdkYjzpfysufNyD;aemufü arG;zGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; odxm;yg/

1/ uwdawmfay;NyD;wq,fhoHk;ESpfjynfhNyD;aemuf

2/ tmjA[Honf pm&mtm; prf;oyfNyD;aemuf (ESpfcgjzpfonf/ urÇm 12;10-19/ 20;17)

3/ tmjA[Honf pm&m\tapcH tD*spftrsKd;orD;[m*&ESifh om;a,musfm;wpfa,muf&NyD;aemuf (urÇm 16;1-16)

4/ pm&mESifh(urÇm 18;12)tmjA[HESpfa,mufpvHk;wdkYonf (urÇm 17;17)xdkuwdawmftm; &,fcJh MuNyD;aemuf? tmjA[HESifhpm&mESpfa,mufpvHk;ü pHkvifjynfh0aom ,HkMunfjcif;½SdcJhMuonf r[kwfacs/ u,fwifjcif;onf pHkvifjynfh0aom,HkMunfjcif;ukdrawmif;qdkbJ? rSefuefaom taMumif;w&m;udk ("r®a[mif;ü bk&m;ocifESifh "r®opfü om;awmftm;)omvQif awmif;qdkae jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifud aus;Zl;wifvSyg\/

4;19 ]]qifjcifum}} þbmomjyefcsufonf MSS Aleph, A, B, Cudkvdkufonf/ odkUaomf tcsKdUa½S;a[mif; vufa&;pmrlpmvHk; BuD;rsm;onf tjiif;oabmtjzpf toHk;jyKaom(ou)udk aygif;xnfhonf/ D, F, G. UBS4onf (]]C }}tqifhxm;vsuf) qHk;jzwfcsufrcsEkdifaomfvnf; ydkrdkwdkawmif;aomrl&if;pmukd yHkESdyfonf/ NET bmomjyefusrf;onfvnf; ydkrdkwdkawmif;aomrl&if;pmudk axmufcHonf/

4;20 tpydkif;ü tmjA[Honf xdkom;rSm pm&mrS arG;zGm;vdrfhrnfqdkaom uwdawmfudk aumif;pGmem;rvnfcJh acs/ tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;udkvufcHum? ¤if;tm;jzifhjyKrljcif;rSm udk,fawmfonf rpHkvifrjynfh0ol vlom;rsm; udkcspfawmfrlaomaMumifhwnf;/



]]r,HkMunfrIjzihf ,drf;,dkifraebJ}} þBud,mjzpfonfh diakrinŌ udk a,½Iu róJ 21;21/ rmuk 11;23 wdkUüoHk;onf/ tmjA[Honf bk&m;ocifajymonfhpum;(uwdawmf)tm; ar;cGef;xkwf&ef taMumif;&if;rsm; ½Sdaeaomfvnf;? (i,f 19) olonf xdkodkYjyK&rnfhtpm; ydkípGrf;tm;aumif;vmonf/ ti,f 20½Sd Bud,mESpfckpvHk; AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ jyKvkyfol uHyk'frSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;? tjyKcHBud,m PASSIVE ujyoaomfvnf; tm;jA[Honf wefcdk;awmftm; rdrdudkcGeftm; jynhfap &ef cGifhjyKbdkY (y#dnmOfjyKjcif;)vdktyfonf!

csD;rGrf;vsuf}} txl;taMumif;t&m 3;23 üMunfhyg/ 4;21

NASB ]]tjynfht0 pdwfcsvsuf½Sd\/}} NKJV, NRSV ]]tjynfht0 oabmaygufvsuf½Sd\/}} TEV ]]vHk;0pdwfcsvsuf½Sd\/}}

NJB ]]tjynfht0oabmayguf\/}}

¤if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICLE jzpfNyD;? wpfpHkwpf&m(vk 1;1/ aum 4;12)odkUr[kwf wpfpHk wpfa,muf (a&mr 4;21/ 14;5)taMumif;tm; tjynfht0pdwfcsrI½Sdjcif;udkjyonf/ ¤if;pum;vHk;\emrfyk'ftm; tjynfht0pdwfcsjcif;twGuf aum 2;2 ESifh 1ouf 1;5wdkUüoHk;onf/ bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmf? EIwfuywfawmf ESihfwefcdk;awmfwdkUtm; pdwfcsrI½Sdjcif;onf vlom;rsm;tm; vufawGUvkyfaqmif&ef wwfpGrf;aponf/ ]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrduwdjyKonfht&mtm;aqmif½Guf&ef wwfpGrf;Ekdifonf}}/ ¤if;onf PERFECT MIDDLE (oufaoxGufqdkcsuf)jzpfNyD; twdwfumvu jyKcJhaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck NyD;pD;oGm;cJhum? wnf½Sdae onf[kqdkvdkonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;\tESpfom&rSm bk&m;ocif\p½kdufawmfESifhuwdawmfrsm;udk wpfa,mufaom

olu tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzpf (16;25/ {zuf 3;20/ ,k' 24)um? vlom;\vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfacs/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf uwday;olbk&m;½Sifawmfu udk;pm;jcif;jyKonf/ (a[½Sm 55;11)

4;22 ¤if;onf urÇm 15;6 (i,f 3)tm; t&dyft>rufazmfjyjcif;jzpfNyD;? bk&m;ocifonf tjypf½Sdolvlom;rsm; tm; rdrd\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk rnfuJhodkUay;aMumif; aygvk\tusKd;oifh?taMumif;oihf azmfjyaqG;aEG;rI\ "r®o abmw&m;qdkif&maomhcsufjzpfonf/

4;23-25 þtcef;i,frsm;onf *&drl&if;ü 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ tqifhqifhjzpfaeyHkudk odrSwfxm;yg/

1/ tmjA[H\tusKd;twGuf (i,f 23)

2/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;\tusKd;twGuf (i,f 24)

3/ bk&m;ocifonf a,½Itm; xapjcif;jzifh (i,f 24)

4/ a,½Ionf igwdkUtjypfaMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum(a,m 3;16)igwdkU\tjypfrsm;vTwfap&ef twGuf (ajzmifhrwfapjcif;)xajrmufapjcif;cH&onf/ i,f 25/

4;24 tmjA[H\,HkMunfjcif;onf ol\ppfrSefaomtquftEG,frsm;tm;vHk;vdkufem&ef yHkpHjzpfvmonf/ tmjA[Honf om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufESifh tquftEG,ftm; uwday;jcif;tay: bk&m;ociftm; ,HkMunfcJh onf/(txl;taMumif;t&m 4;5 üMunfhyg)/ usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tay: bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf tm;vHk; wdkU\jynfhpHkjcif;rSm ar½Sd,a,½IjzpfaMumif; y#dnOfw&m;opf,HkMunfolrsm; ,HkMunfMuonf/ om;a,musfm;wpfa,mufESifh vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;[laompum;ESpfvHk;wdkUrSm]]seed}}rSqif;oufvmNyD; tenf;jy udef;ESifh trsm;jyudef;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGuf oHk;jcif;jzpfonf/

 xonf? xapjcif;cH&onf (raised )twGuf 8;11 üMunfhyg/ 4;25 ]]igwdkU\vGefusL;jcif;rsm;aMumifh tyfESHjcif;cHum}} ¤if;rSm w&m;Oya'a0g[m&jzpfNyD;]]wpfa,muf aomoltm; jypf'PfcH&eftyfESHonf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ti,f 25onf *&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;usrf;(LXX) \ a[½Sm 53;11-12tm;ay:vGifaponfhc&pfawmftaMumif; tHhMobG,f&mazmfjyrIwpfckjzpf onf/ 

]]igwdkUonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;&½Sd&ef xawmfrlapjcif;cH&\/}} ti,f 25 u 0gustydkif;ESpfydkif;pvHk; tNydKifjzpfaeaomfvnf; (0dbwfwpfrsKd;wnf;jzpfNyD; ESpfckpvHk; AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf) ¤if;rSm "r®oabmw&m;twGufr[kwfbJ? pma&;[efoufoufjzpfonf/ (5;9-10/ 2aum 13;4)/ Frank Stagg \ bmomjyefrIü(New Testament Theology, p.97)]]igwdkU\vGefusL;rIrsm;aMumif tyfESHjcif;cHum? igwdkUonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;cHolrsm;jzpfap&ef [laomtjrifjzifh xapjcif;cH&onf}}[kqdk&m tvGefqDavsmfonf/ þbm omjyefcsufü ajzmifhrwfaponf-justify [laompum;vHk;tm; aygvkoHk;jcif;\tjrifESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh (1)w&m; ½kH;awmf^Oya'ydkif;qdkif&m&yfwnfrIESihf (2) c&pfawmfESihfwlaom b0toufwm ESpfrsKd;pvHk;yg0ifonf/ 1;17 \txl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

a,½I\jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;onf aygvktwGuf "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m or®mw&m;\A[dkcsufrjzpf onf/ (1;3-4/ 4;24-25/ 6;4? 9/ 7;4/ 8;11? 34/ 10;9; 1aum 6;14/ 15;3-11? 20-23/ 2aum 1;9/ 4;14/ 5;15/ 13;4/ *vm 1;1/ {zuf 2;20/ aum 2;12/ 1ouf 1;10/ 2wd 2;8)/ ocsKØif;*lrSm vGwfvsuf½Sd aeonf odkUr[kwf c&pf,mefrSm vdrfnmrIBuD;wpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf[lí wpfckckjzpf&ayrnf/ (1aum 15;12-19)!

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pm tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sd xm;onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf; a&;om;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\ þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/

1/ a&mrMo0g'pm\ þtydkif;onf tb,faMumifh tvGefta&;BuD;&oenf;?

2/ aygvkonf tmjA[HESifh 'g0d'fwdkYtm; Oyrmrsm;tjzpf tb,faMumifhoHk;oenf;?

3/ atmufygaomhcsufpum;vHk;rsm;udk aygvk\oHk;EIef;yHktwdkif; (oif\t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufr[kwf) t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufay;yg/ (u) ajzmifhrwfjcif; - righteousness (c) rSwf,lonf - reckoned (*) ,HkMunfjcif; - faith (C) uwdawmf - promise

4/ *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;onf tb,faMumifhtvGefta&;BuD;oenf;?(i,f 912)

5/ ti,f 13 ESifh 16 wdkUü ]]trsKd;tEG,f}}[k qdk&mwGif rnfolUudk &nfnTef;oenf;?

5

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\pmydk'fcGJrsm; UBS4

NJB

ajzmifhrwfapjcif; ,HkMunfjcif;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\ bk&m;ESifhrSefuef ,HkMunfjcif; \&v'frsm; 'ku©cH&müatmifjrif tusKd;qufrsm; jcif; onfu,fwif jcif;udktmrcH 5;1-11 5;1-5 5;1-5 5;1-5 5;1-11 igwdkUae&mudkc&pfawmf,l 5;6-11 5;6-11 5;6-11 tm'HESifhc&pf tm'Hüaojcif; tm'HESifhc&pfawmf tm'HESifhc&pfawmf tm'HESihfa,½I awmf c&pfawmfütouf½Sifjcif; qifwlrIESifhjcm;em;rI c&pfawmf 5;12-14 5;12-21 5;12-14 5;12-14 5;12-14 5;14-17 5;15-21 5;15-17 5;15-21 5;18-21 5;18-19 5;20-21

ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; tausmhoHk;(pm-8 xi Munfh)

rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif; ¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm; &efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\taMumif; t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif; t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/

yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmydk'f

wwd, pmydk'f

usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ *&drl&if;ü ti,f 1-11rSm 0guswpfckjzpfonf/ ]]aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh ajzmifhrwf apjcif;}}[laom aygvkt,l0g'\tcsuftjcmudk þtcef;i,frsm;u ay:vGifaponf/ (3;21- 4;25)

c/ ti,f 1-11 udk atmufygtwdkif; tusOf;csKHUEkdifonf

ti,f 1-5 ti,f 6-8

ti,f 9-11

1/ aocsmaomtem*wfu,f wifjcif; 2/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\ pdwfydkif; 2/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;tm; jrif&yHk 2/aocsmaomtem*wf qdkif&mtawGUtMuHK ajzmifhrwfapjcif; 3/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif; 3/ wdk;wufjzpfay:aomajzmifhrwfapjcif; 3/ bkef;wefcdk;cHpm;jcif; 4/ vlom;taMumif; avhvmrI 4/ bk&m;taMumif; avhvmrI 4/ tem*wfü jzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;

1/ u,fwifjcif;\tusKd;aus;Zl; 1/ u,fwifjcif;twGuftajccH

*/ ti,f 12-21onf a,½Itm; 'kwd,tm'Htjzpf aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 15;21-22? 45-49/ zd 2;6-8)¤if;onf vlyk*¾dKvftvdkuf tjypfESifhwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaom tjypf½Sdjcif;qdkif&m "r®oabm w&m;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ tm'HtxJ vlom;usqif;jcif;(ESifhzefqif;jcif;)tm; aygvky:vGifap yHkrSm xl;jcm;vSNyD; *sL;&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;ESihfuGJjym;onf/ (olwdkUonf rdrdwdkU\tjypfqdkif&mMo0g'udk urÇmOD; 6 rS,lMuonf)/ odkUaomf ol\wpkwaygif;wnf;tjrifrSm &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\oGefoifrIESifh rsm;pGmwlonf/ aygvkonf a,½k½SvifNrdKUwGif *gravsvvufatmufü oifwef;wufpOf rdrdoifMum; cJh&onfhor®mw&m;wdkUudk(wref 22;3) toHk;jyK&ef(0g)jznfhpGuf&eftwGuf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;rI tm;jzifh wwfpGrf;EkdifyHkudkjyonf/ jyefvnfjyifqifaomacwfumv {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\tjypftaMumif; Mo0g'udk Mo*wfpwif;ESifh uJvfAifwdkUu urÇmOD; 3 rS,lcJhMuonf/ ¤if;\tajccHtqdkrSm vlom;onf ADZtm;jzifh tjypfom;tjzpf arG;zGm;vmonf(t<uif;rJhysufpD;jcif;)[laomtcsufjzpf\/ "r®a[mif;usrf; taxmuftxm;usrf;ydk'frsm;tjzpf qm 51;5/ 58;3 ESifh a,mb 15;14/ 25;4 wdkUudk,lonf/ vlom;wdkUonf rdrdwdkU\a½G;cs,frIrsm;ESihf rdrdwdkU\b0uHMur®mtwGuf ydkíwdk;íaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fusifhw&m;ESihf 0dnmOfa&;&mwdkYtm;jzifhvnf; aumif; wm0ef½Sdonf[laom wvSnfh"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m&yfwnfcsufudk Pelagius ESifhArminius wdkUu azmfaqmifcJhMuonf/ olwdkU\tjriftwGuf tcsKdUaomtaxmuftxm;wdkUrSm w&m;a[m 1;39/ a[½Sm 7;15 ESifh a,me 4;11/ a,m[ef 9;41/ 15;22? 24/ wref 17;30/ a&mr 4;15 wdkUjzpfonf/ "r®oabmw&m; qdkif&m þ&yfwnfrI\t"dutcsufrSm uav;wdkUonf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mwm0ef½Sdonfh t½G,frwdkifrD txd tjypfuif;Muonf[laom tcsufyifjzpfayvdrfhrnf/ (&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;twGuf ¤if;t½G,frSm a,musfm;u av;rsm;ü 13 ESpfESifh rdef;uav;rsm;ü 12 ESpfjzpfonf) arG;&mygtm;jzifh qdk;0g;rI0goemygvmjcif;ESifh udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m wm0ef½Sdaom touft½G,f ESpfrsKd;vHk; rSefuefonf[laom pOf;pm;qifjcifonfh&yfwnfrIwpfck½Sdonf/ qdk;0g;jcif;onf wpfpkwpfaygif;

wnf;tm;jzifhomr[kwfbJ? yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;onf tjypfjyK&ef ydkíydkíqdk;0g;vmMujcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ (vl\ b0onf bk&m;ocifESifh ydkíydkí uGJuGmoGm;onf)/ þtaMumif;t&mrSm vlom;\qdk;,kwfrItaMumif; r[kwfbJ (urÇm 6;5? 11-12? 13/ a&mr 3;9-18? 23) rnfonfhtcsdefu qdk;,kwfoenf;? arG;zGm;csdefüavm? odkUwnf;r[kwf aemufydkif;toufwmüavm! qdkonfhtcsufjzpfonf/

C/ ti,f 12 taMumif; oDtdk&DtcsKdU½Sdygonf/ 1/ vlom;tm;vHk;tjypfjyK&ef a½G;cs,fMuojzifh vlom;tm;vHk;aoqHk;onf/ (Pelagius) 2/ tm'H\tjypfonf zefqif;jcif;wpf&yfvHk;tm; ul;pufojzifh? tm;vHk;aoqHk;onf/ (18-19/ Augustine)

3/ trSeftm;jzifh ADZtjypfESifh qE´tavsmufjyKaom tjypfESpfrsKd;aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfEkdifygonf/ i/ ti,f 12 üponfh ]]onfenf;wl}}[laom EIdif;,SOfrIonf ti,f 18 txd rNyD;qHk;ao;acs/ ti,f 13-17 onf aygvk\pma&;[efjzpfaom Mum;n§yfcsufwpfckrsKd; oabmjzpfonf/ p/ aygvk\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif; wifjyyHkudk owd&yg/ 1;18-8;39txdonf qufvufí tusKd;oifh taMumif;oifh aqG;aEG;csufwpf&yfomvQifjzpfonf/ tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk aumif;rGefpGmteufjyefum? wefbdk;xm;Ekdif&ef wpfckvHk;tm; jcHKíjrifwwf&ygrnf/

q/ rmwifvlomonf þtcef;BuD; 5 tm; ]]atmifyef;o&zlqGwfcl;aom þusrf;ydk'fESifh wef;wltjcm; tcef;BuD;wpfck or®musrf;wpftkyfvHk;ü ½SdcsifrS½Sdayvdrfhrnf}}[lí ajymcJhbl;onf/

pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 5;1-5 1xdkUaMumifh igwdkUonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajz mifhrwfapjcif;&um? igwdkU\ocifa,½I c&pf awmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESihf Nidrf;csrf;rI&Mu\/ 2igwdkUonf rdrdwdkU\&yfwnf&mjzpfaom þaus;Zl; awmftxJodkU ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh pwif&jcif;tm; xdkt½Siftm;jzifh&½SdMuum? bk&m;ocif\bkef;wef cdk;awmftm; arQmfvifhvsuf tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\/ 3xdkrQomvQifr[kwf? 'ku©qif;&Jonf pGJNrJjcif; jzpfyGg;apaMumif;od½Sdum? 'ku©qif;&JcH&müvnf; tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\/ 4pGJNrJjcif;onf oufaocdkif vHkaponf/ oufaockdifvHkjcif;onf ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfyGg;aponf/ 5ajrmfvifhjcif;onf pdwfysufp&m rjzpfapacs/ taMumif;rSm igwdkUudkay;aom oefU½Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif; arwåmawmfudk igwdkU\pdwfESvHk;xJodkU oGef;avmif;awmfrlcJhNyD/

5;1]]xdkUaMumifh}} þpum;vHk;tm;jzifhtcsufjyavh½SdonfrSm

1/ þae&mtxd "r®oabmw&m;aqG;aEG;rItm; tusOf;csKHUjcif;

2/ "r®oabmw&m;wifjyrItm; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;

3/ topfaomor®mw&m;wpf&yftm; wifjyjcif;/ (5;1/ 8;1/ 12;1)

]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&onf}}

¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICLEwpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunf oludk ajzmifhrwfapcJhNyDjzpf\/ þtcsuftm; tav;teufjyKjcif;tjzpf *&d0guswGif a½SUydkif;üxm;onf/ (i,f 1-2)/ ¤if;ü tcsdefumvqdkif&m tpDtpOfwpfck ti,f 1-11 ü ½Sdae[efwlonf/ 1/ i,f 1-5/ ,ckvuf½Sdü aus;Zl;awmfawGUMuHKcHpm;&yHk/ 2/ i,f 6-8/ igwdkUtwGuf c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhaomtvkyf

3/ i,f 9-11/ tem*wftwGuf igwdkU\ajrmfvifhjcif;ESihf u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;tydkif;(c)\tusOf;csKHUüMunfhyg/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}(dikaioŌ)[laom a0g[m&\"r®a[mif;aemufcHrSm ("r®opfusrf;a&;om; olrsm;onf a[NAJvlrsKd;uJhodkUawG;NyD;? *&daeUpOfoHk;pum;jzifh a&;om;olrsm;jzpfonf)]]ajzmifhwef;aomtpGef;tem;}}odkYr [kwf]]wdkif;wm&musLvHk;[líjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ociftaMumif; wifpm;azmfjy&mü oHk;aoma0g[m&jzpf vmonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m//ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m; 1;17 üMunfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\p½dkuf? oefU½Sif;jcif; onfomvQif w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;\ pHjzpfayrnf/ (LXX \0wfjyK 24;22 ESifh"r®oabmw&m;t& róJ 5;48)/ a,½Ionf ,ZfaumiftjzpfESi tpm;xdk;&mtjzpf taocHjcif;aMumifh(a[½Sm 53) ,HkMunfolrsm; onf bk&m;ocif\rsufarSmufawmfü w&m;Oya't& &yfwnf&mwpf&yf&½SdMuonf/ (5;2 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/) ,HkMunfolü tjypfuif;oGm;onf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ? ,ckacwftac:jzifh vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;jcif; rsKd;jzpfonf/ tjcm;aomyk*¾dKvfwpfpHkwpfa,mufonf jypf'Pfudkay;acsoGm;cJhíjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;21)/ ,HkMunfolonf tjypfvTwfjcif;cH&NyD[k xkwfazmfaMumfjimjcif; cH&onf/ (i,f 9?10)



]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}} ,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifatmiftm; vufcH&mvufjzpfonf/ (i,f 2/ a&mr 4;1)/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf ,HkMunfol\ qufuyfrI(0g)qHk;jzwfrI\'D*&D (0g)twdkif;twmtm; tajcrjyKbJ (róJ 17;20)bk&m;ocif\p½kdufESifh uwdawmfay:tajcjyKonf/({zuf 2;8-9)/ ]],HkMunfjcif;}} [laom"r®a[mif;pum;vHk;onf rl&if;tm;jzifh wnfNidrfpGmrwfrwf&yfaeaom udk,faeudk,fxm;udk &nfnTef; onf/ ¤if;onf vlwpfa,muf\opöm½SdrI? tm;xm;xdkufrIESifh ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rItm; wifpm;azmfjy&efoHk;onfh pum;vHk; jzpfvmonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;onf uRefawmfwdkU\opöm½SdrI(0g),HkMunfpdwfcs&rIudk tajcrjyKbJ? bk&m;ocifudkom tajcjyKonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ,HkMunfjcif; 4;5 üMunfhyg/  ]]Nidrf;csrf;rI&Mu\/}} uGJjym;jcm;em;aom *&dvufa&;rl&if;wpfck½Sdonf/ þBud,monf PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJECTIVE (echomen, MSS a*, A, B*, C, D) odkUr[kwf PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE (echomen,MSS Aleph B2, F, G)jzpfonf/ þuJhodkUaom o'´goabmt& t"dyÜg,f roJuGJrIrsm; ti,f 1? 2 ESifh 3 wdkUüvnf; awGU½Sd&onf/

1/ ¤if;onfSUBJUNCTIVEac:pdwfqE´wpfck &nfnTef;rIjzpfygu ]]Nidrf;csrf;rItm; qufvufcHpm; MuygpdkU}} odkUr[kwf]]Nidrf;csrf;rI&½Sdjcif;tm; xdef;xm;MuygpdkU}}[lí bmomjyef &vdrfhrnf/

2/ tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjyrIjzpfonfh INDICATIVEjzpfygrI ]]Nidrf;csrf;rIudk igwdkU&½SdMu\}}[lí bmomjyef&efjzpfonf/ ti,f 1-11 rSm wdkufwGef;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfolrsm;üjzpfaeonfht&m(0g)c&pfawmfrSwqifh olwdkU&cJhNyD;jzpfonfht&mjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh þBud,mrSmPRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVEjzpfonfh ]]Nidrf;csrf;rIudk igwdkU&½SdMu\}}[lí omjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ xdkUaMumifh UBS4 onf ¤if;tm; pdwfBudKuf ]]A}}tqifh (aocsm)ay;onf/

uRefawmfwdkU\ a½S;acwf*&dvufa&;usrf; trsm;tjym;wdkYudkjyKvkyfyHkrSm wpfa,mufuzwfNyD;tjcm;t awmfrsm;rsm;u rdwåLa&;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ toHxGufwlnDaompum;vHk;wdkUrSm rMumcPa&maxG;aewwf onf/ xdkUaMumifh usrf;pum;tquftpyfESihfwpfcgwpf&H pma&;[efESihf pma&;oloHk;aeusa0g[m&wdkYonf rnfodkY teufjyef&rnfudkqHk;jzwf&mü ydkrdkvG,fulaponf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Nidrfoufjcif; (t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;) þ*&da0g[m&onf rl&if;tm;jzifh ]]usKd;yJhcJhNyD;onfudk yl;ícsnfonf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü peace ac:þpum;vHk;tm; t"dyÜg,foHk;rsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/

1/ yuwdtjrifESifhjzpfNyD; c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;&jcif; (aum 1;20)

2/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&mtjrifhESifhjzpfNyD; bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefrI&jcif; (a,m 14;27/ 16;33/ zd 4;7)

3/ ,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;ESpfrsKd;pvHk; c&pfawmfrSwqifh topfaomcE¨mudk,f wpfckxJ bk&m;ocifu aygif;pnf;vdkufjcif;/ ({zuf 2;14-17/ aum 3;15) bk&m;ocifESifh wpfcgNidrf;csrf;rI&NyDqdkvQif? ¤if;onf tjcm;olrsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;rIjzpfay:ap&rnfjzpfonf/ a'gifvdkuftjzpf rSefonfhtvsm;vdkuftjzpfrSefjzifh ay:vGifae&ygrnf/ (wpfOD;csif;ESifh bk&m; ociftMum;rSm a'gifvdkufqufqHa&;jzpfNyD;? tvsm;vdkufqufqHa&;qdkif&mrSm vltcsif;csif; qufqHa&;udkqdkvdkygonf)

Newman ESifh Nida wdkYa&;om;jyKpkonfh A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Romans, p.92 ü]]Nidrf;csrf;jcif;}}-peace taMumif; rSwfcsufaumif;wpfck½Sdonf/ ]]"r®a[mif;ESifh"r®opfusrf;ESpfckpvHk;wGif]]Nidrf;csrf;jcif;}}-peace [laompum;vHk;ü us,fjyefYaom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ tajccHtm;jzifh ¤if;onf vlwpfa,muf\b0toufwmtvHk;pHkü aumif;rGeftqifajy aejcif;udkazmfjyonf/ ¤if;udk *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf EIwfqufpum;tjzpf (shalom)yif toHk;jyKMuonf/ ar½Sd,\ u,fwifjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&ef *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY toHk;jyKEkdifavmufatmif ¤if;a0g[m&ü av;eufvSonfh t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefaomqufEG,fawmfpyfrI}}tm;azmfjyonfh t"dyÜg,fwl pum;vHk;tjzpf toHk;jyKonfhtcgvnf;½Sdonf/ þae&mürl bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; rdrdESihfrSefuef apjcif;tay: tajccHonf/ vlom;ESihfbk&m;ociftMum; o[mZmwjzpfonfh qufEG,fawmfpyfrItm; a&;om; azmfjy&ef toHk;jyKaMumif;ay:vGifonf/ (pmrsufESm 92)

 ]]igwdkY\ocifa,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESihf}}/ a,½IrSm bk&m;ocifESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;&apol udk,fpm;vS,fawmfjzpfonf/ (i,f 2? 9? 11? 17? 21/ ti,f 5ü0dnmOfawmf) a,½Ionf bk&m;ocifESihf Nidrf;csrf;a&;&Ekdif&ef wpfckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfonf/ (a,m 10;7-8/ 14;6/ wref 4;12/ 1wd 2;5)/ ]]ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf}}[laom bGJYemrawmfüygaom a0g[m&rsm;udk 1;4\ rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ 5;2 ]]pwif0if&jcif;tm;...&½SdMu} }þBud,mrSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ twdwfü NyD;pD;cJhNyD; aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIonf ,ckwnf½SdaeaMumif;tm;ajymonf/ ]]pwif}}- introduction }}[laom a0g[m&onf vHk;aphywfaphtm;jzif ]]csOf;uyfwdk;0ifjcif;}} odkYr[kwf ]]cGifhjyKjcif;}}[kqdkvdkonf/ (prosagŌgē {zuf 2;18/ 3;12)/ ¤if;udk atmufygt"dyÜg,frsm;jzifh wifpm;oHk;EIef; onf/ 1/ rif;rsKd;rif;EG,frsm;odkY vludk,fwdkif rdwfqufcH&jcif;

2/ qdyfurf;wpfckodkY vHkjcHKpGm ,laqmifoGm;rIcH&jcif; (1ay 3;18)

þpum;pkü *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü uGJjym;rIwpfckyg0ifonf/ tcsKdYa½S;acwfvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}pum;pkudk aygif;xnfhonf/ (a2, C tcsKdUaom Old Latin, Vulgate, Syriac ESifh Coptic usrf;uGJ rsm;) tjcm;vufa&;usrf;rsm;ü ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}qdkon pum;pkü 0dbwf ]]to}} jznfhpGufonf/ (a, A ESifhtcsKdUaomVulgate usrf;uGJrsm;)rnfodkYjzpfap pmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifha&;onfh vufa&;usrf; B, D, FESifhG wdkYurl ¤if;udk csefxm;Muonf/ 5;1 ESifh 4;16 (ESpfcg)? 19ESifh20 wdkYtvm;wljzpfaejcif;aMumifh ¤if;udk jznfhpGuf vdkufjcif;jzpf[ef½Sdonf/ ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}}[lonf aygvk rMumcPoHk;aom t"dutcsufBuD; jzpfonf/



]]þaus;Zl;awmftxJodkY}} þa0g[m& (charis)onf rxdkufrwefaom? BudK;csnfrxm;aom? rwlrwef aom bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmftm;qdkvdkonf/ ({zuf 2;4-9)/ ¤if;udk tjypfjynfhaomvlom;twGuf c&pfawmftaocH&mü ½Sif;vif;pGmjrif&onf/ (i,f 8)



]]rdrdwdkY &yfwnf&mjzpfaom}} ¤if;rSm tjcm;aom PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ ]]igwdkY&yfwnfaeum? qufvuf&yf wnfonf}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ¤if;onf c&pfawmftxJ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ "r®oabm&yfwnfrIESihf ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh qufvufqufuyfoGm;MurItm; ay:vGifaponf/ ¤if;onf bk&m; ocif\tcsKyftjcmtmPmESifh (1aum 15;1)vl\vGwfvyfaomqE´ ({zuf 6;11? 13? 14)wdkY\qefYusif bufjzpf[ef½Sdaom or®mw&m;tm; aygif;pnf;xm;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /&yfwnfonf ( hisēmi) toHk;rsm;aom þa0g[m&udk "r®opfusrf;ü t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/

1/ wnfaqmif&ef

u/ "r®a[mif;ynwåd? a&m 3;31 c/ vlwpfa,muf\ajzmifhrwfjcif;? a&mr 10;3

*/ y#dnOfw&m;opf? a[NAJ 10;9 C/ trdefYwpfck? 2aum 13;1 i/ bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;awmf? 2wd 2;19

2/ 0dnmOfa&;ü ckcH&ef u/ rm&fewftm;? {zuf 6;11 c/ w&m;pD&if&maeYü? Asm 6;17

3/ rdrd\ajcjzifh ajrjyifay:&yfum ckcHjcif; u/ ppfbufqdkif&m wifpm;rI? {zuf 6;14 c/ t&yfbufqdkif&mwifpm;rI? a&mr 14;4

4/ or®mw&m;ü taetxm;wpfck? a,m[ef 8;44 5/ aus;Zl;awmfü taetxm;wpfck u/ a&m 5;2 c/ 1aum 15;1 */ 1ay 5;12

6/ ,HkMunfjcif;ü taetxm;wpfck

u/ a&m 11;20

c/ 1aum 7;37 */ 1aum 15;1

C/ 2aum 1;24

7/ rmeaxmifvTm;aom taetxm;wpfck 1aum 10;12 þa0g[m&onf y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m aus;Zl;awmfESifhtcsKyftjcmjzpfol bk&m;ocif\*½kPmawmf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;azmfjyonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;ü ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ¤if;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyK&efESifh ¤if;ü,HkMunfjcif;tm; jzifh wG,fuyfae&efjzpfaMumif;udkygjyonf/ ESpfrsKd;pvHk; or®musrf;enf;us or®mw&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkY ESpfckpvHk; qkyfudkifxm;&efjzpfonf!



]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}} þo'´gzGJYpnf;yHktm; em;vnfEkdifonfrSm (1) PRESENT MIDDLE (oufao xGufqdkcsuf)INDICATIVE ac:tjzpfrSeftm;azmfjyjcif;]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}[lívnf;aumif; (2) PRESENT MIDDLE (oufaoxGufqdkcsuf) SUBJUNCTIVE ac: pdwfqE´tm; azmfjyjcif;tjzp ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMupdkY}} [líESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/ þa½G; cs,frIü usrf;pmq&mrsm;tjrif uGJjym;onf/ tjzpfrSeftm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonfh

INDICATIVEtjzpf ti,f 1ü ,lum ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}[kqdkygu xdktwdkif; ti,f 3txd wajy;nD jzpf&ygrnf/

]]tvGef0rf;ajrmuf}}-exult pum;vHk;\tjrpfrSm ]]0g<um;jcif;}}-boasting jzpfonf/ (NRSV, JB)txl; taMumif;t&m 2;17 üMunfhyg/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYaMumihf 0rf;ajrmufMujcif;r[kwfbJ(3;27)olwdkY twGuf udk,fawmfvkyfay;cJhNyD;aomt&maMumifhjzpfonf/ (a,&rd 9;23-24)/ þ*&drl&if;udkyif ti,f 3ESihf11 wdkYü xyfíoHk;onf/

 ]]tm;arQmfvifhvsuf}} aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,fcsif;qufpyfvsuf trsKd;rsKd;oHk;onf/ txl; taMumif;t&m 4;18üMunfhyg/ ¤if;udk ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfjcif; NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;odkYa&mufjcif;ESihfqdkifí oHk;avh ½Sdonf/ ¤if;udk azmfjyyHkwdkYrSm bkef;wefckd;? xm0&touf? u,fwifjcif;\jynfhpHkjcif;? 'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf <uvmjcif;ponfwdkYjzpf\/ NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;[lonf aocsmaomt&mjzpfaomfvnf; tcsdefumvrSm tem*wfü ½SdNyD;? rod½Sd&acs/ ¤if;onf ]],HkMunfjcif;}}(faith)ESihf]]cspfjcif;arwåm}}wdkYESi qufEG,favh½Sdonf/ (1aum 13;13/ *v 5;5-6/ {zuf 4;2-5/ 1ouf 1;3/ 5;8)/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHkwdkYteuf tcsKdYrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpf onf/

1/ 'kwd,tBudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;? *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ wd 2;13

a,½Ionf igwdkY\ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1

,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifxH qufojcif;cH&rnf/ aum 1;22-23/ 1ouf 2;19

4/ ajrmfvifhjcif;onf aumif;uifbHkü odkxm;vsuf½Sdonf/ aum 1;5

5/ tqHk;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27

bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf? a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27

u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI? 1ouf 5;8-9

8/ xm0&touf? wdwk 1;2/ 3;7

9/ c&pf,mef&ifhusufrI\ tusKd;&v'frsm;? a&mr 5;2-5

zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk;wdkYudk a½G;EIwfjcif;? a&mr 8;20-22

11/ bk&m;ocif\bGJYemrawmfwpfrsKd;? a&mr 15;13

12/ om;t&mü cefYxm;jcif;\pHkvifjcif;jynfh0rI a&muf½Sdjcif;? a&mr 8;23-25

13/ "r®opfacwf ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf vrf;nTefwpfckjzpfonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;? a&mr 15;4

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pdwfcsrI

u/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrdwdkYu,fwifjcif;&aMumif; od½SdEkdifygovm; (1a,m 5;13)1a,m[efusrf;ü prf;oyfrI(0g)taxmuftxm;oHk;ck½Sdonf/

1/ Mo0g'qdkif&mtm;jzifh (,HkMunfrI-belief) (i,f 1? 5? 10/ 2;18-25/ 4;1-6? 14-16/ 5;11-12)

2/ touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH (emcHrI) (i,f 2-3/ 2;3-6/ 3;1-10/ 5;18)

3/ vlrIa&;tm;jzifh (cspfjcif;arwåm) (2-3/ 2;7-11/ 3;11-18/ 4;7-12? 16-21)

c/ u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIonf *dkPf;*eqdkif&m Mo0g'wpfckjzpfvmonf/

1/ *RefuJvfAJif-John Calvin onf pdwfcs&rIudk bk&m;ocif\a½G;cs,frItay: tajcjyKonf/ þb0ü rdrdwdkYpdwfcsrI rnfonfhtcgürQ ½SdEkdifMurnfr[kwf[kqdkonf/

2/ *Ref0DpvD John Wesley onf pdwfcs&rIudk bmoma&;tawGYtMuHKay: tajcjyKonf/ odvsufom; ESifh tjypfjyKjcif;rjyKbJ? touf½SifEkdifpGrf; igwdkYü½Sdonf[k ol,HkMunfonf/

3/ a&mrumodkvpfESifhChurch of Christ ac:c&pfawmf\toif;awmfwdkYonf pdwfcs&rItm;? tcGihftm Pm½Sdaom toif;awmfwpfyg;ay: tajcjyKonf/ rnfonfhtzGJYujzpfonf[laomtcsufrSm pdwfcs &rIaomhcsufjzpfonf/

4/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; toif;awmftrsm;pkonf pdwfcs&rItm; or®musrf;pm\uwdrsm;tay: tajcjyKum? ,HkMunfol\b0toufwmxJ 0dnmOfawmftoD;oD;jcif;ESihf qufpyfMuonf/ (*v 5;22-23)

*/ usqif;cJhNyD;jzpfaomvlom;\ pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\p½kdufvu©PmESifh qufpyfvsuf½Sd onf[k uRefawmf,HkMunfonf/

1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;\arwåmawmf

(u) a,m 3;16/ 10;28-29

(c) a&mr 8;31-39

(*) {zuf 2;5? 8-9 (C) zdvdydÜ 1;6 (i) 1ay 1;3-5

(p) 1a,m 4;7-21

2/ om;awmfbk&m;\vkyfaqmifrIrsm; (u) igwdkYtwGuf taocHjcif;

1^ wref 2;23

2^ a&m 5;6-11

3^2aum 5;21

4^ 2a,m 2;2/ 4;9-10

(c) ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ qkawmif;jcif;(a,m 17;12) (*) qufvufí Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;aejcif;

1^a&m 8;34

2^a[NAJ 7;25

3^1a,m 2;1

3/ 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;\ trIaqmif½Gufjcif; (u) ac:zdwfjcif; (a,m 6;44? 65) (c) wHqdyfcwfjcif;

1^2aum 1;22/ 5;5

2^{zuf 1;13-14/ 4;3

(*) pdwfcsvsuf½Sdaejcif; 1^a&mr 8;16-17

2^1a,m 5;7-13

C/ odkYaomf vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifay;prf;onfh y#dnOfw&m;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyKMu&ygrnf/ (tpjyKjcif; ESifh qufvufoGm;jcif;)

1/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypfrSjyefvSnfhum (aemifw)a,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh (,HkMunf-faith) bk&m;ocifxHvm&ygrnf/ (u) rmuk 1;15 (c) wref 3;16? 19? 20;21

2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocifay;prf;onfht&mudk vufcH&ygrnf/ (u) a,m[ef 1;12/ 3;16 (c) a&mr 5;1/ (tvm;wltm;jzifh 10;9-13) (*) {zuf 2;5? 8-9

3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ,HkMunfjcif;ü qufvufoGm;Mu&ygrnf/ (u) rmuk 13;13 (c) 1aum 15;2 (*) *vmwd 6;9 (C) a[NAJ 3;14 (i) 2ay 1;10 (p) ,k' 20-21 (q) Asm'dwf 2;2-3? 7? 10? 17? 19? 25-26/ 3;5? 10? 11? 21/

4/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf prf;oyfrIoHk;rsKd; &ifqdkifonf/ (u) Mo0g'ydkif;qdkif&mü (i,f 1?5? 10/ 2;18-25/ 4;1-6? 14-16) (c) touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHü (i,f 2-3/ 2;3-6/ 3;1-10) (*) vlrIa&;ü (i,f2-3/ 2;7-11/ 3;11-18/ 4;7-12/ 16-21/

i/ pdwfcs&&ef cufcJ&jcif;rSm

1/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf or®musrf;pmxJ ay;xm;onfhuwdrsm;r[kwfbJ? tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh ½Smavh½SdMujcif;

2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf owif;aumif;udk jynhfpHkpGm em;vnfoabmaygufjcif; r½SdMujcif;/

3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf acgif;rmpGmjzifh qufvuftjypfjyKMujcif; (1aum 3;10-15/ 9;27/ 1wd 1;19-20/ 2wd 4;10/ 2ay 1;8-11)

4/ tcsKdUvlyk*¾dKvfrsm; (Oyrm- tjypfuif;jcif;0g'rsm;)onf bk&m;ocif\cRif;csufrJhESifharwåm tm;jzifh vufcHrIjyKawmfrljcif;tm; rnfodkYrQ rvufcHEkdifMuacs/

5/ ,HkMunfoljzpfygonf[k twkta,mif 0efcHolrsm;or®musrf;pmü awGY&jcif;/ (róJ 13;323/ 7;21-23/ rmuk 4;14-20/ 2ay 2;19-20/ 1a,m 2;18-19)/

]]bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf}} þpum;pkrSm bk&m;ocifonf yk*¾dKvftm;jzifh twl½SdaeaMumif;twGufoHk;aom "r®a[mif;usrf; toHk;EIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ a,½Ionf ½SifjyefxajrmufaomaeYü jyifqifay;onfh (2aum 5;21) ,HkMunfajzmifhrwfjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\a½SYawmfarSmufü ,HkMunfol\&yfwnfrItm; &nfnTef;onf/ ¤if;udk "r®oabmjzihf ]]bkef;awmftm;jzifh csD;jr§ifhjcif;}}-glorification(i,f 9-10/ 8;30)[k ac:avh½Sdonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf a,½IESifhwljcif;&½SdMuvdrfhrnf/ (1a,m 3;2/ 2ay 1;4)? txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bkef;wefcdk;awmf 3;23üMunfhyg/



5;3

NASB ]]þrQomvQifr[kwf ...&müvnf;}}

NKJV ]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf ...&müvnf;}}

NRSV ]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf...&müvnf;}}

TEV csefxm;onf

NJB ]]xdkrQomvQifr[kwf}} aygvkonf aygif;pyfaom þa0g[m&rsm;ukd tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (5;3? 11/ 8;23/ 9;10 ESifh 2aum 8;19)



NASB ]]'ku©a0'emBuD;rsm; cH&müvnf; igwdkYtvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}}

NKJV ]]'ku©a0'emBuD;rsm; cH&müvnf; *kPf,lMu\}}

NRSV ]]'ku©cH&müvnf; igwdkY0g<um;Mu\}}

TEV ]]'ku©a&mufonfhtcgvnf; igwdkY0g<um;Mu\}}

NJB ]]igwdkY\cufcJrIrsm;üvnf; tvGef0rf;ajrmufMuygpdkY}}

þavmuonf a,½Iudk rkef;wD;onfqdkvQif olYaemufvdkufrsm;udkyg rkef;wD;vdrfhrnf/ (róJ 10;22/ 24;9/ a,m[ef 15;18-21) vlYpum;jzifhajym&rnfqdkvQif a,½Ionf rdrdcHpm;cJhonfh 'ku©qif;&Jrsm;tm;jzifh &ifhusufwnfMunfrI&onf/ (a[NAJ 5;8)/ 'ku©qif;&Jon tm;ukd;&jcif;ESifh &ifhusufwnfMunfrIjzpfaponf/ c&pfawmfESihfwlnDrIonf ,HkMunfolwdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ pDrHcsufjzpfonf/ 'ku©qif;&JrSm ¤if;\tpdwf tydkif;jzpfonf! (8;17-19/ wref 14;22/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-19)

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /c&pf,mefrsm;tb,faMumifh'ku©qif;&JcHMuoenf;/

1/ rdrdwdkY\tjypfaMumifh (,m,Dw&m;pD&ifjcif;)/ jyóemESifhtysufoabmaqmifaom tajctaewdkif;onf tjypfaMumifh[laom oabmr[kwfacs/ (a,mb/ qmvH 73/ vkum 14;1-5/ ae 9/ wref 5;1-11/ 1aum 11;29-30/ *vm 6;7)

2/ c&pfawmfESifhydkíwlvmap&ef (a[NAJ 5;8)/ vlYpum;tm;jzifh ajym&vQif a,½IyifvQif &ifhusufrIvdktyfonfenf;wl olYaemufvdkufrsm;vnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ (a&mr 5;3-4/ 8;28-29/ 2aum 12;7-10/ zd 3;10/ a[NAJ 12;5-12/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 1;7)/

3/ oufaocH&mü ydkíwefcdk;ygum? ydkíxda&mufrI½Sdap&ef (róJ 5;10-12/ a,m 15;18-22/ 1ay 2;18-21/ 3;13-17)/

4/ uyfumvtopfarG;zGm;ay:xGef;vmrnfhtaMumif; edrdwfvu©Pmwpf&yftjzpf (róJ 24;6/ rmuk 13;8)

]]od½Sdum}}/ ¤if;onf ]]oida}} PERFECT PARTICLEjzpfonf/ yHkpHtm;jzifh PERFECT (jzpfcJhNyD;) jzpfaomf vnf;PRESENT TENSE (jzpfqJ)[laom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\or®mw&m;udk ,kHMunfol rsm;em;vnf&jcif;aMumifh ab;'ku©awGYMuHK&onfhtcg b0udk 0rf;ajrmufjcif; ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIjzifh &ifqdkifEkdif apNyD;? ¤if;onf tajctaeay: rlwnfjcif;r[kwf? n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufcHpOfüyif xdktwdkif;jzpfonf/ (zd 4;4/ 1ouf 5;16? 18)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ]]'ku©qif;&Jrsm;aMumifh}}r[kwfbJ? ]]¤if;wdkYtxJü}}0rf;ajrmufMujcif; jzpfonf! 5;3]]'ku©a0'em}} atmufygtaMumif;t&müMunfhyg/



txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 'ku©a0'em þa0g[m& (thlipsis)tm; toHk;jyK&mü aygvkESifha,m[efwdkYü "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m uGJjym;jcm;em; rI½SdaMumif; od½Sd&efvdktyfonf/ u/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHk (a,½I\oHk;EIef;yHkudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf)

1/ jyóemrsm;? 'ku©qif;&Jrsm;? usqif;cJhNyD;aom þavmu\qdk;oGrf;rIrsm; yg0ifonf/ (u) róJ 13;21 (c) a&mr 5;3 (*) 1aum 7;28 (C) 2aum 7;4 (i) {zuf 3;13

2/ jyóemrsm;? 'ku©qif;&Jrsm; r,HkMunfolrsm;aMumifhjzpfaom qdk;oGrf;rIrsm; (u) a&mr 5;3/ 8;35/ 12;12 (c) 2aum 1;4? 8/ 6;4/ 7;4/ 8;2? 13 (*) {zuf 3;13 (C) zd 4;14 (i) 1ouf 1;6 (p) 2ouf 1;4

3/ jyóemrsm;? 'ku©qif;&Jrsm;? aemufqHk;aomumvqdkif&m qdk;oGrf;rIrsm; (u) róJ 24;21/ 29

(c) rmuk 13;19? 24 (*) 2ouf 1;6-9

c/ a,m[ef\oHk;EIef;yHk

1/ a,m[efonf thlipsis ESifhorgē (0g) thumos (trsufawmf)ESpfrsKd; Asm'dwfusrf;ü cGJjcm;toHk; jyKonf/Thlipsis r,HkMunfolrsm;u? ,HkMunfolrsm;tay:jyKonfht&mjzpfum? Orge ESifh thumos wdkYrSm bk&m;ocifu r,HkMunfolrsm;tay: jyKaomt&mjzpfonf/

(u) thlipsis - Asm 1;9/ 2;9-10? 22/ 7;14 (c) orgē - Asm 6;16-17/ 11;18/ 16;19/ 19;15

(*) thumos - Asm 12;12/ 14;8? 10? 19/ 15;2? 7/ 16;1/ 18;3/

2/ a,m[efonf þa0g[m&udk ol\c&pf0ifusrf;üvnf; toHk;jyKNyD;? acwfumvwdkif;ü ,HkMunfol rsm;&ifqdkif&onfhjyóemrsm;udk ay:vGifaponf/ a,m[ef 16;33

5;3?4]]pGJNrJjcif;}} þa0g[m&onf ]]apwemESifhjyKonf}} ]]wuf<uonf}} ]]NrJjrHcdkifMunfonf}} ]]Mum½SnfcHonf}} (onf;cHonf)[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm vlrsm;ESihfqdkifívnf;aumif;? tajctaersm;ESihfqdkifívnf;aumif; onf;cHEkdifjcif;? onf;cHjcif;ESihfqdkifonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 8;25 üMunfhyg/

5;4

NASB ]]tusihfpm&dwåckdifvHkaponf}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]tusifhpm&dwå}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocif\auseyfrI}}

NJB ]]prf;oyfcHaomtusifhpm&dwåjzpfaponf}}

*&d"r®a[mif;usrf;-(LXX)\urÇm 23;16/ 3"r® 10;18/ 1&mZ0if 28;18 wdkYü þa0g[m&tm; owåKypönf;rsm;\ oefYpifrIESifh ppfrSefrIwdkYtm; prf;oyfjcif;twGufoHk;onf/ (2aum 2;9? 8;2/ 9;13/ 13;3/ zd 2;22/ 2wd 2;15/ ,mukyf 1;12)/ bk&m;ocif\prf;oyfrIrsm;onf cdkifcHhapa&;twGuf jzpfavh½Sdonf/ (a[NAJ 12;10-11)! txl;taMumif;t&m/ / prf;oyfppfaq;jcif; 2;18 üMunfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / c&pf,mefBuD;xGm;jcif; a&mr 5;3-4 *vmwd 5;22-23 ,mukyf 1;3-4 2ay 1;5-7 'ku©qif;&JaMumifh 0dnmOfawmftoD; prf;oyfrIaMumifh vHkYv0D&d,toHk;csjcif;

ZGJ½Sdaponf *cspfjcif; *cHEkdif&nf½Sd

oufaoxif½Sm;ap *0rf;ajrmufjcif; *&ifhusuf

taumif;qHk;udk,fusifhw&m;

todynm

rdrdudk,frdrdxdef;Edkifjcif; (i,f 2) *pdwf½Snfjcif; (2)pHkvifjynfh0

ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfay:ap *Nidrfoufjcif; (1)pGJNrJjcif;

aus;Zl;jyKjcif;

ZGJ½Sdjcif;

aumif;jrwfjcif;

nDtpfudkcsif;arwåm *opömapmifhjcif; (philadelphia)

aumif;jrwfjcif;

*El;nHhodrfarGYjcif;

c&pf,mefarwåm

agapē) wnf;jcif; 5;5 ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;onf pdwfysufp&mrjzpfapacs}} ¤if;onf a[NAJ idiom (Oyrm-t½SufwuGJjzpfjcif;qmvH 25;3? 20/ 31;1?17/ 119;116/ a[½Sm 28;16 (a&mr 9;33ü udk;um;onf)? zdvdydÜ 1;20)udk;um;jcif; jzpfEkdifonf/  ]]bk&m;ocif\cspfjcif;arwåmawmfudk igwd kY\pdwfESvHk;xJodkY oGif;avmif;awmfrlcJhNyD}} ¤if;onfPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; ]]bk&m;½Sif\arwåmawmfonf oGef;avmif;cJhNyD;? qufvuf oGef;avmif;onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ þBud,mudk oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfü oHk;avh½SdNyD;(wref 2;17? 18/ 33/ 10;45 ESifhwdwk 3;6) ¤if;onf a,mv 2;28-29 (a[½Sm 32;15)tm; xif[yfjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/

*umr*kPfcsKyf

GENITIVE PHRASE jzpfaom]]bk&m;ocifESifhqdkifaomarwåmawmf}}(the love of God)[lonf o'´genf; us &nfnTef;EkdifonfrSm (1) bk&m;ociftm; igwdkYcspfonfharwåm odkYr[kwf (2) igwdkYtm; bk&m;ocifcspf onfharwåmawmf wpfckckjzpfEkdifonf/(a,m 3;16/ 2aum 5;14)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmt& eHygwf ESpfudka½G;cs,f&rnfjzpfonf/

 ]]igwdkYudkay;aom oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf}} ¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ bk&m; ocif udk,fwdkif\vkyfaqmifrItm; azmfjy&mü tjyKcHBud,mjzpfonfh PASSIVE VOICEoHk;avh½Sdonf/ ,HkMunf olrsm;ü aemufxyfoefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf rvdktyf[kqdkvdkonf/ olwdkYü 0dnmOfawmf½Sdonf odkYr[kwf olwdkY rSm c&pf,mefr[kwf(8;9)[líwpfckckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfay;jcif; (oGef;avmif;jcif;)onf acwfopfjzpfaom (a,mv 2;28-29)y#dnOfw&m;opf (a,&rd 31;31-34/ a,Zaus 36;22-32)\ edrdwfvu©Pmjzpfonf/

þusrf;ydk'fxJüoHk;yg;wpfqlrS yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;yg½SdaMumifh odrSwfyg/

bk&m;ocif?

a,½I? i,f

0dnmOfawmf?

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oHk;yg;wpfql bk&m; 8;11üMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 5;6-11

igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaepOf? oifhawmfaomtcsdefü c&pfawmfonf rw&m;aomolwdkYtwGuf taocHawmfrl\/ 7ajzmifhrwfaomoltwGuf taocHrnfhol½SdcJ\/ olawmf aumif;twGuf taocH0Hhol½Sdaumif;½Sdvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ 8odkYaomf igwdkYonf tjypf½SdpOfyif c&pfawmf onf igwdkYtwGuf taocHawmfrl&mü? bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtm; rdrd\arwåmawmfudk xif½Sm;pGm jyawmfrl\/ 9xdkYxufru taoG;awmf tm;jzifh ,ckajzmi fhrwfapjcif;&cJhMuum? bk&m;ocif\trsuf awmfrS xdkociftm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Muvdrfhrnf/ 10taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf &efolrsm;jzpfaepOf? om;awmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifESi jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif; cHcJhMuonfqdkvQif? xdkYxufru jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? toufawmf tm;jzifh igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ 11þrQ

omvQifr[kwfbJ? igwdkYt½Sifa,½I c&pfawmfrSwqifh jyefvnf oifhjrwfapjcif;tm; ,ck&½SdMuojzifh vnf; xdkociftm;jzifh igwdkYonf bk&m; ocifü tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\/

5;6

NASB ]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;ukd;&mrJhjzpfaepOf}}

NKJV ]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf cGeftm;rJhvsuf ½SdaeMupOf}}

NRSV ]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;enf;vsuf ½SdaeMupOf}}

TEV ]]taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaeonfhtcsdefü}}

NJB ]]igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaeonfhtcsdefü}}

þBud,mrSm PRESENT PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;ü½Sdonfh tm'H\Zmwdoabmudk nTef;qdkonf/ vlom;ütjypfudk qefYusif&efwefcdk;uif;rJhonf/ emrfpm;jzpfonfh ]]igwdkY}}onf ti,f 6u ]]rw&m;aomol}} ti,f 8 u ]]tjypf½Sdolrsm;}}ESifh ti,f 10u ]]&efolrsm;}}wdkYudkyif ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; ¤if;wdkYESihf tvm;wljzpfonf/ ti,f 6 ESihf 8 wdkYonf "r®oabmESifh wnfaqmufyHktm;jzifh qifwljzpfonf/ tvm;wl tNydKifjzpfaeyHkudk odrSwfyg/ (1)

(2) (3) i,f 6/ igwdkYonf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfcJhMuonf rw&m;olrsm;twGuf ......... c&pfawmf taocHcJhonf i,f 8/ igwdkYonf tjypf½SdpOfyi igwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmf ......... taocHcJhonf i,f 9/ ............ taoG;awmftm;jzifh taoG;awmftm;jzifh ,ckajzmifhrwfapjcif; &cJhMuumjyefvnf i,f 10/ igwdkYonf &efolrsm;jzpfaepOf om;awmf taocH oifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJh

Muonf t"duor®mw&m;rsm;udk xyfíazmfjyjcif;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ 1/ igwdkY\vdktyfrI

2/ c&pfawmf\ axmufrrI

3/ igwdkY\ topfaom&yfwnfrI

NASB, NRSV

NKJV ]]tcsdefwefonfhtcg}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocif a½G;cs,fonfhtcsdefü}}

NJB ]]a½G;cs,fawmfrlonfh tcdkuftwHhü}} ordkif;aMumif;t& jzpfEkdifaom ¤if;\&nfnTef;&mrSm

1/ a&mrwdkY\ Nidrf;csrf;rI (ESifhvrf;rBuD;rsm;)aMumifh c&D;oGm;vmí&jcif;

2/ uGJjym;jcm;em;aom ,Ofaus;rIbmompum;rsm;tMum; *&dbmompum;jzifh ajymqdkquf oG,fí&jcif;

3/ *&dvlrsKd;ESifh a&mrvlrsKd;wdkY\ ewfbk&m;rsm; ½IH;edrfhjcif;onf arQmfvifhjcif;ESihf? urÇmBuD;tm; 0dnmOfa&;t& qmiwfrIjzpfay:aponf/ (rmuk 1;15/ *vm 4;4/ {zuf 1;10/ wdwk 1;3)/

vl0ifpm;jcif;^vljzpfvmjcif;onf "r®oabmt& pDrHcsufwpf&yf? bk&m;qdkif&mtjzpftysufwpfckjzpf onf/(vkum 22;22/ wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28/ {zuf 1;11)/

8? 10 ]]rw&m;aomolrsm;twGuf taocHonf}} ¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf a,½I\b0toufwmESifh taocHjcif;udk wpfckwnf;aomtjzwfjzifh ½Ijrifonf/ ]]a,½Ionf rdrd rwifaomta<u;udkay;qyfcJhum? igwdkYonf rdrdwdkYray;acsEdkifaom ta<u;wpfckwif½SdcJhMuonf}}(*v 3;13/ 1a,m 4;10)

c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;rSm aygvka&;aompmrsm;ü xyfcgwvJvJ awGY&aomt"dutcsufwpf&yfjzpf onf/ olonf a,½I\udk,fpm;jyKtaocHjcif;tm; &nfnTef;onfh uJGJjym;jcm;em;aom a0g[m&ESifhpum;pk tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/

1/ ]]taoG;awmf}} (3;25/ 5;9/ 1aum 11;25? 27/ {zuf 1;7/ 2;13/ aum 1;20)/

2/ ]]rdrdudk,frdrday;tyf}} ({zuf 5;2? 25)

3/ ]]ay;tyf}} (a&mr 4;25/ 8;32)

4/ ]],ZfylaZmf}} (1aum 5;7)

5/ ]]taocH}} (a&mr 5;6/ 8;34/ 14;9? 15/ 1aum 8;11/ 15;3/ 2aum 5;15/ *v 5;21/ 1ouf 4;14/ 5;10)

6/ ]]vuf0g;uyfwdkif}} (1aum 1;17-18/ *v 5;11/ 6;12-14/ {zuf 2;16/ zd 2;8/ aum 1;20/ 2;14

7/ ]]um;pifwifí owfjcif;}} (1aum 1;23/ 2;2/ 2aum 13;4/ *v 3;1) þtcsufü 0dbwf huper \qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,frSm

1/ ]]igwdkYbufü}} udk,fpm;jyKjcif;

2/ ]]igwdkYae&mü}} tpm;xdk;jcif; omreftm;jzifh huper \tajccHt"dyÜg,frSm ydkifqdkifrIGENITIVE oabmjzifh]]igwdkYbufü}}[líjzpf onf/ (Louw and Nida)¤if;onf vlrsm;twGuf jzpfxGef;vmaomtusKd;aus;Zl;tcsKdYtm; azmfjyonf/ (The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, vol. 3.p.1196) rnfodkYjzpfap huper ü]]anti}} qdkonfht"dyÜg,f½SdNyD;]]ae&mü}}(tpm;)qdkonfht"dyÜg,fjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ¤if;onf tpm;xdk;jcif;tjzpf udk,fpm;ay;avsmfjcif; (tjypfajzjcif;)tm; "r®oabmt& nTef;qdkonf/ (rmuk 10;45/ a,m[ef 11;50/ 18;14/ 2aum 5;14/ 1wd 2;6)/ M.J.Harris (NIDNTT, vol. 3, p. 1197)u ajymonfrSm ]]'gayrJh aygvk[m c&pfawmfonf anti hēmŌn (igwdkYudk,fpm;)taocHcJhonf[k tb,faMumifh ajymcJhbl;jcif;r½Sd&oenf;?(1wd 2;6ü ¤if;ESifhteD;pyfqHk;ol oHk;EIef;cJhonfrSm-antilutron huper pantŌn [líjzpfonf) xdkodkYroHk;EIef;&jcif;rSm 0dbwf huper onf anti ESifhrwlbJ wifjyjcif;ESifhtpm;xdk;jcif;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;tm; azmfjyEdkifíjzpfEkdifygonf/}}

M.R.Vincent \ Word Studies, vol. 2 ü ajymonfrSm]]huper}}ac: ]]bufü}}onf anti ac:]]tpm;}} ESifhoabmwlnDjcif;½Sdr½Sd jiif;cHkrIrsm;pGm½Sdonf/ tqifhjrifhpma&;q&mrsm;onf xdkpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;wdkY\ t"dyÜg,frsm;ukd tjyeftvSef t"dyÜg,fwltjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifyHktm; Oyrmrsm;jycJhMuonf/ þpmydk'fürl þodkYoHk; EkdifaMumif; taxmuftxm;aumif;pGmr½SdaMumif; tvGefaocsmonf/ þ0dbwfü aoqHk;oloyfoyfESifhqdkif

aomt"dyÜg,frsKd;om½SdEkdifonf/ þpmydk'frsm;\t"dyÜg,fudk aocsmaygufrajymEkdifacs/ aocsmaygufajymEkdif onfhtcsufwpfckrSm huper ü anti \t"dyÜg,fESifhqufpyfaomt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf[líjzpf\/]]tpm;}}-instead of tm; tajccH0g'ydkif;qdkif&mü us,fjyefYpGmoHk;onf/ usrf;ydk'ftrsm;pkü ¤if;\t"dyÜg,frSm]]tusKd;tvdkYiSg}}(for the sake of)]]...\bufü}} (on behalf of)jzpfaMumif; aocsmonf/ rSefuefaom½Sif;vif;csufrSm t"dutm;jzifh ar;cGef;xkwfrIrsm;? Twdtusajym&vQif c&pfawmftaocHjcif;ESifh qufpyfaomar;cGef;xkwfrIrsm;ü *v 3;13/ a&mr 14;15/ 1ay 3;18wdkYuJhodkYaom usrf;ydk'frsm;wGif huper onf]]bufüc&pfawmftaocHonf}}[laom tqdkjyKcsuftm; twdtusr[kwfaom? a,bk,soabmjzifhazmfjyum? rnfol\bufüjzpfaMumif;tm; twd tusqHk;jzwfcsufrjyKbJ? tjcm;usrf;ydk'frsm;jzif qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef xm;xm;cJhonf/ ]]tpm;}}-instead of \ t"dyÜg,frSm ¤if;üyg0ifEkdifonfqdkaomfvnf; ,lqrIrQomjzpfonf}}(p.692)

5;7 þti,fonf vlom;\arwåmukdjyoum? i,f 8 url bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfukdjyonf



NASB, NKJV

TEV ]]ajzmifhrwfoltwGuf}}

NRSV ]]ajzmifhrwfaomolwpfa,muftwGuf}}

NJB ]]vlaumif;wpfaumiftwGuf}}

þa0g[m&tm; aem{ESihfa,mbwdkY uJhodkYajzmifhrwfonf(0g)tjypfwifp&mr½Sd[laom tvm;wl t"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ ¤if;onf tjypfuif;pifjcif;oabmtm; qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17 üMunfhyg/ 5;8]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\arwåmawmfukd...xif½Sm;pGmjyawmfrl\/} }¤if;rSmPRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE (3;5)jzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf om;awmfudkapvTwfonf/ (8;3? 32/ 2aum 5;19)/ bk&m;ocif\arwåm awmfrSm pdwfvIyf½Sm;rIr[kwfbJ? tjyKtrludk tajcjyKum? (a,m 3;16/ 1a,m 4;10) wnfwHhckdifNrJonf/

 ]]igwdkYonf tjypf½SdpOfyif}} bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmfonf bk&m;w&m;udkif;½Idif;olrsm;(0g)txl;vlrsKd; wpfrsKd;tm;r[kwfbJ awmfvSefykefuefolrsm;jzpfonfh ]]tjypfom;rsm;tm;}}xif½Sm;pGmjyawmfrlaMumif;od&onf rSm xdwfvefYbG,f&mjzpfonf/ *kPfj'yftqifhtwef;r[kwfbJ? aus;Zl;w&m;rSm tajccHor®mw&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rsm;ESifhrdwfo[m,jyKvsuf ½SdaevdkqJjzpfaeao;onf/ ¤if;rSm igwdkYtm; Nidrfoufjcif; ESifhajrmfvifhjcif;ay;aom rajymif;rvJonfhp½kdufawmfjzpfonf/ (xGuf 34;6/ ae 9;17/ qm 103;8/ 145;8)/

5;9 ]]xdkYxufru}} ¤if;rSm aygvkESpfoufaomtoHk;tEIef;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (10? 15? 17)/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolwdkYtm; tjypfom;rsm;jzpfcJhMupOf xdkrQcspfawmfrlcJhonfqdkvQif ,ckolwdkYonf rdrd\om;orD;rsm; jzpfvmMuojzifh ydkírnfrQcspfawmfrlvdrfhrnfenf;? (5;10/ 8;22)/

]],ckajzmifhrwfapjcif;&cJhMuNyD} }¤if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfNyD; ajzmifhrwfapjcif; onf NyD;pD;cJhNyDjzpfaom bk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfaMumif; txl;jyKonf/ aygvkonf tcef;i,f 1u or®mw&m;udkyif jyefíazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}(i,f 9)ESihf ]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfaponf}}(i,f 10-11) a0g[m&ESpfvHk;\qifwlrIudkvnf; odrSwfyg/

]]taoG;awmftm;jzifh}} ¤if;onf ,Zfaumiftjzpf c&pfawmftaocHawmfrljcif;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;wpfckjzpf onf/ (3;5/ 4;25/ rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21)/ tjypfjyKaomtoufwpfckae&mü tpm;xdk;&ef tjypfuif;aomtoufwpfcktm; ay;qyfjcif;taMumif; 0wfjyK&musrf; 1-7awGY&NyD;? xGufajrmuf&m 12 u(yócg odk;oli,f)yifjzpfEkdifum? "r®oabmtm;jzifh a[½Sm, 53;4-6u a,½Itm;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udkyif a[NAJMo0g'pm (9-10)ü c&pfawmfESifhqdkifaom t"dyÜg,ftjzpf xyfrHazmfjyonf/ a[NAJMo0g'pm onf "r®a[mif;ESifh"r®opfusrf;wdkYudk tcsuftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh xda&mufpGmEIdif;,SOfjyonf/  ]]igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;&Muvdrfhrnf}} ¤if;onf FUTURE PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? tem*wfü igwdkY tay:jzpfysufrnfhjzpf&yfrSefwpfcktm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 10)/ ¤if;onf igwdkY\tqHk;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]bkef;BuD;apjcif;}}[kac:onf/ (i,f 2/ 8;30/ 1a,m 3;2)

"r®opfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;udk umvjyBud,mtm;vHk;jzifh azmfjyonf/

1/ NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (AORIST)wref 15;11/ a&mr 8;24/ 2wd 1;9/ wdwk 3;5

2/ twdwfu vkyfaqmifcJhNyD;? ,ckvuf½Sdü tusKd;oufa&mufaeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (PERFE–CT ) {zuf 2;5?8

3/ qufvufí wdk;wufjzpfay:aeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (PRESENT) 1aum 1;18/ 15;2/ 2aum 2;15/ 1ouf 4;14/ 1ay 3;21/

4/ tem*wfü tqHk;owfrnfhvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktjzpf (FUTURE) a&mr 5;9?10/ 10;9/ txl;taMumif;t&m 10;4üMunfhyg/ u,fwifjcif;onf tpjyKqHk;jzwfrIjzifh tpjyKaomfvnf; (10;913/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16)wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif tqHk;owfvwHhaomwpf'*FNyD;wpf'*Fqufvufwdk; wufjzpf ay:aeonfh vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/ þoabmudk "r®qdkif&ma0g[m&oHk;vHk;jzi ½Sif;vif;a&;om;avh½Sdonf/ 1/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;onf ]]tjypf\'PfrS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ 2/ oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;onf ]]tjypf\wefcdk;rS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ 3/ bkef;BuD;apjcif;onf ]]tjypf½Sd&mt&yfrS u,fvGwfjcif;cH&onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefY½Sif;apjcif;ESpfrsKd;pvHk;onf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifh ,HkMunfoludk ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;*½kPmawmfvkyfaqmifrIjzpfaMumif; rSwfom;xdkufonf/ rnfokdYjzpfap oefY½Sif; pifMu,fapjcif;qdkonfrSm c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;ü qufvufwdk;wufjzpfay:aeaomt&mjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh "r®ynm½Sifrsm;onf þtaMumif;tm; ]]&yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefY½Sif;apjcif;}}[lívnf;aumif; ]]wdk;wufjzpfay: aeaom oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;}}[lívnf;aumif; ac:Muonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf½Sifjcif; ESihfqufpyfaom? vQKdY0SufzHk;uG,fxm;onfh tcrJhu,fwifjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4üMunfhyg/

 ]]bk&m;ocif\trsufawmfrS}} ¤if;rSm tem*wfü jzpfysufrnfht&mESi qufpyfaomt&mwpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\BuD;rm;aom? rxdkufwefaom? *kPf&nfrwefaom arwåmawmfjzpfaomfvnf;? bk&m; ocifonf tjypfESifhawmfvSefykefuefrItm; wpfpdkufrwfrwf qefYusifrIudkvnf; ½Sif;vif;pGmajymjyonf/ bk&m; ocifonf u,fwifjcif;ESihf tjypfvTwfjcif; vrf;wpfvrf;tm; c&pfawmfrSwqifh jyifqifay;xm; aomfvnf;? olYtm;jiif;qefolrsm;rSmrl trsufawmfatmufü½Sdonf/ (1;18-3;20) ¤if;rSm vlom;uJhodkYajymjcif; (txl; taMumif;t&m 1;18üMunfhyg/) jzpfaomfvnf; tppftrSefudk azmfjyonf/ a'goxGufaom bk&m;ocif\ vufawmfxJus&efrSm aMumufvefYbG,f&mjzpfonf/(a[NAJ 10;31)/

5;10]]vQif}} ¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[kcH,lxm;jcif;(0g) ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tqHk;pGefaom zefqif;&mvlom;rSm (urÇm 1;26-27)bk&m;ocif\ &efoljzpfvmonf/ vlonf xdef;csKyfvdkaomqE´? bk&m;jzpfvdkaomqE´½Sdvmonf/ (urÇm 3;5)/



]]bk&m;ocifESihfjyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;c HcJhMuonf...jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;}} ¤if;rSm

AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE ESifh AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLEESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf/ ]]jyefvnfoihfjrwf onf}}(1aum 7;11/ 2aum 5;18? 19? 20ESifh aum 1;20)qdkaomBud,monf rl&if;tm;jzi ]]tvJtvS,fjyK onf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf igwdkY\tjypfudk a,½I\ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh tvJtvS,fjyKay; vdkufonf/ (a[½Sm 53;4-6)/ Nidrf;csrf;a&; jyefvnf&½Sdaponf/ (i,f 1)!

 ]]om;awmftaocHjcif;tm;jzifh}} tjypfvTwfjcif;owif;aumif;onf atmufygwdkYudktajcjyKonf/

1/ bk&m;ocif\arwåmawmf (a,m 3;16)

2/ c&pfawmfvkyfonfhtvkyf (8;32/ *v 1;4/ 2;20)

3/ 0dnmOfawmf\ydk;yef;jcif; (a,m 6;44? 65)

4/ vlwpfOD;csif;\,HkMunfjcif;^aemifwtm;jzifhwHkYjyefjcif;/(rmuk 1;15/ a,m 1;12/ wref 20;21) bk&m;ocifESifhjyefvnfoifhjrwf&ef tjcm;vrf;r½Sdacs/ (10;1-2? 7-8/ a,m 14;6/ wref 4;12/ 1wd 2;5) u,fwifjcif;pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\p½dkufay:tajcjyK(xGuf 34;6/ ae 9;17/ qm 103;8/ 145;8)jcif;jzpfNyD;? vl\vkyfaqmifrIay:wGif r[kwfacs! qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef rSefaomt&mwpfckrSm u,fwifjcif;&jyD; vl\vkyfaqmifrIrSm tcrJhu,fwifcH&aMumif;\ taxmuftxm;wpfckjzpfonf/ (,mukyf ESihf 1a,m)



]]igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf}} "r®opfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;tm; twdwf? ypöKyÜefESifh tem*wfjzpfaMumif;ajymonf/ þae&mü tem*wfonf igwdkY\tqHk;pGefaomu,fwifjcif;jzpfonfh 'kwd, tBudrf<uvm csdefü NyD;pD;vdrfhrnfjzpfaom u,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ ti,f 9rSwfcsufESihf 10;13\ txl;taMumif;t&mwdkYudkMunfhyg/

 ]]toufawmftm;jzifh}} touftwGuf *&da0g[m&rSm zoa jzpfonf/ a,m[ef\usrf;rsm;ü þa0g[m& onf jyef½Sifxajrmufaomtoufwm? xm0&touf(0g)EdkifiHawmfxJtoufudk &nfnTef;avh½Sdonf/ aygvk onfvnf; þoabmjzifhoHk;onf/ þtaMumif;\t"dutcsufrSm ,HkMunfoltm; tjypfvTwfEdkif&ef bk&m; ocifonf þrQBuD;jrifhaomwefbdk;ay;qyfcJhNyD;jzpfojzifh ¤if;tm; xda&mufap&ef aocsmqufvufoGm;ay rnf/

]]touf}}onf atmufygwdkYteuf wpfckcktm;&nfnTef;Ekdifonf/

1/ a,½I\jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif; (8;34/ 1aum 15)

2/ a,½I\udk,fpm;jyK qkawmif;ay;jcif; (8;34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 1a,m 2;1)

3/ igwdkYtxJc&pfawmfukd yHkazmfaeol0dnmOfawmf (a&mr 8;29/ *v 4;19)

a,½I\csD;ajr§mufcHaomtouf(aumif;uifbHkodkYjyefwufjcif;-wref 2)enf;wl ajrBuD;ay:toufwm ESifhtaocHjcif;wdkYrSmvnf; igwdkY\jyefvnfoifhjrwfaprItwGuf tajccHjzpfaMumif; aygvktcdkiftrmajymonf/



]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufMu\}} 5;2\rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ ¤if;onf þusrf;ydk'fü ]]tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf}} (0g<um;onf) pum;vHk;tm; oHk;BudrfajrmuftoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/

1/ bkef;awmfudk arQmfvifhítvGef0rf;ajrmufonf/ i,f-2

2/ 'ku©qif;&JcH&mü tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf -i,f 3

3/ jyefvnfoifhjrwf&mü tvGef0rf;ajrmufonf -i,f 11 tysufoabm0g<um;jcif;udk 2;17ESifh23wdkYüawGY&onf/



]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;tm; ,ck&½SdMuonf} }¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfNyD;? NyD;jynfhpHkcJhNyD;aom vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\jyefvnfoihfjrwfjcif; (tvJtvS,fjyKjcif;)udk ti,f 10ESifh2aum 5;18-21/ {zuf 2;16-22/ aum 1;19-23wdkYüvnf; aqG;aEG;onf/ þodkYjzifh ]]jyefvnf oihfjrwfjcif;}}onf "r®oabmt&]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}ESifh t"dyÜg,fwlpum;jzpfonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 5;12-14

12xdkUaMumifh tjypfonf wpfa,mufaomoltm;jzifh avmuodkY0ifa&mufvmum? tjypfrSwqifh aojcif;w&m;0ifa&mufvmonf/ xdkodkYjzifh tm;vHk; aomolwdkYonf tjypfjyKMuojzifh aojcif;w&m; onf vlom;rsm;tm;vHk;okdY jyefYESHYoGm;onf/ 13taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;rwdkifrD avmuü tjypf½Sd cJhaomfvnf; ynwfw&m;r½SdpOf tjypfudk rrSwf,lacs/ 14odkYaomfvnf; tm'HjypfrSm;onfhtwdkif; rjypfrSm;olrsm;ukdyifvQif aojcif;w&m;onf tm'H rS arma½Swdkifatmiftkyfpdk;\/ xdktm'Honf <uvm vwHhaomol\yHkOyrmjzpfownf;/

5;12 ]]xdkYaMumifh}} a&mrMo0g'pmü ]]xdkYaMumifh}}qdkonfhoHk;EIef;yHktrsm;tjym;½Sdonf(5;1/ 8;1/ 12;1) teuf jyef&mü ¤if;wdkYonf rnfonfht&mESifhqufpyfaMumif; ta&;BuD;onf/ ¤if;wdkYonf aygvkajymonfht&m tm;vHk;udk nTef;jcif;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ aocsmonfrSm urÇmOD;usrf;ESifhqufpyfaeum? a&mr 1;18-32tm; jyefvnfnTef; qdkjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/



]]tjypfonf wpfa,mufaomoltm; jzifh avmuodkY0ifa&mufvmum}} ti,f 12½SdBud,mrsm;tm;vHk; AORIST ac:NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjyonfh Bud,mrsm;jzpfonf/ tm'H\usqif;rIonf aojcif; w&m;,laqmifvmonf/ (1aum 15;22)/ or®musrf;pmonf tjypftaMumif; #DumcsJYí ra&;om;acs/ tjypf onf aumif;uifwrefrsm; e,fy,füvnf;jzpfay:onf/ (urÇm 3ESifh Asm 12;7-9)/ rnfodkYrnfyHkESifh rnfonfh tcsdefüjzpfaMumif;wdkYrSmrl aocsmjcif;r½Sdacs/ (a[½Sm 14;12-27/ a,Z 28;12-19/ a,mb 4;18/ róJ 25;41/ vkum 10;18/ a,m 12;31/ Asm 12;7-9)/ tm'H\tjypfü rsufESmpmESpfrsKd;yg0ifonf/ (1) twdtusay;xm;aom trdefYwpf&yftm; remcHjcif; (urÇm 2;16-17) ESifh (2) twåA[dkjyKaomrme (urÇm 3;5-6)/ ¤if;onf a&mr 1;18-32 upNyD; urÇmOD; 3 tm; qufvuf&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tjypfqdkif&mü aygvktm; *sL;usrf;pmq&mBuD;rsm;ESifh xif½Sm;pGm cGJxGufoGm;aponf/ *sL;usrf;pmq&mBuD;rsm;onf urÇmOD; 3ukd tajcrjyKbJ? ¤if;tpm; vlwdkif;ü ]]&nf½G,fcsufESpf&yf}} (yetzer)½Sd onf[kqdkMuonf/ olwdkY\xifay:ausmfMum;aomtqdkrSm ]]vlom;wdkif;\ESvHk;om;xJü acG;rJwpfaumifESifh

acG;jzLwpfaumifpD½Sdonf/ rdrdauR;arG;jyKpkaomtaumifrSm

tBuD;qHk;jzpfvmonf}}[líjzpf\/ aygvkurl tjypfonf oefY½Sif;awmfrlol bk&m;½SifESifh rdrdzefqif;jcif;tMum; t"dutwm;tqD;jzpfonf[kjzpfonf/ aygvkonf systemetic theologian ac:"r®ynmtm; enf;pHepfjzifh ½IjrifoltrsKd;tpm;r[kwfacs/ (James Steward \ A Man in Christ) olonf tjypf\rlv&if;jrpf tcsKdUazmfjyonf/ (1) tm'H\usqif;rI (2) pmwef\aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;rIESifh (3) vlom;\tqufrjywfawmfvSefykefuefrI ({zuf 2;2-3)ponfwdkYjzpf onf/ "r®oabmw&m;ü

tm'HESifhc&pfawmftMum; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIESifhwlnDrIjzpfEdkifonfh oabmoufa&mufrI ESpf&yf½Sdonf/

1/ tm'Honf yuwdppfrSefaomordkif;0if yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ 2/ a,½IrSm yuwdppfrSefaomvlom;wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;ESpf&yfonf rSm;,Gif;aomoGefoifrIrsm; rsufarSmufü or®musrf;pmudk twnfjzpfap onf/ ]]vlwpfa,muf}} (one man)odkYr[kwf ]]wpfa,mufaomol}}(the one)[líxyfcgwpfvJvJ oHk;EIef;yHkudk odrSwfyg/ tm'HESifha,½IwdkYtm; &nfnTef;onfh þenf;vrf;ESpfckudk þusrf;ydk'fü wpfBudrfoHk;onf/



]]vlwpfa,muf}} trsKd;tpm;jyaom þpum;pk (henos anthropou)udk tm'H (i,f 12? 16? 17? 18? 19) odkYr[kwf a,½I (i,f 15-ESpfcg? 17-ESpfcg? 18? 19)tm; udk,fpm;jyKoHk;EIef;onf/ olwdkYonf vlwpfpk (0g) vlYtzGJYtpnf;wpf&yf (]]rsm;pGm}} i,f 15-ESpfcg? 19-ESpfcg? ]]tm;vHk;}} i,f 12? 13? 18-ESpfcg)pDudk udk,fpm;jyKMuonf/



]]tjypfrSwpfqifh aojcif;w&m;}} ADZtjypf-original sin (rl&if;tjypf)qdkaoma0g[m&udk Augustine (A.D 354-430)u yxrqHk; topfwDxGifonf/ ¤if;onf tm'H^{0wdkY jyKcJhonfhurÇmOD; 3u a½G;cs,frI\ tusKd;qufrsm;ukd ½Sif;vif;azmfjyonf/ olwdkY\ykefuefrIonf zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk;xdcdkufonf/ vlom; wdkYudk atmufygwdkYu xdcdkufonf/

1/ usqif;aom avmued,rwpf&yf

2/ aoG;aqmifol yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf

3/ usqif;aom obm0wpf&yf

ADZtjypfonf (12-14? 16?17)wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypfESifh wGJzufygvmum (12? 16)vlom;tm;vHk; tjypf½Sdaponf/ tjypfonf ]]aojcif;w&m;}}tm; jzpfay:aponf/ (1;32/ 6;13? 16? 21? 23/ 7;5? 9? 10? 11? 13? 24/ 8;13)

Jerome jyKpkonfh Biblical Commentary ac:teufzGifhusrf; (pm 308)ü azmfjyonfrSm *sL;usrf;pm q&mBuD;rsm;onf urÇmYordkif;ü umvBuD;oHk;yg;½Sdonf[lí tpOftvmtm;jzifh rSwf,lxm;Muonf[kqdk onf/

1/ tm'HrS arma½S

2/ arma½SrS ar½Sd, 3/ ar½SdrS tem*wf (eschaton) aygvkpdwfxJü þtydkif;vdkuf cGJJjcm;rIrsm;½SdcJhonfqdkvQif atmufygtwdkif;jzpfayrnf/

1/ tm'HrS arma½S (rlvtjypf? ynwfw&m;r[kwfbJ? aojcif;w&m;jzpfonf)

2/ arma½SrS ar½Sd, (wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypf? ynwfw&m;tm; usL;vGefjcif;)

3/ ar½Sd, (aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh ynwfw&m;^ynwfcsufrS vGwfajrmufjcif;)

]]aojcif;w&m;onf vlom;rsm;tm;vHk;odkY ysHUESHYoGm;onf}}

þusrf;ydk'f\t"duOD;wnfcsufrSm tjypf\ aemufqufwGJjzpfaomaojcif;w&m;onf pMuFm0#mwpfckvHk; xdcdkufonf[líjzpf\/ (i,f 16-19/ 1aum 15;22/ *v 1;10)

1/ 0dnmOfaojcif; - urÇm 2;17/ 3;1-24/ a[½Sm 59;2/ a&mr 7;10-11/ {zuf 2;1/ aum 2;13/ ,mukyf 1;15/

2/ cE¨mudk,faojcif; - urÇm 3;4-5/ 5;1-32

3/ xm0&aojcif; - Asm 2;11/ 20;6? 14/ 21;8

]]tm;vHk;aomolwdkYonf tjypfjyKMuojzifh}} vlom;tm;vHk;onf tm'HtxJü wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; tjypf jyKonf/ (Oyrm-tjypf½Sdaomtaetxm;ESifh tjypfbuf,drf;,dkifjcif;tm; ADZtjzpftarGqufcHonf)xdkYaMumifh vlom;wdkif;onf tjypfjyK&ef rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif a½G;cs,fMuNyD;? xyfcgwvJvJ xdkodkYjyKMuonf/ vlom;wdkif; onf wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;ESifh wpfOD;csif;tvdkuf tjypf½Sdolrsm;jzpfaMumif; or®musrf;pmu tav;teuf azmfjyonf/(3"r® 8;46/ 2&mZ0if 6;36/ qm 14;1-2/ 130;3/ 143;2/ okwåH 20;9/ a' 7;20/ a[½Sm 9;17/ 53;6/ a&m 3;9-18? 23/ 5;18/ 11;32/ *v 3;22/ 1a,m 1;8-10)/ þusrf;ydk'frsm; wpfckvHk;u txl;azmfjyonfrSm (i,f 15-19)tjyKtrlwpfckonf (tm'H)aojcif;jzpf ay:apum? tjcm;tjyKtrlwpfckonf (a,½I)touf½Sifjcif;jzpfay:apaMumif;udk wpfzufüawGY&onf/ rnfodkY jzpfap bk&m;ocifonf rdrdESifhvlom;\qufpyfrItm; vlom;\]]aysmufqHk;jcif;}}ESifh]]ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}}rsufESm pmay: wnfaqmufonf/ vlom;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\tem*wfuHMur®mtm; zefwD;&mü rdrdwdkY\pdwfqE´ tm;jzifh yg0ifaeMuonf! olwdkYonf tjypf(0g)c&pfawmftm; qufvufa½G;cs,fMuonf/ olwdkYonf þa½G;cs,frI ESpf&yftm; tusKd;oufa&mufapEkdifjcif;r½SdMuaomfvnf;? rdrdwdkYonf ¤if;ESpfrsKd;teuf rnfonfht&mESifhqdkif aMumif; rdrdwdkYpdwfqE´t& qufvufjyoaeMuonf! ]]taMumif;rlum;}}-because [líbmomjyefaompum;vHk;rSm trsm;oHk;(0g)oHk;aeusjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;\t"dyÜg,fudk tjiif;yGg;Muavh½Sdonf/ aygvkonf eph'ho tm; 2aum 5;4/ zd 3;12 ESifh 4;10ü ]]tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf^taMumif;rlum;}}[laom t"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;onf/ xdkYaMumifh vlom;wdkif;onf tjypfxJyg0if ygwfouf&efESifh bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifykefuef&ef rddrdwdkYudk,fwdkif a½G;cs,fMuonf/ tcsKdUonf txl;zGifhjy jcif;(or®musrf;pm^a,½I)tm;jiif;y,fMujcif;jzpfNyD;? tm;vHk;aomolwdkYurl obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyjcif; tm;jzifh jiif;qefMuukef\/ (1;18-3;20)



5;13-14 þor®mw&m;udkyif a&mr 3;20/ 4;15ESifhwref 17;30 wdkYüvnf; oGefoifonf/ vlom;wdkYü wm0ef½SdonfrSm rdrdwdkY&Edkifonfht&m? aqmif½GufjyKvkyfEkdifonfht&may:üomvQifjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fonf obm0w&m;tm;jzifh zGifhjyrItm;qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ (qmvH 19;1-6/ a&mr 1;18-23/ 2;11-16)txl;zGifhjy rI("r®a[mif;usrf;? a,½I? "r®opfusrf;)udkom qdkvdkonf/

ti,f 12onf ¤if;\ed*Hk;csKyfjzpfonfh ti,f 18-21ESifh ½Snfvsm;aomMum;jzwftaMumif;t&m i,f 13-17wdkYESifhrwl? oD;jcm;jzpfaMumif; NKJV uodxm;onfudk rSwfom;yg/

5;14

NASB, NKJ

NJB ]]aojcif;w&m;onf tkyfpdk;\}}

NRSV

]]aojcif;w&m;onf pdk;rdk;jcif;jyK\}}

TEV ]]aojcif;w&m;tkyfcsKyfonf}}

aojcif;onf bk&ifBuD;wpfyg;tvm; tkyfpdk;onf/ (i,f 17ESifh21)/ aojcif;ESifhtjypfwdkYtm; rif;qdk; rif;npfuJhodkY vlyk*¾dKvftjzpf wifpm;oHk;EIef;yHktm; þtcef;BuD;ESifh tcef;BuD; 6wdkYwavQmufvHk;ü awGY&onf/ wurÇmvHk;ü aojcif;w&m;tm; awGYMuHK&jcif;onf wurÇmvHk;½Sdvlom;tm;vHk;ü tjypf½SdaMumif;tm; twnf jzpfaponf/ ti,f 17ESifh21wdkYü aus;Zl;awmfukd vlyk* ¾dKvftjzpf wifpm;azmfjy onf/ aus;Zl;awmfrSm pdk;pHaeonf! vlom;rsm;ü aojcif;w&m; odkYr[kwf aus;Zl;awmftm; a½G;cs,f&ef½Sdonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü aojcif;w&m; odkYr[kwf touf½Sifjcif;qdkonfh vrf;ESpfvrf;azmfjyonf/ w&m;a[m 11;26/ 30;1? 19)/ oifhb0tm; rnfonfht&mu tkyfpdk;aeoenf;?



]]tm'HjypfrSm;onftwdkif; rj ypfrSm;aomolrsm;udkyifvQif}} tm'Honf bk&m;ocifay;onfh trdefYawmf tm;csKd;azmufonf/ (urÇm 2;15-17)/ {0rSmrl xdkodkYr[kwfacs/ xdkopfyiftaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS olrwdkuf½kdufMum;cJh&jcif ;r[kwfbJ? tm'HrSwqifhom Mum;cJh&on f/ tm'HrS arma½S\acwfumvtxd vlom;rsm;ukd tm'H\awmfvSefykefuefrIonf tusKd;oufa&mufxdcdkuf\/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS trdefYawmfwpfpHkwpf&m&½SdcJhNyD; ¤if;tm; usL;vGe fcJhMujcif;r[kwfacs/ odkYaomfvnf; þ"r®oabm \tpdwftykdif;wpfckyifjzpfaom 1;18-32ü olwdkYon zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkY&½Sdxm;aom tvif;w&m;tm; usL;vGefazgufzsufMuojzifh awmfvSefykefuefjcif; (0g)tjypftwGuf bk&m;ocifay: wm0ef ½SdMuonfqdkonfh or®w&m;udkazmfonf/ tm'Hü½Sdaom tjypfjyK&ef ,drf;,dkifrIonf olYtquftEG,fwpfck vHk;odkYjyefYESHYonf/



NASB, NKJV

NRSV ]]<uvmvwHhaomol\ yHkOyrmjzpfownf;}}

TEV ]]tm'Honf <uvmvwHhaomolwpfa,m uf\ o@mefwpfckjzpfonf}}

NJB ]]tm'Honf <uvmvwHhaomolwpfa,muftm; BudKwifay:vGifaponf}} þazmfjyrIonf tm'H-c&pfawmfyHkyrmjzpfjcif;tm; tvGefckdifcJhaponf/ (1aum 15;21-22? 45-49/ zd 2;6-8)/ olwdkYESpfOD;pvHk;udk jzpfpOfwpf&yf\yxr? rsKd;½dk;wpfck\rlvtptjzpf awGYjrif&onf/ (1aum 15;45 -49)/ tm'HrSm "r®opfusrf;wGif]]yHko@mef}}wpfcktjzpf azmfjyonfhwpfOD;wnf;aom "r®a[mif;usrf;rS yk*¾dKvf jzpfonf/ (tpöa&;taMumif; 1aum 10;6üMunfhyg)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /yHko@mef(form-Tupos) tm; 6;17 üMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 5;15-17

15odkYaomf tcrJhvufaqmifonf usL;vGefjcif;uJhodkYr[k wf/ taMumif;rlum; wpfa,mufaom ol\usL;vGefjcif;tm;jzifh trsm;aomolwdkYo nf aoqHk;cJhMuonfqdkvQif wp fa,mufaomoljzpfaom a,½Ic&pfawmf\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh? bk&m;ocif \aus;Zl;awmfESifh vufaqmifawmfonf trsm;aom olwdkYwGif ydkí<u,f0onf/ 16vufaqmifawmfonf tjypfjyKolwpfa,muftm;jzifh a&muf½Sdvmaom t&muJhodkYr[kwfacs/ taMumif;rlum; wpfckaomusL; vGefrIonf jypf'PfuscHaponfh w&m;pD&ifrI jzpfyGg;apaomfvnf;? tjcm;wbufürl usL;vGefj cif;rsm;pGmrS jzpfay:aomtcrJhvufaqmifonf

ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½Sdaponf/ 17taMumif;rlum; wpfa,mufaomol\usL; vGefjcif;tm;jzifh aojcif; w&m;onf xdkwpfa,mufolrSwqifh tkyf pdk;onfqdkygu? <u,f0aomaus;Zl;awmfESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; vufaqmif vufcH&½Sdolrsm;onf wpfa,mufaomol a ,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh touf½Sifum? ydkípdk;pH Muvdrfhrnf/

5;15-19 ¤if;onf tvm;wlpum;pkrsm;jzifh usKd;aMumif;jyum? qufvufaqG;aEG;rIwpf&yfjzpfonf/ NASB, NRSV ESifh TEVwdkYonf usrf;ydk'fudk ti,f 18ü pmydk'fcGJonf/ odkYaomf UBS4, NKJVESifhJB wdkYonf pmydk'f wpfydk'ftjzpf bmomjyefonf/ rl&if;pma&;ol\&nf½G,fcsuftm; teufjyef&efaomhcsufrSm pmydk'fwpfydk'fpDü t"duor®mw&m;wpfckpDjzpfaMumif;tm; owd&yg/ ti,f 15ESifh19wdkY½Sd ]]trsm;aomolwdkY}}[laompum;onf ti,f 12ESifh18wdkUü½Sdonfh]]tm;vHk;}}ESifh t"dyÜg,fwljzpfaMumif; rSwfom;yg/ a[½Sm, 53;11-12ESifh ti,f 6wdkYüvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ þa0g [m&ESpfcktm; "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m uGJjym;jcm;em;rI (uJvfAif\a½G;aumufjcif;jzpfonf[laomtqdkESifh a½G;aumufjcif;r[kwf[laom tqdkESpf&yf)tjzpf,l&efr[kwfacs/ 5;15]]tcrJhvufaqmifawmf}} þusrf;ydk'f½Sd ]]vufaqmif}}pum;vHk;ü *&dpum;vHk;ESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh charisma i,f 15? 16(6;23)ESifh dorea ^dorama i,f 15? 16? 17(3;24\rSwfcsufüvnf;Munfhyg)wdkYoHk;aomfvnf; t"dyÜg,fwljzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm u,fwifjcif;owif;aumif;ppfppfjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;udkay; onfh a,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh(3;24/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8?9)bk&m;ocifay;aom tcrJhvufaqmifawmfjzpfonf/

]]vQif}} ¤if;onf yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufygaom0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\½IYawmifhrS rSefonf[krSwf,laom t&m odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ tm'H\tjypfon vlom;wdkif;xH aojcif;w&m;,laqmifvmonf/ ¤if;onf ti,f 17ESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/

]]<u,f0}} txl;taMumif;t&m 15;13üMunfhyg/

5;16 ]]jypf'PfuscHapjcif;...ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}} þa0g[m&ESpfckpvHk; w&m;½kH;awmfESifhqdkifaom Oya'a0g [m&rsm;jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf ya&mzufwpfyg;\w&m;a'oemtm; w&m;cGifoabmjzifh wifjyavh ½Sdonf/ aygvkonf þoabmudkyifoHk;onf/ (a&mr 8;1? 31-34)/ 5;17]]vQif}} ¤if;onf pma&;ol\½Iaxmifhü trSef[krSwf,lxm;aomt&m odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonfh tjcm;aomyxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ tm'H\usL;vGefrIonf vlom;tm;vHk; aoqHk;oGm;ap onf/ ]]vufcH&½Sdolrsm;onf...ydkí}} ti,f 18-19rSm "r®moabmt& [efcsufrnDacs/ þpum;pkudk a&mr 18 xJ yg½SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrS oD;jcm;cGJxkwfír&onfh tjyifvlom;tm;vHk; u,fwifjcif;&½Sdvdrfhrnfqdkaom Mo0g'twGuf taxmuftxm;tjzpfvnf; oHk;í&onfr[kwfacs/ vlom;onf c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif ay;prf;onfht&mudk vufcHjcif;jyK&ygrnf/ (i,f 17)/ u,fwifjcif;onf vlwdkif;&Ekdifaomt&mjzpfaomf vnf;? wpfOD;csif;taejzifh vufcHrIjyK&efjzpfonf/ (a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/ tm'HjyKonfhwpfckaom awmfvSefykefuefrIonf vlom;tm;vHk; t<uif;rJawmfvSefykefuefrIjzpfyGg;ap onf/ wpfckwnf;aom tjypf½SdonfhtjyKtrlonf tus,fcsJUjcif;cH&onf/ odkYaomf wpfckaomajzmifhrwfonfh

,Zfaumiftjzpf ylaZmfaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckonf wpfOD;csif;\tjypfrSmenf;wl wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;aom tjypf\tusKd;oufa&mufrI c&pfawmftxJ zHk;tkyfjcif;&½SdoGm;aponf/ c&pfawmf\ ]]ydkíomvGefaom}}vkyf aqmifrIudk tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 9? 10 ?15? 17)/ aus;Zl;awmfrSm ydkí<u,f0onf/

5;17]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmif&½Sdolrsm;onf touf½Sifvsuf...pdk;pHMuvdrfhr nfh...toufESifh,SOfaom ajzmifhrwfapjcif;}} a,½Ionf usqif;aomvlom;tm;vHk;\0dnmOfa&;&m vdktyfrIrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifESihfaxmufyHhrIjzpfonf/ (1aum 1;30)/ tvm;wljzpfaom þusrf;NydKifrsm;\ jzpfEkdifaomt"dyÜg,f rsm;rSm

1/ tjypf½Sdaomvlom;tm; bk&m;ocifESifhqkdifaom rSefuefonfh&yfwnfcsufudk c&pfawmf\NyD;pD;cJh aomtvkyfrSwqifh ay;tyfNyD;? ¤if;onf ]]bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom toufwm}}udk jzpfay:aponf/

2/ þpum;pkrSm ]]xm0&touf}}ESifh t"dyÜg,fwljzpfonf/ usrf;pum;qufpyfrIoabmonf eHygwf wpfudkaxmufcHonf/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;taMumif; pum;vHk;avhvmrItm; txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17 üMunfhyg/

]]pdk;pH}}[laomBud,mudk þusrf;ydk'fü t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzihfoHk;onf/

1/ ]]aojcif;w&m;onf tm'HrSarma½Swdkifatmif pdk;pHonf/}}i,f 14/(AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE )

2/ ]]aojcif;w&m;onf wpfa,mufaomoltm;jzifhpdk;pHonf}}i,f 17 (AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE)

3/ ]]<u,f0aomaus;Zl;awmfESihf ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmif&½Sdolrsm;onf touf½Sifvsufydkípdk;pHMu vdrfhrnf}}i,f 17 (FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE)

4/ ]]tjypfw&m;onf aojcif;w&m;tm;jzifh pdk;pH\/}}i,f 21 (AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE)

5/ ]]aus;Zl;w&m;onf pdk;pHvdrfhrnf}}i,f 21 (AORIST ACTIVE SUBJECTIVE)

6/ ]]tjypfw&m;udk tpdk;r&apMuESifh}} 6;21 (AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE) aygvkonf tjypfw&m;ESifh aojcif;w&m;wdkYtm; aus;Zl;awmfESihftNydKif azmfjy&mü ouf½Sdtvm;wif pm;rIrSm "r®or®mw&m;tm; azmfjy&mü tm;ygvSaomazmfjyrI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif; c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;[lonf ]]bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf}}[laom ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh "r®oabm\ tpdwftydkif;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;\ppfrSefaombk&ifjzpfonf (1"r® 8;7)qdkonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;t,ltq\tqufjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ,k'qdkonfhrsKd;EG,fwpfckESifh (urÇm 49;10) a,½SJ\rdom;pk (2"r® 7)trSwftom;jzifh tkyfcsKyfonf (1"r® 8;7/ 10;17-19)/ a,½IrSm ar½Sd,ESifhqkdifaom "r®a[mif;usrf;\uwdawmf jynfhpHk&mjzpfonf/ olonf AufvifNrdKUü vlYZmwdcH,l(vltjzpf0ifpm;)jcif;ESifhtwl bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmftm; pwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmfonf a,½Ia[mMum;onfh w&m;pum;\yifrwdkifBuD;jzpfvmcJhonf/ EkdifiHawmfonf olYtxJü tjynfht0a&muf½Sd vmcJhonf/ (róJ 10;7/ 11;12/ 12;28/ rmuk 1;15/ vkum 10;9? 11/ 11;20/ 16;16/ 17;20-21)/ odkYaomf EkdifiHawmf[lonf tem*wfvnf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk pwifzGifhvSpfcJhaomfvnf; tqHk;rowfcJh acs/ (róJ 6;10/ 8;11/ 16;28/ 22;1-14/ 26;29/ vkum 9;27/ 11;2/ 13;29/ 14;10-24/ 22;16? 18)/ a,½Ionf tpyxrü 'ku©qif;&JcHpm;aom tapcHwpfa,muftjzpf (a[½Sm 52;13-53/ 12)ESdrfhcspGm <uvmcJhonfrSef aomfvnf; (Zm 9;9) olonf bk&ifwumwdkY\bk&ifBuD;tjzpf jyefvnf<uvmOD;rnfjzpf

onf/ (róJ 2;2/ 21;5/ 27;11-14)/

]]pdk;pHjcif;}}[laomoabmonf

þ]]EkdifiHawmf}}ac: "r®oabm\tpdwf tydkif;wpfckjzpf aMumif; aocsmonf/ bk&m;ocifonf þEkdifiHawmftm; a,½I\aemufvdkufrsm;udk ay;tyf cJhNyD;jzpfonf/(vkum 12;32üMunfhyg/) a,½IESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;qdk&mü tjrifESifhar;cGef;trsKd;rsKd;½Sdonf/

1/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; ]]EkdifiHawmf}}udk c&pfawmfrSwpfqifh ay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf[kqdk&mü ]]pdk;pHjcif;}}udk &nfnTef;ygovm;? (róJ 5;3? 10/ vkum 12;32)

2/ *sL;vlrsKd;ESifhqdkifaom yxr&mpktwGif; rlvwynfhawmfrsm;udkajymon a,½I\pum;rsm;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;vHk;udkyg &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfygoavm? (róJ 19;28/ vkum 22;28-30)

3/ ,ckb0ü pdk;pHjcif;tm; tav;teufjyKonfh aygvk\azmfjyrIonf txufygusrf;ydk'fESifh qefYusif aeygovm; (0g)yHhydk;ygovm;? (a&mr 5;17/ 1aum 4;8)

4/ 'ku©qif;&JcHjcif;ESifh pdk;pHjcif;wdkY rnfuJhodkYqufpyfoenf;? (a&mr 8;17/ 2wd 2;11-12/ 1ay 4;13/ Asm 1;9)

5/ Asm'dwfusrf;ü jyefay:vmonfh OD;wnfcsufrSm c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; xdkpdk;pHrIrSm (u) ajrBuD;ay:wGifjzpfonf 5;10 (c) tESpfwpfaxmifqdkif&mjzpfonf 20;5? 6 (*) xm0&jzpfonf 2;26/ 3;21/ 22;5ESifh 'H 7;14? 18? 27/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 5;18-21 18xdkYaMumifh wckaomusL;vGefjcif;rSwqifh vltaygif ;wdkYonf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cH&onfenf; wl? wpfckaomajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfaqmifrIonf vl taygif;wdkYtm; touf½Sifjcif;ESifh,SOfaom ajzmifh rwfapjcif;&½Sdaponf/ 19taMumif;rlum;? wpfa,mufaomol\em;raxmifrIonf vltrsm;wdkYudk tjypfom;rsm;jzpfaponfenf;wl? wpfa,mufaomol\ em;axmifjcif;onf vltrsm;wdkYudk ajzmifhrwf olrsm;jzpfapvdrfhrnf/ 20usL;vGefrI BuD;xGm;vmap&ef ynwfw&m;awmf0ifvmaomfvnf;? tjypf BuD;xGm;onfwGif aus;Zl;awmfrSm ydkí<u,f0\/ 21taMumif;rSm tjypfw&m;onf aojcif;tm;jzifh tpdk;&onfenf;wl aus;Zl;awmfonf igwdkYo cifa,½Ic&pfawmfrSwqifh xm0&touf&½Sdapaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;rSwqifh tpdk;&vdrfhownf;/

5;18

NASB ]]...onfenf;wl? wpfckaomajzmifhrwfjcif;vkyfa qmifrIonf vltaygif;wdkYtm; touf½Sifjcif; ESifh,SOfaom ajzmifhrwfjcif;&½Sdaponf/}}

NKJV ]]...onfenf;wl wpfa,mufaomvl\ajzmifhrwfa omvkyfaqmifrItm;jzifh tcrJhvufaqmifonf vlom;tm;vHk;odkYa&muf½Sdonf/}}

NRSV ]]odkYjzifh wpfa,mufaomvl\ajzmifhrwfaomvkyfa qmifrIonf vlwdkif;tm; ajzmifhrwfapjcif; ESifhtouf½Sifjcif;odkY OD;aqmifvrf;jyonf}}

TEV ]]xdkenf;twkdif; wpfckaomajzmifhrwfjcif; onf vlom;tm;vHk;vGwfajrmufapum? olwdkYudk toufay;onf}}

NJB ]]odkYjzifh wpfa,mufaomol\aumif;aomvkyfa qmifrIonf vlwdkif;tm; touf½Sifapum? olwdkYudk ajzmifhrwfaponf}}

vlwdkif;u,fwifjcif;&rnf (universalism)[kqdkvdkjcif;um; r[kwfacs/ þtcef;i,fwpfckwnf;udk omuGufí,lum? a&mrMo0g'pmwpfusrf;vHk;tm; þusrf;ydk'f\taMumif;t&mESifh wpfjcm;pDcGJvsuf teuf jyef&ef um;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;onf a,½I\touf^taocHjcif;ESifh jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif; tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif; &EdkifaMumif;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ ay;prf;aom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk vlom;onf aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyK&ygrnf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19? 20;21)/ bk&m;ocifonf tpjyKavh½SdonfrSefaomfvnf; (a,m 6;44? 65)vlwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf wkHUjyefrIjyKMu&efjzpfonf/ (róJ 11;28-29/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16 ESifha&mr 10;9-13)/ olonf wpfurÇmvHk;udk ay;urf;onfrSef aomfvnf; (1wd 2;4? 6/ 2ay 3;9/ 1a,m 2;2)zHk;uG,faeaomtjypfrSm vlajrmufrsm;pGmwdkY wHkYjyefrIrjyKMu jcif;jzpfonf/

]]ajzmifhrwfaomvkyfaqmifjcif;}}[kqdk&mü atmufygwdkYteufwpfckckjzpfonf/

1/ a,½I\toufwmwpf&yfvHk;ESifh crnf;awmfbk&m;\tjynfhtpHk zGifhjyaomoGefoifrI 2/ tjypf½Sdaomvlom;udk,fpm; ol\taocHjcif;/ vlwpfa,muf\toufwmonf (*sL;vlrsKd;tm;vHk; tm;xdcdkuf-a,½I 7)tm;aomolwdkYtm; xdcdkuf onfenf;wl? tjypfuif;pif olwpfa,muf\toufwmonf tm;vHk;aomolwdkYtm; tusKd;oufa&mufonf/ (0wfjyK 1-7? 16)þvkyfaqmifrIESpf&yfwdkYrSm tvm;wljcif;omjzpfNyD;? nDwljzpfae jcif;r[kwfacs/ tm'H\ toufwmonf vlom;tm;vHk; xdckdufaomfvnf; a,½I\toufwmurl tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom ajzmifhrwfapjcif;tm; vufcHolrsm;udkomvQif vufawGYtusKd;jyKonf/ a,½I\tjyKtrlonfvnf; olYtm; ,HkMunfum? vufcHoljzpfonfh twdwf? ypöKyÜefESifhtem*wfvlom;tm;vHk;\tjypftm; tusKd;oufa&muf onf!

5;18-19]]vltaygif;wdkYonf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif ;cH...vltaygif;wdkYonf touf½Sifjcif;ESifh,SOfaom ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&...trsm;aomolwdkYudk ajzmifhrwfolrsm;jzpfapvdrfhrnf}}/ ¤if;wdkYrSm ]]trsm;aomolwdkY}} [lonfha0g[m&onf uefYowfrIr[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;udkjcHKí ajymjcif;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyonfhtvm;wl pum;pk rsm;jzpfonf/ tvm;wlusrf;ydk'fudk a[½Sm 53;6 ]]tm;vHk;}}ESifh a[½Sm 53;11? 12 ]]trsm;aomol}}wdkYü awGY&onf/ ]]trsm;aomolwdkY}}[lonfha0g[m&tm; u,fwifjcif;udk vlom;tm;vHk;odkY bk&m;ocifay;urf; jcif;tm; uefYowfonfht"dyÜg,fjzifh toHk;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ (uJvfAJ'f\a½G;cs,fjcif;ESifh a½G;cs,fjcif;[lír½Sd [laom pifNydKifoGefoifrI)

tqdkygBud,mwdkYrSm tjyKcH (PASSIVE)Bud,mrsm;jzpfaMumif; odrSwfyg/ ¤if;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\vkyf aqmifrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmfwpfck(csKd;azmufcHaom pHcsdefwpfck)twGif; vlonf tjypf½Sdoljzpfum? bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmfwpfck(tcrJhaus;Zl;awmf)twGif; olwdkYon ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½SdMu onf/

5;19]]wpfa,mufaomol\em;raxmifjcif; ...wpfa,mufaomol\em;axmifjcif;}}/ aygvkonf"r®a[mif; usrf;\wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif; "r®oabmtm; toHk;jyKonf/ vlwpfa,muf\tjyKtrlonf vlYtzGJY tpnf;wpfckvHk; xdcdkufonf/ (a,m½I 7utmcefY)? tm'HESifh{0wdkY\pum; em;raxmifjcif;onf zefqif;aom t&mtm;vHk;ay: bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;oufa&mufaponf/ (urÇmOD; 3)/ tm'H\awmfvSefykef uefrI tusKd;qufonf zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk; xdckdufonf/ (8;18-25)/ urÇmajrBuD;rSm cgwdkif;uJhJhodkY r[kwfawmhNyD/ aojcif;w&m;onf urÇmajrBuD;ay: touf½SiforQt&mcyfodrf;ay: a&muf½SdvmcJhygNyD/ (urÇm 5)/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif&nf½G,fxm;onfh urÇmrsKd;r[kwfawmhNyD! ¤if;enf;wl wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;aom oabmt"dyÜg,fjzifh a,½I\emcHaom? vkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpf onfh um&meDukef;ay:u vkyfaqmifcsufonf (1) acwfopfwpfck (2) topfaomvlrsKd;wpfrsKd;ESifh (3)

y#dnOfw&m;opfwpf&yftm; jzpfyGg;aponf/ udk,fpm;jyKaom þ"r®oabmuk ]]tm'H-c&pfawmfyHkaqmifjcif;}}

(the Adam-Christ typology)[kac:onf/(zd 2;6)/ a,½IrSm 'kwd,ajrmuf tm'Hjzpfonf/ olonf usqif;cJh NyD;aom vlom;rsm;\ topfaomtpjyKjcif;jzpfonf/

]]ajzmifhrwfolrsm;jzpfapvdrfhrnf}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17 Munfhyg/

5;20

NASB ]]usL;vGefrIBuD;xGm;ap&ef ynwfw&m;0ifvm}}

NKJV ]]xdkYjyif tjypfyGg;ap&ef ynwfw&m;0ifvmonf}}

NRSV ]]odkYaomf ynwfw&m;0ifvmum? tusKd;quftj zpf vGefusL;jcif;yGg;rsm;vmaponf}}

TEV ]]rSm;,Gif;aomtjyKtrlrsm; wdk;yGg; ap&ef ynwfawmfpwif0ifvmonf}}

NJB ]]ynwfawmf0ifvmonfhtcg ¤if;rSm usqif;jcif ;tcGifhta&;tm; wdk;yGg;ap&efjzpfonf}} ynwfawmf\&nf½G,fcsufrSm rnfonfhtcgürQ vlom;tm; u,fwif&efr[kwfcJhbJ? usqif;aom vlom;\vkdtyfcsufESihf tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaejcif;tm; jyo&efjzpfNyD;? ({zuf 2;1-3)xdkodkYaomtm;jzifh olwdkYudk c&pfawmfxH ydkYaqmif&efjzpfonf/ (3;20/ 4;15/ 7;5/ *v 3;19? 23-26)/ ynwfw&m;rSm aumif;rGefonf rSefaomfvnf; vlom;rSmrl tjypfESifhjynfhvsuf½Sdonf! (a&mr 7)

]]aus;Zl;awmfonf ydkí<u,f0\}}/ ¤if;onf þu@mefaygvk\t"du wGef;tm;jzpfonf/ tjypfonf pufqkwfzG,f&maumif;pGm jyefYESHYaeaomfvnf; aus;Zl;awmfonf <u,f0vsuf½Sdum? aoqHk;rIjzpfyGg;apaom ¤if;\vTrf;rdk;rIxuf vGefuJonf! ¤if;onf awmifyHaygufump yxrwpf&mpktoif;awmftwGuf cGeftm;& p&mjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf c&pfawmfxJü atmifEkdifolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (5;9-11/ 8;31-39/ 1a,m 5;4)/ ¤if;rSm ydkítjypfrsm;rsm;vkyf&ef vdkifpifr[kwfacs! txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Huper aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk 1;30üMunfhyg/ ti,f 15ütoHk;jyKonfh a&mr 15;13u qufpyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk; (taMumif;-about)tm; ¤if;\txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/ 5;21 ]]tjypf}}ESifh]]aus;Zl;awmf}}ESpfrsKd;pvHk;tm; bk&ifrsm;tjzpf vluJhodkYwifpm;xm;onf/ tjypfonf wpfurÇm vHk;qdkif&m aojcif;w&m;tm;jzifh tkyfpdk;onf/ (i,f 14? 17)/ aus;Zl;awmfonf oGufoGif;ay;aomajzmifhrwf jcif;w&m;tm;jzifh tkyfpdk;onf/ xdkajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;rSm a,½Ic&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhonfhtvkyf ,HkMunfolonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIrSwqifh &½Sdaomt&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\vlrsKd;awmf topfjzpfaom? c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mtjzpfjzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;onfvnf; c&pfawmfESifhtwl pdk;pHMuonf/ (5;17/ 2wd 2;12/ Asm 22;5)/ þt&mudk ajrBuD;ay:ü(odkY) tESpfwpfaxmif tkyfpdk;rIü awGYjrif&onf/ (Asm 5;9-10/ 20)/ or®musrf;pmonfvnf; EkdifiHawmfu oefY½Sif;olrsm;tm; ay;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif; or®mw&m;tm; tcdkiftrmajymygonf/ (róJ 5;3? 10/ vkum 12;32/ {zuf 2;5-6)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;taMumif;tm; 5;17? 18üMunfhyg/ aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pm tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm;

onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf; a&;om;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\ þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/

1/ bk&m;ocif\]]ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}}tm; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufay;yg/

2/ ]]&yfwnfcsufqdkif&m oefY½Sif;apjcif;}} ESifh ]]wdk;wufjzpfay:aomydkifqdkifjcif;}}wdkY\"r®oabmw&m;t& uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrSm tb,fenf;?

3/ igwdkYu,fwifjcif;&onfrSm aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifhavm(odkY) ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhavm? ({zuf 2;8-9)

4/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf tb,faMumifh 'ku©qif;&JcHMuoenf;?

5/ igwdkYonf u,fwifjcif;&cJhMuNyD (odkY)u,fwifjcif;&aeMuqJjzpfonf(odkY)u,fwifjcif;&½SdMuvdrfhrnf[k qdk&mü rnfonfht&menf;?

6/ igwdkYonf tjypfjyKí tjypfom;rsm;jzpfaeMujcif;avm (odkY) tjypfom;rsm;jzpfaeMujcif;aMumifh tjypfjyK

7/ ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}} ]]u,fwifonf}} ESifh]]jyefvnfoifhjrwfaponf}}qdkonfh a0g[m&rsm;onf þoifcef; pm 5twGif; rnfuJhodkY qufpyfaeoenf;?

8/ bk&m;ocifonf vGefcJhaomESpfaygif;axmifESifhcsDumvü touf½SifcJhol? tjcm;aomvlwpfa,muf\tjypf aMumifh uREfkyftm;wm0ef½Sdonf[k tb,faMumihf qGJoGif;&oenf;? (i,f 12-21)

9/ tm'HrS arma½StMum;umvü tjypfudktjypf[k rrSwf,lcJhbl;qdkvQif ¤if;umvtwGif; vlwdkif;tb,f aMumifh aoqHk;cJhMuoenf;? (i,f 13-14)

10/ ]]tm;vHk;}}ESifh]]trsm;}}wdkYonf t"dyÜg,fwlpum;vHk;rsm;[kwfygovm;? (i,f 18-19/a[½Sm 53;6? 1112)

a&mr 6

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; tydkif;vdkufcGJjcif;

UBS4 NKJV NRSV TEV NJB

tjypftwGuf tjypftwGufao? c&pfawmfESifhtwl

tjypftwGuf AdwåZH aoaomfvnf; bk&m;twGuf½Sif aojcif;ESifh½Sifjcif; aoaomfvnf; c&pfawmfxJ½Sif c&pfawmftxJ½Sif 6;1-11 6;1-14 6;1-4 6;1-4 6;1-7 6;5-11 6;5-11 6;8-11 oefY½Sif;jcif;? tjypftm; ocifwif&ef tjypfrjyK 6;12-14 6;12-14 6;12-14 6;12-14 ajzmifhrwfjcif; tjypf\uRef uRefcHjcif; ajzmifhrwfjcif; c&pf,mef \uRef tjzpfrSbk&m; ESpfrsKd; \uRef onftjypf\ \uReftjzpfodkY uReftjzpfrS vGwf 6;15-23 6;15-23 6;15-19 6;15-19 6;15-19 tjypf\tc ESifhajzmifhrwf jcif;\tc 6;20-23 6;20-23 6;20-23

ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; tausmhoHk;(pm xi Munfh) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif; ¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm; &efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf; tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\ taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/

yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmydk'f

wwd, pmydk'f

...pojzifh

usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ tcef;BuD; 6;1-8;39onf pdwful;tpkwpfckjzpfum? c&pf,mefESifhtjypf\qufpyfrI (oefY½Sif;pifMu,f apjcif;)taMumif;jzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\rxdkufwef aom tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfukd tajcjyKjcif;jzpfojzifh (3;21-5;21)txufygtaMumif;t&mrSm tvGefta&; BuD;onf/ odkYjzifh tjypfonf ,HkMunfoludk rnfodkYxdckdufoenf;? tcef;BuD; 6 onf t,ltqESpfckjzpf onfh ti,f 1ESifh15udk tajcjyKonf/ ti,f 1onf 5;20ESifhqufpyfum? ti,f 15onf 6;14 ESifh qufpyfonf/ yxrt&m\tjypfESifhqufpyfrIrSm touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH (PRESENT TENSE-ypöyÜef)jzpfNyD;? 'kwd,t&m\ tjypfESifh qufpyfrIrSm wpfOD;csif;jyKaomtjypf (AORIST TENSE)jzpfonf/ xdkYjyif ti,f 1-14 onf ,HkMunfolrsm; tjypf\pdk;rdk;rIrS vGwfajrmufrIudkajymNyD;? ti,f 15-23onf bk&m;ocif tm; tapcH&ef ,HkMunfolrsm;\ vGwfajrmufrIudkazmfjyum? olwdkYonf ,cifu tjypftm; t<uif;rJh? tjynfhtpHkESifh pdwfygvufyg tapcHcJhMuonfhtwkdif;yifjzpfaMumif; ajymygonf/

c/ oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;onf atmufygESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4üMunfhyg)

1/ &yfwnfcsufwpfck (ajzmifhrwfjcif;enf;wl u,fwifjcif;&csdefü oGyfoGif;ay;onf-3;21-5;21) 2/ c&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwljcif; (u) þor®mw&m;udk 6;1-8;39ü "r®oabmw&m;jzifh azmfjyonf/ (c) 12;1/15;13 ü þt&mudkyif vufawGYusifhoHk;rIjzifhazmfjyonf/(txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 üMunfhyg/

*/ teufzGifholrsm;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh &yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;wdkY\ or®musrf;enf; ust"dyÜg,frsm; ydkrdkem;vnfEkdifap&ef ¤if;wdkYtm; "r®oabmw&m;jzifh cGJjcm;avh½SdMuonf/ trSefrSm ¤if;wdkYonf aus;Zl;awmf\wpfNydKifeufwnf;jyKaom (&yfwnfrIqdkif&m-1aum 1;30/ 6;11)vkyfaqmifrI jzpfonf/ ¤if; wdkY\vkyfaqmifrI,EÅ&m;rSm twlwlyifjzpfNyD; a,½I\toufwm? taocHjcif;ESifhjyef½Sif xajrmufjcif;^jyefwufjcif;wdkYtm;jzifh ay:vGifonfhbk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfjzpfum? ¤if;udk ,HkMunf jcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&½Sd onf/ ({zuf 2;8-9)

C/ þtcef;BuD;ü c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\om;wdkYonf pHkvifjynfh0pGm &ifhusufEdkifpGrf;½SdyHkudk oGefoif onf/(1a,m 3;6?9/ 5;18)/ tcef;BuD; 7ESifh 1a,m 1;8-2;1onf,HkMunfolrsm; qufvufí trSefyif tjypfuif;pifvsuf touf½SifMuyHktm;jyonf/ tjypfvTwfjcif;taMumif; aygvk\tjriftm; trsm;qHk;wdkufcdkufMuonfrSm (aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfaprI&½Sdjcif;)udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&müjzpfonf/ *sL;rsm;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifh tnD aocsmayguf touf½Sifjcif;jzpfapvdkMuojzifh topfajymif;vJvmolrsm;tm; arma½S\ynwfw&m; udk vdkufusifhapvdkMuonf/ aygvk\tjrifudk vltcsKdUonf tjypfjyK&ef cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpif tjzpf½Ijrifxm; Muum? xdkodkY trSefyifjyKoltcsKdUvnf;½SdaMumif; todtrSwfjyK&rnfomjzpfonf/ (1? 15/ 2ay 3;1516)/ aygvk ,HkMunfonfrSm jyifyef;o@mefjzpfonfh Oya'otm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfjcif; tm;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom? c&pfawmfESifhwlonfh aemufvdkufrsm; arG;xkwfvdrfhrnf[líjzpfonf/ trSefrSm ¤if;onf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;(w&m;a[m 27-28)ESifh y#dnOfw&m;opf (a,&rd 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;26-27)wdkY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIjzpfonf/

i/ &epfr*Fvmonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;^oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;\ 0dnmOfydkif;ppfrSefrItm; ½kyfypönf;tm;jzifh xif½Sm;pGmjyorIwpfckjzpfonf/ a&mrMo0g'pmü &yfwnfrIqdkif&moefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; (ajzmifhrwfaprI &½Sdjcif;)ESifh? vufawGYtm;jzifh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;(c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;)ESpfrsKd;vHk;tm; tav;teufjyK

azmfjyonf/]]twloN*ØKvfcHjcif;}}(i,f 4)onf ]]vuf0g;uyfwkdifü twl½kdufxm;cHjcif;}}(i,f 6)ESifh tvm; wljzpfonf/

p/ c&pf,meftoufwmü pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifh tjypftm;atmifjrif&ef aomhcsufrsm;rSm

1/ oifonf c&pfawmftxJü rnfolrnf0gjzpfaeaMumif; od½Sdyg/ oifhtwGuf c&pfawmfrnfonfht&m vkyfay;cJhaMumif; odxm;yg/ oifonf tjypfrSvGwfajrmufaeoljzpfonf! oifonf tjypfbufü^t jypftwGuf vlaojzpfaeayNyD!

2/ rdrdaeYpOftoufwm\ tajctaersm;ü c&pfawmftxJ rdrd\&yfwnfrIESifhudkufnDpGm touf½Sifyg/

3/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkYudk t&ifyxrcspfawmfrlcJhum? uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf olYudk,folay;tyfol t½Sifay: aus;Zl;wifum? cspfaomtm;jzifh olYtm;tapcHMu&ygrnf!

4/ c&pf,meftoufwmrSm obm0vGeftoufwmjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;uJhodkYyif bk&m;ocif onf c&pfawmftxJay;aom vufaqmifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ¤if;udktpjyKay;um? ¤if;\ wefcdk;udk axmufyHhjyifqifay;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf tpjyK&müvnf;aumif;? aeYpOfüvnf;aumif; aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKMu&ygrnf/

5/ tjypfudk upm;p&moabmjzifh prf;oyfrupm;&/ ¤if;tm; t½Sdtwdkif;jrifxm;yg/ ¤if;udka½Smif½Sm;yg/ ¤if;xHrS xGufajy;yg/ pHkprf;aoG;aqmif&mae&mü oifhudk,foif ae&mrcsygESifh/

6/ ,HkMunfoltxJ tjypfonf t&ufaopmcGJjcif;uJhodkYjzpfí &onfrSefaomfvnf; xdkodkYjyKEkdif&ef {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;? 0dnmOfawmf\usdef;0yfjcif;wdkYtm; odrSwf&efvdktyfum? tcsdef? tm;xkwfrIESifh pdwfqE´ ½SdrIrsm;vdktyfonf/

pum;vHk;ESihfpum;pkavhvmrI

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 6;1-7 1odkYjzpfvQif? tb,fodkYajym&rnfenf; ? aus;Zl;awmfwdk;yGg;ap&e f? qufvufítjypfjyKMuOD; rnfavm ? 2xdkodkY rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpf&/ tjypfüaoc JhNyD;ol uRefawmfwdkYonf tjypfjyKvsuf ¤if;txJ rnfodkYtouf½Sifum aeMuOD;rnfenf; ? 3odkYr[kwf c&pfawmfa,½ItxJodkY AdwåZHjyKjcif; cHcJhNyD;ol igwdkYtm;vHk;onf ol\taocHawmfrljcif;üvnf; AdwåZHjyKjcif;cHcJhNyD;jzpfaMumif; oifwdkY rod Muoavm ? 4odkYjzpfí ol\taocHawmfrljcif;ü olESifhtwl AdwåZHjyKjcif; cHjcif;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf olESifhtwl oN*ØKvfjcif;cHcJhMu\/ crnf;awmf\ bkef; wefcdk;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf vlaorsm;teufrS xawmfrlonfenf;wl? igwdkYonfvnf; topfaomb0 toufwmü avQmufvSrf;EdkifMuap&efjzpf\/ 5taMumif;rlum; olaoqHk;ouJhodkY aoqHk;oltjzpf olESifhtwl aygif;pyfcJhMuNyDqdkvQif? oiftouf jyef½Sifí xonfenf;wl igwdkYonfvnf; {ueftrSefjzpfMuvdrfhrnf/ 6tjypfESifhqdkifaom igwdkY\ cE¨mudk,fonf zsufpD;cHjcif;iSg? igwdkY\Zmwda[ mif;onf olESifhtwl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm taoowf jcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;tm;od½Sdvsuf igwdkYonf tj ypftm; aemufxyfuRefcHjcif; rjyKMurnftaMumif; wnf;/ 7taMumif;rlum; aoqHk;cJhNyD;olonf tjypfrSvGwfajrmuf\/

NASB ]]aus;Zl;awmfwdk;yGg;ap&ef qufvufí tjypfjyKMuOD;rnfavm ?}}

NKJV ]]aus;Zl;awmf<u,f0ap&ef qufvufí tjypfjyKMuOD;rnfavm ?}}

NRSV ]]aus;Zl;awmf<u,f0ap&ef qufvufítjypfjyKMu&OD;rnfavm ?}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmf wdk;yGg;ap&ef tjypftxJ qufvuftouf½SifMu&OD;rvm; ?}} NJ ]]aus;Zl;awmfonf ydkrdkBuD;rm;aomtcGifhaumif; &½Sdap&ef igwdkYonftjypfxJ qufvuf½SdaeMu &rnf qdkonfhoabmyJjzpfygovm; ?}}

¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE ac: pdwfqE´tm; azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ xkwfvdkaomar;cGef; trSefrSm c&pf,mefwdkYonf ]]tjypfü tNrJ½Sdae&ef}}avm? (0g)tjypftm;]]ayGYydkuf&ef}}avm?[líjzpfonf/ þ ar;cGef;onf 5;20udk aemufjyefvSnfhMunfhonf/ aus;Zl;awmftm; tvTJoHk;pGJEkdifonfh tvm;tvm (1a,m 3;6? 9/ 5;18)ESifhpyfvsOf;í aygvkon jiif;qdkol (a0befjypfwifol)½Sdav[efyHkpH a&;om;rIrsKd;oHk;onf/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfESifh *½kPawmfonf awmfvSefykefuefaomtoufwmü usifvnf&ef vkyfydkifcGifh vdkifpifr[kwfacs/ c&pfawmfaMumifh aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifhay;aom u,fwifjcif;vufaqmifjzpfonfh aygvk\tcrJh owif;aumif;onf ajzmifhrwfaomtouf½Sifjcif;qdkif&mudpöü ar;cGef;rsm;pGmjzpfay:aponf/ tcrJhvuf aqmifonf udk,fusihfw&m;tm; rnfuJhodkYajzmifhrSefapoenf;? ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifhoefY½Sif;apjcif;wdkYudk cGJjcm; &efr[kwfacs/(róJ 7;24-27/ vkum 8;21/ 11;28/ a,m 13;17/ a&mr 2;13/ ,mukyf 1;22-25/2;14-26) þae&mü F.F Bruce \ Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free pmtkyfrS udk;um;azmfjyyg&ap/ ]]c&pf,mefrsm;\ a&ESpfr*Fvmonf topfarG;zGm;jcif;r½Sdonfh ¤if;wdkY\wnf½Sdaeaom vla[mif;ESifh c&pfawmftxJ ¤if;wdkY\topfaomb0tMum; e,fjcm;rSwfwdkifpdkufxlvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ a&ESpf r*FvmcHNyD;ol c&pf,mefwpfa,muf tjypfqufvuf&efqdkonfrSm vGwfvyfcGifhay;cJhNyD;aomuRefwpf a,muf ,cifolYocifxH qufvufuRefcHouJhodkYvnf;aumif; (a&mr 6;1-4/ 15-23)? rkqdk;rwpf a,mufonf ]]olYa,musfm;ESifh w&m;Oya'\csnfaESmifjcif;atmufü qufvuf½Sdaejcif;}}uJhodkY (p.281 -82. a&mr 7;1-6)vnf;aumif; jzpfaeayrnf/ James S. Stewart \A Man in Christ pmtkyfüola&;om;onfrSm

]]þae&mtxd wrefawmfBuD; ajymcJhorQü MoZmtBuD;qHk;pdwful;udk a&mrtcef;BuD; 6xJü awGY& onf/ ¤if;ü aygvkonf cefYnm;aomtm;ESifh tm;xkwfum pdwfESvHk;ESifh cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaomtwGif;pdwfxJ ajymonfrSm a,½IESifhol\taocHawmfrljcif;ü ,HkMunfolrsm;onf olESifhaygif;pyfonf[kqdk&mü ,HkMunfol onf tjypfESifhtNyD;tjywf cGefESifh tm;ESifh cGJxGwfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ (p. 187-88)

6;2]]xdkodkY rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpf&}} ¤if;onf pdwfqE´(0g)qkawmif;jcif;ESifhqdkifaom o'´goHk;EIef;yHkü ½Sm;yg;onfhOPTATIVE toHk;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm jiif;qefolwpfa,muftm; tajzay;jcif;yHkpHjzpfonfh aygvk\ pma&;[ef(a[NAJ tD'D,HoHk;EIef;yHk)jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf r,HkMunfolrsm;onf aus;Zl;awmftaMumif; em;vnfrIvTJrSm;yHkESifh ¤if;tm; wvTJtoHk;jyKMujcif;tay: aygvkwkefvIyfxdwfvefYrdyHkESifh pufqkyf½GH½SmyHkudk azmfjyonf/ (3;4? 6)/

]]tjypfüaoqHk;cJhNyD;ol igwdkYonf}} ¤if;onf ACTIVE INDICATIVE NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom tjzpfrSefwpf&yfudkjy onfhyk'frsKd;jzpfNyD; ]]igwdkYaoqHk;cJhMuNyD}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ þtcef;BuD;xJü ]]tjypf}}tm; tenf;udef;jzifh



azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ ¤if;onf tm'HrS tarGqufcH&½Sdonfh ]]ADZtjypf}}(a&mr 5;12-21/ 1aum 15;21-22)udk nTef;aeonfESifhwlonf/ ,HkMunfolESifh a,½I\topfaomawmfpyfrIudkjy&ef aygvkonf aoqHk;jcif;oabm tm;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ olwdkYonf tjypftm; t½Sifociftjzpf remcHMuawmhacs/ ]]¤if;txJ touf½Sif}} ¤if;rSm vHk;aphywfaphtm;jzifh]]vrf;avQmufonf}}[líjzpfonf/ ¤if;wifpm;rIudk ,HkMunfjcif;ü touf½Sifaejcif;yHkpH ({zuf 4;1/ 5;2? 15) odkYr[kwf tjypfxJ touf½Sifaejcif;yHkpH ({zuf 4;17)wpfckcktm; txl;jyKazmfjy&ef oHk;avh½Sdonf/ ,HkMunfolonf tjypfxJ aysmfydkufvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs 6;3-4]]AdwåZHjyKjcif;cHcJhNyD;...oN*ØKvfjcif;cHcJhNyD}} ESpfckpvHk; AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE ac:jyKjcif;cHcJhNyD; aomtjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjyaomyk'frsKd;jzpfonf/ þo'´goabm oHk;EIef;yHktm; jyifyrSvkyfaqmifolwpfOD; tm;jzifh vkyfaqmifNyD;pD;cJhjcif;tm; azmfjy&moHk;avh½SdNyD;? þae&mürl vkyfaqmifolrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ ¤if;ESpfrsKd;onf þusrf;ydk'fü tvm;wljzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /AdwåZHr*Fvm

Curtis Vaughan \ Acts pmtkyfü pdwf0ifpm;p&matmifajcrSwfpkwpfck p.28 ü½Sdonf/

]]AdwåZHjyKjcif;cHonf}}pum;vHk;\*&dpum;vHk;rSm third person imperative ac:apcdkif;jcif; toHk;tEIef; rsKd;jzpfonf/ ]]aemifw}}[laom pum;vHk;rSmsecond person imperative ac:tvm;wl oHk;EIef;rIrsKd;jzpfNyD; ydkrdk wdkuf½kdufajymjcif;oabmaqmifonf/ AdwåZHjyKjcif;cH&onf qdkonfhtoHk;tEIef;rSm ydkrdkaysmhajymif;rI½SdNyD; ayw½ku xdkpum;vHk;tm;oHk; &mü t"duawmif;qdkrIrSm aemifw&&efjzpfonf/ þoabmudkyif ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[ef (róJ 3;2)ESifh a,½I (róJ 4;17)wdkY txl;jyKa[majymrIrsm;ü awGY&onf/ aemifw&jcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&maomhcsufjzpfNyD;? a&ESpfr*Fvmonf 0dnmOfa&;&majymif;vJrItm; jyifyo@mefü azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü ESpfjcif;rcHaom,HkMunfol[llí r½Sdacs! ueOD;toif;awmfü ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm; vlod½SifMum; 0efcHrIjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;twGuf ,EÅ&m;r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmftxJ ,HkMunfjcif;tm; tay:wif0efcHonfhtjzpftysufjzpfonf! ayw½k\ 'kwd, ajrmufw&m;a'oemü aemifw&jcif;tm;azmfjyaomfvnf;? a&ESpfr*FvmudkrlrajymcJhaMumif; owd&&efvdk onf/ (3;19/ vkum 24;17)/ ESpfjcif;r*FvmrSm a,½Iudk,fwdkif erlemjycJhonfht&mwpfckjzpfonf/ (róJ 28;19)/ ,ckacwfü u,fwifjcif;&&ef a&ESpfr*Fvmvdktyfonf[laom ar;cGef;xkwfrIudk "r®opfusrf;ü rajym acs/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk; a&ESpfr*FvmcH,l&ef arQmfvifhonf/ odkYaomf toif;awmfqdkif&m ,EÅ&m;wpf&yf tjzpf usifhoHk;jcif;udkrl qefYusif&rnfomjzpfonf! u,fwifjcif;onf ,HkMunfjcif;udpöjzpfNyD; ae&mrSefuefjcif;? rSefuefaompum;vHk;? rSefuefaomtoif;awmf\usifh0wfqdkif&m udpör[kwfacs!

]]c&pfawmf a,½ItxJodkY}} tvm;wl ]]txJodkY}}eis(into) tm; róJ 28;19 r[mapcdkif;jcif;üoHk;&m? topf aom,HkMunfolrsm; crnf;awmf? om;awmfESihf oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\emrawmftxJodkY-eis(into)ESpfjcif; cHMuonf/ xdk0dbwfudkyif 1aum 12;13ü 0dnmOfawmfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;ukd c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mxJodkY AdwåZHay;jcif;tm; jy&müoHk;onf/ þusrf;ydk'foHk;ydk'füoHk;onfh eis onf ti,f 11uen (c&pfawmftxJ)ESifh t"dyÜg,fwljzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; &nfnTef;&mü aygvkESpfoufonfh oHk;EIef;yHkwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf wnfae&mESifhqdkifonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJtouf½Sifonf/ vIyf½Sm;um? jzpfwnfaeMu onf/ þ0dbwfrsm;onf &if;ESD;aomaygif;pyfrI? rdwfo[m,jzpfrIu@? pyspfEG,fESifh tcuftvufwdkY\ qufpyfyHkwdkYudkazmfjyonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl ol\taocHjcif; (6? 8;17)? ol\touf

½Sifí jyefxjcif;(i,f 5)? bk&m;ociftm;emcHum trIawmfaqmif½Gufjcif;ESifh ol\EkdifiHawmfponfwdkYü c&pfawmfESifh xyfwlxyfrQjyKMuonf!



]]ol\taocHawmfrljcif;ü...igwdkYonf olESifhtwl oN*ØKvfjcif;cHcJhMu\/}} a&xJESpfum? AdwåZHcHjcif; onf aojcif;ESifhoN*ØKvfjcif;udk ½Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/ (i,f 5ESifh aum 2;12)a,½Ionf ol\taocHjcif; tm;azmfjy&ef AdwåZHr*FvmudkoHk;onf/ (rmuk 10;38-39/ vkum 12;50)/ þae&m tav;teufjyKvdkonf rSm AdwåZHqdkif&m Mo0g'r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;?oN*ØKvfjcif;wdkYESifh c&pf,mef\topfaom &if;ESD; uRrf;0ifonfh qufqHa&;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\AdwåZH? ol\p½dkufvu©Pmawmf? ,Zfaumiftjzpf rdrdudk,f rdrday;vSLjcif;? r[mapcdkif;awmfrljcif;wdkYü ,HkMunfolwdkYrSm xyfwlxyfrQjzpfMuonf/ tjypfonf olwdkYay: wefcdk;r½Sdawmhacs!

6;4]]ol\taocHawmfrljcif;ü olESifhtwl AdwåZHjyKjcif ;cHjcif;tm;jzifh igwdkYonf olESifhtwl oN*ØKvf jcif;cHcJhMu\/}} aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;tm;vHk;rSmenf;wl þtcef;BuD;xJüvnf; sun (with)tm; aygif;pyfpum; vHk;tjzpf trsm;tjym;oHk;onf/ ({zuf 2;5-6 üoHk;cgawGY&onf)/

1/ sun + haptŌ = twloN*ØKvf? i,f 4/ aum 2;12/ i,f 8üvnf;Munfhyg/

2/ sun + phuŌ = twlpdkufysKd;? i,f 5

3/ sun + stauroŌ = vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm twl½kdufowfcH? i,f 6/ *v 2;20

4/ sun + zaŌ = twlwnf½Sd? i,f 8/ 2wd 2;11/ (twlao? twlpdk;pH)

]]igwdkYonf topfaomb0toufwmü avQmufvSrf;EkdifMuap&efjzpf\/}} ¤if;rSm AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVEac:pdwfqE´azmfjyrIrsKd;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfukd c&pfawmfrSwqifh &½SdcJhMuum? 0dnmOfawmf\usdef;0yfawmfrljcif;vnf; &cJhMuNyD;jzpfojzifh olwdkY\b0touf wmrSm ajymif;vJae&rnfjzpfonf/ igwdkY\topfaomtoufwmaMumifh(zoe)u,fwifjcif;&Muonfr[kwfbJ? ¤if;rSm u,fwifjcif;\tusKd;&v'fjzpfonf/ (i,f 16? 19/ 8;4/ 13;13/ 14;15ESifh {zuf 1;4/ 2;8-9? 10/ ,mukyf 2;14-20)/ ¤if;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;avm? vkyfaqmifrIavm[lí ar;cGef;xkwfjcif;r[kwfbJ? aemufquf wGJ&v'fwpfckjzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; tjypfom;rsm;onf aemifwESifh,HkMunfjcif;jzifh a,½IbufvSnfhvmMuonfhtcg csufjcif;yif ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; cHMuonf/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmftxJ olwdkU\topfaom &yfwnfrI jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;udk olwdkUtwGuf oGyfoGif;ay;vdkufonf/ (a&mr 4)/ olwdkUonf rSefuefí oefU½Sif;olrsm;tjzpf aMumfjimay;jcif;cHMuonf/ (w&m;½kH;awmfoabmjzihf bk&m;½Sif\vkyfaqmifrI) odkUaomf "r®opfusrf;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk oefU½Sif;pifMu,f&ef awmif;qdkonf/ ¤if;onf a,½I c&pfawmf NyD;pD;chJaomtvkyfxJü "r®oabmt& &yfwnfcsufjzpfonfhjyif? ol\pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifhwl&ef zdwfac:rIvnf;jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;rSm tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfum? touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHtvHk;pHkESifhtrQ wefbdk;½Sd onfenf;wl oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ tpjyKwHkUjyefr

c&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwljcif; wref

1aum 1;2-3/ 6;11

{zuf 1;4/ 2;10

1ouf 3;13/ 4;3-4? 7/ 5;23 a[NAJ 2;11/ 10;10? 14/ 13;12

2ouf 2;13

1wd 2;15 1ay 1;12 2wd 2;12 a[NAJ 12;14 1ay 1;15-16



]]topfaomtoufwm}}/ þ ]]topf}} onf tcsdefumvtm;jzifh topfjzpf½kHrQomr[kwfbJ? ta&twGuf udkqdkvdkonf/ ¤if;tm; ar½Sd,,laqmifvmonfhtjrpfygvSefaom tajymif;tvJtm;ajym&ef enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh "r®opfüoHk;onf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm

1/ topfaomy#dnOfw&m;? vkum 22;20/ 1aum 11;25/ 2aum 3;6/ a[NA 8;8?13/ 9;15/

2/ topfaomapcdkif;rI? a,m 13;34/ 1a,m 2;7? 8/ 2a,m 5/

3/ topfaom zefqif;jcif;? 2aum 5;17/ *vm 6;15/

4/ topfaom toufwm? a&mr 6;4/

5/ topfaom 0dnmOf? a&mr 7;6/

6/ topfaomvl? {zuf 2;15/ 4;24/

7/ topfaomaumif;uifrsm;ESifh ajrBuD;? 2ay 3;13/ Asm 21;1/ (a[½Sm, 66;22)

8/ topfaomemrnf? Asm 2;17/ 3;12 (a[½Sm 62;2)

9/ topfaom a,½kpvif? Asm 3;12/ 21;2/ 10/ topfaom aw;oDcsif;? Asm 5;9/ 14;3 (a[½Sm, 42;10)

]]c&pfawmf}}...xawmfrlonf...}} þusrf;ydk'fü om;awmfajympum;rsm;ESi tvkyfrsm;udk crnf;awmfvufcH um? auseyfaMumif; BuD;rm;aomtjzpftysufESpfrsKd;jzifhjyonf/



1/ vlaorsm;teufrS a,½Ixjcif;?

2/ crnf;awmf\vusfmawmfbufü a,½Iwufjcif;? vlaorsm;\e,fy,frS a,½Itm; xap&mü oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\ yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; yg0ifvkyfaqmif onf/ ti,f 9 ESifh 8;11 wdkU\ rSwfcsufrsm;ü tjynfhtpHkMunfhyg/

]]crnf;awmf\bkef;wefcdk;}} ]]bkef;wefcdk;}}taMumif; txl;taMumif;t&m 1;7 üMunhfyg/

6;5]]vQif}}/ ¤if;onf yxrwef;pmcRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfNyD;? pma&;ol\tjrifü rSefonf[krSwf,lxm;aom t&m odkUr[kwf ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf pmzwfolrsm;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;tjzpf oabmxm;onf/

]]olESifhtwl aygif;pyfcJhMuNyD}} ¤if;onf PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ac: tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjy rIrsKd;jzpfum? ]]olESifhtwl aygif;pyfjcif;cHcJhMuNyDjzpf&m? qufvufí aygif;pyfMuOD;rnfjzpfonf}}(odkU)]]olESifh twl pdkufysKd;jcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? qufvufí olESifhtwl pdkufysKd;Muonf}}[k bmomjyefEkdifonf/ þor®mw&m; onf "r®oabmw&m;t& a,m[ef 15 u ]]wnfaejcif;}}-abiding ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm; onf a,½I\aoqHk;jcif;ü xyfwlxyfrQjzpfcJhMuNyDqdkvQif (*vm 2;19-20/ aum 2;20/ 3;3-5) ol\½Sifjyef xajrmufaomtoufwmü xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfMu&rnfrSm "r®oabmw&m;enf;usjzpfonf/ (i,f 10)

a&ESpfr*Fvmtm; aoqHk;jcif;tjzpf Oyrmwifpm;jcif;rSm atmufygwdkUu jyo&efjzpfonf/

1/ igwdkUonf toufwma[mif;? y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ü aocJhMuNyD 2/ igwdkUonf 0dnmOfawmfy#dnOfw&m;opfü touf½SifcJhMuNyD xdkUaMumifh c&pf,mef a&ESpfr*Fvmonf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ aemufqHk;ya&mzufjzpfol ESpfjcif;q&m a,m[ef\ a&ESpfr*FvmESifhrwlacs/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf ueOD;toif;awmfü ,HkMunfoltopfrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\,HkMunfrItm; tay:wif0efcHjcif;jyK&ef tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ ESpfjcif;cHrnfholvdkufqdk&ef ueOD; tapmqHk;umvrsm;ü oHk;onfhtqdkrSm ]]a,½Ionf ocifjzpfaMumif; tuREfkyf,HkMunfyg\}}[líjzpfonf/ (a&mr 10;9-13)/ þuJhodkU tay:wifaMumfjimjcif;rSm apmapmu jzpfysufawGUMuHKcJhonfht&mtm; tcef;t em;jzifh vufawGUjyojcif;?w&m;0ifjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf ,EÅ&m;? u,f wifjcif;(0g)0dnmOfawmf <ua&mufvmjcif;r[kwfbJ? vlod½SifMum; t"dXgefjyKjcif;ESifh 0efcHjcif;tcgor, jzpf onf/(wref 2;38)/ odkUaomf ¤if;rSm pdwfBudKufr[kwfacs/ xdkodkUjyK&ef a,½Iapcdkif;cJhonf/ (róJ 28;1920)/ OyrmjyocJhum? róJ 3/ rmuk 1/ vkum 3) ¤if;onf wrefawmfrsm;\a[majymrIrsm;ü wpfu@tjzpf yg0ifNyD;? wrefawmf0w¬Kü qufvufusifhoHk;onf/

6;6

NASB

]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf olESifhtwl vuf0g;uy fwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif; od½Sdvsuf}}

NKJV ]]igwdkY\vla[mif;onf olESifhtwl vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;c HcJhNyDjzpfaMumif; od½Sd vsuf}}

NRSV ]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf olESifhtwl vuf0g;uy fwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif; igwdkYod½SdMu\}}

TEV

]]igwdkYod&onfrSm igwdkY\tjzpfa[mif;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl? ol\vuf0g;uyfwdkif rSm aoqHk;apjcif; cHcJhNyD}}

NJB ]]igwdkY\,cifZmwdonf olESifhtwl vuf0g;uyfwdki frSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyDjzpfaMumif; oabmayguf&ygrnf}} ¤if;rSm jzpfNyD; ]]igwdkY\Zmwda[mif;onf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm owfjcif;cHcJhNyD}}[lí jzpf\/ tjyKcHBud,m onf bk&m;\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfaMumif;jyonf/ þor®mw&m;rSm atmifjrifaomc&pf ,meftoufwmtwGuf tqHk;tjzwfay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypfESifh rdrdwdkY\qufpyfrI topfudk oabmayguf&ygrnf/ (*v 2;20/ 6;24)/ vlom;\usqif;aom Zmwda[mif;onf (tm'HrS&aom obm0)c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhNyD/ (i,f 7/ {zuf 4;22 ESifh aum 3;9) ,HkMunfolrsm;taejzifh rlvtpOf tm'HjyKcJhonfenf;wl tjypfESifhqdkifí a½G;cs,fp&mwpfck½Sdonf/ 

NASB, NKJV ]]tjypfESifhqdkifaom igwdkY\udk,fcE¨ monf zsufodrf;jcif;cHap&eftvdkYiSg}}

NRSV ]]tjypfESifhqkdifaom udk,fcE¨monf zsufqD;cHapjcif;iSg}}

TEV ]]tjypfESifhjynhfaom Zmwd\we fcdk;onf zsufqD;cH&eftvdkUiSg}}

NJB ]]tjypfESifhjynfhaom udk,fcE¨mtm; zsufqD;&ef}} aygvkonf ]]udk,fcE¨m}}body (soma)pum;vHk;tm; ydkifqdkifjcif;jypum;pktawmfrsm;rsm;ESifhwGJoHk;onf/ 1/ tjypfESifhqdkifaom udk,fcE¨m? a&mr 6;6

2/ aojcif;ESifhqdkifaom udk,fcE¨m? a&mr 7;24

3/ aoG;om;ESihfqdkifaom udk,fcE¨m? aum 2;11 aygvkajymonfrSm tjypfESifhawmfvSefykefuefjcif; þuyfumv\½kyfcE¨mjzpfonf/ a,½I\jyef½Sifx ajrmufaom udk,fcE¨mrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif; uyfumvopfqdkif&m udk,fcE¨mjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;17)/ ½kyfcE¨mrSm jyóem (*&dawG;ac:ynm) r[kwfyJ? tjypfESifh ykefuefawmfvSefjcif;rSm jyóemjzpfonf/ cE¨mudk,frSm qdk;,kwfonfr[kwfacs/ c&pf,mefonf ½kyfcE¨mjzifh xm0&ae&rnf[laom,HkMunfrIudk twnfjyKonf/ (1aum 15)/ odkUaomf ½kyfcE¨monf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;? tjypfESifhZmwd (twå)wdkU\ ppfajrjyifjzpfonf/ ¤if; AORIST PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE onf pdwfqE´tm; azmfjyrItoHk;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfonf/ ]]zsufodrf;}} done away with qdkonfrSm ]]tvkyfrvkyf EdkifatmifjyKonf}} ]]wefckd;rJhaponf}} (0g)]]xkwfvkyfjcif;rjyKatmif jyKonf}}[líjzpfNyD; ]]zsufqD;onf}}qdkonfht"dyÜg,f r½Sdacs/ ¤if;rSm aygvkESpfoufonfh pum;vHk;jzpfum tBudrfESpfq,fhig;BudrfausmfoHk;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ysufjy,fí qdwfokef;onf(katargeŌ)ü Munfhyg/ 3;3/ igwdkU\½kyfcE¨monf Mum;aejzpfaomfvnf; tqufrjywfaom0dnmOfwdkufyGJ\ ppfajrjyifjzpf onf/ (i,f 12-13/ 5;12-21/ 12;1-2)

6;7 ]]aoqHk;cJhNyD;olonf tjypfESifhvGwfonf}} ¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE ESifh PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfum]]aocJhNyD;olonf tjypfrSvGwfcJhNyD;jzpf&m qufvufívGwfonf}} [kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ topfzefqif;jcif;cHolrsm;jzpfMuojzifh tjypfESifh? tm'H usqif;&mrS tarGqufcH&½Sdaom twå\uRefjyKjcif;r u,fvGwfjcif;cHcJhMuNyD;? qufvufí u,fvGwf jcif;cHMuonf/ (7;1-6)

]]vGwfajrmufonf}}qdkonfhpum;vHk;tm; bmomjyef&m *&da0g[m&rSm tpydkif;tcef;BuD;rsm;ü ]]ajzmifhrwfaponf}}tjzpf bmomjyefonfhpum;vHk;yifjzpfonf/ (ASV)/ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]vGwfajrmufap onf}} (NKJV,NRSV)u ydkít"dyÜg,f½Sdaponf/ (¤if;ESifhqifwl oHk;EIef;rItm; wref 13;39 üMunfhyg)/ pum;vHk;\ t"dyÜg,fudk tqHk;tjzwfay;onfrSm pmtquftpyfyifjzpfNyD; tbd"gefrsm;(0g)o'´genf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;r[kwfaMumif; owd&yg/ pum;vHk;rsm;onf 0gusrsm;tm;jzifhom t"dyÜg,f½Sdum? 0gusrsm;onf pmydk'frsm;tm;jzifhom t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 6;8-11 8igwdkUonf ,ckc&pfawmfESihftwl aoqHk;c JhMuNyDqdkvQif? olESihftwl touf½SifMurnf[kvnf; ,HkMunfMu\/ 9c&pfawmfonf aojcif;rS jyefxcJhNyD; a ojcif;ESifhtpOf uif;vGwfawmfrlonfudk od½Sd&Mu\/ aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfudkrtkyfpdk;/ 10taMumif;rlum;? udk,fawmf taocHawmfrl&mrSm tjypfaMumifh wpfcgwnf;ES ifhtNyD;wdkiftwGuf taocH\/ touf½Sif&mrSm bk&m;ociftbdkU touf½Sifawmfrl\/ 11odkUjzpfí oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkifí vlaotjzpf vnf;aumif;? bk&m;ocifESifhqkdifí c&pfawmf a,½ItxJü touf½Sifoltjzpfvnf;aumif; udk,fudk udk,frSwf,lMuavmh/

6;8 ]]vQif}} ¤if;onf yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfum? pma&;ol\tjrifü trSef[krSwf,ljcif;(0g) ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol\a&ESpfr*Fvmonf c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhaMumif;tm; jrifEdkifaom Oyrmjzifh jyojcif;jzpfonf/

]]igwdkUonf olESihft wl touf½SifMurnf}}/ þtaMumif;t&monf ]],ckae&m? ,cktcsdef}}udk ajymjcif;jzpf NyD;(1a,m 1;7) tem*wfoufoufrQomr[kwfacs/ ti,f 5 onf c&pfawmf\taocHjcif;udk igwdkUa0rQ &½SdyHk taMumif;ajymNyD;? ti,f 8 ürl udk,fawmf\touf½Sifjcif;tm; igwdkUa0rQ&½SdMuyHk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmftaMumif; or®musrf;enf;ust,l0g'ESifh wpfrsKd;wpfpm;wnf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf þae&m? þtcsdefESpfrsKd;üjzpfaomfvnf;? tem*wfumvü ½Sdaeao;onf/ tcrJh aus;Zl;awmfonf rdrdudk,frdrd xdef;csKyfrIjzpfay:apNyD;? vkyfydkifcGifhvdkifpifr[kwfacs/

6;9 ]]aojcif;rS xcJhNyD;}} ¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfNyD; ]]aojcif;rS xapjcif;cHcJhNyD}}[líjzpf onf/ (AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE taMumif; 6;4 üMunfhyg)/ a,½Iaojcif;rSjyefx&mü oHk;yg;wpfql bk&m;\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;yg0ifaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ü twnfjyKonf/

1/ 0dnmOfawmf (a&mr 8;11)

2/ om;awmf (a,m 2;19-22/ 10;17-18)

3/ crnf;awmfukdrl rMumcPazmfjyavh½Sdonf/ (wref 2;24? 32/ 3;15? 26/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30? 33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr 6;4? 9) crnf;awmf\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;rSm a,½I\touf½Sifjcif;? taocHjcif;ESifhoGefoifrIwdkUudk olvufcH awmfrlaMumif; twnfjyKay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm wrefawmfrsm;\ ueOD;w&m;a'oem\ t"dutcsufjzpf onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ueOD;toif;awmfa[majymaomt&m(kerygma) 1;2 üMunfhyg/ 

NASB

]]aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfukd ocifrvkyf}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfudk rtkyfpdk;}}

TEV ]]aojcif;w&m;onf aemufwzef udk,fawmfudk rtkyfcsKyf}}

NJB ]]aojcif;w&m;onf udk,fawmftay: wefcdk;r½Sdawmhacs}}

Bud,m kurieuŌ onf kurios(i.e, Lord- t½Sif) a0g[m&rSvmjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]ydkif½Sif}} ]]ocif}} ]]cifyGef; onf}} (0g)]]t½Sif}}[lít"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ a,½Ionf ,cktcg aojcif;w&m;ay: t½Sifocifjzpfonf/ (Asm 1;18) a,½Ionf jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;\ tOD;oD;jzpfonf/ vltcsKdUwdkUrSm

1/ touf½SifvsufESifhyif aumif;uifbHkodkU ,laqmifjcif;cHcJhMuonf/ ({aemESifh{vd,)

2/ cE¨mtoufjyef&cJhMuonf/ (odkYaomf vlY"r®wmtwdkif; jyefíaoqHk;oGm;Muonf) a,½IomvQif uyfumvtopf cE¨mudk,fESifh toufjyef½SifolwpfOD;wnf;aomyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/ a,½I onf aojcif;w&m;\wefcdk;tm; yxrqHk; zsufqD;oljzpfonf/ (1aum 15)

6;10 ]]taMumif;rlum;? udk,fawmftaocH awmfrl&mrSm tjypfaMumifh...taocH\}} a,½Ionf tjypfESifh jynfhaomavmuü touf½SifcJhaomfvnf; tjypfrjyKbl;cJhacs/ tjypfESihfjynfhaomavmuonf olUudk vuf0g; uyfwdkifay:owfonf/ (a[NAJ 10;10)/ vlom;rsKd;EG,fbufü a,½Itpm;xdk; taocHjcif;onf ynwfw&m; \awmif;qdkrIrsm;udk acszsufum? ¤if;wdkUtay: atmifjriftEdkif,lcJhonf/ (*vm 3;13/ aum 2;13-14)/

]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tNyD;wdkiftwGuf}} þusrf;ydk'fü aygvkonf a,½Ium; pifwifcHjcif;tm; tav;teu jyKazmfjyonf/ tjypftwGu wpfcgwnf;ESifh tNyD;wdkiftwGuf ol\taocHjcif;onf ol\aemufawmfvdkuf rsm;tm; tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkifí aoaomolrsm;jzpfaponf/

a,½Ionf ,Zfaumiftjzpf wpfcgwnf; taocHjcif;rSm tqHk;wdkiftwGufjzpfaMumif; a[NAJMo0g'pm üvnf; tav;teufjyK azmfjyonf/ þwpfcgwnf;ESihftNyD;wdkif u,fwifaomtjypfvGwfjcif;onf tpOftNrJ tNyD;tjywfjzpfonf/ (wpfcg (ephapax) 7;27/ 9;12/ 10;10 ESifh ]]tNrJwrf;^tNyD;tjywf}} (hapax) 6;4/ 9;7? 26? 27? 28/ 10;2/ 12;26? 27)

]]touf½Sif&mrSm? bk&m;ociftwGuf touf½Sifawmfrl\/}} ti,f 10\ AORIST ESpfrsKd;wdkUonf ti,f 10 \aemufqHk;tydkif;u PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ESpfrsKd;wdkUESifh qefUusifbufjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ociftwGuf touf½Sifonf (*vm 2;19-20)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\yef;wdkifrSm tjypfvGwfjcif; (ajzmifhrwfapjcif;) rQomvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ociftm; tapcHjcif; (oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;) jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkUudk u,fwifjcif;rSm tapcH&efjzpfonf!

6;11 ]]odkUjzpfí oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkifí vlaotjzpf...udk,fudkudk ,f rSwf,lMuavmh}} ¤if;onf PRESENT MIDDLE(usrf;usdefí xGufqdkcsuf) IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufay; onfh qufvufvsuf½Sdaom? tusifhoabmjzpfaom apcdkif;jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkUtwGuf c&pfawmfvkyfay; onfht&mtm; c&pf,mefu odrSwfjcif;onf aeUpOftoufwmtwGuf tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aomt&mjzpf onf/ ]]rSwf,l}}-consider (4;4? 9) a0g[m&rSm pm&if;udkifjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfum ]]aocsmpGm wGufcsuf}} NyD;aemuf ¤if;twdkif;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 1-11 onf c&pfawmftxJ vlwpfa,muf\&yfwnf csuf(&yfwnfcsufqdkif&m oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;)udk todtrSwfjyKum? ti,f 12-13 onf udk,fawmfESifhtwl avQmufvSrf;jcif;(wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefU½Sif;jcif;)udk txl;jyKonf/ ti,f 4 u txl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/



NASB, NRSV TEV, NJB ]]c&pfawmf a,½I}} NKJV ]]igwdkU\ ocifc&pfawmf a,½I}} ydkí wdkawmif;aomyHkpHudk MSS P46, A, B, D, F, G wdkUüoHk;onf/ UBS4 onf ¤if;udk ]]A}}tqifh (aocsm)owfrSwfonf/ jznfhpGufaompum;pkrSm (MSS P94, Aleph, C) ydkíapmjzpfaomfvnf; usrf;a&;ul; olwpfOD;u ti,f 23 rS jznfhpGufjcif;jzpf[ef½Sdonf/ BuD;rm;onfh vufa&;usrf;uGJtrsm;pkenf;wl ¤if;onf rl&if;t"dyÜg,ftm; tenf;tusOf;rQom uGJjym;jcm;em;aponf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 6;12-14

12xdkUaMumifh oifwdkU\aowwfaomudk,fcE¨mwyfrufjcif;tvdkodkU vdkuf&onftxd? tjypf w&m;tm; oifwdkUudk,fcE¨mudkrtkyfpdk;apESifh/ 13oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk raumif;rIwefqmyvmrsm; tjzpf? tjypfw&m; tm;qufvufí rqufoMuESifh/ odkUaomf aojcif;rStouf½Sifvmolrsm;taejzifh? oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;tm; ajzmifhrwfjcif;w efqmyvmtjzpf bk&m;ociftm; qufuyfMuavmh/ 14taMumif;rlum; oifwdkUonf ynwfw&m;vuf atmufü½Sdonfr[kwfbJ? aus;Zl;awmfw&m;vuf atmufü½SdMuonfjzpfí tjypfw&m;onf oifwdkUtay: ocifrvkyf&/

200

6;12

]]xdkUaMumifh...tjypfw&m;tm;

oi fwdkUudk,fcE¨mudk rtkyfpdk;apESihf}} ¤if;onf PRESENT ACTIVE

IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE wGJxm;jcif;jzpfNyD; qufvufjzpfay:aeaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck tm; &yfwHhvdkufonf[kqdkvdkonf/ ]]tkyfpdk;}}[laom a0g[m&onf 5;17-21 ESifh 6;23 wdkUESifhqufpyfonf/ aygvkonf "r®oabmw&m;tawmfrsm;rsm;tm; vltjzpfwifpm;onf/

1/ aojcif;w&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf (5;14? 17/ 6;23)

2/ aus;Zl;awmfw&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf/ (5;21)

3/ tjypfw&m;onf bk&iftjzpf tkyfpdk;onf/ (6;12? 14)

ar;cGef;rSm rdrdtoufwmü tkyfpdk;olrnfolenf; [líjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;üa½G;cs,f&ef tpGrf; wefcdk;c&pfawmfü½SdMuonf! wpfOD;csif;? a'oEÅ&toif;awmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ EkdifiHawmf\0rf;enf;bG,f&m rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;onf aus;Zl;awmfw&m;udkajym&if;jzifh twåESifhtjypftm; a½G;cs,fonfhtcgüjzpfonf! txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;taMumif; 5;17? 18 üMunfhyg/

6;13 ]]oifwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk tjypfw&m;tm; qufvufírqufoMuESifh}}/ ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE wGJxm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? qufvufjzpfay:aeaomvkyfaqmif rIwpfcktm; &yfwhHapjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;\toufwmü tjypfxJqufvufoGm;Edkifjcif; tvm;vmtm;azmfjyonf/ (7;1/ 1a,m 1;8 2;1)/ odkUaomf tjypfjyK&efvdktyfrIonf ,HkMunfolESihf c&pf awmf\awmfpyfrI (qufpyfrI)topfxJü okwfoifz,f½Sm;jcif; cHcJh&NyDjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1-11)/



]]wefqmyvmrsm;tjzpf}} þa0g[m& (hoplon)onf]]ppfom;rsm;\vufeufrsm;}} udknTef;qdkonf/ (13;12/ a,m 18;3/ 2aum 6;7/ 10;4)/ uRefawmfwdkU\udk,fcE¨monf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;twGuf ppfajrjyifjzpf onf/ (12-13/ 12;1-2/ 1aum 6;20/ zd 1;20)/ uRefawmfwdkU\touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHonf {0Ha*vdowif; aumif;udk vlod½SifMum; cif;usif;jyoonf/



]]bk&m;ociftm; qufoMuavmh}} ¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfNyD;? qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef zdwfac:jcif;jzpfonf/ (12;1)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ¤if;udku,fwifjcif;&pOfu jyKcJhaomfvnf;? rdrd\b0 wavQmufvHk;ü qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;&ygrnf/ þusrf;ydk'f½Sd tvm;wl pmom;rsm;udk rSwfom;yg/

1/ Bud,mtwlwljzpfNyD;? ESpfckpvHk; apcdkif;aprIjzpfonf

2/ wdkufyGJtm; wifpm;oHk;EIef;rIrsm; (u) raumif;rI vufeufrsm; (c) ajzmifhrwfjcif; vufeufrsm;

3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\udk,fcE¨mrsm;udk tjypfw&m;tm;jzpfap? bk&m;ociftm;jzpfap quf oEkdifonf/ þusrf;csufi,fonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;&nfnTef;NyD; a½G;cs,frIqufvufonf? wdkufyGJ qufvufjzpfyGg;onf[kqdkvdkonf/ (6;12? 19/ 1aum 6;18-19/ {zuf 6;10-18) 6;14 ]]tjypfw&m;onf oifwdkUtay: ocifrvkyf&}} ¤if;rSm FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE (qmvH 19;13) ac:tjzpfrSefwpf&yftm; azmfjyrIrsKd;jzpfNyD;? IMPERATIVE ac:cdkif;apjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfum ]]tjypfw&m; onf oifwdkUtay: rtkyfpdk;&}}[líjzpfonf! tjypfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;ay: ocifrvkyf&acs! taMumif;rSm ¤if;onf c&pfawmf\ocifr[kwfaomaMumifhwnf;/ (i,f 9/ a,m 16;33)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 6;15-19

15odkUjzpfvQif tb,fodkUenf;? igwdkUonf ynwfw &m;atmufür½SdbJ? aus;Zl;awmfw&m; atmufü½SdaomaMumifh tjypfjyKMurnfavmh ? rnfonfhtcgürQrjzpf&/ 16tMuifoltm; emcHaomuRef tjzpf oifwdkU udk,foifwdkU0ifaomtcg oifwdkUonf aojc if;udkjzpfyGg;apaom tjypfw&m;ESifhqdkifí jzpfap? ajzmifhrwfjcif; udkjzpfyGg;apaom emcHjcif ;w&m;ESifhqdkifíjzpfap? oifwdkUemcH&aomol\aus; uRefrsm;jzpfMuonfudk rodMuoavmh ? 17oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;\uRefjzpfcJhMuaomfvnf;? oifwdkU udk tyfESHaomoGefoifrIyHkpHudk pdwfESvHk;yg vsuf em;axmifMuonfjzpfí bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifyg onf/ 18oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufap jcif;c HcJhMuNyD;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm; jzpfvmMu\/ 19oifwdkU\ZmwdyuwdOmPf enf;yg;ojzifh i gonf vl\a0g[m&tm;jzifh ajymaejcif; jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh oifwdkYonf rd rdwdkU\udk,ft*Fgrsm;udk npfnrf;j cif;ESifh t"r®trIü uRefcHapcJh Muum? aemufxyft"r®trIrsm; jzpfyGg;aponfenf;wl? ajzmifhr wfjcif;ü uRefcHapum? oefU½Sif;pif Mu,fjcif;udk jzpfyGg;apMuavmh/ 6;15 ¤if;rSm ar;cGef;xkwfolwpfOD; ½Sdae[efjzifha&;aom (a0zefjypfwifpm) 'kwd,ajrmufpmjzpfNyD; 6;1 ESifhqifwlonf/ ESpfckpvHk;onf c&pf,mefrsm; tjypfjyKjcif;ESifhqdkifaom uGJjym;onfhar;cGef;rsm;udk tajzay;Mu onf/ ti,f 1 onf tjypfjyKcGifh&aom vdkifpiftjzpf toHk;rjyKonf aus;Zl;awmftaMumif;jzpfNyD;? ti,f 15url c&pf,mefonf tjypfESihfqdkifaomvkyfaqmifrIwdkif;tm; wdkufcdkuf&ef(0g)ckcH&ef vdktyfaMumif;ajym onf/ wpfcsdefwnf;üyif ,HkMunfolonf ,cifu tjypftm;tapcHcJhonfh pdwftm;xufoefrIrsKd;jzifhyif ,ck tcg bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&efjzpfonf/ (6;14)



NASB, NKJV

TEV ]]tjypfjyKMuOD;rnfavm}}

NRSV ]]tjypfjyKcJhMuOD;rnfavm}}

NJB ]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKvdku jyKEkdif&efvGwfajrmuf}}

Williams ESifh Phillips wdkU\ bmomjyefusrf;ESpfrsKd;ü þ AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE tm; PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE tjzpf ti,f 1 rSmenf;wl bmomjyefMuonf/ ¤if;rSm qDavsmfjcif; r½Sdacs/ atmufygtvm;wl bmomjyefrIrsm;udkMunfhyg/

1/ KJV, ASV, NIV ]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKMuOD;rnfavm}}

2/ The Centenary Translation]]igwdkUonf tjypf½SdaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck usL;vGefMuOD;rnfavm}}

3/ RSV ]]igwdkUonf tjypfjyKMu&efavm}} þar;cGef;rSm *&dbmomü tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfNyD; tajzrSm]][kwfygonf}}[kjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm or®m w&m;tm;ajymjy&mü aygvkoHk;onfh tjiif;tcHkjyKol ½Sdav[efa&;om;rIrsKd;jzpfonf/ þtcef;i,fü rSm;,Gif; aomMo0g'wpf&yftm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf! olonf ¤if;tm; tajzay;&mü olUenf;twkdif;]]rnfonfhtcgürQ xdkodkUrjzpf&}}[lí tajzay;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfjzpfonfh tjrpfygvSefí ajymif;vJypfvdkuf onfh aygvk\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm;rsm;pGm em;vnfrIvTJrSm;um? rSm;,Gif;pGm toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/

6;16 þar;cGef;onf

]][kwfygonf}}[laomtajzudk arQmfvifhonf/ vlom;rsm;onf wpfpHkwpf&m(0g)wpfpHk wpfa,mufudk tapcHMuonf/ oifhb0udk rnfoltkyfcsKyfoenf;? tjypfw&m;uvm;? bk&m;ocifuvm;? vlom;rsm;emcHjcif;jyKonfht&monf rnfolUtm; olwdkUtapcHaMumif;jyonf/ (*vm 6;7-8)

6;17 ]]bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifygonf}} aygvkonf rMumcPyif bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;ESifh jynfhavh½Sdonf/ ola&;onfhpmrsm;onf ol\qkawmif;rIrsm;rS pD;qif;vmum? ol\qkawmif;csufrsm;onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; oduRrf;&mrS pD;qif;vmonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /aygvk\qkawmif;rI? csD;rGrf;jcif;ESihf bk&m;ociftm; aus;Zl;wifjcif;rsm;taMumif; 7;25 üMunfhyg/



]]oifwdkU...cJhMuum...Muonfjzpfí...}} twdwfutjypfudk uRefcHcJhMuNyD;? ,ckürl olwdkUonf qefUusif ykefuefrIrjyKawmhaMumif;tm; azmfjyonf/

]]Mo0g'yHkpHudk pdwfES vHk;ygvsuf em;axmifMuonf}}/ þae&mü azmfjyonfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&½Sdjcif;onf aeUpOfc&pfawmfESifh ydkíydkíwlvmjcif;odkU OD;wnfaeap&vdrfh rnfjzpfonf/ oGefoifrI(teaching)qkdonfh a0g[m&onf wrefawmfrsm;\ oGefoifrIrsm;(0g){0Ha*vdowif;aumif; udk&nfnTef;onf/





]]pdwfESvHk;}} heart txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ESvHk; 1;24 üMunfhyg/

NASB ]]oifwdkUudk tyfESHaom oGefoifrIyHkpH}}

NKJV ]]oifwdkUudk ay;tyfaom Mo0g'yHkpH}}

NRSV, NIV ]]oifwdkUudk ,HkMunftyfESHaom oGefoifrIyHkpH}}

TEV ]]oifwdkUvufcH&½Sdaom oGefoifrIü awGU&onfh or®mw&m;}}

NJB ]]oifwdkUtm; ac:aqmifoGm;&m oGefoifrIerlem}}

1aum 15;1 ESifhtvm;wljzpfum? þ,HkMunfolrsm;Mum;odcJhMuNyD;? vufcHcJhMuonfh

{0Ha*vdor®mw&m;rsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;[lonf

1/ vufurf;BudKqdkjcif;jyK&ef vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;

2/ ,HkMunf&efjzpfonfh xdkyk*¾dKvftaMumif; or®mw&m;

xdkyk*¾dKvftm;vdkufum touf½Sifjcif; yHkpHwpfck

atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/

/yHkpH ( TUPOS)

tupos pum;vHk;oHk;EIef;yHk trsKd;rsKd;½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/

Moulton ESifh Milligan wdkU\ The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, p. 645 ü (u) erlem (pattern)

(c) pDrHudef; (plan)

(*) yHkpH (odkU) pma&;[ef (form or manner of writing)

(C) pD&ifcsuf (0g) qHk;jzwfcsuf

(i) a&m*gaysmufuif;apaom ewfbk&m;wpfyg;tm; t"dXgefjyKum ay;vSLjcif;tjzpf vlom;\ udk,fcE¨merlem

(p) Oya' (law - ynwfawmf) qdkif&mtcsufrsm;tm; twnfjyK&ef oHk;onfhBud,m

2/ Louw ESifh Nide wdkU\ Greek – English Lexion, vol. 2, p. 249 (u) trm½Gwf (a,m[ef 20;25)

(c) ½kyfwkqif;wk (wref 7;43)

(*) yHkpH (a[NAJ 8;5)

(C) Oyrm? om"u (1aum 10;6/ zd 3;17)

(i) rlvyHkpH (a&mr 5;14) (p) trsKd;tpm; (wref 23;25)

(q) yg0ifaomt&mrsm; (wref 23;25)

3/ Harold K. Moulton \The Analytical Greek Lexion Revised, p. 411 (u) xdk;ESufcsuf? wHqdyfcwfESdyfjcif;? trSwftom; (aum 20;25) (c) tao;pdwfcs,frIef;jcif; (*) ½kyfwkwpfck (wref 7;43) (C) yHkaoenf; (udef;) wpfck? MuHpnfcsufwpfck (a&mr 6;17) (i) yHkpH? qdkvdkcsuf (wref 23;25) (p) toGifo@mef? tazmftzuf (1aum 10;6) (q) BudKwifíjyKaomtoGifo@mef? trsKd;tpm; (a&mr 5;14/ 1aum 10;11) (Z) erlemyHkpH (wref 7;44/ a[NAJ 8;5) (ps) udk,fusihfw&m;erlem (zd 3;17/ 1ouf 3;7/ 2ouf 3;9/ 1wd 4;12/ 1ay 5;3) þusrf;ydk'ftwGuf txufyg#ps rSmtaumif;qHk;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ü Mo0g'ESifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHoabm ESpfrsKd;pvHk;oabmyg0ifonf/ c&pfawmftxJ tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom u,fwif jcif;onf c&pfawmfuJhodkU touf½Sifjcif;udkvnf; awmif;qdkonf!

6;18 ]]tjypfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHcJhMuNyD}}/ ¤if;onf AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf c&pfawmfvkyfonfhtvkyfrSwqifh 0dnmOfawmf\udk,fpm;vS,f vkyfaqmifrItm; jzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;udk vGwfajrmufaponf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf tjypf\'PfrSvGwfajrmufapjcif; (ajzmifhrwf apjcif;)ESifh tjypf\ pdk;rdk;rIrS vGwfajrmufapjcif; ESpfrsKd;pvHk; &½SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ (oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;? ti,f 7 ESifh wpfaeUaomtcgusvQif olwdkUonf tjypf½Sdae&mt&yfrSf vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ (bkef;BuD;apjcif;? 8;29-30)/



]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm; jzpfvmMu\}} / ¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; ]]oifwdkU onf ajzmifhrwfjcif;\aus;uRefrsm;jzpfapjcif; cHMu&NyD;jzpfonf}}[líjzpf\/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 1;17 üMunfhyg/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk tapcH&eftvdkUiSg tjypfrSvGwfajrmufMuNyDjzpfonf! (14?

19? 22/ 7;4/ 8;2)/ tcrJhaus;Zl;awmf\yef;wdkifrSm bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom toufwmjzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfap jcif;rSm w&m;Oya'qdkif&m xkwfazmfausnmcsufenf;wl? vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;½Sdap&ef wGef;tm; vnf;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkUudk u,fwifjcif;&½Sdapvdkum? tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; xdawGU apvdkonf! aus;Zl;awmfonf ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;\u,fwifjcif;ESifh tqHk;owfjcif;rjyKacs/ (róJ 28;1820/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/ 6;19 ]]oifwdkU\ ZmwdyuwdOmPfenf;yg;ojzifh igonf vl\a0g[m&jzifh ajymaejcif;jzpfonf}} aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU½Sd ,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkon rdrdMum;cJhonfh a'oEÅ&jyoem (*sL;,HkMunf olrsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd; ,HkMunfolrsm;tMum; remvdkrI) taMumif;ajymjcif;avm? odkUwnf;r[kwf ,HkMunfol tm;vHk;ESifhqdkifaom or®mw&m;wpf&yftm; twnfjyKajymaejcif;avm? aygvkonf þpum;pkudk apmapmüvnf; *vmwd 3;15 rSm enf;wl a&mr 3;5 üoHk;cJhonf/ tcef;i,f 19 onf tcef;i,f 16 ESifh qifwljzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m t"dutcsufrsm;udk tav;teufjyK&ef xyfrHí azmfjyavh½Sdwwfonf/ odkUaomf ]]oifwdkU\ZmwdyuwdOmPf enf;aomaMumifh}}[kqdk&mü þteufjyefjcif;ESifh udkufnDjcif;r½Sdacs/ uRefpHepfudk txl;ojzifha&mrNrdKUü yxr&mpkESpf vlUtzGJUtpnf;ü tqdk;rjrifcJhMuacs/ ¤if;rSm xdkacwfumv\ omrefxHk;wrf;pOfvm wpf&yfom vQifjzpfonf/



]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 üMunfhyg/



]]oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;udk jzpfyGg;ap/}} ¤if;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;\yef;wdkifjzpfonf/ (i,f 22)/ "r®opf usrf;onf þa0g[m&udk u,fwifjcif;qdkif&m "r®oabmt"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/

1/ &yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefU½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifjzpfNyD; (yuwdwnf ½Sdaomt"dyÜg,f) u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcsdefü c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ajzmifhrwfapjcif; ESifhtwlay;onf/ (wref 26;18/ 1aum 1;2/ 6;11/ {zuf 5;26-27/ 1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf 2;13/ a[NAJ 10;10/ 13;12/ 1ay 1;2)/

2/ qufvufjzpfay:aom oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onfvnf; oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfrS wqifhbk&m;ocif\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/,HkMunfol\toufwmonfoefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf tm;jzifh c&pfawmf\o@mefESifh&ifhusufrIqDodkU ajymif;vJapjcif;cH&onf/ (yuwdwnf½Sdaom t"dyÜg,fjzpfonf/ 2aum 7;1/ 1ouf 4;3? 7/ 1wd 2;15/ 2wd 2;21/ a[NAJ 12;10? 14) xl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif; - 6;4 üMunfhyg/ oefU½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;onf vufaqmifESifhapcdkif;jcif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonf! ¤if;rSm &yfwnfjcif;ESifh vkyf aqmifrI(touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH) ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpfonf! ¤if;onfINDICATIVE (tjzpfrSefwpfcktm; azmfjyjcif;)ESifh

IMPERATIVE (apcdkif;jcif;)jzpfonf! ¤if;onf tpjyKcsdefü a&muf½SdvmonfrSefaomfvnf; tqHk;owfüom jynfhpHk&ifhusufonf/ (zd 1;6/ 2;12-13)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 6;20-23 20oifwdkUonf tjypfw&m;\uRefjzpfcJhMupOf? ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ESifh uif;vGwfMu\/ 21xdkU aMumifh ,ckoifwdkU½SufMu&onfh xdkt&mrsm;xJ r nfonfhtusKd;aus;Zl;&cJhMuoenf;/ taMumif;rl um; xdkt&mrsm;aMumifh jzpfvmonfht&mrSm aojcif;jzpf\/ 22odkUaomf ,ckürl tjypfw&m;rS vGwf

205

ajrmufum? bk&m;ocif\uRefjzpfvmjcif;aMumifh oifwdkU&½Sdonfh tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm oefU½Sif;apjcif; jzpfNyD;? ¤if;onf xm0&toufjzpfaponf/ 23taMumif;rlum; tjypf\tcrS m aojcif;w&m;jzpfaomf vnf;? bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifrSm igwdkU\ ocifc&pfawmfa,½ItxJu xm0&toufjzpf ownf;/

6;20-21/ ¤if;onf ti,f 18 ESifh 19 wdkU\qefUusifbuftm; ½dk;½dk;av; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol rsm;onf ocifwpfOD;wnf;udkom tapcHEkdifonf/ (vkum 16;13) 6;22-23/ þtcef;i,frsm;onf wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; oltapcH&molu qyfay;onfh qufvufjzpfay:aom tcrsm;udk azmfjyonf/ tjypftaMumif; þaqG;aEG;rIESifh aus;Zl;awmfukdpl;pdkufaom,HkMunfol\ tqHk;owf wdkUaMumifh bk&m;ociftm;aus;Zl;wifonf! tpyxrü igwdkU\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIrS&aomu,fwifjcif; vufaqmifjzpfNyD;? ¤if; aemufüvdkufvmaom c&pf,meftoufwmonfvnf;? igwdkY\yl;aygif;yg0ifrIrSjzpf vmonf/ ESpfckpvHk;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhaemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh vufcH&½Sdaomvufaqmifrsm;jzpfonf/

6;22 ]]oifwdkY&½Sdonfh tusKd;aus; Zl;rSm oefY½Sif;apjcif;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;onf xm0&toufjzpfaponf/}} ]]tusKd;}}qdkonfrSm trSeftm;jzifh ti,f 21 üoHk;onfh ]]toD;}}-fruit yifjzpfNyD;? tjypf\tusKd;qufudk ajymjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ti,f 22 ürl bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&mrS jzpfvmaomtusKd;qufrsm;udk ajymjcif; jzpfonf/ ,ckvwfwavmtusKd;aus;Zl;rSm ,HkMunfolonf c&pfawmfESifhwlvmjcif;jzpfonf/ tqHk;pGefaom tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm ocifbk&m;ESifhwlae&jcif;ESifh? olESifhxm0&wlnDjcif;jzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;2)/vwfwavm tusKd;&vm'fr½Sdygu (ajymif;vJaomtoufwm-Oyrm ,mukyf 2) tqHk;pGefaom&v'fudk w&m;0ifar;cGef; xkwfEkdifonf/(xm0&touf róJ 7)/ ]]toD;roD;ygu? tjrpfrygíjzpfonf/}}

6;23 ¤if;rSm þtcef;BuD;ajcmufwpfckvHk;\ tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ aygvkonf a½G;cs,f&rnfht&mudk aq;tjzLtrJ okwfjyxm;onf/ a½G;cs,f&rnfrSm uRefawmfwdkYjzpfonf/ tjypfESifhaojcif;avm (0g) c&pfawmf tm;jzifh tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfESifh xm0&toufavm? ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu ynmqdkifusrf;rsm;xJ azmfjyonfh ]]vrf;ESpfvrff;}}ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/ (w&m; 30;1-17/ qm 1/ okwåH 4/ 10-19/ róJ 7;1314)

 ]]tjypf\tc}} tjypfudk vlyk*¾dKvfuJhodk wifpm;azmfjyyHkwdkYrSm (1) uRefydkif½SifwpfOD; (2) ppfAdkvfcsKyfBuD; wpfOD; odkYr[kwf (3) tbdk;tcrsm;ay;tyfonfh bk&ifBuD;wpfyg;wdkYjzpfonf/ (3;9/ 5;21/ 6;9? 14? 17)/ ]]bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifrSm...xm0&toufjzpfonf}} ]]tcrJhvufaqmif}}tjzpf bmomjyefaom (charisma)rSm aus;Zl;awmfpum;vHk; (charis)rSvmjcif;jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;rSm aus;Zl;awmfpum;vHk;rSvm jcif;jzpfonf/ ( 3;24/ 5;15? 16? 17/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ 3;24 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pm tm;? rdrdudk,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm; onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh

oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf; a&;om;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\ þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/

1/ aumif;aomtvkyf (aumif;rIukodkvf)rsm;onf u,fwifjcif;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;? ({zuf 2;89? 10)

2/ ,HkMunfolwpfa,muf qufvufítjypfvkyfaejcif;onf u,fwifjcif;ESi rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;? (1a,m 13;6?9)

3/ þtcef;BuD;ü ]]tjypfuif;pifaompHkvifjynfh0jcif;}}taMumif; oGefoifxm;ygovm;?

4/ tcef;BuD; 6onf tcef;BuD; 5ESi 7 wdkYESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;?

5/ a&ESpfr*FvmtaMumif; þae&mü rnfodkYaqG;aEG;oenf;?

6/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\obm0a[mif;(arG;&mygADZ)qufvuf½SdaeMuovm;? tb,faMumifhenf;?

7/ ti,f 1-14 twGif; ,ckypöKyÜefumvtaMumif; azmfjyonfhpum;vHk;rsm; vTrf;rdk;aeum? ti,f 1523twGif; NyD;pD;cJhNyD;jzpfaomt&m taMumif;ajymonfhpum;vHk;rsm; vTrf;rdk;aejcif;onf rnfonfht&m udkqdkvdkygoenf;?

acwfopf bmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; tydkif;vkdufcGJjcif;

UBS4 NKJV NRSV TEV NJB xdrf;jrm;jcif;ESifh ynwfw&m;rS xdrf;jrm;jcif;ESifh

xdrf;jrm;jcif;ESifh c&pf,mefonf tvm;wljcif; vGwfajrmuf tvm;wljcif; ½Sif;jyjcif; ynwfw&m;\ uRefjyKjcif;rS vGwfajrmuf 7;1-6 7;1-6 7;1-3 7;1-6 7;1-6 txJü½Sdaom tjypfonfynwf ynwfw&m;awmf ynwfw&m;ESifh ynwfw&m; tjypf\jyóem w&m;aMumifhtcGifh& ESifhtjypf tjypf awmftvkyf vkyfyHk 7;7-12 7;7-12 7;7-12 7;7-11 7;7-8 7;12-13 7;12-13 ynwfw&m;onf tjypfrS ru,fEdkif 7;13-25 7;13-25 7;13 twGif;wdkufyGJ vlxJuwdkufyGJ twGif;ydkif; ½kef;uefrI 7;14-20 7;14-20 7;14-20 7;21-25 7;21-25 7;21-23 7;24-25 7;25 7;25 7;25

ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhoHk; (pm xi Munfh) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'ftvdkuf&nf½G,fcsufudkem;vnfjcif; ¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufjyef&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmuf oGm;&efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkUrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf; tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\ taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmydk'f

wwd, pmydk'f

... pojzifh

usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;/ ti,f 1-6tm;

u/ tcef;BuD;&tm; teufjyef&efrSm

1/ tcef;BuD; 6 txl;ojzifh ti,f 12-14tm; em;vnf&yHkudk tajcjyK&ef (3;20? 21-31/ 4;13-16/ 5;20)

2/ tcef;BuD; 9-11ü awGY&onfha&mrNrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfolwpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh ,HkMunf ol*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;tMum; jzpfay:cJhaomwif;rmrIESifhvnf; qufpyf&efjzpfonf/ xdkjyóem\ oabmobm0tppftrSefudk aocsmrod&acs/ jzpfEkdifonfrSm u/ arma½S\ynwfw&m; tajccHonfh ynwfw&m;0g' c/ *sL;bmom0ifrsm;u c&pfawmfxuf arma½Stm; ydkítav;xm;jcif; */ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf rnfokdYt"dyÜg,f½SdyHkudk em;vnfrIvTJrSm; jcif; C/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh"r®opfusrf;\ qufpyfrItm; em;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif; i/ a&mrNrdKUtwGif; *sL;bmoma&;tcef;tem;tm;vHk; &yfwHhaponfh tifyg,m½Sif\trdefY awmfumv twGif; toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrIü tpm;xdk;0ifa&mufvmonfh wpfyg;trsKd; om;rsm;tay: *sL;vl rsKd;acgif;aqmifrsm;\ remvdkrI/ xdkpOfu ,HkMunfol*sL;trsm;tjym;vnf; a&mrNrdKUrS xGufcGgoGm; jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/

c/ a&mr 7;1-6ü c&pf,mefESifhol\toufwma[mif; qufpyfrItaMumif; wifpm;aompum;rsm;jzifh qufvufazmfjyonf/ toHk;jyKaomwifpm;rIrsm;rSm

1/ aoqHk;jcif;ESihf tjcm;aomociftwGuf uReftjzpfrS vGwfajrmufjcif; (tcef;BuD; 6) 2/ aoqHk;jcif;ESifh xdef;jrm;jcif;qdkif&m 0wå&m;rsm;rS vGwfajrmufjcif; (tcef;BuD; 7)

*/ tcef;BuD; 6ESifh7 wdkYrSm pmvmtwdkif; qifwljzpfonf/ tcef;BuD; 6onf ,HkMunfolESifh ]]tjypf}}\ qufpyfrItaMumif;ajymum? tcef;BuD; 7onf ,HkMunfolESifh ]]ynwfw&m;}}\qufpyfrIudk ajymyg onf/ aojcif;onf uRefwpfa,muftm;vGwfajrmufapjcif;ESifh(6;12-23)vlwpfa,mufaoqHk;onfhtcg xdef;jrm;jcif;\csKyfaESmifrIrS vGwfajrmufoGm;yHk (7;1-6) wdkYrSm qifwljzpfonf/

ynwfw&m;ESifh

¤if;\tqdktrdefYrsm;onf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk; ynwfw&m;vuf atmufü jypf'PfpD&ifcH&onf/ (a&mr 6;14/ 7;4/ *v 3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)/ arma½S\ ynwfw&m;rSm usdefqJjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf!

i/ tcef;BuD; 7tm; teufjyefyHk t"duav;rsKd;cefY½Sdonf/

1/ aygvkonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (tw¬KyÜwåd)

2/ vlom;tm;vHk; udk,fpm;jyKajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (udk,fpm;jyKjcif;-Chysostom)

3/ tm'H\tawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (Theodore of Mobsuetia)

4/ tpöa&;\tawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ p/ a&mr 7 onf urÇmOD; 3ESifhrsm;pGmwlonf/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocifESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD;olrsm;udkyif awmfvSefykefuefrIonf atmufodkYqGJcsaMumif; jyoonf/ todynmonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udk rvGwfajrmufapEkdifacs/ bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfESifh topf aom0dnmOfuomvQif ¤if;udk wwfpGrf;Ekdifonf/ (y#dnmOfw&m;opf? a,&rd 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;2627)/ ¤if;aemufydkif;üyif qufvuf½kef;uefí oGm;&ygonf/ (6;12? 19/ 1aum 6;10-19/ {zuf 6;1018)! pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 7;1-3 1odkYwnf;r[kwf nDtpfudkwdkY? ynwfw&m;onf vludkolt ouf½Sifaeoa½GYom pD&ifydkifcGifh½Sd onfudk rodMuoavm/ (ynwfw&m;awmfukd odolrsm;tm; igajymjcif;jzpfonf) 2taMumif;rlum;? vif½Sdaomrdef;rudk ynwfw&m;onf olYviftouf½Sifa epOfüom csnfaESmifonf/ odkYaomf olYvif aoygu? olYvifESifhqdkif aomy nwfw&m;rS olronf vGwfajrmuf\/ 3odkYjzpfí olYviftouf½Sif aepOf tjcm;a,musfm;ESifhaygif;ygu olrudk arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k ac:Muvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf olYvifaovQifrl? tjcm;a,musfm;ESifhaygif;aomfvnf; arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k rac:&bJ? ynwf w&m;rSvGwfajrmuf\/

7;1 (ynwfw&m;awmfudk odolrsm ;tm; igajymjcif;jzpfonf) ¤if;u &nfnTef;EdkifonfrSm

1/ ,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd;rsm;udkomvQif

2/ a&mrtoif;awmfxJ ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; yXdyu©

3/ vlom;tm;vHk; wpfpkwpfpnf;wnf; ajymonfenf;wl ynwfw&m;tm; a,bk,stm;jzifhajymjcif; (2;14-15)

4/ rdrdwdkY\topfaom,HkMunfjcif;taMumif; "r®a[mif;usrf;rS oif,l&mü yg0ifonfhwyg;trsKd; om; ,HkMunfoltopfrsm; (ar;? ajzpHepfjzifh oifMum;jcif;? 6;17)

]]ynwfw&m;}}/ ¤if;rSm þtcef;BuD;\t"du OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1? 2? 4? 5? 6...pojzifh) odkYaomf aygvkonf xdka0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzifhoHk;onf/ (obm0ed,r? arma½S\ynwådusrf;? vlrIa&;Oya'orsm;)/ aygvk\aqG;aEG;rIrSm 6;14udk tajccHjcif;jzpfyHk&onf/ ol\wifjyyHkrSm tcef;BuD; 6ESifhqifwljzpfaeonf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&jcif; ]]*}} üMunfhyg/ arma½S\ynwfw&m;

onf c&pfawmftxJu y#dnmOfw&m;topfESifh rnfodkYqufpyfyHkudkvnf; 3;21-31ESifh 4;13-16wdkYü aqG;aEG; xm;ygonf/ 

NASB ]]ynwfw&m;onf vludk oltouf½Sifaeoa½GYom pD&ifydki fcGifh½Sdonf/}}

NKJV ]]ynwfw&m;onf vludk oltouf½Sifaeoa½GYom tkyfpd k;onf}}

NRSV ]]ynwfw&m;onf vltay:ü xdkoltouf½SifaepOf üom twnfjzpfonf}}

TEV ]]ynwfw&m;onf vludkoltouf½Sifaeoa½GUom tkyfcs Kyfonf}}

NJB ]]ynwfw&m;onf vlwpfa,muftm; xdkoltouf½Si faepOfüom tusKd;oufa&mufonf}}

¤if;\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]ocifvkyfonf}}(kurieuo 6;9? 14)[líjzpf\/ arma½S\ynwfw&m;onf BuD;rm; aomaumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpfonfenf;wl (qmvH 19/ 119)aMumufrufzG,f&m usdefqJjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ (*v 3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)/ cE¨mudk,faoqHk;onfhtcg ynwfw&m;ay: 0wå&m;vnf;&yfpJonf/ ,HkMunfolonf tjypfüaoqHk;oljzpfaMumif;ESifhqdkifí tcef;BuD; 6ü þwifpm;rIrsKd;udkyifoHk;onf/ 7;2 ]]vif½Sdrdef;r}}/ ¤if;udk ti,f 1-6twGif; Oyrmay;um ½Sif;vif;&mü aygvkt"duoHk;onf/tcef;BuD; 6 ü olonfvlwpfa,mufaoqHk;onfhtcg aus;uReftjzpfrS &yfpJoGm;jcif;tm; Oyrmtjzpf,lonf/ þae&mü xdef;jrm;jcif;ESifh ¤if;\0wå&m;rsm;ay: qifjcifrIjyKonf/ þae&mü usef&pfolrkqdk;rjyefí xdrf;jrm;jcif;jyKEdkif &ef olYvifaojcif;tm; Oyrmxm;um ½Sif;vif;jcif;rSm ajymif;jyefjzpfonf/ ¤if;ESifhqifwltjzpf aygvkazmfjy onfrSm ,HkMunfolrSm aoqHk;oljzpfojzifh bk&m;ociftwGu touf½Sifonf[líjzpf\/

]]olronf vGwfajrmuf\/}} ¤if;onf 6;6u Bud,mESifhtwlwlyifjzpfum ]]rvIyfr½Sm;EkdifatmifjyKonf}} ]]toHk;r&jzpfoGm;aponf}} odkYr[kwf ]]tvkyfrvkyfEdkifatmifjyKonf}}[líjzpf\/ ¤if;rSm 6;6ü AORIST PASSIVE jzpfNyD;? þae&mürl PERFECT PASSIVEjzpfum t"dyÜg,frSm]]vGwfajrmufapjcif;cHcJhNyD;? qufvuf vGwfajrmufapjcif; cHonf}}[líjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 3;3üMunfhyg/

7;3]]olrudk arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k ac:Muvdrfhrnf}}/ ¤if;onf w&m;a[m 24;1-4 tay: ShammaiESifh Hillelac:*sL;usrf;pmausmif;awmfESpfrsKd;\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIESifh qufpyfonf/ txl;ojzifh ]]tcsKdUaomrzG,f r&mrIrsm;}}ESifhqdkifíjzpfonf/ Hillel ausmif;awmfonf rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifhjzpfap vifr,m;uGm½Sif;rI tm; cGifhjyKay;onfhacwfopf (liberal)tkyfpkjzpfonf/ Shammai ausmif;awmfrSmrl a½SY½dk;qefaomtkyfpk (Conservative) jzpfNyD; vifr,m;uGm½Sif;rItm; vdifrIudpö azgufjyefrIudpö&yfrsm;tm;jzifhomcGifhjyKonf/ (róJ 5;32/ 19;9)/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 7;4-6 4xdkYaMumifh nDtpfudkwdkY oifwdk Yonfvnf; tjcm;aomolwnf;[laom aojcif;rSxajrmufaom olESifhaygif;zufí? bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;E kdifrnftaMumif;? c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh ynwfw&m;ü aoqHk;Mu\/ 5taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf Zm wdtaoG;tom;ü ynwfw&m;onf tjypfESifhqdkifaom jyif;xefonfhpdwftvdkqE´rsm; udkvIHYaqmfí? igwdkY\udk,ft*Fgrsm;txJü tvkyfvkyf um? aojcif;w&m;toD;udkoD;aponf/ 6odkYaomf ,ckürlum; usrf;a[mif;w&m;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? topfaom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh tapcHjcif;iSg? i gwdkYonf aocJhMuNyDjzpfí? igwdkYtm; csnfaESmifaom ynwfw&m;rS vGwfajrmufMu\/

7;4]]oifwdkYonfvnf;...aoqHk;Mu\}}/ ¤if;rSm þpmydk'f (ESifhtcef;BuD; 6)\t"duOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tcef;BuD; 6 ü c&pf,mefrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifh]]twloN*ØKvfcHjcif;(6;4)ESifh}} vuf0g;uyfwkdifay: twltaocHjcif;(6;6)aMumifh (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20) tjypfw&m;ü aoqHk;cJhMujcif;ESifh tvm;wlNyD; qufpyfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmf\ þacwfumvtopfü (2aum 5;17) c&pfawmftxJ topfzefqif;aom owå0grsm;jzpfMuonf/ (6;4\rSwfcsuftjynfhtpHküMunfhyg)/ ESpfjcif;r*Fvmonf acwfumvta[mif;? vla[mif;ESifhacwfumvtopf? vlopfwdkYtMum; e,fedrdwfowfrSwfvdkufonf/ 

]]c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh}}/ ¤if;onf toif;awmfrSm c&pfawmf\udk,fcE¨mjzpfonf[laom "r®w&m; qdkif&mtvdktm; &nfnTef;jcif;r[kwfbJ(1aum 12;12? 27) 6;3-11ü azmfjyouJhodkY c&pfawmf\½kyfcE¨mudk,f udknTef;ygonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf a&ESpfr*Fvmtm;jzifh c&pfawmfESifh rdrdxyfwljyKvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh? c&pfawmftaocHcJhpOf? olESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhNyDjzpfonf/ c&pfawmfaoqHk;jcif;onf? olwdkY\aoqHk;jcif;jzpf onf/ (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20)/ c&pfawmf\jyef½Sifaomtoufonf olwdkYtm; vGwfajrmufapNyD;? ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifESifh tjcm;olrsm;tm; tapcH&efjzpfonf/

]]igwdkYonf bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;EkdifrnftaMumif;/}} ¤if;onfvnf; tcef;BuD; 6? txl;ojzifh 6;22 ESifhqifwlonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkYonf c&pfawmfü rdrdudk,frdrd csnfaESmifEdkif&ef? c&pfawmftm;jzifh ,ck vGwfajrmufMuNyDjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf xdrf;jrm;NyD;aemuf qufvufaygif;azmfMujcif;ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ c&pfawmfonf olwdkYtwGuf taocHonfenf;wl olwdkYonf ,cktcg tjypfüaoqHk;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;13-14/ *v 2;20)/ c&pfawmfjyefxonfenf;wl? olwdkYonfvnf; bk&m;ocifudkvnf;aumif; (a&mr 6;22/ {zuf 2;5-6) tcsif;csif;udkvnf;aumif; (1a,m 3;16) tapcHEkdifMuap&ef 0dnmOfa&;&mtopf aomb0jzifh jyefxMuonf/

7;5

NASB ]]taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom;ü ½SdcJhMucdkufwGif}}

NKJV ]]taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom;ü½Sd pOfwGif}}

NRSV ]]igwdkYonf ZmwdtaoG;tom;ü touf½SifaecJhMuc kdufwGif}}

TEV ]]taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\vlom; obm0ESifhtnD touf½SifcJhMupOfwGif}}

NJB ]]igwdkYrajymif;vJrDu}} þti,fonf ti,f 4ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ti,f 4onf ,HkMunfolwpfa,muf\ tawGYtMuHKudk ti,f 6rSmenf;wl ajymjyonf/ ti,f 5onf bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfrygaom touf\ toD;taMumif; ½Sif;vif;a&;om;onf/ (*v 5;18-24)/ ynwfw&m;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; olwdkY\ tjypfudkazmfjyaomfvnf; (i,f 7-9/ *v 3;23-25) ¤if;tm; atmifjrifEkdif&ef tpGrf;wefcdk;ray;acs/ usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh od&onfrSm þpum;pkrSm ,HkMunfolonf tm'HrS tarGqufcH&½Sd onfh usqif;aomtjypf½Sdjcif; ADZoabmudk &nfnTef;onf/ (i,f 6;19)/ aygvku aoG;om;Zmwdqdkonfh ]] sarx}}a0g[m&tm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aomt"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzifhoHk;&m (1) tjypfobm0 (vla[mif;)ESifh (2) ½kyfudk,f cE¨m(1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5)jzpfonf/ þae&mü tysufoabmaqmifaomfvnf; a&mr 1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3?5/ *v 2;20wdkYudk rSwfom;yg/ udk,fcE¨monf (sarx/soma)olYoabmESifhol qdk;npfonfr[kwfaomf vnf; ¤if;onf vl\pdwfuJhodkY qdk;npfaom ,ckuyfumvtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkY &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufMu&m ppfajrjyifjzpfonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m&tm; *&dpmayoabmjzifhroHk;bJ?*&dbmom

jyef"r®a[mif;usrf; (Septuagint)\oHk;EIef;yHkudkvdkufíoHk;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om;Zmwd (sarx)1;3/

]]ynwfw&m;onf...vIHYaqmfí}}? csKyfcs,frIrSeforQ twif;t"r®wkHYjyefavh½Sdaomvlom;\ awmfvSefykefuef wwfonfh þobm0udk urÇmOD; 3ESifhvlom;tm;vHk;ü ½Sif;vif;pGmawGY&onf/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf e,fedrdwfrsm; owfrSwfvdkufonf/ (i,f 7-8)/ xdke,fedrdwfrsm;rSm vlom;tm; umuG,f&efjzpfaomfvnf;? vlom;onf ¤if;wdkYudk csnfaESmifrIESifhuefYowfrIrsm;tjzpf ½Ijrifonf/ tjypfygaomvGwfvyfonfh pdwf0dnmOf udk bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfu vIHUaqmfEId;qGay;onf/ jyóemrSm tuefYtowfrsm;r[kwfbJ (i,f 12-13) vl\rdrdudk,frdrd tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhtwåpdwfjzpfonf/

]]aojcif;w&m; toD;udkoD;aponf}} tvGefjyif;xefaomqefYusifbufjzpfonf/

1/ i,f 5 -bk&m;ociftwGuf toD;oD;onf/

2/ i,f 6 - aojcif;w&m;toD;udk oD;aponf/

,HkMunfolrsm;onf aojcif;w&m;? tjypfw&m;ESif ynwfw&m;awmfwdkYü aoqHk;cJhNyD;olrsm;jzpfum? ,cktcg bk&m;ocif\EdkifiHawmftwGuf toD;oD;&ef touf½SifaeMuonf! aygvkonf tjzLESifhtrJuJhodkY ay:vGifpGm aq;a&mifjc,fjyay;onf/ (8;2 \rSwfcsufuJhodkY y#dyu©oabmaqmifaomfvnf; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;[kwf rSefaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf-para doxical) vlwpfa,mufonf tkyfpkESpfpkjzpfonfh tm'H\tkyfpk(0g) a,½I\tkyfpkteuf wpfckckjzpfonf/ (5;12-21)/ a,½Iü½Sdaeolrsm;onf vGwfajrmufonf/ csnfaESmifonfh t&mr½SdbJ? topfjzpfMuonf/ (*v 2;19-20)! ¤if;txJ qufvufavQmufvSrf;yg! arGYavsmfyg!

7;6 ]]odkYaomf ,ckürlum;}} Newman and Nida wdkY\ A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Romans ac:pmtkyfxJü pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m rSwfcsufwpfckawGY&onf/ ]]ti,f 5ESifh6wdkY tvm;wljzpfaeMuyHkESifh? ¤if;wdkYESifh wpfqufwnf;azmfjyaomt&mwdkYESifh qufpyfrI tm;od½Sd&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ ti,f 5onf c&pf,mefrjzpfrD tawGYtMuHKud a&;om;azmfjyNyD;? ¤if;onf 725ESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/ ti,f 6url bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf acgif;aqmifrIatmuf½Sd ,HkMunfjcif; toufwmudk azmfjyNyD;? 8;1-11ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ (p. 130)

]]vGwfajrmufMu\/}} ¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf IMPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonfh ti,f 5 ESifhqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ynwfw&m;awmfxJ azmfjy xm;onfhtwdkif; tjypf\csnfaESmifrI qufpyfcHMuonfrSefaomfvnf; {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;jzifh 0dnmOf awmfonf olwdkYudk vGwfajrmufapcJhNyDjzpf\/þpum;vHk;udkyif ti,f 2 ½Sd vifa,musfm;aoqHk;cJhol rdef;rESifh qdkifíoHk;onf/

]]aocJhMuNyDjzpfí...igwkdYtm; csnfaESmifaom}} ¤if;onf AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfum?

IMPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE wpfckvdkufvmonf/ bk&m;ocifon ,HkMunfolrsm;ukd c&pfawmftao cHjcif;tm;jzifh vGwfajrmufaponfrSm

1/ "r®a[mif;\usdefqJrIrS

2/ ¤if;wdkY\tjypfjynfhaomtwGif; twåoabmrS olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifzGifhjyxm;onfh tvdkawmftm; qefYusifykefuefrI? usqif;aomrdrdwdkY\obm0?

rdrdwdkYwpfOD;csif;\tjypfrsm;ESifh

obm0xuf vGefuJaompHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;wdkY\csnfaESmifrI qufvufcH pm;Muonf/ ({zuf 2;2-3)



]]topf...ta[mif;}} þ0dnmOfvrf;opfonf y#dnOfw&m;opftm; &nfnTef;aeonfESifhwl\/(a,& 31;31 -34/ a,Z 36;22-32)/ *&da0g[m& ]]topf}} (koinos-kainotes)udk aygvkoHk;onfrSm

1/ toufwmopf? a&mr 6;4 (6;4\rSwfcsufüMunfh&ef)

2/ 0dnmOfawmftopf? a&mr 7;6

3/ y#dnmOfw&m;topf? 1aum 11;2/ 2aum 3;6

4/ topfaomzefqif;jcif; (owå0g)? 2aum 5;17/ *v 6;15

5/ vlopf ? { 2;15/ 4;24

]]a[mif;}}qdkaoma0g[m&onf arma½S\ynwfw&m;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfNyD;]]vHk;0a[mif;EGrf;onf}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ aygvkon a[NAJMo0g'pm a&;om;olenf;wl (8;7ESifh13) y#dnmOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh y#dnmOfw&m;topfwdkYtm; EIdif;,SOfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ 

NASB, NKJV ]]topfaom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh tapcH&ef}}

NRSV ]]igwdkYonf pmjzifha&;aomw&m;Oya'a[mif;\uRef rcH&bJ? topfaom0dnmOftm;jzifh}}

TEV ]]odkYaomf 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;opfjzifh}}

NJB ]]topfaom0dnmOfenf;vrf;jzifh tapcH&ef vGwfajrmufMu\}}

¤if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm ]]0dnmOftopfü}}-in newness of spirit jzpfonf/ topfarG;zGm;aom vlom;\0dnmOf(0g)oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOf b,f[mjzpfaMumif; raocsmay/ t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkurl oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfukdnTef;um pmvHk;BuD;jzihfa&;Muonf/ ¤if;udk a&mr 8 xJü (15Budrf)awGY½Sd&mü 'Gd[ jzpf&m azmfjyrIrsm;teuf yxrqHk;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOf -[laoma0g[m&onf owif;aumif;ESifh0dnmOf awmf\ jyefvnfarG;zGm;apjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jznfhqnf;jcif; &½Sdxm;aomvlom;\0dnmOfukd &nfnTef;Edkifonf/ þa&mr Mo0g'pmxJu usrf;csufrsm;rSm a&mr 1;4? 9/ 2;29/ 7;6/ 8;15/ 11;8/ 12;11/ 1aum 2;11/ 4;21/ 5;3? 4? 5/ 7;34/ 14;15? 16? 32/ 16;18/ aygvka&;om;aompmrsm;ü ]]aoG;om;^Zmwd}}(flesh)ESifh]]0dnmOf}}-spirit wdkYtm; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom pOf;pm;jcif;ESifh touf½Sifjcif;wdkYtm; EIdif;,SOfazmfjy&mü oHk;avh½Sdonf/ (7;14/ 8;4/ *v 3;3/ 5;16? 17? 25/ 6;8)bk&m;ocifrygaom ½kyfcE¨mtoufrSm ]](flesh)}}-aoG;om;^Zmwdjzpf(txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3ü Munfh&ef)aomfvnf;? bk&m;ociftm;jzifhjzpfaomtoufrSm 0dnmOf-spirit/Spirit jzpfonf/ txJüusdef;0yfol oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf (8;9? 11),HkMunftm; c&pfawmftxJü topfzefqif;aomowå0gtjzpfodkY ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ (&yfwnfcsufESifh tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh) a&mr 7;7-25tm; usrf;pum;tqufpyfjzihf em;vnf&jcif;/

u/ a&mr 7;7-25onf vlom;wpfa,muf\ZmwdrSefudk azmfjyonf/ u,fwifjcif;&onfjzpfap aysmufqHk; aeoljzpfap vlom;tm;vHk;wdkYonf taumif;tqdk;\y#dyu©tm; rdrdwdkY\avmuESifh rdrdwdkY\pdwfESvHk; rsm;xJ awGYMuHKcHpm;Muonf/ teufzGifhjcif;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rSm]]þusrf;ydk'fudk aygvkrnfuJhodkY em;vnf apcsifoenf;}}? [líjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf usrf;pum;qufpyfrIoabmtm;jzihf 1;18-6;23ESifh 8;1-39 wdkY

ESihfqufpyf&ayrnf/ tcsKdUaomolwdkYonf ¤if;tm;vlom;tm;vHk;udk qdkvdkjcif;tjzpf jrifMuojzihf? Aygvk \tawGYtMuHKtm; OyrmtjzpfjrifMuonf/ þt"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsuftm; ]]tw¬KyÜwådoDtdk&D}}[kac:onf/ aygvkonf ]]ig}}-I tm; vlyk*¾dKvfr[kwfaom t"dyÜg,fjzifh 1aum 13;1-3üoHk;onf/ ]]ig}}tm; vlyk*¾dKvf r[kwfaomoabmjzifh oHk;EIef;jcif;tm; *sL;usrf;wwfq&mBuD;rsm;vnf; toHk;jyKaMumif; taxmuftxm;jy Ekdifonf/ ¤if;twdkif; þae&mü rSefuefcJhrnfqdkvQif þusrf;ydk'frSm vlom;onf tjypfuif;pifjcif;rS tjypfudkem;vnfod½Sdjcif;odkY ul;ajymif;rI (tcef;BuD; 8)tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ ]]udk,fpm;jyKaom oDtdk&D}} (Oyrm Jerome Biblical Commentary, p.312) rnfodkYjzpfap tjcm;olrsm;url þtcef;i,frsm;tm; ,HkMunfolwpfa,muf rdrd\usqif;aomvlom; obm0ESifhaMumufrufbG,f&m tqufrjywf wdkufcdkufrItm; ajymjyjcif;tjzpf jrifMuonf/ (Oyrm Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Karl Barth)ESvHk;uGJxGufavmufaom ti,f 24u atmfoHonf þtwGif;y#dyu©udkazmfjyonf/ ti,f 7-13twGif; AORIST ESifhIMPERFECT Bud,mrsm; vTrf;rdk;aeum ti,f 14-25twGif;ürl PRESENT ESifh PERFECT Bud,mrsm;vTrf;rdk;aeygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]tw¬KyÜwådqdkif&moDtdk&D}} tm;,HkMunfvufcH&rnfhoabmjzpfum? aygvkonf rdrd\tawGYtMuHKjzpfonfh tjypfuif;pifjcif;rSaeum? tjypftm; em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;? ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfaprIcH&jcif;ESifh y#dyu© ESifhjynhfaom qufvufjzpfay:aeonfh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; c&D;vrf;Murf;BuD;tm; ajymjyaejcif;jzpfonf/ (ti,f 25½Sd ]]igudk,fwdkif-autos egŌ) tjrifESpfrsKd;pvHk;vnf; rSefuefEdkifonfomjzpf\/ aygvkonf ti,f 7-13ESifh 25 (c)wdkYü tw¬KyÜwåd oabmajymjcif;jzpfNyD; ti,f 14-25ürl a½G;EIwfu,fwifjcif;&½Sdol vlom;wpf&yfvHk;\ udk,fpm;tjzpf rdrd\twGif;pdwfü tjypfESifhqdkifí ½kef;uefaomtawGYtMuHKtm; ajymjyjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap aygvk onf topfarG;zGm;jcif; r&rD qufuyfonfh*sL;bmoma&;orm;wpfOD;jzpfojzifh þusrf;ydk'fwpfckvHk;tm; ol\aemufcHum;csyfwpfcktjzpfvnf; jrifxm;&ayrnf/ aygvk\tawGYtMuHKrSm aygvkoufoufomvQif jzpfonf/ c/ ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;ygonf/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;rSvmonf/ bk&m;ocif\tMuHtpnftm; onfydk;NyD;? qufvufo,fydk;aeonf/ (7;7? 12? 14? 22? 25/ róJ 5;17-19)/ ¤if;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;^Nidrf oufjcif;(0g)u,fwifjcif; ray;Edkifacs/ (*vmwd 3)/ James Stewart onf rdrd\ A Man in Christ pmtkyfxJ ü qefYusifaeoa,mifjzifh [kwfrSefaomaygvk\ pOf;pm;yHkESihf pma&;[efudk azmfjyonf/ tawG;tjrifESifh Mo0g'enf;pepfwpf&yftm; rdrdudk,fwdkif csrSwfolwpfOD;onf rdrdoHk;onfh a0g[m& rsm;\t"dyÜg,frsm;ukd wwfEkdiforQ wif;usyfpGJNrJpGm oHk;EIef;vdrfhrnf[k obm0tm;jzi arQmfvifhMuayvdrfh rnf/ rdrd\t"du pdwful;rsm;ukd pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh oHk;EIef;azmfjy&mü wdusrI½Sd&ef &nf½G,fvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifh Muayrnf/ oif\pma&;olonf oD;oefYt"dyÜg,fwpfcktwGuf wpfcgoHk;onfhpum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm; wpf avQmufvHk;wpforwfwnf; xdef;xm;oifhonf[kvnf; qdkMuayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf þyHkpHrsKd; aygvkoHk;jcif;½Sd r½SdMunfh&onfrSm pdwfysufp&maumif;vSonf/ ol\pum;vHk;oHk;EIef;yHktrsm;pkrSm wnfNidrfjcif;r½Sd wif;usyfrI uif;rJhonf.../]]ynwfw&m;awmfrSm oefY½Sif;onf/ uREfkyf\twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmfudk ESpfoufygonf}}[k a&;om;aomfvnf; (a&mr 7;12-13)ynwfw&m;\tjcm;rsufESmpmwpfckudkrl oluyif ]]c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtm; ynwfw&m;awmf\usdefqJjcif;rS a½G;EIwfcJhNyD}}[kqdkjyefonf/ (*v 3;13) (pm 26)

*/ ]]aygvkonf ti,f 14-25ü u,fwifjcif;&NyD;oludk ajymjcif;avm(0g)u,fwifjcif;r&oludk ajymjcif; avm}}qdkonfh ar;cGef;twGuf usrf;csuftaxmuftxm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/

1/

u,fwifjcif;r&oltm; &nfnTef;&mtjzpf

u/ ¤if;rSm *&dpum;ajymaomueOD;toif;awmf zcifBuD;rsm;\teufjyefrIjzpfonf/ c/ atmufygpum;pkrsm;onf þtjrifudk tm;ay;onf

(1) ]]igrlum; Zmwdyuwdjzpf\/}} i,f 14

(2) ]]tjypfw&m;vufü uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;cH&\/}} i,f 14

(3) ]]ightxJrSm aumif;aomt&mwpHkwckrQ rwnf½Sd}} i,f 18

(4) ]]ighudk,ft*Fgrsm;ü½Sdaom w&m;wyg;onf...igudk,ft*Fgrsm;ü½Sdaom tjypfw&m;vufodkY ighudkbPf;csKyftyfESHonfu igjrif\/}} i,f 23

(5) ]]igonf 'ku©qif;&JcH&oljzpfygonfwum;! þtaoaumifrS ighudkrnfol u,fvTwf rnfenf;?}} i,f 24

*/ tcef;BuD; 6ESifhwqufwnf;ü igwdkYonf tjypf\uRefjyKjcif;rS vGwfajrmufNyD[k azmfjyonf/ ¤if;\tquf tcef;BuD; 8onf ]]odkYjzpfí-so then}}jzifhponf/

C/ þusrf;ydk'f\tqHk;jzpfonfh ti,f25rwdkifrcsif; 0dnmOfawmf(0g)c&pfawmftm; azmfjyjcif;r½Sdacs/ 2/ u,fwifjcif;&oltm; &nfnTef;&mtjzpf

(u) ¤if;rSm Augustine,Calvin ESifh jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;ac: Reformation acwfüoHk;onfh teufjyef qdkrIjzpfonf/

(c) atmufygpum;pkwdkYonf þtjrifudkaxmufcHtm;ay;onf/

(1) ]]ynwfw&m;onf 0dnmOfyuwdESifhpyfqdkifonfudk igwdkYodMu\/}} i,f 14

(2) ]]ynwfw&m;ajzmifhonf[ ig0efcH\}} i,f 16

(3) ]]igonf usifhcsifaomtusifhaumif;udk rusifh/}} i,f 19

(4) ]]igonf twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk ESpfouf\/}} i,f 22

(*) a&mrMo0g'teufzGifholtrsm;pkonf tcef;BuD;7tm; oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;u@mefüxm;onf/ (C) ti,f 7-13twGif; Bud,myHkpHrsm; IMPERFECTESifhAORIST wdkYrS ti,f 14-24twGif; ypöKyÜefum vjyBud,mrsm;odkY wqufwnf;ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKjcif;onf aygvktoufwmü uGJjym;jcm;em;rIESifh u@opfwpfcktm;qdkvdkonf/ (Oyrm ol\ajymif;vJjcif;)

C/ ,HkMunfolwpfa,mufonf c&pfawmfESifhwl&ef ydkítm;xkwfav? rdrdütjypfrsm;aMumif; ydkíawGYMuHKcHpm;& avjzpfonf/ qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa&mifjzifh rSefuefaom þtaMumif;t&monf þusrf;ydk'fESifh aygvk \tjzpfESifhtvGefqDavsmfonf/ (,HkMunfoltrsm;pktwGufvnf; ta&;BuD;onf/ ¤if;ESifh qefYusifbuf tjrifwpf&yfudk Gordon Fee \]]Paul, The Spirit, and the People of God}}pmtkyfüMunfhyg/ Henry Twells a&;pyfonfh Lutheran "r®oDcsif;pmtkyfü wpfckawGY&onfrSm

]]tdk? udk,fawmf½Sif? b,folrQpHkvifaomem;aejcif; r&Muyg/ tjypfESifhvHk;0uif;pifolr½SdaomaMumifhwnf;/ cGeftm;enf;um? rdrdtxJ trSm;ydkíawGYjrif&av/ udk,fawmftm; ydkítapcHMuavavyif/}} aygvkonf rdrd\twdwfu zg&d½SJjzpfcJh&jcif;ESifh wdkufvSefaeqJjzpfcJhum? ]]ynwfw&m;awmf}}ESifh ]]tjypfaojcif;w&m;}}taMumif; wifjy&mü ¤if;tm; tajccHonf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/ odkYaomf uREfkyf onf u,fwifjcif;&NyD;aemuf pHkprf;aoG;aqmifrItMum; rdrdudk,fwdkif ½kef;uefcJh&jcif;\xdckdufrIudkvnf; cHcJh &onf/ ¤if;onf uRef\teufjyefjcif;tm; trSefyifta&mifwifay;ygonf/ Gordon Fee onf rdrd\ Paul,

the Spirit, and the People of God pmtkyfü cdkifvHkrI½Sdaom tjcm;c&pf,meftawGYtMuHKESifh tjrifwpf&yftm; wifjyonf[kxifygonf/ uRefawmfod½Sdonfh wif;rmrI(0g) y#dyu©wpfrsKd;jzpfonfh

1/ acwfa[mif; -acwfopf

2/ vla[mif;-vlopf

3/ ynwfcsuf-0dnmOfawmfonf c&pfawmftxJ udkifwG,fcJhNyDjzpfonf! atmifjrifrIudk igwdkYydkifqdkifMu onf/ tcef;BuD; 7udk rnfonfh tcgürQ tm½kHrpdkuf&yg/ igwdkYonf olYtxJü atmifjrifrIudk ydkifqdkifMuonf!

i/ a&mr 8 xJuaygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;/ (8;32u 0dbwf) sun-ESifhtwl

1/ i,f 16-sun (ESifhtwl with) + oufaocHonf

2/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + tarGcHol

3/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + 'ku©qif;&JcH

4/ i,f 17-sun (ESifhtwl with) + bkef;awmfcHpm;

5/ i,f 22-sun (ESifhtwl with) + nnf;nL

6/ i,f 22-sun (ESifhtwl with) + om;zGm;jcif; a0'emcH

7/ i,f 26-sun (ESifhtwl with) + ulnDrp

8/ i,f 28-sun (ESifhtwl with) + twl^yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif

9/ i,f 29-sun (ESifhtwl with) + yHko@mefajymif;vJ þaygif;pyfpum;rsm;onf ]]ESifhtwlyl;wGJyg0ifonf}}(0g)]]twlyl;aygif;aqmif½Gufonf}}[kqdkvdkygonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 7;7-12

7odkYjzpfí tb,fodkYajym&rnfenf; ? ynwfw&m;awmfü tjypf½Sdoavm ? rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpfEkdif ! xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfvQif

tjypfw&m;udk igrod&/ taMumif;rlum;]]avmbpdwfr½SdapESifh}}[laom y nwfw&m;awmfr½SdvQif avmboabmudkigrod/ 8odkYaomf tjypfw&m;onf ynwfcsuftm;jzifh tcG ifhta&;,lum? igütrsKd;rsKd;aomavmbpdwfwdkYudk jzpfyGg;ap\/ ynwfw&m;awmfr½SdvQif tjypfw&m;onfao\/ 9txufu ynwfw&m;awmfr½Sdojzifh igonf touf½Sif\/ odkYaomf ynwfcsufa&mufvmaomtcg tjypfw&m;onf touf½Sifum? igonf aoqHk;cJh&\/ 10touf½Sifapaomynwfcsufonf ightwGufaoj cif;w&m;jzpfapaMumif; xif ½Sm;\/ 11taMumif;rlum; tjypfw&m;onf ynwfcsuftm; jzifh tcGifhta&;,lum? ighudkvSnfhjzm;vsuf xdkw&m;tm;jzifh ighudkowf\/ 12odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh ynwfw&m;aw mfonf oefY½Sif;um? ynwfcsuf onf oefY½Sif;í? ajzmifhrwfum? aumif;jrwfonf/

7;7]]odkYjzpfí tb,fodkYajym&rnfenf;}} ? aygvkonf oloHk;aeusa0zefjypfwifaoma&;[efudkyif jyefoHk; onf/(6;1? 15/ 7;1? 13)/ ]]ynwfw&m;awmfü tjypf½Sdoavm}} qefYusifaeoa,muf½Sdaomfvnf; rSefuef nDnGwfaomzGifhjyawmfrljcif;ü bk&m;ocifonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; aemifw&um? ,HkMunfjcif;½Sdvm ap&ef (i,f 12-13/ *vmwd 3)ynwfw&m;awmf\ oefY½Sif;jcif;ESihfaumif;jrwfjcif;tm;? tjypfw&m;udk azmfjyaom aMu;rHkrSefcsyfwpfckyrm toHk;jyKonf/ tHhMobG,f&myif ynwfw&m;awmfonf ajzmifhrwfapjcif; rjyKaomfvnf;? oefY½Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;twGufrl qufvufvkyfaqmifaeonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / arma½S\ynwfw&m;tay: aygvk\tjrif-13;9üMunfhyg/)

]]rnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpfEdkif}}/ rSm;,Gif;aomtwnfajymMum;rIwpf&yftm; aygvkjiif;qdkyHk jiif;qdkenf;jzpf onf/ (i,f 13/ 3;4? 6? 31/ 6;2? 15/ 9;14/ 11;1? 11/ *v 2;17/ 3;21)

]]xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm;/}} aygvkonf rdrdajymvdkonfhtcsuf ay:vGifap&ef jyif;xefaomqefYusifbuf pum;rsm;ukd a&mrMo0g'pmüoHk;onfrSm ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ (3;4? 6? 31/ 6;2? 15/ 7;13/ 9;14/ 11;1? 11)

]]ig/}} tcef;i,f 7-25twGif; ]]ig}}(0g) ]]ig\}} ]]ightm;}}pum;vHk;tBudrfaygif; rnfrQygonfudk oif\ or®musrf;pmtkyfxJü rSwfom;yg/ thHMooGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ tBudrfaygif;av;q,fyif ausmfvGefonf/

 ]]ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifhr[kwfvQif? tjypfw&m;udk igrod&/}} arma½S\ynwfw&m;onf vlwpfOD; csif;tm; tjypfudkazmfjyaom MunfhrSeftjzpf tvkyfvkyfonf[laom tqdkudkazmfjyaomusrf;ydk'frsm;teuf ¤if; rSm wpfckjzpfonf/ (3;20/ 4;65/ 5;20/ *v 3;14-29 txl;ojzifh ti,f 24)/ ynwfw&m;awmftm; wpfcgcsKd;azgufjcif;onf y#dnOfw&m;udk csKd;azgufjcif;yifjzpfum? ¤if;\tusKd;qufrsm;udk cH&efomjzpfonf/ (i,f 10 ESifh ,mukyf 2;10)!



]]ynwfw&m;awmftm;jzifh r[kwfvQif/}} ¤if;onf 'kwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg0guswdkUjzpfjyD; ]]trSef w&m;ESifh qefUusifbuf}}[kac:onf/aygvkonf tjypfw&m;taMumif; em;vnfoabmaygufonf/ ¤if;onf þyHkpH o'´gtoHk;tEIef;tm; a&mr0g'pmüoHk;onfh wpfckwnf;aomOyrmjzpfonf/ aygvkonf 1aum2;8/ 5;10/ 11;31 ESifh 2aum 12;11 wdkYrSmenf;wl *v1;10/ 3;21 wdkYüvnf;oHk;onf/



]]avmvpdwfr½SdapESifh/}} ¤if;onf ynwfawmfq,fyg;\ aemufqHk;ynwfcsuftm; &nfnTef;onf/ (xGuf? 20;17/ w&m;?5;21)/ þaemufqHk;aom ynwfcsufonf rSefuefaom pdwfaeoabmxm;udk azmfjy jcif;jzpfum ¤if;wdkY tm;vHk;\ppfrSefaom oabmobm0vnf;jzpfonf/ (róJ5-7)/ ynwfw&m;awmf (The law)udk ynwfcsuf–the commandment [kac:avh½Sdonf/ (i,f 8?9?11?12?13)/ ]]avmbpdwf-covet}}/ pum;vHk;\t"dyÜg,frSm]]...tay:pdwfESvHk;xm;onf}}-to set one's heart on odkYr[kwf ]]tjyif;txef wyfrufonf}}jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;wdkYtwGuf (aysmufaeol rsm;ESifh u,fwifjcif;&olrsm;) zefqif;jcif;rSwpfqifh aumif;aomt&m trsm;tjym;ay;xm;aomfvnf; vlom;wdkY onf bk&m;ocifay;onfhrlabmifudk ausmfvGefum? bk&m;ocif\vufaqmifwdkYudk &,l&efMuH½G,f avh½SdMu onf/ ]]b,favmufbJay;&? ay;& ightwGuf ydkíydkí}}qdkonfrSm olwdkY\&nf½G,fcsuf jzpfvmonf! twåpdwf onf aMumufrufbG,f&m rif;qdk;rif;npfygwum;! txl;taMumif;t&m/ /13;8-9 üxGufajrmuf &musrf; 20;17 taMumif; rSwfpküMunfhyg/

7;8

NASB, NKJV ]]tcGif;ta&;,l}}

NRSV ]tcGifhta&;wpfck trdt&zrf;,l}}

TEV ]]tcGifhaumif;tjzpf ½Ijrif}}

NJB ]]¤if;tm;jzifh tjrwfxkwf}}

¤if;rSm ppfa&;a0g[m&jzpfum ]]urf;ajctajcpdkufpcef;}}(0g)]]ppfqifa&;XgecsKyf}}[kt"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ (i,f 8 ESifh 11)/ þusrf;ydk'fü ¤if;udk vlom;uJhodkY wifpm;oHk;eIef;onf/(i,f 9?11)/ tjypftm; ppfa&;acgif;

aqmifwpfOD; uGyfuJonfh(i,f 11ESifh 17/ 6;12? 14? 16)ppfqifa&;wpf&yftjzpf a&;om;azmfjyonf/(i,f 11)/

 ]]ynwfw&m;awmfr½SdvQif tjypfw&m;onfao\/}} tjypf[lonf bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftm; qefY usifykefuefjcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 4;15/ 5;13/ 1aum 15;56)/ þpum;pkü Bud,mrygojzifh wpfvHk;jznfhpGufay;&efvdkonf/ jzpfqJjyBud,moHk;ygu wpfavmuvHk;twGuf ed,rw&m;wpfckjzpfoGm;vdrfh rnf/ vkyfcJhNyD;aom twdwfumvjyBud,moHk;vQifr aygvk\toufwmudkom &nfnTef;csufjzpfayrnf/ 7;9]]txufu...igtouf½Sif\/}} ¤if;onf aygvktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifum (1) vlrSef;rodwwfrDt½G,f (Bar Mitzvah rwdkifrD) odkYr[kwf (2) or®mw&m;jzpfaom owif;aumif;onf olESvHk;om;udk rxdk;azgufrDu qufuyfaom zg&d½SJwpfa,muftaejzifh (wrefawmf 23;1/ zdvdydÜ 3;6/ 2wd 1;3)/ yxrtcsufonf ]]tw¬KyÜwåd oDtdk&D}}tm;jzifh tcef;BuD;7tm; teufjyefjcif;udk udk,fpm;jyKonf/ 'kwd,tcsufurl tcef;BuD; 7tm; ]]udk,fpm;jyKjcif; oDtdk&D}}tm;jzifh teufjyefjcif;udkjyonf/ 

]]ynwfcsufa&mufvmaomtcg tjypfw&m;onf touf½Sifum? igonf aoqHk;cJh&\/}} vlom;\ ykefuefwwfaompdwfukd wm;jrpfcsufrsm;u EId;qGay;onf/ ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfüyg½Sdaom ]]r... ESifh}}onf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;\twåESifhrmeudk armif;wifay;vdkufonf/ (urÇm 2;16-17/ 3;1-6)/ 5;21ESifh 7;8? 11? 17? 20wdkYrSmenf;wl tjypfw&m;tm; vlom;yHkpH qufvufwifpm;aMumif; owdjyKyg/

7;10]]touf½Sifapaom ynwfcsufonf ightwGuf aojcif;w&m;jzpfapaMumif; xif½Sm;\/}} ¤if;onf 0wfjyK 18;5/ w&m; 4;1(0g) a&mr 2;13 wpfckcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf rdrd rwwfEdkifonfht&mtm; uwday;jcif;rSm ¤if;ü tjypfygír[kwfbJ? vlom;onf tm;enf;í? ykefuefwwf oljzpfojzifh? ynwfw&m;awmfonf ao'PfpD&ifcsufjzpfvmcJh&awmhonf/ (*v 3;13/ {zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)/ 7;11 ]]ighudk vSnfhhjzm;vsuf? xdkw &m;tm;jzifh ighudkwwf\/}} þBud,mESpfckpvHk;vkyfcJhNyD;aomt&m AORIST ACTIVE ESihfjzpf&yfrSefukd azmfjyaomBud,mESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfMuonf/ ]]vSnfhjzm;onf}}[laompum;vHk; tm; urÇm 3;13ü {0udk a>ruvSnfhjzm;jcif;ü *&d"r®a[mif;-Septuagint(Lxx)wGifoHk;onf/ aygvkonf þBud,mudk tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (a&mr 16;18/ 1aum 3;18/ 2aum 11;3/ 2ouf 2;3/ 1wd 2;14)/ tm'HESifh{0wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; remcHjcif;jzifh 0dnmOfa&;ü aoqHk;oGm;cJh Muonf/ (,ck ynwfw&m;awmfü zGifhjyonf/ 1aum 15;56)xdkenf;wl aygvkonfvnf; aoqHk;cJhum? vlom;tm;vHk; wdkYvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfMu\/ (1;18- 3;20)

7;12 ¤if;rSm ynwfw&m;awmf aumif;jrwfaMumif; aygvk\twnfjyKcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm jyóemr[kwf acs/ odkYaomf ]]tjypfw&m;}}taMumif; tcef;BuD; 6ESifh ]]ynwfw&m;}}taMumif; tcef;BuD; 7ü aygvktvm;wl oHk;EIef;yHkwdkYudk a&mrtoif;awmf½Sd ,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsKd; Oya'oorm;wdkYtm; acgif;½IyfoGm;apvdrfhrnf/ (,HkMunftm;enf;olrsm;taMumif; 14;1-15;13)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 7;13

13xdkYaMumifh aumif;jrwfaomt&monf ight wGuf aoapaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfvmoavm ? rnfonfhtcgürQ xdkodkYrjzpfEkdif ! xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; tjypfonf tjypfjzpfaMumif;jyoap&ef? aumif; aomxdkt&mtm;jzifh ig\aojcif;taMumif;jzpfay:apu m? xdktjypfonf ynwfcsuftm;jzifh vHk;vHk; tjypf½Sdap&efjzpfonf/

7;13

NASB ]]tjypfonf tjypfjzpfaMumif; jyoa p&ef...tjypfonf ...vHk;vHk;tjypf½Sdvmap&ef}}

NKJV ]]tjypfonf tjypftjzpfay:vmap&ef...tvGeftrif; tjypf½SdvmEkdif&ef}}

NRSV ]]tjypfonf tjypfjzpfaMumif; jyoap&ef... rwdkif;wmEkdifavmufatmif tjypf½Sdap&ef}}

TEV ]]¤if;\ppfrSefaomoabmobm0udk tj ypftjzpfESifhyif azmfxkwfap&ef}}

NJB ]]tjypfonf rdrdt\ta&miftqif;rsm;tm; jyo ap&ef...¤if;\tjypf½Sdaomwefcdk;tm;vHk;jyK EkdifpGrf;½SdcJh...}}

tjypf\qkd;aomobm0tm; ¤if;onf aumif;aomt&m? aumif;usKd;ay;aomt&mESifh arma½S\ ynwfw&m;rSmuJhodkY(qmvH 19? 119) bk&m;w&m;ESif nDnTwfaomt&mjzpfae[ef½SdyHkESifh wpfcsdefwnf;ü jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;ESifh aojcif;w&m;tjzpfodkY ajymif;vJoGm;jcif; ({zuf 2;15/ aum 2;14)ü ½Sif;vif;pGmjrif& onf/ usqif;aomvlom;onf bk&m;ocifay;orQ aumif;aomvufaqmifwdkif;tm; bk&m;ocifay;onfh twdkif;twmudk ausmfvGefum,lcJhMuayNyD!

]]&ef}}-in order that; so that tjzpf bmomjyefaom hina (MuH½G,fcsuf)pum;pkESpfckwdkYudk rSwfom;yg/ 0dbwfrsm;onf pma&;ol\&nf½G,fcsufudk xif½Sm;aponf!



]]vHk;vHk;tjypf½Sd}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ /aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm; aygvktoHk;jyKyHk 1;30üMunfhyg/ qdk; oGif;rI? raumif;aomt&m\oabmobm0onf vlyk*¾dKvfESifhwlaMumif;jyo&ef tjypf(w&m;)udk vluJhodkY wifpm;azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / qdk;oGrf;rI\yk*¾dKvf 16;20 üMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ /7;14-20

14taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;awmfonf 0dnmOfES ifhqkdifonfudk igwdkYodM uaomfvnf;? igonf tjypf w&m;\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;j cif;cH&aom taoG;tom;ESifhqdkifoljzpfonf/ 15taMumif; rlum; igjyKaomt&mudk igonfem;rvnf/ tb,fa Mumifhqdkaomf igonf rdrdjyKvdkaomt&mudk rusihfbJ? rdrdrkef;wD;aomt&m udkyifvkyfaeonf/ 16odkYaomf igonf rdrdrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkyif vkyfonfqdkygu? ynwfw&m;aumif;jrwfygonf[k 0ef cHum? ynwfw&m;awmfESifh oabmwlnDyg onf/ 17xdkYaMumifh ,cktcg? xdkt&mudkjyKaeolonf ig r[kwfbJ? ightxJaexdkifoltjypfjzpfonf/ 18taMumif;rlum;? ig\taoG;tom;jzpfaom i ghtxJü aumif; aomt&mbmrQ r½Sdonfudkigod\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vkyfvdkaomqE´onf ightxJ½Sdaom fvnf; aumif;aomt&mvkyfjcif;onf r½Sd acs/ 19tb,faMumihfqdkaomf igvkyfvdkaomaumif;onfht&m udk igrvkyfbJ? igrvkyfvdkaom qdk;onfh t&mudkyif igusifh\/ 20odkYaomf igrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkyif i gvkyfaeonfqdkvQif? ¤if;udkvkyfaeol onf igr[kwfawmhbJ? ightxJaexdkifaomtjypfjzpfonf/

7;14]]ynwfw&m;awmfonf tjypfESifhqdkifonf/}} bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;jrwfonf/ ¤if;ü jyóemr½Sdacs/ (i,f 12 ESifh 16)

 ]]igonf taoG;tom;ESifhqdkifoljzpfonf/}} aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk (1) ½kyfcE¨mudk,fudkqdkvdkjcif;jzpf aom Mum;aet"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;jcif; (1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5) ESifh (2) tm'HtxJ vlom;rsKd;EG,f\usqif;aom obm0udkqdkvdkjcif;t"dyÜg,fjzifh (i,f 5)toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ þae&mü rnfonfht"dyÜg,fudknTef;aMumif; raocsmay/  ]]tjypf\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;cH/}} ¤if;onf PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfum ]]igonf tjypf\aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;jcif;cHcJhNyD;jzpfum? qufvufa&mif;cscHaeonf}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ þae&m ü tjypfudk uRefydkif½SifwpfOD;tjzpf wifpm;xm;onf/ jyKvkyfolrnfoljzpfaMumif; raocsmay/ pmwef? tjypf? aygvk(0g)bk&m;ocifwpfrsKd;rsKd;jzpfEkdifonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü vlom;tm; rdrdxHawmfodkY jyefvnfqGJaqmifbdkY? bk&m;ocifoHk;aompum;vHk;rSm a½G;EIwfonf(0g)? a½G;EIwf&efwefbdk;jzpfonf/ (tjcm;t"dyÜg,fwl pum;vHk;rsm;) ¤if;\rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm ]]jyefí0,f,lonf}}(ESifht"dyÜg,fwlpum;vHk;rsm;udk txl;taMumif;t&m 3;24üMunfh yg)/ ¤if;\qefYusifbuf oabmrSm þae&müoHk;onfhpum;pkjzpfaom ]]\vufüa&mif;cscH&aom}} jzpfonf/ (w&m;olBuD; 4;2/ 10;7/ 1"r® 12;9)/ 7;15-24/ bk&m;ocif\om;orD;wpfa,mufü ]]bk&m;obm0 (2ay 1;4)½Sdaomfvnf; usqif;aomobm0 vnf;½Sdonf/ (*v 5;17)/ tjypftvkyfrvkyfEkdif&ef pGrf;tm;BuD;pGm jyKxm;aomfvnf; (a&mr 6;6)vlom;\ tawGYtMuHKonf a&mr 7 udkvdkufvmonf/ vlom;wdkif;\ESvHk;om;xJü acG;rJwpfaumifESifh acG;jzLwpfaumif pD½Sdonf[k *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;qdkygonf/ rdrdtpmtrsm;qHk;auR;aom taumifrSm tBudD;qHk;jzpfvmonf/ þusrf;ydk'fudk uRefawmfzwf½I&if; obm0ESpfrsKd;wdkY\ aeYpOfwdkufcdkufrIudk aygvk½Sif;vif;onfhtwdkif; ol\a0'emudk uRefawmf awGYMuHKcHpm;ygonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf usqif;aomrdrdwdkY obm0rS vGwfajrmuf apjcif; cHcJhMuNyDjzpfaomfvnf;? ¤if;\aoG;aqmifrIudk uRefawmfwdkY qufvufcHaeMuonfrSm pdk;&drfbG,f&myif jzpfonf/ jyif;xefaom0dnmOfwdkufyGJonf u,fwifjcif;&NyD;aemufrSom pwifavhonfrSm tHhMobG,fjzpf onf/ &ifhusufjcif;[lonf oHk;ygwpfqlbk&m;½SifESi wif;rmrIjynfhESufaom aeYpOfrdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh qdk;oGrf;rI? aeYpOfwdkufcdkufryi jzpfayawmhonf/ (8;12-25? 26/ *v 5;16-18/ {zuf 6;10-18/ aum 3;5-10/ J. D. G. Dunn \ Jesus and the Spirit pmtkyfüMunfhyg/)

7;16?20]]vQif}} ESpfckpvHk; yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;jzpfum? pma&;oltjrifü trSef[kjrifxm;jcif;(0g) ol\pma&;[efjzpfonf/

7;18]]ig\taoG;tom;jzpfaom ightxJü ? aumif;aomt&m bmrQr½Sdonfudk igod\/}} aygvktcdkif trmajymaeonfrSm ½kyfcE¨mudk,fonf raumif;[lír[kwfbJ? ¤if;onf usqif;aomobm0ESifh bk&m;ocif \0dnmOfawmfwdkY wdkufcdkuf&m ppfajrjyifjzpfonf[líjzpf\/ *&dvlrsKd;wdkYonf tjcm;aomt&mtm;vHk;enf;wl vl\udk,fcE¨mrSm qdk;0g;onf[k qGJudkifxm;Muonf/ ¤if;onf rSm;,Gif;aom aemhpwpft,l0g'jzpfonfh ESpfrsKd;0g'(dualistic)qdkaom t,l0g'jzpfay:aponf/ ({zuf? aumavmoJESifh a,m[efMo0g'pmrsm;) *&dvlrsKd;wdkYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mjyóemrsm;twGuf ]]½kyfcE¨m}}udk tjypfwifMuonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m&wdkY tm; 0dnmOfa&;&mtjzpf r½ljrifacs/ olonf tjypfudkyk*¾dKvftjzpfwifpm;um? vlom;onf bk&m;½Sif\ynwf w&m;awmfudk ykefuef&jcif;rSm raumif;aom xdkt&m(yk*¾dKvf)onf vlobm0tm; usL;ausmfwdkufcdkufrItjzpf

toHk;jyKonf/ aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;½Sd ]]taoG;tom;}}-flesh [laompum;vHk;onf (1)ukd,fusifhw&m;qdkif &mü Mum;aejzpfaom½kyfcE¨m(1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5) ESifh (2) tm'HxHrS tarGqufcH&½Sdaom usqif;onfh obm0 (i,f 5)wpfckckjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om; Zmwd (sarx)-1;3üMunfhyg/

7;20]]ightxJü½Sdaomtjypf}} a&mrMo0g'pmonf vlom;\tjypfudk tvGef½Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyaomfvnf; 16;20 rwdkifrDpmweftm; razmfjyonfrSm pdwf0ifpm;p&mjzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\tjypfjyóem twGuf pmwefudktjypfwifír&acs/ uRefawmfwdkYü a½G;cs,fydkifcGifh½Sdonf/ tjypfudk bk&ifwpfyg;? rif;qdk; rif;npf? uRefydkif½SifwpfOD;tjzpf wifpm;onf/ ¤if;on uRefawmfwdkYtm; bk&m;ay:rSDcdkrIuif;um? rnfrQyif ay;qyf&onfjzpfap rdrd\twåudk a½SYwef;wif&ef zsm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifonf/ tjypfudkyk*¾dKvftjzpf aygvk wifpm;jcif;onf urÇm 4;7u vlom;\a½G;cs,frItm; ay:vGifaponf/ aygvkonf ]]½Sd (aexdkif}}-dwell [laompum;vHk;udk þtcef;BuD;xJtawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (i,f 17? 18?20)/u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcg tjypfjynfhaomobm0udk rzsufpD;(0g)z,f½Sm;vdkufjcif; rjyKaomfvnf;? tvkyfrvkyfEkdifatmif pGrf;tm;BuD;pGm wm;qD;onf/ ¤if;onf qufvufí pGrf;tm;rJhjzpfoGm;a&;rSm rdrdwdkYtxJ usdef;0yfaeol0dnmOfawmfESifh rdrdwdkY\ yl;aygif;aqmif½GufrIay:rlwnfonf/(8;9?11)/ bk&m;ocifonf yk*¾dKvf tjzpf wifpm;xm;olESifh yk*¾dKvfjzpfaom(pmwefESifh0dnmOfqdk;rsm;)tjypftm; wGef;vSefNzdKzsuf&ef vdktyforQudk ,HkMunfoltm; axmufyHh ay;tyfonf/ ¤if;rSm oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\twl½Sdaejcif;ESifh wefcdk;awmfjzpf onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom u,fwifjcif;udkvufcHonfhtwdkif;? bk&m;ocif\tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfaom oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ xda&mufpGmwm;qD;rIudkvnf; vufcHMu& ayrnf/ u,fwifjcif;ESifh c&pf,meftoufwmrSm ,HkMunfol\aeYpOfqHk;jzwfrItm;jzifhyif tqHk;owfaom aeYpOfqufvufjzpfay:aeonfht&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifon uRefawmfwdkY\vdktyfrItm;vHk; axmufyHhay; tyfcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf(a&mr 8)? 0dnmOfvufeuftpHktvif ({zuf 6;11)? zGifhjyawmfrljcif;^Asm'dwf awmf^{zuf 6;17^ESifh qkawmif;jcif;({zuf 6;18)ponfwdkYjzpfonf/ þwdkufyGJonf jyif;xefaomfvnf; (a&mr 7)tEkdif&aomwdkufyGJjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8)/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 7;21-25

21aumif;aomtusihfudkusifhcsifaom uREfkyft xJü qdk;aomt&m½Sdaeonf[laom ed,rw&m;udk igawGY\/ 22taMumif;rlum; igonf twGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfESifh 0rf;ajrmuf pGm oabmwlnDnTwfonf/ 23odkYaomf ig\pdwfxJuw&m;udk qefYusifwdkufcdkufí? ightm; rdrd\ udk,ft*Fgrsm;xJ½Sd tjypfw&m;\aus;uRefjzpfapao m? tjcm;qefYusifbufw&m;wpfck ig\udk,fcE¨m t*Fgrsm;ü igjrif&\/ 24igonf 'ku©onfjzpfaeygaumvm; ! aojcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaom þcE¨mudk,f rS ighudk b,folvGwfajrmufaprnfenf; ? 25igwdkY\ocifa,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl; awmfcsD;rGrf;yg\ ! odkYjzifh igonf wpfzufü rdrdpdwftm; jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk tapcH aomfvnf; tjcm;wbufürl? ig\taoG;to m;jzifh tjypfw&m;udktapcH\/

7;22 ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmf}}/ þpum;onf *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf arma½S\ynwådusrf;udknTef; onf[k em;vnfMuonf/ *sL;r[kwfolrsm;twGufrl

1/ obm0w&m;tm;jzifh oufaocHawmfrljcif; (a&mr 1;19-20/ qmvH 19;1-6)

2/ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mtwGif; MowåyÜpdwf (a&mr 2;14-15)

3/ vlrIa&;qdkif&mpHrsm; (0g)½kd;&m"avhrsm;

NASB ]]twGif;vltm;jzifh}}

NKJV ]]twGif;bufvl\oabmtm;jzifh}}

NRSV, NJB ]]ig\tqHk;pGefaomtwå^Zmwdü}}

TEV ]]ig\twGif;vl}}

aygvkonf vl\tjyifvl(½kyfcE¨m)ESi twGif;vl (0dnmOfcE¨m)[lí 2aum 4;16ücGJjcm;onf/ þusrf; ydk'fü þpum;onf aygvk\tydkif;(0g)bk&m;ocif\tvdkawmfESifh ynwfawmfudkrSefaMumif; 0efcHonfhu,f wifjcif;&aomvlom;udk &nfnTef;onf/

]]ynwfw&m;awmfrSm 0dnmOfa&;jzpfonf}} 7;14

aumif;jrwfonf[k 0efcHum? ynwfw&m;awmfudk oabmwlonf}} 7;16

]]vkyfvdkaomqE´ightxJ½Sdonf}} 7;18

]]igvkyfvdkaomaumif;jrwfonfht&m}} 7;19

]]igrvkyfvdkaom qdk;onfht&mudkrS igjzpfaponf}} 7;19

]]igrvkyfvdkaomt&mudkrS igvkyfaeonf}} 7;21

]]aumif;aomt&mvkyfvdkol}} 7;20

9/ ]]bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; 0rf;ajrmufpGm oabmwlonf}} 7;22

10/ ]]ig\pdwfxJuw&m;}} 7;23

11/ ]]rdrdpdwftm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftm; tapcH}} 7;25 bk&m;ocifESifhEIwfuywfawmftm; oduRrf;rIonf rvHkavmufaMumif; tcef;BuD; 7u jyoonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;ü 0dnmOfawmfvdktyfonf (tcef;BuD; 8)!

7;23 wu,fhjcm;em;rIwpfck 6;2/ 8;2ESifh 7;23wdkYü½Sdonf/ ynwfawmf (nomos)tm; aygvkoHk;EIef;yHkudk þ tcef;i,fonf ½Sif;vif;pGm ay:vGifapum (1) tjypfw&m; (8;21? 25)ESifh (2) bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmf (i,f 22? 25)wdkYudk &nfnTef;onf/ apmapmydkif;u tcef;i,frsm;jzpfonfh ti,f 4? 5? 6? 7? 9ESifh 12wdkYü aygvkonf þpum;vHk;udkoHk;&mü "r®a[mif;usrf;udkqdkvdkonf/ aygvkrSm "r®ynmü enf;pepform;r[kwf acs/ olonf ]]ynwfawmf}}-law \oabmü tcuftcJawGYaeonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;? vlom;twGuf tHhMobG,f&mtcrJhvufaqmifjzpfcJhaomfvnf;? tjcm;wbufü ¤if;onf tjypfw&m;tm; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfum? usqif;aomvlom;rvdkufemEkdifonfh e,fedrdwfrsm; ½Sif;vif;pGm csrSwf xm;aomt&mvnf;jzpfaeygonf/ xdke,fedrdwfwdkYrSm "r®a[mif;usrf;\zGifhjyrIomvQifr[kwfbJ (qmvH 19;7 -14/ 119)udk,fusihfw&m;vrf;nTefrItm;vHk;jzpfonfh obm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrljcif; (qmvH 19;1-6/ a&mr 1;18- 3;31) (0g)vlrIa&;pHrsm;ESihf? "avhxHk;pHrsm;jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkYb0toD;oD;udk rdrd udk,frdrduom tjynfht0udk,fwG,fvdkol ykefuefolrsm;jzpfMuonf! 7;24 ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;&½Sdolwpfa,muf ajymjcif;jzpfEkdifygovm;? tcsKdUur[kwfyg[k ajymjcif;jzifh þtcef;BuD;ckepfonf udk,fusihfw&m;? bmoma&;udk &nfnTef;um? u,fwifjcif;r&olu ajymjcif;jzpfoGm;ap onf/ tjcm;olrsm;url [kwfygonf[k ajymjyjcif;jzifh þtcef;BuD;onf owif;aumif;wif;rmrIjzpfonfh ,HkMunfolrsm;twGif;]]jzpfaeNyD;om;t&mESifh rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}udk&nfnTef;onf/ tem*wfumvü jzpfysuf rnfht&mrsm; ,ckray:vGifao;acs/ þt&mESpfckMum; vSpf[maeyHkudk &ifhusufaom,HkMunfolonf pl;½SpGm odjrifonf/

NASB ]]aojcif;w&m;ESifhqdkifaom þcE¨mudk,f}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]aojcif;ESifhqdkifaomcE¨mudk,f}}

TEV ]]ightm; aojcif;w&m;okdY ac:aqmifoGm;aom þudk,fcE¨m}}

NJB ]]aobdkY&ef pD&ifcsufcsxm;onfh þudk,fcE¨m}}

½kyfcE¨mESihfpdwfwdkYonf olwdkY[molwdkY qdk;oGrf;onfr[kwfacs/ ¤if;wdkYrSm þurÇmN*dKvfay:½Sd touf twGufESifh rdrdESihf rdwfo[m,jyK&ef bk&m;ocifzefqif;aomt&mrsm;yifjzpfonf/ olwdkYudk ]]tvGefaumif;}} aomt&mrsm;tjzpf zefqif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇmOD; 1;31)/ odkYaomf urÇmOD; 3onf vlom;ESifhþN*dKvftm; ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ þurÇmrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfapvdkaom urÇmr[kwfbJ? uRefawmfwdkYonfvnf; bk&m;o cifMuH½G,fxm;onfh vlom;rsm;r[kwfMuawmhacs/ tjypfonf zefqif;jcif;tm; jywfjywfxifxif xdcdkufoGm;cJh onf/ tjypfonf aumif;rGefaomt&mudk vlom;xHrS,lum? twåudktajcjyKonfh qdk;oGrf;aomt&mtjzpf wGefYvdrfoGm; aponf/ cE¨mudk,fESihfpdwfrSm aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifhtjypfwdkY\ ppfajrjyifjzpfvmonf/ aygvkonf xdkwdkufyGJudk pl;½SpGmcHpm;onf! olonf uyfumvtopf? udk,fcE¨mtopf? bk&m;ocifESifhrdwfo[m,jzpfjcif; wdkYudk awmifhwonf/ (8;23)/

7;25 ¤if;onf ydkrdkjrifhrm;aomtydkif;jzpfonfh a&mr 8 \tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þtcef;BuD; 8 üyif ti,f 5-11ü awGU&aom tvm;wlqGJqefYrIrsKd;awGU&onf/ aygvkonf rnfolYtm; ajymaeoenf;qdkonfh ar;cGef;onf teufzGifhorm;rsm;tm; csmcsmvnfoGm; aponf/

1/ olYudk,fwdkifESifh ,k'bmomtwGif; olYtawGUtMuHKrsm;

2/ c&pf,mefrsm;tm;vHk;

3/ vlom;rsm;\ Oyrmjzpfoltm'H

4/ tpöa&;ESihfhynwfw&m;awmftm; oloduRrf;yHkESifh odonfhtwdkif; emcH&efysufuGufyHk vlyk*¾dKvfESifhqdkifaom]]ig}}onf # 1(7-13? 25)ESifh #2(14-25)wdkYESifh qufpyfonf/ a&mr 7;7-25 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&yHküMunfhyg/ tcef;BuD; 7\ emusifrIa0'emonf tcef;BuD;

8\ cef;em;x,f0grIESifh qufpyfNyD;? ¤if;udk ausmfvGefíyifoGm;ygonf!

 ]]bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zll;awmfcsD;rGrf;ygonf}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /aygvk\csD;rGrf;jcif;?qkawmif;jcif;ESifh bk&m;ocif tm; aus;Zl;wifjcif;

aygvkrSm csD;rGrf;aomoljzpfonf/ olonf "r®a[mif;usrf;ukd oduRrf;onf/ qmvHusrf;\yxrtydkif; av;ydkif;pvHk; bk&m;ociftm; csD;rGrf;jcif;jzifh tqHk;owfonf/ (qmvH 41;13/ 72;19/ 89;52/ 106;48)/ aygvkonf bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;um? yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh txl;wvnf; csD;usL;jcif;jyKonf/

1/ ol\Mo0g'pmrsm;\ tzGifhed'gef;rsm;ü u/ tzGifhaumif;csD;ay;jcif; (0g)EIwfqufpum;rsm; (a&mr 1;7/ 1aum 1;3/ 2aum 1;2) c/ tzGifhr*Fvmpum;rsm; (eulogētos, 2aum 1;3-4/ {zuf 1;3-14)/

2/ yGifhxGufvmaom wdkawmif;onfhcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm; u/ a&mr 1;25/ 9;5

c/ 2aum 11;31

3/ bk&m;ociftm; csD;usL;jcif;rsm;(doxa-glory ac:bkef;awmfqdkonfh toHk;tEIef;ESifh]]xm0&}}qdkonfh toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifh awGY&onf) u/ a&mr 11;36/ 16;25-27 c/ {zuf 3;20-21

*/ zd 4;20

C/ 1wd 1;17 i/ 2wd 4;18

4/ aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; (Oyrm eucharisteŌ) u/ Mo0g'pmed'gef;rsKd;jcif;rsm; (a&mr 1;8/ 1aum 1;4/ 2aum 1;11/ {zuf 1;16/ zd 1;3/ aum 1;3? 12/ 1ouf 1;2/ 2ouf 1;3/ zdavrkef 4/ 1wd 1;12/ 2wd 1;3) c/ aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;&ef ac:zdwfrIrsm; ({zuf 5;4? 20/ zd 4;6/ aum 3;15? 17/ 4;2/ 1ouf 5;18)/

5/ yGifhxGufvmaom wdkawmif;onfhaus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif;rsm; u/ a&mr 6;17/ 7;25 c/ 1aum 15;57 */ 2aum 2;14/ 8;16/ 9;15 C/ 1ouf 2;13 i/ 2ouf 2;13

6/ tqHk;owfaumif;csD;ay;jcif;rsm; u/ a&mr 16;20? 24 c/ 1aum 16;23-24 */ 2aum 13;14 C/ *v 6;18

i/ {zuf 6;24 aygvkonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;tm; "r®oabmESi tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifhyg od½Sdonf/ ol\Mo0g'pm rsm;udk qkawmif;jcif;ESifh csD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;jzifh tpjyKavh½Sdonf/ ol\wifjyrIrsm;tv,fü *kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;jcif; ESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm; yGifhxGufvmavh½Sdonf/ rdrd\Mo0g'pmrsm; tqHk;owf&mü qkawmif;&ef? *kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;&efESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;&ef owd&avh½Sdonf/ aygvk\pmta&;tom;rsm;onf qkawmif; jcif;?*kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;ESifh aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;rsm;jzifh touf½SLaeonf/ olonf bk&m;ocifudkodonf/ rdrdudk,frdrdodum? owif;aumif;udkod½Sdonf/ aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfonf teufzGifhrItwGuf vrf;nTefjcif;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pm tm;? rdrdukd,fwdkifteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&½Sdxm; onfh tvif;xJavQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGihfjcif;tvkyftm;? teufzGifhusrf; a&;om;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/

aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þpmtkyf\ þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaomt"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; tm;pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;bdkUjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ?pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm; EId;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/

1/ tcef;BuD; 6onf tcef;BuD; 7 ESifh rnfuJhodkY qufpyfoenf;?

2/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ynwfw&m;onf "r®opfusrf; ,HkMunfolrsm;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;? (2aum 3;111/ a[NAJ 8;7? 13)

3/ rdrdwdkY\b0a[mif;ESifh rdrdwdkY\qufpyfrItm; ½Sif;vif;&ef aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 6ESifh 7wdkYü rnfonfh OyrmESpfrsKd;jzifh ½Sif;vif;oenf;?

4/ c&pf,mefonf arma½S\ynwådusrf;ESifh rnfodkYqufpyfoenf;?

5/ a&mr 7;7-25tm; teufzGifh&mü tw¬KyÜwådoabmESifh udk,fpm;jyKjcif;oabmjzifh teufjyefjcif;ESpfrsKd;wdkY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIudk rdrdpum;jzifh ½Sif;vif;yg/

6/ a&mr 7\azmfjyrIrSm u,fwifjcif;r&aomolvm;? r&ifhusufaom,HkMunfolvm;? odkYr[kwf ,HkMunfol tm;vHk;udkbJvm;?

UBS4

a&mr 8

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; tydkif;vdkufcJGjcif;

NKJV NRSV TEV NJB

0dnmOfawmfxJtouf txJusdef;0yfaom bk&m;\u,fwif

0dnmOfawmf

0dnmOfawmfESifh tjypfrS vGwfajrmufjcif; aomvkyfaqmifrI xJtouf qdkifaomtouf 8;1-11 8;1-11

8;1-4 8;1-8 8;1-11 aoG;om;xJESifh 0dnmOfawmfxJtouf 8;5-8 8;9-11 8;9-11 0dnmOfawmfESifhom; t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif; 8;12-17 8;12-17 8;12-17 8;12-17 8;12-13 bk&m;\om;orD;rsm; 8;14-17 vmvwåHUaom 'ku©cHjcif;rSbkef;BuD; pHkvifjcif;udkarQmf tem*wfü igwdkY\yef;wdkif bkef;wefcdk; jcif;odkY vifhjcif; bkef;BuD;jcif; bkef;BuD;jcif; 8;18-25 8;18-30 8;18-25 8;18-25 8;18-25 bk&m;onf rdrd\ bkef;awmfudka0rQ&½Sd &efigwdkYudkac:xm; onf/ 8;28-30 8;28-30 8;28-30 arwåmawmf xm0&arwåmawmf arwåmawmftm; c&pfawmfa,½I arwåmawmfbGJU ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; xJarwåmawmf 8;31-39 8;31-39 8;31-39 8;31-39 8;31-39

tausmhvdkuf zwf½Ijcif;jzpfpOfoHk;(pm Xi Munhf)

rl&if;pma&;ol\&nf½G,fcsufudkpmydk'ftvdkufem;vnfjcif; ¤if;rSm teufzGifhrIvrf;nTeftm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&efrl rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJ avQmufoGm;&efjzpfrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkUrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;olrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf; tNyD;zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfyg/ rdrd\ taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk txufygacwfopfbmomjyef usrf;ig;ckwdkUESifhEIdif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'fcGJrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\&nf½G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD; pmydk'fwpfydk'fü taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;½Sdonf/

yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmydk'f

wwd, pmydk'

... pojzifh

usrf;pum;tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnfjcif;

u/ þtcef;BuD;onf 1;18ü ay gvkpwifajymcJhaomt&m\ txG#ft xdwfjzpfonf/ ¤if;\tprSm ]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif; rcH&}} (w&m;Oya'qdkif&m &yfwnfcsuf)[líjzpfNyD;? tqHk;rSm ]]rcGJjcm;Edkif}} (wpfOD;csif; rdwfo[m,jyKrI)[líjzpfonf/ "r®oabmtm;jzifh ¤if;onf ajzmifhrwfapj cif;rS oefY½Sif;apjcif;odkY a½GYvsm;oGm;um? wzefoefY½Sif;apjcif;rS bkef;BuD; apjcif;odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;onf/ (i,f 29-30)

c/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; rdrd\0dnmOfawmfay;jcif;ü "r®oabmtm;jzifh aqG;aEG;wif jyrI tajctaewdk;wufjzpfay:yHkjzpfonf/ (½Sifa,m[ef\wifjyyHk a,m[ef 14;12-31/ 16;7-16)/ ti,f 14 \tjyKcHBud,m (PASSIVE VERB )ü vkyfaqmifolrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfum? usqif;cJhNyD;ol vlom;rsm;\b0 toufwm xJ {0 Ha*vdw&m; ouf0ifvIyf½Sm;yHkudk ajymjyonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf olwdkYESifhtwl? aexdkifum? olwdkYtxJ usdef;0yfvsuf olwdkYtxJü c&pfawmfudk pwifyHkazmfoGm;rnfjzpf onf/ þtcef;BuD; 8ü 0dnmOf[l aoma0g[m& 21BudrfausmfoHk;um? tcef;BuD; 7ürl xdkpum;vHk;ryg acs/ (xdkenf;wl tcef;BuD; 3-6 twGif; xdkpum;vHk;rygbJ? tcef;BuD; 1-2twGif; oHk;Budrfomyg0if onf/ *&dpum; pneuma onf rnfonfhae&mü vl\0dnmOfjzpfNyD;? rnfonfhae&mü oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk&nfnTef;aMumif; aocsm&efcufcJrI½Sdonf)

*/ b0toufwmü vlom;rsm;vdkufaomtjrifESpfrsKd; ESpfpm;ygavh½Sd&m (wpfOD;csif;\avmutjrifrsm;) touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHESpfrsKd;? OD;pm;ay;ESpfrsKd;? vrf;ESpfvrf;(vrf;us,fESifhvrf;usOf;)pojzifh½SdNyD;? þae&mürl aoG;om;ESifh oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ wpfrsKd;onf touf½Sifapum? tjcm;wpfrsKd;onf aojcif;odkYydkYaqmifonf/ þt&mudkyif "r®a[mif;usrf;\ynmqdkif&musrf;rsm;ü xHk;pHtm;jzifh ]]vrf;ESpf vrf;}}[kac:onf/ xm0&touf? 0dnmOftoufpojzifh odjrifem;vnfavmufaom xl;jcm;rIrsm;½Sdonf/ (aoG;om;aemuf vdkufjcif;ESifh 0dnmOfaemufvdkufjcif;wdkYrSm qefYusifbufrsm;jzpfonf/)

"r®oabmqdkif&m þtaMumif;t&mwpfckvHk; (a&mr 1-8)ü pmwefpum;vHk;rygaMumif; rSwfom;yg/ a&mr 16;20 rwdkifrcsif; olYtm; razmfjyacs/ pl;pdkufrIjyKonfrSm vlom;\tm'Hqdkif&m usqif;aomobm0 jzpfonf/ vlom;onf bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifykefuefrItwGuf? obm0w&m;udk ausmfvGefaomtjzpftysuf wpfckjzpfonfh {'ifO,smOfxJu aoG;aqmifjcif;udk (]]rm&fewfaMumifh igvkyfwm!}})[laom usqif;onfh vlom;\taMumif;jycsufudk þenf;jzifh aygvkonf þjrifuGif;rS z,f½Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/ vlom;ü wm0ef½Sd onf/

C/ þtcef;BuD;ü or®mw&m;trsKd;rsKd;tm; taMumif;t&mtvdkuf tpkvdkufazmfjyjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? [dk[m jyefazmfjy? onf[mjyefqJG,lum azmfjyjcif;jzpfojzifh tusOf;csKHU&ef vGefpGmcufcJonf/

i/ ti,f 12-17ü pdwfcs,HkMunfjcif;taMumif;tm; ,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajymjyonf/

1/ yxrqHk;tcsufrSm urÇmYtjrifajymif;vJvmyHkESifh 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh jzpfajrmufoGm;aom touf ½Sifjcif;yHkpHopfjzpfonf/

2/ bk&m;ocifudk aMumuf½GHUjcif;tpm; rdom;pkcspfjcif;arwåmonf 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh tpm;xdk;0if vmonf/

3/ wwd,rSm uRefawmfwdkY\om;jzpfjcif;t&mtm; oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh twGif;bufrS twnfjyKay;jcif;jzpfonf/

4/ pwkw¬tcsufrSm þtwnfjyKay;jcif;t&mrSm usqif;aomþavmujyóemrsm;ESifh ½kef;uefrIrsm; tv,füyif rSefuefaocsmaejcif;jzpfonf/

ti,f 31-39 rSm w&m;cGifyHkpHjzpfum? "r®a[mif;ya&mzufrsm;\ pma&;[efyHkpHjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifrSm w&m;olBuD;? pmwefrSm w&m;vdk? a,½IrSm ckcHavQmufvJol (tusKd;aqmifa½SUae)ESifh aumif;uifwrefwdkY rSm yGJMunfhy&dowfESifh ,HkMunfolvlom;wdkYrSm pmwef\pGyfpGJcHolrsm;jzpfMuonf/(a,mb 1-2/ Zmc&d 3)/

1/ w&m;Oya'qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;

u/ igwdkYwbufü (i,f -31)

c/ tjypfwif (i,f 33)

*/ ajzmifhrwf&müwnfap (i,f 33)

C/ jypf'PfpD&if (i,f 34)

i/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay; (i,f 34)

2/ w&m;pJGqdkjcif; ]]tb,fol}}(i,f 31? 33? 34 (3-cg)? 35

3/ c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\yHhydk;rprI (i,f 32? 34)

4/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS rcGJxkwfEdkif

u/ avmutajctaersm; (i,f 35)

c/ "r®a[mif;usrf;rS qmvH 44;22 (i,f 36)

*/ atmifjrifjcif; (i,f 37? 39)

C/ obm0vGef tajctaersm; (0g)taMumif;&if;rsm; (i,f 37-39) pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pkrsm;avhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;1-8

1xdkYaMumifh ,ckwGif a,½Ic&pfawmfxJ½Sdolrsm ;twGuf 'PfpD&ifjcif;r½Sdawmhacs/ 2taMumif;rSm c&pfawmfa,½ItxJu toufESifhqdkifaom 0dnmOfawm fw&m;onf tjypfESifhvnf;aumif;? aojcif;ESifh vnf;aumif; qdkifaomw&m;rS oifwdkYudkvGwfajrmufapcJhNyD/ 3taMumif;rlum; ynwfw&m;awmfonf aoG;om;ZmwdaMumifh tm;enf;um? rwwfEkdifa omt&mudk bk&m;ocifonf jyKawmfrlum? rdrd\ om;awmftm; tjypfESifhjynfhaom aoG;om;Z mwd\yHko@mefudkaqmifvsuf? tjypfylaZmf&mtjzpf apvTwfum? tjypfudk aoG;om;Zmwdü jypf'PfpD&ifonf/ 4¤if;rSm aoG;om;ZmwdtvdkrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmftvdktwdkif;vdkufaom igwdkYtxJü y nwfw&m;awmf\ awmif;qdkrIjynfhpHkap&efjzpfonf/ 5taMumif;rlum;? aoG;om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif;vdkufa om olrsm;onf aoG;om;ZmwdESifhqdkifaomt&m rsm;udk pdwfpGJvrf;Muaomfvnf;? 0dnmOfawmf\tvdkt wdkif;vdkuf aomolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfESifh qdkifaomt&mrsm;udk pdwfpGJvrf;Mu\/ 6taMumif;rlum;? aoG;om;Zmwdudk pGJvrf;jcif;onf aojcif; jzpfaomfvnf;? 0dnmOfawmftm; pGJvrf;jcif ;rSm touf½Sifjcif;ESifh Nidrfoufjcif;jzpfonf/ 7tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf aoG;om;ZmwdpGJvef;jcif;onf bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifbufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/taMumif; rSm aoG;om;Zmwdonf bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfudk remcHEkdif/ taMumif;rSm emcHjcif;vnf; rjyKEkdif/ 8aoG;om;Zmwdü usifvnfolrsm;onf bk &m;ocif\pdwfawmfudk rawGYEkdifacs/

NASB ]]xdkYaMumifh ,ckwGif}}- Therefore there is now'' NKJ V, NRSV ''there is therefore now'' TEV ''There is''

]]xdkYaMumifh taMumif;&if;...}} the reason, therefore ¤if;onf aemufydkif;taMumif;t&mtm; jyefíajymjyonf/ tcsKdUonf 7;24-25tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf [kqdkaomfvnf;? 3;21- 7;25tm; &nfnTef;jcif;ydkíjzpfEkdifonf/

 ]]r}} *&d0gusü]]r}}onf t&ifqHk;pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfü½Sdolrsm; (i,f 1-3)ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\tvdk twdkif;vdkufaomolrsm; (i,f 4-11)tm; tav;teufjyK azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ þae&mü y#dnOfw&m;opf\ rsufESmpmESpfrsKd;yg½Sdonf/

1/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmftxJu tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfonf

2/ ¤if;ü touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfckjzpfonfh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m wHkYjyefrIvdktyfonf/ ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapjcif;onf (5;1-11)jrif&onfht&m (tjzpfrSef- INDICATIVE)ESifh pdwfoEÅmefü ½Sdaomt&m(IMPERATIVE)ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ajymqdkazmfjycsufESifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpf onf/



]]Jjypf'PfpD&ifjcif;}} þpum;vHk; katakrima udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;ü oHk;avhr½Sdaomfvnf; vdkufemaqmif ½GufrIr½Sdjcif;twGuf usdefqJjcif;tr*Fvmudk xif[yfaponf/ w&m;a[m 27;26(w&m;a[m 27;26udk usdefqJ jcif;ESifhtwljzpfaom *v 3;10üoHk;onf)/ ]]w&m;½kH;\pD&ifcsuftwdkif; jypf'Pfay;jcif;}}[kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ ¤if;onf ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh qefYusifum w&m;½kH;awmf? w&m;Oya'ESifhqdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm aygvkoHk;aom a0g[m&jzpfum (5;16? 18)"r®opfusrf;rS vTJvQifrnfonfhae&mürQ roHk;acs/ jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;oabmudk pmwefonf bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;tm; y#dnOfw&m;csKd;azgufonf[k pGyfpGJ &müoHk;um? aemufydkif;ü tpöa&;vlrsKd;r[kwfaom a,mbuJhodkYaomolrsm;tm; pGyfpGJ&müoHk;onf/ (a,mb 1-2)/ odkYaomf ,cktcg ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ynwfw&m;bufü c&pfawmfESifhtwl aoqHk;cJhMuNyDjzpf&um; (a&mr 6) ynwfw&m;awmfyifjzpfap? pmwefyifjzpfap? pGyfpGJp&mtaMumif;r½Sdawmhacs/ King James Version bmomjyefusrf;onf ti,f 1ü]]aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf tvdkaemufvdkufaomol}}pum;pktm; jznfhpGufonf/ a½S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf; trsm;tjym;wdkYwGif ti,f 1 ü þpum;pkrygacs/ UBS4onf ¤if;udkcsefxm;um]]A}}tqifh(aocsm)owfrSwfonf/ xdkpum;pkrSm ti,f 4 usrS omygonf/ ¤if;onf "r®oabmt& ti,f 1ESifhvHk;0roifhawmfaomfvnf; ti,f 4 ESifhrl vHk;0udkufnD onf/ ti,f 1-3onf &yfwnfrIqdkif&m oefY½Sif;pifMu,fr (tjzpfrSefudkazmfjyjcif;)jzpfNyD; ti,f 4-11 ürl tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;(6;4\txl;taMumif;t&m) odkYr[kwf c&pfawmfESifhwljcif; (cdkif;ap jcif;-8;29\ txl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg)/ William R. Newell \Romans Verse by Verse (Moody, 1938) \pmrsufESm 289½Sd atmufajcrSwfpkudk rSwfom;yg/

]]bmomjyefusrf;wpfckjzpfaom Revised Version onf}}aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\ tvdkodkY vdkufaomol}}[laompum;pktm; rSefuefpGmcsefxm;onf/ vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 300ausmfu King James bmomjyefaomtcsdefumvrSpí? ,ckuREfkyfwdkYü½Sdaom taumif;qHk;trSefqHk; *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm; jyefvnfawGY½SdvmcJhMuonf/ King James bmomjyefrSpí vufa&;jzifha&;ul;&mü ygvmaomrSm;,Gif;rIrsm; tm; jyifqif&müMumanmif;um? ysif;&dNid;aiGYbG,f&maumif;vSaomfvnf; vGefpGmtusKd;BuD;vSaomtvkyftm; bk&m;ocifudk ½kdaoudkif;½Idif;olrsm;onf qE´jyif;jypGmESifh wnfMunfpGmvkyfcJhMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk; odxm;Muonfhtwdkif; or®musrf;pm\rlv yxrrl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm; uRefawmfwdkYür½Sdawmhacs/ vlom;rsm; yDyD½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,f&ef tNrJpdwf,dkifolvlom;rsm;vufxJ xdkrlvvufa&;usrf;rsm; ½Sdraeap&ef bk&m; ociftvdk½Sdíjzpfonf/

a&mrtcef;BuD; 8 ti,f 1 ukd]]c&pfawmfa,½ItxJü}}pum;pkjzifh tqHk;owf&rSmjzpfNyD; ¤if;twGuf taMumif;&if;av;ck½Sdonf/ (1) ]]aoG;om;ZmwdaemufrvdkufbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\tvdkodkY vdkufaomol}}pum;pk tm; tcef;i,f 1rS csefvSyfxm;&mü *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;\taxmuftxm; BuD;rm;pGm½Sdum? þpum;vHk;rsm; tm; tcef;i,f (4)üxnfh&ef tm;vHk;u oufaoxlaeygonf/ (2) 0dnmOfoabmt& em;vnf&jcif;onf vnf; oabmwlnDonf/ taMumif;rSm þpum;pkudk tcef;i,f 1ü xnfhygu igwdkY\vHkjcHKrIonf bk&m;o cif\0dnmOfawmfay: rrlwnfawmhbJ? rdrdwdkY\avQmufvSrf;rIay:rlwnfjcif; jzpfoGm;aponf/ odkYaomf c&pf awmfa,½ItxJ½Sdoltm;vHk; jypf'PfpD&ifcsufESifhvGwfuif;aMumif; þMo0g'pmwavQmufvHk;ü yGifhvif;pGm oGefoifxm;onf/ odkYr[kwfygu igwdkY\vHkjcHKrIonf c&pfawmftxJ rdrdwdkY\taetxm;aMumifhr[kwfbJ? igwdkY\vdkufavQmufrIay: rlwnfjcif;jzpfoGm;onf/ (3) þpum;pktm; tcef;i,f 4tqHk;üxm;&ef oifhawmf yHkrSm ½Sif;vif;vSonf/ taMumif;rSm ti,f 4onf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;rS ,HkMunfolvGwfajrmufaMumif;tm; ½Sif;vif;a&;om;jcif;r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfol\avQmufvSrf;yHkudk a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/(4)King Jamesbmom jyefusrf;ü tcef;i,f 1tqHk;pum;vHk;rSm wpfrsKd;jzpfum? (usrf;pma&;ul;oltcsKdU\ atmufajcrSwfpk)¤if; onf pvHk;BuD;jzifh a&;aomvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh Aleph, A, B, C, D, F, G, A, D(corr.) wdkYrSmenf;wl tcsKdUaomaumif;rGefonfh pmvHk;ao;jzifha&;onfhpmrlrsm;ESifh a½S;a[mif;bmomjyefusrf;rsm; (Olshausen, Meyer, Alford, J.FESifh Darby \ Synopsis, in loc ü xl;uJaomaqG;aEG; wifjyrI wdkYudkMunfhyg/) odkYaomf w&m;Oya'udk aMumufjcif;aMumifh þgloss pum;enf;wl tjcm;aomaygif;xnfhjcif;rsKd;vnf; tjcm;usrf;ydk'f rsm;üawGY&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\EIwfuywfawmftm; bmomjyef&efESifh xdkbmomjyefusrf;rsm;onfvnf; rl&if; pmrsm;enf;wl tcGifhtmPm½SdNrJ½SdapyHkudk a[NAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;tm; *&dbmomodkYjyefaom Septuagint (Lxx)udk "r®opfusrf;ü &nfnTef;toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh od½Sd&onf/ bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtwGuf csefay;xm;cJhaom tqdkygvufa&;usrf;rsm;ukd av;eufpGmavhvm&mü rdrdwdkY\b0wpfckvHk; qufuyftoHk;jyKcJhMuaomolwdkYaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYü½Sdaom þrQtHhMobG,f&m pHkvif jynfh0onfh bmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;tm; uRefawmfwdkYudk ay;jcif;twGuf bk&m;ocifukd aus;Zl;wifMu&rSm jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkYaom usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd rmeaxmifvTm;aom acwfopf0g'rsm;-Modernist (odkYr[kwf ,cifu]]Higher Critics ac:olrsm;)rsm;ESifh t<uif;rJh? tNrJxm0&cGJjcm;od½SdMu&ayrnf/ taMumif;rSm xdkacwf opf0g'orm;rsm;rSm bk&m;ocifajymcJhaomt&mtm; awGY½SdEkdif&ef euf½Idif;pGm ESdrfhcsNyD;pl;prf;½SmazG&rnfh tpm; bk&m;ocifonf or®musrf;pmxJü þodkYajymoifhaMumif;tm; uRefawmfwdkYudkajymjy&ef wm0ef,lolrsm;jzpfMu aomaMumif;wnf;/ (p.289)



]]c&pfawmfa,½ItxJ½Sdol}} aygvk\þxl;jcm;aompum;pkrSm ,ckacwfopftoHk;tEIef; ]]wpfOD;csif;quf oG,frI}}ESifh twlwljzpfonf/ aygvkonf a,½Iudkodonf? cspfonf? tapcHum? olü0rf;ajrmufonf/ owif; aumif;rSm ,HkMunf&efowif;pum;ESifh BudKqdk&ef yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfonf/ 'roufNrdKU oGm;&mvrf;ray: olESifh awGYcJhaom? aojcif;rSxolc&pfawmfESifh (wref 9)ol\qufqHa&;rS touf½Sif&ef wefcdk;&½Sdonf/ aygvk\ a,½ItaMumif; "r®oabmw&m;rSm a,½IESifhawGYNyD;rS aygufzGm;vmonf/ olonf rdrd\tawGYtMuHKudk ½IyfaxG;aompsmefw&m;rS &½Sdjcif;r[kwfbJ? omoemvkyfief;tm; cGefESifhtm;ESifhvkyf&mrS &½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ (róJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/ ocifbk&m;udk oduRrf;&jcif;rSm olYudktapcH&efjzpfonf/ &ifhusufaomc&pf,mef rSm owif;pum;wpf&yf? yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;ESifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfckjzpfonf! (1;5\ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg)/

8;2]]toufESifhqdkifaom 0dnmOfawmfw&m;...tjypfESifhvnf;aumif;? aojcif;ESifhvnf;aumif;qdkifaomw&m;}} ¤if;\jzpfEkdifacs/ &nfnTef;csufrSm-

1/ tjypfESifhqdkifaomw&m; (a&mr 7;10? 23? 25)ESifh bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmftopf(a&mr 7;6? 22? 25)wdkY\ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;

2/ ]]cspfjcif;arwåmw&m;}}(,mukyf 1;25/ 2;8? 12)\wzufNydKifbuf ]]arma½S\ynwådusrf;}}(7;612)/

3/ acwfa[mif;\wzufNydKifbuf acwfopf

4/ y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh y#dnOfw&m;topfwdkY NydKifbuf(a,& 31;31-34/ "r®opfusrf;\a[NAJ Mo0g'pm)

þqefYusifbufyHkpHrSm qufvufjzpfay:aeonf/

1/ c&pfawmfxJu toufjzpfaom0dnmOfawmfw&m;\NydKifbuf-tjypfESifhaojcif;w&m;/ i,f 2

2/ aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk\NydKifbuf-0dnmOf\tvdk/ i,f 4ESifh 5

3/ aoG;om;ZmwdESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;/ i,f 5

4/ aoG;om;ZmwdESihfqdkifaomt&mrsm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmfESifhqdkifaomt&mrsm;tm; pdwfpGJ vrf;jcif;/ i,f 5

5/ aoG;om;Zmwdtm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmftm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;/ i,f 6

6/ aoG;om;Zmwd\NydKifbuf-0dnmOfawmf/ i,f 9

7/ aovljzpfaom udk,fcE¨m\NydKifbuf-touf½Sifaom0dnmOf/ i,f 10

8/ oifwdkYao&vdrfhrnf\NydKifbuf-oifwdkYtouf½Sifvdrfhrnf/ i,f 13

9/ uRefjzpfjcif;0dnmOfr[kwf\NydKifbuf-om;jzpfapjcif;0dnmOf/ i,f 15

NASB \or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;(pm? 1645)ü a&mrMo0g'pmxJü ynwfw&m;-law(Oya')pum;vHk; oHk;EIef;yHkrsm;taMumif; pdwf0ifpm;p&m pm&if;wpfck½Sdonf/

1/ xdef;csKyfjcif;wefcdk;/ 8;2

2/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfawmf/ 2;17-20/ 9;31/ 10;3-5

3/ arma½S\ynwådusrf; (yxrusrf; ig;usrf;)/ 3;21

4/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wpfckvHk;/ 3;19

5/ Oya'owpfck/ 3;27



NASB, NRSV

NJB ]]oifwdkYudk vGwfajrmufapNyD}}NKJV, TEV ]]ighudk vGwfajrmufapNyD}}

ti,f 2-3onf tcef;BuD; 6 \"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m owif;pum;jzpfonf/ a½S;a[mif;*&d vufa&;usrf;rsm;ü rwlaomemrfpm;tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/

1/ A,D, K&Pvufa&;rlrsm;ü ]]ightm;}}hhjzpfonf/

2/ Aleph, B,F&G wdkYü ]]oifwdkYtm;}}jzpfonf/

3/ aemufydkif;üjzpfaom pmvHk;BuD;jzifha&;onfh Shema ü]]igwdkY}}jzpfonf/ UBS4usrf;jyKolrsm;onf ]]oif}}tm;]]B}}tqifh(aocsmoavmuf)owfrSwfonf/ UBS3url]]D}}tqifh (tvGefcufcJonf)ay;onf/

rluGJrsm;ü awGY&onfhemrfpm;]]igwdkY}}

]]oifwdkY}}(0g) ]]ightm;}}

]]igwdkYtm;}} wdkYonf aygvka&;om;aom pmrsm;ü jyefíay:vmavh½Sdonf/

8;3]]ynwfw&m;awmfrvkyfEkdifonfht&m}}/ arma½S\ynwfw&m;onf aumif;jrwfí oefY½Sif;onfrSefaomf vnf; vlom;onf tm;enf;í tjypfjynfhonf/ (7;12? 16)/ þae&m½Sd Bud,mrSm trSeftm;jzifh emr0daooe adunaton jzpfum? ]]rjzpfEkdif}}[k t"dyÜg,f½Sdavh½Sdonf/ (róJ 19;26/ a[NAJ 6;4? 18/ 10;4/ 11;6)/ odkYaomf ¤if;onf ]]cGeftm;r½Sd}}[kqdkvdkjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (wref 14;8/ a&mr 15;1)/ ynwfw&m;awmf onf vGwfajrmufapjcif;rjyKEkdifacs/ (*v 3;21)/ ¤if;tpm; jypf'PfpD&if&m? aoqHk;ap&mESifh usdefqJ&mjzpf oGm;onf/ (*v 3)



]]aoG;om;ZmwdaMumifh ¤if;onf tm;enf;}}/ ¤if;rSm tcef;BuD;7 üaygvkt"duaqG;aEG;onfht&mjzpf onf/ bk&m;ocif\ynwfw&m;awmfrSm aumif;jrwfum oefY½Sif;aomfvnf; tjypf½Sdí? usqif;um? Ykefuef wwfaomvlom;onf ¤if;\awmif;qdkrIrsm;udk raqmif½GufEkdifacs/ aygvkonf *sL;usrf;wwf&AÁdq&mBuD; rsm;enf;wlr[kwfbJ? urÇmOD; 3\tusKd;qufrsm;ukd tav;teufjyKonf/ *sL;usrf;wwfq&mBuD;trsm;pkwdkY onf þavmutwGif; tjypfudkvIHYaqmfonfrSm urÇmOD; 6rSjzpfonf[kqdkMuonf/

 ]]bk&m;ocifonf jyKawmfrlum? rdrdom;awmftm;...apvGwf}} y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;ü usqif;aom vlom;rjyKEkdifcJhonfht&mudk y#dnOfw&m;opfü bk&m;ocifonf (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;22-36) a,½Itm;jzifh jyKawmfrlcJhonf/ (a[½Sm 53/ a, 3;16)/ bk&m;ocifonf jyifyo@mefqdkif&m awmif;qdkrIrsm; jyKjcif;tpm; twGif;o@mefqdkif&m 0dnmOfawmf? topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfwdkYudk yHhydk;ay;cJhonf/ þy#dnOfw&m;opfonf vlom;\aqmif½GufrIay: tajcrjyKbJ? aemifw&jcif;ESifh c&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom tvkyftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;rIay: tajcjyKygonf/ ({zuf 2;8-9)/ odkYaomf y#dnOfw&m;ESpfrsKd;vHk;wdkYonf bk&m;w&m;ESifh avsmfnDaom touf½Sifjcif;yHkpHopftm; arQmfvifhonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/



]]tjypfESifhjynfhaom aoG;om;Zmwd\yHko@mefudkaqmifvsuf}} tvm;wlor®mw&m;udk zdvdyÜd 2;7-8ü azmfjyonf/ a,½Iü vlom;ukd,fcE¨mppfppf½SdcJhonf/ (odkYaomf tjypf½Sdaomobm0r[kwfacs/ zd 2;7-8/ a[NAJ 7;26)/ olonf igwdkYppfppfyifjzpfonf/ olon igwdkYenf;wl t&mtm;vHk;ü pHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif; cHcJhaomfvnf;? tjypfrjyKcJhacs/ (a[NAJ 4;15)/ olonf uRefawmfwdkYay: em;vnfrI½Sdonf/ olonf uRefawmf wdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/ (8;34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24)/



]]tjypfylaZmf&mtjzpf}}/ ]]ylaZmf&m}}pum;pkudk NJB ESifh NRSV wdkYü xnfhxm;onf/ þoabmudk 2aum 5;21 ESifh 1ay 2;24wdkYü awGY&onf/ a,½IrSm taocH&ef<uvmonf(a[½Sm 53;4-6? 10-12/ rmuk 10;45)/ a,½I\tjypfuif;pifaom touf(tjypfwifp&muif;aom)onf vlom;tm;vHk;\(a[NAJ 10;6? 8/ 13;11)tjypfajz&mjzpfvmonf/ (a,m 1;29)/

 ]]tjypfudk aoG;om;Zmwdü jypf'PfpD&ifonf/}} a,½I\udk,fcE¨maoqHk;rIonf vlom;wpfOD;csif;jyK aomtjypfrsm;(arma½S\ynwfw&m;jyKouJhodkY)omvQifr[kwfbJ? vlom;\tjypfobm0 jyóemav;euf aMumif;jyoum? ajz½Sif;onf/ bk&m;ocif\xm0&a½G;EIwfjcif;&nf½G,fcsufudk NyD;pD;aponfrSm ol\b0 toufwm? ol\taocHjcif;? jyef½Sifjcif;ESifh aumif;uifbHkodkY jyefwufjcif;rsm;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 2;23/

3;18/ 4;28/ 13;29)/ olonf vlom;rsm; rnfodkYjzpfEkdifaMumif;ESifh rnfodkYjzpf&rnftaMumif;udkvnf; uRefawmfwdkYudk jyocJhonf/ (a,m[ef 13;15/ 1ay 2;21)/

8;24 þti,fonf y#dnOfw&m;opftm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifonf/ (a,& 31;33 ESifh a,Z 36;26-27)/ ¤if;onf uRefawmfwdkY\u,fwifjcif;ü u@ESpf&yfaqmif½Gufonf/

1/ a,½Ionf y#dnOfw&m;a[mif;\awmif;qdkrIrsm;ukd jynhfpHkapum? olYtm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif; tm;jzifh ol\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;udk ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf tcrJhvufaqmiftjzpf ajymif;vTJay; onf/ xdkodkYjyK&mü ,HkMunfolwdkYü xdkufwefrI½Sdr½SdESifh roufqdkifay/ ¤if;udk ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapjcif;^ajzmifhrwfapjcif;(odkY)&yfwnfrItm;jzifh oefY½Sif;pifMu,frI[k uRefawmfwdkYac:Mu onf/

2/ bk&m;ocifonf ,HkMunfolwdkYudk topfaomESvHk;? topfaompdwfESifh topfaom0dnmOfay; onf/ ,ckuRefawmfwdkYonf 0dnmOfawmftxJ avQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfum? aoG;om;Zmwdü avQmuf vSrf;jcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;ud wdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;[kac:onf/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;rSm topfaomy#dnOfjyKjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfum? ¤if;ü tcGifhta&; (u,fwifjcif;vuf aqmif)ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;(c&pfawmfESifhwljcif; 6;13)ESpfrsKd;pvHk;yg0ifonf/

Jerome \or®musrf;pmteufzGifhusrf; (pm? 315)ü o'´gydkif;qdkif&m pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aom aumufcsufcsrIwpfckjyKum? PRESENT PARTICIPLE udk]]ightm;}}qdkonfhpum;vHk;jzifh jznfhpGufvdkufjcif;jzpf onf/ xdkokdYjyKjcif;aMumifh cRif;csufygaomazmfjyrIwpfck jzpfoGm;apum? xda&mufaomc&pf,meftoufwmrSm AdwåZHjcif;tm;jzihf tvdktavsmufjzpfvmonfr[kwf[k qdkaomoabmaqmifoGm;aponf/ uRefawmfwdkYvlom; rsm;onf u,fwifjcif;tm; a½G;cs,f&efjzpfonfenf;wl? c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif;udkvnf; a½G;cs,f&efjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYudk OD;aqmifum cGeftm;ay;aeaomfvnf;? vdkufemaqmif½Guf&ef twif;t"r®r jyKacs/  ]]aoG;om;ZmwdtvdkrvdkufbJ? 0 dnmOfawmftvdktwdkif;vdkufaom}} tvm;wlqefYusifbufoabmudk *v 5;16-25ü awGY&onf/ ajzmifhrwfonf[k w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&oltm; ajzmifhrwfaomb0toufwm vdkufvm&rSmjzpfonf/ y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&m topfaomESvHk;ESifh pdwfrSmu,fwifjcif;twGufr[kwfbJ? ¤if;\ tusKd;qufjzpfay:ap&efjzpfonf/ xm0&toufü odom? jrifomaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;½Sdonf/ (róJ 7)!

8;5 aygvkonf ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}}ü touf½Sifjcif;ESifh ]]0dnmOfawmf}} ü touf½Sifjcif;wdkYudk i,f 5-8ü EIdif;,SOfjyonf/ (aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk *v 5;19-21ESifh ]]0dnmOfawmftoD;}}- 5;22-25)/ 8;2 \rSwfcsuf tjynfhtpHkMunfhyg/ 8;6]]pdwfpGJvef;}}/ rsufvHk;ESifhem;wdkYrSm 0dnmOf\jywif;aygufrsm;jzpfaMumif; *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYoabmaygufonf/ tjypfonf tawG;urÇmrS tpjyKonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\umvMum½SnfawGUonfhtwdkif; jzpfvmMu onf/ (a&mr 12;1-2/ zd 4;8)! aygvkonf vlom;rsm;txJ½Sdaom ]]&nf½G,fcsuf}}ESpfrsKd; (yetzers)ESifhqdkifí *sL;usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ a½S;½kd;pOfvmtjrifudk rvdkufacs/ aygvkajymonfrSm usqif;aomzefqif;cHvlom;txJü aumif;aom &nf½G,fcsufr½SdbJ? ¤if;onf 'kwd,arG;jcif;&NyD;rS pwifonf[líjzpfonf/ twGif;0dnmOfwdkufyGJrSm oefY½Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yf&mrS tpjyKvmonf[líjzpf\/ (a,m 16;7-14)/

]]touf}}/ touf(zoe)onf uyfumvtopfü½Sdaom toufjzpfonfh xm0&toufudk &nfnTef;onf/

]]Nidrfoufjcif;}} þa0g[m&\rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm]]usKd;yJhaomt&mudk ydk;ícsnfxm;onf}}[líjzpf\/ (a,m 14;27/ 16;33/ zd 4;7)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /Nidrfoufjcif;-5;1üMunfhyg/ "r®opfusrf;ü Nidrfoufjcif;peace pum;vHk;toHk;jyKyHk oHk;rsKd;½Sdonf/



1/ c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocifESifhuRefawmfwdkY&½Sdaom Nidrfoufjcif;jzpfonfh jrifEkdifaomor®mw&m; (aum 1;20)

2/ bk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefaeonf[k uRefawmfwdkYpdwfxJü cHpm;&jcif;^a,m 14;27/ 16;33/ zd 4;7)

3/ *sL;vlrsKd;ESifh tjcm;wyg;vlrsKd;wdkYtm; c&pfawmftm;jzifh topfaomcE¨mudk,fwpfcktxJ bk&m;o cifaygif;pnf;ay;jcif; ({zuf 2;14-17/ aum 3;15)/

8;7-11/ bk&m;ocifxHrS uGJxGufaomvlom;udk aygvka&;om;azmfjyyHk trsKd;rsKd;½Sdonf/

1/ bk&m;ociftm; &efbufjyKjcif;- i,f 7

2/ bk&m;ociftm; remcHjcif; - i,f 7

3/ bk&m;ocif auseyfap&ef rwwfEkdifjcif;- i,f 8

4/ 0dnmOftm;jzifh aoaeum? xm0&aoqHk;jcif; jzpfoGm;ap- i,f 10-11 a&mr 5;6? 8ESifh10wdkY\ qifwlrIudkMunfhyg/

8;7

NASB, NRSV ]]aoG;om;ZmwdpGJvrf;jcif;onf bk&m; ociftm; qefYusifbufjyKjcif;jzpfonf}}

NKJV

]]aoG;om;pdwfonf bk&m;ociftm; &efbufjyKjcif;jzpfonf}}

TEV ]]olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ &efolrsm;jzpfvmMuonf}}

NJB ]]tpDtpOftwdkif;r[kwfaom vlYobm0\p dwfaeoabmxm;rSm bk&m;ociftm; qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf}} þpum;pkonf ]]aoG;om;Zmwdpdwftm; pdwfpGJvrf;jcif;onf aojcif;jzpf\}}[laom ti,f 6ESifh ]]aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkvkdufí avQmufaomol}}qdkonfh ti,f 5u pum;pkwdkYESifh tvm;qifwljzpfaeyHkudk owd jyKyg/ usqif;aomvlom;\obm0rSm pdwfpGJvrf;rI (urÇmYtjrif)ESifh touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH(7;5)ESpfrsKd;pvHk;jzpf aMumif; rSwfom;yg/ txl;taMumif;t&m aoG;om;Zmwd (sarx)taMumif;1;3üMunfhyg/

 ]]taMumif;rSm emcHjcif;vnf;rjyKEkdif/}} usqif;aomvlom;onf bk&m;ocifudkvdkuf&ef a½G;cs,fjcif;rjyK onf omru? bk&m;ocifudkvkdufjcif;iSgvnf; rwwfEdkifMuacs/ usqif;aomvlom;onf oefY½Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ulnDrIr&ojzifh 0dnmOfa&;&mudpörsm;tm; wHkYjyefrIrjyKEdkifacs/ (a[½Sm 53;6/ 1ay 2;24-25)/ bk&m;ocifudk,fwdkif tpjyKOD;avh½Sd&rSmjzpfonf/ (a,m 6;44? 65)/ ¤if;onf y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&m a½G;cs,frIjyK&jcif;wdkYudk z,fxkwfjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; vlom;wdkYrSm wHkYjyefolrsm;jzpfNyD;? tpjyKolrsm;r[kwf aMumif; ½Sif;vif;pGm a&;om;xm;onf/

8;8 ]]aoG;om;Zmwdü usifvnfolrsm;}} aygvkonf þpum;pkoHk;EIef;yHk ESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/ 1/ ½kyfcE¨mudk,f (a&mr 1;3/ 2;28/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5)

2/ bk&m;ocifrygyJ? vlom;\tm;xkwfrI (a&mr 7;5/ 8;4-5) þae&mü #2yHkpHjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ykefuefaom? r,HkMunfaomvlom;rsKd;EG,fudk&nfnTef;onf/ txl; taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om; Zmwd(sarx)-1;3üMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;9-11

9rnfodkYjzpfap oifwdkYtxJü bk&m;ocif\0dn mOfawmf trSefusdef;0yfaeygu oifwdkYonf aoG;om; ZmwdxJür½SdbJ? 0dnmOfawmfxJü½SdMu\/ odkYaomf c&pfawmf\0dnmOfr½Sdaomolonf bk&m; ocifydkifqdkif&m r[kwfacs/ 10oifwdkYtxJ c&pfawmf½Sdygu? cE¨mudk ,fonf tjypfaMumifh aoaomf vnf; 0dnmOfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;aMumifh touf½Sifonf/ 11odkYaomf a,½Iudk aoaomolrsm;teufrS xapawmfrlol\0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYtxJusdef; 0yfaeygu? c&pfawmfa,½Itm; aoaomolrsm; teufrSxapolonf oifwdkYtxJusdef;0yfol rdrd\0 dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aowwfaomoifwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mudkyif touf½Sifapvdrfhrnf/ 8;9]]vQif^ygu}}/ cRif;csuf0guswGJrsm; ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13(ESpfcg)? 17 (ESpfcg)wdkYüyg½Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkY tm;vHk;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfum? pma&;ol\tjrifrSm trSef[krSwf,lxm;csufrsm; (0g)ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ aygvkonf a&mrNrdKUtoif;awmfrS rdrd\pmudk zwf½Iem;axmifolrsm;tm; ,HkMunfolrsm; tjzpfrSwf,lonf/ (i,f 9)

]]c&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmf/}} vlwdkYonf 0dnmOfawmf½Sdojzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;odkYr[kwf? 0dnmOfawmfr½Sdojzifh 0dnmOft&mü aysmufqHk;aeolrsm; wpfckckjzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk; u,fwifjcif;&csdef oefY½Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf&½SdMuonf/ olYtm; aemufxyfydk&½Sd&ef rvdktyfawmhacs/ oluomvQif uRefawmfwdkYudk aemufxyf ydkí&½Sd&efvdktyfonf

ti,f 9 u]]0dnmOfawmf}} ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}}ESifh

]]c&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmf}}wdkYtm;vHk;rsm; twlwlyifjzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/a,½IESifh0dnmOfawm

0dnmOfawmf\tvkyfESifh om;awmf\tvkyfESpfrsKd;wdkYrSm yHkaoowfrSwfjcif;r½Sdacs/ G. Campbell Morgan u0dnmOfawmf\ taumif;qHk;emrnfrSm ]]tjcm;aoma,½I}} jzpfonf[kqdkonf/ (odkYaomf olwdkYrSm uGJjym; aom? xm0&oD;jcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfonf)/ atmufwGif om;awmfESihf0dnmOfawmfwdkY\tvkyfESifh bGJYemrawmfwdkY udk ,SOfazmfjyonf/

1/ 0dnmOfawmfudk ]]a,½I\0dnmOfawmf}} (odkY)tjcm;tvm;wljzifh azmfjyrIrsm; (a&mr 8;9/ 2aum 3;17/ *v 4;6/ 1ay 1;11/)

2/ ESpfyg;pvHk;wlnDaom a0g[m&jzihfac:onf

u/ ]]or®mw&m;}} (1) a,½I (a,m 14;6)

(2) 0dnmOfawmf (a,m 14;17/ 16;13)

c/ tusKd;aqmifa½SUae^OyZösm,fq&m (1) a,½I (1a,m 2;1)

(2) 0dnmOfawmf (14;16? 26/ 15;26/ 16;7)

*/ oefY½Sif;

(1) a,½I (vkum 1;35/ 4;34)

(2) 0dnmOfawmf (vkum 1;35)

3/ ESpfyg;pvHk; ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef;0yf u/ a,½I (róJ 28;20/ a,m 14;20? 23/ 15;4-5/ a&mr 8;10/ 2aum 13;5/ *v 2;20/ {zuf 3;17/ aum 1;27 c/ 0dnmOfawmf (a,m 14;16-17/ a&mr 8;9? 11/ 1aum 3;16/ 6;19/ 2wd 1;14) */ crnf;awmf (a,m 14;23/ 2aum 6;16)

8;10]]vQif^ygu/}} ¤if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufrsKd;jzpfonf/ (ei ]]jzpfvdrfhrnf}}[krSwf,lrIjzpfaom INDICA –TIVE Bud,m)/ aygvkonf ol\pmzwfolrsm; (a&mrNrdKUawmfu toif;awmf)rSm

1/ c&pfawmf usdef;0yf&molrsm; 2/ olwdkYtv,fü c&pfawmf½Sdae&molrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lonf/

]]oifwdkYtxJü½Sdaom c&pfawmf}}/ c&pfawmf[laom a0g[m&rSm txJü usdef;0yfawmfrlol om;awmf^ 0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ (a,m 14;16-17/ aum 1;27)/ vlwdkYü om;awmf^0dnmOf½Sdum? odkYr[kwfvQif c&pf,mefrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ (1a,m 5;12)/ aygvktvdkt& ]]c&pfawmftxJ}}qdkonfrSm "r®oabmw&m; t&]]0dnmOfawmftxJü}}ESifh twlwljzpfonf/



]]udk,fcE¨monf tjypfaMumifh aoaomfvnf;}}/ c&pf,mefrsm;yif jzpfaomfvnf; tm'H\tjypf usqif; aomavmuESifh vlwpfOD;csif;\ykefuefrIaMumifh(5;12-21) udk,fcE¨monf aoqHk;oGm;&\/ tjypfonf olY uHMur®mtwdkif; oGm;&onfomjzpf\/ 0dnmOft&mü aoqHk;jcif;onf (urÇm 3/ {zuf 2;1)udk,fcE¨mao qHk;aponf/ (urÇm 5/ a[NAJ 9;27/ 8;13\rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/) ,HkMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfacwfopfxJ touf½Sifaexdkif&onfenf;wl? tjypfESifhykefuefjcif; acwfa[mif;üyg touf½SifaexdkifMuonf/(i,f 21?35)  ]]aomfvnf; 0dnmOfonf ajzmifhrwfj cif;w&m;aMumifh touf½Sifonf}}/ þae&mü ]]0dnmOf}}onf vlom;\0dnmOf (NASB, ASB, NIV, Willaims, Jerusalem Bible) odkYr[kwf oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf (KJV, TEV, REB, Karl Barth, C.K. Barrett, John Murry ESifhEverett Harrison) &nfnTef;aMumif;ü bmomjyef usrf;rsm;ESifh teufzGifholrsm; oabmxm;jcif;rwlMuacs/ þwdkawmif;aompum;pkudk ydkrdkus,fjyefYaompm tquftpyfrsm;tm;jzifh em;vnf&onf/ c&pfawmf udk,HkMunfudk;pm;olrsm;yifvQif usqif;aom þavmuü touf½SifaexdkifMuojzifh aoqHk;oGm;Murnfom jzpfonf/ odkYaomf a,½Itm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;&mrS &aomajzmifhrwfjcif;aMumifh olwdkYü xm0&touf½SdaeNyDjzpf onf/ ({zuf 2;4-6)/ ¤if;rSm ]]½SdNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; tcsdefrusao;}}aom bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf twdkif;tq jzpfonf/ acwfa[mif;ESifh acwfopfwdkYon wpfckESifhwpfck xyfvsuf½Sdonf/





]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;}}/ þusrf;ydk'fü ¤if;pum;pk &nfnTef;onfrSm

1/ c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfjcif; (a&mr 4)rSvmaom oGyfoGif;ay;onfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;(ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfaeapjcif;ESifh &yfwnfrItm;jzifh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;)

2/ a½G;EIwfjcif;cH&aom touf\taxmuftxm;jzpfaom 0dnmOfawmftxJ topfaomtoufwm (qufvufjzpfay:aeaom oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;)/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;17üMunfhyg/

8;11]]vQif^ygu}}/ tcef;i,f 9 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/  ]]a,½Itm; aoaomolrsm;teufrS xap ol\0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYtxJusdef;0yf}}/ oHk;yg;wpfql rS rnfonfhyk*¾dKvfonf ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef;0yfoenf;? c&pf,meftrsm;pkonf]]0dnmOfawmf}}[k tajz ay;Muvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;rSm rSefaomfvnf; trSefpifppf oHk;yg;wpfql\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; ,HkMunfolrsm;txJ usdef; 0yfawmfrlonf/

1/ 0dnmOfawmf/ a,m 14;16-17/ a&mr 8;11/ 1aum 3;16/ 6;19/ 2wd 1;14/

2/ om;awmf/ róJ 28;20/ a,m 14;20? 23/ 15;4-5/ a&mr 8;10/ 2aum 13;5/ *v 2;20/ {zuf 3;17/ aum 1;27

3/ crnf;awmf/ a,m 14;23/ 2aum 6;16 "r®opfusrf;onf a½G;EIwftvkyfrsm;ukd oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; yg0ifvkyfudkifaMumif; azmfjy avh½SdyHkudkjyo&ef þpum;pkrSm tvGefaumif;rGefaom tcGifhaumif;wpfckjzpfonf/

1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;onf a,½Iudk xaponf/ (wref 2;24/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30? 33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr 6;4/ 9/ 10;9/ 1aum 6;14/ 2aum 4;14/ *v 1;1/ {zuf 1;20/ aum 2;12/ 1ouf 1;10)

2/ om;awmfbk&m;onf olYukd,folxonf/ (a,m 12;19-22/ 10;17-18)

3/ 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;onf a,½Iudk xaponf (a&mr 8;11)tvm;wl oHk;yg;wpfqltm; tav; teufjyKrIudk ti,f 9-11üvnf; awGYEkdifonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /oHk;yg;wpfql

oHk;yg;wpfql\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk; aygif;pyfvkyfaqmifaomusrf;ydk'frsm;ukd rSwfom;yg/ ]]oHk;yg;wpfql}} a0g[m&udk Tertullian-wmwlvsef;qdkol yxrqkH; xGifvdkufjcif;jzpfum? or®musrf;pm\pum;vHk; twdtus r[kwfaomfvnf;? xdktaMumif; or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;üysHUESHYonf/ u/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;

1/ róJ 3;16-17/ 28;19(ESifhtvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;)

2/ a,m[ef 14;26 c/ wrefawmf0w¬K-wref 2;32-33/ 38-39 */ aygvk

1/ a&mr 1;4-5/ 5;1? 5/ 8;1-4? 8-10

2/ 1aum 2;8-10/ 12;4-6

3/ 2aum 1;21/ 13;14

4/ *v 4;4-6

5/ {zuf 1-3-14? 17/ 2;18/ 3;14-17/ 4;4-6

6/ 1ouf 1;2-5

7/ 2ouf 2;13 8/ wdwk 3;4-6

C/ ayw½k - 1ay 1;2

i/ ,k' - i,f 20-21

bk&m;ocifrSm trsm;jyudef;jzpfaMumif; "r®a[mif;usrf;ü t&dyft>rwfazmfjyonf/ u/ bk&m;ociftm; trsm;jyudef;jzifh azmfjyjcif;

1/ a[NAJpum;vHk; {avm[Jrf-Elohim rSm A[k0kpf(trsm;jyudef;)jzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifüoHk;onfh tcg tenf;jyuddef;jzihfoHk;avh½Sdonf/

2/ ]]igwdkY}}- urÇm 1;26-27/ 3;22/ 11;7

c/ bk&m;ocif\aumif;uifwrefonf bk&m;\jrifEkdifaomudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf/

1/ urÇm 16;7-13/ 22;11-15/ 31;11? 13/ 48;15-16

2/ xGuf 3;2? 4/ 13;21/ 14;19

3/ w&m;olBuD; 2;1/ 6;22-23/ 13;3-22

4/ Zm 3;1-2

*/ bk&m;ocifESifh olY0dnmOfawmfwdkYudk oD;jcm;cGJxm;onf/ urÇm 1;1-2/ qm 104;30/ a[½Sm 63;9-11/ a,Z 37;13-14

C/ bk&m;ocif(YHWH)ESifh ar½Sd, (Adon)wdkYudk oD;jcm;cGJonf/ qm 45;6-7/110;1/Zm 2;8-11/ 10;9-12 i/ ar½Sd,ESifh 0dnmOfawmfukd oD;jcm;cGJonf/ Zm 12;10 p/ oHk;yg;pvHk;udk a[½Sm 48;16/ 61;1wdkYüazmfjyonf/ a,½Ionf bk&m;jzpfjcif;ESifh 0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfjcif;wdkYaMumihf bk&m;wpfqlwnf; ½Sdonf[laom t,ludk usyfwnf;pGm udkifpGJolueOD; ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf jyóemjzpfcJhonf/

1/ wmwl;vsef; (Tertullian)-om;awmfonf crnf;awmf\vufatmufcHjzpfonf/

2/ atmf&D*sif(Origen)-om;awmfESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkY\ tESpfom&rSm vufatmufcHbk&m;rsm;jzpf onf/

3/ {&D;,m;pf (Arius)-om;awmfESihf0dnmOfawmfwdkY bk&m;r[kwf[k jiif;qefonf/

4/ armfemcsm0g' (Monarchianism)-bk&m;ocifonf crnf;awmftjzpf? om;awmftjzpfESifh aemuf qHk;ü 0dnmOfawmftjzpf qufwdkufay:vGifxif½Sm;onf[k ,HkMunfonf/ oHk;yg;wpfqlrSm or®m usrf;pmyg taMumif;t&mrsm;\ajymjyrIt& &mZm0ifESifhtnD wdk;wufjzpfaomwduspGm azmfjyrI wpfckjzpfonf/

1/ a,½Ionf tjynfht0bk&m;jzpfaMumif;? crnf;awmfESifh wef;wljzpfaMumif;tm; at? 'D 325 Edkif;½Sm;aumifpD (Nicea Council)wGif twnfjyKonf/

2/ 0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvftjynfht0ESifh bk&m;jzpfaMumif;? crnf;awmfESifhom;awmfESifh wef;wljzpf aMumif;wdkYtm; uGefpwifwDEdky,faumifpD (Constantinople) onf twnfjyKcJhonf/ (at? 'D 381)

3/ oHk;yg;wpfql t,l0g'udk atmf*pfpwif;\De Trinitate pmtkyfü tjynfhtpHkazmfjyonf/ ¤if;rSm trSefyif eufeJqef;us,fonf/ odkYaomf xm0&yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;jzifh ay:vGifxif½Sm;aom bk&m; wpfql\tESpfom&udk "r®opfusrf;u twnfjyKonf[kqdk&ayrnf/



]]aowwfaomoifwdkY\udk,fcE¨mudk yif touf½Sifapvdrfhrnf/}} Bud,mrSm tem*wf\tjzpfrSefwpf &yfjzpfaom jyef½Sifxajrmuf&maeYudk azmfjyaom FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ a,½IESifh olYaemuf vkdufolrsm;\ jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;ESpfrsKd;vHk;rSm tqHk;tjzwfay;aom ta&;BuD;tcsufjzpfonf/(1aum 15;1/

2aum 4;14)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh xm0&umvü ½SdaeMurnfudk c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;u twnfjyKajymqdkonf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ c&pfawmfukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh xaponfqdkygu (1aum 15;12-21) olYaemufvdkufrsm;udkvnf; xapvdrfhrnf/ (i,f 23)



NASB, NKJV

NRSV, NJB

REB, NET

]]ol\0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh}}

NRSB ]]ol\0dnmOfaMumifh}}

TEV

]]ol\0dnmOfawmf½Sdaejcif;tm;jzifh}}

þpum;pk\ o'´gzGJYpnf;yHkESifhuGJjym;í azmfjyaomvufa&;rIwpfck½Sdonf/

1/ ydkifqdkifrIjyyk'f GENITIVE tjzpf MSS Aleph, A, C, Pc

2/ uwåm;yk'f (tjyKcHyk'f) ACCUSATIVE MSS B, D, F, G UBS4onf ydkifqdkifrIjyyk'f GENITIVE-''B"(aocsmoavmuf)tqifhüowfrSwfonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;12-17

12odkYjzpfí nDtpfudkwdkY? igwdkYon aoG;om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif; touf½Sif&rnftaMumif;? aoG;om;Zmwdü wm0ef½SdMuonfr[kwfacs/ 13taMumif;rlum; oifonf aoG;om;Zmwdtvdktwdkif; touf½Sifygu aoqHk;vdrfhrnf/ odkYaom udk,fcE¨mvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh aoqHk;ap ygu? touf½Sifvdrfhrnf/ 14taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifjcif; cH,lolrsm; tm;vHk;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\om; rsm;jzpfMu\/ 15taMumif;rlum; oifwdkYonf aemufwzef aMumuf ½GHUapaom uRefpdwfwpfrsKd;&Muonf r[kwfbJ? ]]tAÁ? tz}}[líatmfac:&m om;rsm;jzpfapjcif; pdwf&Mu\/ 16igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;jzpfaMum if; 0dnmOfawmfonf oludk,fwdkif igwdkY\ 0dnmOfESifhtwl oufaocH\/ 17om;jzpfygu tarGcHolrsm;? bk&m;ocif\tarGcHrsm;jzpfum? igwdkY onf udk,fawmfESihftwl bkef;BuD;apjcif;udkvnf;cH Ekdif&ef udk,fawmfESifhtwl wu,f'ku©cHygu? c&pfawmfESifhtwl tarGcHabmf? cHbufrsm;vnf;jzpfMu\/}}

8;12 ]]odkYjzpfí}} aygvkonf ti,f 1-11½Sd rdrdwifjycsufonf bmudkqdkvdkaMumif; qufvuf½Sif;vif;oGm; onf/  ]]wm0ef½SdMuonf...}}/ ¤if;rSm c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrI\ tjcm;aomrsufESmpmwpfckjzpfonf/ (14;115;13)/ ¤if;rSm jzpf&yfwpfcktm;azmfjyjcif;(INDICATIVE)ESifh qufvufjzpfay:aeaomt&m (cdkif;apjcif;txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4üMunhhfyg)ESpfrsKd;vHk;jzpfonfh oefY½Sif;pifMu,fjcif;taMumif;aqG;aEG;csuf ti,f 111 tm; ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf usqif;aomZmwda[mif;ESifh qufvufwdkufcdkuf oGm;Mu&rSmjzpfaMumif;udkvnf; xif½Sm;pGmjyonf/ (6;12-19/ 7;7-24/ 1aum 6;18-19/ {zuf 6;10-19)/ þae&müjyKvkyf&ef a½G;cs,frI(tpjyK,HkMunfjcif;)ESifhjyKvkyf&ef qufvufa½G;cs,foGm;jcif;[lí½Sdygonf/ (touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH)!

8;13]]ygu}}/ ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13ESifh 17 (ESpfcg)wdkYü cRif;csuf0gusrsm; qufwdkufyg½Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkY tm;vHk;rSm pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif;(0g)ol\pma&;[efjzpfaom yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf 0gusrsm;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\pmzwfolrsm;jzpfonfh a&mrNrdKUtoif;om;rsm;udk 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh touf½Sif aomc&pf,mefrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lonf/ odkYaomf taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm jzpfay:vmonfht&mrsm; vnf;½Sdayao;onf/ (Oyrm ,HkMunfolrsm;\yl;aygif;aqmif½GufrI^wHkYjyefrI)/



]]oifonf aoG;om;Zmwdtvdktwdki f; touf½Sif...aoqHk;vdrfhrnf}}

ti,f 13½Sd Bud,mESpfckpvHk;rSm ypöKyÜefumvjyjzpfNyD; qufvufjzpfay:aeaom vkyfaqmifrIudkajymonf/ or®musrf;pmonf aoqHk;jcif; tqifhoHk;qifhazmfjyonf/

1/ 0dnmOfaojcif; (urÇm 2;17/ 3;1-7/ {zuf 2;1)

2/ udk,fcE¨maojcif; (urÇm 5)

3/ xm0&aojcif; (Asm 2;11/ 20;6? 4/ 21;8)/ þusrf;ydk'füajymonfrSm tm'H\0dnmOfaoqHk;jcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfNyD;(urÇm 3;14-19)¤if;\&v'f aMumifh vlom;rsKd;EG,f\udk,fcE¨maoqHk;&onf/(urÇmOD; 5)

tm'H\tjypfonf vlom;tm; aojcif;w&m;udk awGYMuHKcHpm;aponf/ (5;12-21)/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYpdwfqE´tm;jzifh tjypfxJckef0if&ef a½G;cs,fMuonf/ ¤if;txJ qufvufaeoGm;&ef a½G;cs,fcJhMuygu? ¤if;onf rdrdwdkYudk ]]xm0&}}taoowfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (Asm 20;6? 14 ]]'kwd,aojcif;}}) uRefawmfwdkY c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh tjypfbufESifh twå^Zmwdbufü c&pfawmfESifhxyfwlxyfrQ ,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifh aoqHk;Muum? bk&m;ocifü touf½SifMu&rnfjzpfonf/(a&mr 6)

 ]]cE¨mudk,fvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd 0dnmOfawmf tm;jzifh aoqHk;apygu touf½Sifvdrfhrnf}}/ ,HkMunf olrsm;\u,fwifjcif;pdwfcs&rIudk olwdkY\c&pf,meftoufwmonf cdkifvHkapum(0g)? ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/ ("r®opfxJu ,mukyfESifh1a,m[efMo0g'pmrsm;)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf þtoufwmtopfudk rdrdwdkY\ BudK;pm;rItm;jzifh touf½SifMuonfr[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmf\pGrf;tm;jzifhjzpfonf/(i,f 14)/ odkYaomf olwdkY onf 0dnmOfawmftkyfxdef;rItm; aeYpOfemcH&ayrnf/ ({zuf 5;17-18/ 6;10-18)/ þusrf;ydk'fürl ]]udk,fcE¨mvkyfaqmifrIrsm;}}[kqdk&mü tjypfESifhjynhfaom þuyfumvta[mif;ESifh qdkifaomb0toufwmtjzpf awGYjrif&onf/ (*v 5;19-21)/ udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh wnf½SdaerIudk xm0&jywf awmufoGm;apjcif;r[kwfbJ?( 8;23)txJü usdef;0yfaom0dnmOfawmf (uyfumvtopf)ESifh tjypf(uyfumv ta[mif;)wdkY rjywfrvyfwdkufcdkufaejcif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/

8;14]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifrI cH,lolrsm;tm;vHk;wdkYonf}} ¤if;rSm 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyrItm; qufvufcH,loGm;jcif;udk azmfjyonfh PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYudk c&pfawmfxHokdY ydk;yef;um(a,m 6;44? 65)NyD;vQif uRefwdkYtxJü c&pfawmfudkazmfaqmif onf/ (i,f 29-30)/ c&pf,mefjzpfjcif;onf qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckcsrSwf½kHxuf rsm;pGmydkygonf/ ¤if;onf qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckjzifhtpjyKum(10;9-13/ a,m 1;12/ 3;16)qufvufí aemufvdkufwynfhawmfjzpfoGm; jcif;jzpfonf/(róJ 28;19)/ ¤if;onf tcgBuD;aeY&ufrsm;? tcsdefrsm;(0g)trIawmfvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifjcif; r[kwfbJ? aeYpOftouf½Sifjcif;ykHpHjzpfonf/

]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}} trsm;udef;jyjzpfaom þpum;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;ü aumif;uifwm0efrsm; ajym&müoHk;um? vlom;rsm;ajym&müoHk;cJonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; tifwmeufwGif (www. freebiblecommentary.org) üMunfhyg/ tenf;jyudef;ukd tm'H? £oa&&(tpöa&;)? £oa&v\ &Sifbk&ifESifh ¤if;\ar½Sdd,t&Siftm; ajym&müoHk;onf/ þae&mürl ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;vHk; &nfnTef;onf/ (*v 4;6-7)/ ti,f 14ü a0g[m& huioi (om;rsm;)oHk;um?ti,f16ü tekna (uav;rsm;)oHk;onf/¤if;wkdUudk þusrf;ykd'fü t"dyÜg,fwlpum;vHk;rsm;tjzpfoHk;onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf uRefrsm;r[kwfawmhbJ? rdom;pk0ifrsm;jzpfvmMu onf/ (i,f 15-17/ v 4;7)8;15 ]]pdwfwpfrsdK;}}(a spirit )/ ¤if;onf ti,f 10uJhokdU t"dyÜg,fr&Sif;vif; acs/ ¤if;onf a&G;EIwfjcif;cHaomvlom;\ c&pfawmftxJ0dnmOf topf(pdwftopf) okdYr[kwf oefU&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESpfrsdK;tm; &nfnTef;Ekdifonf/ ti,f 6 ü ESpfrsdK;vHk;awGU&onf/ þo'´gzGJUpnf;yHktm; ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;txJ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfjzpfyGg;aponfht&mukd &Sif;vif; &ef aygvka&;aompmtawmfrsm;rsm;üoHk;onf/ (t*Fvdyfa0g[m& spiritukd 0dnmOfESifhpdwfESpfrsdK; twGufokHk; um? soul ukdrl 0dnmOfESifhvlESpfrsdK;vHk;twGufoHk;onf/ þusrf;ykd'fürl q&mBuD;,k'oefonf]]oabm}}[laom pum;vHk;oHk;onf-bmomjyefol)

1/ þae&mü ]]uRefpdwfwpfrsdK;r[kwf}}om;jzpfjcif;pdwf}} (ti,f 15)

2/ ]]El;nHhodrfarGUaompdwf}}1aum4;21

3/ ]],HkMunfjcif;}} (opöm&Sdjcif;)pdwf 2aum4;13

4/ ]]ynmESifh xkd;xGif;jcif;OmPf(pdwf)}} {zuf1;17

5/ ]]aMumufwwfaompdwf}} 2wd1;7

aygvkonf spirit pum;\rl&if;*&da0g[m& pneuma tm; txl;ojzifh 1aum&dEÅKxJü olUukd,fol&nf nTef;&ef ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;üoHk;ao;onf/ (1aum2;11/ 5;3?14/ 7;34/ 16;8 ESifhaum2;5)/ þpmykd'fürl ti,f 10ESifh15wkdUü toifhawmfqHk;oHk;xm;ygonf/

]]aemufwzef aMumuf½GHapaomuRef...}} Zmwda[mif;\Muifvu©PmrSm aMumuf½GHjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[NAJ 2;15) Zmwdtopf\ Muiftifvu©Pmukd i,f14-15 ü &Sif;vif;onf/

]]om;rsm;jzpfapjcif;...}} (arG;pm;jcif;-adoption)a&mrOya'ü om;tjzpfarG;pm;jcif;udpörSm tvGefusyf wnf;(cufcJ)aomfvnf;? wpfcgarG;pm;cJhNyD;ygu tNrJjzpfonf/ (*v 4;4-6)/ þwifpm;rIonf ,HkMunfol\ vHkjcHKrIqdkif&m or®mw&m;tm; "r®oabmw&m;t& axmufcHcsufay;onf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 5;2 üMunfhyg/) om;&if;wpfa,mufudk tarGjzwfydkifcGifhay;xm;aomfvnf; arG;pm;om;wpfa,mufudkrl xdkodkYjyKcGifh rjyKacs/ ¤if;rSm u,fwifjcif;taMumif; ½Sif;jy&mü aygvkESpfoufvSaom vlodrsm;onfh wifpm;jcif;wpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ (i,f 15? 23)/ a,m[efESifhayw½kwdkYonf tjcm;vlodrsm;aom wifpm;rIwpfrsKd;oHk;Muum ¤if;rSm ]]topfarG;zGm;jcif;}}-born again jzpfonf/ (a,m 3;3/ 1ay 1;3? 23)/ rSwfpktjynfhtpHkudk www.freebible commentary.org wGif *vmwd 4;5 tusOf;csKyfüMunfhyg/

 ]]tAÁ}} þtm&rda0g[m&rSm uav;rsm; rdrdwdkYzcifudk tdrfüac:Mu&mjzpfonf/ (daddy or papa)a,½IESifh wrefawmfwdkYonf tm&rdpum;ajymwwfMuonf/ (rm 5;41/ 14;36/ 1aum 16;22)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf\taoG;tm;jzifh oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf usdef;0yfjcif;rSwqifh cdkifrmaom,HkMunfjcif;ESihf rdom;pk 0iftjzpf pdwfcspGmyif oefY½Sif;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;odkY ,ckvmEkdifMuNyDjzpfonf/ (rm 14;36/ *v

4;6)/ usqif;olvlom;onf bk&m;ocifukd tz[kac:Ekdifjcif;ESifh xm0&oefY½Sif;awmfrlol t½Sifonf xdkodkY ac:qdkrIudk vdktm;jcif;rSm tHhMoírqHk;EkdifbG,f&mjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / zcif- 1;7ü Munfhyg/ 8;16]]0dnmOfawmfonf oludk,fwdkif}} *&dpum;vHk;ü 0dnmOf[lonf tzdk? tr r[kwfaomMum;aevdifjzpf onf/ xdkYaMumifh KJV bmomjyefusrf;ü]]itself}}-¤if;udk,fwdkif[líoHk;aomfvnf; 0dnmOfawmfrSm yk*d¾Kvfjzpf onf/ olonf 0rf;enf;pdwfemwwfonf({ 4;30/ 1ouf 5;19)/ xdkYaMumifh himself-oludk,fwdkifrSm ydkrdk aumif;rGefaombmomjyefrIjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfjcif;- 8;27üMunfhyg/ 

]]igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;jzpfaMumif ;...igwdkY\0dnmOfESifhtwl oufaocH\/}} ti,f 13ü odcJhMu&onfhtwdkif;yif ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;\ rsufESmpmwpfzufrSm ,HkMunfol\ajymif;vJcJhNyD;? ajymif;vJ vsuf½Sdaeaom toufwmjzpfonf/ ("r®opfusrf;\,mukyfESi 1a,m[efusrf;rsm;)/ bmomjyefusrf; RSVESifhNRSVwdkY\bmomjyefyHkudk *½kjyKyg/ ]]igwdkYonf tAÁ! tb![lí atmfac: onfhtcg igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;jzpfaMumif; 0dnmOfawmfonf igwdkY\0dnmOfESifhtwl oufao cHjcif;jzpfonf}}(*v 4;6)/ pdwfcsrI[lonf ,HkMunfolu bk&m;ociftm; 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ]]tz}}[kac: Ekdifonfhtcg &½Sdonf[kqdkvdkonf/ 0dnmOfonf txJrS oufaocHjcif;rSm em;jzifhMum;&jcif;r[kwfbJ? vufawGUjzpfonf/

1/ tjypfudk tjypftjzpfjrifjcif;

2/ c&pfawmfESihfwlvdkpdwf½Sdjcif;

3/ bk&m;ocif\rdom;pkESifhtwl ½Sdaevdkjcif;

4/ bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftm; qmiwfjcif;

5/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; jyefYyGg;ap&efvdktyfaMumif; cHpm;od½Sdjcif;

6/ c&pf,mef[lonf t½IH;cHíay;qyf&efvdktyfaMumif;tm; cHpm;od½Sdjcif; ¤if;wdkYrSm ajymif;vJaMumif;jyaom,HkMunfjcif; taxmuftxm;rsm;jzpfonfhtxJrS pdwfqE´trsKd; tpm;rsm;jzpfonf/

u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIrSm *dkPf;*evdkufaom taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfoGm;onf/

1/ a&mrumodkvpftoif;awmfonf þb0ü pdwfcsrI&Edkifjcif;udk jiif;qdkum? rdrd\pdwfcsrItm; ]]ppfrSefaom}}toif;awmf\toif;om;jzpfjcif;tay: tajcjyKonf/

2/ *RefuJvfAJif John Calvin (toif;awmfjyKjyifa&;umv\ tpOftvmonf pdwfcsrIudk a½G;aumuf jcif;(BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;)ay: tajcjyKaomfvnf;? þb0\tqHk;w&m;pD&ifawmfrl&maeYrwdkifrD pdwfcsaMumif; rodEkdifacs/

3/ *Ref0Dpav-John Wesley (rufo'pftpOftvm)onf pdwfcs&rItm; pHkvifjynfh0aomcspfjcif; arwåmay: tajcjyKonf/ (rdrdodorQtjypfrsm;ESifhuif;um touf½Sifjcif;)

4/ ESpfjcif;toif;awmftrsm;pkwdkYonf pdwfcs&rItm; tcrJhaus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh or®musrf;pmvm uwdawmfrsm;ay: tajcjyKjcif;bufü ,drf;,dkifMuonf/ (odkYaomf owday;rIESihf qHk;rrIrsm;tm;vHk; vpfvsL½I Muonf)

c&pf,mef\pdwfcsrItaMumif;tm; "r®opfusrf;ESifhqdkifí wifjy&mü qefYusifaeoa,mif½Sdaomfvnf; ESpfrsKd;pvHk;trSefjzpfaom tEÅ&m,fESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/

1/ ]]u,fwifjcif;wpfcg&NyD;vQif? tNrJu,fwifjcif;jzpfonf}}

2/ ]]u,fwifjcif;qufvufxdef;odrf;&mü vl\vkyfaqmifrI txl;jyKvGef;jcif;}}

]]wpfcgtjyifbufa&mufygu? tNrJwrf;tjyifrSm}}jzpfaMumif; a[NAJMo0g'pmü ½Sif;vif;pGmoGefoif onf/ vlom;\tm;xkwfrI (aumif;rIjyKjcif;)onf ,HkMunfolrsm;\u,fwifjcif;udk xdef;ay;onfr[kwfacs/ (*v 3;1-14)/ odkYaomf aumif;rIjyKjcif;rSm c&pf,meftoufwm\ yef;wdkifjzpfonf/ ({ 2;10)/ ¤if;wdkYrSm bk&m;ociftm; MuKHawGYum? 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yf&mrS olYtvkdvdk? obm0ususjzpfvmaom tusKd;&v'frsm; jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm vlwpfa,mufppfrSefpGm ajymif;vJaMumif;\om"ursm;jzpfonf/ pdwfcs&rIonf oefY½Sif;&ef or®musrf;pm\ac:zdwfrIudk tm;aysmhoGm;ap&efr[kwfacs! "r®w&m;t&qdk vQif pdwfcs&rIonf oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;\Muiftifvu©PmESifh vkyfaqmifrIay: tajcwnfonf/

1/ crnf;awmfbk&m;\cspfjcif;arwåmawmfESifh *½kPmawmf

2/ om;awmf\NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;tvkyf

3/ c&pfawmfxHodkY 0dnmOfawmf\ydk;yef;rIESihf ¤if;aemufydkif;wGif aemifw&aom,HkMunfoltxJ c&pfawmfudk azmfaqmifjcif; þuJhodkYaom u,fwifjcif;\taxmuftxm;rSm urÇmYtjrifajymif;vJoGm;jcif;? ESvHk;om;ajymif;vJ oGm;jcif;? touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;ESifh ajrmfvifhjcif;ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf! touf½Sifjcif;yHkpH \om"urygbJ? twdwfwpfcsdefu pdwfcHpm;rItm;jzifhjyKaom qHk;jzwfcsufwpf&yfay: tajcjyKír&acs/ (Oyrmtao;- róJ 7;15-23/ 13;20-22/ a,m[ef 15) pdwfcsrIonf u,fwifjcif;enf;wl? c&pf,meftoufwmenf;wl bk&m;ocif\*½kPmawmftm; wHkYjyefrIjzifh tpjyKum? ¤if;wHkYjyefrIonf woufvHk;qufwdkufjzpfay:onf/ ¤if;rSm ajymif;vJrIwpf&yfjzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m ajymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf!



]]oufaocHonf}} ¤if;rSm tjcm;aom syn ygonfh aygif;pyfa0g[m&wpfckjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrSm ,HkMunfol\0dnmOfESifh oufaocHabmf? cHbufjzpfonf/ aygvkonf aygif;pyfaom þpum;vHk;udk 2;15/

8;16 ESifh 9;1 wdkYüoHk;onf/

8;17]]ygu^vQif}} ti,f 9? 10? 11? 13(ESpfcg)ESifh 17(ESpfcg)wdkYü cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;½Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYtm;vHk; rSm pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[krSwf,lrIrsm; odkYr[kwf ol\pma&;[efoufoufjzpfonf/aygvkonf a&mrNrdKU toif;awmf½Sd rdrd\pmzwfolrsm;udk c&pf,mefrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lxm;onf/

 þtcef;i,fü]]twlvufwGJyg0ifonf}}[kt"dyÜg,f&aom syn toHk;jyKonhf aygif;pyfpum;vHk;oHk;vHk;yg0if onf/

1/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl tarGcHonf

2 ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESihftwl 'ku©cHonf

3/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfESifhtwl bkef;BuD;Murnf ti,f 22(ESpfcg)? 26? 28wdkYü syn ygaom aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm; ydkíyg½Sdonf/ {zuf 2;5-6üvnf; c&pfawmftxJu ,HkMunfol\touftm; a&;om;azmfjy&mü syn aygif;pyfpum;vHk;oHk;ck½Sdygonf/



]]tarGcHrsm;}} ¤if;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; a&;om;azmf&mü toHk;jyKonfhrdom;pkESifh wifpm;aomtjcm;pum; vHk;wpfckjzpfonf/ (4;13-14/ 9;8/ *v 3;29)/ atmufüazmfjyaom txl;taMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/

/,HkMunfolcH&aom tarGawmf

or®musrf;pmonf ,HkMunfolrsm;&½Sdaom tarGajrmufrsm;pGmwdkYtaMumif; ajymygonf/ (wref 20;32/ 26;18/ { 1;4/ aum 1;12/ 3;24)/ taMumif;rSm olwdkYonf t&mcyfodrf;tm; tarGcHol a,½IESifh rdom;pkawmfpyfum (a[NAJ 1;2) olwdkYonf tarGcHazmfcHbufrsm;jzpfMu\/ (a&mr 8;17/ *v 4;7)/ olwdkYqufcH&½Sdonfh tarGrsm;rSm

- bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf (róJ 25;34/ 1aum 6;9-10/ 15;50/ {zuf 5;5/ - xm0&touf (róJ 19;29/ a[NAJ 9;15)

- bk&m;ocif\uwdawmfrsm; (a[NAJ 6;12)

- uwdawmftwdkif; bk&m;ocif\umuG,frI (1ay 1;4-5)

]]tarGcHbufrsm;}}? ¤if;rSm sun ygaomaygif;pyfpum;vHk; aemufxyfwrsKd;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfESihf,HkMunf olrsm;onf aojcif;ESifhtouf½Sifjcif;tm; twlcHpm;cJhMuaMumif; tav;teufjyK&ef aygvkonf þpum;vHk; opfrsm;udk tcef;BuD; 8ü trsm;tjym;xGifíoHk;xm;onf/

1/ tarGcHbufrsm;? i,f 17

2/ 'ku©qif;&JcHbufrsm;? i,f 17

3/ bkef;BuD;abmf? bkef;BuD;bufrsm;? ti,f 17



NASB, NKJV

]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl wu,f'ku©cHygu}}

NRSV ]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl trSefyif 'ku©cHygu}}

TEV ]]c&pfawmf\'ku©qif;&Jrsm; a0rQcHpm;Muygu}}

NJB ]]udk,fawmf\'ku©qif;&Jrsm; a0rQcHpm;vsuf}} 'ku©cHpm;&jcif;qdkonfrSm usqif;cJhNyD;aomurÇmü ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf pHjzpfonf/ (róJ 5;10-12/ a,m 15;18-21/ 16;1-2/ 17;14/ wref 14;22/ a&mr 5;3-4/ 8;17/ 2aum 4;16-18/ zd 1;29/ 1ouf 3;3/ 2wd 3;12/ ,m 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-19)/ a,½Ionf erlemjyooGm;cJhNyDjzpf\/ (a[NAJ 5;8)/ þtcef;BuD;\ aemufydkif;ü þtaMumif;t&mudk qufvufazmfjyoGm;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumihf 'ku©qif;&JcHMuoenf;? - 5;3ü-½I)/



]]udk,fawmfESifhtwl bkef;BuD;apjcif;cHMu}} a,m[ef\ta&;tom;rsm;ü a,½Ionf rdrdtaocHjcif;t aMumif;ajymonfhtcgwdkif;? olonf ¤if;udk ]]bkef;BuD;apjcif;cH&rI}}[k ajymavh½Sdonf/ a,½Ionf 'ku©qif;&JcH jcif;tm;jzifh bkef;BuD;apjcif;cH&onf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf &yfwnfrItm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? tawGYtMuHKtm;jzifh vnf;aumif; a,½Ib0uJhodkY jzpfysufcJhonfht&mrsm;udk a0rQ&½SdMuonf/ (a&mr 6)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfü pdk;pHjcif;tm;- 5;17-18üMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;18-25 18,ckrsufarSmufumv 'ku©qif;&Jrsm;onf i gwdkYü ay:xGef;vwHhaombkef;BuD;jcif;ESifh EIdif;,SOf&ef rxdkufwef[k igxif\/ 19taMumif;rlum; þavmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;wdkY ay:xGef;jcif;udk vGefpGmawmifhwvsuf xufoefpGm apmifharQmfae\/ 20taMumif;rlum; þavmuonf

tedpöEkdifiHodkYvdkufaeonfrSm ajrmfvifhjcif ;jzifh vkdufapolt½SifaMumifhomjzpf\/ 21¤if;rSm þavmu onfvnf; azgufjyefysufpD;jcif;\ uRefjyKrIrS bk &m;ocifhuav;wdkY\vGwfajrm ufjcif; bkef;awmfxJü vGwfajrmufrnfhtaMumif;wnf;/ 22taMumif;rSm wavmuvHk;onf ,ckwdkifatmif om;zGm;jcif; a0'emudk wnDwnf;cHpm;vsuf nnf;nLonf udkigwdkYod&Mu\/ 23xdkrQru 0dnmOfawmf\tOD;oD;udk cHpm;&½Sdol igwdkYudk,fwdkifonfvnf; igwdkY\udk,fcE¨ma½G; EIwfjcif;jzpfonfh om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif; tm; xufoefpGmapmifharQmfvsuf igwdkYtxJü nnf;nLvsuf½SdMu\/ 24taMumif;rlum;? igwdkYonf ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Mu\/ odkYaom jrif&aomt&mudk arQmfvifhjcif;onf ajrmfvifhjcif; rrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf? tb,folonf rdrdj rif&aom t&mudk arQmfvifhaevdrfhrnfenf;/ 25odkYaomf igwdkYonf rjrif&ao;aomt&mudk arQmfvifh aeonfqdkvQif pGJNrJvsuf xufoefpGmapmifharQmf Mu\/

8;18]]xif\}} ¤if;rSm pifppftm;jzifh ]]aygif;xnfhonf}}[líjzpf\/ ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ aygvkonf c&pf,mefcHpm;&onfh 'ku©qif;&JtaMumif;udkyif qufvufqifjcifaejcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm pm&if;udkifjcif;^a&wGufjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfNyD;? *½kwpdkufpl;prf;½SmazGonfht&mwpfcktm; tqHk; owfodkY a&muf½Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a&mrMo0g'pmü xyfcgwpfvJvJ ay:aomOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/(2;3 \ rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/),HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYem;vnfoabmaygufonfh 0dnmOfa&;&mor®mw&m;\tvif;xJ touf½SifMu&rnfjzpfonf/



]]'ku©qif;&Jrsm;}} c&pfawmftm; tapcH&mrS &½Sdaom'ku©qif;&JtcsKdUtm; 1aum 4;9-12/ 2aum 4;7-12/ 6;4-10/ 11;24-27/ a[NAJ 11;35-38 wdkYü em;vnfod½Sd&onf/



]],ckrsufarSmufumv}} *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf urÇmYordkif;udk uyfumvESpfyg;jzifh cGJxm;onf[k ,HkMunfMu um? ,ckrsufarSmufqdk;,kwfaomumvESihf vmvwHhaom ajzmifhrwfonfhuyfumv[líjzpfonf/ (róJ 12;32/ rmuk 10;30)/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf þajzmifhrwfaomuyfumvtopf wnfaxmif&ef ar½Sd,t½Sif <uvmjcif;udk arQmfvifhonf/ odkYaomf c&pfawmf\<uvmjcif;ESpfrsKd;jzpfonfh u,fwifaomoltjzpf (vlom; tjzpf0ifpm;jcif;)ESifh t½Sifocif('kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;)tjzpf 'kwd,tBudrf<uvmjcif;wdkYonf þuyfum vESpfrsKd;tm;xyfvsuf om;jzpfoGm;aponf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfqdkif&m ]]jzpfaeNyD; aomt&m}}ESihf ]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfck\ wif;rmrIMum;xJ touf½SifaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif; t&m/ / ,ckuyfumvESifh vmvwHhaom uyfumvtaMumif; 12;2üMunfhyg/

]]bkef;BuD;jcif;...xdkufwef/}} þa0g[m&ESpfckpvHk; "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tav;csdefqdkif&moabmESihfqufpyf vsuf av;vHaomt&mü wefbdk;½Sdonfqdkonfh t,ltqjzpfonf/ ]]xdkufwef}}qdkonfrSm ukefonfoHk; a0g[m&jzpfNyD;]]tav;csdefpD;EkdiforQpD;onf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ a[NAJa0g[m&]]bkef;BuD;onf}}-glory onfvnf; ]]av;onf}}[lonfhrl&if;rSqif;oufum a½TuJhodkY wefbdk;½Sdonfqdkonfht"dyÜg,f½Sdonf/ rSwfpktjynfhtpHkudk 3;23 üMunfhyg/

aygvka&;om;onfh pmrsm;ürl ]]bkef;BuD;onf^bkef;wefcdk;}}-glory qdkonfh a0g[m&onf tem*wfü jzpfvmrnfht&mudk &nfnTef;avh½Sdonf/ (2aum 4;16-18)/ ¤if;onf csD;ajr§mufjcif;cHaom? c&pfawmf\ bkef;BuD;aom'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnf<uvmjcif;\ cef;em;x,f0grIESifh wefcdk;awmfuk &nfnTef;onf/ (aum 3;4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bkef;wefcdk;tm; 3;23üMunfhyg/

]]igwdkYüay:xGef;vwHhaom/}} ¤if;rSm tjyKcHBud,m PASSIVE (deponent-usrf;usdefí xGufqdkrI)jzpfNyD;? jyKvkyfolrSm bk&m;ocif(0g)0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm; þb0ü touf½SifonfrSm rsufpdtjrif tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf½Sifjcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ 1aum 2;9/ 13;12/ 2aum 5;7/ a[NAJ 11;1)

þpum;vHk;udk a&mrMo0g'pmxJ aygvktawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;um? vlom;rsm;\ ½SmazGawGY½SdrIr[kwfbJ? bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;tm; tav;teufjyKonf/

1/ ¤if;pum;vHk;\Bud,m

u/ 1;17 - ay:xGef;(zGifhjy)cJhNyD;aom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfrI (PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE) c/ 1;18 - ay:xGef;(zGifhjy)cJhNyD;aom bk&m;ocif\trsufawmf (PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE) */ 8;18 - zGifhjyvwHhaom (ay:xGef;vwHhaom)bkef;BuD;jcif; (AORIST PASSIVE INFINITIVE )

2/ ¤if;pum;vHk;\emrf

u/ 2;5 - trsufawmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfaom w&m;pD&ifrI ay:xGef;aomaeY

c/ 8;19 - þavmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;rsm; ay:xGef;jcif;udk xufoefpGm apmifharQmfaeonf/ */ 16;25 zHk;uG,fvsLdU0Sufaomt&mtm; zGifhjyawmfrljcif;ESifhtnD 8;19 ]]þavmuonf bk&m;ocif\om;wdkY ay:xGef;jcif;udk vGefpGmawmifhwvsuf xufoefpGmapmifharQmf/}} zefqif;xm;aom ½kyfavmutm; vnfyif;qefYvsuf rsufpdwqHk; ½SmazGMunfh½Iaeaom vlwpfa,muftvm; wifpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tm'HESifh{0wdkY\ykefuefrIonf þavmuudk qdk;usKd;ay;cJhonf/ (urÇm 3;17-19)/ ykefuefaomaumif;uifwrefrsm;? r,HkMunfolvlom;rsm;ESifh olwdkYtm; oD;jcm;cGJxkwf&ef jyifqifxm;&m t&yfuvTJvQif zefqif;orQtm;vHk;wdkYonf tqHk;ü a½G;EIwfjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ (Bruce Corley and Curtis Vaughan, Romans p. 95, atmufajc rSwfpk 46) ¤if;\Bud,mjzpfaom ]]xufoefpGmapmifharQmf}}(PRESENT MIDDLE[usrf;usdefíxGufqdkrI-deponent]

INDICATIVE)pum;vHk;rSm þpmydk'fü oHk;cgyg½Sdonf/

1/ i,f 19- þavmu (creation-zefqif;jcif;)onf uyfumvtopfudk xufoefpGmapmifharQmfonf

2/ i,f 23- ,HkMunfolrsm;onf udk,fcE¨mtopfudk xufoefpGm apmifharQmfMuonf

3/ i,f 25 - ,HkMunfolrsm;onf uyfumvtopfqdkif&majrmfvifhjcif;tm; xufoefpGm apmifharQmfMu onf aygvkonf þBud,mpum;vHk;udkyif tvm;wl t"dyÜg,fjzifh 1aum 1;7/ *v 5;5/ zd 3;20wdkYü oHk;onf/ 'kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf aMumufp&mr[kwfbJ? rdom;pkjyefvnf qHkqnf;&m tcgor,omvQifjzpfonf

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm; I. pum;csD u/ zefqif;jcif;wpfckvHk;rSm bk&m;ocifonf vlom;ESifhtcspfZmwfvrf;cif;&m aemufcHum;csyf(0g) pifjrifhBuD;jzpfonf/ c/ ¤if;onf vlom;\usqif;rItm; rQa0cHpm;&onfenf;wl (urÇm 3;17/ 6;1/ a[½Sm 24;3-8/ a&mr 8;18-20)tem*wfü jzpfvmrnfha½G;EIwfjcif;udkvnf; a0rQcHpm;ayrnf/ (a[½Sm 11;6-9/ a&mr 8;20-22/ Asm 21-22)

tjypfjynfhaomvlom;onf obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; rdrd\earmferJhEkdifaomavmbjzifh t"r®jyK usifhzsufqD;onf/ atmufygpmydk'fudk Edward Capenter \The Canon of Westminster rS aumufEkwf,lonf/

]]bk&m;ocifzefqif;&mjzpfaom wurÇmvHk;twdkif;twmrubJ? rdrdywfvnfpBuFm0Xmtm; tn§mt wmuif;rJhpGm xdckdufaprI? vlom;npfnif;aponfhavxk? t&if;tjrpfrsm; vlom;tqdyfoifhapaomajrqDvTm? oljyKef;wD; apaomopfawmrsm;? rnfolbmbJajymajym em;raxmifbJ?tirf;r&wdkufcdkufzsufqD;rIrsm;onf a&½Snfqdk;usKd;rsm;jzpfxGef;aponf/ ¤if;rSm wppDjzifh? n§dEIdif;azmfr&aom wdkufcdkufrIjzpfonf/ obm0 ywf0ef;usif\ o[mZwjzpfrItm;xdef;odrf;&ef tenf;i,frQyif*½krpdkufbJ? vlom;rsKd;qufwpfckonf tjcm; rsKd;quftay: wm0ef odwwfjcif; uif;rJhvGef;vSacsonf}}

C/ igwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ urÇmN*dKvftm; npfnrf;aprIESifh rw&m;toHk;csrI'Pfudk jyefí&dwfodrf; aeMuonfomru? igwdkY\om;pOfajr;qufwdkYonf jyefvSnfhír&aom ydkrdkjiif;xefqdk;0g;onfh tusKd;qufrsm; &dwfodrf;Mu&efom ½Sdayawmhonf/

II. or®musrf;pmvmtaMumif;rsm;

u/ "r®a[mif;usrf; 1/ urÇmOD; 1-3

(u) þavmu (creation-zefqif;jcif;)onf vlom;ESifhrdrd rdwfo[m,jyK&ef ae&mtjzpf bk&m;ocif txl;zefqif;&mae&mt&yfjzpfonf/ (urÇm 1;1-25)/

(c) zefqif;jcif;rSm aumif;rGefaomt&mjzpfNyD; (urÇm 1;4? 10? 12? 18? 21? 25) tvGef w&maumif;ygonf/ (urÇm 1;31)/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ociftwGuf oufaoaumif;jzpf onf[kqdkvdkonf/ (qmvH 19;1-16)

(*) vlom;tm; zefqif;jcif;\txG#ftacgifjzpfap&ef &nf½G,fonf/ (urÇm 1;26-27)

(C) vlom;[lonf bk&m;ocif\b@mxdef;tjzpf pdk;rdk;&ef (a[NAJpum; ]]ajcjzifh eif;&ef}}) jzpfonf/ (urÇm 1;28-30/ qmvH 8;3-8/ a[NAJ 2;6-8)/ bk&m;ocifonf zefqif;jcif;\ t½Sifocifjzpfum? ¤if;tjzpf qufvufwnfNrJ onf/ (xGuf 19;5/ a,mb 37-41/ qmvH 24;1-2/ 95;3-5/ 102;25/ 115;15/ 121;2/ 124;8/ 134;3/ 146;6/ a[½Sm 37;16)

(i) vlom;onf zefqif;jcif;\b@xdef;jzpfjcif;tm; urÇm 2;15 üawGY&onf/ ]]{'ifO,smOf udkpdkufysKd;&ef?apmifha½SmufumuG,f&ef}}[líjzpfonf/ (0wfjyK25;23/ 1&m 29;14)/

2/ bk&m;ocifonf zefqif;jcif;txl;ojzifh wd&pämefrsm;udk cspfawmfrlonf/ (u) wd&pämefrsm;ukd aumif;pGmjyKrl&ef arma½S\ynwfcsufrsm; (c) a*sa[m0g; (YHWH)onf v0doefESihf upm;jcif;(qmvH 104;26) (*) wd&pämefrsm;tm; bk&m;ocif*½kpdkufyHk (a,me 4;11)

(C) aemifjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;tm; azmfjy&mü obm0ywf0ef;usiftaMumif; yg0ifrI(a[½Sm 11;6-9/ Asm 21-22)/

3/ obm0onf twdkif;twmwpfckjzifh bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf xif½Sm;aponf/ (u) qmvH 19;1-6 (c) qmvH 29;1-9 (*) a,mb 37-41

4/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\arwåmawmfESihf y#dnmOfw&m;ay: opöm½Sdawmfrljcif;tm;jyo&mü obm0 ywf0ef;usifrSm wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf/ (u) w&m; 27-28/ 3"r® 17 (c) ya&mzufusrf;rsm; wpfavQmufvHk;ü

c/ "r®opfusrf;

1/ bk&m;ocifukd zefqif;aomt½Siftjzpf awGU&onf/ oHk;yg;wpfqljzpfawmfrlaom? zefqif; ½Sifwpfyg;wnf;omvQif½Sdonf/ ({avm[Jrf-Elohim urÇm 1;1/ 0dnmOfawmf? urÇm 1;2 ESifh a,½I? "r®opfusrf;) ¤if;wdkYuvTJvQif zefqif;cHrsm;jzpfonf/ (u) wref 17;24 (c) a[NAJ 11;3 (*) Asm 4;11

2/ bk&m;ocifonf zefqif;jcif;ü a,½Itm;jzifhjyKonf (u) a,m[ef 1;3? 10 (c) 1aum 8;6

(*) aum 1;16 (C) a[NAJ 1;2

3/ bk&m;ocifonf obm0ywf0ef;usiftm; *½kpdkufaMumif; a,½Ionf rdrd\a'oemrsm;ü wdkuf½kdufajymMum;cJhonf/ (u) avxJysHoef;aom iSufrsm;ESifh v,fuGif;jyifxJu awmESif;yef;rsm;taMumif;-róJ 6;26? 28-30 (c) pOfhuav;rsm;taMumif; -róJ 10;29

4/ vlom;tm;vHk;onf zefqif;aomt&mrsm;tm;jzifh bk&m;ociftm; od&orQtay: wm0ef udk,fpD½SdMuaMumif; aygvktcdkiftrmajymonf/ (obm0tm;jzifh zGifhjyawmfrljcif;? a&mr 1;1920/ Asm 21-22)

III. ed*kH;csKyf

u/ þobm0ywf0ef;usifay: uRefawmfwdkYü wm0ef½Sdonf

c/ tjypfjynfhaomvlom;onf bk&m;ocif\tjcm;aomaumif;rGefonfh vufaqmifrsm;tm; az:jycJh Muonfenf;wl?

*/ þobm0ywf0ef;usifrSm acwå,m,Djzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm uG,faysmufoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (2ay 3;7) bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY urÇm\ordkif;tquftoG,ftm; z,f½Sm;ypfvdrfhrnf/ tjypf w&m;onf olYvrf;aMumif;ü olajy;aernfjzpfaomfvnf; bk&m;ocifonf ¤if;\abmiftm; owfrSwfydkif;jzwfcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ zefqif;jcif;onf a½G;EIwfjcif;cH&ayvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 8;18-25)/

]]ay:xGef;jcif;^zGifhjyjcif;}} þa0g[m&\t"dyÜg,frSm zGifhjy&ef(0g)taMumif;Mum;&ef ]]cef;qD;tm; aemuf jyefqGJonf}}[kqdkvdkonf/ ¤if;rSm "r®opfusrf;\aemufqHk;usrf;jzpfaom ]]Asm'dwfusrf;}}(0g)zGifhjyawmfrljcif; usrf;\emrnfvnf;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,tBudrf <uvmjcif;tm; ay:xGef;awmfrljcif;[kvnf;ac:ygonf/ (1aum 1;7-8/ 1ay 1;13)



]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}} ¤if;rSm c&pf,mefrsm;tm;azmfjy&ef toHk;rsm;onfh vlodrsm;aomwifpm;rI wpfck jzpfonf/ (8;14? 16)/ ¤if;pum;vHk;onf bk&m;ociftm; zciftjzpfESifh a,½Itm; twktEIdif;rJhom;awmf tjzpfajymonf/ (a,m 1;18/ 3;16? 18/ a[NAJ 1;2/ 3;6/ 5;8/ 7;28/ 1a,m 4;9)/ "r®a[mif;ü tpöa&;rSm bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfaomfvnf; (a[ma½S 11;1)¤if;\ ½Sifbk&ifrSmvnf; bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfonf/ (2"r® 7)/ þoabmudk "r®opfusrf;wGif róJ 5;9 ü yxrOD;qHk;azmfjyonf/ (a,m 1;12/ 2aum 6;18/ *v 3;26/ 1a,m 3;1? 10/ Asm 21;7)/ 8;20 NASB, NKJV

NRSV ]]taMumif;rlum; þavmuonf tedpöEkdifiHodkYvdkuf}}

TEV ]]taMumif;rlum; þavmuonf wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;ap&ef jypf'PfpD&ifcHcJhonf}}

NJB ]]þavmuonf ¤if;\&nf½G,fcsuftwdkif; rpGrf;a qmifEkdifatmifjyKjcif;cH&onfrSm þavm u\trSm; wpHkw&maMumifhr[kwfacs/}} jrefrmor®musrf;pm\ ]]tedpö}}pum;vHk;jzpfaom]]futility}}tm; *&d"r®a[mif;usrf;ü t"dyÜg,ftrsKd;rsKd; jzifhoHk;&m t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhonf? wefbdk;rJhonf? oHk;r&? rSm;,Gif;aombk&m;rsm; (½kyfwkrsm;)ESifh [if;vif;Avm jzpfjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifzefqif;orQt&mtm;vHk;onf bk&m;ocifzefqif;jcif;\ &nf½G,fcsuftwdkif; r[kwfbJ? oHk;r&jzpfoGm;cJhonfrSefaomfvnf; (urÇm 3;17-19/ a[½Sm 24;3-8)bk&m;ocifonf wpfaeYaom tcgusvQif usqif;jcif;qdkif&m usdefqJrItm; z,f½Sm;vdrfhrnf/ (Asm 22;3)/ þurÇmrSm jzpfvm&efbk&m;ocif &nf½G,fonfhurÇmr[kwfacs!

 ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;jzifhvkdufapol t½SifaMumifhomjzpf\/}} Bud,mrSm tjyKcH AORIST PASSIVE jzpfNyD;? jyKvkyfolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif;odomonf/ (NASB, NKJV, TEV)olonf zefqif;onfh½kyfavmutm; wefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm

1/ vlom;\ykefuefrIaMumihf

2/ vlom;tm; rdrdxHawmfodkY jyefvSnfhvm&ef tm;xkwfrIwpfckjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 27-29) &nf½G,fcsufygaom þwefbdk;rJhjzpfoGm;apjcif;rSm arwåm,m,DomvQifjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 11;1132)/ a½G;EIwfcHvlom;ü uwdjyKxm;onfh tem*wf½kyfurÇm½Sdygonf/ (udk,fcE¨mESifhurÇm)/ bk&m;ocifonf tm'H\ykefuefrIudk BudKwifod½Sdonf/ olonf ¤if;tm; jzpfysufcGifhjyKvkdufum? usqif;aomurÇmwGif usqif;aomvlom;ESifhtwl vkyfudkif&efa½G;cs,fonf/ þuJhodkYaomurÇmrSm jzpfvm&ef bk&m;ocif&nf½G,fxm;onfh urÇmr[kwfacs/ þurÇmrSm wpfaeYaomtcg jzpfvwHhaomurÇmr[kwfacs/ (2ay 3;10/ Asm 21;1-3)/ 5;2u]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}taMumif;rSwfpküMunfhyg/ 8;21]]þavmu(zefqif;jcif;)onfvnf;azgufjyefysufpD; jcif;\uRefjyKrIrS...vGwfajrmufrnfhtaMumif; wnf;}} obm0ywf0ef;usifonf xm0&umv\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvdrfhrnf/ (a[½Sm 11;6-10)/ aumif; uifbHkonf jyefvnfzefqif;aomurÇmodkY jyefvmvdrfhrnf/ (róJ 5;18/ 24;35/ 2ay 3;10/ Asm 21;1)/ tem*wfonf {'ifO,smOf\okccsrf;om jyefvmjcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;? vlwpfOD; csif;? vlom;ESifhwd&pämefrsm;? vlom;ESi urÇmajrwdkY\ rdwfo[m,jzpfjcif;wnf;! or®musrf;pmonf bk&m;ocif? vlom;ESifhwd&pämefrsm; (a[½Sm 11;6-9) O,smOfwpfckxJrdwfo[m,jzpfum? pnf;vHk;nDnTwf aeMujcif;ESifhtpjyKvsuf (urÇm 1-2)tvm;wl yHkpHwpfrsKd;ESifhyif tqHk;owfxm;onf/ (Asm'dwf 21-22)/

]]azgufjyefysufpD;jcif;}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;23üMunfhyg/

]]bk&m;ocifh uav;wdkY\( children)vGwfajrmufjcif; bkef;awmfxJü}} tcef;i,f 14ü ,HkMunfolwdkY udk]]bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;}}(sons)[kac:um? ti,f 16ürl ]]bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;(children)? ti,f 17ü ]]bk&m;ociftarGcHrsm;}}[kac:onf/ tem*wfü bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmfon ,HkMunfolrsm;odkY ay:vmrnf [k ti,f 18 üajymonf/ þavmuonf bk&m;ocifhom;wdkY\ ay:xGef;jcif;udk apmifharQmfaeMuonf/ taMumif;rSm tem*wfbk&m;ocifhom;wdkY bkef;BuD;onfhtcg ¤if;udk olwdkYonf a0rQcHpm;Murnfjzpfaom aMumifh(i,f 21)jzpfaMumif; ,ckti,f 19üajymygonf/ þuJhodkY zefqif;jcif; (þavmu)txl;ojzifh vlom;rsm;tm; e*dkrlvtwdkif; jyefjzpfapjcif;onf zefqif;jcif;\e*dkrlv&nf½G,fcsuf jynfhpHkapvdrfhrnfjzpfNyD; -bk&m;ocifESifhvlom;(o@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;xm;aom)tm; &if;ESD;pGm rdwfo[m,jzpfoGm;apvdrfhrnf/ 



]]wavmuvHk;(zefqif;jcif;w pfckvHk;) nnf;nLvsuf½Sdonf}} ¤if;rSm]]twlnnf;nLonf}}qdkaom syn ygonfh aygvk\aygif;pyfpum;vHk; aemufwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ olonf ¤if;udktajcjyKum pum;vHk;trsm;tjym; xGifcJhayvdrfhrnf/ aygvkonf a,& 12;4? 11(w&m;a[m 27-29)wdkYudk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpf[ef½Sdygonf/ xdkusrf;ydk'fü vlom;\ tjypfaMumifh vlqdwfnH&mjzpfrIaMumifh tpöa&;ajr idka<u;onf/ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]nnf;nL}}pum;vHk;oHk;BudrfoHk;aMumif; rSwfom;yg/ 1/ ay:xGef;vmrnfhuyfumvtopfudk awmifhwí þavmu (zefqif;jcif;)nnf;nLonf/ (PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)i,f 22 (i,f 19-21)

2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrddwdkY\pHkvifaom u,fwifjcif;(udk,fcE¨mopf-2aum 5;2? 4)udk awmifhw ínnf;nLonf/-i,f 23/

3/ uyfumvtopf\tOD;oD;tjzpf rdrdudk,frdrday;aom0dnmOfawmfonfvnf; nnf;nLonf/ (qkawmif;ay;onf PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)i,f? 26/  ]]om;bGm;jcif;a0'emcHpm;onf}} *sL;todkif;t0dkif;ü ¤if;udk uyfumvtopf arG;zGm;jcif;\a0'em}} (uyf umvtopf\ om;bGm;jcif;a0'em)[kac:onf/-rmuk 13;8/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfumvtopf\ eHeufrdk; aomufcsdefonf jyomemtcuftcJuif;vdrfhrnfum; r[kwfacs/ usqif;aom þurÇmN*dKvf\udk,fusifh w&m;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;tajctaerSm qdk;oxufqdk;0g;vmvdrfhrnf/ (róJ 24/ rmu 13/ vkum 21/ 2ouf 2;1-12 tygt0if Asm'dwf 5-18üawGY&aom wHqdyfckESpfck? wHydk;ckepfvHk;ESifhzvm;ckepfvHk;wdkYudkvnf; rSwfom;yg/) rnfodkYjzpfap þom;zGm;jcif;a0'emwdkYrSm arG;zGm;vmrnfhuav;tm; arQmfvifhum? 0rf;omyDwd jzpf&jcif;\ a0'emrsm;omjzpfMuonfenf;wl uyfumvtopfrSmvnf; xdkenf;wlomvQifjzpfygonf!

8;23]]igwdkYudk,fwdkif}} þemrfpm;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/



]]0dnmOfawmftOD;oD;}} þa0g[m& (aparche)rSm "r®oabmt& 2aum 1;22u ]]0dnmOfawmfwHqdyf}} 2aum 5;5ESifh{zuf 1;14½Sd ]]0dnmOfawmf\pm;&ef(p&H)}}wdkYESifhtvm;wljzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;xJu tOD;oD;rsm;\oabmrSm aumuf&dwfcsdefa&mufawmhrnftaMumif; uwdu0wf jyrIjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf &dwfodrf;orQaumufpyg;rsm;tm;vHk; ydkifqdkifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; yHkaqmif onf/ (w&m; 26;1-11)a,½Ionf jyef½Sifxajrmufjcif;\tOD;oD;jzpfonfenf;wl (1aum 15;20) 0dnmOfawmfrSm uyfumvtopf\tOD;oD;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\uav;rsm;tjzpfjzifh rdrdwdkYtxJü usdef;0yfum? rdrdwdkYESifhtwl aexdkifol0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ,ckyifvQif aumif;uifbHk\0rf;ajrmuf

rIokccsrf;omESifhqdkifaom t&mtcsKdUawGUMuHKcHpm;aeMuonf/ ¤if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm; em;vnfonfhxyfvsuf½dS uyfumvESpfrsKd;\ ]]jzpfaeNyD;aomt&m}}ESifh]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfck\Mum; wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol wdkYrSm aumif;uifEkdifiHom;ESifh þurÇmajray:aexdkifaom aumif;uifEdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfMu\!



]]igwdkYudk,fwdkif...igwdkYtxJü nnf;nLMu\/}} ¤if;rSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\xyfaeaomuyfumvESpfck\ ]]jzpfaeNyD;aomt&m}}ESifh

]]rjzpf&ao;aomt&m}}ESpfckMum; wif;rmonfhtajctaetaMumif; ½Sif;vif;rIESifhwl onf/ (Gordon Fee and Douglas Suart wdkY\ How To Read the Bible For All Its Worth, pp.145-148 ü Munfhyg/) bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmfwnfaxmifaeNyDjzpfaomfvnf; tqHk;r[kwfao;acs/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf jyef½Sifxajrmufaomtouf&½SdaeMuNyDaomfvnf;? olwdkY\udk,fcE¨mrSm ao&ef½Sdaeao;onf/ (2aum 5;24)/ tjypf(\'Pf)rS u,fwifjcif;&½SdNyD;jzpfMuaomfvnf; tjypfESifh½kef;uefwdkufcdkuf aeMuqJjzpfonf/ (a&mr 7/ {zuf 6;10-18)/



]]om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;tm; xufoefpGmapmifharQmfvsuf}} om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;}}(arG;pm;jcif;) qdkonfrSm u,fwifjcif;tm; ajymjy&mü aygvkESpfoufvSon rdom;pkudpöjzifh wifpm;azmfjyrIwpfckjzpfonf/ (i,f 15)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;\u,fwifjcif;rSm aemifw&jcif;ESi ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh tpjyKqHk;jzwfrIjzifhpwifum? c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;odkY qufuyfBuD;xGm;aejcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf ½Sifjyefxajrmuf&maeYrwdkif rcsif; u,fwifjcif;tjynfht0&½SdMurnfr[kwfacs/ (i, 30ESifh 1a,m 3;2)/ ]]om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;^arG;pm;jcif;}}qdkonfh a0g[m&rSm tcsKdUaom*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü ryg½Sd acs/ (MSSp46, D, F, GESifhtcsKdUaom a½S;a[mif;vufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;a0g[m& onf Aleph,A,B,CESifhtcsKdUa½S;a[mif;vufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic ESifh tmareD;,ef bmomjyefusrf;rsm;ürl yg½Sdygonf/ UBS4onf ¤if;tm; ]]A}}(aocsm)tqifhowfrSwfonf/



]]igwdkY\udk,fcE¨mtm; a½G;EIwfjcif;}} þa0g[m&t"dyÜg,frSm]]jyefí0,fonf}}[líjzpf\/ þoabmudk "r®a[mif;usrf;ü wpHkwa,muftm; uReftjzpfrS rdrd\aqGrsKd;om;csif;wpfa,mufa,muf (go'el)rS vGwf ajrmufapjcif;tm; a&;om;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ þa0g[m&rSm usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;tm; tjypf\aus;uRef tjzpfrS bk&m;ocif\u,fvGwfjcif;tm; wifpm;azmfjy&ef toHk;jyKonf/ ay;qyf&aomwefbdk;rSm tjypfuif; pifaom? vlom;jzpfvmol(vl0ifpm;)om;awmf\toufjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 3;24 üMunfhyg/ c&pf,mefonf *sL;bmomrSmenf;wl (a,mb 14;14-15/ 19;25-26/ 'H 12;2),HkMunfolrsm;onf xm0&umvü ½kyfcE¨m(vlYb0rSmuJhodkY rvdktyfaomfvnf; 1aum 15;35-49)½SdMurnf[k ,HkMunfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\ eH0dnmOfcE¨mrsm;tm; uyfumvtopfxJ toufjzpfaom? bk&m;ocifESifhuRrf;0ifonfh rdwfo[m,jzpfaom b0twGufpHkvifjynfh0pGm jyifqifxm;vdrfhrnf/ 8;24]]igwdkYonf ajrmfvifhjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&Mu\/}}¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE jzpfonf/ ti,f 23 onf igwdkY\tem*wfu,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;um? ti,f 24url 0dnmOfawmf\vkyfaqmifrIjzifh igwdkY &½SdcJhNyD;aomu,fwifjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ "r®opfusrf;onf u,fwifjcif;udk a&;om;azmfjy&ef umvjy Bud,mtawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 10;4üMunfhyg/)

1/ AORIST- twdwfü tjywfjzpfcJh^vkyfcJhaomt&m^tvkyf/ wref 15;11(a&mr 8;24/ 2wd 1;9/ wdwk 3;5ESifh a&mr 13;11wGuf AORIST udk tem*wfOD;wnfcsufESifhwGJonf

2/ PERFECT -twdwfüjzpfcJh^vkyfcJhNyD; ¤if;\tusKd;quf ,ckqufvufjzpf^½Sdaomtjzpftysuf^t vkyf/ {zuf 2;5? 8

3/ PRESENT -,ckjzpfaeqJ? vkyfaeqJ/ 1aum 1;18/ 15;2/ 2aum 2;15/ 1ay 3;21/ 4;18

4/ FUTURE-tem*wfüjzpf^vkyfOD;rnft&m/ (umvjyBud,mrsm;odkYr[kwf pmtquftpyf\&nfnTef; csufrsm;)/ a&mr 5;9? 10/ 10;9/ 1aum 3;15/ zd 1;28/ 1ouf 5;8-9/ a[NAJ 1;14/ 9;28 xdkYaMumifh u,fwifjcif;qdkonfrSm ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckESifhtpjyKum? qufvufjzpfay: aeaom,HkMunfjcif;jzifh touf½SifrIyHkpHwpfckjzpfum? wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif rsufarSmuffawGYjrif&jcif;jzifh tqHk;owfrnfhjzpfay:rIjzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;2)

8;25]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /ajrmfvifhjcif; aygvkonf þa0g[m&ukd uGJjym;jcm;em;rI tawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh oHk;aomfvnf; t"dyÜg,frSm wpfckESifh wpfckqufpyfonf/ ¤if;onf ,HkMunfol\,HkMunfrItqHk;ESifh tawmfrsm;rsm;qufpyfonf/ (Oyrm 1wd 1;1)/ ¤if;udkyif bkef;BuD;jcif;? xm0&touf? tqHk;pGefaomu,fwifjcif;? 'kwd,tBudrf<uvmjcif;...pojzifh vnf; azmfjyEkdifonf/ þtqHk;a&mufjcif;rSm aocsmaomfvnf; tcsdefumvrSm tem*wfjzpfNyD;? rod½Sd&acs/ ¤if;a0g[m&onf ]],HkMunfjcif;}}]]cspfjcif;arwåm}}pum;vHk;wdkYESifh vnf; qufpyfavh½Sdonf/ (1aum 13;13/ 1ouf 1;3/ 2ouf 2;16)/ aygvkoHk;EIef;yHktcsKdUwdkYrSm-

1/ 'kwd,<uvmjcif;/ *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ 4;4/ wdwk 2;13/ 2/ a,½Ionf igwdkY\ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1

3/ ,HkMunfolonf bk&m;ocifxH qufocH&rnf 1aum 1;22-23/ 1ouf 2;19

4/ ajrmfvifhjcif;udk aumif;uifbHkü odkxm;onf/ aum 1;5

5/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk ,HkMunfudk;pm;onf/ aum 1;23/ 1ouf 2;19/

6/ tqHk;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? aum 1;5/ 1ouf 4;13/ 5;8

7/ bk&m;ocif\bkef;wefcdk;awmf/ a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27

c&pfawmftm;jzifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; u,fwifjcif;? aum 1;27

u,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrI? 1ouf 5;8

xm0&touf? wdwk 1;2/ 3;7

c&pf,mef&ifhusufrI\&v'f? a&mr 5;2-5

zefqif;aomt&mtm;vHk; a½G;EIwfjcif;? a&mr 8;20-22

om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;\tqHk;pGefa&mufjcif; a&mr 8;23-25

bk&m;ocif\bGJYemrawmf? a&mr 15;13

,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvk\awmifhwrI 2aum 1;7

"r®opf,HkMunfolrsm;tm; vrf;nTefonfh"r®a[mif; a&mr 15;4

hupomonē udk 5;3 ESifh 14;4-5 wdkYüvnf;oHk;onf/ ,HkMunfoltm; u,fwifjcif;onf &ifhusufjcif;odkY qufvufoGm;aeum wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif tNyD;owfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ pGJNrJjcif;[l onf(Asm 2;8? 11? 17? 26/ 3;5? 12? 21/ 21;7)]]u,fwifjcif;\tOD;tp}}tm; txl;jyKazmfjyjcif;ü

o[m Zmwjzpfap&ef or®musrf;enf;us vdktyfcsufjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmawmfvm or®mw&m;trsm;pkwdkYudk usKd;aMumif;azmfjyrIqdkif&m [dkbufonfbuf wif;rmrIudk,fpDygaomtwGJrsm;jzifh azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ (txl; taMumif;t&m 3;27/ ta½SYwdkif;pmayüMunfhyg/)

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /pGJNrJ&efvdktyfrI

c&pf,meftoufwmqdkif&m or®musrf;enf;usMo0g'rsm; ½Sif;vif;&efcufcJ&jcif;rSm ¤if;wdkYudk twGJ vdkufusKd;aMumif; azmfjyaomyHkaqmifcsufrsm;jzpfonfh ta½SYwdkif;pmay[efrsKd;jzifh wifjyxm;aomaMumifh jzpf onf/ tqdkygtwGJwdkYrSm qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifxif&aomfvnf;? ESpfrsKd;pvHk; or®musrf;pmenf;us omvQifjzpfonf/ taemufwdkif;c&pf,mefrsm;onf xdkor®mw&m;twGJwpfwGJ\or®mw&m;wpfzufudka½G;cs,f um? tjcm;wbufu or®mw&m;wpfcktm; vpfvsL½I(0g)½IwfcsMuonf/ om"ujzi ½Sif;vif;azmfjyyg &ap/ u/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf c&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfudk;pm;&ef tpjyKqHk;jzwfcsufwpfckavm(0g) wynfhawmftjzpf wpfoufwmqufuyfjcif;avm? c/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkif bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh a½G;aumufjcif; avm(0g) bk&m;ocif\ay;prf;rItm; vlom;u ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifwjzif wHkYjyefjcif;avm?

*/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf wpfcgvufcHcJhNyDqdkvQif r½IH;qHk;Edkifaomt&mavm(0g)ZGJ½Sd½Sd qufvuf oGm;&ef vdktyfoavm? pGJNrJjcif;jyóemonf toif;awmfordkif;wavQmufvHk; qufvufjzpf ay:onf/ xdkjyóemrSm "r®opfusrf;xJ½Sd qefYusifae[ef½Sdaom usrf;ydk'frsm;aMumifh pwifjzpf ay:onf/

u/ pdwfcsrItaMumif;usrf;ydk'frsm;

(1) a,½I\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a,m 6;37/ 10;28-29)

(2) aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a&mr 8;35-39/ {zuf 1;13/ 2;5? 8-9/ zd 1;6/ 2;13/ 2ouf 3;3/ 2wd 1;12/ 4;18)

(3) ayw½k\ajymMum;csufrsm; (1ay 1;4-5) c/ pGJNrJ&efvdktyfaMumif; usrf;ydk'frsm;/

(1) a,½I\ajymMum;csufrsm; (róJ 10;22/ 13;1-9/ 24-30/ 24;13/ rmuk 13;13/ a,m 8;31/ 15;4-10/ Asm 2;7? 17? 20/ 3;5? 12? 21)/

(2) aygvk\ajymMum;csufrsm; (a&mr 11;22/ 1aum 15;2/ 2aum 13;5/ *vm 1;6/ 3;4/ 5;4/ 6;9/ zd 2;12/ 3;18-20/ aum 1;23)/

(3) a[NAJMo0g'pma&;ol\ ajymMum;csufrsm;(2;1/ 3;6? 14/ 4;14/ 6;11)/

(4) a,m[ef\ajymMum;csufrsm; (1a,m 2;6/ 2a,m 9)

(5) crnf;awmf\ajymMum;csufrsm; (Asm 21;7) or®musrf;pmvm u,fwifjcif;onf tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkif oHk;yg;wqlbk&m;\arwåmawmf? *½kPm awmfESifhaus;Zl;awmfrS xGufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\tpjyKay;jcif;r½Sdygu rnfolrQ u,fwif jcif;r&Ekdifacs/ (a,m[ef 6;44? 65)/ bk&m;ocifonf yxrOD;qHk; <ua&mufvmum? tpDtpOf pwifonfrSefaomfvnf;? vlom;onf ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifwjzifhwHkYjyefum? tpjyKjcif;ESifh quf vufoGm;jcif; ESpfrsKd;aygif;pyfyg0ifonf/ bk&m;ocifonf y#dnOfw&m;tm;jzifh qufpyfrIjzifh vlom; ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfonf/ ¤if;ü txl;tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;[lí½Sdonf!

u,fwifjcif;udk vlom;wdkif;tm; ay;prf;onf/ usqif;aomzefqif;jcif;\tjypf jyóemudk a,½I\ taocHjcif;u ajz½Sif;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vrf;aMumif;wpfckjyifqifay;um? rdrd\arwåmawmfESifh a,½ItxJ rdrdjyifqifay;rItm;? rdrdo@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;cJholvlom;wdkif;tm; wHkYjyefrIjyKapvdkonf/ þtaMumif;t&mudk uJvfAJift,l0g'r[kwfaom ½IapmifhrS ydkízwf½Iavhvmvdkygu atmufygpmtkyf rsm;üMunfhyg/

1/ Dale Moody, The Word of Truth, Eerdmans, 1981(pp. 348-365)

2/ Howard Marshall, Kept by the Power of God, Bethany Fellowship, 1969

3/ Robert Shank, Life in the Son, Wescott 1961 or®musrf;pmonf þu@ü uGJjym;jcm;em;aomjyóemESpfrsKd;ajymonf/ (1) pdwfcs&rItm; toD;rJh aom? Zmwdudkvdkufaomtouf½SifrItwGuf cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpif yrmoabmxm;um? touf½Sifjcif;ESihf (2) trI awmfjrwfESifh rdrdtjypfaMumifh ½kef;uef'ku©a&mufaeolrsm;udk tm;ay;tm;ajrmufjyKjcif;/ jyóemrSm rSm;,Gif; aomtkyfpkrsm;onf rSm;,Gif;aomtcsuftvufrsm;udk&,lum or®musrf;pmusrf; ydk'frsm;ukd tuefYtowfjzifh zJh,lNyD;"r®oabmt,l0g'rsm; wnfaqmufMuonf/ tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm; twGuf pdwfcs&rItcsuftvufrsm; ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaepOf? tjcm;aomoltcsKdUtwGufrSmrl cyfwif;wif;owday;rIrsm; vdktyfaeMuonf! oifonf rnfonfhtkyfpküjzpfoenf;?

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;26-27 26xdkenf;wlpGm

0dnmOfawmfonfvnf; igwdkY\ tm;enf;rIrsm;ukdulnDonf/ taMumif;rSm igwdkYonf igwdkYawmif;oifhonftwdkif; rnfodkY qk awmif;&rnfudk rodMuaomfvnf;? pum;vHk;jzifh ajym&ef euf½Idif;vGef;aomnnf;nLjcif;jzifh 0 dnmOfawmfukd,fwdkifonf igwdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif; ay;onf/ 27pdwfESvHk;rsm;ukd ½SmazGppfaq;olonf 0dnmOfawmf\pdwfoabmudk od½Sdawmfrlonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;o cif\tvdkawmfESifhtnD oefY½Sif;olrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;onf/

8;26]]xdkenf;wlpGm}} þpum;pkonf 0dnmOfawmf\Mum;0if qkawmif;ay;jcif;tvkyftm; ti,f 18-25xJ azmfjyonfh ]]nnf;nLjcif;ESifh ajrmfvifhjcif;}}wdkYESifh qufpyfay;onf/ 

]]0dnmOfawmfonfvnf;...ulnDonf}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDL (deponent) INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ þBud,mü aygif;pyfpum;vHk;ESpfck syn (i,f 28)ESifh anti ESpfckyg0ifonf/ taumif;qHk;bmomjyefrIrSm ]]qkyfxm;onf}}[líjzpf\/ þa0g[m&udk þae&mESifh vkum 10;40üom awGY½Sd&onf/ oHk;yg;aomwpfql bk&m;\yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;rSm ,HkMunfolrsm;twGufjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf om;awmftm; vlom;udk,fpm; taocH&ef apvTwfum(a,m 3;16)olonf ,cktcgüvnf; uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif; ay;aeonf/ (i,f? 34/ a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 2;1)/ 0dnmOfawmfonf usqif;cJhNyD;aomvlom;udk c&pfawmfxHac:aqmifoGm;um? c&pfawmfudkolwdkYtxJ azmfaqmifonf/ (a,m 16;8-15)/ rnfodkYjzpfap ]]ulnD}}[laomBud,m\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; qkyfudkifxm;onf}}[líjzpfNyD;? ,HkMunfolrsm;\ u@rSmvnf; 0dnmOfawmf\rprI (qkawmif;ay;jcif;)tm; wefbdk;xm;&efjzpfonf/

]]tm;enf;csuf}} aygvkonf þemrfudk t"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifhoHk;onf/ (BAGD,p.115)

1/ udk,fcE¨mtm;enf;rI(0g)zsm;emrI/ 2aum 11;30/ 12;5?9? 10/ *v 4;13/ 1wd 5;23

2/ vlom;\tajctae 1aum 15;43/ 2aum 13;4/

3/ Oyrmtjzpf

(u) ½Sufudk;½Sufuef;jzpfjcif;(owådaMumif)? 1aum 2;3

(c) w&m;pD&ifjcif;? a&mr 6;19

(*) bmoma&;tjrif csKdUwJhjcif; a&mr 8;26 Bud,mudkvnf; xdkenf;wloHk;onf

1/ udk,fcE¨mtm;enf;rI? zd 2;26-27/ 2wd 4;20

2/ vlom;\tajctae? a&mr 8;3/ 2aum 11;21/

3/ Oyrmtjzpf

(u) bmoma&;(0g)udk,fusifhw&m;tm;enf;rI- a&mr 14;2/ 2aum 8;11-12

(c) ,HkMunfjcif;ü tm;enf;jcif; - a&mr 4;19/ 14;1

(*) pdwftm;avsmhum aMumuf½GHUjcif;? 2aum 11;29

t"dyÜg,fudk usrf;pum;tquftpyfuomvQif qHk;jzwfEdkifaMumif; owd&yg/ tbd"gefwdkYonf t"dyÜg,frsm;ESifh oHk;EIef;yHkrsm;udkom pm&if;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/



]]0dnmOfawmfukd,fwdkifonf pum;jzifhajym&ef e uf½Idif;vGef;aom nnf;nLr Ijzifh igwdkYtwGuf Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onfh}} ,HkMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\½IH;qHk;rIrsm;twGuf nnf;nLMuum? 0dnmOfawmf onf ¤if;wdkY twGuf qkawmif;ay;&mü nnf;nLonf/ a½G;EIwfcHolrsm;txJ½Sd 0dnmOfawmfonf olwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;um? bk&m;ocif\vusfmawmfbuf½Sd a,½Ionfvnf; olwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;onf/ (i,f 27? 34/a[NAJ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 2;1)/ þMum;0ifqkawmif;ay;rIonf ,HkMunfoludk qkawmif;&ef cGeftm;ay;onf/ (i,f 15/ *v 4;6)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyft& þusrf;csufonf? tjcm;aombmom pum;jzifhajymjcif; 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? 0dnmOfawmfonf ,HkMunfolbufrSaeum? crnf; awmfxH qkawmif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/

NASB, NRSV ]]pum;vHk;jzifhajym&ef euf½Idif;vGef;}}

NKJV ]]EIwfjzifh r>rwfqdkEkdifaom}}

TEV ]]pum;vHk;jzifh razmfjyEkdifaom}}

NJB ]]pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh rajymEkdifaom}} þpum;vHk;rSm ]]pum;ajymonf}} ]]bmompum;}} (1aum 13;1)pum;vHk;rsm;twGuf ALPHA

PRIVATIVE jzifh trsm;oHk;pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;udk"r®opfusrf;ü þae&mwGifomawGY&onf/ þ pum;vHk;udkyif tjcm;yHkpHwpfrsKd;jzifh rmuk\c&pf,mefusrf;wGif pum;t^em;rMum;olrsm;tm; ajym&müoHk; onf/ (7;37/ 9;17? 25)/



]]Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Huper aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;tm; aygvkoHk;EIef; yHk 1;30 üMunfhyg/

8;27]]pdwfESvHk;udk½SmazGppfaq;ol}} ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;xJrS jyefay:vmaompum;jzpfonf/ (1"r® 2;7/ 16;7/ 3"r® 8;39/ 1&m 28;9/ 2&m 6;30/ qmvH 7;9/ 44;21/ okwåH 15;11/ 20;27/ 21;2/ a,& 11;20/ 17;9-10/ 20;12/ vkum 16;15/ wref 1;24/ 15;8) bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk tppftrSeftwkdif; odawmfrlaeum? uRefawmfwdkYudkcspfNrJcspfaeoljzpfonf/ (qmvH 139)/



]]olonf oefY½Sif;olrsm;twGuf Mum ;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf/}} 0dnmOfawmf\wm0efrsm;udk a,m 16;215 ü ½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/ ¤if;wdkYteufwpfckrSm qkawmif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]]oefY½Sif;olrsm;}}[laom a0g[m&udk trsm;jyudef;jzifh azmfjyavh½Sdonf/ zd 4;21ürl ,HkMunfolrsm; tm;vHk;udk&nfnTef;um tenf;jyudef;jzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\rdom;pk0ifrsm;? c&pfawmf \udk,fcE¨m? ,HkMunfolwpfOD;csif;jzifh yg0ifaqmufvkyfxm;aom Adrmefawmftopfjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm taemuf wdkif;(tar&duef)wpfudk,fawmf^wpfOD;csif;0g'tm; o[mZwjzpfap&ef "r®csdefcGifjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif; t&m/ / oefY½Sif;olrsm; 1;7üMunfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /0dnmOfawmfonf yk*¾dKvfjzpfaMumif; "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}}(Oyrm? ruach)rSm YHWH \&nf½G,fcsufudk taumif txnfazmfaqmifaom pGrf;tm;jzpfaomfvnf; yk*¾dKvfjzpfaMumif; azmfjyrIt&dyfta&mifr½Sdacs/ ("r®a[mif; wpfqlbk&m;)rnfodkYjzpfap "r®opfusrf;ü[k 0dnmOfawmfrSm yk*¾dKvftjynfhtpHkESifhyk*¾dKvfjzpfaMumif; rSwfwrf; wifxm;onf/

1/ olYudk uJh&JUjypfrSm;Edkifonf/ (róJ 12;31/ rmuk 3;29)

2/ oGefoifonf (vkum 12;12/ a,m 14;26)

3/ oufaocHonf (a,m 15;26)

4/ tjypfudkjyonf? vrf;jyonf (a,m 16;7-15)

5/ ]]ol}}[kac:onf (hos) ({zuf 1;14)/

6/ pdwfemusnf;apEdkifonf ({zuf 4;30)

7/ Nidrf;apEkdifonf (1ouf 5;19) oHk;yg;wpfqlqdkif&m usrf;ydk'frsm;onfvnf; yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;taMumif;ajymonf/

1/ róJ 28;19

2/ 2aum 13;14

3/ 1ay 1;2 0dnmOfawmfukd vlom;enf;wlvkyfaqmifoltjzpf azmfjyonf/

1/ wref 15;28

2/ a&mr 8;26

3/ 1aum 12;11

4/ {zuf 4;30/ wrefawmf0w¬KwGif ppcsif;0dnmOfawmf\u@udk tav;teufjyKonf/ yifawukawåonf 0dnmOf awmf\tpr[kwfbJ? ¤if;\u@opfwpf&yfjzpfonf/ a,½Iü 0dnmOfawmftNrJ½Sdonf/ ol\a&ESpfr*FvmcH,l jcif;onf 0dnmOfawmftvkyf\tpr[kwfbJ? ¤if;\u@opfwpfckjzpfonf/ vkumonf xda&mufonfh trIawmfvkyfief;u@opfwpf&yftwGuf toif;awmfudk jyifqifay;onf/ a,½Ionf t"dupl;pdkuf&mjzpfae

qJjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf xda&mufaomwefqmyvm(means-enf;vrf;)jzpfaeqJjzpfum? crnf;awmf\ arwåmawmf? tjypfvGwfawmfrljcif;ESifh vlom;tm;vHk;wdkYtm; rdrd\o@mefawmftwdkif; jyefvnfjzpfapvmap jcif;rSm ol\yef;wdkifawmfjzpfygownf;!

(aemufqkH;jyifqifaom)

28bk&m;ocifudk cspfaom olrsm;? rdrdMuH&G,fcsufESifhtnD ac:zdwfaom xdkolwdkY aumif;usKd;twGuf t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudk bk&m;ocifvkyf apaMumif; igwdkY od&\/ 29 taMumif;rSm olonf rdrdMudKwifodESifhcJhaom olrsm;udkyif rdrdom;awmf\ ykHo@mefawmf aqmifvmapjcif;iSg MudKwifcefYxm;awmfrl\/ taMumif;rSm om;awmfonf nDtpfudk trsm;xJü om;OD;jzpfap&efwnf;/ 30MudKwifcefYxm;aom olrsm;udkyif ac:awmfrl\/ ac:awmfrlaom olwdkYudkf ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapawmfrl\/ ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapaom olrsm;udkvnf; bkef;BuD;apawmfrl\/

8;28 ]]igwdkYodMu\}} Bud,m (oida) onf þusrf;ydk'fü av;Budrf yg0ifonf/

1/ zef;qif;aom t&mtm;vkH;nnf;nIaMumif; ,kHMunfolrsm; od&Sdtm;Muonf/ (i,f 22)

2/ rnfodkY qkawmif;&rnfudk ,kHMunfolrsm; rod&SdMu (i,f 26)

3/ vlom;rsm;\ ESvkH;ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ pdwfudk crnf;awmf od&Sdonf/ (i,f 27)

4/ aumif;usKd;twGuf tm;vkH;twlvkyfaMumif; ,kHMunfolrsm; od&SdMuonf/ (i,f 28)



NASB, TCNT ]]bk&m;ocifonf t&mtm;vkH;....aponf}}

NKJV, NRSV

NET ]]t&mtm;vkH;}} TEV, NIV ]]t&mtm;vkH;ü bk&m;ocifvkyfaqmif}}

usrf;pum;qufpyfrIt& ar;cGef;rSm (Theos or Theon) ]]bk&m;}} pum;vkH; þ ti,fü ygoavm[lí jzpfonf/ ]]bk&m;ocifudk cspfaomolrsm;}} qdkon pum;pkü uJGjym;jcm;em;rI &Sdonf/

1/ tcsKdUvufa&; usrf;rsm;ü xdkBud,maemufü "ho Theos" jznfhpGufMuonf/ P46, A, B, 81 ESifh tcsKdUaom Coptic ESihf Ethiopian bmomjyefusrf;rsm;

2/ Aleph, C, D, F, G ESifh Vulgate, Peshitta, Armenian bmomjyefusrf;ponfh trsm;pk vufa&;usrf;rsm;onf ¤if;udk csefxm;Muonf/ UBS4 onf ¤if;udk "B" tqifh (aocsmoavmuf) owfrSwfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vkyfqmifrI txl;wvnf;jyK&ef NASB onf ¤if;udk xnfhoGif;onf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmjzifh Munfhonfhtcg 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIudk ajymvdkjcif;jzpf Edkifonf/ (i,f 27/ NEB, REB)

]]aumif;usKd;twGuf vkyfaqmifonf}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm syn ygaom tjcm;aygif;pyfpum;vkH;wpfck jzpfonf/ (i,f 26)/ xdkYaMumifh ¤if;\ qdkvdk&if; tppftrSefrSm



]]aumif;usKd;twGuf t&mcyfodrf;wdkYonf tcsif;csif; yl;aygif;um qufvufvkyfaqmifaeMuonf}} [lí jzpf\/ qdk;oGrf;í 'ku©qif;&JcHaeaom þurÇmwGif ¤if;rSm rSmcufcJaom oabmwpfck jzpfonf/ (þtaMumif;t&mtwGuf yHhydk;aompmtkyf ESpfrsKd;rSm Wenham a&;om;onfh The Goodness of God ESifh Hannah Whithall Smith a&;onfh The Christian Secret of a Happy Life jzpfonf/) aumif;usKd;qdkonfh t&mudk ti,f 29 ü t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfcsufay;um ]]rdrdom;awmf\ ykHo@mefudk aqmifvmap&ef}} [lí jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;rSm ukHvkH<u,f0jcif;r[kwf? usef;rma&;r[kwf? emrnfxifay: ausmfMum;rIr[kwfbJ? ,kHMunfolwdkif;twGuf rajymif;rvTJEdkifaom bk&m;ocif\ pDpOfrIjzpfonf/

]]bk&m;ocifudk cspfaom olrsm;? rdrdBuH&G,fcsufESifhtnD ac:zdwfaom xdkolwdkY}} ¤if;wdkYrSm PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE ESpfckjzpfonf/ þwnfjrJaom tajctaeESpf&yfwdkYonf ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; ajymif;vJaom tajctaersm; rnfodkY jzpfapb0toufwmtm; tjyKoabmbufrS qufvuf½Ijriffaponf/ (i,f 15)/ xdkYjyif y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m rsufESmpm ESpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ vl\ vGwfvyfrI (]]cspf}}) ESifh bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftjcmtmPm (]]ac:xm;aom}}) wdkYudkvnf; aemufxyf *½kjyKyg/ bk&m;ocif\ xm0& pDrHcsufESifh qdkifaom ]]&nf&G,fcsuf}} a0g[m&tm; a&mr 9;11 {zuf 1;11/ 3;11 ESifh 2wd 1;9 wdkYü awGU&onf/ bk&m;ocifü usqif;aom vlom;tm; a&G;EIwf&ef xm0& BuH&G,fcsuf&Sdonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREkfyf Bob \ {0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5ü Munfhyg/

8;29-30 þti,frsm;ü &Sdaom Bud,mrsm;rSm vkyfaqmifcJhjyD;aom jzpf&yfrSefjyonfh Bud,mrsm; (AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE) jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tcsdefumv [lí r&SdrDESifh? tcsdefumvr&Sdawmhaom tcsdef wdkY\ qufpyfrI wpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk od&Sdaeonf/ udk,fawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf jzpfaeqJESifh? uRefawmfwdkYtm; olESifhtwl &SdapvdkqJ jzpfonf/ þodkY qdk&mü vlom;tm; wpkwaygif;wnf;oabmjzifh ajymjcif;jzpfjyD;? wpfOD;csif;tm; qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfaMumif; usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabm t& enf;vnf&onf/ aemufqkH;bkef;BuD;apjcif;rSm? tem*wfüyif &Sdaeao;aomfvnf;? þusrf;ydk'fürl jzpfysufcJhjyD;aom t&m wpfcktjzpf azmfjyygonf/

8;29/ ]]BudKwifod&SdESihf}} aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk ESpfcgokH;&m þae&mESifh 11;2 wdkYü jzpfonf/ 11;2 onf tcsdefumv [lí r&SdrDuyif bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;wdkYtm; y#dnmOfw&m;qdkif&mjzifh cspfaMumif; &nfnTef;onf/ a[jAJ pum;ü ]]odonf}} qdkaom a0g[m&rSm vlwpfa,muftaMumif;tjzpf tysufrsm;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? vlwpfOD;csif; qufqH&mü &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrIudk qdkvdkaMumif; owd&yg/ (urÇm 4;1/ a,& 1;5)/ þae&mürl tjzpftysufrsm;\ uGif;qufwpfc yg0ifonf/ (i,f 29-30) þa0g[m&onf BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap bk&m;ocif\ BudKwifod&SdrIonf a&G;aumufjcif;\ tajccHtaMumif;w&m r[kwfacs/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkodkY qdkygu a&G;aumufjcif;onf usqif;aom vlom;\ tem*wf umvü jyKrnfwkHYjyefrIay: tajcjyKjcif;jzpfoGm;um? ¤if;udpörSm vlom;\ vkyfudkifaqmif&GufrIjzpfoGm;ayrnf/ þa0g[m&udk wref 26;5/ 1ay 1;2?20 ESifh 2ay 3;17 wdkYüvnf; awGU&ygonf/

260

]]BudKwifyg&Sdonf}} (proginŌskŌ) odkYr[kwf ]]BudKwifcefYxm;onf}} (proorizŌ) a0g[m&ESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSm 0dbwf ]]rD}} - before (pro) ESifh aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfjyD; ]]rDuod&Sdonf}} ]]rDuabmifcsxm;onf}} odkYr[kwf ]]rDtrSwftom;jyKonf}} [lí bmomjyef&ef jzpfonf/ BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;taMumif;wdusaocsmaom "r®opfusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm a&mr 8;28-30/ {zuf 1;3-14 ESifh a&mr 9 wdkYjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tcsKyftcsm jzpfaMumif;þusrf;ydk'frsm;ü xif&Sm;pGm tav;teufjyKxm;onf/ olonf vlUordkif; tygt0ift&m cyfodrf;t<uif;rJh xdef;csKyfonf/ ¤if;ü tcsdefwefonfhtcg taumiftxnfazmfonfh bk&m;&Sifwiful;csrSwfxm;onf a&GUEIwfjcif; pDrHcsuf wpfck&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þpDrHcsufrSm igwaumaumjzpfh (0g) vufa&G;0ifjyKjcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmESifh BudKwifod&Sdxm;rIudk omvQif tajcjyKjcif;r[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwÅm? *½kPmawmfESifh xdkufwefjcif;r&Sdaom? aus;Zl;awmfwdkYudkyg tajcjyKonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\ taemufwdkif; (tar&duef) wpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif; 0g'odkYr[kwf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; jyefYESHUapvdkaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwftm;xufoefrItm;jzifh þthHMobG,f&m or®mw&m;tm; ta&mifcs,fjcif; udk owdxm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif¤if;or®mw&m;tm;ordkif;qdkif&m? "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m tjiif;yGg;rIrsm; jzpfonfh Mo*wfpwif;ESifh yJv*D;&m;pf (0g) uJvfAif 0g'ESi tmrD;eD;pf 0g'rsm;xJodkY OD;vSnfhoGm;apjcif; rjyK&ef owdxm;Mu&ayrnf/

BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf? aus;Zl;awmfESifh *½kPmawmfwdkYtm; uefYowf&ef (0g) {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf vltcsKdUtm; z,fxkwfvdkufjcif;r[kwfacs/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; olwdkY\ avmutjrifudk ykHoGif;jcif;jzifh cGeftm;&Sdap&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf jzpfonf/ (a,m 3;16/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;xdef;csKyf aeonf/ rnfolrnf0g? rnfonfht&monf igwdkYtm; txHawmfrS cJGxkwfEdkifrnfenf;¿ (a&mr 8;31-39) BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf vlwpfa,muftm; b0tjrifESpfrsKd;teuf wpfrsKd;jzpfay:aponf/ bk&m;ocifonf ordkif;wpfckvkH; ypöKyÜeftjzpf ½Ijrifonf/ vlom;wdkYudk tcsdefqdkonfht&monf csKyfaESmifxm;\/ uRefawmfwdkY\ oabmxm;tjrifrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkYrSm tuefYtowfESifh jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom pdwfqE´wdkYü qefYusifbufoabmr&Sdacs/ ¤if;rSm y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m zJGUpnf;ykHjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm wif;rmaomaMumif;usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrI ykHpHjzifhay;xm;onfh or®musrf;pmawmfvm or®mw&m;\ tjcm;Oyrmwpfckjzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ta&SUwdkif; pmay 3;27ü Munfhyg/) or®musrf;pmvmMo0g' rsm;udk uJGjym;jcm;em;aomtjrifrsm;jzi wifjyxm;avh&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef ykHpHrsKd;jzifh awGU&avh&Sdonf/ or®mw&m;[lonf qefYusifbufjzpfae[eftwJG wpfwJG\ tMum;ü jzpfonf/ xdkor®mw&m; rsm;teuf wpfckudk aumuf,lum? xdkwif;rmrItm; rz,f&Sm;&acs/ or®musrf;pmvm or®mw&m;wpf&yftm; wdusonfhtaMumif;t&m qufpyfrIr&SdbJ? "r®oabmw&m;enf;pHepfwpf&yfxJ oD;jcm;oGwfoGif;jcif; rjyK&acs/ xdkYjyif a&G;aumufjcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm aoqkH;jyD; aumif;uifbkHa&muf&ef rQomr[kwfbJ? ,ckvuf&Sdü c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfaMumif; ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10) udkvnf; jznfhpGuf&ef ta&;MuD;onf! uRefawmfwdkYudk ]]oefY&Sif;í tjypfwifjcif; uif;&ef}} a&G;aumufxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk ajymif;vJoGm;ap&efESifh? xdkajymif;vJrIu tjcm;olrsm;jrifum? c&pfawmftm;jzifh olYudk ,kHMunfrIESifh wkHUjyefrI jyKvmMuap&ef &nf&G,fonf/ BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf txl;tcGifhta&;wpf&yfr[kwfbJ? y#dnOfjyKjcif; qdkif&m wm0ef0wÅ&m;wpf&yf jzpfygownf; !



]]rdrdom;awmf\ ykHo@mefawmfaqmifvmap&ef}} ¤if;rSm þpmydk'f\ t"duusaom or®mw&m;wpf&yfjzpfjyD; c&pf,mef\ yef;wkdifjzpfonf/ (8;9/ 2aum 3;118/ *v 4;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 2;10/ 4;13/ 1ouf 3;13/ 4;3/ 1ay 1;15)/ oefY&Sif;jcif;onf ,kHMunfolwdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\

a&G;aumufjcif;onf c&pfawmfESifh wlnDrIjzpfjyD; ({zu 1;4) txl;&yfwnfcsuf wpfckr[kwfacs/ zefqif;csdefü vlom;udk ay;aom bk&m;ocif\ ykHo@mefawmfudk (urÇm 1;26/ 5;13/ 9;6) ed*dkaetwdkif; jyef&ap&efjzpfonf/ (aum 3;10)/ 8;21\ rSwfcsufESi txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ac:zdwfonf 1;6ü Munfhyg/ ]]om;awmfonf nDtpfudk trsm;xJü om;OD;jzpfap&efwnf;}} qmvH 89;27 t& ]]om;OD;}} [lonf ar&Sd,t&Sif \ bJGUemrawmf wpfyg; jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;xJü om;OD;onf tBuD;jrwfqkH;ESifh tcGifhxl;&&Sdol jzpfonf/ aum 1;15ü okH;aom a0g[m&onf zefqif;jcif;xuf a,½Ionf ydkí BuD;jrwfaMumif;jyo&efjzpfum? Asm 1;5 onf &Sifjyefxajrmuf&mü tBuD;jrwfqkH;jzpfaMumif; jyo&efjzpfonf/ þpmydk'fü ,kHMunfolwdkYudk udk,fawmf\ BuD;jrifhrIxJodkY olYrSwpfqi ,laqmifoGm;onfudk awGU&onf/ þa0g[m&rSm a,½Ionf vlom;jzpfvmjcif;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;r[kwfbJ? vlrsKd;EG,ftopfwpfck\ OD;acgif;tjzpf &nfnTef;onf/ (5;12-21)/ jzpfpOf wpfck\ yxr? uRefawmfwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;\ tOD;tp? ,kHMunfjcif;rdom;pktwGuf crnf;awmf\ aumif;csD;r*Fvm pD;qif;&mvrf;aMumif; jzpfonf! atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mü Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / om;OD; þpum;vkH; ]]om;OD;}} (prototokos) udk or®musrf;pmü t"dyÜg,f trsKd;rsKd;jzifh okH;onf/

1/ ¤if;\ "r®a[mif;usrf; aemufcHrSm rdom;pkwpfck\ om;OD;tjzpf tBuD;jrwfqkH;jzpfaMumif; &nfnTef;onf/ (qm 89;27/ vkum 2;7/ a&mr 8;29/ a[jAJ 10;28)

2/ a,½Ionf zefqif;jcif;ü yxrjzpfaMumif; ajymonfh aum 1;15 ü xdkpum;vkH;okH;&m? ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf; okwÅH 8;22-31 tm; &nfnTef;jcif; okdUr[kwf bk&m;ocifonf olYtm;jzifh zefqif;aMumif;tm; &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ (a,m 1;3/ 1aum 8;6/ aum 1;15-16/ a[jAJ 1;2)/

3/ xdkpum;vkH;udk a,½Itm; aoaom olrsm;teufrS yxrOD;qkH; arG;zGm;oltjzpf aum 1;18/ 1aum 15;20 (ESifh þ ae&mü) &nfnTef;onf/

4/ ¤if;onf ar&Sd,ESifh qdkifí "r®a[mif;usrf;ü okH;aom bJGUemrawmf wpfckjzpfonf/ (qmvH 89;27/ a[jAJ 1;6/ 12;23)/ ¤if;onf u@trsKd;rsKd;ü a,½Ionf tBuD;jrwfqkH;ESifh A[kdcsufjzpfaMumif; aygif;pyfjyo&m bJGUemrawmfwpfckjzpfonf/ þpmydk'fü 3 ESifh 4 wdkYESifh udkufnDrIt&SdqkH;jzpfonf/

8;30 ]]bkef;BuD;aponf}} or®musrf;pmwGif bk&m;ocifudk ]]bkef;wefcdk;}} [laom a0g[m&jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ xdkpum;vkH;rSm ukefonf okH;a0g[m& ]]av;vHonf}} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom rl&if;pum;rS vmum a&TuJhodkY wefbdk;BuD;onf[k qdkvdkonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 3;23 ü Munfhyg/ "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifonf ti,f 29-30 ü azmfjyonfh qifhrsm;tm;jzifh usqif;cJhjyD;jzpfaom vlom;udk a&G;EIwfjcif; jzpfonf/ aemufqkH;tqifhrSm ]]bkef;BuD;apjcif;}} jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ,kHMunfol\ u,fwifjcif;jyD; jynfhpkHrIjzpfayrnf/ ¤if;onf &Sifjyefxajrmuf&m aeYü jzpfay:um? xdktcsdefü ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; olwdkY\ 0dnmOf cE¨mudk,frsm; ay;rSmjzpfNyD; (1aum 15;50-58) okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;&SifESifhvnf;aumif;? ,kHMunfoltcsif;csif;onfvnf;aumif; tjynfht0aygif;pnf;oGm;Muvdrfhrnf/ (1ouf 4;13-18/ 1a,m 3;2)/

ti,f 29-30ü azmfjyonfh jzpfpOfrsm;udk "r®oabm trskd;rskd;jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/

1/ ajzmifhrwf&müwnfapjcif;? i,f 30 tjypf\ 'PfrS vGwfajrmufapjcif; (om;t&mü csD;ajr§mufjcif;? tarGcHrsm;? i,f 16-17)

2/ oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; (Oyrm? ]]om;awmf\ o@mefawmftwdkif; ajymif;vJoGm;apjcif;? ykHoGif;jcijf;}}) i,f 29- tjypf\ wefcdk;rS vGwfajrmufapjcif; (c&pfawmfenf;wl touf&Sifjcif;)

3/ bkef;BuD;apjcif; i,f 30/ tjypf&Sd&m t&yfrS vGwfajrmufapjcif;/ (þavmurS aumifuifbkHodkY)

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 8;31-39

31odkYjzpfvQif þt&mrsm;ü tb,fodkY ajym&rnfenf;¿ bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtwGuf jzpfvQif igwwbufü rnfolaeoenf;¿ 32rdrdom;awmfudkyif ESajrmjcif; r&SdbJ? igwdkYtm;vkH;twGuf tyfESHawmflrI olonf om;awmfESifhtwl t&mcyfodrf;udk igwdkYtm; tcrJh ray;bJ? aeOD;rnfavm¿

33bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufawmfrIaom olwdkY wbufü tb,foltjypfwifvdrfhrnfenf;¿ ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfapawmfrl olrSm bk&m;ocifjzpf\/ 34jypf'PfpD&ifolrSm rnfolenf;¿ c&pfawmf a,½Ionf aoqkH;oGm;olomru? jyef&Sifxajrmufum? bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbufü aeum? uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;oljzpfonf/ 35igwdkYudk c&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwÅmrS b,folcJGxkwfrnfenf;¿'ku©qif;&J? aomua0'em? nTef;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;? iwfrGwfjcif;? t0wftpm;uif;rJhjcif;? ab;tEÅ&,fESifh"g;wdkYonf cGJxkwfEdkifOD;rnfavm¿ 36udk,fawmftwGuf uREfkyfwdkYonf wpfaeYwmvkH; taoowfjcif; cH&Mu\/ uRefawmfwdkYudk owfbdkU xm;aom odk;uJhodkY oabmxm;Mu\ [lí a&;xm;onfhtwdkif; jzpf\/ 37odkYaomf igwdkYudk cspfawmfrlolrSwqifh þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf tBuD;tus,fatmifEdkifMu\/ 38taMumif;rlum; aojcif;jzpfap? touf&Sifjcif;jzpfap? aumif;uifwrefrsm;jzpfap? txG#ftjrwfrsm;jzpfap? vuf&Sdt&mrsm;jzpfap? aemuftem*wft&mrsm;jzpfap? tmPmwefcdk;rsm;jzpfap? 39tjrifhjzpfap? euf½dIif;aomt&mjzpfap? zefqif;onfhtjcm;t&m wpfpkHwpfckjzpfap igwdkY\ ocifc&pfawmftxJ&Sd bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfESifh igwdkYu ruGmapEdkifaMumif; igoabmayguf\/ 8;31 ]]odkYjzpfvQif þt&mrsm;ü tb,fodkY ajym&rnfenf;¿}} ¤if;onf aygvkESpfoufvSaom pum;pk wpfckjzpfum? jypfwifpmykHpH ol\ wifjyrIudk ay:vGifaponf/ (3;5/ 4;1/ 6;1/ 7;7/ 9;14? 30) þar;cGef;onf ay;xm;cJhaom or®mw&mrsm;ESi qufpyfonf/ ¤if;onf aemufydkif;azmfjycJhonfh t&mrsm;rnfrQxdnTef;qdkaMumif; raocsmay/ ¤if;onf 3;21-31 (0g) 8;1 (0g) 8;18 tm;&nfnTef;jcif;jzpf Edkifonf/ 8;1 ü tokH;jyKcJhaom ]]xdkYaMumifh}} pum;vkH;ESifh 8;18 \ taMumif;t&mwdkYonf þcefYrSef;jcif; rSefuefaMumif;jyorI jzpfEdkifonf/

]]vQif}} ¤if;rSm yxrwefpm; cRif;csuf 0gusrsKd;jzpfjyD;? pma&;oltjrifü trSef[k rSwf,ljcif; (0g) ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ igwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ tjypfESifh þrQ&kef;uefaeonfh Mum;xJ thHMop&maumif;onfrSm bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtwGuf jzpfaejcif;yif!

]]igwdkYwbufü rnfolaeoenf;}} emrfpm; ]]rnfol}} pum;vkH;udk ti,f 33? 34?35 wdkYü xyfrHazmfjyonf/ ¤if;rSm pmwefjzpfonf/ (16;20 rwdkifrcsif; emrnftm;jzifh razmfjyacs/) þpmydk'fjzpfonfh 31-39 ü "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;\ pmaya&;[efudk okH;jyD;? w&m;cGif oabmjzpfonf/ (rdu©m 1;6)/ YHWH onf rdrdvlrsKd;awmftm; olwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;umr½kPfazgufzsufrIaMumifh w&m;cGifodkY ac:oGm;onf/ ¤if;onf a[&Sm, 50;8-9udk nTef;onf/ w&m;Oya'qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;jzpfonfh ]]wbufü}} jypf'PfpD&ifonf}} i,f 34 ESifh ]]Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;onf}} i,f 34wdkYudk rSwfom;yg/ bk&m;ocifrSm w&m;olMuD;jzpfonf/ c&pfawmfrSm ckcHavQmufvJcsuf ay;ola&SUae (w&m;;cH tusKd;aqmif) jzpfonf/ pmwefrSm w&m;vdk a&SUaejzpfonf/ (odkYaomf oljidrfí aeonf)/ aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf apmifhMunfhavhvmolrsm;tjzpf wpfcef;vkH; jynfhaeonf/ 91aum 4;9/ {zuf 2;7/ 3;10)/

8;32 ]]rdrdom;awmfudkyif rESajrmaomol}} bk&m;ocifonf usqif;aom vlom;tm; rdrd\ taumif;qkH;udk ay;cJhjyD/ udk,fawmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk ,ckusrS tenf;i,fudk omvQi ay;vdrf.rnfr[kwfacs/ (a,m3;16/a&mr 5;8) "r®a[mif;usrf;xJutmCwBuD;rm;aom bk&m;ocifqdkonfh t,ltqonf arwÅ&Sif a,½IESifh rnfrQuJGvTJbdoenf;! tqkH;pGefaom þvufaqmifonf tmjA[HxH bk&m;ocifazmfjyonfh.... urÇmOD;

22;12? 16 udk ay:vGifapygonf/ *sL;&AÁq&mBuD;rsmonf

þ"r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'ftm; tmjA[H\ tquftEG,ftwGuf tpm;xkd;&m tjypfajzjcif;twGuf okH;cJhMuonf/

]]igwdkYtm;vkH;twGuf tyfESHawmfrlonf}} ]]tm;vkH;}} [laom þusrf;ydk'fxJu pum;vkH;rSm t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ a,½Ionf avmu\ tjypfrsm;twGuf taocHonf/ (vkum 2;10-11/ a,m 3;16/ 4;42/ 11;51/ 1wd 4;10/ 1a,m 2;2/ 4;14)/ ¤if;onf 5;12-21 u tm'H c&pfawmfykHaqmifcsufrsm;udk xif[yfaponf/ a,½I\ taocHjcif;onf tjypfjyóemudk ajz&Sif;onf/ ,ck ]],kHMunfí vufcHyg}} qdkonfrSm jyóemjzpfonf/

]]t&mcyfodrf;udk igwdkYtm; tcrJhay;}} ]]þBud,monf aus;Zl;awmf [laom pum;vkH; qif;ouf&m *&dpum;vkH; jzpfonf/ t&mcyfodrf;}} [k qdk&mü tcef; 7 udk &nfnTef;onf/ 3;24 rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

]]tjypfwif}} .... ajzmifhrwf&mü wnfap .... jypf'PfpD&if ... Mum;0if awmifyefay; (qkawmif;ay;)}} þpum;vkH; tm;vkH;wdkYrSm w&m;Oya' pum;vkH;rsm; jzpfonf/ ti,f 31-39 rSm aumif;uifbkHw&m;cGif\ jrifuGif;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf a[&Sm, 50;8-9 udk nTef;qdkEdkifonf/ 8;33 ]]bk&m;ocif a&G;aumufawmfrlaom olwdkY}} a,½Ionf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;aumufawmfrlol jzpfonf/ (Barth) þor®mw&m;twGuf "r®opfusrf;xJu t&Sif;qkH;? tjynfhpkHqkH; usrf;ykd'frsm;rSm {zuf 1;3-4 ESifh a&mr 9;14-16 w jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vkH;udk a&G;csuf&ef? crnf;awmfonf a,½Iudk a&G;cs,fonf? usqif;aom vlom;udk bk&m;ocifu ]]r}} [k qdkjcif;twGuf a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\ ]][kwf}} jzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / a&G;aumufjcif;? BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifh "r®oabm w&m;csdefcGifvQmnD&ef vdktyfrI/ a&G;aumufjcif;onf tHhMop&maumif;aom Mo0g' wpf&yfjzpfonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;onf rsufESmomay;í rsufESmvdkuf&efr[kwfbJ? vrf;aMumif;wpfck? wefqmyvmwpfck (0g) tjcm;olrsm;tm; a&G;EIwf&ef enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;üþpum;vkH;udk trIawmfudpötwGuf t"du tokH;jyKum? "r®opfusrf;ürl u,fwifjcif;twGuf rlvtm;jzifh tokH;jyKjcif;jzpfjyD;? ¤if;onf trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;udk jzpfay:aponf/ or®usrf;pmonf qefYusifbufjzpf[ef&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qE´wdkYudk o[mZmwjzpfap&ef ndSEdIif;jcif;rjyKcJhbJ? ESpfckpvkH; twnfjyKonf! or®musrf;pmawmfvm þwif;rmrItwGuf aumif;rSefaom OyrmwpfckrSm a&mr 9 u bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmESifh a&mr 10 u vlom;\ wkHUjyefrI vdktyfjcif;taMumif;wdkY jzpfonf/ (10;11? 13)/

þ"r®oabmw&m; wif;rmrI\ aomhcsufudk {zuf 1;4 ü awGU&SdEdkifonf/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif a&G;aumufaom vlom;jzpfum? vlom;tm;vkH;rSm olYtxJü tvm;tvmaumif;pGm a&G;cs,fonf/ (Karl Barth) usqif;cJhaom vlom;\ vdktyfrItwGuf a,½IrSm bk&m;ocif\ ]][kwfuJh}} jzpfonf/ (Karl Barth)

BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;\ yef;wdkifrSm aumif;uifbkHr[kwfbJ? oefY&Sif;jcif; (c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif;) jzpfaMumif; {zuf 1;4 onf twnfjyKum? &Sif;vif;oGm;&ef yhHydk;ay;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;üom tm½kHa&mufum? ¤if;\ wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;udk vpfvsL½Irdavh&SdMuonf! bk&m;ocif\ ac:zdwfjcif; (a&G;cs,fjcif;) onf xm0&twGuf jzpfonf enf;[ktcsdef umvtwGufvnf; jzpfonf ! Mo0g'rsm; [lonf wpfckaom or®mw&m;? qufpyfrI r&Sdaom or®mw&m;rsm;ESifh r[kwfbJ? or®mw&m;tm;vkH;ESifh qufpyfonf/ aumif;rGefpGm rsKd;uJGqifwlrIwpf&yfonf Mu,fpk wpfpkESifh Mu,fwpfvkH;yrm jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf or®mw&m;rsm;udk wifjy&mü taemufwdkif;pmay[efjzifh r[kwfbJ? ta&SUwdkif; pmay[efjzifh wifjyonf/ Mo0g' qdkif&m or®mw&m;rsm;tm; twJGvdkuf tusKd;taMumif; jyrIrsm;jzifh wifquf&mrS jzpfay:vmaom wif;rmrIrsm;udk z,f&Sm;jcif;rjyK&acs/ (¤if;wdkUrSm qefYusifaeoa,mif xif&aomfvnf; xdkodkY r[kwfaom wifjyrI wpfrsKd; Paradoxical jzpfonf/)

1/ BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;onf vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom qE´ESifh tNydKif

2/ ,kHMunfolrsm;\ vkHjcHKrI onfpJGjrJ&ef vdktyfrIESifh - tNydKif

3/ ADZtjypfonfpdwfqE´jzifh jyKaom tjypfESifh tNydKif

4/ tjypfuif;jcif;? pHkvifjynfh0rI 0g'onftjypf enf;EdkiforQ enf;jcif;ESifh - tNydKif

5/ ppcsif; csufjcif; ajzmifhrwfí oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;onf jzpfay:wdk;wufaeaom oefY&Sif;pifMu,f rIESifh - tNydKif

6/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIonff c&pf,mef wm0ef 0wÅ&m;ESifh tNydKif

7/ bk&m;ocifonf (vlom;tm;) ausmfvGefrIonfftwGif; tpÆswÅoEÅmefü &Sdaom bk&m;ocifESifhtNydKif

8/ vlom;rsm;tqkH;pGefxd rem;vnfEdkifol bk&m;jzpfjcif;onf or®musrf;pmxJü odEdkifol bk&m; jzpfjcif;ESifh - NydKif

9/ ypöKyÜefumv bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfumvü jynfhpkHrIESifh - tNydKif

10/ aemifw&jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifwpfckjzpfjcif;rSm y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m vlom;\ wkHYjyefrItjzpf aemifw&&ef vkdtyfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif

11/ a,½Ionf bk&m;jzpfjcif;rSm a,½Ionf vlom;wpfa,mufjzpfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif

12/ a,½Ionf crnf;awmfESifh nDrQjcif;rSm a,½Ionf crnf;awmf\ tapcHjzpfjcif;ESifh - tNydKif ]]y#dnOfw&m;}} [laom "r®oabmw&m;onf trdefYawmfcsrSwfum tcsKyftcsmjzpfol bk&m;ocif (tpjyKum? tpDtpOfcsrSwfavh&Sdonf) tm; aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh qufvufwkHYjyefrI jyK&aom vlom;wdkYESifh aygif;pnf;ay;onf/ qefYusifaeoa&mifjzpfaeaom or®mw&m;twJGwpfck\ tjcm;wzufwnf;jzifh twnfjyKum? tjcm;wzufudk ½Iwfcsjcif;tm; txl;owdxm;yg! rdrdpdwfBudKufMo0g' (0g) "r®oabmw&m; pepfwpf&yftm; tom;ay;jcif;udk owdxm;yg!

8;34 tb,faMumifh jypf'PfpD&ifrcH&aMumif;\ taMumif;&if; tawmfrsm;rsm; þtcef;i,fü azmfjyonf/ (i,f 1)

1/ udk,fawmf taocHcJhonf

2/ udk,fawmfjyef&SifxajrmufcJhonf

3/ bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbufü udk,fawmf&Sdonf

4/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf udk,fawmf Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;onf/ a,½I\ taocHjcif;onf igwdkY tjypf\ jypf'Pfu cHay;oGm;cJhonf/ (a[&Sm, 53/ rmuk 10;45/ 2aum 5;21)/ a,½I\ jyef&SifxajrmufrIonf om;awmf jyKcJhonfh trIawmftm; crnf;awmf vufcHawmfrIaMumif; jyoum? nSOf;yef;ESdyfpufcHjcif;ESifh aoqkH;&mü ajrmfvifhjcif; ay;onf/ (tdrfaysmfaeolrsm;eufrS tOD;oD;)/ crnf;awmf\ vusfmawmfbufü a,½Itm; csD;ajr§mufjcif;ESifh ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;jcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh aumif;aom wdkufcdkufjcif; jyK&ef owÅday;onf/ 

]]bk&m;ocif\ vusfmawmfbuf}} ¤if;rSm vlom;uJhodkY wifpm;azmfjyrI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif; t&m/ / 1;18ü Munfhyg) bk&m;ocifü ½lyudk,fcE¨mr&Sdacs/ olonf ]]eH0dnmOf}} jzpf\/ þwifpm;rIonf wefcdk;&Sdaom ae&mt&yf? tcGifhtmPmESifh tBuD;jrwfqkH;ae&mtm; ajymjyjcif; jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þazmfjyrIudk rMucP rokH;acs/ ({zuf 1;30/ aum 3;1)/ aygvkonf ueOD; c&pf,mef,kHMunfrI wpfcktm; ti,f 34 ü azmfjyjcif; jzpfEdkifygonf/ (zdvdyÜd 2;6/ 1wd 3;16)/



]]Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;onf}} a,½I\ trIawmfrSm qufvufaeqJ jzpfonf/ a,½Ionf 0dnmOfawmf enf;wl (i,f 26-27) uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf qkawmif;ay;aeonf/ (a[jAJ 4;4-16/ 7;25/ 9;24/ 1a,m 12;1)/ ¤if;rSm OyZösm,fq&m paraclete qkdonfh a0g[m&jzpfjyD; a,m[ef 14;16 wGif 0dnmOfawmfü okH;um? 1a,m 2;1ü om;awmftjzpfokH;onf/ ¤if;onf 'ku©qif;&JcHol tapcH\ aw;oDcsif;tm; &nfnTef;rI tjcm;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (a[m&Sm, 53;12)/ 8;35 ]]c&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwÅm}} ¤if;rSm pdwfoEÅmefü &Sdaom t&m (SUBJECTIVE odkYr[kwf jrif&aomt&m (OBJECTIVE) wpfckckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm (1) c&pfawmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk cspfaom arwÅm odkYr[kwf (2) ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfudk cspfaom arwÅmwpfckckjzpfEdkifonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü eHygwf 1ESifh ydkí udkufnDygonf/ (2 aum 5;14)/ taMumif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm; c&pfawmf ay:xm;&Sdaom arwÅmrSm oGm;vdkufjyefvdkufjzpfaomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkY ay:c&pfawmf\ arwÅmrSm aocsmí wnfMunfonf/ þpum;pkü *&dvufa&;usrf;uJG wpfck&Sdonf/

1/ wpfckaom *&da&S;acwfü ]]bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf}} [lí yg&Sdonf/ (MS Aleph)

2/ wpfckaom a&S;acwfvufa&;usrf;ü ESpfrsKd; aygif;pyfum ]]c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmf}} [k yg&Sdonf/ (MS \ B)

3/ UBS4 usrf;jyKolrsm;onf ]]c&pfawmf\ arwÅm}} udk ,lum "A" tqifh (aocsm) owfrSwfMuonf/ ¤if;onf MSS \ C, D, F, D ESifh trsm;pk acwfa[mif; Latin, Vulgate ESifh Peshitta wdkYü yg&Sdonf/

]]'ku©qif;&J? aomua0'em? n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;}} c&pf,mefrsm;onf þavmuü jyóem tcuftcJrsm; awGU&vdrfhrnf jzpfaomfvnf; xdkjyóemcufcJrIrsm; (0g) qdk;oGrf;rI wefcdk;yg0grsm;onf olwdkYudk bk&m;ocifESifh uJGuGmoGm;apEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 'ku©qif;&Jrsm; 5;3 ü Munfhyg/

8;36 ¤if;rSm qmvH 44;22rS azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ þ qmvHusrf;ü bk&m;ocifudk 'Pf&m temw&cHpm;&aom rdrdvlrsKd;tm; u,fvTwfrnfh ol[k ac:onf/

8;37

NASB ]]odkYaomf þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf tBuD;tus,fatmifEdkifMu\/}}

NRJV ]]odkYaomf þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf ydkí atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/}}

NRSV ]]xkdodkYr[kwf/ þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf ydkí atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/}}

TEV ]]xdkodkYr[kwf/ þt&mrsm;tm;vkH;ay: igwdkYonf udk,fawmftm;jzifh t<uif;rJhatmifEdkifrI &&SdMu\/}}

NJB ]]¤if;wdkYrSm igwdkY atmifEdkifrI&&m ppfaMumrIrsm; jzpf\}}

¤if;rSm ]]atmifEdkifonf }} qdkaom a0g[m&tm; txl;wvnfjyKjcif;ykHpHwpfck jzpfonf/ þa0g[m& (huper + nikao) udk aygvkwGif cJhjcif;jzpfayrnf/ ¤if;rSm thHMobG,f&m a&maESmwifpm;rI jzpfjyD; ]]atmifEdkifaom odk;}} [lí jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfrS tqifh atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ (a,m 16;33/ 1a,m 2;13-14/ 4;4/ 5;4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Huper aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm; aygvktokH;jyKykH 1;30 ü Munfhyg/

]]igwdkYudkcspfawmfrlolrSwqifh}} \ emrfpm;onf crnf;awmfbk&m; odkYr[kwfom;awmfudk &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ 8;38 ]]igoabmayguf\}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfjyD; ]]igonf oabmaygufapjcif;cHcJhjyD; jzpf&m qufvufí oabmaygufapjcif; cH&ayOD;rnf}} [k qdkvdkonf/

]]aumif;uifwrefrsm;}} *sL;&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\ ,lqrIü aumif;uifwrefrsm;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf pdwftm;BuD;um? vlom;rsm;udk *½kpdkufMuojzifh olwdkYtay:&ef vdkMuonf[k qdkonf/ aemhpwpfac: vTJrSm;aom q&morm;rsm;\ tvdkt& u,fwifjcif; [lonf &efvdkaom aumif;uifwrefrsm; avmu (0g) eons rsm;\ vQKdU0Sufpum;rsm;tm;jzifhom &Edkifaomt&mjzpfonf[ qdkMuonf/ (aumavmoJESifh {zuf Mo0g'pmrsm;) aumif;uifwrefrsm; qdkonfhpum;vkH;twGuf aygvkokH;onfh a0g[m&rsm; taMumif;tusOf;csKyfrI wpfck George Eldon Ladd \A Theology of the New Testament ü awGU&onf/ aygvkonf aumif;aom aumif;uifwref qdk;aomaumif;uifwref? pmwefESifh ewfqdk;rsm;udk nTef;qdk½kHomru emrf0dnmOfjzpfaom aumif;uifwrefrsm;\ &mxl;tqifhtwef;rsm;u yg&nfnTef;onfh tjcm; pum;vkH; tkyfpkwpfckudkyg okH;avh&Sdonf/ tac:ta0grSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/

tkyfcsKyfonf (arche) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ aum 2;10 tkyfcsKyfolrsm; archai; RSV ]]txG#ftjrwfrsm;}} principalities {zuf 30;10/ 6;12/ aum 1;16/ 2;15/ a&mr 8;38 tmPmpuf (exousia) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ aum 2;10 tmPmydkifrsm; (exousiai; RSV, authorities) {zuf 3;10/ 6;12/ aum 1;16/ 2;15/ wefcdk; (dynamis) 1aum 15;24/ {zuf 1;21/ wefcdk;&Sdolrsm; (dynameis) a&mr 8;38 &mZyv’ifrsm; (thronoi) aum 1;16 tpdk;&jcif; (kyriotes RSV, dominion tkyfpdk;jcif;) {zuf 1;21 tmPmpufrsm; (kyriotetes) aum 1;16 þarSmifrdkufavmuudk tpdk;w&jyKolrsm;? {zuf 6;12 aumif;uift&yfrsm;ü &Sdaom 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;? {zuf 6;12 arSmifrkduf\ wefcdk;tmPm? aum 1;13 rSnfhcJhorQ emrnf tm;vkH;? {zuf 1;21 aumif;uif? ajrBuD;ESifh atmuft&yf&SdowÅ0grsm;? zd 2;10 (p. 401 )

"r®a[mif;usrf;xJu usqif;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifh "r®opfusrf;uewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm;\ qufpyfrItm; or®musrf;pmvm wdkuf&dkufazmfjyrI r&Sdacs/ ¤if;wdkYrSm twlwlyif jzpfonf[k trsm;tm;jzifh rSwf,lxm;Muonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ aemifwGif jzpfysufrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;qdkif&m pmaywdkYü ewfqdk;wdkYrSm aumif;uifwrefwydkif;? vlwydkif; jzpfaom urÇmOD; 6 ü azmfjyonfh ezdvdrf Nephilim ac: vlYbDbl;BuD;rsm;\ 0dnmOfrsm;jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIuyfab;BuD;onf olwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mrsm;udk zsufqD;cJhojzifh olwdkYonf udk,fcE¨mESifh aep&mt&yf &SmazGMuonf[k qdkonf ! ¤if;rSm pdwful;jzifh rSef;qrIrQom jzpfonf/ rlvtprsm;qdkif&m uRefawmfwdkY\ ar;cGef;tm;vkH; or®musrf;pmü tajzray;acs/ ¤if;\ MuH&G,fcsufrSm vlom;tm; a&G;EIwfjcif;taMumif;jzpfjyD;? olwdkY\ od&SdpyfpkvdkrIrsm;twGuf r[kwfacs ! 

]]txG#ftjrwfrsm;.... tmPmwefcdk;rsm;}} ¤if;u &nfnTef;onfrSm (1) aumif;uifwrefrsm; (0g) þuyfumv ewfqdk;? 0dnmOfqdk;rsm; ({zuf 2;2/ 6;12/ 1aum 15;24/ aum 1;16) odkY r[kwf (2) usqif;aom vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; bk&m;ocif tay:rSDcdkudk;pm;rI uif;vGwfoGm;aponfh? usqif;aom þavmu\ udk,fcE¨mrJht&mrsm; jzpfaom (bmoma&;? tpdk;&rsm;? ynma&;? aq;0g;? azsmfajza&;vkyfief;rsm;... pojzifh) jzpfEdkifygonf/ (Hendrickus Berkhoff, a&;om;onfh (Principalities and Powers) 13;1\ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

268

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ARCHE

e,fy,f? ykdifeuf (domain) rSm *&da0g[m& arche jzpfjyD; t"dyÜg,frSm wpfpkHwpfck\ ]]tp}} odkYr[kwf ]]rlv}} jzpfonf/

1/ zefqif;jcif;\ tp (a,m 1;11/ 1a,m 1;1/ a[jAJ 1;10)

2/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ tp (rmuk 1;1/ zd 4;15/ 2ouf 2;13/ a[jAJ 2;3)

3/ yxrrsufjrif oufaorsm; (vkum 1;2)

4/ edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;\ tp (xl;qef;aom edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;? a,m 2;11)

5/ rlvtajccH w&m;rsm; w&m;Ek (a[jAJ 5;12)

6/ owif;aumif;or®mw&m;ay: tajcjyKonfh pdwfcs&rI\ tp (a[jAJ 3;14)

7/ tptOD;? aum 1;18/ Asm 3;14

¤if;udk ]]tkyfcsKyfonf}} (0g) ]]tcGifhtmPm^tmPmpuf}} tjzpf tokH;jyKvmcJhonf/

1/ tkyfcsKyfaom vlom;t&m&Sdrsm;/ (u) vkum 12;11 (c) vkum 20;20 (*) a&mr 13;3/ wdwk 3;1

2/ tmPmydkif aumif;uifwrefrsm; (u) a&mr 8;38 (c) 1aum 15;24 (*) {zuf 1;21/ 3;10/ 6;12 (C) aum 1;16/ 2;10? 15 (i) ,k' 6 rSm;,Gif;ol þq&morm;wdkYonf avmuD? avmukwÅ&m tmPmydkifrsm;tm;vkH; txifao;Muonf/ olwdkYrSm bmomt,l0g'udk qefYusifonfh pm&dwÅrJh0g'rsm; jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf bk&m;ocifxuf? aumif;uifwrefrsm;? vlrItmPmydkifrsm;ESifh toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;xuf olwdkYudk,folwdkY yxrt&mü xm;Muonf/

8;39 ]]tjrifhjzpfap? euf½Idif;aomt&mjzpfap}} þa0g[m&wdkYtm; vlom;wdkY\ b0wdkYudk xdef;csKyfol bk&m;rsm;tjzpf ,kHMunfcJhMuonfh Mu,frsm;\ ta0;qkH;wnfae&mESifh teD;qkH;wnfae&mwdkYudk azmfjy&ef tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ aemufydkif;wGif aemhpwpfac: rdpäm0g'D rsm; okH;aom eons ac: ynm&yfqdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;

jzpfvmMuum? oefY&Sif;aom bk&m; (god) ESif hqdk;oGrf;aom t&mrsm; zefwD;olydkrdk wefcdk;enf;yg;aom bk&m; (god) tMum; aumif;uifwreftqifhtwef;qdkif&m a0g[m&jzpfvmonf/



]]zefqif;onfhtjcm;t&m wpkHwck}} ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,ftppftrSefrSm tjcm;owÅ0gtrsKd;tpm; (heteros) jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tjcm;wefcdk;BuD;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;udk &nfnTef;aMumif;pm tquftpyf oabmu jyaeygonf/ *&d0dbwf heteros onf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom tjcm; trsKd;tpm; wpfckudk azmfjyum? allos onf wlnDaom tjcm;rsKd;tpm; wpfcku jyonf/ ¤if;pum;wdkYrSm Koine Greek (trsm;okH; *&dpum;) ü r&Sdaomfvnf; þusrf;ydk'fü wpfrsKd;wzkHjzifh azmfjyyg&Sdaeonf/

]].... jzpfap .... bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfESifh igwdkYudk ruGmapEdkif ....}} BuD;rm;vSaom pdwfcsrI ygwum;! þtcef;BuD;onf rnfonfh jypf'PfpD&ifrIrS r&SdaMumif;ESifh tpjyKum? ruGmapEdkif[laom pum;ESifh tqkH;owfxm;onf/ ,kHMunfol\ u,fwifjcif;udk rnfolurS rvk,lEdkifacs/ odkYaomf tpjyK wkHUjyefrIESifh (3;21-31) qufvufwkHYjyefrI (tcef;BuD; 4-8) &Sd&ayrnf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf aomhcsufjzpfaomfvnf; trdefYawmftm;jzifh jyKonfh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m wkHUjyefrI [lí &Sdygonf/ emcHjcif;ESifh pJGjrJjcif;rsm; vdktyfonf enf;wl aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif;wdkYvnf; vdktyfonf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/ 20;21) ! aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/

1/ tcef;BuD; 8 ESifh tcef;BuD; 7 rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;¿

2/ jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;r&Sdygu? ,kHMunfol\ toufwmü tjypfonf rnfodkY tusKd;oufa&mufoenf;¿

3/ ,kHMunfolrsm;xJ usdef;0yfonfrSm 0dnmOfawmf (0g) a,½Irnfolenf;¿ (i,f 9)

4/ vl\ tjypfonf obm0avmuudk rnfodkY xdcdkufcJhoenf;¿ (i,f 19-22)/ obm0 avmuonf aumif;uifbkH\ tpdwftydkif;jzpfvmOD;rnfavm¿ (a[&Sm, 11;6-10)

5/ 0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf rnfuJhodkY qkawmif;ay;oenf;¿ (i,f 26-27)/ ¤if;onf ]]tjcm;aom bmomjzifh ajymjcif;}} udk nTef;qdkygovm;¿

6/ þuJhodkY qdk;oGrf;aom avmuwGif t&mcyfodrf;onf aumif;usKd;twGuf vkyfonf[k or®musrf;pmü tb,faMumifh ajymEdkif oenf;¿ (i,f 28)/ ]]aumif;}} [laom pum;vkH; (i,f 29) udk t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfyg/

7/ ti,f 30&Sd "r®oabmw&m; uGif;qufxJü tb,faMumifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif; rygoenf;¿

8/ ti,f 31-39 udk tb,faMumifh w&m;cGifjrifuGif;jzpfonf[k ajym&oenf;¿

9/ a,½ItaMumif; tcef;i,f 34ü azmfjyonf tcsufav;csufudk azmfjyyg/

a&mr 9

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;

NRSV TEV NJB bk&m;\a&G; c&pfawmfudktpöa&; tpöa&;\r,kHMunf bk&m;ESifh vlrsKd; tpöa&;\tcGifhxl;rsm; aumufjcif; wdkYjiif;y,fjcif; jcif;jyóem awmf

UBS4 NKJV

9;1-5 9;1-5 9;1-5 9;1-5 9;1-5 tpöa&;\jiif;qef tpöa&;ay:uwd bk&m;onfuwd rIESifhbk&m;\ awmfrysufuGuf awmfapmihfxdef; &nf&G,fcsuf 9;6-13 9;6-13 9;6-13 9;6-9 9;6-13 9;10-13 tpöa&;\jiif;qef bk&m;\a&G; bk&m;onfr rIESifh bk&m;\ cs,fydkifcGifh ajzmifhrwfol w&m;rQwrI r[kwf

9;14-18 9;14-29

9;14-18 9;14-18 9;14-18 trsufawmfESifh trsufawmfESifh

*½kPmawmf

*½kPmawmf 9;19-29

9;19-26

9;19-21 9;19-21 9;22-29 9;22-24 t&mcyfodrf;"r® a[mif;ü BudKí ajymcJhjyD/ 9;25-29

9;27-29

ppfrSefaomajzmifh tpöa&;ESifh {0Ha*vdw&m; vuf&Sdtjcae rwfrI,kHMunfrIjzifh& {0Ha*vdw&m; 9;30-10-10;4

tpöa&;ESifh tpöa&;\

9;30-104 9;30-10;4 9;30-33

ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif; þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmudk rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/ tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm; wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/ t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f

3/ wwd,pmydk'f

4/ ... pojzifh

tcef;BuD; 9-11 ESifh tcef;BuD; 1-8 wdkY qufpyfykH

u/ þpmpkESifh tcef;BuD; 1-8 wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk em;vnfoabmaygufykH ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/

1/ þpmpk\ taMumif;t&mrSm vkH;0oD;jcm;jzpfjyD;? "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m Mum;n§yf xnfhoGif;rI wpfckjzpfonf/

(u) 8;9 ESifh 9;1 wdkYonf tBuD;tus,fqefYusifbufjzpfum? ¤if;wdkYü qufpyfrIr&Sd/

(c) ¤if;rSm a&mrjrdKUtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; ordkif;0if wif;rmrIESifh wdkuf&dkufqufpyfonf/ ¤if;rSm toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrIü wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\ u@ydkí BuD;xGm;vmjcif;ESifh qufpyfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

(*) tpöa&; (ESifh ynwfw&m;awmf) ESifh qdkifaom aygvk\ a[majymrIESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm; twGuf ol\ wrefawmft&mwdkYaMumifh (tcrJhaus;Zl;awmfay;prf;awmfrljcif;) olYtay: em;vnfrI vTJrSm;jcif;&Sdojzifh olonf þtaMumif;t&mudk þtydkif;ü aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfonf/

2/ ¤if;rSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk aygvkwifjy&mü txG#ftxdyfESifh wuúaA'enf;us ed*Hk;csKyf jzpfonf/

(u) aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 8udk ]]bk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfESifh ruGmapEdkif}} [laom uwdpum;ESifh ed*kH;csKyfonf/ y#dnOfcH vlrsKd;awmftwGif; r,kHMunfolrsm; rnfodkY jzpfrnfenf;¿

(c) tpöa&;\ r,kHMunfrIESifh oufqdkifaom {0Ha*vdw&m;\ qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef or®mw&m;\ tajzudk a&mr 9-11 ü tajzay;onf/

(*) aygvkonf þtaMumif;udkyif þMo0gpmwpfavQmufvkH;ü ajymcJhjyD;? ajymaeqJvnf; jzpfonf/ (1;3? 16/ 3;21? 31 ESifh 4;1) (C)bk&m;ocifonf rdrdEIwfuywfawmfay: opöm&SdaMumif; aygvkajymonf/ "r®a[mif;ü tpöa&;twGuf bk&m;ocifajymonfh EIwfuywfawmfrSm rnfodkYenf;¿ tqdkyguwdawmf tm;vkH;zsufjy,fí qdwfnOf;oGm;cJhjyDavm¿

c/ þpmpkudk trsKd;rsKd;tusOf;csKyfEdkifonf/

1/ jiif;qefol&Sdav[ef aygvk\ pma&;ykH (a0zefpmrsddK;jzifh) (u) 9;6 (c) 9;14 (*) 9;19 (C) 9;30 (i) 11;1 (p) 11;11

2/ a&mr 9-11 rSm pmpkwpfckjzpfonf/ (tcef;MuD;? tcef;i,fjzifh ydkif;jcm;rIrSm 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwf? rl&if;pmrsm;ü rygbJ? aemufydkif;üom xnfhoGif;jcif;jzpfonf/) wpfckvkH;jcHKMunfhum teufjyef&efjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap tenf;qkH; t"dutaMumif;t&m tydkif; okH;ydkif; &Sdygonf/ (u) 9;1-29 (bk&m;ocifrSm tcsKyftcsmNzpfaMumif;)

(c)9;30-10;21(vlom;\ wm0ef0wÅ&m;&SdykH)

(*)11;1-32 (bk&m;ocif\ tm;vkH;yg0ifaom xm0&a&G;EIwfNcif;tMuHawmf)

3/t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; jzifh avhvmjcif;/ / a&mrMo0g'pm\ þtydkif;twGuf aumif;rGefaom tusOf;csKyf Thomas Nelson ykHESdyfwufrS xkwfaponf NKJV \ pmydk'fcJGrsm;ü awGU&onf/

(u) c&pfawmfudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;1-5

(c) bk&m;ocif &nf&G,fcsufudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;6-13

(*) bk&m;ocif\ w&m;rQwrIudk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 9;14-29

(C) tpöa&;\ vuf&Sd tajctae/ 9;30-33

(i) tpöa&;ESifh {0Ha*vdw&m;/ 10;1-13

(p) {0Ha*vdw&m;udk tpöa&;jiif;y,fjcif;/ 10;14-21

(q) tpöa&;\ jiif;y,frIonf t<uif;rJhr[kwf/ 11;1-10

(Z) tpöa&;\ jiif;y,frIonf aemufqkH;r[kwfao;/ 11;11-36

þtydkifonf ESvkH;om;xJrS idka<u;oHjzpfonfrQtrQ pdwfxJrS wifjyjcif;vnf; jzpfonf (t"dutcsufrsm;udk wuúaA'enf;us azmfjyjcif;) ¤if;onf a[ma&Stem*wÅdusrf; 11;1-4/ 8-9enf;wl ykefuefaom tpöa&; tay: bk&m;ocif\ pdwfESvkH;aMuuJGykHtm; owd&aponf/ tcef;BuD; 7 ü azmfjyonfh ynwfw&m;awmf\ a0'emESi aumif;jrwfrIrsm;onf tcef;BuD; 9-10ESifh wlnDrIrsm;pGm &Sdonf/ ESpfae&mpvkH;ü bk&m;ocifay;onfh ynwfawmfonf toufay;&rnfhtpm; aojcif;w&m; ,laqmifvmrItay: aygvkESvkH;aMuuJGcJh&\/

C/ aygvkonf tcef;BuD; 9;11twGif; "r®a[mif;usrf;rS 25Budrf udk;um;azmfjyykHudk axmuf½Iygu tod&cufaom (paradox) tpöa&;taMumif;tm; vwfwavm tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifhomr[kwfbJ? tcef;BHuD; 4rSm enf;wl "r®a[mif;usrf;jzifh taxmuftxm;jyum? &Sif;vif;vdkaom aygvk\ qE´udk jyoonf/ tmjA[H\ aoG;om;tquftEG,ftrsm;pkwdkYonf twdwfumvüyifvQif bk&m;ocifudk jiif;qefcJhMuonf/ (wrefawmf&/ ae[rd 9)/

i/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;onf {zuf 1;3-14 enf;wl vlom;tm;vkH; a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\ xm0& tMuHawmfudk azmfjyonf/ ½kwfw&ufzwfvdkufonfhtcg bk&m;ocifonf vlyk*¾dKvftcsKdUa&G;cs,fum? tjcm;olrsm;udkrl jiif;y,faMumif;a&;om;azmfjyonfpkESifh wlaomfvnf; (Supralapsarian Calvinism tpGef;a&mufuJvfAift,l0g') uREkfyf\ tvdkt& ¤if;rSm vlwpfOD;csif;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ a&G;EIwfjcif;ESifh qdkifí bk&m;ocif\ xm0&tMuHtpnfawmfudk pl;pkdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ wref 2;23/ 3;18/ 4;28 ESifh 13;29/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 8;28 ü Munhfyg/)

Joseph A. Fitzmyer ESifh Raymond E. Brown wdkYwnf;jzwfonfh The Jerome Biblical Commentary, twJG 2ü ajymonfrSm

]]aygvk\ tjrifrSm tpueOD;u pí wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaMumif; oabmayguf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ olonf vlwpfOD;csif;\ wm0ef&Sd ykHudk aqG;aEG;aejcif;r[kwfacs/ aygvkonf bk&m;ocif\ BudKwif cefYxm;jcif;taMumif; azmfjyaeonfqdkygu ¤if;onf vlwpfOD;csif;tm; bkef;wefcdk;cHpm;ap&ef BudKwifcefY xm;onf[k qdkjcif;ESifh rnfodkYrQroufqdkifacs/ (pm? 318) tcef;BuD; 9 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;/ u/ tcef;BuD; 8 ESifh tcef;BuD; 9 tMum; pdwfaeoabmxm; tBuD;tus,fajymif;vJoGm;ykH

c/ tcef;BuD; (9-11) pmpkü yg0ifaom "r®oabmw&m;rSm

(1) u,fwifjcif;taMumif;tajccH

(2) a&G;aumufjcif;ü bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsuf

(3) r,kHMunfaom tpöa&;\ opömrJhjcif; tjydKif- YHWH \ opöm&Sdjcif; (4) a,½I\ a&G;EIwfjcif;ü vlom;tm;vkH; yg0ifykH

*/ tcef;BuD; 9 rSm bk&m;ocifonf tcsKyftcsmjzpfaMumif; "röopfusrf;ü tcdkifrmqkH; azmfjyaom usrf;ydk'fwpfckjzpfonf/ (tjcm;usrf;ydk'fwpfckrSm {zuf 1;3-14)/ wpfzufürl tcef;BuD; 10 onf vlom;\ vGwfvyfaom pdwfqE´taMumif; &Sif;vif;pGmESifh xyfcgwvJvJ azmfjyonf/ (]]vlwdkif;}} i,f 4/ ]]rnfolrqdk}} i,f 11? 13/ ]]tm;vkH;}} i,f 12 (ESpfcg)/ aygvkonf þ"r®oabmw&m;wif;rmrIudk

o[mZmwjzpfap&ef

tm;xkwfjcif; rjyKcJhbl;acs/ ESpfrsKd;pvkH; ¤if;twdkif;? rSefuefonf

or®musrf;pmawmfvm Mo0g'trsm;pkwkdYudk qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mif (0g) jiif;qefol&Sdaeoa,mif twJGrsm;jzifh wifqufonf/ "r®oabmw&m;enf; pepftrsm;pkwdkYrSm wuúaA'enf;us (Logical) aomfvnf; usrf;ydk'f wpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKcsuf,lrI (proof-text) uomvQifor®musrf;enf;us or®mw&m;\ tjcm;wzufaom rsufESmpmudk omvQif ,lonf/ Mo*pfwif0g'ESifh uJvfAif0g' tjydKif- yJvm*if0g'Dwpfydkif;ESifh tbmrDeD0g' (Augustinianism ESifh Calvinism versus Semi-Pelagianism–and Arminianism) ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ü or®mw&m;ESifh rSm;,Gif;aomw&m; a&maESmyg0ifonf/ tuGufcsxm;aom teufjyefrIqdkif&m BudKwift,ltqwpfckxJo or®musrf;pmtm; twif;wGef;ydkYaom? usrf;ydk'fwpfckwnf;jzifh twnfjyKrI? w,loef0g'? usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrIESifh "r®oabmw&m;enf; pepfwdkYxuf Mo0g'qdkif&m wif;rmrIonf ydkí ESpfoufp&maumif;ygonfμ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ta&SUwdkif;pmay 3;27ü Munfhyg/

C/ 9;30-33onf tcef;BuD; 9tm; tusOf;csKHUjcif;ESifh tcef;BuD; 10\ OD;wnfcsuf jzpfonf/

i/ aygvkonf (rdrd\ usKd;aMumif;jy aqG;aEG;rItwGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; rnfodkY okH;aMumif; rSwfom;yg/ ¤if;rSm a&mrjrdKU&Sd *sL;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wiful;rSef;qjcif;jzpfonf/

(1) i,f 7 urÇm 21;12

(2) i,f 9 urÇm 18;10? 14 (3) i,f 12 urÇm 25;31 (4) i,f 13 rmv 1;2-3 (5) i,f 15 xGuf 33;19 (6) i,f 17 xGuf 9;16 (7) i,f 25 a[ma&S 2;23 (8) i,f 26 a[ma&S 1;10 (9) i,f 27 a[&Sm 10;22 (10) i,f 28 a[&Sm 10;23 (11) i,f 29 a[&Sm 1;9 (12) i,f 33 a[&Sm 28;16 ESifh 8;14

tcef;BuD; 19 ESifh 11wdkYü tjcm;"r®a[mif;usrf; udk;um;rItrsm;tjym;&Sdaeygao;onfμ

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmrI

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 9;1-5 1igonfrSom pum;rajymbJ? c&pfawmfü or®mw&m;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ ig\ rdrdudk,f rdrdodaom pdwfonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifhtwl oufaocHonfrSm 2igonf tvGef0rf;enf;um? rdrdpdwfESvkH;xJü rjywfrvyfemusnf;vsuf&Sd\/ 3taMumif;rSm ig\nDtpfudkrsm; aoG;om;Zmwdü ig\ trsKd;om;csif;rsm; tusKd;twGuf igudk,fwdkif c&pfawmfESifh uGmum? usdefqJjcif;cHí &cJhrnfqdkvQif cHvkdygonf/ 4olwdkYrSm om;rsm;t&mü csD;ajr§mufcHolrsm; bkef;wefcdk;awmf? y#dnOfw&m;rsm;ESifh aomfvnf;aumif;? ynwfw&m;awmf? Adrmefawmfü trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;ESifh uwdawmfrsm; tyfay;jcif;wdkYESifhvnf;aumif; oufqdkifaom tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfMu\/ 5olwdkYonf bdk;ab;rsm; jzpfMuum? aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf olwdkYrS qif;oufvm\/ xdkt&Sifonf t&mcyfodrf; tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? xm0&aumif;csD;r*Fvm cHpm;&aom bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrl\/ tmrif/

9;1-2 ti,f 1 ESifh 2 onf *&dvdk 0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ rdrdor®mw&m;ajymjcif; jzpfaMumif; olwdkY (a&mrjrdKU toif;awmf) od&SdEdkif&eftaMumif;&if; trsKd;rsKd;jzifh azmfjyonf/

1/ olESifh c&pfawmf\ aygif;pnf;rI? i,f 1

2/ ol\ MowÅyÜpdwfü 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifrI i,f 1

3/ tpöa&;twGuf ol\ euf½dIif;aom cHpm;rI i,f 2

9;1 ]]igonfrSom pum;rajymbJ? c&pfawmfü or®mw&m;udk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrd\ rSefuefrItm; þykHpHjzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (2aum 11;10/ *v 1;20/ 1wd 2;7) odkYr[kwf bk&m;ocifudk rdrd\ oufaotjzpftvm;wl azmfavh&Sdonf/ (a&mr 1;9/ 2aum 1;23/ 11;31/ zd 1;8/ 1ouf 2;5? 10)/ olonf rdrdoGefoifrIESifh a[majymrIrsm; ppfrSefykHudk twnfajym&mü ¤if;rSm olYenf;jzpfonf/ 'roufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay: tawGUtMuHKonf t&mcyfodrf;ajymif;vJoGm;aponf/

 ]]rdrdudk,frdrdodaompdwf}} ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocifay;onfh 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifrItm;jzifh udk,fusifhw&m; odwwfjcif; jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf tcGifhtmPm\ aomhcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudk em;vnf oabmaygufum? uRefawmfwdkY\ pdwfxJü tokH;jyKvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ (1wd 1;5? 19) jyóemay:vmonfrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh r,kHMunfolrsm; ESpfrsKd;pvkH; EIwfuywfawmfESifh 0dnmOfawmfudk jiif;qifonfhtcgü jzpfonf/ xdkodkYjzpfvmonfhtcg rdrdtjypftm; tusKd;oifhtaMumif;oifhí &Sif;vif;csufay;vmMuonf/ (1wd 4;2) rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwf (vdyfjympdwf) onf ,Ofaus;rI"avhxkH;pHESifh tawGUtBuKHwdkYudk vkdufwwfygonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / rdrdudk,frdrdodaompdwf qdk;aumif;cJGjcm;wwfaompdwf MowÅyÜpdwf aygvkonf aum&dEÅK Mo0g'rsm;ü ]]BowÅyÜpdwf}} [laom þa0g[m&rMumcPoHk;ygonf/ (1aum 4;4/ 8;7? 10? 12/ 10;25? 27? 28/ 2aum 1;12/ 4;2/ 5;11)/ ¤if;rSm oifhawmfjcif;&Sdr&Sdtm; twGif;pdwfjzifh odwwfjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (wref 23;1)/ rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwfudk rdrdwdkY twdwfumv touf&SifykHrsm;?

rdrdwdkY\ nHhzsif;aom a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfonf tusKd;oufa&mufEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm tjypftemuif;aom vrf;jyr[kwfaomfvnf;? wpfOD;csif;\ ,kHMunfjcif; e,fedrdwfudk qkH;jzwfay;onf/ xdkYaMumifh rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwf (vdyfjympdwf? twGif;pdwf) rSm rSm;,Gif;onfjzpfap? tm;enf;onfjzpfap ¤if;tm; azgufzsufusL;vGefjcif;onf ,kHMunfjcif;\ t"du usaom jyóemwpf&yfjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfol\ MowÅyÜpdwfrSm bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESifh bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh ydkí ydkí ykHoGif;cH&ef vdktyfonf/ (1wd 3;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf ,kHMunfolwdkYudk olwdkY&&Sdonfh tvif;w&m;ay: (tm;enf;onfjzpfap? tm;aumif;onfjzpfap) pD&ifrnfjzpfaomfvnf;? tvif;w&m; ydkí &&Sd&efESifh t&Sifa,½Ic&pfawmftm; oduRrf;rIü BuD;xGm;ae&ef or®musrf;pmESifh 0dnmOfawmftwGuf uRefawmfwdkY tm;vkH; wHcg;zGifhxm;&ef vdktyfonf/ ydkrdkjynfhpkHaomrSwfcsufudk 2aum 10;25 \ ]]MowÅyÜpdwf}} ü Munfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ]]tm;enf;jcif;}} udk Munfhyg/ 

NASB, NKJV ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf ightwGuf oufaocHonfrSm}}

NASV ]]¤if;udk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftwnfjyKonf}}

TEV ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf tkyfcsKyfonf}}

NJB ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifh aygif;pnf;í igrSefonf[k rSwf,lonf}} rdrdü c&pfawmf\ txl;wvnfac:zdwfrIESifh trdefYawmf&Sdonf[k aygvk,kHMunfonf/ (wref 9;1-22/ *v 1;1)/

Mwd,m VERBAL (PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE, 2;15) rSm sun ygaom aygif;pyfpum;vkH; jzpfonf/ (aygvkokH;aeusjzpfonf)/ olonf rdrd\ topfaom em;vnf;oabmaygufrIrSm atmufygwdkYudk tajccHonf[k od&Sdxm;onf/

1/ c&pfawmf\ zGifhjyrI

(u) 'rmoufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:ü

(c) tma&AsEdkifiHü oGefoifrI (Nabetean) 2/ 0dnmOfawmf\ twGif;oufao

olonf wrefawmf wpfyg;jzpfum bk&m;ay;aom tcGifhtmPmjzifh pum;ajymonf/ (1aum 7;25? 40)/ olonf tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm;\ r,kHMunfrIESifh bk&m;ocif\ pdwfemrIudk rQa0cHpm;onf/ (i,f 2)/ olwdkYonf tcGifhaumif;rsm;pGm &&Sdxm;Mu\/ (i,f 4-5)

NASB, NKJV

NRSV ]]cHí &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}

TEV

NJB

]]olwdkYtusKd;twGuf cHí &cJhrnfqdkvQif

]]ig...qE´&Sdayvdrfhrnf}}

aygvkonf rdrdvlrsKd; tpöa&;twGuf jyif;jypGm cHpm;um? rdrdcJGxkwfcHjcif;tm;jzifh olwdkY yg0ifvm Muí &cJhrnfqdkvQif? cJGxkwfcHvdkonf/ i,f 3/ þ 0gusonf o'´gzJGUpnfykHt& txl;jyKrI jyif;xefykHrSm (IMPERFECT MIDDLE INDICATIVE ESifhtwl autos ESifh ego ESpfckpvkH;tjyif

PRESENT INFINITIVE vnf;yg0ifonf) jyif;xefí pdwfav;vSaom þqkawmif;csufonf xGuf 32;30-35 ü tjypfjynfhaom tpöa&;twGuf arma&S\ Mum;0ifawmif;yefay;aom qkawmif;csufESifh rsm;pGm wlonf/ ¤if;rSm tjzpfrSefr[kwfbJ? pdwfqE´ azmfjyrIwpfcktjzpf taumif;qkH;em;vnf&ygonf/ ¤if;rSm *v 4;20 ü okH;onfh IMPERFECT TENSE tokH;tEIef;ESifh qifwlonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; I. ed'gef;

u/ qkawmif;jcif; ta&;BuD;ykH a,½I\ Oyrmjzifh od&onf/

(1) rdrdtwGuf qkawmif;jcif;? rmuk 1;35/ vkum 3;21/ 6;12/ 9;29/ 22;29-46/

(2) Adrmefawmf&Sifvif;jcif;/ róJ 21;13/ rmuk 11;17/ vkum 19;46/

(3) qkawmif;jcif; erlem/ róJ 6;5-13/ vkum 11;24/

c/ yk*¾dKvfjzpfaom? *½kpdkufí uRefawmfwdkYESifhtwl &Sdaeol? rdrdESifh tjcm;olrsm;bufü aeum? uRefawmfwdkY\ qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh vkyfaqmifvdkí vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;&Sdol bk&m;ociftm;? rdrd,kHMunfjcif;onf qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh xdawGUí &aom vkyfaqmifrIjzpfoGm;aponf/

*/ rdrduav;rsm;\ qkawmif;csufrsm;tm;jzifh vkyfaqmif&ef bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,f rdrduefYowfrI jyK&m u@rsm;pGm &Sdonf/ (,mukyf 4;2)

C/ qkawmif;jcif;\ t"du &nf&G,fcsufrSm okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;ESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh tcsdef,ljcif; jzpfonf/

i/ qkawmif;jcif;\ jrifuGif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;ESi qdkifaom wpkHw&m (0g) wpfpkHwpfa,muf jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf ,kHMunfvsufwpfcg qkawmif;Edkifonf/ odkYr[kwf tawG;ESifh pdk;&drfrI jyefay:vmjcif;ESifh tnD xyfcgwvJvJ qkawmif;Edkifonf/ p/ qkawmif;jcif;ü taMumif;t&m tcsKdUyg0ifEdkifonf/

(1) okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;tm; csD;rGrf;í &dkaoav;jrwfjcif;

(2) bk&m;ociftwl&Sdaejcif;? rdwfo[m, jyKjcif;ESi rpyhHydk;jcif;rsm;twGuf aus;Zl;wifjcif; (3) twdwfESifh vuf&Sd rdrdwdkY tjypfrsm;tm; 0efcH awmif;yefjcif;/

(4) rdrdwdkY\ vdktyfrIrsm;ESifh pdwfqE´rsm;tm; awmif;avQmufjcif;

(5) tjcm;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;tm; crnf;awmf a&SUarSmufü Mum;0ifawmif;avQmufay;jcif;/

q/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;onf vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&m wpfckjzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY qkawmif;ay;aom olrsm;udk bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwdkY cspfonf xufrsm;pGm ydkcspfonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmfwdkY\ qkawmif;rIrsm;onf tajymif;tvJwpf&yf? wkHUjyefrI (0g) vdktyfrIwpfcktm; rdrdwdkYü omru olwdkYüyg jzpfyGg;apavh&Sd\/

II. or®musrf;pmawmfvm qkawmif;rIrsm; u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;

1/ Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif;\ OyrmtcsKdU

(u) aom'kHjrdKUtwGuf tmjA[H\ awmif;avQmufrI? urÇm 118;22

(c) tpöa&;twGufarma&S\qkawmif;rI

(1) xGufajrmuf&m 5;22-23

(2) xGufajrmuf&m 32;31 (3) w&m;a[m&m 5;5

(4) w&m;a[m&m 9;18? 25

(*) tpöa&;twGuf&SmarGv\qkawmif;csuf

(1) 1"r®&mZ0if 7;5-6? 8-9 (2) 1"r®&mZ0if 12;16-23 (3) 1"r®&mZ0if 15;11

(C) olYuav;twGuf'g0dwf\qkawmif;csuf? 2"r®&mZ0if 12;16-18

2/ bk&m;ocifonfMum;0ifqkawmif;rnfholrsm;udk&SSmazGaeonf/ a[&S, 59;16

3/ od&Sdxm;NyD;? 0efcHawmif;yefjcif;rjyKaomtjypfrsm; (0g) aemifwr&aom pdwfaeoabmxm;onf uRefawmfwdkY\qkawmif;csufrsm;udk xdckdufonf/ (u) qmvH 66;18 (c) okwÅH 28;9

(*) a[&Sm, 59;1-2? 64;7 c/ "r®opfusrf;

1/ om;awmfESifh0dnmOfawmf\Mum;0ifqkawmif;jcif;trIawmf (u) a,½I (1) a&mr 8;34

280

(2) a[NAJ 7;25

(3) 1 a,m 2;1

(c) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf? a&mr 8;26-27

2/ aygvk\Mum;0ifqkawmif;jcif;trIawmf

(u) *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf qkawmif;onf (1) a&mr 9;1 (2) a&mr 10;1

(c) toif;awmfrsm;twGufqkawmif;onf (1) a&mr 1;9 (2) {zuf 1;16 (3) zdvdyÜd 1;3-4? 9 (4) aum 1;3? 9 (5) 1 ouf 1;2-3 (6) 2 ouf 1;11 (7) 2 wdarmao 1;3 (8) zdavrkef i,f4

(*) olYtwGufqkawmif;ay;&ef toif;awmfrsm;udk aygvkarwÅm&yfcHonf/ (1) a&mr 15;30 (2) 2aum&dEÅK1;11 (3) {zuf 6;19 (4) aumavmoJ 4;3 (5) 1oufomavmed 5;25 (6) 2oufomavmed 3;1

3/ toif;awmf\Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; trIawmf

(u) tcsif;csif;twGufqkawmif;ay;Muavmh (1) {zuf 6;18 (2) 1wdarmao 2;1 (3) ,mukyf 5;16

(c) txl;tkyfpkrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&ef arwÅm&yfcHjcif; (1) igwdkY\&efolrsm;twGuf? róJ 5;44

(2) c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;twGuf? a[NAJ 13;18

(3) tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf? 1wdarmao 2;2

(4) zsm;emolrsm;twGuf? ,mukyf 5;13-16

(5) jyefíaemufqkwfoGm;olrsm;twGuf? 1a,m 5;16

III. qkawmif;csuftajz&&efvdktyfcsufrsm;

u/ c&pfawmfESifh0dnmOfawmfwdkYESifh rdrd\ qufqHa&;

(1) udk,fawmftxJwnfvsufaeyg/ a,m[ef 15;7

(2) emrawmfxJ wnfaeyg/ a,m 14;13? 14/ 15;16/ 16;23-24/

(3) 0dnmOfawmftxJwnfaeyg/ {zuf 6;18? ,k' 20

(4) bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfESifhtnD qkawmif;yg/ roJ 6;10/ 1a,m 3;22/ 5;14-15/ c/ pdwfaepdwfxm;rsm;

(1) pdwfysHUvTifhjcif;r&SdbJ? róJ 21;22/ ,mukyf 1;6-7

(2) ESdrfhcsjcif;ESifhaemifwjzifh? vkum 18;9-14

(3) vTJrSm;aomawmif;avQmufjcif;? ,mukyf 4;3

(4) wudk,faumif;qefjcif;? ,mukyf 4;2-3

*/ tjcm;rsufESmpmrsm;

(1) pGJjrJpGm^ZGJ&SdpGm

(u) vkum 18;1-8

(c) aumavmoJ 4;2

(2) qufvufqkawmif;jcif;

(u) róJ 7;7-8

(c) vkum 11;5-13

(*) ,mukyf 1;5

(3) tdrfawmifa&;ü rnDrnGwfrI? 1ayw½k 3;7

(4) odorQtjypfESifhuif;&Sif;&ef

(u) qmvH 66;18

(c) okwÅH 28;9

(*) a[&Sm, 59;1-2

(C) a[&Sm, 64;7

"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&med*Hk;csKyf

u/ tcGifhxl;jzpfonf/ tcGifhaumif;jzpfonf/ wm0efESifh 0wÅ&m;jzpfonf/

c/ a,½IonfigwdkY\ yHkoufaojzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmfrSm igwdkY\vrf;jyjzpfonf/ crnf;awmfonf pdwfapmpGm apmifharQmfaeonf/

*/ 4if;onf oifhtm;? oifhrdom;pktm;? oifhrdwfaqGrsm;ESifh oif\urÇmBuD;tm; ajymif;vJoGm;apEdkifonf/ 

NASB c&pfawmfESifhuGmum? usdefqJjcif;cHí &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}

NKJV ]]c&pfawmf\usdefqJjcif;cHí&cJhrnfqdkvQif}}

NRSV ]]c&pfawmfESifhtqufjywfcHí? usdefqJcHí&cJhrnfqdkvQif}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocif\ usdefqJrIatmufü&Sdum? c&pfawmfESifhuGmí &cJhrnfqdkvQif}}

NJB ]]jypf'PfpD&ifcHum? c&pfawmfESifhtqufjzwfjcif;cHvdkonf}} ]]oefY&Sif;}} [laom pum;vHk;\ rlvZpfjrpfrSm bk&m;ociftoHk;jyK&efoD;oefYcGJxm;onf[líjzpf\/ þt,ltqonf ]]usdefqJ}} (1aum 12;3/ 16;22/ *v 1;8-9) a0g[m&ESifhqufpyfonf/ wpfpHkwpf&m (0g) wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ociftwGufoD;oefYcGJjcif;cH&onf/ 4if;onf usrf;pum;tquftpyfay: rlwnfum tjyKoabm jzpfEdkifonfenf;wl (0wf 27;28/ vkum 21;5) tzsufoabmvnf; aqmifEdkifonf/ (a,m½I 6-7/ a&mr 9;3)

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / usdefqJjcif; (ANATHEMA)

]]usdefqJjcif;}} pum;vkH;twGuf a[jAJpum;vkH;tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ Herem (BDB 356) udk bk&m;ociftwGuf ay;aom wpfpkHwpf&mtwGuf okH;um (LXX \0wf? 27;28 onf anathema uJhodkY jzpfonf/ (BA 6D 54) zsufpD;&ef jzpfavh&Sdonf/ (w&m; 7;26/ a,m½I 6;17-18/ 17;12) ¤if;udk ]]oefY&Sif; jrifhjrwfaom ppfyJG}} holy war oabmtjzpf okH;onf/ cgeefvlrsKdd;rsm;ESifh a,a&acgjrdKUudk zsufpD;&ef bk&m;ocif ajymonfrSm yxrqkH;aom tcGifhaumif;jzpfonfh ]]tOD;oD;rsm;}} jzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü anathema jzpfjyD; ¤if;a0g[m&ESifh qufpyfaom ykHpHrsm;udk t"dyÜg,f trsKd;rsKd;jzifh okH;onf/

1/ vufaqmifwpfck (0g) bk&m;ociftwGuf ylaZmfuúm (vkum 21;5)

2/ ao&efusdefqdkjcif; (wref 23;14)

3/ tusdefwdkufí usdefqdkjcif; (rmuk 14;71)

4/ a,½IESifh qufpyfaom usdefjcif;ykHpHwpfck (1aum 12;3)

5/ bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; (0g) zsufpD;jcif;cH&ef wpfpkHwpfa,muf (0g) wpfpkHwpf&mtm; tyfESHjcif; (a&mr 9;3/ 1aum 16;22/ *v 1;8-9)/

]]aoG;om;Zmwdü ig\ trsKd;om;csif;rsm;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 1;3ü Munfhyg/

9;4-5 þemrfpum;pkrsm;onf tpöa&;&&Sdxm;aom tcGifhxl;rsm;udk odomay:vGifpGm &Sif;vif;oGm;aponf/ þwyef;omrIrsm;onf olwdkY\ r,kHMunfrIudk ydkí tjypfqdkp&mjzpfoGm;aponf/ rsm;rsm;ay;jcif; cH&olxHrS rsm;rsm;jyef awmif;vdrfhrnf/ (vkum 12;48)μ

9;4 ]]tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm;}} ¤if;rSm tmjA[mH\ tquftEG,ftwGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ y#dnOfcHemrnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh t"duusaom rsufESmcsif;qdkifawGUqkHrIwpf&yftjyD;ü ,mukyf\ emrnfrSm tpöa&;tjzpf ajymif;vJapjcif;cH&onf/ (urÇm 32;28)/ ¤if;rSm *sL;trsKd;om; tm;vkH;jcHKaom bJGUemrwpfckjzpfvmonf/ ¤if;a0g[m&\ yif&if;rSm ]] El (bk&m;ocif) onf ZJGvkHUv&dSygap}} [lí jzpfEdkifjyD; ,mukyf\ aumufuspfrItm; qdkvdkjcif;r[kwf&yg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tpöa&;

I. xdkemrnf\ t"dyÜg,frSm raocsmacs/ (BDB 975)

u/ El onfZJGvkHUv&Sd\

c/ El onf ZJGvkHUv&Sdygap (JUSSIVE)

*/ El onf vkHjcHKpGm odrf;qnf;\

C/ El onf tcdkiftrm jydKifqdkifygap

i/ El onf BudK;ukwftm;xkwfonf p/ bk&m;ocifESifh NydKifqdkifol (urÇm 32; 28)

II. "r®a[mif;xJu tokH;tEIef;rsm; u/ ,mukyf\ emrnf (vk,lol? zaESmifhqkyfudkifol? BDB, urÇm 25;26) onf ,Akwfacsmif;ü eH0dnmOfwpfyg;ESifh eyrf;vkH;NyD;aemuf ajymif;vJoGm;onf/ (urÇm 32;22-32/ xGuf 32;13)/ rMumcPqdkovdkyif a[NAJemrnf t"dyÜg,frsm;rSm ZpfjrpfoabmrqefbJ jyZmwfqefqef jzpfonf/ (32;28)/ odkYjzifh olYemrnfrSm tpöa&;jzpfí vmcJhawmhonf/ (urÇm 35;10)

c/ ¤if;udk olYom; wq,fhESpfa,mufwdkYtwGuf wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; emrnftjzpf tokH;jyKvmonf/ (urÇm 32;32/ 49;16/ xGuf 1;7/ 4;22/ 28;11/ w&m; 3;18/ 10;6)

*/ ¤if;onf xGufajrmuf&musrf;rwdkifrD aemufydkif;wGif (w&m; 1;1/ 18;6/ 33;10) trsKd; wpfq,fhESpfEG,fwdkY yg0ifaom vlrsKd;tm; &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfvmonf/ (urÇm 47;27/ xGuf 4;22/ 5;2)

C/ a&Smvk? 'g0d'fESifh a&Smvrkefbk&ifwdkY\ wpkwpnf;wnf; tkyfpdk;rI aemufydkif;wGif a&maAmifvufxufü trsKd;tEG,frsm; uJGxGufoGm;cJhMuonf/ (3 "r® 12)

1/ woD;wjcm;jzpfrIonf w&m;0if ruJGxGufrDuyif tpjyKcJhjyD jzpfonf/ (2 "r® 3;10/ 5;5/ 20;1/ 24/ 3 "r® 1;35/ 4;20)

2/ t½I&dvlrsKd;rsm; vufatmufodkY &Srm&drusrDtxd ajrmufydkif;rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (4 "r® 17)/

i/ ae&m tenf;i,fü ,k'udk okH;onf/ (a[&Sm 1;1/ rdu©m 1;15-16)

p/ tm½l&dESifh AmAkvkef uRef;cHjcif; umvaemufydkif;ü ,mukyf\ tquftEG,ftm;vkH;wpfpk wpfaygif;wnf;\ emrnfjyefjzpfvmonf/ (a[&Sm 17;7? 9/ a,& 2;4/ 50;17? 19)/ q/ omrefvlxktm; ,ZJyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh uJGjym;jcm;em;apaom emrnftjzpf okH;onf/ (1 &m 9;2/ {Z& 10;25/ ae[rd 11;3)



]]om;rsm;t&mü csD;ajr§mufcHolrsm;}} "r®a[mif;usrf;ü trsm;jyudef; ]]om;rsm;}} [lonf aumif;uifwrefrsm;udk &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ (a,mb 1;6/ 2;1/ 38;7/ 'H 3;25/ qmvH 29;1/ 89;6-7) odkYaomf tenf;jyudef; ]]om;}} url

1/ tpöa&;vlrsKd; bk&ifudk nTef;onf (2"r® 7;14)

2/ vlrsKd;awmfudk nTef;onf (xGuf 4;22?23/ w&m; 14;1/ a[ma&S 11;1)

3/ ar&Sd,t&Sif (qmvH 2;7)

4/ vlom;rsm;udkvnf; nTef;Edkifonf/ (w&m; 32;5/ qmvH 73;15/ a,Z 2;1/ a[ma&S 1;10/ urÇm 6;2 rSm roJuJGacs/ tjcm;wpfckck jzpfEdkifonf/) "r®opfusrf;ürl ]]om;}} [laom tqdkyg a0g[m&onf bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pk0if wpfa,mufa,mufudk &nfnTef;onf/ u,fwifjcif;twGuf aygvkokH;onfh t"du wifpm;csufrSm ]]om;t&mü csD;jr§ifhjcif; (arG;pm;jcif;) jzpfNyD; (a&mr 8;15? 23/ *v 4;5/ {zuf 1;5) ayw½kESifh a,m[efwdkYurl topfarG;zGm;jcif; 'kwd,arG;jcif; pum;vkH;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyMuonf/ xdkESpfrskd;pvkH;rSm vlodrsm;aom wifpm;jcif; pum;vkH;rsm; jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm *sL;rsm;\ wifpm;jcif; ykHpHr[kwfbJ? a&mrykHpHjzpfonf/ a&mr Oya'ü arG;pm;jcif;rSm tvGefaps;BuD;um? umvMum&SnfpGm qufvufaqmif&Guf&aom w&m;Oya'qdkif&m vkyfxkH;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ wpfcg arG;pm;jcif;cH &olyk*¾dKvfonf vlopftjzpf rSwf,ljcif; cHum? w&m;Oya't& pGefYvTwfjcif;rjyK&acs/ odkYr[kwf arG;pm;ol zcifonfyif owfypfjcif;rjyK&acs/

]]bkef;wefcdk;awmf}} a[NAJpum;vkH;\ yif&if;rSm ]]av;vHonf}} [lí jzpfNyD;? wefbkd;BuD;t&mtm; wifpm;jcif; jzpfonf/ þae&mürl þpum;vkH; &nfnTef;onfrSm

1/ odemawmifay:ürdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrl olbk&m;ocif (xGuf 19;18-19)

2/ oJuEÅm&twGif; tpöa&;vlrsKd;rsm; vSnfhvnfoGm;vmcJhMupOf OD;aqmifaom bkef;awmf wdrfwdkifjzpfonfh Shekinah (xGuf 40;34-38)? rdrdudk,f rdrdtpöa&;tm; twktEIdif;uif;pGm zGifhjyawmfrlol YHWH \ &Sdaejcif;udk ol\ bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifh jyqdkonf (3 "r® 8;10-11/ a,Z 1;28)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 3;23 ü Munfhyg/



]]y#dnOfw&m;rsm;}} *&da&S;a[mif; vufa&;usrf;rsm; jzpfonfh P46, B, F ESifh G wdkYü tenf;jyudef;jzifh ]]y#dnmOfw&m;}} [kyg&Sdonf/ odkYaomf trsm;jyudef;onf MSS Aleph, C, ESifh tcsKdUaom a&S;a[mif; vufwif Vulgate ESifh Coptic bmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü &Sdonf/ UBS4 onftrsm;jyudef;udk "B" (aocsmoavmuf) tqifh owfrSwfonf/ odkYaomf "r®a[mif;usrf;ü trsm;jyudef;jzifh rokH;cJhbl;acs/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü y#dnOfw&m;rsm; twdtus&Sd&m tm'H? aem{? tmjA[H? arma&S ESifh 'g0d'f wdkYESifh bk&m;ocifjyKaom y#dnOfw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/

ynwfw&m;awmf ay;tyfjcif;udkrl aygvkonf aemufrSom azmfjyykHudk axmufvQif tmjA[HESifh jyKaom y#dnOfw&m;udk &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkonf ¤if;udk tajccH tkwfjrpftjzpf ½Ijrifum (4;1-25/ *v 3;16-17) tBudrfaygif;tawmf rsm;rsm;azmfjyNyD; (urÇm 12? 15?17) tBudrfwdkif;wGif bkd;ab;rsm;teuf wpfOD;pDudk cJGí azmfjyonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / y#dnOfw&m; "r®a[mif; a0g[m& berith (BDB 136) rS qif;oufaom y#dnOfw&m; pum;vkH;rSm t"dyÜg,f owfrSwf&ef rvG,fulacs/ ¤if;ESifh wJGbufBud,m a[NAJpum;vkH; r&Sdacs/ þpum;vkH;\ Zpfjrpfudk t"dyÜg,f &Sif;vif;&eftm;xkwfrI tm;vkH; &Sif;vif;jcif;r&Sdonf csnf;jzpf\/ rnfodkY jzpfapwpfckaocsmonfrSm xdkpum;vkH; rnfodkY tvkyfvkyfaMumif; qkH;jzwfEdkifa&;twGuf xdkpum;vkH;okH;EIef;ykHudk avhvm&e jzpfonf[k ynm&Sifrsm; em;vnfxm;Muonf/ y#dnOfw&m;rSm ppfrSefNyD;? wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzefqif;onfh vlom;tm; qufqHykHenf;vrf;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmawmfvmzGifhjyawmfrIjcif;udk em;vnfoabmayguf&efrSm y#dnOfw&m;? oabmwlpmcsKyf (0g) oabmwlnDrI pum;vkH;wdkY\ oabmw&m;rSm ta&;BuD;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyfrIwdkYtMum; wif;rmrIu y#dnOf oabmw&m;ü &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/ tcsKdUy#dnOfrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif\ oabmESi vkyfaqmifrI oufoufay: tajcjyKonf/

1/ zefqif;jcif; (urÇmOD; 1;2)

2/ tmjA[Htm; ac:zdwfjcif; (urÇmOD; 12)

3/ tmjA[HESifh y#dnOf jyKjcif; (urÇmOD; 15)

4/ aem{tm;vkHNcHKpGm xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh uwdawmf (urÇmOD; 6;-9) rnfodkYjzpfap y#dnOfjyKjcif;\ oabmobm0rSm wkHUjyefrI vdktyfonfomjzpf\/

1/ tm'Honf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk emcHum? {'ifO,smOf tv,f&Sdopfyifudk rpm;&ef jzpfonf/

2/ tmjA[Honf ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh rdrd\ rdom;pkudk pGefYcGgum? bk&m;ocifudk vkdufvsuf? ol\ tem*wf tquftEG,frsm; taMumif;ü ,kHMunfrI&Sd&ef vdktyfonf

3/ aem{onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh BuD;rm;aom avSBuD;wpfpD;tm; a&ESifh a0;&mt&yfü wnfaqmufum? wd&pämefrsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef jzpfonf

4/ arma&Sonf tpöa&;vlrsKd;udk tD*spfEdkifiHrS odemawmifodkY ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh ac:xkwfum? uwdawmfrsm;ESifh usdefqJjcif;rsm; ygaom bmoma&;ESifh vlrIa&;b0twGuf wdusaom vrf;nTef;rIrsm; vu©&&Sdonf/ (w&m;a[m 27-28) bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm; qufqHa&; yg0ifon tvm;wlwif;rsmrIrsKd; ]]y#dnOfw&m;topf}} ü azmfjyyg&Sdonf/ a,Zausv 18udk a,Z 36;27-37 (YHWH \vkyfaqmifrI) ESifh EIdif;,SOfavhvmygu þwif;rmrIudk &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/ þy#dnOfw&m;onf bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ay: tajcjyKaejcif;avm (0g) vlom;tm; wkHUjyefrIjyK&ef trdefYawmf csrSwfjcif;avm¿ ¤if;rSm y#dnOfw&m;ta[mif;ESifh topfü tvGefta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mjzpfonf/ ESpfckpvkH;\ yef;wdkifrsm;rSm twlwlyifjzpfNyD; (1) YHWH onf urÇmOD; 3 u ½ªH;qkH;cJh&aom rdwfo[m,udk jyefvnf&&Sd&efESifh (2) bk&m;ocif\ oabmudk xif[yfaprnfh ajzmifhrwfaom vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; xlaxmif&ef jzpfonf/

286

a,Z 31;31-34 &Sd topfaom y#dnOfw&m;onf vufoifhcHrI&&Sd&ef enf;vrf;tjzpf vlom;\ aqmif&GufrItm; z,f&Sm;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh tqdkyg wif;rmrIudk ajz&Sif;vdkufonf/ bk&m;ocif\ ynwfawmfrSm vl\ jyifyw&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'tpm; vl\txJrS qE´awmifhwrI wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf/ yef;wkdifjzpfonfh bk&m;w&m;&dkaoav;pm;aom? ajzmifhrwfaom vlrsKd;[lonf ,ciftwdkif;yif jzpfaomfvnf;? enf;pepfajymif;vJoGm;onf/ usqif;aom vlom;onf bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm; xif[yfapoljzpf vm&ef oifhavsmfvkHavmufrIr&SdaMumif; olYudk,fol twnfjyKcJhayNyD/ bk&m;ocif\ y#dnOfw&m;ü jyóem&Sdí r[kwfbJ? vlom;\ tjypfjynfhrIESifhtm;enf;rIrSm jyóemjzpfonf/ (a&mr 7/ *v wd 3)/ "r®a[mif;\ cRif;csufrJhESifh cRif;csufyg y#dnOfw&m;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrIonf "r®opfusrf;ü qufvuf&Sdaeonf/ u,fwifjcif;onf a,½Ic&pfawmfNyD;pD;cJhNyD;aom tvkyfü vkH;0tcrJhjzpfaomvnf;? aemifwESifh ,kHMunfjcif; (tpjyKjcif;ESifh qufuyfoGm;jcif; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;) awmif;qdkonf/ ¤if;rSm w&m;Oya't& trdefYausnmrIESifh c&pfawmfESifh wlnD&ef ac:zdwfrI ESpfrsKd;pvkH;jzpfonf/ vufoifhcHaMumif; tjzpfrSeftm; azmfjyrIESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,f&ef apcdkif;rIjzpfonfμ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm olwdkY\ vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh u,fwifjcif;&&Sdonfr[kwfaomfvnf; emcH&ef u,fwifcH&jcif;jzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;8-10)/ bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaom touf&Sifjcif;onf u,fwifjcif;\ taxmuftxm;jzpfNyD;? u,fwifjcif;&&ef enf;vrf;r[kwfacs/ rnfodkYjzpfap xm0& toufü jrifEkdifaom Muiftifvu©Pmrsm;&Sdonfμ þwif;rmrIudk a[NAJMo0g'pmü &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/



]]ynwfw&m;awmfESifh Adrmefawmfü trIaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; tyfay;jcif;}} ¤if;\ &nfnTef;csufrSm

1/ odemawmifay:wGif arma&Su ynwfw&m;awmf vu©&&Sdjcif; (xGuf 19-10)

2/ oJuEÅm&xJ vSnfhvnfoGm;vmpOf umv&Sd wJawmf (xGuf 25-40 ESifh 0wfjyK&musrf;) wdkYjzpfonf/



]]uwdawmfrsm;}} bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ tem*wfpDrHcsufrsm; zGifhjycJhNyDjzpfonf/ (1;2/ wref 13;32/ wdwk 1;2/ a[NAJ 1;1)/ y#dnOfw&m;rsm;udk apmapmuyif azmfjycJhNyD; jzpfojzifh ]]uwdawmfrsm;}} [k qdk&mü ar&Sd,udk &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEkdifonf/ 9i,f 5/ Oyrm urÇm 3;15/ 49;10/ w&m; 1;8;15? 18-19/ 2"r® 7/ qmvH 16;10/ 118;22/ a[&Sm, 7;14/ 9;6/ 11;1-5/ 'H 7;13? 27/ rdu©m5;2-5/ Zm 2;6-13/ 6;12-13/ 9;9/ 11;12)/

þuwdawmfrsm;rSm (y#dnOfw&m;rsm;) cRif;csufrJhjzpfonfenf;wl? cRif;csufygvnf; jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vkyfaqmifrItydkif;ESifh qdkifí cRif;csufrJhjzpfonf rSefaomfvnf; (urÇm 15;12-21) vlom;\ ,kHMunfrIESihf emcHrItydkif;vnf; vkdtyfonf jzpfí cRif;csufESifhvnf; jzpfaeao;onf/ (urÇm 15;6 ESifh a&mr 4)/ c&pfawmf r<uvmrDumvü tpöa&;uom bk&m;ocif\ rdrdudk,frdrdzGihfjyawmfrljcif; &&SdcJhonf/ (a,mbESifh a,oa&m wdkYuJhodkYaom cRif;csufrsm;&Sdygonf)

9;5 ]]bdk;ab;rsm;}} ¤if;onf tmjA[H? u£ZufESifh ,mukyf? urÇmOD; 12-50 twGif;&Sd trsKd;\ ueOD; zcifrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (a&mr 11;28/ w&m 7;8/ 10;15)/

]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmfonfvnf; olwdkYrS qif;oufvmonf}}

¤if;onfar&Sd,t&Sif\ cE¨mudk,f rsKd;&dk;udk ajymonf/ (1;3/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ar&Sd,t&Sif 1;4 ü Munfhyg)/ olonf bdodufcH&ol? bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;ESifh pDrHcsufrsm;udk (10;6) NyD;pD;aprnfh bk&m;ocif txl;a&G;cs,faom tapcH jzpfonf/

]]c&pfawmf}} [laom a0g[m&rSm a[NAJ bmompum; ]]bdodufcH,l&&Sdol}} Anoited One tm; *&dvdk bmomjyefjcif; jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü oefY&Sif;aom qDjzifh avmif;um (cefYxm;aom) acgif;aqmif okH;rsKd;&dSonf/

1/ tpöa&;&Sifbk&if

2/ tpöa&;\ ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;

3/ tpöa&;\ ya&mzufrsm;

xdkodkY jyKjcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ trIawmftwGu olwdkYudk a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh wefqmyvmwyfqif (t&nftcsif;ay;jcif;) ay;jcif;\ trSwftom;jzpfonf/ a,½Ionf bdodufcHaom þ½kH;awmfokH;yg;pvkH;NyD; jynfhpkHoGm;apcJh\ (a[NAJ 1;2-3)/ olonf vljzpfvm (vl0ifpm;ol) bk&m;jzpfaomaMumifh? olonf bk&m;ociftm; tjynfht0zGifhjcif; jzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 7;14/ 9;6/ rdu©m 5;2-5/ aum 1;13-20)/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} ü Munfhyg/ 

NASB ]]aoG;om;Zmwdtm;jzifh c&pfawmf? t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? aumif;csD;r*Fvm xm0&cHpm;&aom bk&m;ocif}}

NKJV ]]c&pfawmf <uvmonf t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? xm0&umvywfvkH; aumif;csD;r*FvmcHpm;&ol? bk&m;ocif}}

NRSV ]]ar&Sd,t&Sif<uvmonf/ t&mcyfodrf; tkyfpdk;awmfrlol? aumif;csD;r*Fvm xm0&cHpm;&aom bk&m;ocif}}

TEV ]]c&pfawmfonf vlom;wpfa,muftaejzifh olwdkY\ trsKd;jzpfawmfrl\/ t&mcyfodrf; tkyfpdk;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifonf? tNrJxm0&csD;rGrf;jcif;cH&ygapaom}}

NJB ]]aumif;csD;r*Fvmxm0& cHpm;&ol bk&m;ocif? t&mcyfodrf;xuf BuD;jrwfawmfrlol c&pfawmf<uvm}} o'´genf;t& ¤if;onf crnf;awmfudk csD;rGrf;aom bkefawmfbJGUjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; (TEV onf *sL;tpOftvmvdkufonf) usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabmonf a,½IrSm bk&m;jzpfaMumif; aygvk\ twnfjyKcsufudk ydkí rsufESmomay;onf (aygvkonf LXX ü yg&Sdonfhtwdkif; YHWH \bkef;awmfbJGUjzpfaom *sL;ykHpHrvdkufacs/ J. Mwoy, 11, pp. 245-248 ü Munfhyg/) aygvkonf a,½I pum;vkH;ü Theos udk rMumcProkH;aomfvnf; wpfcgwpfavokH;ygonf/ (wref 20;28/ 2ouf 1;12/ wdwk 2;13/ zd 2;6)/ ueOD;toif;awmf zcifrsm;tm;vkH;onf þusrf;ydk'fudk a,½Itm;&nfnTef;csuftjzpf teufjyefMuonf/ Bruce Metzger, "A Textual Commentary On the Greek New Testament, pp. 520-522, ü ajymonfrSm oabmuJGvTJrIonf pmtjzwftawmuf oauFwrsm;csjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf[k qdkonf/ a&S;a[mif;vufa&; rlusrf;wdkYü pmvkH;MuD;rsm;jzifh a&;om;&mwGif

pmvkH;BuD;pmvkH;i,fr&Sd

pmtjzwftawmuf oauFwr&Sd

3/ pmydk'fcJGjcif;r&Sd

4/ pmvkH;wpfckESifh wpfcktMum; uGufvyfae&myifcsefrxm;acs/



]]t&mcyfodrf;tkyfpdk;awmfrIol}} ¤if;onfvnf; crnf;awmf bk&m; (0g) om;awmfa,½ItaMumif;a&;om; azmfjy&mpum;pk jzpfEkdifonf/ ¤if;onf róJ 28;19 u a,½I\ azmfjycsufESifh aum 1;15-20u aygvk\ azmfjycsufwdkYudk xif[yfaponf/ cef;em;x,f0gvSaom þpum;pkonf emZ&ufjrdKUom;a,½Itm; jiif;y,fcJhMujcif;\ rdkufrJrIrnfrQ qkd;0g;ykHjyoonf/



]]tNrJxm0&}} ¤if;rSm *&dtD'D,HtokH;tEIef;jzpfonfh ]]uyfumvrsm;}} unto ages jzpfonf/ (vkum 1;33/ a&mr 1;25/ 11;35/ *v 1;5/ 1wd 1;17)/ ¤if;rSm tvm;wl qufpyfonfh pum;pk tcsKdUteufwpfckjzpfonf/ (1) ]]uyfumv}} unto the age (róJ 21;19 (rmuk 11;14) vkum 1;55/ a,m 6;5? 58/ 8;35/ 12;34/ 13;8/ 14;16/ 2aum 9;9) odkYr[kwf (2) ]]urÇmtqufquf}} of the age of the ages uyf umvrsm;\ uyfumv (uyfumv tqufquf) ({zuf 3;21)/ "Forever" tNrJxm0&[laom tokH;tEIef;ESifh uJGjym;jcm;em;jcif;&Sd[efrwlacs/ a0g[m& "ages" uyfumvrsm; uyurÇmrsm;onf wifpm;rI oabmjzifh trsm;jyudef;jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm cef;em;x,f0grIudk azmfjy&mü *sL;&dAÁd q&mBuD;rsm; okH;onfh o'´gzJGUpnf;ykHwpfrsKd; jzpfonf/ odkYr[kwf ]]tjypfuif;apaom uyfumv age of innocence, ]]qdkd;qGrf;aom uyfumv age of wickedness " vmvwhHaom uyfumv age to come, odkYr[kwf ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif; uyfumv}} (age of righteousness) ponfh t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ ]]uyfumvrsm;}}- ages t,ltqudk &nfnTef;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/

]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25 ü Munfhyg/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 9;6-13 6odkYaomf ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf ysufuGuf&m ra&mufacs/ taMumif;rSm tpöa&;rS qif;oufoltm;vkH; tpöa&;r[kwfacs/ 7tmjA[H\ tquftEG,fwdkif; tmjA[H\ uav;rsm;r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf ]]u£Zuftm;jzifh oif\ tquftEG,frsm;[k rSnfhac:vdrfhrnf/}} 8¤if;rSm aoG;om;Zmwduav;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ uav;rsm;r[kwfbJ? uwdawmf\ uav;rsm;udkom tquftEG,frsm;tjzpf rSwf,ljcif;jzpfonf/ 9taMumif;rSm ]]þtcsdefü ig<uvmum? pm&monf om;wpfa,mufxGef;um;vdrfhrnf}} qdkonfrSm uwdpum;awmfjzpf\/ 10þt&müom r[kwfa&Auúüvnf; olonf igwdkY\ tbjzpfaom a,musfm;wpfa,muftm;jzifh tjrTmudk,f0efaqmifcJhpOfu 11tjrTmwdkYonf rarG;zGm;&ao;? taumif;tqdk;wpfpkHwpf&m rjyKrDuyif? bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifhqdkifaom tBuHtpnfawmfonf tusifhrsm;aMumifhrwnfbJ? ac:awmfrIolaMumifhomwnfapjcif;iSg 12olrtm; ]]om;BuD;onf om;i,ftm; tapcHvdrfhrnf[k ajym\/ 13¤if;rSm ]],mukyfudk igcspfaomfvnf;? {aomudk igrkef;\}} [k usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD jzpfonf/

9;6 ]]bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf}} þusrf;ydk'fü þpum;pkonf "r®a[mif;\ y#dnOfw&m;vm uwdawmfrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;rSm aocsmonf/ (awmfvnf 23;19/ a,m½I 21;45/ 23;14/ 4 "r® 10;10/ a[&Sm 40;8/ 55;11/ 59;21)/

NASB, NRSV

TEV, NJB ]]ysufuGufcJhonf}}

NRJV ]]t&mra&mufjzpfcJh&NyD}}

þa0g[m& (ekpiptŌ) udk Septuagint (LXX) ü tBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;okH;um wpfpkHwpf&m (a[&Sm 6;13) wpfpkHwpfa,muf (a[&Sm 14;12) usonfudk qdkvdk\/ þae&mü PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; Mum&SnfcHaomtusKd;oufa&mufrI jzpfaejcif; (odkYaomf ¤if;udk y,fzsufxm;onf) tajctaeudk jyonf/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmftm; pdwfcsaocsm &rIudk txufyg rSwfpkü Munfhyg/

NASB ]]taMumif;rSmtpöa&;rS qifoufol tm;vkH;tpöa&; r[kwfacs}}

NKJV ]]taMumif;rSm tpöa&;jzpfoltm;vkH; tpöa&;r[kwfacs/}}

NRSV ]]taMumif;rSm tpöa&;tm;vkH; tpöa&;r[kwfacs/}}

TEV ]]taMumif;rSm tpöa&; vlrsKd;tm;vkH; bk&m;ocif\ vlrsKd;r[kwfacs}}

NJB ]]taMumif;rSm tpöa&;rS qif;oufoltm;vkH; tpöa&;r[kwfacs}}

qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mif þazmfjyrIonf ]]tpöa&;}} a0g[m&\ or®musrf;pmawmfvm t"dyÜg,fudk wpfywfaemufjyefvnfhypfvdkufonf/

1/ ,mukyf\ tquftEG,frsmudk qdkvdkaom tpöa&; (urÇm 32;22-32)

2/ bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufaom vlrsKd;udk qdkvdkaom tpöa&; (TEV)

3/ toif;awmfudk qdkvdkaom tpöa&;jzpfonfh 0dnmOfa&;&m tpöa&; (*v 6;16/ 1ay 2;8? 9/ Asm 1;6)

tNydKif yuwd tpöa&; (i,f 3-6)/ tmjA[H\ uav;rsm;teuf wpfcsKdUuomvQif uwdawmfESifh qdkifaom uav;rsm; jzpfonf/ (i,f 7)/ *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;yif olwdkY\ rsKd;EG,fudk tajcjyKí (i,f 7) bk&m;ocifESifh rSefjcif;r[kwfcJhMubJ? olwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;udk tajcjyKonf/ (2;28-29/ 4;1/ a,m 8;31-59/ *v 3;7-9/ 4;23) bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;udk cHpm;um? ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh ¤if;wdkYtm;vdkufavQmufcJhMu olrsm;rSm (9;27/ 11;5) ,kHMunfolt<uif;tusefrsm;om jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 9;27-28 ü Munfhyg/)

tcef;i,f 6 onf rSef;qxm;aom jiif;qefrI tcsKdUESifh tpjyKonf/ (9;14/ 19? 30/ 11;1) ¤if;onf aygvk\ a0zefpmykHpH qufvufjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm jiif;qefolwpfa,muf&Sdav[ef rsKd;jzifh or®mw&m;udk ajymjyjcif; jzpfonf/ (rmv 1;2? 6?7 ESpfcg 12?13/ 2;14? 17 ESpfcg? 3;7? 13?14)/

9;7 þti,f\ yxrydkif;wpf0ufrSm urÇmOD; 21;12rS jzpfonf/ tmjA[H\ uav;tm;vkH;wdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\ y#dnOfw&m;uwdawmfESifh rqdkifMuacs/ (urÇm 12;1-3/ 15;1-11/17;1-21/ 18;1-15/ *v 4;23)/ ¤if;onf ti,f 8-9u u£&SarvESifh ti,f 10-11u ,mukyfESi {aomwdkY\ uJGjym;jcm;emrIrsm;udk jyonf/

9;8 þae&mü aygvkonf vlrsKd;a&; tquftEG,frsm;udk &nfnTef;&ef ]]aoG;om;Zmwd}} [laom a0g[m& okH;onf/ (1;3/ 4;1/ 9;3? 5/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;3 ü Munfhyg)/ olonf tmjA[H\ obm0uav;rsm; (9;3 u *sL;rsm;) ESifh tmjA[mH\ (uwdawmfESifh qdkifaom uav;rsm;) 0dnmOfuav;rsm; (bk&m;ocif\ uwd ar&Sd,tm; ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh udk;pm;Murnfh olrsm; 2;28-29) udk EdIif;,SOfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf usqif;aom vlom;tm; a&G;EIwfcHvlom;tm;EIdif;,smOfjyonf 8;4-11 ESifh rwlacs/

9;9 ¤if;rSm urÇmOD; 18;10? 12tm; udk;um;rI wpfckjzpfonf/ uwdxm;&muav; (]]trsKd;tEG,f}}) onf bk&m;ocif\ tpjyKrIjzifh pm&mrS arG;zGm;vmvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;onf aemufqkH;wGif; ar&Sd,t&SifzGm;jrifjcif; tm;jzifh NyD;qkH;oGm;vdrfhrnf/ u£Zufonf vGefcJhaom wpfq,fhokH;ESpfwmumvü urÇm 12;1-3wGif tmjA[Hudk ay;aom bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf txl;jynfhpkHvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf/

9;10 tmjA[H u£ZufESifh ,mukyfwdkY\ ZeD;rsm; jrHKcJhMuonf/ olwdkYudk,f0efraqmifEdkifcJhMuacs/ uav;&&efolwdkY rpGrf;EdkifjzpfMu&jcif;rSm ar&Sd,\ rsKd;EG,fESifh qdkifaom rdrd\ y#dnOfw&m; uwdawmfrsm;udk rdrd xdef;csKyfaeaMumif; bk&m;ocifjyojcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ tjcm;enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;rSm ar&Sd,\ rsKd;EG,fonf bkd;ab;rsm;\ om;BuD;rsm;tm;jzifh qif;oufjcif; r&SdcJhbl;acs/ (¤if;rSm "avhxkH;pHt& ajrmfvifhjcif;ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf)/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIjzpfonf/ (i,f 11-12)/ 9;11-12/ ti,f 11-12rSm *&dvdk 0guswpfckwnf; jzpfonf/ þtcsufudk urÇm 25;19-34 rS ,ljcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSm (i,f 16) (1) vlom;rsKd;EG,frvdkuf (2) vlom;\ xdkufwefrI odkYr[kwf pGrf;aqmifEkdifrI (i,f 16) rvdkufaMumif; oufaojy&ef þ Oyrmudk okH;onf/ ¤if;rSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ topfaom ,EÅ&m;? topfaom y#dnOfjzpfonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;2236)/ rnfodkY jzpfap bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSm tjcm;olrsm;udk z,fxkwf&ef r[kwfbJ? yg0ifap&ef jzpfonfμ ar&Sd,onf vufa&G;pifrsKd;&dk;wpfckrS <uvmrnfjzpfaomfvnf; olonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf <uvmvdrfhrnf/ (,kHMunfjcif;udk usifhokH;oltm;vkH;/ 2;28-29/ 4;3? 22-25/ tcef;BuD; 10)/

9;11 ]]&nf&G,fcsuf}} ¤if;rSm pro taygif; tithemi yg0ifaom aygif;pyfa0g[m&wpfrsKd;jzpfum t"dyÜg,f trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/

1/ a&mr 3;25 ü

(u) trsm;jynfoljrifomatmifjyKonf

(c) tjypfajz&m vufaqmif (ylaZmfouúm)

2/ wiful;í pDrHonf

(u) aygvk? a&mr 1;13

(c) bk&m;ocif? {zuf 1;9

¤if;\ emrfykHpH (prothesis) udk þae&mü ]]a&SUü xm;onf}} [laom t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;onf/

AdrmefawmfxJu a&SUawmfrHkUESifh qdkifí okH;onf/ róJ 12;4/ rmuk 2;26/ vkum 6;4/

bk&m;ocif\ a&G;EIwfjcif; &nf&G,fcsufjzpfaom BudKwifqkH;jzwfjcif;ESifh qdkifí okH;onf/ a&mr 8;28/ 9;11/ {zuf 1;5? 11/ 3;1-/ 2wd 1;9/ 3;10 aygvkonf 0dbwf pro (a&SUü)ESifh wJGí aygif;pyf a0g[m& tawmfrsm;rsm;udk a&mr 8?9?10ESifh {zuf Mo0g'pm wdkYü okH;onf/ (¤if;pum;vkH;wdkYonf bk&m;ocifpDrHxm;aom vkyfaqmifrIudk jyonf)

proginŌskŌ (BudKí odonf) a&mr 8;29

proorizŌ (tcsdefrwdkifrD ykHpHcsonf) a&mr 8;29 ({zuf 1;5? 11) 30 ({zuf 1;9)/

prothesis (BudKwifqkH;jzwfaom &nf&G,fcsuf) a&mr 9;11

proetoimazŌ (tcsdefrwdkifrD tpjyK) a&m 9;23

prolego (,cifuajymcJhonf) a&mr 9;29

proelpizŌ (tcsdefrwdkifrD arQmfvifhcJhonf) {zuf 1;12

9;12 ¤if;rSm {aomESifh ,mukyfwdkY taMumif; urÇm 25;23 ü &Sdaom tem*wÅdpum;udk ukd;um;jcif; jzpfonf/ a&AuúESifh ,mukyfwdkYonf aumif;BuD;ESifh qdkifí £Zuftm;vSnfhpm;cJh&mü olwdkY\ yk*¾dKvfa&; tusKd;twGuf r[kwfbJ? tem*wÅdpum;awmfvmtwdkif; jyKrIcJhMujcif;jzpfaMumif; þusrf;ydk'ftm;jzifh jyoonf/

9;13 ]]odkYaomf {aomudk igrkef;onf}} ¤if;rSm rmvcd 1;2-3rS udk;um;csufjzpfonf/ ]]rkef;onf}} hate qdkonfrSm EdIif;,smOf&mü okH;aom a[NAJ pum;vHk;wGJ okH;EIef;ykH wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf jyif;xefaeoa,mif xif&aomfvnf; urÇm 29;31-33/ w&m; 21;15/ róJ 10;37-38/ vkum 14;26 ESifh a,m 12;25 wdkYESifh EdIif;,smOf avhvmMunfhyg/ vlom;uJhodkY ajymaom a0g[m&rsm;jzpfonf ]]cspfonf}} ESifh ]]rkef;onf]] wdkYrSm þvlwpfOD;csif;wdkY tay: bk&m;ocif\ pdwfcHpm;rIESifh rqdkifbJ? ar&Sd,ESifh qdkifaom rsKd;EG,fESifh uwdawmf tay: bk&m;ocif\ tmrcHcsufESifh qdkifonf/ ,mukyfonf urÇmOD; 25;23 u tem*wÅdpum;ay: tajcjyKonfh uwdawmfom; jzpfonf/ {aomurl rmvcd 1;2-3 t& {'kHvlrsKd;udk nTef;onf/ ({aom\ tquftEG,f)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om; azmfjyjcif;/ (ANTHROPOMOPHIC LANGUAGE)

I. þyHkpHpum;toHk;tEIef;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;ütvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ (OyrmtcsKdYrSm) u/ cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm; 1/ rsufpd u? 1;4? 31/ 6;8/ xGuf 33;17/ awm ? 14;14/ w&m;? 11;12/ Zm? 4;10 2/ vuf xGuf 15;17/ awm 11;13/ w&m; 2;15/

3/ vufarmif; - xGuf 6;6/ 15;16/ awm 11;23/ w7m; 4;34/ 5;15/

4/ em;&Guf awm 11;18/ 1"r® 8;21/ 4"r® 19;16/ qm 5;1/ 10;17/ 18;6/

rsufESm xGuf 32;30/ 33;11/ awm 6;25/ w&m; 34;10/ qm 114;7/ 6/ vufacsmif;rsm; - xGuf 8;19/ 31;18/ w&m; 9;10/ qm 8;3/

7/ toH urÇm 3;8-10/ xGuf 15;26/ 19;19/ w&m; 26;17/ 27;10/ 8/ ajcaxmuf xGuf 24;10/ a,Z 43;7/

9/ vlom;oP²mef xGuf 24;9-10/ qm 48/ a[&Sm 6;1/ a,Z 1;26/

10/ xm0&bk&m;\aumif;uifwref u 16;7-13/ 22;11-15/ 31;11? 13/ 48;15-16/ xGuf 3;4? 13-21/ 14;19/ w&m;ol 2;1/ 6;22-23/ 13;2-22/

c/ cE¨mudk,fjyKrlvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;

1/ zefqif;jcif; puf,EÅ&m;tjzpfpum;ajymjcif; - u 1;3? 6? 9? 11? 14? 20? 24? 26/

2/ {'ifO,smOfüvrf;avQmufjcif; (toH) u 3;8/ 18;33/ [A 3;15/ 3/ aem{\oabFmwHcg;ydwfjcif; - u 7;16

4/ rD;½IdUaom,Zfaumifrsm; teYHudk &SLjcif; - u 8;21/ 0wf 26;31/ tmrk 5;21 5/ qif;vmjcif; - u 11;5/ 18;21/ xGuf 3;8? 19;11? 18? 20 6/ arma&Sudk oN*ØK[fjcif; - w&m; 34;6

*/ vlom;\pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; (Oyrm tcsdKU)

1/ aemifw& - u 6;6?7/ xGuf 32;14/ w&m;ol 2;18/ 1"r® 15;29? 35/ tmrkwf 7;3? 6/ 2/ pdwfqdk; - xGuf 4;14/ 15;7/ awm 11;10/ 12;9/ 22;22/ 25;3? 4/ 32;10? 13? 14/ w&m; 6;5/ 7;4/ 29;20

3/ o0efwdk (tjypf&Sdonf[k xifvG,f) xGuf 20;5/ 34;14/ w&m; 4;24/ 5;9/ 6;15/ 32;16? 21/ a,m½I 24;19/

4/ &GH&Sm 0wf 20;23/ 26;30/ w&m; 32;19

C/ rdom;pka0g[m&rsm; (OyrmtcsdKY)

1/ zcif

(u) tpöa&;rsm;ESifhqdkifí xGuf 4;22/ w&m; 14;1/ 39;5/ (c) &Sifbk&ifESifhqdkifí 2"r®7;11-16/ qm 2;7/

(*) zcifuJhodkYjyKrloltjzpfwifpm;rIrsm; - w&m; 1;31/ 8;5/ 32;1/ qm 57;10/ ok 3;12/ a, 3;4? 22/ 31;20/ a[m 11;1-4/ rmv 11;1-4

2/ rdbrsm; - a[m 11;1-4

3/ rdcif qm 27;10 (EdkYxdef;onfuJhodkY)? a[&Sm 49;15/ 66;9-13

4/ i,fcspfOD; -a[m 1-3

II. þyHkpHbmompum;oHk;&jcif;taMumif;&if;rsm;

u/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrdudk,frdrdvlom;rsm;tm; zGifhjy&ef xdkyHkpHvdktyfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf emrf0dnmOfjzpfí rjrif&ojzifh bk&m;ociftm;vlom;tjzpf a&;om;azmfjyum a,mufsm;tjzpf ,lqjcif;rSm tvGefysYHESYHonf/

c/ bk&m;ocifonfvlom;b0\t"dyÜg,ft&SdqHk; jrifuGufrsm;udk,lum usqif;aomvlom;tm; rdrdudk,frdrd azmfxkwfjyo&ef toHk;jyKonf/ (zcif? rdcif? rdb? cspfjrwfEdk;ol)

*/ ½kyfcE¨myHkpHtrsdK;rsKd;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrduefhowf xkwfjy&ef vdktyfrI&Sdaomfvnf; xdkodkYjyK&ef qE´r&Sdacs/ (xG 20/ w&m; 5)

C/ bk&m;ociftm; vlom;uJhodkY a&;om;azmfjyjcif;\ txG#ftxdyfrSm a,½Itjzpfvl0ifpm;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ½kyfcE¨mwdkYxdí&aomol jzpfvmcJhonf/ (1a,m 1;1-3)/ bk&m;ocif\owif;pum;onf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf jzpfvmonf/ (a,m 1;1-18)/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 9;14-18

14odkYjzpfvQif rnfodkY ajym&rnfenf;¿ bk&m;ocifü w&m;rQwrIr&Sdíavmh¿ rnfonfhtcgürQ xdkodkY rjzpf&μ 15taMumif;rSm olonf ara&Stm; ig*½kPmvufudk oludk *½kPmoufum? oem;Muifemvdkaom oludk oem; Muifemrnf}} [k qdkonf/ 16xdkaMumifh ¤if;onf tvdk&Sdol (0g) ajy;aom olay:tajcrjyKbJ? bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfay:rlwnfjcif; jzpfonf/ 17or®musrf;pmajymonfrSm zg½dktm; ]]ig\ wefcdk;awmfudk oifü vufawGUjyoum? ig\ emrawmf urÇmajrwpfavQmufü a<u;aMumfjcif; jzpfap&efwnf; [laom þ&nf&G,fcsufjzifh oifhudk igcsD;ajr§mufonf}} [k qdk\/ 18xdkaMumifh olonf rdrd *½kPmudk oludk *½kPm oufum? rdrdpdwfrmapvdk oludk pdwfrmaponf/

9;14 ]]odkYjzpfvQif rnfodkY ajym&rnfenf;}} aygvkonf þa0zefpmykHpHrsdK; rMumcPokH;onf/ (3;5/ 4;1/ 6;1/ 7;7/ 8;31/ 9;14? 19? 30)

]]bk&m;ocifü w&m;rQwrIr&Sdíavm}} o'´goabmt& tajz ]]r]] udk arQmfvifhonf/ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmtm;jzifh qkH;jzwfonf qdkvQif bk&m;ocifonf tb,faMumifh vlom;ü wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdk&oenf;¿ (i,f 19)/ ¤if;rSm a&G;aumufjcif;\ vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&mjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü t"du txl;jyK&m aomhcsufrSm vlom; (ykefuefol vlom;) ESifh qdkifí bk&m;ocifonf rdrdqE´twdkif;jyKEdkifcGifh &Sdonf rSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmudk wefcdk;awmfjzifh tpdrf;vdkufazmfjyjcif; rjyKbJ *½kPmawmftm;jzifh azmfjyonf (i,f 15 \ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/)

aemufxyfazmfjy&ef tcsufwpfcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmjzifh a&G;cs,frIonf tem*wfü jyKrnfh vlom;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;tm; BudKwifod&Sdxm;rIay: tajcrjyKaMumif; jzpfonf/ þodkYjzpfcJhrnfqdkygu vlwpfOD;csif;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;onf tqkH;ü bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;twGuf tajccHjzpfvmayrnf/ (i,f 16/ 1ay 1;2)/ ajzmifhrwfolrsm; BuD;yGg;atmifjrifjcif; qdkif&m *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\ tpOftvm ½IjrifykHrSm ¤if;twdkif; jzpfonf/ (w&m; 27-28/ a,mbESifh qmvH 73)/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocifonf rxdkufrwefaom olrsm;udk ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh (vkyfaqmifrI tm;jzifh r[kwf 5;8) aumif;csD;ay;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;od&Sdxm;aomfvnf; rdrda&G;cs,frIudk (1) u½kPmawmftm;jzifh (2) uwdawmftm;jzifh uefYowfjcif;jyKonf/ vlm;\ wkHUjyefrIvdktyfonf rSefaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,fum? a&G;aumufawmfrljcif;tm; b0toufwmajymif;vJjcif;onf vdkufygvmí twnfjyKonf/



]]xdkodkYrnfonfhtcgürQ rjzpf&}} &Sm;yg;aom OPATIVE FORM jzpfNyD;? aygvkonf rdrd\ jiif;qefpm[efrsm;ü jiif;qefolonf vkH;0jiif;y,fvdkufjcif;tm; tav;teufjyK&ef rMumcPokH;onf/ (3;4? 6?31/ 6;2? 15/ 7;7? 13/ 11;1? 11ESifh 1aum 6;15/ *v 2;17/ 3;21/ 6;14)/ ¤if;rSm a[jAJ pum;vHk;wJG toHk;tEIef; wpfckvnf; jzpfEkdifonf/

9;15 ¤if;rSm xGuf 33;19rS udk;um;jcif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf a&G;EIwfjcif;qdkif&m rdrd\ &nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&ef vGwfvyfrI&Sdonf/ arma&SyifvQif bk&m;ocif\ aumif;csD;rcHxdkufcJhacs/ (xGuf 33;20)/ olonf vlowform;wpfa,muf jzpfonf/ (xGuf 2;11-15)/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSm *½kPmawmftm;jzifh jzpfonf/ (i,f 16? 18-23/ 11;30?31?32)/

9;15-16 ]]*½kPm}} þ*&dpum; (eleos i,f 15?16?23/ 11;30?31?32) udk Septuagint (LXX) ü a[NAJ txl;pum;vkH; hesed udk bmomjyef&ef okH;jcif;jzpfí t"dyÜg,frSm ]]wnfNrJaom? y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m opöm&SdrI}} [lí jzpfonf/ ("r®opfusrf; a&;om;olrsm;onf a[NAJvdk awG;NyD;? *&daeYpOfokH;pum;jzifh a&;om;Mujcif; jzpfaMumif; owd&yg/) bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfESifh a&G;aumufawmfrljcif;onf trsm;udef;? wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzpfaMumif; tm; u£Zuf\ tquftEG,frsm;tm;vkH; jzpfonfh *sL;rsm;udk a&G;cs,faomfvnf;? £&Sarv\ tquftEG,frsm;tm;vkH;jzpfonfh tm&yfvlrsKd;rsm;udk rIra&G;cs,fjcif;? tpöa&;vlrsKd;jzpfonfh ,mukyf\ tquftEG,frsm;udk a&G;cs,faomfvnf; {aom\ tquftEG,frsm; jzpfonfh {'kHwpfrsKd;vkH;tm; a&G;cs,fjcif;rjyKrIü awGU&onf/ odkYaomf ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfolwpfyg; trsKd;om;rsm;udkrl (i,f 24) wpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf a&G;cs,fonf/ ¤if;rSm BudKwifcefYxm;jcif; a&G;aumufjcif; (wpfurÇmvkH; tm;a&G;EIwfjcif;) taMumif;\ vQKdU0SufeufeJrIudk zGihfaomaomh jzpfonf/ tcef;BuD; 9-11yg taMumif;t&m\ tjcm;aomhwpfckrSm ajymif;vJjcif; r&Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ Muiftifvu©Pmjzpfonfh - *½kPmawmfjzpfNyD; (9;15?16?18?23/ 11;30? 31?32) vlom;\ vkyfaqmifrIr[kwfacs/ a&G;cs,frIrS wpfqifhjzpfaom *½kPmawmfudk aemufqkH;wGif c&pfawmfudk ,kHMunfoltm;vkH; &&SdcHpm;Muayrnf/ xdkt&Sifonf tm;vkH;twGuf ,kHMunfjcif; wHcg;zGifh ay;oljzpfonf/ (5;18-19)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / cspfoem;awmfrljcif; (HESED)

þa0g[m&ü pum;vkH; t"dyÜg,fajymif;vJrIqdkif&m us,fjyefYaom e,fy,f&Sdonf/ BDB onf ¤if;udk þuJhodkY ay:vGifxif&Sm;aponf/ (338-339)

u/ vlom;rsm;ESifh qdkifí tokH;jyKykH

(1) rdrdtaygif;toif;rsm;udk oem;jcif; (1"r® 20;14/ 2&m 24;22)

(2) r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;udk oem;jcif; (rdu©m 6;8)

(3) ESpfoufjrwfEdk;jcif; (a,& 2;2/ a[ma&S 6;4)

(4) ½kyfwGif o@mef (a[&Sm 40;6)

c/ bk&m;ocifESifh qdkifí tokH;jyKcJhykH

1/ y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m opömESifh tcspf

(u) ]]&efolrsm;ESifh 'ku©rS a&G;EIwf&mü}} (a,& 31;3/ {Z& 27;28/ 9;9)

(c) ]]toufudk aoab;rS ab;uif;vkHNcHKap&mü}} (a,mb 10;12/ qm 86;13)

(*) ]]0dnmOf touf&Sifap&mü}} (qm 119;41? 76;88? 124? 149?150)

(C) ]]tjypfrS a&G;EIwf&mü}} (qm 25;7/ 51;3)/

(i) ]]y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;udk apmifhxdef;&mü}} (2&m 6;14/ ae[rd 1;5/ 9;32)

2/ bk&m;ocif\ *kPfyk'fudk azmfjy&mü (xGuf 36;4/ rdu©m 7;20)

3/ bk&m;ocif\ oem;MuifemrI

(u) ]]ayg<u,fonf}} (ae[r 9;17/ qm 103;8)

(c) ]]twkdif;twm BuD;rmonf}} (xGuf 20;6/ w&m; 5;10/ 7;9) (*) ]]tNrJxm0&}} (1&m 16;34/ 41/ 2&m 5;13/ 7;3?6/ 20;21/ {Z& 3;11)

4/ oem;Muifemjcif;tjyKtrlrsm; (2&m 6;42/ qm 89;2/ a[&Sm 55;3/ 63;7/ jrnfwrf; 3;22)

9;17-18/ ti,f 17 onf wurÇmvkH;udk vTrf;NcHKaom wefckd;BuD;rm;onfh udk;um;csufjzpfNyD/ xGuf 9;26 rS ,lonf/ ti,f 18 rSm xdkudk;um;rIudk ed*kH;csKyftjzpf tokH;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/ zg½dkbk&iftm; olYpdwfolrmaMum aponf[k xGuf 18;15?19? 32/ 9;34 wdkYü ajymonf/ aemufwpfcg olYpdwfudk bk&m;ocifrmaMumaponf[k ajymaom usrf;ydk'frsm;rSm xGuf 4;21/ 7;3/ 9;12/ 10;20? 27/ 11;10/ wdkY jzpfonf/ þOyrmudk bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm; azmfjy&ef tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/ (i,f 18)/ zg½kdonf rdrda&G;csufrItwGuf wm0ef&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;twGuf rdrdtvdkawmfNyD;pD;oGm;ap&ef zg½dk\ armufrmrI? acgif;rmrIudk tokH;jyKonf/ (i,f 18)

zg½dkESifhqdkifí bk&m;ocif jyKrIykH\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm a&G;EIwfjcif;jzpfjyD; twdkif;twmtm;jzifh yg0ifonf

1/ bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfudk jyo&ef (urÇmOD; 1 ü AmAkvkef\ Mu,fw&m bk&m;rsm; enf;wl tD*spfvlrsKd;rsm;\ obm0ESifh wd&pämef bk&m;rsm;ESifh tjydKif)

2/ tD*spftm; bk&m;ocifudk zGifhjyjcif;onf wurÇmvkH;tm; jyojcif; oabmjzpfonf (i,f 17)/ taemufwdkif; (tar&duef) \ tawG;ü vlwpfOD;csif;udk t"duxm;aomfvnf; ta&SUwdkif;\ tawG;ü wpfckvkH;\ vdktyfrIudk tm½kHpdkufonf/ bk&m;ocifonf wurÇmvkH;\ vdktyfrItwGuf rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjy&ef zg½dkudk okH;onf/ olonf r,kHMunfol tpöa&;udkvnf; xdkenf;wl jyKvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (tcef;BuD; 11)/ þoabmü wpfckvkH;\ vdktyfcsufxJü wpfOD;csif;\ vkdtyfrIrSm z,f&Sm;cH&onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; Oyrmrsm;udkvnf; owd&yg/

1/ bk&m;ocifESifh pmwefwkdY\ aqG;aEG;rIaMumifh a,mb\ rlvuav;rsm;aoqkH;oGm;cJhMuonf (a,mb 1-2)

2/ tm'H\ tjypfaMumifh tpöa&;ppfom;rsm; aoqkH;cJhMuonf/ (a,m½I 7)

3/ 'g0d'ftjypfaMumifh 'g0d'fESifh Amoa&Sb &aom yxruav; aoqkH;oGm;onf (2"r® 12;15) tjcm;olwpfyg;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf uRefawmfwdkYtm;vkH;udk xdcdkufonf/ þwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; oabmudk "r®opfusrf;wGif a&mr 5;12-21 ü awGU&onf/

]]or®musrf;pmajymonfrSm}} or®musrf;pmudk vlom;uJhodkY ajymjcif;onf ¤if;\ touf&SifrIESifh qDavsmfrIudk jyonf/ (10;6-8) aygvkonf ]]tjypf}} ESifh ]]aojcif;}} udkvnf; a&mr (6;-7) ü ouf&Sdvlom;uJhodkY ajymonfμ

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) usrf;/ / 9;19-26

19odkYjzpfvQif ]]bk&m;ocif tb,faMumifh tjypfwifawmfrI&ao;oenf;¿ b,folonf tvdkawmfudk wm;qD;cJhbl;oenf;¿

20xdkodkY jzpf&rnfhtpm; bk&m;ocifudk pum;wkHYjyefajymqdkoltoif vlom;rSm rnfolenf;¿ ykHoGif;aomt&monf ykHoGif;oltm; ]]tb,faMumifh oifonf ighudk þodkY vkyfoenf;¿ [k qdk&rnfavm/ 21odkYr[kwf tdk;xdef;onfonf &GHUap;wpfwkH;wnf;jzifh ydkaumif;aomt&mü okH;&efESifh omreftwGuf okH;&ef ajrtdk;rsm; jyKvkyfydkifcGifh&Sdonf r[kwfavm/ 22bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ rsufawmfxif&Sm;ap&efESifh rdrdwefcdk;awmfudk odap&ef zsufpD;zdkY&ef jyifqifaom trsufawmfcH tdk;rsm;ay:onf;cHawmfrlvdkygu rnfodkY qdk&rnfenf;¿ 23csD;ajr§mufjcif;cH&ef BudKwifjyifqifaom *½kPmawmfcHtdk;rsm;tm; rdrd\ bkef;awmf<u,f0rI od&Sdap&ef xdkodkY jyKygu rnfodkY qdkrnfenf;¿ 24xdkolwdkYrSm *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;xJü omru? wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;xJuyg ac:awmfrlol igwdkyvnf; jzpfMu\/ 25a[ma&S\ usrf;pmü ajymonfrSm ig\ vlrsKd;r[kwfaom olrsm;udk ]]ig\ vlrsKd;rsm;}} [kac:um? rcspfaom trsKd;orD;udk ]]tcspf}} [k igac:rnf/26xdktcg ]]oifwdkYonf ig\ vlrsKd;r[kwf}} [kqdk&mü olwdkYonf touf&Sifaom bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm; jzpfonf}} [lí ac:jcif; cHMuvdrfhrnf [lí jzpf\/ 9;19 ]]b,folonftvdkawmfudk wm;qD;cJhbl;oenf;}} ¤if;rSm twnfwusjzpfysufcJhNyD;aom tjzpfrSefwpf&yf\ tusKd;qufrsm; qufuyfjzpfay:aejcif;udk txl;jyKonfh PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ (2&m 20;;6/ a,mb 9;12/ qmvH 135;6/ 'H 4;35)/ a0zefpmykHpH qufvufawGU&onf/ aygvk\ a0zefpmykHpHtm; wuúaA'enf;us em;vnfjcif;onf aygvk\ tawG;tm; tusOf;csKHU&efESifh em;vnfoabmayguf&ef taumif;qkH;enf; jzpfonf/ þtcef;BuD;\ ed'gef; c/ 1ü Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk

tqifhESpfqifhjzifh

jrifwwf&efvdkonf/ yxrtqifhrSm usqif;cJhNyD;aom vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; a&G;EIwf&ef tBuHtpnfawmfrsm; jzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15) þtBuHtpnfawmfrsm;udk vlom;wpfOD;wpfa,muf csif;\ a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf rxdcdkufEdkifacs/ odkYaomf tjcm;wbufwGif bk&m;ocifonf vlom;udk wefqmyvmtjzpf tokH;jyK&ef a&G;cs,fxm;onf/ (xGuf 3;7-9 ESifh 10) vlrsm;udk rdrd\ pDrHcsufNyD;jynfhpkHap&ef a&G;cs,fonf (tjyKoabmtwGuf arma&SESifh tzsufoabmtwGuf zg½dk .... pojzifh)/

9;20-21/ þpdwful;udk a[&Sm, 29;16/ 45;9;13/ 64;8 ESifh a,&d 18;1-12 wdkYrS &,ljcif; jzpfonf/ vlom;onf ajrrIefYrS vmjcif;jzpfojzifh (urÇm 2;7) bk&m;ocifudk zefqif;&Siftjzpf azmfjy&ef YHWH tm; tkd;xdef;onftjzpf wifpm;azmfjyavh&Sdonf/ aygvkonf zefqif;&Sif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfudk olwyg; em;vnfoabmayguf&ef &Sif;jy&mü ar;cGef;okH;ck okH;avh&Sdonf/ yxrqkH; ESpfrsKd;rSm tcef;i,f 20ü &SdNyD;? wwd,wpfrsKd;rSm tcef;i,f 21ü &Sdonf/ aemufqkH; ar;cGef;udk tjyKoabmtwGuf arma&Sudk a&G;cs,fum? tzsufoabmtwGuf zg½kdtm; a&G;cs,f&mü tvm;wl jyefawGU&onf/ þuJhodkY tvm;wl qefUusifbuftwJGrsm;udk atmufygwdkYudkvnf; awGU&onf/

1/ £Zuf - £a&Sarv i,f 8-9/

2/ ,mukyf - {aom i,f 10-12/

3/ tpöa&;vlrsdK;ESifh {'HkvlrsdK; i,f 13/ tvm;wlqifwlrIonfaygvk xdktcsdef&ifqdkif&aomtajctaejzpfonfh,HkMunfolESifh r,HkMunf ol*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYudkxif[yfaponf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ tjyKoabma&G;tyfcs,frIudk ,HkMunfolwpfyg; trsdK;om;rsm;tm; a&G;cs,frIjzifh aemufqHk;azmfjyoGm;onf/ (i,f 24-29? 30-33)!

o'´gzGJUpnf;yHkt&m arQmfvifhonfrSm

1/ ti,f 20 ygar;cGef;twGuftajz ]] r}}

2/ ti,f 21 ygar;cGef;twGuf tajz ]][kwf}} jzpfonf/

9;22 ]]vQif^ygu}} 4if;rSmwpfpdwfwpfydkif; FIRST CLASS CONDITIONAL jzpfNyD;pma&;ol tjrifütrSef[krSwf,lxm;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; o'´genf;usxdkodkY,wdjywfrajymEdkifacs/ ti,f22-24 rSm*&dusrf;ü0guswpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ ti,f 22onf bk&m;ocif\a&G;EIwfaomMuiftifvu©Pm jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfw&m;rQwaomt&Sifjzpfonf/ olonfvlom;wkdYtm;rdrdwdkYtjyKtrItoD; oD;twGufwm0efudk,fpD,laponf/ odkYaomfudk,fawmfonf*½kPm&Sifvnf;jzpfonf/ vlom;tm;vHk; aoqHk;xdkufolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (1;18-3;21)/ w&m;rQwrIrSmowif;aumif;r[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif \Muiftifvu©PmrSmtrsufa'gor[kwfbJrlvtm;jzifh*½kPmjzpfonf/ (w&m; 5;9-10/ 7;9/ a[ma&S 11;8-9)/ ola&G;cs,forQrSma&G;EIwfjcif;twGufjzpfonf/ (a,Z 36;22-33)/ olonf tjypfESifh jynfhaomvlom;ay:onf;cHawmfrlonf/ (a,Z 18)/ olonfrdrd\a&G;EIwfjcif;tBuH tpnfawmftwGuf qdk;oGrf;rIudkyiftoHk;jyKonf/ (Oyrm pmwef? zg½dk? tifa':&NrdKUrSpkef;rBuD;?tm½I&d vlrsdK;rsm;? aeAkc'faeZm? uk½krif;ESifh a&mrtcef;BuD; 11 ur,HkMunfaomtpöa&;ponfwkdYjzpfonf)!

NASB ]]trsufawmfxif&Sm;apvdk}}

NKJV ]]trsufawmfjyo&efvkdvm;}}

NRSV ]]trsufawmfjyo&efqE´&Sd}}

TEV ]]trsufawmfjyo&efvdkvm;cJh}}

NJB ]]trsufawmfjyo&ef tqifoifhjzpf}}

bk&m;ocifonfrdrdtrsufawmfudkxif&Sm;apjcif;rSm rdrdwefcdk;awmf(i,f22)ESifh rdrd\bkef; awmf<u,f0rI (i,f 23) ESpfrsdK;pvHk;od&SdapvkdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\tjyKtrIrsm;onf a&G;EIwfjcif;twGuf tBuHtpnfawmf\tpdwftydkif;rsm;jzpfavh&Sdonf/ (r,HkMunfjcif;ESifh tjypftm; aemufqHk;üz,f&SmrD;zkwf&mt&yfi&J Gehenna rSy)

]]trsufawmfcHtdk;rsm;}} þa0g[m&onf ti,f 20ESifh 21 rS&GHUap;tm;jzifhwifpm;azmfjyrI \tqufjzpfonf/ 4if;onfrdrd\a&G;EIwfjcif;tpDtpOfawmftwGuf bk&m;ocifaemufxyf toHk;jyK aomr,HkMunfolvlom;rsm;udk &nfñTef;aMumif;xif&Sm;onf/

NASB, NKJV ]]jyifqifaom}}

NRSV ]]vkyfaom}}

TEV ]]ao'PfcsrSwfcHcJhaom}}

NJB ]]&nf&G,fxm ;cJhaom}}

4if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ þpum;vHk;udk (Moulton and Milligan) wdkY\aypmüaypmwpfpHkw&mtm;4if;\tjynfht0uHMur®mtwGufjyifqifxm;jcif;twGuf oHk;onf/ ykefuefaomr,HkMunfolonf 4if;twGufw&m;rQwaomtusdK;qufrsm;&&Sdrnfhae&Sdvdrfh rnf/ rnfodkYjzpfapbk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ydkrdkus,fjyefYaomtm;vHk;udkNcHKaomrdrd\a&G;EIwf&ef&nf&G,f csuftm; NyD;pD;ap&ef r,HkMunfolrsm;udk toHk;jyKbkdYa&G;cs,fcJhonf/

M.R. Vincent, Word Studies \twGJ 2 üajymonfrSm ]]bk&m;ocifzsufpD;jcif;cH&efroifh awmfaomfvnf;¤if;\emr0daooet"dyÜg,frSmzsufpD;jcif;twGuftqifoifhjzpfaeonf? rSnfhaeon [líjzpfNyD;? ,cifujyKcJhNyD;aomt&m\vuf&Sdt&mjzpfaMumif; participle ujyaeaomfvnf;rnfodkY rnfykHjyKcJhaMumif;t&dyft>rwfyifrazmfjyacs/}} (P – 716)

]]zsufpD;jcif;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 3;3 üMunfhyg/ 9;23 ]]u½kPmawmfcHtkd;rsm;tm;rdrd \bkef;awmf<u,f0yHkudkodap&ef}} &nf&G,faMumif;jyaom 0gustydkif;onfbk&m;ocif\xm0&BuH&G,fcsuf(u½kPmawmf)udkjyonf/ Bud,mrSm AORIST SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\<u,f0rItm;a,½IudkapvTwfawmfrljcif;tm;jzifhjyonf/! aygvk&nfñGef;avh&Sdaom<u,f0rIrsm;rSm

1/ oem;Muifemawmfrljcif;? pdwf&Snfonf;cHawmfrljcif; a&mr 2;4/

2/ u½kPmawmfcHtkd;rsm;tay:rdrd\bkef;awmf<u,f0rI a&mr 9;23/

3/ rdrd\aus;Zl;awmf {zuf 1;7/

4/ rdrdtarGawmf\bkef;wefcdk; 1;18/

5/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;c&pfawmftxJ oem;Muifemonfhaus;Zl;awmf {zuf 2;7/

6/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf c&pfawmf {zuf 3;8/

7/ rdrd\bkef;wefckd;awmf {zuf 3;16/

8/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;Mum;xJ bkef;wefck;awmf\vQdKU0SufeufeJrl/ 4if;rSm bkef;BuD;jcif;udk arQmfvifhjcif;jzpfaom? oifwkdYtxJ&Sdc&pfawmfjzpfonf aum 1;27/

]]csD;ajr§mufjcif; cH&efBudKwifjyifqifaom}} þor®mw&m;udkyif a&mr 8;29-30 ESifh {zuf 1;4? 11 wkdYüazmfjyonf/ þtcef;BuD; 9 onfbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm;azmfjy&mü "r®opfusrf;xJwGiftjyif;xefqHk;jzpfonf/ zefqif;jcif;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;udkbk&m;ocift<uif;rJhwm0ef ay;tyfrIrSmtjiif;yGm;p&mtaMumif;r&Sdacs/! þBuD;rm;aomor®m w&m;udkrnfolrQaysmhaysmif; oGm;ap vdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ rnfodkYjzpfaprdrdoP²mefawmfjzifhzefqif;aomvlom;rsm;ESifh qufqHjcif;enf; vrf;wpfcktjzpf y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;jyK&ef a&G;cs,fawmfrljcif;onf4if;ESifh o[mZmwjzpfap&ayrnf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;y#dnmOfw&m;rsm;jzpfonfh urÇmOD; 9; 8-17 ESifh 15;1221 wkdYuJhodkYaomftcsdKU "r®a[mif;acwfw&m;rsm;onfcRif;csufrJhjzpfum vlom;\ wm0efvHk;0 ryg0ifaomfvnf; tcsdKYy#dnmOf w&m;rsm; ({'if? aem{? arma&S? 'g0dwf) onfvlom;\ wHkYjyefrItm; cRif;csuftjzpfxm;&Sdonf/ bk&m; ocifürdrd\ zefqif;jcif;tm; a&G;EIwf&ef tpDtpOfwpfck&Sd&m? þpDpOfrIudkrnfonfhvlom;urS xdckduf apEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ pDrHcsufrsm;txJyg0ifcGifhjyKrnfh wpfOD;csif;aomyk*¾dKvfwkdY udka&G;cs,fonf/ þyg0if&ef tcGifhxl;onf tcsKyftcsmtmPm (tcef;BuD; 9) ESifh vlom;\ vGwfvyf aomqE´ (a&mr 10)/ ESpfckMum;tjcm;"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&mwif;rmrIwpfckjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmawmfvmwif;rmrIwpfzufudk a&G;,lum? tjcm;wpfzufaomwif;rmrIudkvpfvsL ½I&efrSmoifhavsmfvHkavmufrIr&Sdacs/ ta&SUwdkif;om;rsm;onf or®mw&m;wpf&yfudka0zefpmyHkpHodkYr[kwf wif;rmrIygaom twGJvkdufoabm jzpfhwifjyavh&SdMuojzifh or®musrf;pmygMo0g'wpfckESifh wpfckMum; ü wif;rmrIrsm;&Sdaeonf/ 4if;rSmor®mw&m;rsm;udkrSefpDa&Tcsxm;onfESihfwlonf/ þae&mütod&cufcJaomvQdKU0Sufcsuf&SdonfrSmtrSefyif! r,HkMunfolrsm;udktrsufawmfcH&ef (kataptizō) jyifqifxm;jcif;(i,f 22) ESifh ,HkMunfolrsm;udk csD;ajr§mufcH&ef (proetoimazō) jyifqif xm;rIrsm;ü (i,f 23) aygvkonfwwåaA'enf;used*Hk;csKyfjcif;rjyKcJhacs/ bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frI oufoufbJavm¿ (0g)bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frIrSmvlwdkif;twGuf*½kPmawmfay:tajcjyKaomfvnf;? tcsdKUaomolwdkYonfxdkay;prf;rIudkjiif;y,fcJhMuíavmh¿ vlom;wdkYrdrdwdkY\tem*wftwGufyg0ifrI wpfpHkwpf&m&SdMuoavm¿ (9;30-10;21)/ 4if;üESpfbufpvHk;wGiftpGef;a&mufrIrsm;&Sdonf/ «Augus-

tine-Pelagius Mo*wfpwif;-yJvm*D;&m;(pf)» uREfkyf\tvdkt&y#dnmOfjyKjcif;oabmonf4if;tpGef; ESpfzufpvHk;tm;bk&m;ocifay:txl;jyKjcif;jzifh aygif;pnf;oGm;aponf/ vlom;onfbk&m;ocif\ pjyKed'gef;ysdK;ay;jcif;tm;wHkYjyefrIjyK½HkomwwfEdkifonf/ (a,m[ef 6;44?65)/ uREfkyf\oabmrSm bk&m;ocif\p½dkufawmfrSmpdwful;ayguf&mxvkyfjcif;r[kwfbJ? *½kPmawmfESifhjynfh0jcif;jzpfonf/ olonfrdrd\oP²mefawmftwdkif;zefqif;aom todw&m;&Sdol vlom;tm;vHk;vufurf;onf (urÇm 1;26?27)/ þudpöüuRefawmftawmf'ku©a&mufygonf/ 4if;rSmt&Sdefwefcdk;BuD;rm;vSaomfvnf; tjzL trJuJhodkYay:vGifxif&Sm;onf/ 4if;onfr,HkMunfol*sL;vlrsdK;udkpl;pdkufrIjzpfNyD;? 4if;aMumifhwpfyg; trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvmonf/ (tcef;BuD; 11) odkYaomfbk&m;ocif\p½dkufvu©Pmudkþusrf;ykd'f wpfckwnf;üazmfjyonfr[kwfacs/

]]bkef;wefcdk;awmf}} 3;23 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ 9;24 bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf&nf&G,fcsufrSm tpöa&;rsdK;EG,fxufydkí us,fjyefYaMumif;þtcef;i,f üazmfjyonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\*½kPmawmfudkrdrd\a&G;cs,frIay:tajccHumjyoonf/ urÇmOD; 3;15 onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifonf/ (tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf urÇmOD; 12 rwdkifrcsif; *sL; vlrdsK;[lír&Sdao;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/)/ tmjA[Hudkac:zdwfjcif;onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh qdkifonf/ urÇm 12;3 tpöa&;tm;,Zfya&m[dwfrsm;\EdkifiHawmftjzpfac:zdwfjcif;onfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifh qdkif onf/ (xGuf 19;5-6) 4if;rSmbk&m;ocifvQdKU0Sufxm;onfht&mjzpfaomfvnf; ,cktcgpHkvif jynfh0 pGmzGifhjycJhNyDjzpf\ ({zuf 2;11-3;13/ *vm 3;28/ aum 3;11)/

ti,f 24 &SdaygvktcdkiftrmjyKrIudk "r®a[mif;tudk;tum;tcsdKUwdkYonf &Sif;vif;oGm;apvdrfh rnf/ (i,f 25-29)/

1/ ti,f 25 - a[ma&S 2;23

2/ ti,f 26 - a[ma&S 1;10 3/ ti,f 27/ a[&Sm, 10;22 ESifh ^odkYr[kwf a[ma&S 1;10

4/ ti,f 28/ a[m&Sm, 10;23

5/ ti,f 29/ a[&Sm, 1;9 9;25-26 pmtquftpyfoabmt& þusrf;ydk'ffrSm Septuagint (LXX) \a[ma&S 2;23 (qDavsmfatmifwpfpdwfwpfydkif;jyKonf) ESifh 1;10wkdYrS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfumajrmufydkif;tpöa&;rsdK;EG,f wpfq,fwkdYudk&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; þa&mr 9;25-26 ürlaygvkonf4if;udkwpfyg;trsdK;om; rsm;tm;&nfñTef;csuftjzpf,lxm;onf/ 4if;rSm"r®opfusrf;a&;om;olwkdY "r®a[mif;usrf;tm;oHk;yHk oHk;enf;erlemjzpfonf/ olwkdYonftoif;awmftm;tpöa&;udkay;aomuwdawmfrsm;\jynfhpHkrItjzpf jrifMuonf/ (2aum 6;16/ wdwk 2;14/ 1ay 2;5-6)/ pmtquftpyfoabmt&a[ma&Susrf;\ þusrf;ydk'fonf ,HkMunfjcif;r&Sdoltpöa&;udkñTef;onf/ bk&m;ocifonf½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,fol ajrmufydkif;rsdK;EG,fwpfq,fwkdYudke*dkaejyefvnfjzpfapEdkifonfqdkvQif 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\arwåmawmf ESifh tjypfvTwfawmfrljcif;onf ½kyfwkqif;wkudk;uG,folwpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;udkvnf; wpfaeYusvQif tusHK;0ifaprnfhtaxmuftxm;tjzpfaygvkjrifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmom jyefusrf;/ / 9;27-29/

]]tpöa&;trsdK;om;wdkYonfyifv,fork'´&m oJvHk;uJhokdYrsm;aomfvnf; ? t<uif;tusefwdkYuomvQifu, fwifjcif;&&Sdvdrfhrnf/ 28taMumif; rlum;bk&m;ocifonf rdrdajympu m;udkajrBuD;ay:wGif tukeftpifESifhtvsiftjrefaqmif&Guf

27tpöa&;ESifhqdkifía[&Sm,a<u;aMumfonfrSm

awmfrlrnf/ 29 a[&Sm,uaumif;uifAdkvfajct&Si fxm0&bk&m;ocifonfigwkdYtwGuftquf tEG,fwpfckrcsefxm;cJhygui gwdkYonf aom'HkNrdKUuJhodkYjzpfum? a*garm&NrdKUESif hwlcJhMuNyDjzpf vdrhfrnf/

9;27

NASB, NKJV NRSV, NJB ]]aomfvnf;}} TEV ]]vQifyif}}

4if;rSmwwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gusrsdK;jzpfum (ean ESifh SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD aygif;pyf onf) jyKEdkifajctvm;tvm&Sdjcif;udkjyonf/ 9;27-28 4if;rSmSeptuagint (LXX)\a[&Sm, 10;22-23 rSrodromudk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ Textus Receptus onf Septuagint \a[&Sm, 10;23 ütqHk;owfpum;pkwpfckjznfhpGufaomfvnf;4if;onf a&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh p46, Aleph, A ESifh B wkdYürygojzifh aemufydkif;wGif usrf;pma&;ul;olwpfa,mufa,mufjznfhpGufvkdufjcif;jzpfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ UBS4 onfþcsef xm;rIudk ]] A}} (aocsm) tqifhowfrSwfonf/ 9;27 ]]yifv,fork'´&moJvHk;uJhodkY}} 4if;rSm tmjA[Hudkay;aombk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;tm; t"dyÜg,fav;eufay:vGifap&ef wrifcsJUum;azmfjyaomwifpm;oHk;EIef;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 15;5/ 22;17/ 26;4)/

]]t<uif;tusefwdkYuomvQi u,fwifjcif;&&Sdrnf}} "r®a[mif;usrf;\ ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ü oHkYyef;tjzpfwdkif;wyg;odkY ydkYaqmifjcif;cH&aomfvnf; uwdawmfjynfodkYbk&m;ocifjyefvnfydkYaqmif rnfhtpöa&;trsdK;om;wdkYudk &nfñTef;jcif;tjzpf ]]t<uif;tusef}} qdkaompum;vHk;rMumcPoHk;cJhMu onf/ þa0g[m&udkaygvkoHk;&mü bk&m;ocifESifh ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufpyfrI&Sdaom*sL;vlrsdK; rsm;ESifh ^odkYr[kwf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk Mum;odum? c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKol rsm;udk&nfñTef;onf/ y#dnmOfcH tpöa&;vlrsdK;rsm;txJüyifvQif0dnmOfa&;&müoD;jcm;cGJxkwfrIjzpfay:umtcsdKUaom tenf;i,fwkdYuomvQifbk&m;ocifESifhrSefuefcJhMuonf/ tpöa&;tm;a&G;aumufjcif;onfwpfpkwpf aygif;wnf;jzpfNyD;? wpfOD;csif;urI,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzihfwkHYjyefrIjyK&efvkdtyfonf/ (a[&Sm, 1;16-20)/ aygvkonf þ"r®a[mif;usrf;pum;pkudk jynfESifh'PfcH*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;teuf ygvufpwdkif;odkY jyefvmoltenf;i,fwdkYtm; yxrtpjyK&nfñTGef;onf/ 4if;onf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;Mum;&olwkdY ukd&nfñTef;aomfvnf;trsm;pkwkdYon c&pfawmfudkr,HkMunf rvufcHcJhMuacs/ yxr&mpkESpftwGif Mum;cJh&ol (*sL;ESifh wpfyg;trsdK;) tenf;tusOf;wdkYuomvQifowif;aumif;udkwHkYjyefrIjyKcJhMuonf/ aygvkonfolwkdYudkt<uif;tusefrsm;[kac:onf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / t<uif; tusef t"dyÜg,foHk;rsdK; "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ]]opöm&Sdaomt<uif;tusef}} qdkonfhpum;&yfonf ya&mzufrsm;xyfcg wvJvJoHk;onfhtaMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ (txl;ojzifh bDpD&Spf&mpkya&mzufrsm;ESifh a,&rd) 4if;udkt"dyÜg,foHk;rsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/

1/ jynfESif'PfcH&mü usef&pfolrsm;(a[&Sm 10;20-23/ 17; 4-6/ 37;31-32/ a,&rd 42;15? 19/ 44;12? 14? 28/ tmrkwf 1;8)/

2/YHWH tay:qufvufopömapmifhodolrsm;/ (a[&Sm 4;1-5/ 11;11? 16? 28;5/ a,mv 2;32/ tmrkwf 5;14-15/ rdu©m 2;12-13/ 4;6-7/ 5;7-9/ 7; 18-20)/

3/tem*wfumvüjyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;ESifh jyefvnfzefqif;&müyg0ifMuaomolrsm; (tmrkwf 9;11-15)/ þusrf;ydk'fürl bk&m;ocifonf*sL;'jynfodkYjyefvm&eft<uif;tusef (jynfESifh cH&mrS touf&Sifusefaeao;ol) tcsdKUwkdYudkomvQif (tm;wwfoa&mopöm&Sdol) a&G;cs,fonf/ þ tcef;BuD;txJapmapmuawG;cJhMuonfhtwdkif; tpöa&;\ vGefcJhaom umvrsm;üxyfcg wvJvJ ay:aygufcJhonfh taMumif;t&mrSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ wefckd;awmfaxmufyHhrIESifh apmifha&SmufrIudkjyo&eft&nft wGufudkavsmhcs avh&Sdonf [laomtcsufjzpf\/ (*da'gif w&m;olBuD; 6-7)/

9;28

NASB ]]tukeftpifESifh tvsiftjref}}

NKJV ]]NyD;pD; ... wdkawmif;aponf}}

NRSV ]]tvsiftjrefESifhtNyD;tydkif}}

TEV ]]olYtrIudpötjynfhtpHk udkvsifjrefpGmajz&Sif;}}

NJB ]]aESmifhaES;jcif;/ MuefYMumjcif;r&Sd}}

REB ]]tusOf;csKHUESifh ae mufydwfqHk;jzpfvdrfhrnf}}

NIV ]]t&Sdefjzifh tqHk;owf}}

NET ]]tjynfht0ESifh tvsiftjref}} *&dpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;yg0ifonf (aygvkpmrsm;ü sun aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm;oHk;aeusjzpfonf)

1/ Suntelōn 4if;rSmatmufygpum;ESpfvHk;wdkY\ PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ (u) sun

(c) teleō t"dyÜg,frSm ]]NyD;pD;onfh}} odkYr[kwf ]]tjynfht0oabmaygufonf}} [líjzpf\/ (rmuk 13;4/ vkum 4;2?13/ wref 21;27/ a[NAJ 8;8)

2/ suntemnōn 4if;rSmatmufygpum;vHk;ESpfvHk;\ PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ (u) sun

(c) temnō t"dyÜg,frSm ]] wdkawmif;aponf}} (0g) ]]vsefjrefpGmaqmif&Gufonf/}} (þae&momawGU&aomfvnf; qufpyfrIyHkpHwpfck wref 24;4 üawGU&onf/) þtoHk;tEIef;rsdK;üpum;vHk;\Zpfjrpf (0g) tvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;tm;jzifhtaxmuftulrjzpf bJpmtquftpyftaMumif;t&moabmtm;jzifhom em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonf/

bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ppfrSefaomvlrsm;udku,fwif&efESifh tjcm;olrsm;tm;vHk;w&m;pD&if&ef &nf&G,fcsufESifh pDrHcsuf&Sdonf/

aemufydkif;usrf;pma&;ul;olwdkYonf 4if;\t"dyÜg,ftjzpfrdrd,lqonfhtwdkif;ay:vGifap&ef pum;pkrsm;jznfhpGufvmcJhMuojzifhþtcef;i,frSm teufzGifh&efcufcJonf/ UBS4 onftwdkqHk;yHkpH tm; ]]A}} (aocsm) toifhowfrSwfonf/ 9;29 4if;rSm LXX \a[&Sm, 1;9 rSudk;um;aomtpöa&; trsdK;om;rsm;tjypfESifh jynfhaeyHktm;aMumf jimjcif;jzpfonf/

]]aumif;uifAdkvf ajct&Sifxm0&bk&m;}} 4if;rSm YHWH twGuf"r®a[mif;usrf;\ bGJUemrawmf wpfrsdK;jzpfum t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü ]] LORD of hosts}} [kyg&Sdavh&Sdonf/ (,mukyf 5;4)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyfudkvkdufum þa0g[m&onfbk&m;ociftm;ppfa&;oabmjzifh&nfñGef; um ]]aumif;uifbHkwyfrawmfrsm;\AdkvfcsKyfrif;}} (a,m½I 5;13-15) odkYr[kwftkyfcsKyfa&; t"dyÜg,f jzifhoHk;jcif;jzpfNyD; AmAkvkefvlrsdK;wdkY\Mu,fwm&mESifh ewfbk&m;trsm;wkdYtm;udk;uG,frIESifh qufpyf um ]]aumif;uifbHkt&Sifrsm;\ocif}} Lord of the heavenly bodies [líjzpfEdkifonf/ Mu,fwm rsm;onfzefqif;cHt&mrsm;jzpfumbk&m;rsm;r[kwfMuacs/ 4if;wdkYonftjzpftysufrsm;udkzefwD;jcif;? xdef;csKyfjcif;rjyKMuacs (urÇm 1;16/ qmvH 8;3/ 147;4/ a[&Sm, 40;26)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;emrawmfrsm;/ u/ E/ tJvf - E/ (BDB 42. KB 48)

1/ a&S;a[mif;a0g[m& trsdK;tpm;qdkif&mbk&m;-deity \ rlvteuft"dyÜg,frSm aocsm&Sif; vif;jcif;r&Sdacs/ tcsdKUynm&Sifrsm;url Akkadian pum; ]]oefrmonf (0g) wefcdk;BuD; onf}} rSqif;oufonf[kqdkMuonf (urÇmOD;17;1/ awmvnf23;19/ w&m;a[m 7;21/ qmvH50;1)/

2/ cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;\bk&m;ausmif;uefrsm;ütjrifhbk&m;rSm EI jzpfonf/ (Ras Shamra usrf;ydk'frsm;)

3/ or®musrf;pmxJü EI udkwjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh rwGJzufacs/ atmufygwGJzufrIrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\p½dkuftm;azmfjyonf/

(u) EI – Elyon tJvf - {vDtGef (tjrifhqHk;aombk&m; BDB 42 & 751II)? urÇmOD; 14;18-22/ w&m;a[m32;8/ a[&Sm,14;14/

(c) EI – Roi – (]]jrifhaombk&m;}} (0g) ]]olUudk,folzGifhjyaombk&m;}} BDB 42 & 909)? urÇmOD;16;13/

(*) EI – Shaddai – ( ]]wefcdk;tBuD;qHk;bk&m;}} (0g) ]]tvHk;pHkaom *½kPm&Sif bk&m;}} (0g) ]]awmifay:bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 994)? urÇmOD; 17;1/ 35;11/ 43;14/ 49;25/ {zuf 6;3/

(C) EI – Olam – (xm0&bk&m;}} BDB 42 & 761)? urÇmOD; 21;33/ þa0g[m&onf 'g0d'ftm;ay;onfh bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmf2"r® 7;13? 16 ESifh "r®ynmoabm t&qufpyfonf/

(i) EI – Berit (]]y#dnmOfw&m;\bk&m;ocif}} BDB 42 & 136)? w&m;olBuD; 9;46/ 4/ EI udkatmufyga0g[m&rsm;ESifh wef;xlxm;onf?

(u) YHWH qmvH85;8/ a[&Sm,42;5/ (c) Elohim urÇmOD; 46;3/ a,mb5;8/ ]]igonfoifhzcif\ EI jzpfol Elohim jzpf onf/}} (I am EI, the Elohim of your father )

(*) Shaddai urÇmOD; 49;25/ (C) ]]tjypf&Sdonf[kxifvG,fol}} (jealousy-o0efwdkwwfol)/ xGuf34;14/ w&m;a[m 4;24/ 5;9/ 6;15/ (i) ]]u½kPm}} w&m;a[m4;31/ ae[rd9;31/ (p) ]]wefckd;BuD;íaMumufrufbG,fjzpfaom}} w&m;a[m7;21/ 10;17/ ae[rd 1;5/ 9;32/ 'Ha,v9;4/ (q) oAÁñkwOmPfawmf&Sif? 1"r® 2;3/ (Z) ]]ig\cdkifcHhaomcdkvIH&m}} 2"r® 22;33/ (ps) ]]ightwGufudk,fpm;acsay;ol}} 2"r® 22;48/ (n) ]]oefY&Sif;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,5;16/ (#) ]]wefcdk;BuD;awmfrlol}} a[&Sm,10;21/ (X) ]]uREfkyf\u,fwifjcif;}} a[&Sm,12;2/ (!) ]]BuD;jrwfíwefcdk;awmfESifhjynfhpHkol}} a,&rd32;18/ (O) ]]tusdK;tjypfudkay;ol}} a,&rd51;56/

5/ "r®a[mif;ü bk&m;ocif\emrnftm;vHk; a,m½I 22;22 üwaygif;wnf;awGU&onf/ (EI, Elohim, YHWH ESpfcgxyfíazmfjyonf/)

Elyon (BDB 751, KB 832)

1/ 4if;\tajccHt"dyÜg,frSm ]]jrifhaom}} ]]csD;ajr§mufxm;aom}} (0g) ]] jr§ifhwifxm;aom}} [líjzpfonf/ (urÇmOD; 40;17/ 3"r®9;8/ 4"r®18;17/ ae[rd 3;25/ a,&drd 20;2/ 36;10/ qmvH 18;13)/

2/ 4if;udkbk&m;ocif\tjcm;aombGJUemrtawmfrsm;rsm;ESifhtvm;wltoHk;jyKonf/

(u) Elohim - qmvH47;1-2/ 73;11/ 107;11/

(c) YHWH - urÇmOD; 14;22/ 2"r® 22;14/

(*) EI - Shaddai - qmvH91;1?9/

(C) EI - awm24;16/

(i) Elah - 'Ha,v2-6 ESifh {Z7 4-7 wdkYü'Ha,v3;26/ 4;2/ 5;18? 21 wdkYü&Sdonfh illair (Aramaic tm&rd-BuD;jrifhaombk&m;)ESifh qufpyfoHk;avh&Sdonf/

3/ tpöa&;r[kwfolrsm;tjzpfvnf; rMumcPoHk;Muonf/

(u) arvcdZ'uf urÇmOD; 14;18-22/

(c) Amvrf awm24;16/

(*) w&m;32;8 üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajym&mü arma&StoHk;jyKonf/

(C) "r®opfusrf;\vkumc&pf0ifusrf;üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;pma&;&mü4if;ESifh t"dyÜg,f wl*&dpum; Hysistos toHk;jyKonf/ (1;32? 35? 76/ 6;35/ 8;28/ wref7;48/ 16;17)/

*/ Elohim (trsm;jyudef;) Eloah (tenf;jyudef;)/ rlvtm;jzifhuAsmtvFmrsm;üoHk;onf/ (BDD 43, KB 52)/

1/ þa0g[m&udk "r®a[mif;jyifyürawGU&acs/

2/þpum;vHk;onftpöa&;wdkY\bk&m;ocif(0g) wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ bk&m;rsm;tm; ñGef;qdkEdkifonf/ (xGuf12;12/ 20;3)/ tmjA[H\rdom;pkrsm;onfewfbk&m;trsm; udk;uG,folrsm;jzpfonf/ (a,m½I24;2)/

3/ tpöa&;w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm;ñTef;qdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (xGuf21;6/ qmvH82;6)/

4/ Elohim a0g[m&udktjcm;emrf0dnmOfrsm; (aumif;uifwrefrsm;? ewfqdkrsm;)ESifh qdkif ívnf; w&m; 32;8 (LXX) qmvH 8;5/ a,mb 1;6/ 38;7 wdkYrSmuJhodkYtoHk; jyKonf/

5/ or®musrf;pmü4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ yxrqHk;bGJUemrawmfjzpfonf/(urÇmOD; 1;1)/ 4if;udkurÇmOD; 2;4 ü YHWH ESifh yl;wGJroHk;rDtjcm;pum;vHk;ESifh ra&mbJoD;oefY oHk;onf/ 4if;onftajccHtm;jzifh^"roabmw&m;t& bk&m;ociftm;zefqif; ol? xdef;csKyfolESifh þurÇmN*dKvfay:owå0gtm;vHk;tm;axmufyHholtjzpf&nf ñTef;onf/ (qmvH104)/

4if;onf EI ESifh t"dyÜg,fqifwlonf (w&m;32;15-19)/ 4if;onf qmvH

14 (Elohim) rSmuJhokdY YHWH ESifhtvm;wljzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;bGJUemrrsm; ajymif;vJvdkufjcif;uvTJvQif 4if;rSm qmvH 53 (YHWH) ESifhtwdtuswlonf/

6/ 4if;onftrsm;jyudef;jzpfumtjcm;bk&m;rsm;ü oHk;aomfvnf;þa0g[m&onf tpöa&;\bk&m;ociftm;ñGef;qdkavh&Sdonf/ odkYaomfbk&m;wpfqlwnf;tm;azmf ñGef;&eftenf;jyBud,moHk;avh&Sdonf/

7/ þa0g[m&tm;bk&m;\ emrawmftjzpftpöa&;r[kwfolrsm;\EIwfrSvnf;xGuf avh&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/

1/ arvcdZ'uf/ urÇmOD; 14;18-22

2/ Amvrf/ awm24;2

3/ w&m; 32;8 üwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;ajymonfhtcgarma&StoHk;jyKonf/

8/ tpöa&;wkdY\wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;twGufemrnf trsm;jyudef;jzpfaejcif;rSm xl;qef;onf/ aocsmr[kwfaomfvnf;oDtdk&DtcsdKU&Sdonf/

(u) a[NAJwdkYütxl;jyKazmfjyjcif;twGuftrsm;jyudef; trsm;tjym;toHk;jyK Muonf/ 4if;onfaemufydkif;üay:vmonfha[NAJo'´goabmw&m; wpfrsdK;jzpfaom ]]cefYnm;x,f0gjcif;\ trsm;udef;rsm;}}qdkonfht&m ESifhrsm;pGmeD;pyfonf/ 4if;oabmütrsm;jyudef;rsm;udkt,ltqwpfck tm;tus,fcsJU&ef? csJUum;azmfjy&eftoHk;jyKonf/

(c) 4if;onfaumif;uifbHkübk&m;ocifqifhac:onfh rdrd\qifhqdkrltm;vdkufem aqmif&Gufaom aumif;uifwrefrsm; nDvmcHudk&nfñGef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf (3"r® 22; 19-23/ a,mb 1;6/ qmvH 82;1/ 89;5? 7)/

(*) 4if;onfyk*d¾KvfoHk;yg;aygif; bk&m;wpfqltaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ü zGifhjyrI udkxif[yfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ urÇmOD; 1;1 bk&m;ocifzefqif;onf/ urÇmOD; 1;2 ü0dnmOfawmfvIyf&Sm;um "r®opfusrf;ü a,½Ionfcrnf; awmf\ zefqif;jcif; wefqmyvmjzpfonf (a,m[ef 1;3? 10/ a&mr 11; 36/ 1aum 8;6/ aum 1;15/ a[NAJ 1;2/ 2;10)/ C/ YHWH (BDB 217, KB 394)

1/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ociftm;y#dnmOfw&m;jyKol? u,fwifol? a&G;EIwfol? bk&m;tjzpfay:vGifapaombGJUemrjzpfonf/ vlom;onfy#dnmOfw&m; rsm;udkcsdK;azmufaomfvnf;bk&m;ocifrSmrlrdrdajympum;? rdrd\uwdawmf? rdrdy#dnmOf w&m;ay:opöm&Sdonf/ (qmvH103)/ þemrudk Elohim ESifh aygif;pyfíyxrqHk;urÇmOD; 2;4 üazmf jyonf/ urÇm 1-2 üzefqif;jcif; rSwfwrf; ESpfck&Sdjcif; r[kwfbJ? txl; jyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ (1) ½kyf0w¬Kydkif;qkdif&m pBuFm0|m zefqif;olbk&m; tjzpfESifh (2) bk&m;ocif tm;vlowå0g zefqif;oltjzpftxl;azmfjyonf/ urÇm 2;4-3;24 onfvlom;\ txl;tcGifhta&;&aom taetxm;ESifh olYtm;zefqif;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuf enf;wltjypfjyóemESifh ykefuefrIonf twktEdIif; uif;aomtaetxm;ESifh wGJzufaMumif;tm;pwifzGifhjyonf/

2/ urÇm 4;26 ü]]vlrsm;onfxm0&bk&m;\emrawmfudktrSDjyKíudk;uG,f pjyKMuav\}} (YHWH) [kqdkonf/ odkYaomfy#dnmOfcHueOD;vlrsm; onf(bdk;ab;rsm;ESifh olwdkY\rdom;pkrsm;) bk&m;ocifudk EI – Shaddai tjzpfomvQifod&SdcJhMuaMumif;xGuf 6;3 t&od&Sd&onf/ YHWH emrawmfudkxGuf3;13-16 txl;ojzifh ti,f14üwpf BudrfomvQif&Sif;vif;xm;onf/ rnfodkYjzpfap arma&Sa&;aompmrsm;ürl pum;;vHk; rsm;tm; vlodrsm;aom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh upm;um &Sif;vif;avh&Sd NyD;pum; vHk;rsm;\rlvukdpdppfavhvmjcif;oabmrsdK;roHk;acs/ (urÇm 17;5/ 27; 36/ 29;13-35)/ þbGJUemrawmf\ t"dyÜg,ftwGuf oDtdk&D tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (IDB, Vol 2, pp.409-11) rS&,lonf/ (u) tm&yfrl&if;pum;rSqif;oufvmNyD; ]]jyif;jyaomarwåmjy&ef}}

(c) tm&yfrl&if;pum; ]]wdkufcwfonf (YHWH tm;rkefwdkif;bk&m;tjzpf)

(*) Ugartic ,l*g;wpfac:cgeefpum;rSqif;oufNyD;]]ajymqdkonf}}

(C) zdkeD;&Sef;uAÁnf;ausmufpmwpfckt& ]]qufvufwnf&Sdaeapol}} (0g) ]]wnfNrJapol}}

(i) a[NAJ Qal Bud,myHkpH ]]&Sdaeol}} (tem*wftjrifü ]]&SdaeOD;rnfol}})

(p) a[NAJ Hiphi Bud,myHkpH ]]jzpfay:apol}}

(q) a[NAJrl&if; (urÇm 3;20) ]]touf&Sifonf}}/ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]tNrJtouf&Sifol}} ]]wpfyg;wnf;touf&Sifaeol}}

(Z) xGuf3;13-16 &]]igonfjzpfaeustwdkif;qufvufjzpfaernf}} (0g) ]]igonf^jzpfcJhí,ckwdkif^jzpfaeonfhtwdkif;qufvuf^jzpfaernf}}

(J.Wash Watt, A Survey of Syntax in the Old Testament, p.67) YHWH \emrnftjynfhtpHkudktwdkaumufjzifh (0g) jzpfEdkiforQrl&if;yHkpHtm;jzifh azmfjyavh&Sdonf/

(1) Yah (Oyrm Hallelu-yah, BDB 219, xGuf15;2/ 17;16/ qmvH 89;9/ 104;35)

(2) Yahu (“iah” ESifhqHk;aomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Isaiah)

(3) Yo (“Jo” ESifhpaomemrnfrsm;/ Oyrm- Joshua (or) Joel)

3/ *sL;bmomü aemufydkif;umvrsm;wGif þy#dnmOfcHemrawmfrSm oefY&Sif;vGef; ojzifh? xGuf20;7/ w&m; 5;11/ 6;13 wkdYüyg&Sdaom ynwfcsufudkcsdK;azguf &mra&mufap&ef*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf xdkemrawmfudk rajym&JMuacs/ xdkYaMumifholwdkY onf ]]ydkif&Sif}} ]]q&mBuD;^master}} ]]cifyGef;onf}} ]]udk,fawmf}}- Lord [lít"dyÜg,f&Sdaoma[NAJpum;vHk; adon (0g) adonai (uREfkyf\t&Sif) jzifh tpm;xdk;Muonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;zwf&if; YHWH pum;vHk;ESifh wdk;rdaom tcgt&Sif (my Lord) [ktoHxGufMuonf/ xkdYaMumifht*Fvdyfbmomjyef usrf;rsm; ü YHWH udk LORD [lípmvHk;BuD; rsm;jzifha&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/

4/ EI, YHWH ESifhpyfvsOf; ítpöa&;wdkY\ y#dnmOfcHbk&m;ocif\xl;jcm;csuf tcsdKUtm;tav;teufjyK&ef 4if;udktjcm;a0g[m&rsm;ESifh wGJzufavh&Sdonf/ wGJzufa0g[m&rsm;pGm&SdEdkifaomfvnf; þae&mwGiftcsdKUazmfjyygonf/

(u) YHWH- Yireh a,a[m0g; ,d&,f, (YHWH onf jyifqifay;vdrfhrnf/ BDB 217 & 906)/ urÇm 22;14/

(c) YHWH- Rophekha a,a[m0g;-a&myufcg (YHWH onfoifhtm; a&m*gaysmufuif;apoljzpfonf/ BDB 217 & 950 ) xGuf15;26/

(*) YHWH- Nissi a,a[m0g; edpd (YHWH onfig\atmifvHawmf jzpfonf/ BDB 217 & 651) xGuf 17; 15/

(C) YHWH- Meqaddishkem (YHWH onfoifhtm;oefY&Sif;apoljzpf onf/ BDB 217&872 Piel PARTICLE) xGuf 31;13/

(i) YHWH- Shalom (YHWH onfNidrfoufjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB 217& 1022) w&m;olBuD; 6;24/

(p) YHWH- Sabbaoth (AdkvfajcwdkY\YHWH jzpfonf/ BDB 217&878) 1"r® 1;3? 11/ 4;4/ 15;2/ ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ü rMumcPawGU&onf/

(q) YHWH- Ro I (YHWH onfuREfkyftm;odk;uJhodkY xdef;ausmif;ol jzpfonf/ BDB217&944 Qa/ PARTICLE)qmvH 23;1/

(Z) YHWH- Sidqenu (YHWH onfigwkdY\ajzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/ BDB 217&841) a,&rd 23;6/

(ps) YHWH- Shammah (YHWH onfþt&yfü&Sdonf/ BDB 217&1027) a,Zausv 48;35/

NASB ]]igwkdYtwGuftquftEG,fwpfckrcsefxm;ygu}}

NKJV ]]igwkdYtm;rsdK;aphwpfckrcsefxm;ygu}}

NRSV ]]touf&SifvTwfajrmu folrcsefxm;ygu

TEV ]]igwkdYtm;tquftEG,ftcsdKUrcsefxm;ygu}}

NJB ]]igwkdYtm; touf&SifvGwfajrmu foltenf;i,frcsefxm;ygu}} a[&Sm, 1;9 \a[NAJrl&if;pmrSm ]]t<uif;tusef}} jzpfaomfvnf; Septuagint onf4if;udk ]]rsdK;aph}} [kbmomjyefonf/ (NKJV)bk&m;ocifonfh tpöa&;tm;w&m;pD&if&mü (1) ,HkMunfol t<uif;tusefodkYr[kwf (2) ar&Sd,\tquftEG,fonf vTwfoGm;avh&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf trsm;aomolwdkYudk vufvSrf;rDDSEdkif&ef tenf;i,fwkdYtm;csefxm;avh&Sdonf/ ]] aom'Hk ...a*garm&}} ti,f 28 onf bk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifawmfrljcif;ESifh qdkifonf/ þtenf;i,fonf bk&m;ocif\zsufqD;jcif;cHcJhonfhomoemyNrdKUESpfNrdKU wdkYudktxl;ojzifhazmfjyaomf vnf;(urÇm19;24-26) xdkNrdKUESpfNrdKUrSmbk&m;ocif\w&m;pD&ifjcif;twGufoHk;EIef;aoma0g[m&wpfrsdK;

jzpfvmonf/ (w&m; 29;34/ a[&Sm 13;19/ a,&rd 20;16/ 49;18/ 50;40/ tmrkwf 4;11)/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmom jyefusrf;/ / 9;30-33/

30odkYjzpfvQifrnf odkYajym&rnfenf; ¿ ajzmifhrwfjcif;r&Smolwyg;trsdK;om;wkdYonf ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhajzmifhrwfjcif;&&SdMu\/ 31odkYaomfajzmifhrwfjc if;ynwfw&m;awmfudk rSDatmifvdkufoltpöa&;onf xdkynwfw&m;acwfudkrrSD/ 32tb,fhaMumifhenf; ¿ taMumif;rSm tusifhtm;jzifhrSDEdkifrnfhy Hkjzifh? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh rvdkufcJhMuaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ olwkdY onf cvkwfwdkufapaomausmuf wH k;udkcvkwfwdkufvJcJhMu\/ 334if;rSm ]]Munfh½Iavmh/ igonfZdtkefNrdKUücv kwfwdkufapaomausmuf wHk;ESifhrSm;, Gif;jcif;ausmufa qmifudkcsxm;\/ olYudk,HkMunfolonf pdwfysufjcif;r&Sd&[ lí usrf;pmajyonfhtwdkif;jzpf\/

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3/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf ajzmifhrwfjcif;ray;Edkif/ 4if;rSmc&pfawmfudkudk;pm;jcif;jyK&mrS wqifhbk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmifjzpfNyD;vlom;\ vkyfaqmifrIjzifhr&&SdEdkif (3; 21-31)/

C/ Bruce Corley ESifh Curtis Vanghan wkdYa&;om;um Zondervan pmtkyfwdkufu xkwfa0onfh

A Study Guide Commentary, Romans, pp.115-116 ü*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\tjypftaMumif;tusOf; csKyfjcif;onftaxmuftuljyKygonf/

1/ bmoma&;rme/ 10;2 u 2/ 0dnmOfrsufpduef;jcif;/ 10;2c?3u 3/ rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfapjcif;? 10;3c 4/ tavQmhray;pwrf;aomacgif;rmrI 10;4u tcef;BuD; 10 taMumif;tcef;BuD; 9 tqHk;üolwdkYay;oGm;onfhrSwfcsufrsm;udkuRefawmf vnf;oabmusygonf/ ]]vuf0g;uyfwkdif taMumif;a[majymjcif;ü a&G;aumufrIjzpfay:onf/ (1ouf 1;4-10)/ bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmjzifhcdkifrmpGm (u) tumtuG,fjyKrIudk (9;6-29) (c) tBuD;rm;qHk;omoemjyK&mpmykd'frsm;jzifhrnfuJhodkYvkdufEdkifaMumif; (*) aygvka&;onfhpmrsm;ü (10;1-21)&Sif;vif;csufay;onf/ (C) (10;1-21) &Sif;vif;csufay;onf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; a[m&eftjrifhrm;qHk;aomtrdefY rSmxdkodkYa[mjcif;jzifhbk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftxJrdrda&G;aumuf jcif;&nf&G,fcsufudkopöm&SdpGm aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf[líod&Sdxm;jcif;jzpfonf}} (p.114)/ i/ tcef;BuD; 9 enf;wl? tcef;i,f 10 ü"r®a[mif;usrf;rsm;pGmudk;um;xm;onf/

1/ ti,f 5-0wfjyK 18;5

2/ ti,f 6-w&m;a[m 30;12/ ed'gef;rSmw&m;a[m 9;4 qifwlonf

3/ ti,f 7-w&m;a[m 30;13 rSmqm 107;26 qifwlonf

4/ ti,f 8-w&m;a[m 30;14

5/ ti,f 11-a[&Sm, 28;16

6/ ti,f 13-a,mv 2;32

7/ ti,f 15-a[&Sm 52;7 (odkY) em[Hk 1;15

8/ ti,f 16-a[&Sm 53;1

9/ ti,f 18-qmvH 19;4 10/ ti,f 19-w&m; 32;21 11/ ti,f 20-a[&Sm 65;1 12/ ti,f 21-a[&Sm 65;2 pum;vHk;ESifhpum;pkrsm;avhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 10;1-4

1nDtpfudkwdkYighpdwfESvHk;aw mifhwrIESifh bk&m;ocifxHqkawm if;csufrSm olwdkYu,fwif jcif;twGufjzpfonf/ 2olwdkYonfbk&m;ociftwGufpdwf" mwfjyif;jyMuaomfvnf; ynmtm; jzifhr[kwfacs/ 3taMumif;rlum;bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;udkrodbJolwdkY\ ajzmifh rwfjcif;wnfap&efBudK;pm; Muojzifhbk&m;ocif\ajzmif hrwfjcif;udkremcHMuacs/ 4taMumif;rl um;,HkMunfolwdkif;ajzmifhrwf ap&ef c&pfawmfonfynwfw&m;aw mf\tqHk;jzpfownf;/ 10;1 ]]nDtpfudkwdkY}} aygvkonfþa0g[m&udktaMumif;t&mopfwpfcktpjyK&efoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (1;13/ 7;1?4/ 8;12)

]]ighpdwfESvHk;awmifhwrIESif hbk&m;ocifxHqkawmif;csufrSm olwdkY\u,fwifjcif;twGufjzpf onf}} *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;u,fwifjcif;&EdkifaMumif;ESifh olwdkYtwGufqkawmif;ay;jcif;onfjcm;em;rIjzpfap vdrfhrnf[kaygvk,HkMunfonf/ 4if;rSmBudKwifcefYxm;jcif;ESifhtHhtm;oifhp&mqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum;0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; 9;3 üMunfhyg/ ]]olwdkYtwGuf}} pum;vHk; üvufa&;usrf;rluGJwpfck&Sdonf/ Textus Receptus onf ]]tpöa&;twGuf}} [laompum;vHk;jzifh tpm;xdk;onf/ odkYaomfvufa&;usrf;taxmuftxm;onf]]olwdkYtwGuf}} udkydkrdkrsufESmomay; onf/ (MSS P46, Aleph, B, C, D, F, G) UBS4 onf4if;udk ]] A}} (aocsm)tqifh owfrSwfonf/ 10;2 ]]olwdkYonfbk&m;ociftwGu fpdwf"mwfjyif;xefaomfvnf;}} pdwf&if;rSefjcif;ESifhpdwfxuf oefjcif;&Sd½HkjzifhrvHkavmufacs/ (i,f 3-4)/ þtaMumif;aygvkaumif;pGmod&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf 9;1/ *vm 1;14/ zd 3;6)

10;2-3 ]]....aomfvnf;ynmtm;jzifhr[kwfacs/ taMumif;rlum;bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmf rljcif;udkrodbJ}} þae&mwGif]]odonf}} [laoma0g[m&ü (i,f 2 epiginōskō) qdkvkdcsufESpfrsdK; &SdEdkifonf/

1/

2/

*sL;vlrsdK;wdkUonftcrJh{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;qdkonfudkem;rvnfMuacs/ (*&dtjriftm; jzifh ]]od}})

*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onfbk&m;ocifESifh,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhqufoG,frIr&SdMuacs/ (a[NAJt jriftm;jzifh ]]od}}/ urÇm 4;1/ a,& 1;5)

*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonf bk&m;ociftm;wHkYjyefrIjyK&efvkdtyfaMumif;rodolrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ (i,f 16?18?19) odkYaomfolwdkYonf,HkMunfjcif;udkvlom;\ vkyfaqmifrIESihftpm;xdk;vdkufMuonf/ xdkY aMumifh4if;onfrme? 0ifh0grIESifhoD;oefY0g'jzpfvmonf/ (i,f 3)

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / od&Sdonf(Oyrmtjypfw&m;a[m&musrf; tm;oHk;avh&Sdonf/)

a[NAJpum; ]]od&Sdonf}} (BDB)üt"dyÜg,ftawmfrsm;rsm; (ta&SUtv,fydkif;bmompum;) udk Qal Bud,mtrsdK;tpm;üawGU&onf/

1/ tqdk;taumif;em;vnfjcif; - urÇm 3;22/ w&m; 1;39/ a[&Sm 7;14-15/ a,me 4;11

2/ em;vnfjcif;tm;jzifhod&Sdjcif; - w&m; 9;2?3?6/ 18;21

3/ tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifhod&Sdjcif; - w&m; 3;19/ 4;35/ 8;2?3?5/ 11;2/ 10;10/ 31;13/ a,m½I 23;14/

4/ pOf;pm;jcif; - w&m; 4;39/ 11;2/ 29;16

5/ vlyk*¾dKvftm;jzifhod&Sdjcif; u/ vlyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf - urÇm 29;5/ xGuf 1;8/ w&m; 22;2/ 33;9 c/ bk&m;wpfql - w&m; 11;28/ 13;2?6?13/ 28;64/ 29;26/ 32;17 */ YHWH - w&m; 4;35?39/ 7;9/ 29;6/ a[&Sm 1;3/ 56; 10-11 C/ vdifrItm;jzifh - urÇm 4;1? 17? 25/ 24;16/ 38;26

6/ oif,laomuRrf;usifrI (0g) todynm - a[&Sm 29;11? 12/ tm 5;16

7/ ynm&Sdoljzpfjcif; - w&m; 29;4/ ok 1;2/ 4;1/ a[&Sm 29;24

8/ bk&m;ocif\todynm(u) arma&SESihfqdkifí - w&m; 34;10 (c) tpöa&;ESifhqdkifí - w&m; 31;21/ 27;29

10;3

]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfawmfrljcif;}} tcef;BuD; 9-11 t&od&onfrSm4if;pum;pkonf bk&m;ocifonfrdrdESifhrSefuefaom&yfwnfcsufü&Sdapjcif; (a&mr 4) tm;&nfñTef;NyD; xkdokdYvkyf aqmif&jcif;rSm

1/rdrd\*&kPmawmfaMumifh

2/c&pfawmf\jyD;pD;cJhaomtvkyf

3/ tjypfjynfhaomvlom;\aemifw/ ,HkMunfjcif;onfwkefYjyefrIay;umqufvufíemcH umpGJjrJoGm;onf/

*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;udkrnfuJhodkUem;vnfrIvGJrSm;oGm;MuaMumif; aumif;pGm oabmaygufem;vnfoabmaygufEdkifygonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf ynwfawmf emcHjcif;udk tav;teufjyKonf/ (w&m;a[m 4;28-6;3?17?24-25)/ olwdkU *½krjyK rdcJhMuonfrSm,HkMunfjcif;ESifh aemifww&m;wdkYcsdefcGifvQmnDrQa&;jzpfonf/ (w&ma[m 5;2930?6;5)/ bk&m;ocifonftpöa&; bufüaeumvkyfaqmifjcif;rSmolwdkY\ajzifhrwfrIaMumifhr[kwfbJ? rdrd\tusifhp½dkufawmfaMumifhjzpf aMumif;w&m;a[m&musrf;ü½Sif;vif;az:jyonf/ (9;6?7?13?24?27? 10;12-22/ a,Z 36;22-38)/ cgeefvlrsdK;rsm;udk ESiffxkwfjcifonfyif olwdkU\tjypfaMumifhjzpfum

(9;4-6/ urÇm 15;16) tpöa&;\ ajzifhrwfrIaMumifhr[kwfacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 1;17üMunfhyg/

]]bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhr wfjcif;udkremcHMuacs}} Mud,mrSm AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpf aomfvnf; MODEL VOICE (TEV) tjzpfbmomjyefonf/ Koine Greek (t&yfoHk;*&dpum;)ü MIDDlE VOICE \vkyfaqmifrIukdPASSIVE VOICE uxdef;csKyfonf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmtm;jzifht"dyÜg,fqHk;jzwfonf/ emcH(submit)\vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm twGJvdkufay;aomtrdefYwpfcktwGufoHk;onfhppf a&;a0g[m&jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfbk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;udktvkyf^tusifhjzihf&&Sd&efBudK; pm;cJhMuaomfvnf;4if;rSmvufaqmifjzpfaeacsonf/ (3;24/ 5;15/ 6;23/ {zuf 2;8-9)/ aygvk onf þor®mw&m;udk'rowfNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:&Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfvmcJhonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / emcHjcif; ( HUPOTASSO)

Septuagint onfþa0g[m&udkuGJjym;jcm;em;aom a[NAJpum;vHk;wpfq,ftm; bmomjyef jcif;twGufoHk;onf/ 4if;\"r®a[mif;usrf;rlvt"dyÜg,frSm ]]trdefYay;onf}} okdYr[kwf ]]trdefY\ tcGifhta&;^trdefYay;ydkifcGifh}} jzpfonf/ 4if;udkSeptuagint (LXX) awGU&onfrSm-

1/ bk&m;ocifrdefYMum;onf/ (0wf 10;1/ a,me 2;1/ 4;6-8)

2/ arma&SrdefYMum;onf/ (xGuf 36;6/ w&m; 27;1)

3/ &Sifbk&ifrsm;rdefYMum;onf/ (2&m 31;13)

"r®opfusrf;ü þt"dyÜg,fjzifhqufvufoHk;&mwrefawmfwpfyg; trdefYay;&mwGif wrefawmf10;48 üawGU&onfhyHkpHjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap"r®opfusrf;üt"dyÜg,fyGg;rsm;jzpfay: vmonf/

1/ rdrd\pdwfqE´t&vkyfaqmifrIoabmjzpfvmonf/ (MIDDLE VOICE jzifhawGU& avh&Sdonf)

2/ þodkYtrdrdudk,frdrduefYowfvkyfaqmifjcif;tm;a,½Iucrnf;awmf tm;emcH&müawGU&onf/(vkum 2;51)

3/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm;tusdK;r,kwfap&ef,HkMunfolrsm;onf ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk; pHrsm;tm;emcHjcif; (u) tjcm;,HkMunfolrsm;({zuf 5;21)

(c) ,HkMunfolr,m;rsm;(aum 3;18/ {zuf 5;22-24/ wdwk 2;5/ 1ay 3;1)

(*) r,HkMunfoltpdk;&rsm;udk,HkMunfolrsm;emcHjcif;(a&mr 13;1-7/ 1ay 2;13)

,HkMunfolrsm;onfbk&m;ociftwGuf? c&pfawmftwGuf? bk&m;ocifEdkifiHawmftwGuf? tjcm;olrsm;\aumif;usdK;twGufcspfjcif;arwåmt&if;cHjzifhvkyfaqmifMuonf/(1)toif;awmf onf (2) bk&m;ocif\EkdifiHawmf ESifh (3) tjcm;olrsm;\vkdtyfcsufrsm; udktajccHum (4) þa0g[m&tm; (5) (t*¾y,fcspfjcif;arwåm)enf;wl (6) topfaomt"dyÜg,f rsm;ESifhjynfh0 aponf/ trdefYaMumifhr[kwfbJrdrdudk,frdrday;tyfolbk&m;ocifESif 4if;\ar&Sd,wdkYESifh topf aomqufqHrIay:tajcjyKvsuf þa0g[m&onf jrifhjrwfaomtwÅtopfwpfrsdK;t"dyÜg,f aqmifvmonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf wpfckvHk;\aumif;usdK;ESifhbk&m;ocif\ rdom;pkaumif; csD;twGufepfemrIcHumqufuyfonf/

10;4

NASB, NKJV

NRSV ]]taMumif;rSmc&pfawmfon fynwfw&m;\tqHk;jzpf\}}

TEV ]]taMumif;rSmc&pfawmfonfy nwfw&m;udktqHk;owfcJhNyD}}

NJB ]]odkYaomf,cktcgynwfw&m;onfc&pfawmfj zifhtqHk;owfodkYa&mufcJhNyD}}

þazmfjyrIonfróJ 5;17-18 ESifhwpfrsdK;wpfpm;wnf;jzpfonf/ ynwfw&m;awmf\&nf &G,fcsufyef;wdkif(0g)tqHk; (telos) onfu,fwifjcif;r[kkwfbJoabmaygufapjcif;jzpfum?xkd&nf&G,f csuftwdkif;qufvufoGm;onf/ (*v 3;24-25) þtaMumif;t&m\"r®opfusrf;pHjyusrf;ydk'frsm;rSm *v 3;1-29 ESifh a[NAJMo0g'pmwdkYjzpfonf/ þtaMumif;aqG;aEG;&müusrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmjzifh tjywfqHk;jzwfcsuf,l&onf/ aygvkonf"r®a[mif;usrf;udkenf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,meftoufwmtaMumif;aqG;aEG;onfh tcg"r®a[mif;usrf;rSmbk&m;ocif\zGifhjyrIjzpfonf/ (a&mr 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ odkYaomf u,fwifjcif;taMumif;aqG;aEG;onfhtcgürl4if;rSmqdwfokOf;oGm;í ukefqHk;cJhNyDjzpfonf/ (a[NAJ 8;13)/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf"r®a[mif;usrf;rSmacwfa[mif;tm;wifpm;azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ a,½ItxJ ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhqdkifaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;rSm0dnmOfawmf\acwfopfjzpfonf/ ynwfw&m; awmf\acwfumvrSmukefvGefcJhayNyD/ txl;taMumif;t&m / / ara&S\ynwfw&m;tay: aygvk\tjrifudk 13;9 üMunfhyg/ NASB, NKJV ]]taMumif;rlum;,HkMunfolwk dif;ajzmifhrwfap&ef}}

NRSV ]],HkMunfolwdkif;twGufaj zmifhrwfjcif;&Sdap&ef}}

TEV

]],HkMunfolwdkif;bk&m; ocifESifhrSefuefap&ef}}

]],HkMunfjcif;&Sdo lwdkif;ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&&Sdap&ef}} tcef;BuD; 9-11 udktm;vHk;aygif;íteufjyef&ayrnf/ tcef;BuD; 9 üjyif;xefpGmazmfjyonfh bk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmtm;txl;jyKjcif;udktcef;BuD; 10 ü,HkMunfoltm;vHk;udkac:zdwf jcif;ESifh twlwif;rmpGmpGJudkifxm;&ygrnf/(i,f 4?9?11?13/ 3;22/ 4;11?16) vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;udkbk&m;ocifcspfaMumif;ESifha&G;EIwf&ef&nf&G,fcsufudkurÇm 3;15 üazmf jyum urÇm 12;3 ESifh xGuf 19;5-6 wkdYüjyif;xefpGmqkdvdkonf/ vlom;tm;vHk;ay:bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfESifhvlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;tm;aygif;pnf;&efpDrHcsufukdya&mzufrsm;rMumcPa[mcJhMuonf/ bk&m;ocifwpfqlwnf;&Sdum vlom;tm;vHk;rdrdo@meftwkdif;zefqif;onf [laomtjzpfrSefonf vlom;tm;vHk;u,fwifjcif;&&efac:zdwfrIjyKaponf/ rnfodkYjzpfapvsdKU0SufcsufrSm0dnmOfawmf\vkyf aqmifrIryg&SdygurnfolrQwHkUjyefrIrjyKEdkif[laomtcsufjzpfonf/(a,m 6;44?65) 4if;aemufay:vm onfhar;cGef;rSm]]bk&m;ocifonfvlwdkif;udku,fwifjcif;&&efqJGaqmifygoavm}} [líjzpfonf/ t ajzrSm]][kwfygonf}} [líjzpf&ygrnf/ (a,m 3;16/ 4;42/ 1a,m 2;2/ 4;14/ 1wd 2;4/ 2ay 3;9)/ rMumcPay:vmaomtjypf\½l;rdkufjcif;? usqif;jcif;ESifh pmwefwdkYurlxkd]]odkYr[kwf}}[kkkqkdMuonf/ aygvkw&m;a[monfhtcg *sL;tcsdKUwHkYjyefcJhMuNyD;tcsdKUurlrwHkUjyefcJhMuacs/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;wdkY vnf;xdkenf;wltcsdKUwHkUjyef? tcsdKUaomolwdkYurlwHkUjyefjcif;rjyKcJhMuacs/

NJB

]],HkMunfonf}} [laom*&dpum;vHk; (pisteuo) udkt*Fvdyfpum;vHk;rsm;jzpfonfh ]]believe}} ]]faith}} ESifh ]]trust}} oHk;rsdK;jzifhbmomjyefMuonf/ 4if;rSmypöKyÜefumvjyBud,mjzpfNyD; qufvuf ,HkMunfoGm;jcif;udkac:onf/ 4if;rSmtjzpfrSefrsm;tm;todtrSwfjyKjcif;oufoufr[kwfbJ ("r®o abmw&m;? ordkif;0iftao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;? owif;aumif;Mum;&jcif; c&pfawmfrSwpfqifh bk&m;ocifay;onfh vufaqmifudkvufcHjcif;jzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;rSmy#dnOfw&m;jzpfonf/ bk&m; ocifonftpDtpOfcsrSwfumvkdtyfaomwHkUjyefrIrsm;tpcsDaomfvnf;? vlwpfOD;csif;wkdYonftpjyK ,HkMunfjcif;ESifhaemifwjzifhwHkUjyef&rnfjzpfNyD; qufvuf,HkMunfumaemifw&oGm;&efjzpfonf/ emcH jcif;ESifhpGJNrJjcif;wdkYonf ppfrSefjcif;&Sdr&SdqHk;jzwfonf/ c&pfawmfESifhwlnDjcif;ESifhtrIawmfwdkYrSmyef; wkdifjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&dBud,mrsm;\umvjyyk'frsm;/ u,fwifjcif;[lonfxkwfvkyfvdkufaomt&mr[kwfbJqufqHa&;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ u,fwif jcif;rSmvlwpfa,mufc&pfawmfudkrdrd\udk;pm;&mjyKvdkufonfESifhNyD;oGm;onfr[kwfacs/ 4if;rSmtpjyK vdkufjcif;rQomjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmrD;tmrcHoabmrsdK; (odkY) aumif;uifbHkrSm aexdkif&efvufrSwfrQom r[kwfbJ/c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;üBuD;xGm;aomtouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHjzpfonf/ tar&duefütqdkwpf&yf&Sd&m ZeD;armifESHwkdYtdrfaxmifouf&vmonfESifhtrQ ½kyfcsif;ydkí qifwlvm Muonf[líjzpf\/ 4if;rSmu,f wifjcif;\yef;wkdifwnf;/ NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonfhu,fwifjcif; ( AORIST ) wrefawmf 15;11

a&mr 8;24 2wdarmao 1;9 wdwk 3;5

a&mr 13;11 (ESifhtem*wfudkOD;wnfcsufxm;onf)jzpfwnfaeaomtajctaewpf&yfjzpf onfhu,fwifjcif;/ (PERFECT) {zuf 2;5?8 qufvufaeaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckjzpfonfhu,fwifjcif;(ypöKyÜef)

1aum&dEÅK 1;18/ 15;2 2aum&dEÅK 2;15

1ayw½k 3;21 tem*wfüNyD;jynfhpHkrnfhu,fwifjcif; (Bud,mjyyk'ftm;jzifh odkYr[kwf usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabm tm;jzifhtem*wf)

a&mr 5;9?10/ 10;9?13/ 1aum&dEÅK 3;15/ 5;5/ zdvdyÜd 1;28/ 1oufomavmed 5;89/ a[NAJ 1;14/ 9;28/ 1ayw½k 1;5?9

xkdYaMumifhu,fwifjcif;onf,HkMunfjcif;jzifh qHk;jzwfjcif; wpfckESifh tpjyKonf rSefaomfvnf; (a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ a&mr 10;9-13) ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhtouf&SifaomyHkpHvrf;pOfwpfckjzpfay:ap&rnfjzpf (a&mr 8;29/ *v 3;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 2;10)um? wpfaeYaomtcgusvQifrsufjrifNyD;jynfhpHkvmvdrfhrnf/ (1a,m 3;2)/ þaemufqHk;tqifhudkbkef;BuD;apjcif;? csD;ajr§mufjcif;[kac:onf/ 4if;udkatmufyg twdkif;&Sif;jyEkdifonf/

1/ tpjyKbkef;BuD;apjcif;?csD;ajr§mufjcif;-ajzmifhrwfjcif; (tjypf\'PfrSu,fwifjcif;)

2/ wdk;wufaeaomu,fwifjcif;-oefU½Sif;jcif;(tjypf\wefcdk;rSu,fwifjcif;)

3/ aemufqHk;u,fwifjcif;-bkefMuD;apjcif;(tjypf½Sd&mt&yfrSu,fwifjcif;)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ /10;5-13

5taMumif;rlum;arma½Sa&;onfrSmynwfw&m;awmfay: tajcjyKaomajzmifhrwf jcif;udkusifhaomolonfxdkajzifhr wfjcif;tm;jzifhtouf½Sifvdrfhrnf/ 6odkYaomf,HkMunf jcif;ay:tajcjyKaomajzmifhrwfjcif;uajymonfrSm ]]aumif;uifodkYb,folwufvdrfhrnf enf;[koifhESvHk; om;xJürajymESifh/ (4if ;rSmc&pfawmfudkrnfol ,laqmifvmrnfenf;[kqdk vdkonf)

7odkYr[kwfeuf½Idif;&mt&yfxJokdYrnfolqif; vdrfhrnfenf;[krajymESifh/ (4if;rSm c&pfawmfudkaoaom olrsm;teufrSrn folxapvdrfhrnfenf ;[kqdkvdkonf) 8odkYaomf 4if;uyifrnfuJhodkYajymoenf;¿ EIwfuywf awmfonfoifwdkYES ifheD;íoifwdkY\EIwfESifh oifwkdY\pdwfESvHk;xJü&Sdonf [kqkd\/ 4if;rSmigwdkYa[maj ymaom EIwfuywfawmfudkajym jcif;jzpfonf/ 9a,½Iudkt&Sifociftjzpfoif\EIwftm ;jzifh0efcHumbk&m;ocifonf olYudk aoaomolrsm;teufrSxapon f[koifhESvHk;xJü ,H kMunfyguu,fwifjcif;&vdrfhrnf/ 10taMumif;rSmvlwpfa,mufonf pdwfESvHk;jzifh,HkMunfygu ajzmifhrwfapjcif;&umEIwf jzifh0efcHyguu,fwifjcif;&aponf/ 11taMumif;rl um;or®musrf;pmajymonfrSm ]]olYudk ,HkMunfolwkdif;pdwfysufj cif;rcH&[líjzpf\/}} 12taMumif;rSm *sL;vlrsdK ;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;tMum; uGJjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sdacs/ taMumif;rSmudk,f awmfukdac:aomol wdkif;twGuf aus;Zl;awmf <u,f0awmfrlolt&Sif onfyifolwdkYtm;vHk; \udk,fawmfjzpf\/ 13taMumif;rlum;udk,f awmf\emrawmfudkac:aomolwkdi f;u,fwifjcif;&vdrfhrnf/

10;5 þtcef;i,fü xGuf 18;5 udk&nfñTef;onf/ 4if;\uwdawmfrSmaocsmonf/ wpfpHkwpf a,mufonfynwfw&m;awmfudkvdkufEdkifcJhrnfqdkvQifxkdoludkbk&m;ocifvufcHvdrfhrnf/ (vkum 10;28/ *v 3;12)/ jyóemrSm a&mr 3;9?10-18?19?23/ 5;18/ 11;32 üazmfjyrItrSefpifppfjzpfae

jcif;yif/ vlom;tm;vHk;tjypfjyKMuonf/ tjypfjyKol(soul )aoqHk;&vdrfhrnf/ (urÇm 1;17/ w&m; 30;18/ a,Z 18;4?20)/ þy#dnOfw&m;a[mif;vrf;tm;ydwfypfcJhNyDjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmao'PfpD&if aomusdefqJjcif;wpf&yfjzpfvmcJhon (7;10/ *v 3;13/ aum 2;14) / 10;6-8 4if;üSeptuagint (LXX) \w&m;a[m 30;11-14 tm;&nfñTef;onf/ aygvkonfxkdusrf; ydk'fudkrdrd&nf&G,fcsuftwGufqDavsmfpGmoHk;onf/ þusrf;ydk'fudkynwfawmftm;&nfñTef;umarma&S ajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ (þusrf;ydk'f\usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmonfcspfjcif;arwåmESihf ESvHk;om; ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;taMumif;tm;pl;pdkufajymjcif;jzpfonf/ w&m;a[m30;6?16?20)/ odkYaomf4if;udk þae&m wGifa,½I\vl0ifpm;jcif;? taocHjcif;ESifh jyef&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;tm;ajymjcif;tjzpf oHk;onf/ (i,f 9/ {zuf 4;9-10) aygvkajymvdkaomtcsufrSm ar&Sd,t&Sifa,½Iudk ,HkMunfjcif;rSwqifhu,fwifjcif;&EdkifNyD[líjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 30;15-20)/ 4if;rSmvG,ful onf/ &&SdEdkifonf/ tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ ara&S\w&m;pD&ifa&;ynwådusrf;ESifh vGefpGmuJGjym; jcm;em;onf/ 10;6

]]odkYaomf,HkMunfjcif;ay:tajcjyKa omajzmifhrwfjcif;w& m;u ajymonfrSm}} aygvkonf apmapmü]]tjypf}}? ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} ESifh or®musrf;pmwkdUudkvluJhodkYwifpm;cJhNyD/ ,ckwpfcg ]],HkMunf jcif;tm;jzifhajzmifhrwfjcif;}} udkvnf;vluJhodkYwifpm;vkdufonf/ 4if;onf"r®a[mif;usrf;tm;udk;um; onfhti,f 6?7 ESifh 8 wdkYüpum;ajymonf/

]]pdwfESvHk;}} ESvHk;onfvl\Zmwd^twåudkxif[yfaponf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 1;24 üMunfhyg/

]]wufonf...qif;onf}} vlom;wkdYonfc&pfawmfudkr&SmcJhMu/ bk&m;ocifonfolUudkvlom; wkdif;twGuftrsm;jynfoltxJapvTwfcJhJNyD/ vlom;rsm;\&SmazGrIrvdktyfacs/

10;8 ]]EIwfuywfawmfonfoifESifheD;onf}} 4if;üw&m;a[m 30;14 udkudk;um;onf/ w&m;a[m 30;11 ütav;teufajymonfrSmrdrd\vlrsdK;awmftpöa&;twGufYHWH \tvdkawmfrSmodEdkifaom t&mjzpfonf[líjzpf\/ (i,f 12-13)/ aygvkonfþowif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm;csufjcif;& EdkifyHkudktav;teufjyK&eftqdkygusrf;ydk'fudkoHk;onf/(i,f 11-14) 10;9 ]]vQif^ygu}} 4if;rSmwwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gustrsdK;tpm;jzpfum tem*wfüjyKEdkifajct vm;tvm&SdaomvkyfaqmifrIudkqdkvdkonf/ ti,f 9 rSm(hoti)pum;vHk;ygaomowif;pum;jzpfonf/ ]]0efcH}} 4if;rSmaygif;pyfpum;vHk; homologeo jzpfNyD;rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm]]ajymonf}} ]]twlwl}} [lí jzpfNyD;]]tay:wif^vlod&SifMum;oabmwlnDonf}} (tjcm;olrsm;Mum;Edkif&eftoHus,fpGmajymonf) [kqdkvdkonf/ c&pfawmftm;,HkMunfaMumif;tay:wif0efcHjcif;rSmvGefpGmta&;BuD;onf/ (róJ 10;32/ vkum 12;8/ a,m[ef 9;22/ 12;42/ 1w 6;12/ 1a,m 2;23/ 4;15) ueOD;toif;awmfü vlod&SifMum;0efcHrIrSma&ESpfr*FvmcH,ljcif;jzpfonf/ ar;jref;cHolonfc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfudk;pm; aMumif;tm; ]]a,½Ionft&SifjzpfaMumif;uREkfyf,HkMunfygonf}} [líEIwfjzifh0efcHjyoonf/ atmuf tygtaMumif;t&mudkMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 0efcHjcif; u/ 0efcHjcif; (0g) t"dXgefjyKjcif;twGufoHk;aom*&drl&if;pum;vHk; homolegeo ESifh exomologe [lí&Sdonf/ aygif;pyfpum;vHk;yHkpHrSmtwlwuG[lít"dyÜg,f&Sdaom homo rSqif;ouf onf/ lego ajymonfESifh ex (xJrS- out of )udkaygif;pyfonf/ rlvtajccHt"dyÜg,frSm wlnDaomt&mudkajymonf/ oabmwlnDonf[líjzpf\/ trsm;oligodatmifaMumfjimjcif; oabmtwGuf ex udk jznfhpGufonf/

c/ þpum;vHk;tkyfpkrsm;\t"dyÜg,frSm

1/ csD;rGrf;onf

2/ oabmwlonf

3/ aMumfjimonf (róJ 7;23)

4/ t"dXgefjyKonf

5/ 0efcHonf

*/ þpum;vHk;tkyfpküqefYusifbufESifhwlaomtoHk;tEIef;ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/

1/ bk&m;ocifudkcsD;rGrf;jcif;

2/ tjypfudk0efcHjcif;

þpum;vHk;wdkYonfvlom;ubk&m;ocif\oefY&Sif;jcif;? rdrdonftjypfESifhjynfh aMumif;cHpm;od&Sd&mrSay:aygufvmjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ wpfckudktodtrSwfjyKjcif;onfESpfck pvHk;tm;todtrSwfjyK jcif;rnfayonf/

C/ þpum;vHk;tkyfpktm;"r®opfusrf;üoHk;EIef;yHkrSm-

1/ uwday;&eff(roJ 14;7/ wref 7;17/)

2/ wpfpHkwpfcktm;oabmwljcif;(a,m 1;20? vkum 22;6/ wref 24;14/ a[jAJ11;13)

3/ csD;rGrf;&ef(roJ11;25/ vkum10;21/ a&mr14;11/ 15;9/ 4/ oabmwlonf(to assent to)

(u) vlwpfa,muftm;(roJ10;32/ vkum12;8/ a,m9;22/ 12;42/ a&mr10;9/ zd2;11/ 1a,m2;23/ Asm3;5)/

(c) or®mw&m;wpf&yf(wref23;8/ 2aum11;13/ 1a,m4;2)

5/ vlod½SifMum;aMumfjimonf

(w&m;Oya'qdkif&moabmrSbmoma&;twnfjyK jcif;jzpfvmonf/ wref24;14/ 1wd6;16)

(u) tjypfuif;pifapjcif;(1wd6;12/ a[jAJ10;23)

(c) tjypftm;cGihfjyKjcif; (roJ3;6/ wref19;18/ a[jAJ4;14/ ,mukyf 5;16/ 1a,m1;9)

NASB ]]a,½Itm;t½Sifociftjzpf}}

NKSB ]]t½Sifocifa,½I}}

NRSV,TEV

NJB ]]a,½Ionft½Sifocifjzpfonf/ }} 4if;rSmueOD;toif;awmf\,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m0efcHrIESifha&ESpfr*FvmjyKjcif;wdkYüyg0ifaom "r®oabmw&m;jzpfonf/ (a,mv2;32/ wref2;32-33/36/ 10;36/ 1aum 12;3/ 2aum4;5/ zd2;11/aum2;6) rSnfhac:aomemrnfa,½Ionfordkkif;0ifvlom;jzpfjcif;twnfjyKonf/ (1a,m4;1-

3)/ xdktwnfjyKcsufonfwynfhawmfjzpf&efc&pfawmfESifh wlnD&efac:zdwfrItm;twnfjyKjcif; oabmvnf;jzpfonf/ t½Sifocif- Lord tm;oHk;jcif;onf*sL;&AÁdq&mMuD;rsm;u or®musrf;pmzwf&mü YHWH tm; Adon [ktpmxdk;rIESifhqufpyfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;emrawmf 9;29üMunfhyg/ ti,f13ü½Sdonf/ a,v2;32 tmudk;um;jcif;onf4if;udktwnfjyKonf/ a,½Itm;wefcdk;MuD;aombGJUemrawmftawmfrsm;rsm;ay;tyfonf/ 1/a,½IrSmar½Sd,^c&pfawmfjzpfonf-wref5;42/ 9;22/ 17;3/ 18;5?28/ 1aum1;23 2/a,½Ionfbk&m;ocif\om;awmfjzpfonf/ -roJ4;3?6/ wref9;20/ 13;33/ a&mr1;4/ 3/a,½IrSmt½Sifocifjzpfonf-txufüMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / udk,fawmf\emrawmf

4if;onftoif;awmfüoHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;onf

yk*¾dKvftm;jzifhtwl½Sdaejcif;ESifhtvkyfvkyf aomwefcdk;awmftwGuf"r®opfusrf;wpfckvHk;üoHk;aompum;pkwpfckjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif \p½dkufawmfudkaz:jy&mpum;yHkjzpfonf/ þpum;pkonfa,½IrSmt½SifocifjzpfaMumif;&nfñTef;avh½Sdonf/ (zd2;11)

1/ a,½Itm,HkMunfaMumif;a&ESpfr*FvmcH&mü0efcHjcif;(a&mr 10;9-13/ wref2;38/8;12? 16/

10;48/ 19;5/ 22;16/ 1aum 1;13? 15/ ,mukyf 2;7)

2/ ewfqdk;armif;xkwf&mü (róJ 7;22/ rmuk 9;38/ vkum 9;49/ 10;17/ wref 19;13)/

3/ a&m*gaysmufuif;ap&mü (wref 3;6? 16/14;10/ 9;34/ ,mukyf 5;14)

trIawmfjyK&mwpfckü (róJ 10;42/ 18;5/ vkum 9;48)/

toif;awmfpnf;urf;Muyfrwf&mü (róJ 18;15-20)

wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tm;a[majym&mü (vkum 24;47/ wref 9;15/ 15;17/ a&mr 1;5)/

qkawmif;&mü (a,m 14;13-14/ 15;2? 16/ 16;23/ 1aum1;2)

c&pf,mefrsm;tm;&nfñTef;jcif; (wref 26;9/ 1aum 1;10/ 2wd 2;19/ ,mukyf 2;7/ 1ay4;14)/

uRefawmfwkdYonfa[majymolrsm;taejzifhjzpfap? trIawmfaqmifrsm;taejzifhjzpfap? ulnDrp olrsm;taejzifhjzpfap? tema&m*gaysmufuif;apolrsm;? ewfqkd;armif;xkwfolrsm; ... pojzifh vkyfav&mwdkif;üp½dkufawmfwefcdk;awmf rpaxmufyHhawmfrljcif;wnf;[laomemrawmftm; jzifh jyKMu\!

]]oif\ pdwfE SvHk;xJü,HkMunf}} þpum;pkonf 0efcHjcif;ESifh tvm;wljzpfNyD; ,HkMunfjcif;\ rsufESmpmwpfzufudkjyonf/ or®musrf;pmenf;us ]],HkMunfonf}} (pistis tm;txl;taMumif;t&m 4;3ESifh 4;5 wdkYüMunfhyg) pum;vHk;üatmufygwdkYyg0ifonf/ 1/ vlyk*¾dKvfukd,fwdkifjzifh tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif; (a[NAJ)

2/ todOmPfygifonf (*&d)

3/ qE´tavQmufqufvufaom qufuyftyfESHjcif; (w&m;a[m 30;20) pdwfESvHk; (heart)[laoma0g[m&udk "r®a[mif;oabmjzifh vlyk*¾dKvfwpfckvHk; (cE©m? pdwf) t"dyÜg,fjzifhoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ]]EIwf}} ESif ]]pdwfESvHk;}} wdkYtm;þusrf;ykd'füoHk;jcif;rSm ti,f 8 üudk;um;onfhw&m;a[m 30;14 udkyifudk;um;íjzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufonfu,fwif jcif;&&eftoHus,fpGmqkawmif;&rnf[laomoabmr[kwfacs/ ]]bk&m;ocifonfoludkvlaorsm;teufrSxaponf}} c&pf,mefonfa,½ItrSefpifppf&Sifjyef xajrmufjcif; tay:tajcjyKonf/ (4;24/ 8;11/ 1aum 15)/ ¤if;rSmwrefawmfrsm;\a[majymcsuf rsm;A[dkcsufor®mw&m;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / a[majymjcif; kerygma 1;2ü Munfhyg/ wrefawmf 2;31-32/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30/ 37)/ om;awmftm;jyefxapjcif;rSm a,½I\b0toufwm? ol\oGefoifrIrsm;ESifh oljyKaomylaZmf rIwkdYudkrdrdvufcHaMumif;twnfjyKoufaoxljcif;jzpfonf/ a,½I\jyef&SifxajrmufrlüoHk;yg;wpfql \yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;pvHk;yg0ifaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ütwnfjyKonf/ 1/ crnf;awmf wref 2;24/ 3;15/ 4;10/ 5;30/ 10;40/ 13;30?33? 34? 37/ 17;31/ a&mr 6;4?9/ 8;11/ 10;9/ 1aum 6;14/ 2aum 4;14/ *vm 1;1/ {zuf 1;20/ aum 2;12/ 1ouf 1;10/ 2/ 0dnmOfawmf - a&mr 8;11

3/ om;awmf-a,m 2;19-22/ 10;17-18/ 10;10 ]]ajzmi fhrwfaponf}} ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;twGufbk&m;ocif\yef;wdkifrSm wpfaeYusvQif aumif;uifbHkrSmae&efrQomr[kwfbJ? ,ckyifc&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf! BudKwifcefYxm;jcif; taMumif;tjcm;cdkifrmaomusrf;ydk'fwpfckjzpfonf/ {zuf 1;3-14üti,f 4 wGif þor®mw&m;udk wefcdk;BuD;pGmtcdkiftrmajymonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;udk oefY&Sif;ap&efESifh tjypfwifp&muif;ap&efa&G; aumufjcif;jzpfonf! a&G;aumufjcif;onfMo0g'r[kwfbJ touf&SifyHk&Sifenf;jzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 30;15-20)/

ti,f 10 onftav;teufjyKjcif;ESpfrsdK;yg0ifonhf r[mapckdif;jcif; (róJ 18;19-20) udk xif[yfonf/ u,fwifjcif; (wjynfhawmfrsm;jzpfum)ESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; (oifwkdYudkigay;aom ynwfcsufrsm;tm;vHk;vkdufem&efoGefoifyg)jzpfonf/ þuJhodkYaom tvm;wlo[mZmwjzpfrIudk {zuf 2;8-9 üawGU&onf/ tusifhjyK&ef bk&m;ocif\ac:zdwfjcif;? {zuf 2;10 jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ oP²mefawmfaqmifolrsm;ü tvdkawmfudkvnf;jrif&avh&Sdonf/ 10;11 ¤if;rSm a[&Sm 28;16 tm;udk;um;NyD; ]]rnfolrqdk}} pum;pkudkaygvkjznfhpGufonf/ a[&Sm, übk&m;ocif\wdkufaxmifhtjrpfausmuf (9;32-33) jzpfolar&Sd,ud udk;tpm;&mjyKjcif;tm; &nfñTef;onf/ a&mr 9 onfbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmudktxl;jyKonfenf;wl tcef;BuD; 10 onf vlwpfOD;csif;wdkY\vkdtyfcsufjzpfaomrnfolrqdk? vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf c&pfawmf tm;wHkYjyefrIjyK&eftxl;jyKajymonf/ wpfurÇmvHk;tm;ay;urf;aMumif;ti,f 4 &Sd ]]vlwdkif;}} ti,f 11?13 ü ]]rnfolrqdk}} ESifh ti,f 12 (ESpfcg) ]]tm;vHk;}} pum;vHk;rsm;onf &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf! 4if;rSm tcef;BuD; 9 &Sda&G;cs,fjcif; (BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;)ESifh "r®opfoabmt&csdefcGifhvQm nDaejcif;jzpfonf/

]]olYudk,HkMunf}} 4if;rSm0dbwf epi ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ (4;24/ 9;33/ 1wd 1;16)/ ,HkMunfjcif;[lonftpjyKwHkYjyefjcif;rQomr[kwfbJu,fwifjcif;twGuf quf vufvkdtyfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmu,fwifjcif;ay;aomrSefuefonfh"r®oabmw&m; (rSefuefaom{0H a*vdowif;aumif;) bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaomtouf&Sifjcif; (touf&Sifaom{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;) yHkpHjzpfay:apaomyk*d¾Kvfcsif;qufqHa&; (yk*d¾Kvfowif;aumif;) jzpfonf/ or®mw&m;ESifh b0 toufwmcGJxkwfum? ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifhoefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;tm;oD;jcm;cJGxkwfonfh vG,fulaom {0Ha*vd0g'udkowdxm;yg/ u,fwifaom,HkMunfjcif;onfpGJNrJNyD;ajymif;vJoGm;apaom,HkMunfjcif; rsdK;jzpfonf ! xm0&toufüjrifomaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;&Sdonf! txl;taMumif;t&m/ / ,HkMunfonf-4;5 üMunfhyg/

NASB, TEV ]]pdwfysufjcif;rcH&}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]&SufaMumufjcif;rcH&}}

NJB ]]&SufaMumufp&mta Mumif;r&Sd&}}

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1/

*sL;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;üjcm;em;jcif;r&Sd/ tm;vHk;aysmufqHk;Muonf/(3;9?19?22-23/ 11;32)

2/ *sL;ESifh*&dvlrsdK;üjcm;em;jcif;r&Sd/ tm;vHk;u,fwifjcif;&Edkifonf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onfu,fwifjcif;u@ü vlom;qkdif&mtwm;tqD;tm;vHk;z,f&Sm; onf/ (a,mv 2;28-29/ 1aum 12;13/ *v 3;28/ aum 3;11)/

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9;14?21/ 22;16/ 1aum 1;2/ 2wd 2;22 wdkdYüawGU&onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ ac:onf- 1;6 üMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 10;14-15

14odkYjzpfvQifrdrdwdkY,HkMunfoludk rnfuJhodkYac:Murnfenf;¿ rM um;&aomoludkrnfodkY ,HkMunfMurnfenf;¿ a[majymolr&S dvQif rnfodkYMum;Murnfenf;¿ 15apvTwfolr&Sdygu rnfodkYa[majymMurnfenf;¿ or®musrf;pm xJa&;om;xm;onfum; ]]aumif;aomt&mrsm; taMumif;owif;aumif;,lvmolrsm;\ajc wdkYonf rnfrQvSyoenf;[líjzpf\/ 10;14-15 / "r®a[mif;usrf;udk;um;csufrsm;onf YHWH \owif;pum;rsm; (0g) owif;,l aqmifvmolrsm;udk(ae[rd 9/ wref 7) wHkYjyefrIrjyKcJhbl;Mu[kqdkojzifhar;cGef;rsm;woDwwef;BuD; jzpfay:aponf/ bk&m;ocifonfowif;ydkYolrsm;apvTwfavh&Sdonf/ (ya&mzufrsm;? wrefawmfrsm;? w&m;a[molrsm;? {0Ha*vdq&mrsm;)/ þowif;ydkYaqmifolrsm;rSmvkdtyfaom urÇmtwGuf aumif;csD;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonfowif;aumif;ydkYaqmifolrsm;udkapvTwfonfESifh tnD Mum;emolrsm;onf owif;pum;udkaumif;rGefvHkavmufpGmwHkYjyefMu&rnfjzpfonf/ aygvkonf a[&Sm 52;7 udkudk;um;íþtcsufudktwnfjyKonf/ aygvkonfþ"r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'ftm;owif; aumif;a[mMum;olrsm;udk&nfñTef;jcif;tjzpfoHk;onf/ u,fwifjcif;ay;aom,HkMunfjcif;ütaMumif;jcif;&mtawmfrsm;rsm;yg0ifonf/ (1) ,HkMunf &efowif;pum; (2) vufcHrI&&Sdrnfhyk*¾dKvf (3) tpjyKumqufvufoGm;aomaemifwESifh ,HkMunf jcif;tm;jzifhwHkYjyefrI (4) emcHaomtoufwmESifh (5) pGJNrJjcif;(1;5 \rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/) wkdYjzpf onf/

10;15 4if;rSma[&Sm 52;70 udkudk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSma&mrusrf;\r[mapcdkif;csufjzpf onf/ u,fwifjcif;onfowif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;udkMum;&jcif;ESifh {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; tm;vufcH jcif;jzpfonf/ ]]vltm;vHk;wdkY}}u,fwifjcif;&ap&ef a[majymolrsm;udkapvTwfonf/ tcsdKY*&da&S;a[mif;vufa&;usrf;wdkYü (MSS Aleph2, D, F, G ESifhtjcm;trsm;tjym;) LXX \ a[&Sm, 52;7 udkjznfhpGufMuonf/ UBS4 onfydkrdkwdkawmif;aomrl&if;pmudk]]A}}(aocsm) tqifh owfrSwfonf/

NASB, NKJV NRSV, NJB ]]olwdkY\ajcrsm;rnfrQvSoenf;}} TEV ]]vmMujcif;onfrnfrQxl;jrwfoenf;}}

NET ]]a&muf&Sdvmjcif;rSmr nfrQtcsdefawmfoenf;}}

NET atmufajcrSwfpk]]rSefaomtcsdef^tcGi fhaumif;tcgaumif;üvma&mufjcif;}}

]]vSyonf}} [laompum;vHk;udkwifpm;jcif;oabmoHk;jcif; jzpfumMunfhívSjcif;r[kwfbJ tcsdefumvudkajymjcif;jzpfonf/ NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 10;16-17

16rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYtm;vHk;owif ;aumif;rem;axmifcJhMua cs/ taMumif;rSma[&Smu ]]xm0&bk&m;&Sif? uRefawmf wdkYa[mMum;onfudkrnfol,HkMu nfcJhygoenf;}} [kajym\/

17xdkYaMumifh,HkMunfjcif;onfMum;&jcif;rSvmum Mum;emjcif;onfc&pfawmf\ EIwfuygwf pum;awmfrSvm\/

10;16 rlvtm;jzifhtpöa&;twGuf YHWH \owif;pum;udk&nfñTef;aom"r®a[mif;\tem*wåd pum;rsm;udkar&Sd,t&Sifa,½I\ owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm;&nfñTef;&efaygvkaemufwpfcg jyefoHk;onf/ "r®a[mif;acwf*sL;rsm;onfbk&m;ocif\owif;pum;udkjiif;qefcJhMuonfenf;wl aygvkacwf*sL;rsm;onf4if;udkjiif;qefcJhMu\/ 4if;onfa[&Sm 53;1 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; "r®oabmt&a[&Sm 6;9-13 üyg&Sdaombk&m;ocif\owif;pum;tm;jiif;qefjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ 10;17 owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;onftpyxrü owif;pum;jzpfonf/ (*v 3;2)/ odkYaomf a[majymaomowif;pum;onf yk*¾dKvf\pum; ]]vufcHaomc&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}} (awm 3;15-16) jzpfvmonf/

]]c&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}} usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmt& þpum;onfc&pf awmftaMumif;a[majymrItm;&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfayrnf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[mjcif;rSm bk&m; ocifonfurÇmBuD;tm;c&pfawmftxJrSay;prf;aomt&mu o,fydkYay;jcif;enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ þtcsufüa&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrff;rluGJwpfck&Sdonf/

1/ MSS P46, Aleph*, B, C, D wkdYü]]c&pfawmf\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}}

2/ MSS Alephc, A, Dc, K, P wkdYü]]bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfpum;awmf}} [líjzpfonf/ eHygwfwpfrSmtawGU&tenf;qHk;jzpfojzifh (aum 3;16) rl&if;jzpfEkdifacs&Sdonf/ (4if;rSm rl&if;pmtjiif;yGg;rI\tajccHtcsufrsm;teufwpfckjzpfonf) USB4 onf4if;udk]]A}}tqifh (aocsm) owfrSwfonf/ 4if;udk"r®opfusrf;üwpfae&mwnf;wGifawGU&onf/ 'kwd,pum;vHk; ]]bk&m;ocif \EIwfuywffawmf}} udkrltBudrfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;awGU&onf/ (vkum 3;2/ a,m 3;34/ {zuf 6;17/ a[NAJ 6;5/ 11;3)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 10;18-21

18odkYaomfigqdkonfum;olwdkYMum; cJhMu&NyDr[kwfavm/ olwdkY trSefyifMum;cJh&NyD/ ]]olwdkYtoHonfajrBuD;wpfjyifvHk ;üjyefYESHYcJhNyD; olwdkUpum;on urÇmhwpfzufpGef;wkdifatmif a&mufcJhNyD/ 19odkYaomfigqdkonfum;tpöa&;onfrod&SdcJhoavm/ a&S;OD ;pGmarma&Sqdkonfum; vlrsdK;r[kwfaom trsdK;wpfrsdK;tm;jzifhoifwdkY udk igremvkdpdwf&Sdapu mem;vnfjcif;r&Sdaom vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;tm;jzifhoifwkd Yudkigpdwfqdk;aprnf[líjzpf\/ 20a[&Sm,onf&J&i fhpGmajymonf rSmighudkr&Smaomolrsm;onfighudkawGUMu\/ ightm;rar;jref;aomolrsm;ü igay:vGifxif&Sm; \[kqdk\/ 21tpöa&;vlrsdK;udkwzefrdefYawmfrlonfrS mem;raxmifbJ acgif;rmaomvlrsdK;wpf rsdK;odkYigonf wpfaeYvHk; ighvufudkqefY wef;&\[kqdk\/

10;18 þti,füajymonfrSm*sL;vlrsddK;trsm;pkwdkYonfowif;pum;udkMum;cJhMuum4if;udk jiif; qefjcif;twGufwm0ef&SdMuonf/ (tav;teufjiif;jcif;*&dpum;pkESpfvHk;jzpfonf/ tajz ]]r}} udkarQmfvifhonf/) jyóemrSmvpfvsL½Ijcif;r[kwfbJ wrifoufoufr,HkMunfrIjzpfonf/ aygvkonfqmvH 19;4 udk;um;onf/ þqmvHusrf;üti,f 1-6 wGifzefqif;jcif;rS wqifhbk&m;ocifpum;ajym&mobm0w&m;tm;jzifhzGifhjyrIjzpfonf/(a&mr 1-2)/ aygvkonf 1/ pBuFm0#mwpfckvHk;\oufaocHcsufESifh (]]ajrBuD;wjyifvHk;}} ESifh ]]urÇmwzuf pGef;wkdifatmif}})

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10;19-20 *sL;vlrsdK;wkdYonf arma&Stm;jzifh owif;awmfudkMum;cJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ (ti,f 18 ESifh 19 wdkY\rSmtajz ]]r}} udkarQmfvifhaomar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonfMum;cJhMu&NyDjzpf&m vlom;wdkif;tm;bk&m;ocifESifh rSefuefapjcif;taMumif;jzpfonfh,HkMunfjcif;yg0ifaom owif;pum; udkem;vnfEdkifpGrf;&SdcJhMuonf/ þtcef;i,frsm;ü bk&m;ocifonfwpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; yg0ifjcif;taMumif;tm;rdrd\ y#dnmOfcHvlrsdK;udkajymjyonf/ 4if;udkw&m;a[m 32;21 tm;ti,f 19 üvnf;aumif;? ti,f 2021 ü a[&Sm, 65;1-2 wkdYtm;udk;um;íaygvkazmfjyonf/ wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;taMumif; xdwfvefYbG,f&mþed*Hk;csKyfonf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;,HkMunfvmap&efEdI;qGay;jcif; (remvdkpdwf rSwqifh) jzpfonf/ (11;11?14)/ 10;21 þazmfjyajymqdkcsufudk Septuagint(LXX) \a[&Sm 65;2 rSudk;um;jcif;jzpfNyD; y#dnOfcHvlrsdK; awmfonf YHWH (a[&Sm 65;1-7)tm;jiif;qefcJhMujcif;ESihfqkdifonf/ bk&m;ocifrSmopöm&SdNrJ&SdNyD; tpöa&;rSmopömrJhNrJrJhaecJhonf/ olwdkY\r,HkMunfrIonftwdwfumvwGifwpfOD;csif;wkdYenf;wltrsdK; om;wpf&yfvHk;tm;,m,Dw&m;pD&ifjcif;cHaponf/ odkYaomfc&pfawmftm;,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh&aom bk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfjcif;tm;jiif;qefrIonfxm0&w&m;pD&ifjcif;cHap\/

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1/ bk&m;ocif\a&G;cs,frIonftqHk;jzwfay;onfqdkvQifaygvkonf 10;1 ütb,faMumifh tpöa&;twGufqkawmif;ay;cJhoenf;¿ 10;9-13 onftb,faMumifhvl\wHkYjyefrIvdktyfyHk þrQt av;teufajymoenf;¿

2/ ti,f 4 onfbmudkqdkvdkoenf;¿ c&pfawmfonfynwfw&m;awmfudktqHk;owfapcJho avm¿

3/ 10;9-10 txJüazmfjyyg&Sdonfh,HkMunfjcif;ürnfonfht&mrsm;yg0ifoenf;¿

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NJB ]]odkYaomfa&G;cs,folvltenf;i,frQuomvQif}} 4if;rSm"r®a[mif;t,ltq ]]t<uif;tusef}} jzpfum (txl;taMumif;t&m 9;27-28 üMunfh yg) þae&mü 3"r® 19;18 yg 7000 wkdYudk&nfñTef;onf/ aomhcsufrSmvlom;\BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI vlrsdK;EG,f (0g) bmoma&;udkif;½Idif;rIr[kwfbJ (i,f 6) a&G;aumufjcif;twGif;bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl; awmfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;3-14)/

]]usefaomolrsm;acgif;rmMu\}} 4if;rSmAORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ (2aum 3;14)/ bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkacgif;rmaponf[kqdkvdkonf/ (ti,f 8-10)/ pdwfrmapolrSm pmwefrm&fewfjzpfonf/ (2aum 4;4)/ ]]rmaponf }} (poroo) rSmaq;zufoHk;a0g[m&jzpfum

tom;rm;wwfjcif; (0g) rsufpduef;jcif;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 11;25/ 2aum 3;14/ {zuf4;18)/ þ a0g[m&udkyif rmuk 6;52 üwrefawmfrsm;ESifh qdkifíoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm 9;18 uuGJjym;jcm;em;aom *&da0g[m&jzpfum (sklērunŌ) *½kPmawmfESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf (a[NAJ 3;8? 15/ 4;7)/ 4if;rSmtvGef&Sif;vif;um 11;1-6 \tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ tcsdKUaomolwdkYonf a&G;cs,fcH um,HkMunfcJhMuonf/ a&G;cs,fjcif;rcHolrsm; acgif;rmMuonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þtcef;i,fudk "r® oabmw&m;a<u;aMumfoHtjzpfoD;jcm;a&;om;azmfjyjcif;r[kwfacs/ 4if;rSm "r®oabmw&m;qkdif&m usdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;rI\tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonfh or®mw&m;ESifh tcef;BuD; 10 utm;vHk;NcHKaomac:zdwfrIwdkYtMum;üwif;rmrI&Sdonf/ þae&müvQdKU0SufzHk;uG,frI &Sdonf/ odkYaomftajzrSm ESpfckpvHk;ñSdEdIif;&efr[kwfonfenf;wl ESpfoufp&mraumif;aom a&G;cs,f p&mESpfckjzpfonf qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,miftpGef;ESpfzuftm;ao;i,fcsHKUoGm;ap&efvnf;r[kwf acs/ 11;8-10 þtcef;i,frsm;udk a[&Sm, 29;10 (i,f 8)? w&m;a[m 29;4 (ti,f 8? odkYaomf a[NAJvufa&;usrf; MT odkYr[kwf LXX rSr[kwfacs/) ESifh qmvH 69;22-23 (i,f 9-11) wkdYrS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdYonf a[&Sm, 6;9-13 wGifykefuefoltpöa&;xHodkYa[&Sm,tm; apvTwf&efac:zdwfrItm;xif[yfaponf/ a[&Sm,onf bk&m;ocif\Asm'dwfawmfudk jyefMum; ay;rnfjzpfaomfvnf;bk&m;ocif\vlrsdK;onf rwHkYjyefEdkif? wHkYjyefjcif;rjyKvdkacs/ aygvkrSm 9;13?15?

17 wkdYrSm enf;wltcsdKUaomolwkdYudkbk&m;ocifrmaMumapjcif;twGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;udkpl;pdkufaejcif; jzpfonf/ 11;8

NASB, NKJV ]]bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudkrdkufr Jaompdwfay;\}}

NRSV, NJB ]]bk&m;ocifonf olwd kYudk xdkif;rdkif;aompdwfay;\}}

TEV ]]bk&m;ocifonf olwdkY \ pdwfESifhESvHk;tm;a wGa0rdkufrJaponf}} þ*&dpum;vHk; (katanuxis)udk "r®opfusrf;ü þae&müomoHk;um tvGeftm½Hkzrf;pm;jcif; jzifhpdwfudkxHkxdkif;aprItwGufoHk;onf/ 11;10 ]]olwkdYrsufpdrjrifapjcif;iSgarSmifrdkufapNyD;? olwkdYausmrsm;tpOfukef;ygap}} ¤if;rSm

AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE vdkufvmonfh AORIST PASSIVE IMPERATIVE wpfck jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSmbk&m;ocif\tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfESifh vlom;\wHkYjyefrIvdktyfyHk\ vQdKU0Suf zHk;uG,faomt&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf t&mcyfodrf;\rlv&if;jrpf? t&mcyfodrf; tm;tpjyKol jzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\tcsKyftcsmtmPmawmfjzifh trdefYxkwfjyefonfrSmrdrdzefqif;jcif;\ txG#f txdyfvlom;rsm;onfrdrdtm;vGwfvyfpGmwHkYjyefapvdkíjzpf\/ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkHYjyefrIrjyKol rsm;onfrdrdwdkY\r,HkMunfrItxJcdkifrmapjcif; (olwkdY\a&G;cs,frI? tqHk;owfjcif;jyKrI) cHMuonf/ 4if;ESifhwqufwnf;ü aygvkonftm'H\uav;rsm;tm;vHk;a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\xm0&tpD tpOfudkazmfjyonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;\r,HkMunfrIonf wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf ,HkMunfjcif;wHcg;zGifh ay;vdrfhrnfjzpfNyD;? tpöa&;vlrsdK;wdkY\ remvdkrIonfolwdkYukd e*dkrlvtajctaeoYdkjyefa&muf apvdrfhrnf! ¤if;rSmz,f&Sm;&ef pDrHcsufr[kwfbJ?yg0ifap&ef ({zuf2;11-3;13)pDrHcsufjzpfonf/ rmaMumjcif;onf ydkrkdBuD;rm;aom&dwfodrf;rItwGufjzpfonf/ (Oyrm -zg½dk)!

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 11;11-16

11odkYjzpfvQifigqdkonfum; tp öa&;vlrsKd;wdkYonf vJat mifcvkwfwdku fMuonfr[kwf avm ¿ rnfonfhtcgürQrjzpfEdkif&m ! odkYaomfolwkdY\vGefusL;rIaMumifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm; twGufu,fwifjcif;a&mufvm&m ¤if;rSmolwkdYudkremv dkpdwf&Sdap&efjzpfonf/ 12,ckolwkdY\ vGefusL;jcif;onf avmuDom; wdkYtwGuf<u,f0rIjzpfum? olwdkY\vJjcif;onfwpfyg; trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf <u,f0rIjzpfonfqdkvQifolwd kY\ jynfhpHkjcif;onf ydkíjzpfOD;rnfr[kwf avmh ! 13odkYaomfigonfwpfyg;trsdK;om;jzpfaom oifwkdYudkajymjcif;jzpf\/ wpfyg; trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonfE SifhtnD? ig\trIawmf vkyfief;udktrGrf;wif um? 14ig\trsdK;om;csif;rsm;udkwenf;enf;jzif remvdkpdwfjzpfapE dkifygujzpfapvQuf? tcsdKUaomolwkdYudku, fwifEdkif&efjzpfonf/ 15taMumif;rlum; olwdkYudkjiif;qefjcif;onf avmuDom;wdkYtwGuf jyefvnfoifh jrwfjcif;jzpfonfqdkvQif? olwdkYtm;vufcHjcif;onf aojcif;rStouf&Sifjcif;jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwfavm¿ 16tOD;e,faomrkYHoefY&Sif;vQif? rkefYpdrf; vnf;oeYf&Sif;onf/ tjrpfoefY&Sif;vQi f? tudkif;rsm;vnf;oefY&Sif;onf/ 11;11 ]]okYdjzpfvQif? igqdkonfum;}} ¤if;rSm 11;1 enf;wla[majymrIynmqdkif&mpum;pkjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm"r®oabmw&m;tm;usdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;&mwGif aygvkoHk;aomenf;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ ti,f 1-10 wGiftpöa&;tm;vHk;bk&m;ocifrjiif;y,faMumif;ajymum? ti,f 11-24 ürltpöa&;\jiif;y,f cHjcif;onftNrJr[kwfaMumif;ESif ¤if;rSm&nf&G,fcsufESifh jzpfaMumif;ti,f 11-24 üajymygonf/ ¤if;rSwpfqifh wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvmMuonf/

NASB ]]vJatmifcvkwfw kdufMuonfr[kwfavm¿ }}

NKJV,NRSV ]]vJ&rnftaMumif;cvkwf wdkufcJhMu NyDr[kwfavm ¿ }}

TEV ]]*sL;wdkYcvkwfwdku fonfhtcg ysufpD;&efvJMuonfr[kwfavm ¿ }}

NJB ]]*sL;wkdYtNrJvJcJhMuNyDavm o dkYr[kwf cvkwfwd kufrdMu½Hkoavm ¿ }} tajz ]]r}} udkarQmfvifhonf/ tpöa&;\r,HkMunfrIrSmtNrJr[kwfacs/

NASB ]]olwdkY\vGefusL;jcif;}}

NKJV ]]olwkdYvJjcif;rSwqifh}}

NRSV ]]olwdkYcvkwfwdkufrdjcif;rSwqifh}}

TEV ]]olwdkYtjypfjyKMujcif;aMumifh}}

NJB ]]olwkdY\vJjcif;}} usrf;pum;tquftpyft& ¤if;onfa,½Itm;ar&Sd, t&Siftjzpf*sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\ jiif;y,frI udk&nfñTef;onf/

]]wpfyg;trsdK;om;wdkYtwGu fu,fwifjcif;a&mufvmonf}} ¤if;onfyxr&mpkESpf *sL;rsm; twGuf rnfrQxdwfvefYbG,f&mazmfjyrIjzpfvdrfhrnfenf;/ (i,f 12/ wref 13;46/ 18;6/ 22;21/ 28;28)/

]]olwdkYudkremvdkpdwf&Sdap&ef}} 10;19 ESifh 11;14 wkdYüvnf; ]]remvdk}} [laoma0g[m& awGU&onf/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifvm&efbk&m;ocif\tpDtpOfü &nf&G,fcsufESpf&yf&Sdonf/

1/ vlom;pkwpf&yfvHk;tm;bk&m;ocifa&G;EIwfjcif;/

2/ aemifw&olt<uif;tusef tpöa&;tm;wpfOD;csif; ,HkMunfrIjyefvnf&Sdapjcif;/ uREfkyftaejzifhrl # 2yg&Sdjcif;&Sdr&S roJuGJacs/

1/ uyfumv\tqHk;ü *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\jyefvnfEdk;Mum;rI (Zm 12;10)/

2/ yxr&mpkESpfESifh &mpkESpfwdkif;&Sd *sL;vlrsdK;,HkMunfolrsm;/

3/ acwfopfumvar&Sd,*sL;bk&m;ausmif; (*sL;,HkMunfol) rsm;rSm xdkuwdawmfjynfhpHkrIjzpfEdkif onf/

11;12-14

þtcef;i,frsm;ü *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ r,HkMunfrIESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ ,HkMunfrIwdkY qufpyfaom cRif;csufyg0guswpfq,fck &Sdonf ti,f 12? 14? 15? 16? 17? 18? 21? 24 wdkYrSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;? 4if;wdkYrSm pma&;ol\tjrifrS rSefonf[krSwf,lxm;jcif;odkYr[kwf ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ ti,f 22ESifh23wdkYrSmrl wwd,wef;pm;cRif;csuf0gusrsm;jzpfNyD;? tem*wfü vkyf aqmifEdkifacs&SdaMumif; azmfjyrIjzpfonf/

11;12

NASB “olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif;onf ydkíjzpfrnfr[kwfavm”

NKJV “olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif;onfrnfrQydkí”

NRSV “olwdkYtjynfhtpHkyg0ifjcif;onf rnfrQydkí t"dyÜg,f”

TEV “odkYjzpfvQif*sL;vlrsdK;OD;a& tjynfhtpHkyg0ifonfhtcg rnfrQydkrkdBuD;rm;aom aumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpf vdrfhrnf enf;”

NJB “olwdkYtm;vHk;ajymif;vJjcif;onf rnfrQydkí tusdK;jzpfxGef;rnfudk pOf;pm;Munfhyg” teufjyef&eftcuftcJqHk;rSm “olwdkY\jynfhpHkjcif;” [laom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ qdkvdk&if;rSm (1) u,fwifjcif;&&Sdol*sL;rsm; ti,f 14?16? odkYr[kwf (2) ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;teuf aemufqHk;ydwf ta&twGufavmh¿

11;13 “igonfwyg;trsKd;om;jzpfaom oifwdkYukdajymjcif;jzpf\” tcef;BuD; 9-11 onf “*sL;wdkYonfar&dS ,t&Sifudk tb,faMumifhjiif;qefcJhMuoenf;” qdkaom ar;cGef;udk tajzay;onfh pmpkwpfckjzpfonf/ rnfodkY jzpfap aygvkonfþMo0g'pmxJ? olYwifjyrI\ þae&mü þar;cGef;ar;&ef tb,faMumifh cHpm;& oenf;[laom ar;cGef;rSmrl qufvufusef&Sdaeayonf/ ti,f 13-24?25 onf a&mrNrdKYtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; tMum; vlrsKd;a&; jyoemudk xif[yfae[ef&Sdonf/ ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh ,HkMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;Mum;üavm¿? odkYr[kwf? ,HkMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh r,HkMunfol *sL;rsm;tMum;avm raocsmay/

aygvkonfwyg;trsKd;om;rsm; urÇmodkY trIawmfvkyfief;aqmif&Guf&ef zdwfac:cH&aMumif;ppfrSefpGm cHpm;&onf/ (wref 9;15? 22;21? 26;17/ a&mr

NKJV

wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonf

NJB

trGrf;wif

apvGwfcH&jcif;udk ig*kPf,lonf

(tus,fcsJY) qdkaoma0g[m&\ t"dyÜg,frSm (1) aus;Zl;wif&Sdjcif; (2) 0g<um;jcif; odkYr[kwfjzpfEdkifonfrSm (3) wpfpkHwpf&mtm; taumif;qkH; tjzpfEdkifqkH;jzpfapjcif;tm; qdkvkdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;onfvnf; a&mrNrdKYtoif;awmfwGif; jyoemwpf&yfudk ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkonf (1) wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; tapcH&jcif;udk

0rf;omonf/ odkYr[kwf (2) ol\ trIawmfvkyfief;onf r,kHMunfolusL;rsm;udk remvdkpdwfjzpfay:apjcif;jzifh olwdkYu,fwifjcif;&&Sdaponfudk jrifonf/ (i,f 11;14 ESifh 9;1-3)/

11;14 ]]tcsKdUaom olwdkYu,fwif}} ¤if;rSm owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;twGuf aygvktm; zdwfac:rljzpfonf/ tcsdKUaom olwdkUonf owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;tm; wHkUjyefrIjyKum (1aum 1;21) tcsKdUwdkYurl xdkodkY jyKMurnfr[kwfaMumif; aygvkod&Sdonf/ (1aum 9;22) ¤if;rSm a&G;aumufjcif;\ vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faom t&mjzpfonf/ ("r®a[mif;ESifh "r®opf)!

11;15 ("r®a[mif;acwfu a&G;cs,faom (ti,f 1 ESifhuJGjym;aomtjcm;pum;vkH;) tpöa&;tm;jiif;y,fjcif;onf vlom;tm;vkH; (kosmos) a&G;cs,f&ef bk&m;ocif\ tMuHtpnf\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ udk,fudkudk,f ajzmifhrwfapjcif;? vlrsKd;pJGrmeESifh enf;Oya'o0g'onf ,kHMunfjcif;vdktyfrIudk jyif;xefaponf/ (9;30-33) YHWH ESifh ol\ ar&Sd, tm; ,kHMunfjcif;onf rSefuefaom em;vnfjcif;\ aomhcsufjzpfum? vlom;\ bmoma&;vkyfaqmifrI r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf tpöa&;tm; jiif;y,fjcif;onf vlom;xkwpf&yfvkH;tm; a&G;cs,f&ef tMuHtpnfawmfjzpfaMumif;owd&yg/ *sL;jzpfap *sL;r[kwfolwyg;trsKd;om;jzpfap vlom;taejzifh rmewufp&m taMumif;r&Sdacs/ þonfrSm a&mrtoif;awmfMum; od&efvdktyfaom owif;pum;yifjzpfonf!

]]avmuDom;wdkY jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif;}} ¤if;rSm "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh ]]bk&m;ocif\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} ESifh qifwljzpfonf/ aygif;pyf a0g[m&rSm kata taygif; alasso jzpfNyD; (ajymif;vJonf? toGifajymif;onf) [lí jzpf\/ ¤if;onf &efvdkjcif;tm; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vJvS,fjcif;jzihf rsufESmomjyef&jcif;udk &nfnTef;onf (a&mr 5;11/ 11;15/ 2 aum? 5;18? 19)/ bk&m;ocifonf {'if rdwfo[m,jzpfrI jyefvnf&&Sd&ef BudK;pm;onf/ tjypfonf xdkrdwfo[m,udk ysufpD;apcJhaomfvnf; c&pfawmfonf ,HkMunfjcif; usifhoHk;ol? usqif;aom vlom;wdkif;ü bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfudk jyefvnfjzpfay:aponf/ jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;ESifh vufoifhcHjcif; &&Sdaponf/ (ti,f 15 ESifh usrf;NydKif jzpfonf)/ xdk&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrIudk vlom;jyef r,lEkdifaomfvnf;? bk&m;ocif jyef,lEdkifum? ,lvnf; ,lcJhonf/

]]odkYaomf aojcif;rS touf&Sifjcif;odkY}} usrf;pum; tquftpyf oabmt& tpöa&;vlrsdK;udk ajymjcif;jzpfojzifh

1/ tpöa&;tm; trsdK;om;xk wpf&yftaejzifh jyefvnfxlaxmifvmrIudk &nfnTef;jcif;avm¿

2/ *sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ ]]eHygwftjynfhtpHk}} udk &nfnTef;jcif;avmh¿ (0dnmOf tpöa&; 9;6/ 11;25-26)/

3/ uyfumvtopf\ b0jzpfaom (6;13) jyef&Sifxajrmufaom b0udk ajymjcif;avm¿ uREkfyfonf #3 udk oabmusygonf/ uREkfyf\ taMumif;jycsufrsm;twGuf ]]tjywfqHk;jzwfay;aom ed'gef;ysdK;aqmif;yg;}} (Crucial Introductory Article) tm; tcrJh tGefvdkif; www.freebiblecommentary.org wGif Asm'dwfusrf; teufzGifhusrf;wGif Munfhyg)/ 11;16

]]tOD;qHk;e,faomrkefY oefY&Sif;vQif rkefUpdrf;vnf; oefY&Sif;onf/}} ¤if;rSm yxrqef;pm; cRif;csuf 0gusrsdK;jzpfum pma&;oltjrifrS rSefonf[k rSwf,lxm;jcif; (0g) ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ awmvnf 15;1721 tm; &nfnTef;onfh "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tOD;oD; (odkYr[kwf q,fbdkY wpfbdkY)qdkif&m cH,lcsufESifhqifwlaom wifpm;rI wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ tOD;oD;rsm;onf &dwfodrf;aomoD;ESH wpfckvHk; bk&m;&Sif ydkifqdkifaMumif; jyo&ef ay;vSLjcif; jzpfonf/

a&S;acwf ,HkMunfol*sL;t<uif;tusefwdkYonf olwdkY\ trsdK;om;xk wpf&yfvHk;tm; tusdK;oufa&muf vsuf &SdaeqJ jzpfonf/ (urÇm 18;27-33? 2 &mZ0if 7;14)/ ]tOD;e,faom rkefY} [laom wifpm;azmfjyrIonf ]tjrpf} [laom wifpm;azmfjyrIESifh tvm;wljzpfum (a,& 11;16-17) ESpfrsdK;pvHk;onf opöm&Sdaom tpöa&;? txl;ojzifh "r®a[mif;usrf; (i,f 28) ueOD;bdk;ab;rsm;udk &nfnTef;ygonf (tjrpf - ti,f 16-17)/

NASB (aemufqHk; jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 11;17-24 17odkYaomf tudkif;tcsdKUwdkY ckwfjzwfjcif; cHum? oHvGifyift½dkif;jzpfaom oifhtm; ¤if;wdkYtxJü qufí pdkufojzifhoHvGifyiftjrpf\ <u,f0rIudk olwdkYESifh wJGzufí &&Sdoljzpfvmygu? 18tudkif;rsm; tay:r0g<um;ESifh/ odkYaomf 0g<um;ygu oifonf tjrpfudk raxmuf tjrpfuomoifhudk axmufjcif;jzpfonf/ 19oifonf ]]igqufí pdkufEdkif&ef tudkif;rsm; ckwfjzwfcH&onf}} [kqdkvdrfhrnf/ 20olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ r,HkMunfrIaMumifh ckwfjzwfcH&onfrSm rSefaomfvnf; oifonf oif\ ,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifh &yfwnfonf/ rdrdudk,frdrd txifrBuD;bJ? aMumufwwfavmh/ 21tMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf obm0tudkif;rsm;udk rnSmwmygu? oifhudkvnf; n§mwmvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/ 22xdkYaMumifhbk&m;ocif\ oem;MuifemrIESifh cufxefrmausmjcif;udk Munfhyg/ vJaomolrsm;tay: cufxefrmausmaomfvnf; oifonf oem;Muifemawmfrljcif;ü qufaeygu oifhtay:bk&m;ocifoem; Muifemonf/ odkYr[kwfvQif oifhudkvnf;ckwfjzwfvdrfhrnf/ 23olwdkYonfvnf; rdrdwdkY\ r,HkMunfrIü rqufvufbJaecJhMuygu? qufí pdkufysdK;jcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf olwdkYudk jyefí qufpdkuf&ef wwfpGrf;Edkifonf/ 24tb,faMumifhqdkaomf obm0tm;jzifh oHvGifyift½dkif;jzpfaom oifhudkckwfjzwfum obm0ESifh qefYusifvsuf? oHvGifyifü pdkufjcif;cH&onfqdkvQif obm0tudkif;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fydkifoHvGifyifü tb,frQ ydkrdkqufum pdkufysdK;OD;rnfenf;¿

11;17-24 tHhMobG,f&myif þpmydk'f&Sd ]]oif}} you qdkonfrSm tenf;jyyk'fjzpfonf/ (i,f25ü rltrsm;jyyk'fjzpfonf) ¤if;onf bmudkqdkvdkoenf;¿

1/ wyg;trsdK;om;wpf&yfvHk;tm; yHkaqmifcsuftjzpfwyg;trsdK;om;wpfa,muf 2/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm; Mum;acgif;aqmifjyóemaMumifh ,ckvuf&Sdwyg; trsdK;om;acgif;aqmifudk &nfnTef;onf (i,f 18-20)

]]ygu}} 11;12-24 rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

]]tudkif;rsm;ckwfjzwf}} ¤if;onf r,HkMunfoltpöa&;rsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (i,f 18?19? ]]obm0tudkif;rsm;}} ti,f 12)

owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;a[majymrIwHkYjyefrIudkjyKaom ,HkMunfolwpfyg; trsdK;om;rsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/

pdkufjcif;cH&onf}} aygvkonf ti,f 16ü pcJhaom pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m wifpm;rIudk qufvuf onf/ oHvGifyif ½dkif;\ tcufrsm;udk cdkifchHNyD; tyifwpfyifay: qufí pkdufysdK;jcif;onf txGufwdk;aponf/ (i,f 24)

<u,f0rI}} vufa&;pm\ vHk;aphywfaph pum;pkrSm

tqDtjrpf}} jzpfonf/ (UBS4 ) onf MSS/Aleph, B, Cü awGY&aom4if;udk

]]bD}} tqifh (aocsmoavmuf) owfrSwfonf/ þa&m,SufaerIudk &Sif;vif;ap&eftm;xkwfaom *&dvufa&;usrf; tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Bruce Metzger, A Textual Commentary in the Greek New Testament, p. 526).

 ]]oHvGifyif}} ¤if;rSm tpöa&;trsdK;om;rsm;tm; yHkaqmifcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ (i,f 24/ qmvH 52;8/ 128;3 a,&? 11;16/ a[ma&S? 14;6) ¤if;rSm *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum; qufoG,frI azmfjyonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;\ 'kwd,ajrmufwifpm;rIjzpfonf/

11;18 ]]tudkif;rsm; tay:r0g<um;ESifh}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT IMPERATIVE ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE jzpfNyD; qufvufjzpfay:aeNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sd avh&Sdonf/ þusrf;csuftjyif ti,f 13? 20? 25 wdkYonf a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum; jyóemwpfck &Sdonf[k qdkvdk&ma&mufonf/

11;19-20 ti,f19onf tjcm;a0befpm (jiif;qefol&Sdae[ef) wpfckjzpfonf/ *sL;rsm; jiif;y,fawmfrl cH&jcif;taMumif; aygvk&Sif;vif;onf/ ¤if;rSm olwdkY\ r,HkMunfrIaMumifhjzpfNyD; wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; ydkí cspfawmfrljcif;cH&aomaMumifh r[kwfacs/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmf(urÇm 3;15) ESifh olwdkY\ ,HkMunfrIaMumifhom yg0ifvmMujcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonfvnf; remvdkaom *sL;rsm; bk&m;ocifxHodkY jyefvm&ef taMumif;&if;jzpfay:apEdkifMuonf/ (ti,f 11?14)

11:20

NASB ''odkYaomfoifonfoif\ ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh &yfwnfonf/}}

NKJV ''oifonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh &yfwnf\/}}

NRSV ''odkYaomfoifonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhom&yfwnf\/}}

TEV ''oifonf ,HkMunfojzifh ae&müqufvufaepOf}}

NJB ''oifonftcdkiftrm qkyfudkifaeqJjzpfonfqdkygu oif\,HkMunfjcif;udk aus;Zl;wif&efomjzpfonf/}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap ¤if;rSm cRif;csuf 0gusq,fcktxJyg0ifonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&SYawmfarSmufü uRefawmfwdkY &yfwnfaejcif;rSm ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh jzpfNyD; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh qufvufaeonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;&yfqdkif;ygu? uRefawmfwdkY\ &yfwnfcsuf &yfqdkif;onf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf (1),HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpjyKwHkUjyefjcif; (2) ,HkMunfjcif;ü &Sdaomtaetxm; (3) ,HkMunfjcif; qufvufaejcif;ESif (4) aemufqHk;wGif,HkMunfjcif; tjrifhqHk;odkY a&muf&Sdjcif;^ NyD;qHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;rsm; teuf wpfckwnf;udkomvQif pl;pdkufaom "r®oabmw&m;wpfckcktm; owdxm;yg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / u,fwifjcif;twGuf oHk;aom *&dumvjy Bud,mrsm; 10;4 üMunfhyg/ bk&m;ocifonf u,fwifjcif;pxGifol? tpjyKol? axmufrolESifh NyD;qHk;apoljzpfaomfvnf; y#dOmOfw&m;\ abmiftwGif;üjzpfonf/ olonf tjypfjynfhaom þvlom;rsdK;EG,ftm; þjzpfpOf\ ajcvSrf;wdkif;ü aemifwESifh ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh wHkYjyefrIjyKum? qufvufwHkYjyefoGm;&ef a&G;cs,fonf/ olonf emcHjcif;? c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;ESifh pGJNrJjcif;arQmfvifhonf/

aMumufwwfavmh}}

344

NRSV ]]xdkYaMumifhrmerBuD;bJ? xdwfvefYtHhMoavmh}}

TEV ]]¤if;aMumifhrmerBuD;ESifh/ xdkodkYjzpf&rnfhtpm; aMumufavmh}}

NJB ]]oifhudkrmeBuD;aponfxuf? aMumufap&ygrnf}} þazmfjycsufESpfckpvkH; PRESENT IMPERATIVE rsm; jzpfonf/ t&ifyxrrSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE jzpfjyD; qufuyfcJhNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck&yfwhHoGm;jcif;[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdavh&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf a&mr toif;awmf twGif; jyóemwpfck&SdaMumif;azmfjyonf/ aMumuf&rnfhtaMumif;&if; ti,f 21ü azmfjyonf/

11;21 ]]oifhudkvnf; nSmvdrfhrnfr[kwf}} tpöa&;onf r,kHMunfjcif; rmejzifh YHWH xHrS xGufoGm;um? ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;udk pGefYy,fí ckwfypfjcif;cHcJh&onfenf;wl? toif;awmfonf rmewufum? rdrdudk,frdrd ajzmifhrwfapjyD;? c&pfawmftm;,kHMunfjcif;udk pGefYvGwfygu ckwfjzwfcHvdrfhrnf/ tpjyKaom ,kHMunfjcif;udk ,kHMunfaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHonfvdkufygvm&\/ (róJ 13;1-13/ rmuk 4;1-12/ vkum 8;4-10) rmeudk qufvufckcHoGm;&ygrnf/ uRefawmfwkdYrSm aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh jzpfonftwdkif;yifjzpfMujyD; c&pfawmfudk ,kHMunfudk;pm;oltm;vkH;ESifh nDtpfudkcsif;jzpfMuonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /,kHMunfjcif;udk pGefYy,fjcif; (Aphistēmi) *&da0g[m& aphistēmi rSm t"dyÜg,f us,fjyefYaom pum;vkH;wpfckjzpfonf/ t*Fvdyfa0g[m& apostasy onf þa0g[m&rS qif;oufvmNyD;? acwfopfpm½Iolrsm;twGuf ¤if;\ okH;EIef;ykHrSm xifaMu;trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/ MudKwifí t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufay;rIrsm;tm;jzifhr[kwfbJ? usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabmuomvQif t"dyÜg,f em;vnfEdkif&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm aygif;pyf a0g[m&wpfckjzpfum ]]rS}} (0g) ]]ta0;}}[lí t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom apo ESifh ]]xdkifonf}} ]]xonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]wyfqifonf fix (owfrSwfonf? pJGNrJaponf)[kt"dyÜg,f&aom histēmi tm; aygif;pyfjcif; jzpfonf/ "r®oabmr[kwfaom atmufygtokH;tEIef; wdkYudk Munfhyg/ 1/ ½kyf0w¦Ktm;jzifh z,f&Sm;jcif;

(u) AdrmefawmfrS? vkum 2;37

(c) aetdrfrS? rmuk 13;34

(*) vlwa,mufrS rmuk 12;12/ 14;50/ wrefawmf 5;38

t&mtm;vkH;rS róJ 19;27?29

EdkifiHa&;t&z,f&Sm;jcif;? wref 5;37

3/ qufpyfrIz,f&Sm;jcif;? wref 5;38/ 15;38/ 19;9/ 22;29

4/ w&m;Oya't& z,f&Sm;jcif; (vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jcif;) w&m; a[m 24;1?3 (LXX) ESifh "r®opf róJ 5;31/ 19;7/ rmuk 10;4/ 1aum 7;11/

5/ ta<u;z,f&Sm;jcif; róJ 18;24

6/ xGufcGgoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh roufqdkifaMumif; jyojcif;? róJ 4;20/ 22;27/ a,m 4;28/ 16;32

7/ rxGufoGm;bJ aejcif;jzifh oufqdkifrIjyojcif; a,m 8;29/ 14;18

8/ cGifhjyKonf/ róJ 13;30/ 19;14/ rmuk 14;6/ vkum 13;8/ "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh ¤if;\ Mud,mudkvnf; us,fjyefYpGm okH;onf/ (1) tjypf&Sdjcif;udk z,fzsufonf? cGifhvGwfonf? tjypfvGwfonf/ xGuf 32;32 (LXX)/ awmvnf 14;19/ a,mb 42;10 ESifh "r®opfü ró 6;12?14-15/ rmuk 11;25-26

(2) tjypfudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;? 2wd 2;19

(3)xGufoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh vpfvsL½Ijcif; u/ ynwfw&m;awmf? róJ 23;23/ wref 21;21 c/ ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;/ ayZ 20;8 (LXX)/ vkum 8;13/ 2ouf 2;3/ 1wd 4;1/ a[jAJ 2;13 acwfopf,kHMunfolrsm;onf "r®opfa&;om;olrsm; pOf;pm;cJhbl;jcif;&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfaom "r®oabm w&m; ar;cGef;rsm;pGmar;Muonf/ 4if;wdkYteufwpfckuyif acwfopfumvwGif ,HkMunfjcif;rS z,fcGm oGm;vdkpdwf jzpfay:apvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;txJ0ifygu? olwdkYüwpHkw&m jzpfyGg;cJholrsm; or®musrf;pmxJ&Sdonf/ u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;

1/ axmufvSrf;olwpfq,fha,mufwdkY\ owif;ydkYcsufMum;&olrsm;/ awmvnf 14? a[NAJ 3;16-19/

2/ aum&? awmvnf 16

3/ {vd\om;rsm;? 1"r2?4

4/ a&Smvkrif;? 1"r11-31

5/ ya&mzuftwkrsm; (\Oyrmrsm;) (u) w&m;a[m 13;1-5/ 18;19-22 (ya&mzuftwkjzpfaMumif;od&ef enf;vrf;rsm;) (c) a,&rd 28 (*) a,Zausv 13;1-7

6/ ya&mzufrtwkrsm; (u) a,Zausv 13;17 (c) ae[rd 6;16

7/ qdk;oGrf;aomtpöa&;acgif;aqmifrsm; (\Oyrmrsm;) u/ a,&rd 5;30-31/ 8;1-2/ 23;1-4 c/ a,Zausv 22;23-31 */ rdum 3;5-12

c/ "r®opfusrf;

1/ þ*&da0g[m&rSm (apostasize) jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf r<uvmrDjyif;xefaom qdk;oGrf;rIESifh rSm;,Gif;aom oGefoifrIrsm;jzpfay:rnftaMumif; "r®opfusrf;ESpfckpvkH;utwnfjyKonf/ (roJ 24;24/ rmuk 13;22/ wref 20;29?30/ 2ouf 2;9-12/ 2w 4;4) þ*&d[m&onf roJ 13/ rmuk 4ESifh vkum 8 wdkYü awGU&aom rsKd;aphMuJjcif; Oyrmyga,&Iajymonfh pum;vkH;rsm;u xif[yfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ tqdkyg rSm;,Gif;aom q&morm;wdkYrSm c&pf,mefr[kwfMuaMumif;aocsmaomfvnf; (toif;awmf) txJrSyif jzpfMuonf/ (wref 20;29-30/ 1a,m 2;19) rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYonf r&ifhusufaom ,kHMunfolrsm;udk jzm;a,mif;zrf;pm;EdkifpGrf;&SdMuonf/ (a[jAJ 3;12) "r®oabmw&m;t& ar;cGef;rSm xdkrSm;,Gif;aom q&morm;wdkYonf ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfcJhMubl;oavm[l jzpfonf/ a'oEÅ& toif;awmfrsm;xJyif rSm;,Gif;aom twkta,mifq&morm;rsm;&Sdaeojzifh þar;cGef;rSm ajzqdk&cufcJonf/ (1a,m 2;18-19)/ rdrdwdkY\ "r®oabmw&m; ESifh *dkPf;*e tpOftvm wdkYonf þarcGef;ar;cJhMuaomfvnf; wdusaom usrf;taxmuftxm;rygacs/ (rdrd\ wzufapmif;eif; t,l0g'tm;

twnfjyK&ef usrf;csufwcsuftm; 4if;\ usrf;pum;tquftpyfudk r,lbJ? udk;um;jcif;jyKMu&kHom&Sdonf)

2/ jrifomaom ,kHMunfjcif; (u) ,k'? a,m17;12 (c) ewfq&m&Sdrkef? wrefawmf 8 (*) roJ 7;13-23 u ajymaomolrsm; (C) roJ 13/ rmuk 4/ vkum 8 xJuvlrSm; (i) a,m[ef 8;31-59u *sL;rsm;/ (p) 1wd 1;19-20 u [kareJESifh tmavujEK (q) 2wd 4;10 xJu 'dr (Z) 2wd 2;19-22/ ,k' 12-19 u q&morm;twkta,mifrsm; (ps) tEDÅc&pf 1a,m 2;18-19

3/ toD;rJhaom ,kHMunfjcif; (u) 1aum 3;10-15 (c) 2ay 1;8-11

þ udpö uRefawmfwdkYpOf;jcif;jyKavhr&SdMuacs/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwdkY\ enf;pepfus "r®oabmw&m; systematic theology onf nTefMum;xm;onfh tajzrsm; (uJvfAift,l0g'? tmareD t,l0g' pojzifh) udkom tm&kHaqmifoifay;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ uREfkyftm;þudpöudk wifjyvmjcif;aMumifh tjypfwifrapm&ef arwÅm&yfcHyg&ap/ uRefawmf\ qE´rSm oifhavsmfvkHavmufaom teufzGifhjcif;vkyfxkH; vkyfenf;jzpfapvdkrIjzpfonf/ uREkfyf\qE´rSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdwdkYudk pum;ajymcGifhjyK&efESifh wiful;csrSwfxmaom "r®oabmw&m;wpfcktwGif; 4if;udk ykHpHoGif;&ef rMudK;pm;Mua&;twGufjzpfonf/ 4if;rSm tcH&cufum? xdwfvefYMuonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkawmf uRefawmfwdkY\ "r®oabmw&m; theology onf *dkPf;*e? xkH;wrf;pOfvm (0)) awmfpyfrI? qufpyfrI (rdbrsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;? oif;tkyfq&m) rsm; tm;jzifh omvQifjzpfum or®musrf;enf;r[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;txJ vltcsKdUwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;txJryg&ef&SdMuonf/ (a&mr 9;6)

11;22 ]]bk&m;ocif\ oem;Muifemjcif;ESifh cufxefrmausmjcif;}} bk&m;ocif\ vrf;rsm;onf usqif;cJhNyD;aom vlom;twGufqefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifxif&avh&Sdonf/ (a[&Sm 55;8-11)/ uREkfyfwdkY jyKonfh a&G;cs,frIkwdkif;ü tusKd;qufrsm;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocif\ a&G;aumufjcif;onf vlom;\ wm0ef&SdrIudk ry,facs/ tpöa&;vlrsKd;tm; a&G;aumufjcif;onf olwdkYwpfOD;csif;pDtwGuf u,fwifrIudk tmrcHay;jcif; rjyKacs/ ]]oifonf oem;awmfrIjcif;ü qufaeygu}} 4if;rSm present subjunetive ygaom wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ þ o'´gzJGUpnf;ykH\ t"dyÜg,frSm wyg;trsKd;om; ,kHMunfolrsm;\ qufvufrIrSm cRif;csufESifhjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ (4if;rSm a&mr 9 &Sd bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmawmf\ tjcm;wzufjzpfonf) uREkyfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif; pGJjrJ&ef ZJG&SdMu&ygrnf/ (zd 2;12-13)/ 4if;rSm wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;taejzifhjzpfap? wpfOD;csif;taejzifhjzpfapZJG&Sd&efjzpfaMumif;&nfnTef;onf/ (*v 6;9/ Asm

2;7/ 17/ 3;6?13?22) 4if;rSm or®musrf;pmxJutpkvdkufESifh wpfOD;csif;tvdkufESifhqdkifaom vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,f onfht&mESifh wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ uwdawmfrsm; (bk&m;ocif\ tusifhp&dkufawmf^ay:tajcjyK) ESifh y#dOmOfw&m (vlom;\ wkHYjyefrIay:ajcjyK) rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJ&efvdktyfaMumif; 8;25 Munfhyg/ 11;23 4if;onf ti,f 22\ o'´goabmESifh "r®oabmw&m;ykHpHudk vdkufonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYaemifw&um? ,kHMunfMurnfqdkvQif yg0ifoGm;Murnfjzpfonf/ wyg;trsK;om;wdkY qufvufjyD;? r,kHMunfMuygu jiif;y,fcHMuayrnf/ (ti,f20)/ c&pfawmftm; tpjyK,kHMunfjcif;ESifholYtm; qufuyf,kHMunfjcif; ESpfckpvkH;ta&;MuD;onf/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 11;25-32 25nD\tpfudkwkdY oifwdkYonf udk,fudkudk,ft[kwfMuD;rxifrdMuygrnftaMumif;? wyg; trsKd;om;wdkY pkHvifoGm;onftxd? tpöa&;wdkYtay: wpfpdwfwpfydkif;rmausmrIjzpfay:jcif;wnf;[laom þvQKdU0Suf zkH;uG,f csuftaMumif;rodbJ aejcif;igigtvdkr&Sdacs/ 26xdkYjyiftpöa&;tm;vkH; u,fwifjcif; &&SdMuvdrfhrnf/ or®musrf;pmü a&;om;onfrSm ]]u,fvGwfolonfZdtkefrSaa&muf&Sdvmvdrfhrnf/ olonf ,mukyf\ bk&m;w&m; r&dkaorIudk z,f&Sm;vdrfhrnf/ 27olwdkYtjypfrsm;udk ig,loGm;aomtcg ig\ y#dOmOfw&m;rSm þt&m yifjzpfonf/ 28owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;rS MunfhvQif oifwdkY tusKd;tvdkYXg? olwdkYonf &efolrsm; jzpfMu\/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frIrSMunfhvQif bkd;bGm;wdkYaMumifh olwdkYrSm cspfawmfrIolrsm;jzpfMu\/ 29taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifrsm;ESifh ac:zdwfjcif;udk jyefvnf &kyfodrf;jcif;rjyKacs/ 30taMumif;rSm oifwdkYonf ,cifu em;raxmifolrsm;jzpfcJhMuaomfvnf;? olwdkY\ em;raxmifjcif;aMumifh ,cktcg *&kPmawmfjyocHMu&\/ 31xdkenf;wl olwdkYonfvnf; ,ck em;raxmifMujcif;rSm oifwdkYtm;jyoaom *&kPmawmfaMumifh? olwdkYonfvnf; *&kPmawmfjyojcif; cHMu&rnftaMumif;jzpf\/ 32taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf tm;vkH;aom olwdkYukd *&kPmawmfjyEdkif&ef? tm;vkH;aom olwdkYudk em;raxmifjcif;ü csKyfxm;awmfrl\/

11;25 ]]oifwdkY... rodbJaejcif;Xgigtvdkr&Sd}} 4if;rSm aygvkokH;aom pum;vkH;wJG tokH;tEIef;rsm; (idiom) \ xl;jcm;rIjzpfonf/ (1;13/ 1aum 10;1/ 12;1/ 2aum 1;8/ 1ouf 4;13)/ if;onf ta&;MuD;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;aqG;aEG;rItpysKd;ay;avH&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm a,&IoHk;aeustpjyKpum; ]]igtrSef tuefqdkonfum;}} (Amen, Amen) ESifh qifwlonf/ taMumif;t&mopfwpfcktm;tcsufjy&ef aygvk tokH;jyKavh&Sdonf/

NASB, NRJV

NRSV ]]vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,fcsuf}}

TEV ]]vQKdU0Sufaom or®mw&m;wpfck}}

NJB ]]þtaMumif;rsm;tm;vkH;aMumifh zkH;uG,f&aom taMumif;&if;wpfck/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faomt&m usqif;jcif; (urÇm 3) rwdkifrDuyif vlom;tmm; a&G;EIwf&ef wpkwaygif;wnf;aom &nf&G,fcsufwpfck bk&m;ocifü &Sdonf/ þtpDtpOf\ t&dyft>rufazmfjyrIrsm;udk "r®a[mif;usrf;ü zGifhjyxm;onf/ (urÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6 ESifh ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ü) odkYaomf 4if;\ tpDtpOf\tjynfhtpkHrSm &Sif;uif;jcif;r&Sdacs/ (1aum 2;6-8)/ a,&IESifh 0dnmOfawmf<uvmjcif;onf 4if;udk ydkrdk ay:vGifaponf/

a&G;EIwfjcif;\ þtpDtpOftjynfhtpkHudk azmfjy&ef aygvkonf ]]eufeJaomt&m}} (vQKdU0SufzkH;uG,faomt&m) pum;vkH;okH;avh&Sdonf/ (1aum 4;1/ {zuf 6;19/ aum 4;3/ 1wd 1;9)/ odkYaomf olonf þa0g[m&udk t"dyg,ftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh okH;onf/

1/ wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; yg0ifEdkif&ef tpöa&;tm; wpfpdwfwpfydkifrmausmapjcif;/ wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; tpkvdkuftjyKvdkuf0ifvmjcif;onf a,&Itm; tem*wÅda[mMum;csuf\ c&pfawmfjzpfaMumif; *sL;rsm;vufcHvmap&ef ,EÅ&m; wpfckyrmtvkyfvkyfvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr 11;25-32)

2/ c&pfawmftxJESifh c&pfawmftm;jzifh tm;vkH;yg0ifMuukefaom wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;udk Mum;odaponf/ (a&mr 16;25-27/ aum 2;2)

3/ c&pfawmf'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmcsdef,kHMunfolrsm;\ udk,fcE¨mopfrsm; (1aum 15;5-57/ 1ouf 4;13-18)

t&mtm;vkH;c&pfawmftxJaygif;pnf;vkdufjcif; ({zuf 1;8-11)

wyg;trsKd;rsm;ESifh *sL;rsm; tarGawmfcHazmfcHbufrsm;jzpfjcif;/ ({zuf 2;11-3/ 13)/

6/ c&pfawmfESifh toif;awmf\ &if;ESD;aom qufpyfrItm; vufxyfxdef;jrm;jcif; qdkif&ma0g[m&rsm;jzifh azmfjyjcif; ({zuf 5;22-33)

7/ y#dOmOfcHvlrsKd;txJwpfyg;trsKd;rsm;yg0ifapum? c&pfawmfESifhwlaom &ifhusifhrIjzpfay:ap&ef c&pf awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfudef;0yfjcif;/ 4if;rSm usqif;aom vlom;txJysufpD;oGm;cJhonfh bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftm; (urÇm 6;5? 11-13/ 8;21) / vlom;xJjyefvnf&,ljcif;jzpfonf/ (u 1;26-27/ 5;1/ 9;6/ 8;21/ aum 1;26-28)

8/ uyfumvtqkH; tEDÅc&pf (2 ouf 2;1-11)

9/ þvQKdU0SufeufeJrI\ tusOf;csKyfwpfcktm; toif;awmf\ ueOD;umvwGif 1wd 3;16 awGU&onf/



]]udk,fudkudk,f t[kwfMuD;rxifrdygrnftaMumif;}} þae&m vnf;a&mrtoif;awmf (rsm;) &Sdwif;rmrI\ tjcm;t&dyft>rufwpfck&Sdonf/ (i,f 18)/



NASB ]]tpöa&;wdkY wpfpdwfwpfydkif;rmausmrIjzpfay:}}

NKJV ]]tpöa&;wdkY tpdwftydkif;tm;jzifh rmausmrIjzpfay:}}

NRSV ]]tpöa&;tcsKdUü rmausmrIa&muf&Sdvm}}

TEV ]]tpöa&; vlrsK;drsm;\ acgif;rmjcif;onf tjrJr[kwf}}

NJB ]]tpöa&; tydkif;wpfydkif; rsufrjrifjzpfvm}} þazmfjyrIonf tcef;MuD; 11 wpfckvkH;ESifh qufpyfae&ayrnf/ ,kHMunfol *sL;tcsKdU&SdcJhjyD;? xdkenf;wlqufvuf&SdaeOD;rnf/ þ,m,Drsufrjrifjcif;udk bk&m;ocifEdI;qGay;jcif;jzpfonf (i,f 8-10)/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf *sL;rsm;onf a,&Iudk jiif;y,fjcif;aMumifh jzpfjyD;? 4if;onf vlom;tm;vkH; a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif\ tpDtpOfESifh tH0if*Gifusjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;twGuf u,fwifjcif;udk uwday;onf/ (urm 3;15)/ tm;vkH;udk qufqH&ef olonf tmjA[Hudk a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ (urÇmOD; 12;3)/ olonf tm;vkH;udk qufqH&ef tpöa&;udk a&G;cs,fonf/ (xGuf 19;5-6/ txl;taMumif;t&m 8;28 Munfhyg/) tpa&;onf rmefrme?opömrJhjcif;ESifh r,kHMunfrIrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdtm; cdkif;aprIudk ysufuGufoGm;cJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;udk ay;aom rdrdaumif;csD;r*FvmrS tqifh wyg;trsKd;om;urÇmudk qufqHvdkonf/ (w&m;a[m 27-29)/ tpöa&;onf xkdy#dOmOfw&m;udk rapmihfxdef;Edkifojzifh bk&m;ocif\ ,m,D w&m;pD&ifrIcH&onf/ ,cktcg bk&m;ocifonf þw&m;pD&ifrIudkyif vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm; ,kHMunfjcif;rSwqifh a&G;EIwf&ef rdrd\ rlv&nf&G,fcsufjynfhpkHapa&;twGuf okH;onf/ (30-31/ a,Z 36;22-38)/



]]wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY pkHvifoGm;onftxd}} tvm;wla0g[m& (pleroma) udkyifti,f12ü *sL;rsm;twGuf okH;onf/ xdkti,fESpfckpvkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ MudKwifod&SdrIESifh a&G;aumufjcif;taMumif; ajymonf/ ]]onftxd}} [laom pum;onf þwyg;trsKd;rsm;twGuf uefUowfxm;aom tcsdefumvudk ajymonf/ (vkum 21;24)/

11;26 ]]tpöa&;tm;vkH; u,fwifjcif;&&Sdvdrfhrnf}} teufjyefjcif;ESpfrsKd;&SdEdkifonf/ 1/ 4if;onf tpöa&;udk trsKd;om;wpf&yftaejzifh &nfnTef;onf/ *sL;wpfa,mufcsif;r[kwfbJ? ordkif;\ u@wpfck&Sd *sL;trsKd;om;trsm;pkjzpfonf/ 2/ ¤if;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m tpa&;jzpfaom toif;awmfudk wpfrsKd;wpfzkH&nfnTef;onf/ aygvkonf þoabmudk a&mr 2;28-29/ *v 6;16/ 1ay 2;5?9/ Asm'dwf 1;6 wdkYü okH;onf/ tcef;i,f 12 u ]]*sL;a0pktjynfh}} ESifh tcef;i,f 25u ]]wyg;trsKd;a0pktjynfh}} wkdYü tvm;wl qufpyfrI &Sdonf/ ¤if;onfonf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;cs,frItjriftm;jzifh ]]tm;vkH; tjynfh}} jzpfjyD;? wpfOD;csif; tjriftm;jzifhr[kwfacs/ oHvGifyif uwdawmfonf wpfaeYaomtcgusvQif jynfhpkHoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ teufzGifhq&mtcsKdUonf þusrf;\ &nfnTef;csufrSm tpöa&; omvQif jzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

1/ tcef;MuD; 9-11\ taMumif;t&m oabmt&

2/ ti,f 26-27 \"r®a[mif;udk;um;csufrsm;t&

3/ ti,f28 &Sd&Sif;vif;aom azmfjycsuft&jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf tmjA[H\ obm0 tquftEG,frsm;tm; cspfaeqJjzpfum? u,fwifjcif;&&Sdapvdkonf/ olwdkYonf c&pfawmfudk ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh vmMu&ayrnf/ (Zmc&d 12;10)/ rmausmaom þ*sL;rsm; wkHUjyefrIjyK&ef aemufqkH;tcGifhta&;&MuOD;rnfaomqdkonfh ar;cGefudkrl þusrf;csufjzpfap? tjcm;usrf;csufrsm;tm;jzifh jzpfapr&Edkifacs/ uRefawmfwdkY tar&duefrsm;onf wpfOD;csif;qdkif&mar;cGef;rsm; ar;avhar;x&SdMuaomfvnf; or®musrf;pmu rIwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;ay: pl;pdkufavh&Sdonf/ þar;cGef;ESifhtvm;wl ar;cGef;tm;vkH; bk&m;ociftwGuf csefxm;&efomjzpfonf/ olonf rdrdcspfaom zefqif;jcif;tay: rSefuefayvdrfhrnf/

]]or®musrf;pmü a&;om;onfrSm}} ¤if;onf *&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint rS udk;um;csufESpfckudk nTef;onf/ a[&Sm 59;20-21 (i, 26) ESifh 27;9 (i,f 27) wdkYjzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif; ,EÅ&m;rSm ar&dk,t&Sifjzpfol a,&Itm;,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;ü pDrHcsuf A om vQif &SdjyD; B [l r&Sdacs/ u,fwifjcif;&&ef vrf;wpfvrf;wnf;omvQif &Sdonf/ (a,m 10;7-18/ 11;25-29/ 14;6)/

11;27 ti,f 27ü udk;um;aom a[&Sm 27;9onf tpöa&;tm; uwdawmjynfjyefay;jcif;ESifhtwl (i,f 1-11) tpOftvmtm;jzifh &efoljzpfaom wpfyg;trsKd;rsm;yg 0ifaprnftaMumif; (i,f 12?13) zdwfac:rIrsm;ESifh aygif;pyfonf/ þjyefay;jcif;onf xdktwdkif;yuwdjzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif? þtem*wÅdpum;onf tESpf wpfaxmifumvudk jynfhpkHapEdkifvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;onf ykHaqmifcsufjzpfcJhygrI y#dOmOfw&m;opf? owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;\ vQKdU0Sufcsufjzpfaom? bk&m;ocif\ ar&Sd,tm;,kHMunfjcif;jzifh aygif;pnf;xm;aom *sL;ESifh wpfyg;trsKd; (toif;awmf) onf yef;wdkifjzpfayrnf/ ({zuf 2;11-3;13)/ ¤if;rSm qkH;jzwf&efcufcJonf/ tcsKdU"r®a[mif;tem*wdÅpum;rsm;onf y#dOmOfw&m;opfjzpfaom toif;awmftwGuf jzpfonf/ vlom;rsm; opöm rJhaomfvnf; (a,Z 36;22-36) bk&m;ocifrSm rIrdrduwdawmfrsm;ay: opöm&SdjrJ&Sdaeonf/

11;28 þti,fonf a&G;aumufjcif;\ rsufESmpmESpfbufudk &nfnTef;onf/

350

1/ "r®a[mif;wGif a&G;aumufjcif;onf trIaqmif&Guf&ef jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;udk a&G;EIwfjcif;tMuHawmftwGuf vlom;udkyif tokH;jyKonf/

2/ "r®opfusrf;wGif a&G;aumufjcif;onf owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;ESifh xm0&u,fwifjcif;wdkYESifh qufpyfonf/ þu,fwifjcif;ü bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifhtnD zefqif;aom vlom;tm;vkH;rSm yef;wdkif;jzpfaeusjzpfonf/ (urÇm 3;15)

bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ uwdawmf rsm;ay: opöm&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;acwf ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh "r®opfoefY&Sif;olrsm;twGuf rSefaomt&mjzpfonf/ aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ opöm&SdrIjzpfjyD;? vl\ opöm&SdrIr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmfjzpfjyD;? vlom;\ aqmif&GufrIr[kwfacs/ a&G;aumufjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufonf aumif;csD;r*FvmjzpfjyD;? z,fxkwfjcif;r[kwfacs/

]]olwdkYrSm bkd;bGm;wdkYaMumi cspfawmfrlolrsm;jzpfMu\}} ¤if;rSm xGuf 20;5-6ESifh w&m;a[m 5;9-10/ 7;9 wdkYrS uwdawmfjzpfonf/ rdom;pkwdkY aumif;csD;cHpm;&onfrSm ,cifrsKd;qufrsm;\ ,kHMunfrIaMumifhjzpfonf/ tpöa&;aumif;csD;cHpm;&onfrSm opöm&SdoltrsKd;\ ueOD;acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; (bkd;bGm;rsm;) aMumifhjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 4;37/ 7;8/ 10;15) ar&Sd,onf ,k'trsKd;r zGm;jrifawmfrlrnftaMumif;'g0d'fudk ay;aom uwdawmfjzpfonf/ (2"r 7)/ odkYaomf ]]xdkopöm&Sdol}} rsm;yifvQif ynwfw&m;awmfudk jynfhpkHpGm rvdkufem? rapmifhxdef;EdkifcJhMu[kqdk&ayrnf/ (a,Z 36;22-36)/ pkHvifjynfh0aom ,kHMunfjcif;r[kwfbJ ,kHMunfjcif;wnf;[laom wpfOD;csif;\ ,kHMunfjcif;? rdom;pk\ ,kHMunfjcif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpfum? rdom;pkrsm;rS wpfqifhvufqifhurf;&ef tvm;tvm&Sdaom ,kHMunfjcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 7;8-16)

11;29

NASB, NKJV

NRSV ]]taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmifrsm;ESifh ac:zdwfjcif;udk jyefvnfjyifqifí r&acs/}}

TEV ]]taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrda&G;cs,faomolrsm;ESifh aumif;csD;ay;aom olrsm;udk jyefvnf&kyfodrf;jcif;rjyKacs/}}

NJB ]]bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ vufaqmifrsm;udk jyef,ljcif;? rdrd\ a&G;cs,frIudk jyefvnf &kyfodrf;jcif; rnfonfhtcg rQ rjyKcJhacs/}}

4if;onf vlwpfOD;csif;odkYay;aom 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk &nfnTef;jcif;r[kwfbJ (1aum 12) "r®a[mif;? "r®opfxJ u,fwifjcif;uwdawmfrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ a&G;aumufjcif;rSm xda&mufonf/ bk&m;ocif\ opömawmfrSm tpöa&;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh (rmv 3;6) ESifh 0dnmOfa&; tpöa&;rsm;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpf\/

11;30-32 þtcef;i,frsm;rSm bk&m;ocif\ pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;tusOf;csKyfjzpfonf/ 1/ ¤if;wdkYrSm igwaumaum pdwfjzifh qkH;jzwfjcif;r[kwfbJ? u&kPmawmfudk tajcjyKavh&Sdonf/ ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom usrf;pum;tquftpyfrsm; Munfhygu ]]u&kPmawmf}} [laom pum;vkH; av;cgokH;onf/ (9;15? 16?18?23)/

2/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;w&m;pD&ifonf/ *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm;tm;vkH;tjypfESifh jynfhonf/ (3;9? 19?23/ 5;11)/

3/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;odkY *&kPmawmfjyo&ef tcGifhta&;tjzpf vlom;tm;vHk;\ vdktyfrIESifh rwwfpGrf;EdkifrIudk okH;onf/ (i,f 22) xkdUjyif ]]tm;vkH;}} tm;ti,f12ESifh 25-26wdkYü vnf; awGU&onf/ vlwpfOD;csif;onf bk&m;ocif\ ay;prf;rIudk wkHUjyefvdrfhrnfr[kwfaomfvnf; a&G;EIwfjcif;jrifuGif;ü rlolwdkYtm;vkH;tusLH;0ifMuonf/ (5;12-21/ a,m 3;16)/ tdk? bk&m;&Sif xdktwdkif;yifjzpfaeygap/

11;30 ESifh 31 ]],ck}} ¤if;onf a,&Itm;,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh tpöa&;trsKd;om;rsm;\ 0dnmOfa&; ajymif;vJrItm; cdkifrmpGm qdkvdkonf/ (Zm 12;10)/ wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY\ ]]r,kHMunfrI}} udk bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmftEdkif,loGm;cJhonfenf;wl *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ ]]r,kHMunfrI}} udk vnf; tEdkif,loGm;ayrnf/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf; / / 11;33-38 33tdk? bk&m;ocif\ nmPfawmfESifh ynmawmfeufeJ<u,f0vSygbdjcif;? pD&ifawmfrIjcif;ESifh vrf;awmfwdkYudk rwdkif;wmEdkif/ 34taMumif;rIum xm0&t&Sif bk&m;ocif\ pdwfawmfudk rnfolod&Sdum? wdkifyifabmf? wdkifyifbufjzpfcJhoenf;/ 35odkYr[kwf jyefay;qyfawmfrl&rnftaMumif;rnfolonf udk,fawmftm; OD;pGm ay;cJhoenf;/ 36taMumif; rlum; t&mcyfodrf;onf udk,fawmfxHrS? udk,fawmfrS wqifhESifh udk,fawmftwGufjzpf\/ urÇm tqufqufbkef;MuD;awmfrlapwnf;/ tmrif/

11;33-36 4if;rSm aygvk\ thHcsD;bG,f&mvufwef;a&;aom bkef;awmfbJGUwpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ y#dOmOfw&m; qdkif&m opöm&SdrI? y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m yg0ifaprIESifh y#dnOfw&m;qdkif&m jynfhpkHjcif;tm; tHhMorIonf aygvk\ pdwfudk vTrf;rkd;jynfhvQHoGm;aponf/

11;33 ]]<u,f0awmfrljcif;rsm;}} ¤if;rSm aygvk ESpfoufvSaom tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ (2;4/ 9;23/ 10;12/ 11;12?33/ {zuf 1;7?8/ 2;7/ 3;8?16/ zd4;19/ aum 1;27/) owif;aumif;{0Ha*vdw&m;\ t"dutcsufESifh vlom;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;rSm *&kPmawmfESifh jynfh0aom bk&m;ocif\ p&kdufawmfESifh pDrHcsufjzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 55;1-7)/

]]pD&ifawmfrljcif;ESifh vrf;awmfwdkYudk rwdkif;wmEdkif}} ¤if;rSm tcef;MuD; 9-11 rsm;xJ&Sd qefYusifbufjzpfaeonf or®mw&m;rsm;ESifh avsmfnDvSaom bkef;awmfbJGUjzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 55;8-11)/

11;34 4if;rSm LXX \ a[&Sm 40;13-14 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkusrf;ydk'fü bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ vlrsKd;tm; jynfESif'PfcH&mrS jyefvnfykdUaqmifum? u,fwifonf/ 1aum 2;16ü aygvkonf þusrf;ydk'fudkyif udk;um;aomfvnf; bJGUemrawmf "Lord" udk rla,&Itjzpf okH;vdkufonf/

11;35 4if;rSm a,mb 35;7 (0g) 41;11tm; oabmavmuf udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/

11;36 ]]taMumif;rlum; t&mcyfodrf;onf udk,fawmfxHrS? udk,fawmfrStqifhESifh udk,fawmftwGuf jzpf\/}} þpum;pkonf þusrf;ykd'fü crnf;awmfbk&m;udk &nfnTef;aomfvnf; (1aum 11;12) om;awmfbk&m;tm; &nfnTef;onfh tjcm;"r®opfusrf; csufrsm;ESifh vGefpGm qifwlonf/ (1aum 8;6/ aum 1;16/ a[mjAJ 2;10)/ t&mcyfodrf;bk&m;ocifxHrS pwifjzpfay:um? bk&m;ocifxHodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;aMumif; aygvkt wnfjyKonf/

]]urÇmtqufqufbkef;MuD;awmfrlapownf;}} ¤if;rSm bk&m;udk aumif;csD;ay; csD;rGrf;jcif; "r®opf ykHpHjzpfonf/ ¤if;u &nfnTef;onfrSm 1/ wpfcgwpfav crnf;awmfudk (16;27/ {zuf 3;21/ zd 4;20/ 1ay 4;11/ 5;11/ ,k' 25/ Asm 5;13/ 7;12)/

2/ wpfcgwpfav om;awmfudk (1wd 1;17/ 2wd 4;18/ 2ay 3;18/ Asm 1;16)/ 3;23\ rSwfcsuf Munfhyg/ ]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25 Munfhyg/ aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/

1/ tpöa&;onf bk&m;ocif\ u,fwifjcif;vrf;udk rnfodkvJToGm;cJhoenf;

2/ bk&m;ocifonf tpöa&;udk rjiif;y,fcJhaMumif;oufaoxl&ef rnfonfh taMumif;&if; ESpfckaygvk ay;xm;oenf;

3/ bk&m;ocifonf *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk tb,faMumifh rmausmapcJhoenf;¿ tb,faMumifhenf;¿

4/ *sL;vlrsKd; ]]t<uif;tusef}} qdkon oabmonf bmudk qdkvdkoenf; (i,f 2-5)

5/ "r®opfusrf;xJu ]]vQKdU0SufeufeJaomt&m}} qdkonfh a0g[m&udk t"dyg,fowfrSwfyg/

6/ a&mr 11; 26 onf bmudk qdkvdkoenf; tb,faMumifhenf;/ ¤if;onf 9;6ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;

7/ wyg;trsKd;,kHMunfolrsm;udk aygvkrnfodkYowday;oenf; (i,f 17-24)/

a&mr 12

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;

UBS4 NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB c&pfawmfxJ bk&m;twGuftouf qufuyfaomtouf bk&m;trIawmfü0dnmOfa&;0wfjyK toufopf &Sifaom ,Zmf 12;1 2 touf&Sifjcif; udk;uG,fjcif; 12;1 2 12;1 8 12;1 2 12 1 2 12;3 8 12;3 8 12;3 8 12;3 13 c&pf,mef c&pf,meftjzpfjyK wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmf oufwmt rIusifhMuHjcif; jcif;rsm; vlwdkif;ESifh&efolrsm; ouf&Sifjcif; 12;9 21 12;9 13 12;9 13 vlwdkif;ESifh&efolrsm; 12;9 21 ay:cspfjcif;arwm 12;14 21 12;14 16 12;12 21 12;17 21 ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;

þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmudk rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/ tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm; wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/ t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f

3/ wwd,pmydk'f

4/ ... pojzifh

ti,f 1-8 tm; pmtquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif; u/ ¤if;onf a&mrMo0g' (12;1-15;13) tydkif;tm;vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;u@\ tpjzpfonf/ aygvka&;aompmrsm;rSm tjzpftysuf\ rSwfwrf;vnf;jzpfojzifh ¤if;wdkYü Mo0g'ydkif;ESifh vufawGU usifhokH;jcif;ESpfrsKd;pvkH;yg&Sdonf/ aygvkonf a'oEÅ&jyoem (0g) tcuftcJwpfckaMumifh pma&;cJhonf/ a&mr 1-8onf tHhMobG,f&m Mo0g'usOf;csKyfjzpfonfenf;wl4if;\ udk,fusifhw&m;ydkif;ESifh vufawGU usifhokH;rI tydkif;onfvnf; tvm;wlwefcdk;MuD;rm;onf/

c/ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwGuf vufawGUrygaom "r®oabmw&m;onf bk&m;ocifESifh rqdkifacs/ (róJ7;2427/a,m13;17/ a&mr 2;13/ ,mukyf 1;22?25/2;14-26)/ aygvkonf a,&Itm; ,kHMunfjcif;rS wqifh bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh tcrJhu,fwifjcif;udk &Sif;vif;pGm

oGefoifonfrSefaomfvnf;? þtcrJhvufaqmifonf uRefawmfwdkY\ b0rsm;udk tjywfajymmif;vJypf&efjzpfonf u,fwifjcif;rSm tcrJhjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;udk c&pfawmfESifh tjywfwlnDjcif;onf vdkufygvm&ygrnf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;udk ajzmifhrwfjcif;rS uREkfyfwdkY rcGJxkwf&Jyg/

*/ ti,f 1-2 onf usifhoHk;jcif; u@wpfckvHk;\ tzGihfrdwfqufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifaom b0toufwmtwGuf tajccHjzpfonf/ (tcef;BuD; 8)

C/ ti,f 3-8 0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl; &&Sdjcif;taMumif; aqG;aEG;onf/ c&pfawmftwGuf t<uif;rJhqufuyftyfESHjcif;onf bk&m;ociftwGuf (w&m; 6;4-5/ róJ 22;37) ESifh tjcm;olrsm;twGuf aqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfap&ygrnf/ (0wfjyK 10;9-18/ róJ 10;9-19)/ þqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf c&pfawmftxJ uRefawmfwdkY\ pnf;vHk;jcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrI trsKd;rsdK;&&Sd&jcif;taMumif; tav;teuf ajymMum;onf ({zuf 4;1-10)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;twGu tm;xkwfMu&rSm jzpfaomfvnf; qifwljcif;udkrl rqdkvdkacs/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf tapcHEdkif&ef jyifqifay;xm;onf (1 aum 12;7? 11/ {zuf 4;11-13)/ pum;vHk;ESifh pum;pk avhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf; 1odkYjzpfí nDtpfudkwdkY oifwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mtm; bk&m;ocif vufcHEkdifzG,f&m? touf&Sifí oefY&Sif;aom ,Zfaumiftjzpf ay;vSLylaZmfMuygrnftaMumif; bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfudk axmufí oifwdkYudk igwdkufwGef;Edk;aqmf\/ ¤if;rSm oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif; tvkyfjzpf\/ 2 þavmu\ yHko@mefrvkufbJ aumif;rGefí vufoifhcHEkdifzG,fESi jynfh0aom bk&m;coif\ tvdkawmfudk odEkdifrnftaMumif; oifwdkY\ pdwfudk jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;jzifh yHko@mefajymif;vJMuavmh/ ]]odkYjzpfí}} aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmapmifü owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;\ or®mw&m;rsmudk wifjy&mü ta&;BuD;aom tvSnfhtajymif;rsm;wGif þa0g[m&udk oHk;onf/ 1/ 5;1 ü ¤if;onf ]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh}} udk tusOf;csHK;onf/ 2/ 8;1 ü ¤if;onf ,HkMunfoltjypfw&m;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfyHkudk tusOf;csHK;onf/ ¤if;udk oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;[k ac:onf/ 3/ 12;1 ,HkMunfol\ aeYpOftoufwmü ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;wdkYtm; vufawGYvkyffaqmifrIudk ajymonf/

TEV

355

þpum;pkonf El;nHhodrfarGU cdkifrmonf/ ¤if;rSm avQmufywfpGm touf&Sif&ef ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&udk aygvkrMumcPokH;onf/ (12;1/15;30/ 16;17/ 1aum 1;10/ 4;16/ 16;15/ 2 aum 2;8/ 5;20/ 6;1/ 10;1/12;8/ {zuf 4;2/ 1ouf 4;10/ 1wd 1;3/ zdavrkefi,f 9-10)/



]]nDtpfudkwdkY}} aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk taMumif;t&mopfwpfcktm; tpjyKrdwfquf&efokH;avh&Sdonf/



]]bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmftm;jzif}}h LXX ü þa0g[m&onf YHWH \ oem;MuifemrIudk azmfjyonf/ (xGuf 34;6)/ ¤if;onf tcef;MuD; 1-11 twGif; "r®oabmw&m;wdk;wufjzpfay:jcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ a&mrMo0g'pmü usqif;aom vlom;taMumif;ajym&mwGif (9;15? 16?18?23/ 11;30?31?32/12;8/15;9) bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmf (oikzeiro ESifh eleeo ESpfckpvkH;)udk xif&Sm;pGm tav;teufjyKonf/ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfESifh *&kPmawmf tcrJhay;urf;ojzifh? ,kHMunfolrsm;onf xdkufwefrItm;jzifh r[kwfbJ ({zuf 2;89) aus;Zl;odwwfaomtm;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDpGmtouf&SifMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;4/ 2;10)/ topfaomb0 toufwmrsm;onf (aum 3;9/ 10?12) tjcm;olrsm;udk c&pfawmftm; ,kHMunfajymif;vJ vmap&ef MuH&G,frIjzpfonf/ ]]ay;vSLylaZmf}} 4if;rSm AORIST INFINITIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm þusrf;ydk'f okH;aom ,ZfylaZmfjcif;qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;teufwpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm ,ZfylaZmfonf i,f 1/ oefY&Sif;onf ti,f 1/ vufcHEdkifbG,f&m ti,f 1/ tvm;wloabmu 6;13?16?19wdkY azmfjyonf/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdudk,frdrdbk&m;ocif (0g) pmwefudk ay;Muvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ c&pfawmfonf crnf;awmf\ tvdkudk vuf0g;uyfwdkifwpfwdkifay: taocHonftxd aqmif&Guf&ef rdrdudk,frdrdtwktEdIif;uif;pGm ay;cJhonf enf;wl olYaemufvdkufrsm;onfvnf; ol\ twuif;aom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHESifhwlatmifom atmifMudK;pm;Mu&ayrnf/ (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20/ 1a,m 3;16)

]]oifwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mrsm;}} c&pf,mefonf udk,fcE¨mrSm qdk;oGrf;onfqdkaom *&dawG;ac:ynmESifh rsm;pGm uJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ 4if;rSm tjypfaoG;aqmif&m e,fy,fjzpfaomfvnf; udk,fusifhw&m;t&Mum;aejzpfonf/

]]udk,fcE¨m}} [laom a0g[m&rSm ti,f2u ]]pdwf}} [laom a0g[m&ESifh oabmcsif; tvm;wljzpf[ef&Sdonf/ ,kHMunf olwdkYonf ,cif tjypfw&m;twGuf qufuyftyfESHcJhMuonf enf;wl (a&mr6) rdrdwdkY\ wpfckvkH;tm; bk&m;ociftwGuf tyfESHMu&efvdktyfonf/ (w&m;a[m 6;5/ 1aum 6;20)/ ]]touf&Sifaom}} ¤if;onf*sL;rsm; (0g) omoemyvlrsm; ay;vSLMuonfh aoqkH;aom,Zfaumifrsm;ESifh tjywfuJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ (6;13/ *v 2;20) ¤if;onf bmoma&;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;aMumifh udk,fcE¨m&SdraxmufrnSmjyKaom a,m*D0g'ESifhvnf; uJGjym;vSayonf/ tvdk&SdonfrSm udk,fcE¨mudk oD;oefYz,fxm;jcif;? nSOf;yef;jcif;r[kwfbJ? trIaqmif&Guf&ef vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mtoufwmESifh c&pfawmfenf;wlcspfjcif;arwÅm&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/

]]oefY&Sif;aom ,Zfaumif}} ]]oefY&Sif;onf }} [laom a0g[m&t"dyg,frSm ]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkyftwGuf oD;oefYcJGxm;onf}} [líjzpf\/ þusrf;ydk'f þa0g[m&\ qkdvdk&if;rSm ,kHMunfol\ qufuyfjcif;ESifh bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKEdkif&ef okH;í&Edkifoljzpfaejcif;jzpfonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;

1/ "r®a[mif;usrf; u/ a0g[m& kadosh (BDB 872) \ZpfjrpfrSm raocsmaomfvnf; cgeefpum;rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck (kd) \ t"dyg,frSm ]]cJGjcm;onf? ydkif;jcm;onf}} [lí jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm vlodrsm;aom t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufwpfckjzpfonfh bk&m;ociftokH;jyK&ef cJGxkwfxm;jcif;\ (cgeef"avh xkH;pHrS? w&m;a[m 7;6/ 14;2? 21/ 26;19) rl&if;jzpfonf/ c/ ¤if;onf t&m0w¬Krsm;? ae&mrsm;? tcsdefrsm;ESifh vlrsm;twGif; bk&m;ocif&Sdaejcif;udk ajymjyonf/ ¤if;udk urÇmOD;usrf;ü rokH;aomfvnf;xGufajrmuf&m? 0wfjyK&mESifh awmvnf&musrf;wdkYü tokH;rsm;aom pum;vkH; jzpfvmonf/ */ te,*wÅdusrf;rsm; (txl;ojzifh a[&Sm,ESifh a[ma&S) wGif tpydkif;ü taumiftxnf yk*¾dKvfyg0ifaomfvnf;? txl;wvnfjyKjcif; ray:vGifacs/ ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ tESpfom&tm; azmfjyjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpfvmonf/ (a[&Sm 6;3)/ bk&m;ocifoefY&Sif;onf/ oloefY&Sif;aMumif;tm; emrawmfonfudk,fpm;jyKonf/ bk&m;ocifvdktyfaom þurÇmay:bk&m;ocif\ Muiftifvu©Pudk azmfjy&efjzpfaom ol\ vlrsKdk;rsm;onf (y#dnOfw&m;u ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh emcHMuygu) oefY&Sif;Muonf/

C/ bk&m;ocif\ *½kPmawmfESifh arwÅmawmfwdkYu "r®oabmw&m;rsm;jzpfaom y#dnOfw&m;rsm;? w&m;rQwrIrsm;ESifh toufwrQta&;MuD;aom p½dkufvu©Pmrsm;rScJGxkwfír&acs/ þae&mwGif oefY&Sif;jcif;r&Sd? usqif;í ykefuefaom vlom;bufü bk&m;ociftxJwif;rmrI&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ]]*½kPmawmf<u,f0ol}}ESifh ]]oefY&Sif;awmfrlol}} jzpfjcif;tMum;qufpyfrItaMumif;tvGefpdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;aom aqmif;yg;wpfyk'f Robert B. Girdlestone \ Synonyms of the Old Testament pp. 112113ü &Sdygonf/

2/ "r®opfusrf;

u/ "r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf (vkumuvJTvQif) a[jAJvdkawG;awmolrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; trsm;okH; *&dpum; Koine Greek (*&dbmomjyef "r®a[mif;usrf;) \ vGrf;rdk;rIcH&olrsm;jzpfonf/ olwdkYokH;onfh a0g[m&rsm;udk vTrf;rdk;aom pdwful;? tawG; odkYr[kwf bmoma&;toufwmrSm *&dtqifhtwef;pmayr[kwfbJ? *&dbmomjyef"r®a[mif;usrf; (LXX) jzpfonf/

c/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocifjzpfum? bk&m;ocifESifh twlwlyifjzpfojzifh oefY&Sif;onf/ (vkum 1;35/ 4;34/ wref 3;14/ 4;27?30)/ olonf oefY&Sif;awmfrl olESi ajzmifhrwfawmfrlloljzpfonf/ (wref 3;14/ 22;14)/ a,½IoefY&Sif;&jcif;rSm tjypfuif;pifíjzpfonf/ (a,m 8;46/ 2aum 5;21/ a[jAJ 4;15/ 7;26/ 1ay 1;19/ 2;22/ 1a,m 3;5)

*/ bk&m;ocifoefY&Sif;awmfrIojzifh ol\ om;orD;rsm;vnf; oefY&Sif;Muonf/ (0wfjyK 11;44-45/ 19;2/ 20;7?26/ róJ5;48/ 1ay 1;16)/ a,½IoefY&Sif;awmfrIojzifh ol\ aemufawmfvdkufrsm;vnf; oefY&Sif;Mu&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8;28-29/ 2aum 3;18/ *v 4;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 1ouf 3;13/ 4;3/ 1ay 1;15)/ c&pf,mefrsm;rSm c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;jcif; tapcH&ef u,fwifjcif; &olrsm; jzpfMuonf/



]]bk&m;ocifvufcHEkdifbG,f&m}}

¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;uqDavsmfaom ylaZmfouúmudk &nfnTef;onf/ (i,f 2)? ¤if;udk vlrsm;tm; &nfnTef;&efokH;onfhtcg ]]tjypfwifp&muif;onf}}[laom oabmESifh qifwlonf/ (urÇm 6;9/ 17;1/ w&m;awm18;13/ a,mb1;1)



NASB ]]oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;tvkyf}}

NKJV ]]oifwdkYtwGuf oifhavsmfaomtrIaqmif&Gufjcif;}}

NRSV ]]oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&m0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;}}

TEV ]]oifwdkYjyK&rnfhppfrSefaom0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;}}

NJB ]]pOf;pm;wwfol owÅ0grsm;twGuf vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufaomt&mwpfck}} þa0g[m& (logikos) onf logizomai rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfjyD;t"dyÜg,frSm ]]qifjcifpOf;pm;onf}} [líjzpfonf/ (rmuk 11;31/1aum 13;11/ zd 4;8)/ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]aMumif;usKd;qDavsmfaom}} ]]usKd;aMumif;qifjcifwwfaom}} [lí t"dyÜg,f&SdEdkifonf/ odkYaomf 1ay 2;2rSm enf;wl 0dnmOfoabmjzifh vnf;okH;onf/ oabmrS wd&pämeftaoaumifrsm;jzifh tcef;tem;vkyfí ylaZmfjcif;rsm;ESifh qefYusifvsuf rdrd\ppfrSefaom Zmwdtm; todpdwftjynfht0jzifh ayvSLjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ociftvdk&SdonfrSm aeYpOfb0toufwmESifh rqdkifaom a'oqdkif&mvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;r[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwÅmtm;jzifh olYtm; tapcHaom uRefawmfwdkY\ b0toufwmrsm;jzpfonf/

12;2 ]]ykHo@mefrvdkufbJ}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE (odkYr[kwf PERFECT MIDDLE)

ESifh NEGATIVE PARTICLE aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfjyD; qufvufaeqJ tjyKtrlwpfck&yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf ti,f 2ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfjyD; zd 2;6-8ü&Sdaom jrifomaomjyifyajymif;vJjcif;ykHpH (schema, 2;8) ESifh twGif;ydkif;ü tESpfom&ajymmif;vJjcif; (morphe, 2;6-7) wdkY\ jcm;em;rIESifh qifwlonf/ ,kHmunfolwdkYonf usqif;aom þavmu (awmfvSefykefuefaom acwfa[mif;) xJü udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifh ¤if;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfaeqJ rSefaomfvnf;? ¤if;udkvdkufíajymif;vJroGm;bJ? c&pfawmfESifh wlnDjcif; (0dnmOf acwfopf) udkjywfom;pGm vdkufíajymif;vJ&ef wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfonf/

]]þavmu}} ¤if;rSm trSeftm;jzifh ]]uyfumv}} ages pum;vkH;jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkYonf uyfumvESpfrsKd;jrifxm;Muonf (róJ 12;32/ rmuk 10;30/ vkum 20;34-35)/ vuf&Sdqdk;qGrf;aom uyfumv (*v 1;4/ 2aum 4;4/ {zuf 2;2) ESifh vmvwHÅaom uyfumv (róJ 28;20/ a[jAJ 1;3/ 1a,m 2;15-17)jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf þuyfumvESpfckwdkY tHhtm;oifhbG,f&m xyfaeum? wif;rmrIjynfhaom tcsdefumvwpfckxJ touf&SifaeMuonf/ c&pfawmf\ ESpfrsKd;aom <uvmrIrsm;aMumifh bk&m;ocif\ ay:xGef;cJhjyD; ]]ESifh}} ray:xGef;&ao;aom EdkifiHawmfjzpfonfh ypöLyÜefESifh tem*wfESpfrsKd;vkH;txJü ,kHMunfolrsm; touf&SifaexdkifMuonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / þuyfumvESi ay:xGef;vwHhaom uyfumv "r®a[mif;ya&mzufrsm;onf tem*wfudk ypöKyÜefumvtm; qJGqefYvdkufjcif;wpfrsKd; tjzpfjrif xm;Muonf/ olwdkYtwGuf tem*wf[lonf tpöa&;tm; yx0De,fajrtm;jzifh e*dkrlvtae txm;jyefvnfa&muf&Sdapjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapolwdkYonf ¤if;udk aeYopfwpfaeYtjzpfvnf;jrifcJhMuonf/ (a,&Sm 65;17/66;22) tmjA[H\ tquftEG,frsm;onf YHWH udk (jynfESpf'PfcHjyD;aemufydkif;üyifvQif) wrifoufoufqufwdkufjiif;y,fcJhMujcif;twl? *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;\ tem*wfumvqdkif&mpmayrsm;ü (1{aem/ 4{Z&/ 2Am&kwf) ykHpHopfwpf&yfjzpfxGef;vmonf/ þta&;tom;rsm;ü uyfumvESpfrsKd;pwifcJGjcm;vmcJhMu&m

358

pmweftkyfpdk;onfh

qkd;qGrf;aom

vuf&SdumvESifh

0dnmOfawmftkyfpdk;onfh ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkif&m ay:xGef; vwHHhaom uyfumv[líjzpfjyD; ¤if;udk ar&Sd, (wefcdk;MuD;aom ppfonfawmf)tm;jzifh tpjyK vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m þu@mef (tem*wfüjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;) ay:vGifxif&Sm;aom wdk;wuf jzpfay:rIwpfck&Sdonf/ "r®oabmw&m;q&mrsm;onf ¤if;udk ]]qufvufjzpfay:wdk;wufaeaom zGifhjy awmfrIjcif;}} [kac:Muonf/ "r®opfusrf;onf pMuFm0VmvkH;qdkif&m þuyfumvESpfckwdkY\ ppfrGefrIudk twnfjyKaeonf/ (,m,DESpfck0g')

a,½I aygvk

a[jAJ róJ 12;32 a&mr 12;2 1;2 róJ 13;22-29 1aum 1;20/ 2;6?8/ 3;18 6;5 rmuk 10;30 2aum 4;4 11;3 vkum 16;8 *v 1;4 vkum 18;30 {zuf 1;21/2;1?7/6;12 vkum 20;34-35 1wd6;17 2wd 4;10 wdwk 2;12

"r®opfusrf;\ "r®oabmw&m;ü þ*sL;uyfumvESpf&yfwdkYudk arQmfvifhrxm;aomaMumifh rsufpdvTJ oGm;cJhMuaom (rjrifvdkufcJh&) ar&Sd,\ ESpfMudrfESpfcg<uvmjcif; qdkif&mtem*wdÅpum; rsm;aMumifh xyfqifhoGm;cJh&onf/ a,½Ivl0ifpm;um zGm;jrifawmfrljcif;onf uyfumvtopftm; tpjyKzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ ('Ha,v 2;44?45) rnfodkYqdkap "r®a[mif;usrf;onfvnf; c&pfawmf\ <uvmjcif;tm; w&m;olBuD;ESifh atmifEdkifoltjzpfjrifcJhonf rSefaomfvnf; yxrwpfMudrf 'ku©cHaom tapcHtjzpf (a[&Sm 53/ Zr&d 12;10) ESdrfhcsí El;nhHodrfarGYpGm (Zmc&d 9;9) <uvmcJhonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tem*wdÅpum;twdkif; olonf bkef;wefcdk;MuD;rm;pGmjzifhvnf; <uvmvdrfhrnf/ (Asm 19)/ þtqifhESpfqifhjynfhpkHjcif;onf EdkifiHawmfqdkonfrSm vuf&Sdumv (tpzGifhjcif;) jzpfaomfvnf; tem*wf (tjynfht0jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;r[kwf) vnf; jzpfaeaponf/ ¤if;rSm "r®opfusrf;xJ azmfjyonfhtwdkif;tpjyKcJhjyDjzpfaomfvnf; jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;r&Sdao;bJ? qufvufí qGJqefYjzpfay:aeonf/

]]ykHo@mefajymif;vJMuavmh}} ,kHMunfolrsm;onfowif;aumif;tm; Mum;&olrsm;omvQifr[kwfbJ ajymif;vJoGm;olrsm; jzpfMu&ygrnf (6;4/ 7;6/ 2aum 5;17/ *v 6;15/ {zuf 4;22-24/ aum 3;10) o'´gzGJUpnf;ykHt& þa0g[m&onf ]]rdrdudk,frdrdqufvufí ykHo@mefaMumif;vJ oGm;Muavm}}

PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE odkYr[kwf ]]qufvufí ykHo@mefaMumif;vJoGm;apjcif;cHMuavmh}}

PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE wpf rsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ txufu ]]ajymif;vJ}} pum;vkH;üvnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ tvm;wl qefYusifbuf oabmwpfcka,Z 18;31ü EdIif;,SOfp&m&Sdonf/ vlom;\ qufuyfrI? vkyfaqmifrIESifh bk&m;ocif\ vufaqmif a,Z 36;26-27 wdkYjzpfjyD; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;vdktyfonf/ þtvm;wlpum;vkH; ]]ykHo@mef}} udk xl;jcm;aomta&mif tqif;jzifha,½Iajymif;vJ&mwGif (róJ 17;2) tokH;jyKum? ocifbk&m;\ ZmwdtppftrSefudk zGifhjycJhonf/ þbk&m;Zmwdawmf (2ay 1;3-4) onf ,kHMunfolwdkif;txJ o@mefay:vGifae&rnfjzpfonf/ (2aum 3;18/ {zuf 4;13)

]]oifwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk qef;opfapjcif;jzifh}} ¤if;onf *&drl&if;pum;t&nftaoG;opf (kainos) rS qif;oufvmjyD; tcsdefumv topf (chronos) r[kwfacs/ *sL;rsm;tvdkt& tjriftm½kHESifh tMum;tm½HkwdkYrSm 0dnmOfjywif;aygufrsm;jzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufonf rdrdpdwful; (pOf;pm;) onfhtwdkif; jzpfvmonf/

u,fwifjcif;&jyD; aemuf,kHMunfolrsm;onf

0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfrIaMumifh

tawG;opf? tjrifopfrsm; ydkiffqdkifvmMuonf/ ({zuf 4;13? 23/ wduk 3;5)/ or®musrf;pmenf;ustopfaom þurÇmhtjrifonf 0dnmOfawmfusdef;0yfjcif;ESifhtwl ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESifh touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHaMumif;vJoGm;aponf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk 0dnmOfawmfpGrf;tm;ay;rIaMumifh t&m&mtm;vkH;0uJGjym;jcm;em;aom enf;jzifh? trSeftwdkif; ½IjrifMuonf/ a&G;EIwfjcif;cHaom? 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifaom pdwfESvkH;onf touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHopfwpfckay:aygufaponf! þt&mrSm y#dnOfw&m;opf\ uwdawmfyifjzpfayonf (a,& 31;31-34)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / jyefvnfqef;opf (AnakainŌsisS) þ*&da0g[m&üykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdum (anakainoŌ, anakainizŌ) [lítajcct"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/

1/ ]]wpfpkHwpf&mtm; topfESifh uJGjym;jcm;em;aomt&m wpfckjzpfaponf (ydkíaumif;)}} a&mr 12;2/ aum 3;10

2/ ]]wpfpkHwpf&mtm; ydkrdkESpfoufp&maumif;aom ,ciftajctaeodkY ajymif;vJoGm;aponf}} 2aum 4;16/ a[jAJ 6;4-6/ (Louw and Nida's Greek English Lexicon, 1. pp. 157, 594 rS ,lygonf/)

Moulton and Milligan wdkY\ The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament ü ajymonfrSm þa0g[m (anakkainosis) tm; aygvkrwdkifrD *&dpmayrsm;ü rawGY&acs[lownf;/ aygvkudk,fwdkif þa0g[m&tm;t opfwDxGifvdkufjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (pm- 34)

Frank Stagg, New Testament Theology pmtkyfü pdwf0ifpm;p&mrSwfcsufwpfck&SdonfhrSm 'kwd,topfarG;zGm;jcif;ESifh jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;udk bk&m;ocifuomydkifonf (0g) ESifhom oufqdkifaom tvkyfjzpfonf/ ]]jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;}} *&dpum;vkH; AnakkainŌsis rSm tjyKtrIjyaom emrfwpfrsKd;jzpfum? qufvufqef;opfjcif;udk azmfjy&ef tjcm;Mud,mESifh aygif;pyf tokH;jyKonf/ ykHpHudk a&mr 12;2 ü okH;onfh ]]oifwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk jyefvnfqef;opfapí? ykHo@mefajymif;vJMuavmh}} (ajymif;vJapjcif; cHMuavmh) [lívnf;aumif;? 2aum 4;16ü ]]igwdkY] twGif;vlonf wpfaeYjyD;wpfaeY jyefvnfqef;opf apjcif;cH&\}} [lívnf; aumavmoJ 3;10üazmjyonfh ]]vlopf}} jzpfaom ]]olYtm;zefqif;awmfrIol\ ykHo@mefawmfESifhtnDoduRrf;rItm;jzifh jyefvnfqef;opfapjcif;cH&ol}}... ponfwdkYü awGU&onf/ odkYjzifh ]]vlopf}} ]]topfaomtoufwm}} topfjyefvnfarG;jcif; ('kwd,tMudrftopfarG;zGm;jcif;) odkYr[kwf ]]jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;}}wdkYrSm rnfodkYyif azmfjyonfjzpfap topfudk ay;olESifh xm0&toufudk qufvyfwnfaeapol ocifonf tpjyKvyfaqmifolESifh qufvufvkyfaqmifoljzpfonf/}} (p. 118) ]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfudk oifwdkYodEdkifrnftaMumif;}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT INFINITE jzpfonf/ *&da0g[m& (dokimozo) udk auseyf ESpfoufrI&Sdap&efprf;oyfjcif;ESifh t"dyÜg,fwltjzpfokH;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 2;18ü Munfhyg/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfrSmvltm;vkH;c&pfawmfrSwqifh u,fwifjcif;& (a,m 6;39-40) jyD;vQif c&pfawmfenf;wltouf&SifoGm;&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 8;28-29/ *v 4;19/ {zuf 1;4/ 4;13?15/ 5;17-18)/ c&pf,mef\ pdwfcs&rIonf (txl;taMumif;t&m 5;2) atmufygwdkYudk tajcjyKonf/

1/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&ol bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;

2/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ usdef;0yfjcif; (a&mr 8;14-16)

3/ ,kHMunfol\ ajymif;vJcJhjyD;? ajymif;vJaeaom b0toufwm (,mukyf a,m[ef) ]]toD;roD;ygu? tjrpfr&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/}} (róJ 13;1-9? 19-23)/

360

]]bk&m;ocif\tvdkawm}}f atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf (thelēma) a,m[ef\c&pf0ifusrf;

- crnf;awmf\ tvdkawmfaqmif&Guf&ef a,½I<uvmonf (4;34/ 5;30/ 6;38)

- crnf;awmfonf om;awmfudk ay;orQtm;vkH;aom olwdkYtm; aemufqkH;aeYü aojcif;rSxap&ef (6;39)

- om;awmfudk ,kHMunfoltm;vkH; (6;29?40)

- qkawmif;jcif;tajz&&SdrIonf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmftwdkif;vkyffjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ (9;31ESifh 1a,m 5;14)

c&pf0ifusrf;yxrusrf;okH;usrf;rsm;

- bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfudkvkyfjcif;rSm tjywfqkH;jzpfaomt&mjzpfonf (róJ 7;21)

- bk&m;&Sif\ tvkdawmfudk vkyfjcif;onf a,½I\ nDtpfudk? armifESrjzpfvmaponf (róJ 12;50/ rmuk 3;35)

- rnfolrQrysufpD;&efrSm bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ (róJ 18;14/ 1wd 2;4/ 2 ay 3;9)

- um&eDukef;xdyfonf a,½ItwGuf crnf;awmf\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf (róJ 26;42/ vkum 22;42) aygvk\ Mo0g'pmrsm;

- ,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH; &ifhusufjcif;ESifh trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif; (a&mr 12;1-2)

- ,kMunfolwdkYudk qdk;oGrf;aom þuyfumvxJrS u,fEIwfonf (*v 1;4)

- bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfrSm a&G;EIwf&ef tpDtpOfawmfjzpfonf/ ({zuf 1;5? 9?11)

- ,kHMunfolrsm; 0dnmOfawmfudk awGUMuKHcHpm;um? 0dnmOfawmfESifh jynfhaeMu&ef ({zuf 5;17-18)

- ,kHMunfolrsm; bk&m;ociftm; oduRrf;jcif;ESifh jynfh0ae&ef (aum 1;9)

- ,kHMunfolrsm; jynfh0í pkHvifolrsm;jzpfap&ef (aum 4;12) - ,kHMunfolrsm; oefY&Sif;pifMu,fap&ef (1ouf 4;3)

- ,kHMunfolrsm;t&m&mü aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;Muap&ef (1ouf 5;18) ayw½k\ Mo0g'pmrsm;/

- ,kHMunfolrsm;rSef&mudk vkyfae&ef (tpdk;&Zif;rsm;tm;emcH&ef) xdkodkYjzifh rdkufrJrIrsm; wdwfqdwfoGm;ap&ef? owif;aumif;twGuf tcGifhaumif;jifqifay;&ef (1ay 2;15)

- ,kHMunfolrsm; 'ku¨qif;&JcHjcif; (1ay 3;17/ 4;19) - ,kHMunfolrsm;twÅudk A[dkjyKumtoufr&Sif&ef (1ay 4;2) a,m[ef\ Mo0g'pmrsm; - ,kHMunfolrsm; tpOfwnfjrJae&ef (1a,m 2;17) -,kMunfolrsm;qkawmif;csuf&&efaomhcsuf (1a,m 5;14)

]]aumif;rGefí vufoifhcHbG,f&mESifh pkHvifjynfh0aom}} ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif;&jyD;aemuf ,kHMunfolrsm; twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ (zd 4;4-9) ,kHMunfolwdkif;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ yef;wdkifrSm ,ckyifc&pfawmfESifhwlaom &ifhusufrIjzpfonf/ (róJ 5;48)/



]]pkHvifjynfh0aom}} þa0g[m&onf ]]&ifhusufaom? ay;tyfaomwm0eftm; aqmif&GufjyD;pD;&ef tjynfht0wyfqifay;onf/}} ]]&ifhrSnfhonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]pkHvifonf]] [k t"dyÜg,f&dS\/ tokH;jyKykHrSm

1/ ajcESifhvufrsm;usKd;oGm;cJhaomfvnf; aysmufuif;oGm;um? tokH;jyKEdkif&ef e*dktwdkif; jyefaumif;oGm;onf

2/ ig;zrf;ydkufrsm; aygufjyJoGm;cJhaomfvnf; zgax;jyKjyifum? ig;zrf;&ef wzefjyefí tokHk;0ifonf/

3/ Muufuav;rsm; ausmfpm;&ef aps;uGufwifbkdYt&G,f a&mufvmonf/

4/ &GufoabFmrsm;a&aMumif;c&D;xGuf&ef&Guf? MudK;tpkHwyfqifjyifqifonf/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 12;3-8

3ighudk ay;aom aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh igajymonfum; oifwdkYtxJu vlwdkif;udk rdrdudkk,frdrdxifoifhonf xufydkíjrifhrm;pGmrxifbJ? bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDtm; ,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tq wpckpD;ay;onfhtwdkif; aumif;pGm ydkif;jcm;í xifMu&efjzpf\/ 4taMumif;rlum; igwdkYonf udk,fcE¨mwpfckü udk,ft*Fgtrsm;&Sdum? xdkudk,ft*Fgrsm;tm;vkH; tvkyfvkyfykHcsif; rwlMuonfenf;wl? 5trsm;jzpfaom igwdkYonf c&pfawmf txJü wpfckwnf;jzpfMuum? t*Fgwpfckcsif;onf tcsif;csif;\ t*Fgrsm;jzpfMu\/ 6igwdkYudk ay;aom aus;Zl;awmfESifhtnD igwdkYonf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom qkvufaqmifrsm;&&SdMuonfjzpfí igwdkY wpfa,mufpDonf ¤if;wdkYudk vdkufí tokH;jyK&efjzpfonf/ ya&mzufjyKjcif;jzpfygu? ,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;twmudk vdkufvsuf? 7trIaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygu trIawmfudk aqmif&Gufcsuf? odkYr[kwfoGefoifaom olonf rdrd\ oGefoifjcif; trIvdkjyKvsuf 8wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfolonf rdrd\ wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfrIdudk jyKvsuf? ay;urf;aom olonf &ufa&mpGm ay;urf;vsuf? acgif;aqmifolonf ZJGvkYHvjzifh jyKum? *&kPmjyoolonf prf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifh jyKMuygrnftaMumif;wnf;/

12;3 ti,f 1-2 onf ]]pdwfESvkH;topf}} arG;jcif;tm; ydkí av;eufapon/f ti,f 3ü ]]xif}} (think) [laom pum;av;vkH;yg&Sdonf/ The Zondervan Study Guide Commmentary, Romans pmtkyfü Bruce Corley ESifh Curtis Vaughan wdkY\ avhvmokH;wyfcsufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/ ]]csJUum;aom tawG;... oifhavsmfaomtawG;...&nf&G,fcsufygaom tawG;... rSefaomtawG;}} (p. 138) þxl;jcm;pGmaom azmfjyrIrSm taxmuftul&ygonf/ þtcef;i,fonf 11;13-24 enf;wl atmufygwdkYudk ay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ 1/ a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESi ,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrI 2/ aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmudk au&dEÅKjrdKUrS a&;om;jcif;jzpfjyD; (ol\ wwd,tMudrfajrmuf óoemjyKc&D;tqkH;ü) xkdjrdKUü rmeaxmifvTm;rI? udk,fudkudk,f ajr§muf<um;rIrsm;olawGU&SdcJhonf/ ]]ighudk ay;aom aus;Zl;awmfrSwqifh}} ¤if;rSm AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifhxHawmfrS a&muf&Sdvmaom aus;Zl;awmfonf twdwfwpfcsdefu tjzpftysufwpfckjzpfonf/ ('roufjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:tjzpftysuf)/ þusrf;ydk'dü ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} [kqdk&mwGif 0dnmOfa&;&mqkaus;Zl;ESifh qdkifjyD; (15;15/ 1aum 3;10/ 15;10/ *v 2;9/ {zuf 3;7-8) ajzmifhrwfjcif;vufaqmifr[kwfacs/ (a&mr 4)/ ¤if;onf aygvkajymif;vJoGm;jcif;ESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf wrefawmftjzpfapvGwfcHjcif;udk nTef;onf/ (wref 9;15/ a&mr 1;1?5/ *v 1;15-16/ 2;7-8/ {zuf 3;1-2? 8/ 1wd 2;7/ 2wd 4;17)

vlwdkif;udk igajymonfum;}} ti,f3? &Sdowday;csufrSm acgif;aqmifrsm;omvQif r[kwfbJ? c&pf,mefrsm;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

rxifygrnftaMumif;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aygvkokH;aom Huper aygif;pyfpum;vkH;rsm; 1;30ü Munfhyg/

362

]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDudkay;onfhtwdkif;}} ¤if;rSm AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fMujcif;r[kwfacs/ (1aum 7;17/ 12;11/ {zuf 4;7)/ olwdkY u,fwifjcif;&onfhtcsdefü trsm;aumif;usKd;twGuf 0dnmOfawmfonf olwdkYudk ay;jcif;jzpf\/ (1aum 12;7)/ 0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl;wdkYrSm vlwpfOD;csif;tm; trGrf;wifaom *kPfj'yfqdkif&m trSwftom;rsm;r[kwfbJ? ,kHMunfolwdkif;wdkYonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mjzpfaom toif;awmftm; tapcH EdkifMuap&ef tapcHrsm;okH;aom yk0grsm;omvQifjzpfonf/ ]],kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tq}} ¤if;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdaom 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;udk xda&mufpGm tokH;jyKEdkifaom pGrf;&nfudk &nfnTef;csuf/ (i,f 6)/ 0dnmOfqkaus;&&Sd&mü aumif;aumif;rGefrGefjzpfoGm;ap&ef 0dnmOfawmf toD;rsm;jzpfusifhokH;&efjzpfonf/ (i,f9-12/ *v 5;22-23) qkaus;Zl;rsm;rSm rdrdaemufvdkufrsm;tm; cJGay;aom a,½I\ trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;jzpfum? toD;rsm;rSmrI c&pfawmf\ ESvkH;om;jzpfonf/ xda&mufaom trIawmfaqmif&GufrItwGuf ESpfrsKd;pvkH;vdktyfonf/

12;4 ¤if;rSm aygvka&;aompmrsm;ü okH;aeuswifpm;rIjzpfonf/ vlom;\ udk,fcE¨mt*Fgrsm; tcsif;csif;trSDtwG,f jyKaejcif;oabmonf toif;awmftm; qkaus;Zl;ay;jcif;taMumif;jyoonf/ (1aum 12;12-27/ {zuf 1;23/ 4;4? 12?16/ 5;30/ aum 1;18?24/ 2;19)/ c&pf,mef[lonf tpktaygif; jzpfonfenf;wl wpfOD;csif;vnf;jzpfonf/

12;5 ]]trsm;jzpfaom igwdkYonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mxJüwpfckjzpfMu\/}} ¤if;onf ,kHMunfolrsm; wpfvkH;wpf0wnf;jzpfjcif;ESifh trsKd;rsKd; tzkHzkHjzpfMuaMumif; tav;teufjyKonf/ ¤if;rSm toif;awmftwGif; qkaus;Zl;&&Sdjcif;\wif;rmrIjzpfonf/ 1aum&dEÅK 13xJu cspfjcif;arwÅmbJGUonf qkaus;Zl;trsKd;rsKd;&&Sdjcif;\ wif;rmrItaMumif;ajymjyonf/ (1aum 12ESifh 14)/ c&pf,mefwdkYrSm jydKifbufcsif;r[kwfbJ? r[mapcdkif; awmfrljcif;ü wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf;jzpfMuonf/

12;6-8 þtcef;i,frsm;rSm *&dusrf;ü 0guswpfckjzpfum PARTICIPLE Mud,mESpfvkH;yg0ifaomfvnf; yifrMud,mrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ ¤if;udk THIRD PERSON IMPERATIVE tjzpf bmomjyefavh&SdjyD; ]]MupdkY}} [líjzpfonf/

12;6 ]]vufaqmifrsm;.... aus;Zl;awmf}} ]]vufaqmifrsm;}} (charismata) ESifh ]]aus;Zl;awmf}} (charis) wdkYrSm *&drl&if;wpfckwnf;rSqif;oufvmjcif;jzpfjyD;}} ]]tcrJhay;onf}} [k t"dyÜg,f&onf/ 3;24\ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/ 0dnmOfawmf vufaqmifrsm;pm&if;udk 1aum&dEÅK 12/ a&mr 12/ {zuf 4 ESifh 1 ayw½k 4wdkYü awGU&onf/ xdkpm&if;rsm;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;rSm rwlnDojzifh tao;pdwf (0g) tjynfhtpkHr[kwfbJ? udk,fpm; jyKjcif;oabmrQomjzpf&ayrnf/ ,kHMunfolwdkY rdrd\ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;tm; rnfodkY cJGjcm;od&Sd Edkifrnfudk rajymjycJhbl;acs/ þtaMumif;t&mESifh qdkifí or®musrf;pmrS r[kwfaom c&pf,mef fynmtaumif;qkH;udk Inter Varsity tykHESdyfwdkuf\ pmtkyfi,fjzpfjyD; Paul Little a&;om;onfh Affirming the Will of God ü ygaom ed,rrsm;ü awGU&onf/ bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf odEdkif&ef þvrf;nTefcsufrsm;on vlwpfa,mufxda&mufpGm trIawmfaqmif&GufEdkifaom u@odEdkif&ef yHhydk;ygvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;udk rnfodkY qkaus;Zl;ay;onf odkYr[kwf rnfonfh qkaus;Zl;&&Sdonfqdkjcif;xuf,kHMunfolrsm;udk qkvufaqmifrsm; ay;xm;onf[k kod&Sdjcif;rSm trSefyifydkrdkta&;MuD;onf/

]]vQif^ygu}} ¤if;onf eite rS bmomjyefjcif;jzpfum ]]vQif ^ygu... }} [lí t"dyÜg,f&SdjyD; ti,f 6?7?8 wdkYü xyfcgwvJvJawGU&onf/ þti,fü rnfonfh Mud,mrQvdkufrvmaomfvnf; (1aum 3;22/ 8;5/ 2aum 5;10) PRESENT INDICATIVE wpfck vdkufvmavh&Sdonf/ (aum 12;26/ 2aum 1;6) xdkYaMumifh þ0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk azmfjyaom yxrwef;cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/



]]tem*wÅdpum;^ya&mzufjyKcsuf (pum;)}} ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;rSmuJhodkY bk&m;ocifay;aom zGifhjyawmf rljcif; (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom) owif;pum;rsKd;r[kwfacs/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ü ya&mzufrsm;onf or®musrf;pmudk a&;om;jyKpMuonf/ (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;)/ "r®opfusrf;ürIþpum;onf bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;udk a[majymaMumfjimjcif;jzpfonf/ MudKwifa[majymjcjif; (ya&mzufjyKjcif;) vnf;ygEdkifonf/ (wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 21;10-11)/ owif;pum;topfa[majymjcif;r[kwfbJ owif;aumif; {0Ha*vd w&m;ESifh ¤if;tm; ,aeYrnfodkY usifhokH;&rnfudk &Sif;vif;jcif;jzpfonf/ þa0ga[m&ü ykHaoum;us[lí r&SdbJ? ajymif;vJí okH;Edkifaom oabm&Sdonf/ ¤if;onf ,kHMunfolwpfOD;trIawmfvkyfaejcif; (1aum 14;1? 39) ESifh 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;wpfckudk &nfnTef;onfhtcgvnf; &Sdonf/ (1aum 12;28/ 14;29/ {zuf 4;11)/ ajymif;vJí tokH;jyKEdkifjcif;oabmudk þa&mrMo0g'pmESifh wpfcsdefwnf; cefYü aygvka&;aom aum&dEÅKMo0g' pmapmifrsm;üvnf; awGY&onf/ (1aum 12;10? 12/ 13;8/ 14;1?5?29?39)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / "r®opfusrf;tem*wdÅpum; (ya&mzufjyKjcif;)

1/ ¤if;onf YHWH xHrS zGifhjyawmfrIjcif;jzpfonfh 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;qdkif&m (wref 3;18? 21/ a&mr 16;26) *sL;&AÁdq&mMuD;rsm;\ t"dyÜg,fyGg;wpfckjzpfaom "r®a[mif;ya&mzufjyKjcif;ESifh rwl? wpfjcm;pDjzpfonf/ (BDB 611) ya&mzufrsm;uomvQif or®musrf;pmtm; a&;om;Edkifonf/ u/ arma&Sudk ya&mzufwpfyg;[kac:onf/ (w&m;a[m 18;15-21)

c/ ordkif;^&mZ0ifusrf;rsm; a,m½I "r®&mZ0ifusrf;rsm; (½koryg)u ]]a&S;OD;ya&mzufusrf;rsm;}} [kac:onf/ (wref 3;24) */ ya&mzufrsm;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS taMumif;Mum;csuf\ t&if;tjrpftjzpf,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;\ ae&mudk ,lxm;Muonf/ (a[&Sm,? rmvcd)

C/ a[jAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;\ 'kwd,wJGudk ]] ya&mzufusrf;rsm;}} [kac:onf/ (róJ 5;17/ 22;40/ vkum 16;16/ 24;25/27/ a&mr 3;21)/

2/ "r®opfusrf;ü xdkoabmudk trsKd;rsKd;okH;onf

u/ "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh olwdkY\ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom owif;pum; (róJ 2;23/ 5;12/ 11;13/ 13;14/ a&mr 1;2)/

c/ tpktaygif;xuf wpfOD;wpfa,muftwGuf owif;pum;udk nTef;onf ("r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;\ a[majymcsufrsm;rSm rlvtm;jzifh tpöa&;udk ajymonf)

*/ ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[efESifh (róJ 11;9/ 14;5/ 21;26/ vkum 1;76) a,½IwdkYtm; bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmftm;aMumfjimolrsm;tjzpf &nfnTef;onf/ (róJ 13;57/ 21;11?46/ vkum 4;24/ 7;16/ 13;33/ 24;19)/ a,½Iudk,fawmfwdkifonf rdrdrSm ya&mzufwdkY xufMuD;jrwfoljzpfaMumif;ajymonf/ (róJ 11;9/ 12;41/ vkum 7;26/

C/ "r®opfusrf;xJtjcm; ya&mzufrsm; 1/ vkum c&pf0ifusrf;xJrSwfwrf;wifxm;onfhtwdkif; a,½I\ tapmydkif;b0 (rm&d\ rSwfom;rIrsm;) (u) {vdZbuf (vkum 1;41-42)

(c) Zmc&d (vkum 1;67-79)

(*) &Sdrkef (vkum 2;25-35)

(C) tEé (vkum 2;36)

2/ wpfzufvSnfha[mudef;rsm; (um,z? a,m[ef 11;51) i/ {0Ha*vda[molrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf (a[majymjcif;qkvufaqmifrsm; 1aum 12;28?29/ Pzuf 4;11/ p/ toif;awmfxJ qufvufaeaom qkvufaqmif (róJ 23;34/ wrefawmf 13;1/ 15;32/ a&mr 12;6/ 1aum 12;10?28-29/ 13;2/ {zuf 4;11)/ ¤if;onf wcgwavtrsKd;orD;rsm;ü jzpfonf/ (vkum 2;36/ wref 2;17/ 21;9/ 1aum 11;4-5) q/ tem*wfa[mMum;csufjzpfaom Asm'dwfusrf;u nGef;onf (Asm 1;3/ 22;7?10?18?19)

3/ "r®opf ya&mzufrsm; u/ "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm; (or®musrf;pm) uJho 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aomtjcm; Asm'dwf awmf frsm;ray;Muacs/ ]],kHMunfjcif;}} qdkaom pum;onf wrefawmf 6;7/ 13;8? 14;22/ *v 1;23/ 3;23/ 6;10/ zdvdyÜd 1;27/ ,k' 3?20 wdkYü yg&Sdojzifh þt&mrSm rSefuefEdkifonf/ þoabmudk ,k' 3ü &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&onf/ ]]oefY&Sif;olwdkYü txufu tyfay; (wpfcgwnf;ESifh tjyD;tydkif tjrJtwGuf) cJhjyD;aom ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;}} ... [lí yg&Sdonf/ ]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tjrJtwGuf ,kHMunfjcif;}} [kqdk&mü or®musrf;rsm;? Mo0g'rsm;? cH,lcsufrsm;? c&pf,mef\ avmutjrifwdkYudk qdkvdkonf/ ]]wpfcgwnf;ESifh tjrJtwGuf}} [lítav;teufajymjcif;onf "r®opfusrf;a&;om;jyKpkjcif;twGuf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;udk &nfnTef;jyD;¤if;tm; "r®oabmw&m;t& uefhowfrIjyK&ef or®musrf; enf;us tajccHjzpfum? ¤if;onf aemufydkif; (0g) tjcm;a&;om;rIrsm;udk zGifhjyjcif;tjzpf cGifhrjyKacs/ "r®opfusrf;ü t"dyÜg,f roJuJGaom? r&Sif;vif;aom? raocsmaom u@rsm;pGm&SdonfrSefaomfvnf; ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh usifhokH;jcif;twGuf vdktyfaomt&m tm;vkH; "r®opfusrf;ü vkHavmuf&Sif;vif;pGmyg&Sdonf[k ,kHMunfol lrsm;onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh twnfjyKonf/ þoabmu ]]zGifhjyjcif;qdkif&mMwd*H}} onf tao;pdwfjyoonf/

(1) bk&m;ocifonf tcsdefae&m\ ordkif;xJ rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyonf/ (zGifhjyjcif; (REVELATION)

(2) olonf rdrd\ vkyfaqmifrItm; rSwfwrf;jyK&efESifh &Sif;jy&ef tcsKdUvlom;pma&;q&mrsm; a&G;cs,fonf/ (0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;)

(3) vlom;rsm;onf þa&;om;rIrsm;udk em;vnfEdkif&ef olwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;rsm;udk zGifhay;ap&ef bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ 0dnmOfawmfudk olwdkYtm;ay;onf/ em;vnfonfqdk&mü twdtusr[kwfbJ u,fwifjcif;ESifh c&pf,meftoufwmxda&mufap&ef vkHavmufjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ (em;vnf oabmaygufapjcif;)/ t"duqdkvdkcsufrSm 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;[lonf or®musrf;pm a&;om; olrsm;ü uefYowfxm;onf [lí jzpf\/

trdefYtmPmydkifaom aemufxyfta&;tom;? ½lyg½kH (0g) zGifhjyjcif; [lír&Sdacs/ or®musrf;pmudk uefYowfxm;cJhjyDjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifudk oifhavsmfvkHavmufpGm wkHUjyefEdkif&ef vdktyforQ or®musrf;pmwdkUü &SdcJhjyDjzpf\/ þor®mw&m;udk or®musrf;pma&;om;olrsm;\ oabmnDnTwfrIü taumif;qkH;awGU&onf/ ¤if;rSm pdwf&if;rSefjyD;? bk&m;udk &dkaoaom ,kHMunfoltcsKdU\ oabmxm;rnDnTwfrIESifh rlqefYusifbufjzpfaeonf/ acwfopfpma&;ol? a[majymolrnfolürqdk or®musrf;pma&;om;olrsm;ü &SdcJhaom bk&m;\ tcGifhtmPm acgif;aqmifrItqifhtwef;r&Sdacs/

c/ "r®opf ya&mzufrsm;onf "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh qifwlrItcsKdU&Sdonf/

(1) a&SUjzpfa[mjcif; (aygvk?wrefawmf 27;22/ tm*Ak wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 21;10?11/ tjcm;emrnf razmfjyaom ya&mzufrsm;? wrefawmf 20;23)

(2) w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk aMumfjim (aygvk 13;11/ 28;25-28)

(3) tjzpftysufwpfck ay:vGifpGm o½kyfazmfaom ykHaqmifcsuftjyKtrl (tm*Ak wrefawmf 21;11)

*/ {0Ha*vd or®mw&m;udk a&SUjzpfa[mjcif;ykHpHjzifh wpfcgwpfavaMumfjimMuonf (wrefawmf 11;27-28/ 20;23/ 21;10-11)/ odkYaomf ¤if;rSm rlvpl;pdkufrI[kwfacs/ 1aum&dEÅKxJyg&Sdonfh ya&mzufjyKjcif;rSm tajccHtm;jzifh owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[mjcif;jzpfonf/ (14;24?39)

C/ topfaom tajctae "avhxkH;pH (0g) tcsdefumvwpfckpDtwGuf acwfjydKifzGifhjyrIrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;tm; vufawGUtokH;jyK&ef xdk"r®opf ya&mzufrsm;rSm 0dnmOfawmf\ acwfjydKif vkyfaqmifrI jzpfonf/ (1aum 14;3)

i/ aygvk yg0ifaom toif;awmfrsm;\ tapmydkif;umvrsm;ü olwdkYvIyf&Sm;yg0ifMuonf/ (1aum 11;4-5/ 12;28?29/ 13;29/ 14;1?3?4?5?6?22?24?29?31?32?37?39/ {zuf 2;20/ 3;5/ 4;11/ 1ouf 5;20)

Didache üvnf; ya&mzufrsm;taMumif;azmfjyum (yxr&mpk aemufydkif; (0g) 'kwd,&mpktwGif; a&;om;onf/ tcsdefumvraocsm) ajrmuftmz&duü 'kwd,ESifhwwd,&mpkESpfrsm;twGif; rGefwed0g' (Montanism) üvnf; azmfjyonf/

4/ "r®opfusrf;xJ qkaus;Zl;rsm;&yfqdkif;oGm;cJhjyDaom u/ þar;cGef;udk tajzay;&ef cufcJonf/ qkaus;Zl;rsm;ay;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuftm; t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfjcif;onf xdktaMumif;t&m&Sif;vif;a0&ef ulnDonf/ xdkqkaus;Zl;rsm;onf {0Ha*vd w&m;tpjyKa[majymjcif;tm; twnfjyKay;&ef t"duavm¿ odkYr[kwf toif;awmfonf rdrdudk,frdrdESifh aysmufqkH;aom urÇmMuD;tm; tapcH&ef qufvufaeaom enf;y,frsm;avm¿ c/ þar;cGef;udk tajz&ef toif;awmfordkif; (0g) "r®opfusrf;b,f[mudk Munfhrnfenf;¿ qkaus;Zl;rsm; acwÅ,m,DtwGufom jzpfonf[laom azmfjycsufrsKd; "r®opfusrf;ü r&Sdacs/ þudpötaMumif;ajym&ef 1aum 13;8-13 tokH;jyKvdkolrsm;onf xdpmydk'fü pma&;ol\ &nf&G,fcsufudk vTJrSm;pGm okH;jcif;omjzpfonf/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'fü cspfjcif;arwÅmuvJTvQift&m tm;vkH;aysmufuG,f rnftaMumif; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ */ tcGifhtmPmqdkonfrSm toif;awmfordkif;r[kwfbJ? "r®opfusrf;omvQifjzpf&um;?qkaus;Zl;rsm; qufvuf foGm;aeonf[k ajym&ef uREkfyfaoG;aqmifjcif;cHae&ygonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapteufjyefjcif;udk ,Ofaus;rI (culture) onf xdcdkufonf[k uREkfyf,kHMunfonf/ rl&if;pmü tvGef&Sif;vif;aomt&m tcsKdUtokH; jyKír&awmhacs/ (oefY&Sif;aomterf;? trsKd;orD;acgif;zkH;? tdrfü toif;awmfpnf;a0;jcif; ... pojzifh) ,Ofaus;rIonf rlvpmudk xdcdkufonf qdkygu? toif;awmfordkif;onf tb,faMumifh rxdcdkufbJ aernfenf;¿)

C/ ¤if;rSm twdtusrajzEdkifaom &dk;pif;onfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ tcsKdU,kHMunfolrsm;onf ]]&yfqJjcif;}} twGuf ckcHumuGufay;MurnfjzpfjyD;? tjcm;olrsm;onf ]]r&yfqJjcif;}} twGu ckcHajymqdkMurnfjzpfonf/ tjcm;aom teufjyefjcif; u@rsm;pGm rSmenf;wl þu@müfvnf; ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;rSm t"duaomhcsufjzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;xJu t"dyÜg,fwdusonfh rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ,Ofaus;rI ordkif;onf xdcdkufrI&SdjyD;? rnfonf taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm tcsdeftm;vkH;ESifh toif;awmf tm;vkH;twGuf jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&efcufcJonf/ Fee and Stuart's How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, pp. 14-19ESifh 69-77) vGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef&SdrItaMumif; a&mr 14;1-15;13 ESifh 1aum 810 wdkYü aqG;aEG;csufwdkYta&;MuD;onf/ þar;cGef; tajzay;&mü ta&;MuD;tcsufESifh &yf&Sdonf/

(1)

,kHMunfolwkdif;onf rdrdwdkYü&Sdaom tvif;tm;jzifh oGm;&efjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdwdkY\ ESvkH;om;ESifh rdrdwdkY bmhaMumifhvkyfonf[laomt&mudk Munfhonf/ (2) ,kHMunfolwdkif;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; olwdkY\ ,kHMunfem;vnfrItm;jzifh oGm;cGifhjyK&ygrnf/ or®musrf;pm\ uefUowfrIe,fy,ftwGif; onf;cHjcif;&Sd&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk olcspfawmfrlonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkYtcsif;csif;udkvnf; cspfapvdkonf/

i/ þtaMumif;t&m\ tusOf;csKyfrSm c&pf,mefonf ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmjzifh touf&Sifjcif;jzpfjyD; pkHvifjynfh0aom "r®oabmw&m;wpf&yfr[kwfac/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ qufqHa&;udk tusKd;oufa&mufonfh bk&m;&SifESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ qufqHa&;onf wdusaom taMumif;t&mwpfck (0g) t,l0g'xufydkrdkta&;ygonf/

]],kHMunfjcif;twdkif;twmudk vdkufvsuf}} ¤if;onf ti,f 3üonfh ]]bk&m;ocifonf wpfa,mufpDtm; ,kHMunfjcif;twdkif;tqwpfckpDay;onfhtwdkif;}} qdkonfhtcsufESifh wdkuf&kdufqufoG,fonf/ ({zuf 4;7)/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY&&Sdonfh qkaus;Zl;tm; rnfodkY tokH;jyK&rnfudkajymaom ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh taMumif;t&mESifhvnf; qufpyf&ygrnf/ tajccHtm;jzifh *v 5;22-23ü pm&if;jyKpkxm;onfh 0dnmOfawmf toD;jzpfaom rdrdwdkYwpfOD;csif;tm; bk&m;ocifay;onfh trIawmfrsm; aqmif&Guf&mü ,kHMunfol\ pdwfaeoabm? vkyf&jcif;taMumif;&if;ESifh pGrf;tm;rsm;taMumif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/

12;7

NASB ]]trIaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygu}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]odkYr[kwf trIaqmif&Gufjcif;? ¤if;udk igwdkY\ trIaqmif&Gufjcif;ü tokH;jyKMupdkY}}

TEV ]]tapcH&efjzpfygu? uRefawmfwdkY tapcHjcif;jyK&ygrnf}}

NJB ]]tkyfcsKyfjcif;twGufjzpfygu? ¤if;udk tkyfcsKyfjcif;twGufokH;yg}}

*&da0g[m& (diakonia)twGuf wdusaom t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;r&Sdojzifh acwfopfbmomjyef usrf;rsm;uJGjym;&jcif;jzpfonf/ jzpfEdkifaom t"dyÜg,frSm (1) vufawGUaqmif&Gufjcif;odkYr[kwf (2) tkyfcsKyfjcif;jzpfonf/ (wrefawmf 6;1/ 1aum 12;5?28)/ Harold K Moulton jyKpkonfh The Analitical Greek Lexicon Revised) a&mr 12;7/ 1aum 12;5/ aum 4;17/ 2wd 4;5 wdkYü ]]tvkyfvkyfykH? trIawmfodkYr[kwf&kH;}} [k t"dyÜg,fzGifhonf/ (pm-92)/ usrf;pum;tquftpyft& t"dupl;pdkufjyKonfrSm tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;udk ulnDjcif;jzpfonf/



]]oGefoifaomolrsm;onf ..... oGeffoifjcif;jyKvsuf}}qkvufaqmif (didasko) udk 1aum 12;28Esifh 14;26 wdkYü pm&if;jyKpkxm;onf/ ¤if;onf wrefawmf 13;1u ya&mzufrsm;? {zuf 4;11u oif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESifh qufpyfonf/ þqkaus;Zl;&&Sdolrsm;onf trsKd;rsKd;aom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tvkyfvkyfaeMuaMumif; ueOD;toif;awmfonf &Sif;vif;pGmjrifxm;onf/ a[majymjcif; ya&mzufjyKjcif;? {0Ha*vdvkyfjcif;ESifh oGefoifjcif;tm;vkH;wdkYonf {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumfjimjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? txl;jyKrIESifh enf;vrf;uJGjym;onf/ 12;8

]]wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfolrsm;onf ... wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfjcif;jyKvsuf}} þa0g[m&jzpfaom (parakaleo) onf oGefoifjcif;ESifh qufpyfonf/ (1wd 4;13)/ ¤if;rSm or®mw&m;tm; b0toufwmü usifhokH;wwfjcif;udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;jyif {zuf 4;15?16ü ]]or®mw&m;udk arwÅmjzifh ajymvsuf... udk,fcE¨monf rdrdudk,frdrdarwÅmjzifh wnfaqmufvsuf...}} wdkYESifhvnf; qufpyfonf/

]]ay;urf;aom olonf &ufa&mpGm ay;urf;vsuf}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / &ufa&mjcif; ^pdwf&if;rSefjcif;(HAPLOTES) þa0g[m& (haplotes) ü ]]&ufa&m}} odkYr[kwf ]]pdwf&if;rSef}} [laom t"dyÜg,fyÜg;ESpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm ½lyg½kH (vision) ESifh qufpyfaom wifpm;rIjzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif rsufpdudk vIyf&Sm;jcif;taMumif;&if;tm; wifpm;jcif;tjzpfESpfrsKd;okH;onf/

1/ qdk;aom rsufvkH; (uyfap;eJjcif;/ w&m;a[m 15;9/ okwÅH 23;6/ 28;22/

2/ aumif;aom rsufvkH; (&ufa&mjcif;/ okwÅH 22;9) a,½Ionf þokH;EIef;yHkudk vdkufonf/ (róJ 6;22-23/ 20;15) aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,fESpfrsKd;jzifh okH;onf/

1/ ]]½kd;pif;jcif;}} pdwf&if;rSefjcif;? pifMu,fjcif; (2aum 1;12/ 11;3/ {zuf 6;5/ aum 3;22)

2/ ]]&ufa&mjcif;}} (a&mr 12;8/ 2aum 8;2/ 9;11/ 13)



]]acgif;aqmifaom olonf ZJGvkHYvjzifh}} ¤if;onf c&pf,mefacgif;aqmifrItm; &nfnTef;onf/

]]u½kPmjyolonf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifh}} ¤if;onf vlemrsm;ESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm; ulnDrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ EIwfuywfawmf a[majymjcif;ESifh ,kHMunfol todkif;t0dkif;\ vlrIa&;udpörsm;udk pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm; tm; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sdap&acs/ ¤if;wdkYrSm '*Fg;jym;wpfjym;\ ESpfzufomvQifjzpfonf/ odkYaomf ]]vlrIa&; {0Ha*vd w&m;}} [lír&SdbJ ]]{0Ha*vdw&m;}} omvQif&Sdonf/

ti,f 1-8 twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;

1/ oif\ udk,fcE¨mtm; touf&Sifaom ,Zfaumiftjzpfay;vSLqufuyfjcif;ü rnfonfh t&myg0ifoenf;¿

2/ ,kHMunfolwdkif;ü 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;&Sdygovm; (3-8/ 1aum 12;7) odkYjzpfvQif rdrdMudKuf&mudk a&G;,lMujcif;avmh¿

3/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;¿

4/ or®usrf;pmü 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm; tjynfhtpkHygaom pm&if;&Sdygovm;¿

5/ vlwpfa,mufonf rdrd&aom qkaus;Zl;udk rnfodkY cJGjcm;od&Sd&oenf;¿

ti,f9-20 tm; usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif; u/ þu@udk ]]wpfOD;csif;qdkif&m? qufqHa&;twGuf c&pf,mefvrf;nTefcsufrsm;}} [lí taumif;qkH; acgif;pOfwyfEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm cspfjcif;arwÅmESifh qdkifaom vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;taMumif; aqG;aEG;rI Ijzpfonf/ (róJ 5-7/ 1aum 13/ 1,m 3;18/ 4;7-21)/

c/ a&mrtcef;MuD; 12onf taMumif;t&mESifh wnfaqmufykHwdkYü 1aum&dEÅK 12-13 ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;taMumif; aqG;aEG;jyD;onfESifh wjydKifeufrmefrmetm; owday;jcif;ESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmtm; touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHwpfcktjzpf usifhokH;jcif;wdkYudk tav;teufjyKrIrsm;vdkufygvmonf/

*/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'ftwGif;yg&SdonfrSm 1/ tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;ESifh qufqHjcif; (12;9-13) ¤if;taMumif; 14;1-15;13ESifh 1aum 8;11/ 10;2333wdkYü vnf; tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;onf/

2/ r,kHMunfolrsm;odkYr[kwf ydkí jzpfEdkifonfrSm y#dyu©jzpfaeaom tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;ESifh qufqHa&; (12;14-21) jzpfonf/ þu@onf a,½I\ awmifay:a'oemawmftm; xif[yfonfESifhwlonf/ (róJ 5-7)/

3/ þtydkif;\ pmydk'fcJGykHrSm vlYvuf&moufoufjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm u@wpfckESifhwpfck xyfaeonf/

C/ þpmydk'fü touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwGuf awmufavQmuf ynwfcsufrsm;MuD;pdk;aeonf/ (PRESENT IMPERATIVE i,f 4 (okH;cg)? 16? 20 (ESpfcg)? 21 (ESpfcg) ESifh PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE tm; IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh tMudrfaygif;wq,fckESpfcg) okH;onf/ u,fwifjcif;[lonf c&pfawmfjyD;pD;cJhaom tvkyfESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ ydk;yef;rIrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfqdkif&m tcrJhvufaqmifjzpfonfrSefaomfvnf; ¤if;udk wpfcgvufcHcJhjyDqdkvQif t&mcyfodrf;udk ay;qyfaom qufuyftyfESHjcif;ESifh touf&Sifjcif; ykHpHwpfckjzpfonfμ a,½Iudk ]]udk,fawmf&Sif}} [kac:jcif;rSm wifpm;rIwpfrsKd;um;r[kwfygacs (vkum 6;46)μ i/ þpmydk'fonfvnf; qufvufjzpfay:aecJhjyD;jzpfaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktm; &yfwHhvdkufjcif;t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom

NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg&Sdaom IMPERATIVE t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;onfh

PRESENT PARTICIPLE tawmfrsm;rsm;yg&Sdonf/ ti,f 14? 16 (ESpfMudrf)? 17?19 ESifh 21/ c&pf,mefwdkUrSm tuefYtowfrJhtouf&SifaeMujyDjzpfonfμ tjypf[lonf tjrifwpfrsKd;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ qkaus;Zl;rsm;udk bk&m;ocifay;onfh uefYowfrIabmiftm; ausmfvGefí ,lxm;jcif;[k t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfEdkifonf/ p/ c&pf,mef[lonf ]]zGifhxm;aomt&m}} jzpf&ygrnf/ zGifhxm;aom pdwfESvkH;? zGifhxm;aomvuf? zGifhxm;aomwHcg; (,mukyf 2) pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 12;9-13 9cspfjcif;arwÅmonf [efaqmifjcif;ESifh uif;ap? qdk;aomt&mudk &&SmMuavmh/ aumif;aomt&mü wG,fuyfMuavmh/ 10npftpfudk cspfjcif;arwÅmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspftm; MuD;Muavmh/ *kPfjyK&mü tcsif;csif;wdkYtm;ydkíjyKMuavmh/ 11ZJGvkH;vjyK&mü aESmifhaES;usefscJhjcif;r&SdaESmifh/ ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&mü pdwftm;xufoefMuavmh/ 12arQmfvifhvsuf 0rf;ajrmufMuavmh/ 'ku©a&mufonfhtcg ZGJ&SdMuavmh/ qkawmif;jcif;ü qufuyfMuavmh/ 13oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ulnDMuavmh/ {nfhonf0wfudkjyKMuavmh/ 12;9

]]cspfjcif;arwÅmonf [efaqmifjcif;ESifh uif;ap}} *&dvufa&;usrf;ü pum;vkH;csif; tquftpyf (asyndeton) r&Sdjcif;rSm *&dt&yfokH;pum; Koine Greek ü rMuHKpzl;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm róJ 5xJu aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;\ a[jAJo'´goabmxif[yfrIjzpfEdkifonf/ þo'´gzGJUpnf;ykHonf þpum;pk wpfckpDrSm wpfckcsif;oD;oefY&yfwnfaom or®mw&m;wpfckpDtm; tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfayrnf/ ]][efaqmif hypocrisy}} [lonf ]]rsufESmzkH;pGyfí pum;ajymjcif;}} [laom ZmwfobifokH; a0g[m&jzpfonf/ cspfjcif;arwÅmtm; [efaqmifíjzpfap? twkvkyfíjzpfap rupm;&acs/ (2aum 6;6)/ cspfjcif;arwÅmonf ,kHMunfolrsm;\ Muiftifvu©Pmjzpfonf/ (a,m 13;34-35/ 15;12?17/ 1a,m 3;11?18/ 4;7-21)/ taMumifrSm ¤if;onf bk&m;ocif\ Muiftifvu©mjzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/

]]qdk;aomt&mudk &GH&SmMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsmm;onf qdk;oGrf;rIudk thHMoum? ¤if;udk qefYusifawmfvGefMu&efvdkonf/ (1ouf 5;2122)/ rdrdwdkY\ toufwmtm; wdkuf&dkufxdcdkufaom tusKd;qufrsm;udk omvQif uRefawmfwdkY tHhtm;oifhavh&SdMuonf/

NASB, NKJV ]]aumif;aomt&mü wG,fuyfMuavmh/}} NRSV ]] aumifaomt&mudk jrJjrJqkyfudkifMuavmh/}} TEV ]] aumif;aomt&mudk qufvufpJGudkifMuavmh/}}

NJB ]]aumif;aomt&mü uyfaeMuavmh/}}

¤if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE (odkYaomf MIDDLE oabmjzifh okH;onfh PARTICIPLE jzpfjyD; IMPERATIVE jzifh okH;onfh ]]aumfjzifhuyfonf}} [k qdkvdkonf/ (LXX \ urÇm 2;24/ wref 8;29 ESifh zdvdyÜd 4;8/ 1ouf 5;21-22 wdkYüvnf tvm;wlokH;onf/) ZJGvkHYvESifhpJGjrJjcif;vdktyfrIrsm;udk rSwfom;ygμ

12;10

NASB ]]nDtpfudkarwÅmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspftm;MuD;Muavmh/}}

NKJV ]]nDtpfudkarwÅmjzifh tcsif;csif;cspfcifMuifemMuavmh/}}

NRSV ]]tjyeftvSeftcspfjzifh tcsif;csif;cspfMuavmh/}}

TEV ]]c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh tcsif;csif;aEG;axG;pGmcspfavmh/}}

NJB ]]nDtpfudkrsm;ü jyK&rnfhtwdkif;? wwfEdkiforQwpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufcspfMuavhm/}} ¤if;rSm ]]nDtpfudkarwÅm}} ESifh ]]rdom;pkarwÅm}} ESpfckaygif;pyfaom *&da0g[m& (phileo + storge) jzpfjyD; "r®opfusrf;wGif þae&müomokH;onf/ uREkfyfwdkYtcsif;csif;cspfMu&rnf[k ynwfxm;onf (1ouf 4;9)/

4if;rSm *&d0gusrsm;ü tav;teufjyK&ef yxrqkH;onfhoGif;tokH;jyKonfh yxrqkH; dative wJGrsm;jzpfonf/



NASB ]]*kPfjyK&mü tcsif;csif;wdkYtm; ydkíjyKMuavmh/}}

NRJV ]]*kPfjyK&mü tcsif;csif;wdkYtm; ydkí ay;Muavmh/}}

NRSV ]]*kPfjyK&mü tcsif;csif;ay;Muavmh/}}

TEV ]]tcsif;csif;&dkaoav;pm;rIjyo&ef pdwftm;oefMuavmh/}}

NJB ]]tcsif;csif;av;eufpGm &dkaoav;pm;Muavmh/}}

¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdESifh y#dnOfcHazmf? cHbufjzpfaom tjcm;olrsm;udk rdrdxufydkí ta&;MuD;olrsm; tjzpfjyKrIqufqH&ygrnf/ ({zuf 4;2/ zd;2;3)

12;11

NASB ]]ZJGvkHYvjyK&mü aESmif;aES;usefcJhjcif;r&SdMuESifh/}}

NRJV ]]ZJGvkHYvjyK&mü raESmifhaES;MuESifh/}}

NRSV ]]

pdwftm;MuD;&mü rzifhETJMuESifh/}}

TEV ]]tvkyfMudK;pm;í rysif;&dMuESifh/}}

NJB ]]rem;raetm;[kwfvsuf ocifbk&m;twGuf tvkyfvkyfMuavmh/}} ppfrSefaomarwÅmonf MuD;rm;aompGrf;tm;jzpfay:aponf/ (*v 6;9)/



NASB, NKJV ]]pdwftm;xufoefMuavmh/}}

NRSV ]]pdwf"mwfjyif;jyMuavmh/}}

TEV ]]tjynfht0qufuyfaom pdwfESvkH;jzifh/}}

NJB ]]MuD;rm;aom EId;Mum;onfh pdwfjzifh/}}

¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifhokH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]qlyGufonf}} [líjzpf\/ ¤if;onf topfarG;zGm;aom vl\ 0dnmOf (0g) txJü usdef;0yfaom 0dnmOfawmfudk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (RSV. wrefawmf 18;25/ Asm 3;15-16)/

]]ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&mü}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE jzifh okH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ rluJGvufa&;usrf;wpfusrf;&Sdonf/ wcsKdU*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfaom taemufwdkif;tkyfpkrsm; (MSS D, F ESifh G) wdkYü ]]ocifbk&m; (kurios) tpm;}} tcsdefrD tcsdefü (kairos) [lí yg&Sdonf/ tcGifhaumif;MuHKonfhtwdkif; ocifbk&m;ESifh ol\ toif;awmftm; tapcHjcif;udk tav;teufjyKvdkjcif;jzpfayrnf/ (a,m[ef 9;4/ {zuf 5;16)/

jzpfEdkifacs t&SdqkH;rSm kurious udk em;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif; (0g) trSm;zwfrdjcif;? a&;rdjcif; jzpfayrnf/ ta[mif;qkH;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh P46, Aleph, B wdkYü ]]ocifbk&m;tm; tapcH&mü}} [kyg&Sdonf/ UBS onf ]]ocifbk&m;}} tm; ]]aocsm}} (A) tqifhowfrSwfcsuf/

12;12 ]]arQmfvifhvsuf0rf;ajrmufMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE tjzpfokH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ (5;2)

]]arQmfvifh}} [laom a0g[m&udk 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;ESifh qufpyfí okH;avh&Sdonf/ (5;2/ 8;24/ 15;13/ 1ouf 5;8) ¤if;rSm t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;rSm uJhodkY pdwfqE´oabmrQomjzpfaom ajrmfvifhjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ? "r®opfusrf;\ t"dyÜg,ffrSm aocsmaomtjzpftysufjzpfjyD;? tcsdefumvrSm rl twdtusem;rvnf&acs/ 4;18 ESifh 5;2 wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm;ü tjynfhtpkHMunfhyg/

]]ZJG&SdMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE jzifhoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&\ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]vGwfvyfaom? apwemESifhjyKaom? Mum&SnfcHaom NrJNrJjcif;}} [líjzpfonf/  ]]'ku©a&mufonfhtcg}} 5;3?5 rSmenf;wl ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}}udk 'ku©cHjcif; (thlipsis) ESifh qufpyfonf/ ¤if;rSm usqif;aom avmuxJc&pfawmfaemufvdkufolrsm;twGuf pHcsdefjzpfonf/ (róJ 5;10-12/ a,m16;1-3/ 17;14? wrefawmf 14;22/ a&mr 5;3-4/ 8;17/ 2aum 4;16-18/ 16;3-10/ 11;23-30/ zd 1;29/ 1ouf 3;3/ 2wd 3;12/ ,mukyf 1;2-4/ 1ay 4;12-16)/ ¤if;udk wul;wu &SmazG&efr[kwfonfenf;wl a&Smif&Sm;&efvnf;r[kwfacsμ ]]txl;tMumif;t&m}} 'ku©qif;&J-5;3ü Munfhyg/

]]qkawmif;jcif;ü qufuyfMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE tjzpfoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICLE wpfckjzpfonf/ qkawmif;jcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m pnf;urf;csufwpfESifh urÇmhordkif;ü bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;awmfvkyfaqmifrIudk od&Sdapaom vufaqmifwpfckjzpfonf/,HkMunfolrsm;onf cspfawmfrlol aumif;uifbHk&Siftzudk wdkYxdrIjyKEdkifMuygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrduav;rsm;\ qkawmif;rIrsm;tajzay;&ef twGuf rdrdudk,frdrd uefYowfjcif;jyKonf/ (wrefawmf 1;14/ 2;42/ 6;4/ {zuf 6;18-19/ aum4;2)/ ¤if;onf qkawmif;jcif;tm; pdk;&GHUbG,f&mwm0ef 0wå&m; jzpfoGm;aponf/ Clinton Arnold a&;aom Three Crucial

Questions About Spritual Warfare, pp. 43-44, 187-188 üMunfhyg/ 12;13

NASB, NRSV ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ulnDMuavmh}}

NKJV ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;\ vdktyfrIrsm;udk ay;urf;Muavmh}}

TEV ]]rdrd\ c&pf,meftaygif;tazmfrsm;tm; oifü &Sdaomt&mrsm; ay;a0yg}}

NJB ]]csdKYwJhaom bk&m;ocif\ oefY&Sif;ol rnfolrqdkay;a0yg}}

*&dBud,m koinoneo onf ]]taygif;toif;jyKonf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ þa0g[m&onf aygvktwGuf t"dyÜg,fus,fjyefYonf/ ¤if;onf {0Ha&vdw&m;rSmenf;wl ypönf;OpömvdktyfrIü taygif;toif; jzpfjcif; ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udkqdkvdkonf/ (*v 6;6)/ ¤if;onf c&pfawmf\ 'ku©qif;&JESifh (zd3;8-10/ 1ay 4;13) aygvk\ 'ku©qif;&JwdkYtm; a0rQjcif;twGufyifoHk;onf/ (zd 4;14)/ c&pfawmfESifh aygif;zufjcif;[lonf olYvlrsm;ESifh tqifhwdkif;ü aygif;azmfjcif;rnfayonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm; -1;7ü Munfhyg/ ¤if;rSm IMPREATIVE oabmjzifhoHk;aom PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ (okwåH 3;27/ *v 6;10)/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf a,½I\ emrawmftm;jzifh tjcm;olrsm;twGufydkí rsm;rsm;&Sdap&ef tvkyfBudK;pm;MuzdkY jzpfonf/ (2 aum8;11-12/ {zuf 4;28)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / KOINŌNIA

]]rdo[m&}} þa0g[m&(koinonia) \t"dyÜg,frSm

1/ vlyk*¾dKvfESifheD;uyfpGm oufqdkifonf/ (u) om;awmfESifh (1a,m 1;6? 1aum 1;9)

(c) 0dnmOfawmfESifh (2aum 13;13? zdvdyÜd 2;1) (*) crnf;awmf? om;awmfESifh (1a,m 1;3)

(C) y#dOmOfcH0iftjcm;nDtpfudk armifESrrsm;ESifh/ (1a,m 1;7? wref2;24? *vm2;9? zdav17)

2/ t&m0x¬Krsm; odkYr[kwf t&m0x¬Ktkyfpkrsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGmoufqdkifonf/ (u) {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;ESifh (zdvdyÜd 1;5? zdvdrkef6) (c) c&pfawmf\ taoG;awmfESifh (1aum 10;16) (*) arSmifrdkufESifh roufqdkif (2aum 6;14) (C) 'ku©qif;&JESifh (zdvdyÜd 3;10? 4;14? 1ay 4;13)

3/ &ufa&mpGmjyKaom vufaqmifodkYr[kwf tultnD/ (a&mr 12;13? 15;26? 2aum 8;4? 9;13? zdvdyÜd 4;15? a[NAJ 13;16)

4/ vlom;ESifh bk&m;ocif? vlom;ESifh ol\nDtpfudk armifESrrsm; tMum; rdó[m, jyefvnf azmfaqmifaom c&pfawmfrSwqifh bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfvufaqmif ¤if;onf vlom;\ a'giffvdkufqufqHa&; (vlom;ESifhzefqif;&Sif)tm;jzifh jzpfvmaom tvsm;vdkuf qufqHa&;udk (vlom;tcsif;tcsif;) udk ajymonf/ xdkYjyif c&pf,mef vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGuf vdktyfcsufESifh 0rf;ajrmufrItwGufudkvnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ Bud,mrsm;u vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; þtcsuftm;

pwifcHpm;jcif;ESifh qufvufawGYMuHKcHpm;oGm;jcif;udk txl;jyKonf/ (1;3) (ESpfcg) 6?7)/ c&pf,mefqdkonfrSm tpktaygif;ESifhjzpfonf/

]]{nfhonf0wfudkjyKvsuf}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmESifh oHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,ftwdtusrSm ]]{nfhonf0wfjyKjcif;udk rSDatmifvdkufvsuf}} [líjzpfonf/ (14;19? 1wd 3;2? wdwk1;8? a[NAJ 13;2? 1ay 4;9wdkY\ rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/ ueOD;toif;awmfü þudpövGefpGm ta&;BuD;&jcif;rSm ]]wnf;cdkcef;rsm;}} qdk;&Gm;vSaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ t"du&nfnTef;csufrSm c&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;aom c&pf,meftrIawmfaqmifrsm;tm; {nfhcHauR;arG;jcif; jzpfonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 12;14-21

14oifhudk n§Of;qJaomolrsm;udk aumif;BuD;ay;ygonf/ usdefqJjcif;rydkYbJ arwåmydkYyg/ 150rf;omaom olrsm;ESifh twl0rf;omí? idka<u;olrsm;ESifh idka<u;yg/ 16tcsif;csif;tay: pdwfoabmxm;nDnGwfapyg/ pdwfESvHk;0g<um;jcif;r&SdbJ ESdrfYcsaom olrsm;ESifhtaygif;toif;jyKyg/ ynm&Sdonf[k rdrdudk,frdrd rxifrSwfESifh/ 17rnfolYudkrQtqdk;udk tqdk;jzifh rnfonfhtcgrQrwHkYjyefESifh/ vltm;vHk;tjrifü rSefaomt&mudk pOf;pm;yg/ 18jzpfEdkifygu rdrdwwfEdkiforQ vltm;vHk;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmaeyg/ 19rdrdudk,frdrd vufwHkYjyefjcif;rnfonftcgürQ rjyKygESifh/ cspfolwdkY trsufawmftwGuf ae&may;Muavmh/ tMumif;t&mrlum; or®musrf;pmü a&;om;onfrSm vufwHkYjyefjcif;onf igESifhqdkif\/ igjyefvnfay;qyfrnf[líjzpf\/ 20odkYaomf oif\&efolqmavmifygu tpmauR;um? a&iwfygu aomufp&may;avmh/ taMumif;rlum; xdkodkYjyKjcif;onf ol\ acgif;ay:ü rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm; yHkxm;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k xm0&bk&m; rdefYawmfrl\/ 21qdk;oGrf;rI\ tEdkif,ljcif;udk rcHbJ tqdk;udk taumif;jzifhEdkifyg/ 12;14 ]]oifhudk nSif;qJaom olrsm;udk aumif;BuD;ay;yg}} ¤if;onf þti,fü ESpfcgoHk;aom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ]]txl;csD;usL;pum;}} eulogy [laompum;onf þa0g[m&rS qif;oufjcif; jzpfNyD; ¤if;rSwqifh ]] bless aumif;BuD;ay;onf^arwåmydkYonf}} jzpfvm\/ (róJ5;44? vkum 6;28/ 1aum 4;12? ,mukyf 3;9-12? 1ay 3;9)/ P46 (The Chester Beattry Papyri) ESifhvufa&; usrf; B (Vaticanus) wdkYü ]]oifwdkY}} pum;vHk;udk csefxm;um þazmfjycsufü tjcm;olrsm;yg0ifaponf/ odkYr[kwf ¤if;udk tjcm; enf;vrf;jzifh azmfjyNyD; ydkíNcHKiHkaom azmfjyrIwpfckjzpfaponf/ ]]n§if;qJ}} qdkaompum;vHk; twGuf 14;19\ rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/



]]rusdefqJbJ}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfcktm; &yfwefYaponf[laom t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf jyefvnfuvJhpm;acsay;&ef bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk ac:um qkawmif;jcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum12;3ü &Sdaom usdefqJjcif;rsm;ESifh qifwlonf/) ¤if;onf npfnrf;apjcif; oabmr[kwfacs/ ({zuf 4;29? 1ay 3;9)/

15;15

]]0rf;ajrmufaom olrsm;ESifhtwl 0rfajrmufí idka<u;aomolrsm;ESifh twlidkauR;yg}}

þ PRESENT

INFINITIVES ESpfckudk IMPERATIVE oabmjzifhoHk;onf/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf rdom;pkwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunf olrsm;rSm NydKifbufrsm;r[kwfbJ tcsif;csif; rdom;p arwåmjzifh qufqHjyKrl&rnhfolrsm;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf ,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmaumif;rsm; odkYr[kwf tajctaersm;tm; owif;aumif; jyefYESHYap&ef tcGifhaumif; rsm;tjzpf r,HkMunfoltokdif;t0dkif; tay: ,HkMunfolrsm;\ wm0efudk &nfnTefjcif; jzpfEkdifaMumif; ti,f14 rS 21\ oabmt& awGYEdkifygonf/

12; 26

NASB, NKJV ]]wa,muftay: wpfa,mufpdwfoabmxm; nDnGwfygap}}

NRSV ]]wa,mufESifhwpfa,muf nDnGwfpGm aeMuavmh/}}

TEV ]]vlwdkif;tm; nDwlnDrQ *&kpdkufyg/}}

NJB ]]vlwdkif;udk nDrQaom oem;Muifemrljzifh qufqHyg/}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh qkH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPEL jzpfonf/ (15;5? 2aum 13;11? zdvdyÜd 2;2)/ ti,f 16udk atmufyg y#dyu© rsm;ESifhqdkifí½Ijrifjcif;jzpfonf/

1/ a&mrtoif;awmftxJ ,kHMunfol *sL;ESifh ,kHMunfol wyg;trsKd;om;rsm; (11;13-24)

2/ toufMuD;olrsm;ESifh pD;yGg;a&; tqifhtwef;wef;csif;tMum;

3/ 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;uJGjym;jcm;em;jcif;tay:

4/ rsKd;OD;qdkif&m xkH;wrf;tpOftvmESifh yk*¾dKvfa&;qkdif&m rsufESmudkudkufrIrsm;

]]pdwfESvkH;0g<um;jcif;r&SdbJ ESdrfhcsaom olrsm;ESifh taygif;toif;jyKyg/}} ¤if;rSm qufvufrsm; aecJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfcktm; &yfuefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&aom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ]]ESdrfhcsol}} [laom a0g[m&onf tzdk odkYr[kwf trvdif r[kwfaomMum;aevdifjzpfEdkifonf/ tzdktrr[kwfaom vdifjzpfygu bmomjyef&mwGif ]]ESdrfhcsaom wm0efrsm;udk vufcHyg}} [k qdk&rnfjzpfum tzdkvdifjzpfygu ]]qif;&Jaom odkYr[k ESdrfhcsaomolrsm;udk taygif;toif;jyKyg}} [kqdk&rnfjzpfonf/ ]]ynm&Sdonf[k rdrdudk,frdrdrxifrSwfygeJY}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfckudk &yfwefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonfh NEGATIVE PARTICLE DEPONENT jzpfonf/ (okwÅH 3;7 a[&Sm 5;21? 1aum 10;12? *v 6;3)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tcsif;csif;tm; tay:pD;í qufqHjcif;jzpfap? r,kHMunfol todkif;t0dkif;tm; rmejzifh jzpfaprqufqH&acs/ 12;17 ]]rnfoludkrQ tqdk;udk tqdk;jzi rnfonfh tcgürQ rwkHUjyefESifh/}} ¤if;onf qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfckudk &yfwefYaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf IMPERATIVE abmjzifh qkH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ taMumif;csif;&mwdkYtm; wnfhrwfvmap&efrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;r[kwfbJ bk&m;ociftm; vkyfaqmifap&efjzpfonf/ (okwÅH 20;22? 24;29? róJ 5;38-48? vkum 6;27? 1ouf 5;15? 1ay 3;9)

]]vltm;vkH; tjrifü rSefaom t&mudk pOf;pm;yg/}} ¤if;rSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH; aom PRESENT MIDDLE PARTIVIPLE jzpfonf/ (2aum 8;21? 1ouf 5;22/ 1wd 3;7) ¤if;rSm *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; (LXX) \ okwÅH 3;4 tm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;tm; {0Ha*vdvkyf&ef [laom tjrifjzifh touf&SifMuonf/ uREkfyfwdkYonf r,kHMunfolwpfa,muftm; vJapEdkifaom? okdYr[kwf

pdrf;um;oGm;aprnfh t&mwpfckrQ tvkyf&acs/ (1aum 9;19-23) rdrdwdkY\ teuf½Idif;qkH; 0efwm&SdrIrsm;udkyif cspfjcif;arwÅmay:vGifapaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh azmfjy&efjzpfonf/

12;18 ]]jzpfEdkifygu rdrdwwfEdkiforQ vltm;vkH;ESifh jidrfoufpGm aeyg}} ¤if;rSm pma&;oltjrü rSefonf[k rSwf,laom t&m? odkYr[kwf ol\ pma&;[efjzpfaom yxrwef;pm; cRif;csuf yg0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk

PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckvdkufvmum IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfol\ pdwfMudKufa&G;cs,fjcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; jzpfEdkifaom t&mjzpfaMumif; o'´gtokH;tEIef;jzifh azmfjyonf/ (rmuk 9;50? 2aum 13;11? 1ouf 5;13)

12;19 ]]rdrdudk,f rdrdvufwkH;jyefjcif; rnfonfhtcgürQ rjyKESifh/}} ¤if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfckudk &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom

NEGATIVE PARTICLE yg0ifonf IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ xdkudpöudk waeYaomtcg bk&m;ocif wnfhrwfapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (0wfjyK 19;18? w&m; 32;35? a[jAJ 10;30)

]]or®musrf;pmü a&;onfrSm}} ¤if;rSm ta&SUtv,fydkifpmay\ twJGvdkufvdkufokH;aom pum;vkH; (tD'D,H) tokH;tEIef; wpfrsKd;jzpfonfh PERFECT PASSIVE INDICTIVE jzpfum? 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;í a&;aom or®musrf;pmudk &nfnTef;onf/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;qdkif&m þtokH;tEIef;onf ]]xm0&bk&m;&Sif rdefYawmfrlonfhtwdkif;}} ESifh tvm;wljzpfonf/ (1aum 14;21/ 2aum 6;17)/

12;20 ]]odkYaomf oif\ &efol}} ¤if;rSm tem*wfü jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonf[k t"dyÜg,ff&Sdaom wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/ &efol [lonf vmOD;rnfomjzpfonf/

]]olYacgif;ay:rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm;ykHxm;onf}} ¤if;rSm okwÅH 25;21-22udk nTef;qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ teufjyefykH oDtdk&Drsm;rSm

1/ ¤if;onf "avhxkH;pHESifhqdkifaom tokH;tEIef;rsKd;jzpfjyD; tD*spfrSvmjcif;jzpf[ef&Sdum? oem;Muifem wwfjcif;onf &efolwpfa,muftm; rdwfaqGwpfa,muftjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;ap&ef taumif;qkH;enf; jzpfonf/ AkH;cdkusif;wl;í tumtuG,f,lxm;aom 'kp&dkufay:üvnf; c&pf,mef\ wm0ef&Sdaeayao;onf/ (róJ 5;44)

2/ ]]rD;awmufaom rD;aoG;rsm;}} [lonf vlwpfa,muf\ oifhawmfavsmufywfjcif;r&Sdaom tjyktrlrsm;onf tjcmol\ arwÅmESifh tjypfvTwfjcif; tvif;xJay:vmaomtcg cHpm;&aomt&Sif wuJGjzpf&jcif;udk udk,fpm;jyKazmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (Ambrosiaster, Augustine and Jerome)

3/ Origen ESifh Chrysostom wdkYajymonfrSm c&pf,mefwdkY\oem; MuifemrIonf aemifwr&olrsm; tay: bk&m;&Siftm; ydkrdkjyif;xefpGm w&m;pD&ifaponf/ (Jerome Bible Commentary, vol. 2, p. 326) txufyg oDtdk&Drsm;rSm xdkrQomjzpfonf/ t"du aomhcsufrSm ti,f 21&Sd aygvk\ tusOf;csKyf azmfjyrIjzpfonf/

12;21 ]]tqdk;jzifh t½I;rcHbJ? taumif;jzifh tEdkif,lyg}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE ESpfckjzpfonf/ raumif;aom jyKrlrItay: uRefawmfwdkY\ wkHUjyefrIonf rdrdwdkY\ twGif jirfoufjcif;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufjcif; tqifhudk tqkH;tjzwfay;um? ay:vGifapvdrfhrnf/ cg;oD; emMunf;jcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&muifqma&m*gjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf ¤if;udk bk&m;ocifxH qufuyf tyfESH&efjzpf\/

375

]]qdk;oGrf;}} ¤if;onf tzdkvdifjzpfygu qdk;oGrf;aom olu &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 16;20 ü Munfhyg)/ odkYr[kwf tzdkvdiftrvdifr[kwfaom Mum;aevdrfjzpfygu a,bk,sqdk;oGrf;rItm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (12;9/ 1ouf 5;21;22)/ ¤if;rSm "r®opf usrf;ü awGUaeus t"dyÜg,froJuJGrIjzpf onf/ (róJ 5;37/ 6;13/ 13;19?28/ a,m 17;15/ 2ouf 3;3 / 1a,m 2;13-14/ 3;12/ 5;18-19)/ þtopfaom pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;rSm {0Ha*vdw&m;jzpfaMumif; owd&&efjzpfonf/

ti,f 9-21twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;/ þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/

1/ tb,faMumifh ti,f 6;21 twGuf PRESENT IMPERATIVES ac:apcdkif;rIrsm;ESifhtwl

NEGATIVE PARTICLE ac: ]]r[kwf}} jcif;jyaom pum;vkH;rsm; þrQrsm;jym;&oenf;/

2/ þti,frsm;twGif; cdkif;apcsufrsm;tm;vkH; oD;jcm;pmydk'f wpfckjzifh pm&if;jyKpkyg/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmfESifh aeYpOfwljcif; wnf;[laom xdwfvefYbG,f&m aumif;onfh vufawGUusvSaom p&if;wpfckyg/

3/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tjcm; ,kHMunfolrsm; tay:jyKrlrIu rnfonfh csufu&nfnTef;jyD;? r,HkMunfolrsm; ay:jyKrlrItm; rnfonfh tcsufu &nfnTef;aMumif; qkH;jzwf&ef tb,faMumifh tvGefcufcJ&oenf;¿

a&mr 13

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;

UBS4 NKJV

NRSV

TEV NJB tkyfcsKyfa&; tpdk;&tm;emcHjcif; c&pf,mefESifhEdkifiHawmf EdkifiHawmftmPm t&yfbuftmPm tm;emcHjcif; ydkifrsm;ay:wm0ef ydkifrsm;tm;emcHjcif; 13;1-7 13;1-7 13;1-7 13;1-5 13;1-7 13;6-7 nDtpfudk tdrfeD;csif;udkcspfyg arwÅmonf ynwf tcsif;csif;ay: arwÅmESifhppfyJG arwÅm w&m;jynfhpkHap wm0ef0wÅ&m; 13;8-10 13;8-10 13;8-10 13;8-10 13;8-10 c&pfawmf c&pfawmfudk0wfqif c&pfawmf'kwd,<u tvif;\ uav;rsm; aeYeD;uyf vmjcif;eD;uyf 13;11-14 13;11-14 13;11-14 13;11-14 13;11-14 13-14

ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;

þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmudk rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;xJ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/ tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm; wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/ t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsuf em;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f

3/ wwd,pmydk'f

4/ ... pojzifh

ti,f 1-7 tm;usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif; u/ tcef;MuD;12onf rlvtm;jzifh c&pf,mefESifh ,kHMunfolrsm; (i,f 9;13)? vlrItokdif;t0dkif;&Sd tjcm;olrsm; (i,f 14-21) ESifh qufqHa&;taMumif;jzpfjyD;? tcef;MuD; 13;1-7ü rl t"dutm;jzifh c&pf,mefESifh EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&qufqHa&;taMumif; yg&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þtaMumif;t&mrsm; wpfckESifh

wpfckydkif;jcm;jcif; oabmum; rawGU&acs/ aygvkonf ¤if;wdkYudk wpfckwnf;tjzpf ½Ijrifonf/ avmuD ta&;? avmukwÅ&m ta&;[lí ydkif;jcm;rI r&Sdacs/ touf[lorQ tm;vkH; bk&m;ocifydkifqdkifonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf u@wdkif;ü b@mpdk;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ þtcef;MuD;ESpfcef;wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk 12;18ü awGU&onf/

c/ EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&\ ae&mESifh qdkifí ,kHMunfolrsm; em;vnfykHrSm trsKd;rsKd;jzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü tpdk;&onf um£e\ tquftEG,ftwGif; pwifjzpfay:wdk;wufvmonf/ (urÇm 14;16-22)/ AmAkvkef arQmfpifMuD; (urÇm 11) rSm vlom;onf bk&m;ocifxHrS cJGxGufum? rdrd[mrdrdtkyfcsKyf&ef MudK;yrf;rIwpf&yf jzpfonf/ tpöa&;twGif; &Sifbk&ifpepf\ t"dyÜg,frSm bk&m;ay;aom Oya'ESifh cefYtyfxm;aom odk;xdef; (&Sifbk&if) tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ pkd;pHrIjzpfaomfvnf; vlom;\ tjypfaMumifh ¤if;rSm ratmifjrifcJhacs/ tpdk;&\ rSefuefaom ae&mtaMumif; róJ 22;21ESifh rmuk 12;17 wdkYü aqG;aEG;rIwdkYrSm tcsuftcsmjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü (ti,f1-7 ESi 11onf róJ 22;15-22 ESifh 39 wdkYESifh qifwlaomfvnf;) a,½Iajymaom pum;rsm;udk aygvkrazmfjyjcif;rSm tHhtm;oifhp&maumif;ygonf/ usqif;aom urÇmtm; tkyfcsKyf&ef bk&m;ocifay;aom aumif;rGefonfh rlrsm;&Sdygonf/ wrefawmfMuD;rsm;onf rMumcPyif tpdk;&ESifh bmoma&; tmPmydkifrsm; ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ESifh rnfuJhodkY qufqH&rnfudk MudK;pm; &kef;uefcJhMu&onf/ vlom;tmPmydkifrsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; tay: trSDjyKum tjyKoabm wm0efESifh tzsufoabmwm0ef ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ aygvkonf tpdk;&\ tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESifh nTef;qJjcif; ESpfrsKd;vkH; cHcJhonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap Asm'dwfusrf;ürl a,m[efonf tpdk;&tm; MuD;rm;aom jynfhwefqmr (Asm 17) [kac:onf/ tpdk;&onf 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifaom rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwftm; azgufzsufusL;vGef;jcif;r&Sd oa&GU odkYr[kwf t<uif;rJh opöawmfcHjcif; rawmif;oa&GU uRefawmfwdkYonf tpdk;&udk axmufcHtm;ay;&ef jzpfonf/ upOfhuvsm; jzpfjcif;xuf trdefYtmPmrSm ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf/ (2ouf 2;6-7)

*/ þtaMumif;t&mudkyif wdwk3;1 ESifh 1ay 2;13-17 wdkYü aqG;aEG;onf/

C/ *sL;bmomonf yxr&mpkESpftwGif; a&mrtpdk;& atmufü w&m;0if bmoma&; wpfckjzpfonf/ c&pf,mefudk ¤if;\ *dkPf;wpf*dkPf;tjzpf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rSwf,lMuonf/ (wref 18;12-16)/ ¤if;onf tapmydkif; ESpfrsm;twGif; óoemjyK vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk w&m;Oya't& tumtuG,f&aponf/ wrefawmf 0wÅKtm; a&;om;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm c&pf,mefonf a&mrtwGuf EdkifiHa&; jcdrf;acsmufrIwpfrsKd; r[kwfaMumif;jyo&efvnf;jzpfonf/ a&mronf owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;ysHUESHU&ef EkdifiHwumwnfjidrf at;csrf;a&; (pax Romana) wpf&yftm; jyifqifay;xm;onf/ (1wd 2;1-2)

i/ tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh qdkifí aygvkawGU&aom udk,fwdkiftawGUtMuHKrsm;onf þusrf;ydk'udk wif;rmaponf/ þu@yg0if&jcif;\ jzpfEkdifp&mtaMumif;&if;rSm

1/ tpdk;&\ trdefYawmf (*sL;bmom a&;tcef;tem;rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfjcif;) aMumifh a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; wif;rmrI/ þudpöaMumifh ,kHMunfol *sL;vlrsKd;tcsKdU xdkjrdKUawmfudk pGefUcGgoGm;Muonf/ (Oyrm tmukvESifh jypfudv-wrefawmf 18;2) olwdkYr&Sdonfhtcg ,kHMunfol wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;\ acgif;aqmifrI jzpfay:vmonf/

2/ a&mrjrdKUü trsm;tjym; aexdkifol *sL;rsm;twGif; owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;a[majymrIaMumifh a&mrjrdKUtwGif; jzpfvmaom wif;rmrI/ ordkif;okawoD Suetonious \ pmtkyf Life of Claudia 25. 2 ü rSwfwrf;wifonfrSm tifyg,m &Sifonf at?'D 49 ckESpfü *sL;rsm;udk jrdKUawmfrS jynfESif'Pfay;jcif;rSm

"Chrestus" aMumifh vlxkqlylrIrsm; jyefvnfay:aygufvmaomaMumifh jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ xdkemrnfrSm vufwifbmomjzifh c&pfawmf Christ (Christos) tm; pmvkH;aygif; jcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 13;1-7

1vlwdkif;onf tkyfcsKyfol tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&efjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;ocifxHawmfrS r[kwfaom tcGifhtmPm[lí r&SdbJ? tmPm&Sdolrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif twnfjyKaom olrsm; jzpfonf/ 2xdkYaMumifh tmPmvGefqefolrnfolrqdk bk&m;ocif\ trdefYawmfudk qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf/ qefYusif olonf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf/ 3taMumif;rSm tkyfcsKyfolrsm;rSm aumif;pGm jyKrIolrsm;twGuf aMumufp&m r[kwfbJ? bdk;oGrf;olrsm;twGufomvQif aMumufp&mjzpfonf/ tmPmydkifrsm;udk raMumuf&bJ aevdkygoavmh¿ aumif;aom t&mvkyfygu olwdkY\ csD;rGrf;jcif; cH&vdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm olonf oif\ aumif;usKd;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf oifonf qdk;oGrf;rIjyKygu? aMumufyg/ 4taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk taMumif;rJhraqmifacs/ taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf; jzpfum qdk;oGrf;oltm; trsufawmfoifhap&ef wkYHjyef&oljzpfonf/ 5xdkYaMumifh trsufawmf aMumufjcif;aMumifh omvQif r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwfudk axmufí emcH&efvdktyfonf/ 6þtaMumif;aMumifh oifwdkYonf tcGefrsm;udk aqmifMuavmh/ taMumif;rSm tkyfcsKyf olrsm;onf xdkt&mtwGuf olwdkYudk,f olwdkY qufuyfaom bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrsm;jzpfMuonf/ 7olwdkY&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ tcGefay;oifh oludk ay;avmh/ taumufay;oifhudk ay;avmh/ aMumufoifh oludk aMumufavmh/ *kPfjyKxkduf oludk *kPfjyKavmh/

13;1 ]]vlwdkif;... emcH&ef jzpfonf/}} ¤if;rSm (1) PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD; t"dyÜg,frSm ]]qufvufemcH&ef jyKjcif;cHol jzpfMuavmh}} [lí vnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf (2) PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE jzpfum? ]]rdrdoabmtavQmuf emcHjcif;jyKonf}} [lí jzpf\/ (wuk 3;1/ 1ay 2;13) ]]emcH}} submit qdkonfrSm uGif;qufwpf&yftm; azmfjy&ef okH;aom ppfbufokH; a0g[m&jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ,kHMuonfolwdkif;tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;emcHMu&rnf[k aygvk tcdkiftrm ajymonf/ ({zuf 5;21) uREkfyfwdkY acwfürl emcHjcif;rSm tysufoabmaqmifaom a0g[m&ESifh wlonf/ ¤if;onf ESdrfhcsjcif; oabmESifh bk&m;ocif\ avmuESifh ¤if;twGif; rdrdwdkY\ ae&mudk av;eufpGm em;vnf oabmaygufjcif; ESpfckpvkH;azmfjyonf/ a,½Ionf (1) rdrd\ avmuDrdbrsm;udk emcHonf/ (vkum 2;51)/ (2) rdrd\ aumif;uifcrnf;awmfudk emcHonf (1aum 15;28)/ olonf þu@ü uRefawmfwdkY\ vrf;jyjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / emcHjcif; 10;3ü Munfhyg/



]]tkyfcsKyfoltmPmydkifrsm;tm;}} aygvkonf þpum;vkH; (exousia) udk tjcm;ae&mrsm;ü aumif;uifqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm;? rlvtm;jzifh ewfqdk;rsm;tm; &nfnTef;&ef okH;aomfvnf; (8;38/ aum 1;16/ 2;10? 15/ {zuf 1;21/ 3;10/ 6;12) þae&mü rlusrf;pum; tquftpyft& ]]EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;jzpf&ayrnf/ (1aum 2;6?8/ wduk 3;1/ 1ay 2;13)/ vlom; tpdk;&rsm;\ aemufuG,fü aumif;uifqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm; &Sdonf[k or®musrf;pmonf qdkvdk[ef&SdonfESifh wlygonf/ ('Ha,v 10 ESifh LXX \ w&m;a[m 32;8/ ]]tjrifhqkH;aom wefcdk;&Sifonf vlrsKd;rsm;udk ydkif;cGJum tm'H\ om;rsm;udk oD;jcm;cJGxkwfcJhpOfü? olonf vlrsKd;rsm;\ tydkif;tjcm;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocif\ aumif;uif wref ta&twGufudk vdkufí csrSwfawmfrlonf/ Oscar Cullman \ Christ and Time pmtkyfESifh Hendribukus Berkhof \ Christ and the Powers pmtkyfrsm;ü Munfhyg/ odkYaomf tkyfcsKyfol tmPmydkifrsm;rSm bk&m;ocifatmufü aqmif&GufaeMujcif;omjzpfonf/ (ti,f 1?4?6)/ atmufyg txl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tcGifhtmPm (EXOUSIA)

vkum\ exousia (tcGifhtmPm? wefcdk;? odkYr[kwf w&m;Oya' tcGifhta&;) tokH;jyKykHrSm avhvm&ef pdwf0ifpm;bkdU aumif;onf/

1/ vkum 4;6ü pmwefonf a,½Itm; tmPmay;Ekdifonf[k qdk\

2/ vkum 4;32?36ü a,½Ionf rdrd\ tcGifhtmPmokH;um oGefoifjcif;udk *sL;vlrsKd;rsm; tHhMordef;armcJhMuonf/

3/ vkum 9;1 ü rdrd\ wefcdk;ESifh tmPmudk rdrdwrefawmfrsm;tm;tyfESif;onf/

4/ vkum 10;19 ü rdrd\ tcGifhtmPmudkomem jyKq&mckESpfq,fwdkYtm; tyfESif;onf/

5/ vkum 20;2?8ü a,½I\ tcGifhtmPmb,fu&aMumif; ar;cGef;xkwfjcif;cH&onf/

6/ vkum 22;53ü a,½Itm; jypf'Pf pD&ifum? owf&efqdk;oGrf;rI\ cGifhjyKjcif;cH&onf/ vkumc&pf0ifusrf;xJygaomfvnf; r[mapcdkif;jcif;tm; &SifróJ tpjyK ajymjy&mü ]]aumif;uifbkHESifh ajrMuD;ay:&Sd tcGifhtmPmtm;vkH; ighudk ay;cJhjyD}} qdkonfrSm thHMobG,f&m azmfjycsufjzpfonf/ (róJ 28;18)/ olwdkY\ ar;cGef;udk a,½Iay;aom tajzrSm atmufygwdkYjzpfEdkifonf/

1/ bk&m;ocifonf olYtm; ajymaom pum;rsm;

(u) ESpfjcif; r*fvmcHpOfu (vkum 3;21-22)

(c) awmifay:wGif tqif;o@mefajymif;vJpOfu (vkum 9;35)

2/ jyD;jynfhpkHaom "r®a[mif;ya&mzufpum;rsm; (u) ,k'rsKd;EG,frS (urÇm 49;10) (c) a,&JSrdom;pkrS (2"r® 7)

(*) AufvifjrdKUü zGm;jrif (rdu©m 5;2)

(C) pwkw¬ajrmuftifyg,mumvü (a&mr) zGm;jrif ('Ha,, 2)

(i) qif;&Jom;rsm; rsufrjrifrsm;? r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm; ulnD (a[&Sm,)

3/ ol\ ewfqdk;armif;xkwfjcif;onf pmwefESifh olYEdkifiHtay: wefcdk;tmPm&SdykHudk zGifhjyonf/

4/ vlaorsm;jyefxapjcif;onf ½kyfcE¨mtoufESifh aojcif;w&m;ay: rdrdwefcdk;udkd jyonf/ 5/ oljyKaom tHhMobG,f&m edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;onf acwÅ,m,Dt&mrsm;? ae&ma'oESifh &kyf0w¬KwdkY tay: rdrd\ wefcdk;ESifh tcGifhtmPmudk zGifhjyonf/ (u) obm0w&m; (c) auR;arG;jcif;rsm; (*) a&m*gaysmufuif;apjcif;rsm; (C) pdwfudk xkd;azgufodjrifjcif; (i) ig;zrf;&&SdrIrsm;/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / vlom;tpdk;&

1/ ed'gef;

u/ t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsuf/ / tpdk;&[lonf od&orQ vdktyfrIrsm;ay;&efESifh &&Sdap&ef vlom; udk,fwdkif zJGUpnf;aom tzJGUtpnf;jzpfonf/ (urÇmOD; 4ESifh 11)/ vlom;onf (rusqif;rDuyif urÇm 12;18) vlrIa&;owÅ0gjzpfonf/ rdom;pkrsm;? rsKd;EG,frsm;? vlrsK;drsm;onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;? todkif;t0dkif;rsm; jzpfay:aponf/ c/ &nf&G,fcsuf/ / bk&m;ocifonf rif;rJhtajctaexuf txuftrdefYawmf ydkrdkESpfoufonf/

1/ arma&SjyKaom w&m;Oya'? txl;ojzifh ynwfawmf q,fyg;rSm vlYtzJGUtpnf;twGif; vlom;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf 0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;ESifh vlYb0toufwmudk csdefcGifvQmnD aponf/

2/ bk&m;ocifcefYtyfrIjzifh a&S;acwftpöa&; tkyfcsKyfrIyifvQif aumif;uifbkHrS yg0ifaqmif&Guf rIjzpfaomfvnf; or®musrf;pmü rnfonfh tpdk;&zGJUpnf;ykHrsdK;udk axmufcHjcif;rjyKacs/ 'Drdkua&pD0g' (0) t&if;&SifpHESpfonfvnf; or®musrf;pm or®mw&m;ESifh rnDacs/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rnfonfh tpdk;&pHepfrsKd;ü ae&onfjzpfapoifhavsmf aumif;rGefpGm jyKrI&ef jzpfonf/ c&pf,mef\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm owif;aumif; {0Ha*vdw&m;jyefYyGg;a&;jzpfjyD; awmfvSefa&;r[kwfacs/ rnfonfhtpdk;&rqdk tcdkuftwefYrQom jzpf\/

*/ vlom;tpdk;&\ rlvtp

1/ a&mrum odkvpf 0g'onf vlom; tpdk;&rSm rusqif;rDuyif &Sdaom yifudk,fvdktyfrIjzpfonf[k qdk\/ tm&DpfwdkwJh Aristotle onf xdktqdkudk yxrOD;qkH; azmfxkwfolkjzpf[ef&Sdonf/ olu ]]vlonf EdkifiHa&; owÅ0gjzpfonf}} [kqdkonf/ þodkY qdk&mwGif ]]ydkí aumif;aom b0twGuf tpdk;&wnf&Sdonf}} [kqdkvdkonf/

2/ y½kdwufpwihf0g' txl;ojzifh rmwifvlomu ajymonfrSm ]] vlom;tpdk;&rSm usqif;jcif;rS&aom tarGjzpfonf}} [k qdkonf/ olonf vlom;tpdk;&u ]]bk&m;ocif\ vuf0JbufEdkifiHawmfjzpfonf}} [kqdkonf/ oluajymonfrSm ]]vlqdk;rsm;udk xdef;csKyf&ef bk&m;ocif\ enf;rSm vlqdk;rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfapjcif;jzpfonf}} [k qdk\ 3/ um;vfrwfpf\ tqdkrSm ]]tpdk;&[lonf vufa&G;piftenf;i,fu trsm;pktm; xdef;csKyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf}} [lí jzpf\/ olonf EdkifiHa&;ESifh bmoma&;udk qifwlaom tvkyftjzpf ½Ijrifonf/

2/ or®musrf;pmawmfvmtaMumif;rsm; u/ "r®a[mif;usrf; 1/ tpöa&;rSm aumif;uifbkHü okH;rn tkyfcsKyfa&;ykHpHjzpfonf/ a&S;acwftpöa&;ü YHWH rSm &Sif bk&ifjzpfonf/ oDtdkua&pDqdkonfh a0g[m&rSm bk&m;ocif\ wdkuf&dkuftkyfcsKyfrIudk azmfjy&efokH;onf/ (1"r® 8;4-9)

2/ vlom;tpdk;&xJ bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmpufudk ol\ cefYtyfjcif;taMumif;ü xif&Sm;pGmjrifEdkifonf/ (u) bk&ifrsm;tm;vkH; ('H 2;21/ 4;17? 24-25)

(c) ar&Sd,t&Sif\ tkyfpdk;rI/ 'H 2;44-45

(*) aeAkc'faeZm (AmAkvSefopf) a,& 27;6/ 'H 5;28)

(C) 'kwd,ajrmuf uk½krif; (yg&Sm;) 2&mZ0if 36;22/ {Z& 1;1/ a,&Sm 44;28/ 45;1

3/ bk&m;ocif\ vlwdkYonf usL;ausmfodrf;ydkufol tpdk;&rsm;udkyif emcHum? ½dkaoav;pm;&ef jzpfonf/ (u) 'Ha,v 1-4 aeAkc'faeZm (AmAkvSefopf) (c) 'Ha,v 5/ aAv&SmZmrif; (AmAkvSefopf) (*) 'Ha,v 6/ 'g&drif; (yg&Sm;) (C) {Z& ESifh ae[rd (yg&Sm;)

4/ jynfawmfjyef,k'onf uk½krif;ESi olYtquftEG,frsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&efjzpfonf/ (u) {Z& 6;10/ 7;23

381

(c) *sL;wdkYrSm EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&efjzpfonf/ rpf&SJe(Mishnah)

(Avot) 3;2

c/ "r®opfusrf; 1/ a,m½Ionf vlom; tpdk;&wdkYudk av;pm;rIjyonf/

(u) róJ 17;24-27/ Adrmefawmf tcGefaqmifonf/ (bmoma&;ESifh EdkifiHa&; tmPmydkifrsm; twlwljzpfonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf 1ay 2;17)

(c) róJ 22;15-22/ rmuk 12;13-17/ vkum 20;20-26/ olonf a&mr tcGefawmfaiGtwGuf axmufcHcsufay;jcif;jzifh a&mr tpdk;&tmPmudk cGifhjyKonf/

(*) a,m[ef 19;11/ bk&m;ocifonf EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&rsm;udk cGifhjyKonf/

2/ vlom;tpdk;&rsm;ESifh ywfoufí aygvk\pum;rsm;?

(u) a&mr 13;1-5/ EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;rSm bk&m;ocif cefYxm;jcif;jzpfojzifh olwdkYudk ,kHMunfolrsm;emcH&rnf/

(c) a&mr 13;6-7 ,kkHMunfolrsm;onf tcGef txkwfrsm; aqmifum EdkifiHawmfawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk *kPfjyK&rnf/

(*) wdarmao 2;1-3 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;&rnf/

(C) wdwk 3;1 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&rnf/

3/ vlom;tpdk;&rsm;ESifh ywfoufí ayw½k\ pum;rsm;

(u) wrefawmf 4;1-31/ 5;29/ ayw½k ESifh a,m[efwdkYonf bmoma&;vGwfawmfa&SUü tppfcHMuonf/ (or®musrf;pmtm; emcHjcif;onf EdkifiHawmftm; emcHjcif; t&ifvm&aMumif; þtcsufujyonf)

(c) 1ayw½k 2;13-17 ,kHMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcHjcif;rSm vlYtzJGU tpnf;ESifh {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;\ aumif;usKd;twGuf jzpfonf/

4/ vlom; tpdk;rsm;ESifh ygwfoufí a,m[ef\ pum;rsm;

(u) Asm'dwf 17/ AmAkvSefMunfhwefqmronf bk&m;ocifrygbJ zJGUpnf;pum? tkyfcsKyfaom vlom;tpdk;&udk qdkvdkonf/

(c) Asm'dwf 18/ AmAkvkef jynfhwefqmr zsufqD;cH&onf

3/ ed*Hk;csKyf u/ vlom; tpdk;& (usqif;aom urÇm) rSm bk&m;ocif cefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]]&Sifbk&ifrsm;\ bk&m;ay; tcGifhta&;}} r[kwfbJ tpdk;&rsm;twGuf bk&m;ay;aom wm0efjzpfonf/ ykHpHwpfckxuf tjcm;ykHpHwpfck ydkí raxmufcHacs/ c/ tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcH&efESifh qkawmif;ay;&efrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf bmoma&; wm0efjzpfonf/ */ aumif;pGm ½dkaoaom pdwfxm;jzihf tcGeftxkwfrsm; aqmifum vlom; tpdk;&wdkYudk ulnDjcif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf oifhavQmf avsmufywfonf/ C/ vlom; tpdk;&rSm EkdifiHawmf jidrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf jzpfonf/ olwdkYrSm þwm0efxrf;aqmifaeaom bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrsm;jzpfonf/

i/ vlom;tpdk;&onf tqkH;pGefr[kwfacs/ ¤if;\ tcGifhtmPmrSm tuefYtowfESifh jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&onf bk&m;ocifowfrSwfay;xm;aom abmifu ausmfvGefvmonfhtcg ¤if;udk jiif;qef&mü ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ aumif;qdk; cJGjcm;wwfaom pdwf (MowÅyÜpdwf) udk axmufxm;í vkyfaqmifMu&ygrnf/ Mo*wfpwif;onf ol\ pmtkyf The City of God ü ajymonfrSm

382

]]uRefawmfwdkYonf e,fy,fESpfckjzpfaom acwÅ,m,DESi xm0&umvESpfckpvkH;\ EkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ (zd 3;20) ESpfckpvkH;ü uRefawmfwdkY wm0ef&Sdonf rSefaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmftwGufrl tqkH;pGefaom wm0ef&SdMuonf/}} [k qdkygonf/ bk&m;ocifay: uRawmfwdkY\ wm0efü wpfOD;csif; tm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; tm;jzifh vnf;aumif; jzpfonf/ p/ tpdk;&\ vkyfief;rsm;ESifh wefqmyvmrsm;ü ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifh wuf<upGm yg0if&efESifh jzpfEdkifonfhtcg EIwfuywfawmf oifay;&ef tm;ay;wdkufwGef;&rnf/ q/ vlrIa&;ajymif;vJrIrwdkifrD vlwpfOD;csif;aMumihfvJ &Sd&ygrnf/ tpdk;&wGif tem*wfü trSefpifppf Mu&SnfwnfwHhrnf [laom ajrmfvifhjcif;rsKd;r&Sdacs/ tpdk;&rsm;tm;vkH; bk&m;ociftvdk&Sdí tokH;jyKonfyifjzpfap? bk&m;ocifrygaom tjypfjynfhonfh vlom;tzJGUtpnf;omvQif jzpfonf/ þoabmudk a,m[ef\ tokH;tEIef;jzpfaom ]]avmu}} qdkonfh a0g[m&okH;EIef;ykHonf azmfjy\ (1a,m 2;15-17)/



NASB ]]bk&m;ocif wnfapaomolrsm;jzpfonf}}

NRJV ]]bk&m;ocifcefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf}}

NRSV ]]bk&m;ocif wnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf}}

TEV ]]xdkae&mü bk&m;ocifxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf}}

NJB ]]bk&m;ocifcefYxm;jcif;jzpfonf}}

¤if;rSm PERIPHRASTIC PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE yHkpHjzpfonf/ vlom;tmPmydkif rSeforQtm;vHk;\ aemufuG,fü bk&m;ocif&SdaMumif; þo'´gzGJYpnf;yHku tcdkiftrmajymonf/ (a,m 19;11/ 'H2;21/ 4;17) ¤if;onf ]]&Sifbk&ifrsm;\ bk&m;ay;tcGifhta&;}} r[kwfbJ pepfwus &Sdapa&;twGuf bk&m;tvdkawmfjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf tpdk;&yHkpHwpfrsdK;tm; oD;jcm;ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ tpdk;&udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmftmPmonf z½dkz&Jjzpfaejcif;xufydkrdk aumif;ygonf/(i,f6)/

13;2 ]]tmPmvGefqefolrnfolrqdk}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm csrSwfxm;aom trdefYwpfckcktm; zDqefaomtusifh&Sdjcif;udk &nfnTef;um ]]rdrdudk,frdrd qefYusifbuf taetxm;ü xm;&Sdonf}} [kqdkvdkonf/ (wref 18;6/ ,mukyf 5;6) rmuk 12;17 üa,½Ionf tpdk;&ESifh toif;awmf\ u@toD;oD;udk &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/ tmPmydkifrsm; rdrdwdkYabmifudk ausmfvGefvonfhtcg rnfodkYjzpfaMumif; wrefawmf 5;25-32ü awGY&Sd&onf/

]]qefYusifjcif; ...qefYusifol}} ¤if;rSmPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ESifh PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ qHk;jzwfcsufjzifh ykefukefrIudk ajymonf/ bk&m;ocifonf usqif;aom urÇmtwGuf tpDtpOfjyifqifay;xm;onf/ (ti,f 4?6)/ EdkifiHawmftmPmydkrsm;onf olwdkYtwGuf bk&m;ocifay;xm;aom e,fedrdwfabmiftm; ausmfvGefvmjcif;u vTJvQi trdefYtmPmudk qefYusifjcif;rSm bk&m;ocifudk qefYusifjcif;jzpfonf/ ppfrSefaom 0dOmPfa&;rSm tmPmydkifrsm;udk emcHjcif;jzpfonf/ usqif;aomvlom;onf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;vdkcsifMuonf/

]]jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;cHMuvdrfhrnf}} KJV onf ]]tjypfqdkjcif;}} condemnation udk ]]i&JcH&jcif;}} damnation tjzpfbmomjyefonf/ þpum;vHk;onf ¤if;\ t*Fvdyfvdk t"dyÜg,fudk at'D 1611 ckESpfrSpí jyif;xefaponf/ NKJV onf¤if;udk ]]w&m;pD&ifjcif;}} [k bmomjyefonf/ usrf;pum; tquftpyftm;jzifh ¤if;onf (1) bk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; odkYr[kwf (2) tpdk;&\ w&m;pD&ifjcif; (i,f4) tm;&nfnTef; Edkifonf/ olwdkYonf

tcGifhtmPmudk qefYusifaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkYtay: w&m;pD&ifjcif; usa&mufapMuonf/ (a,m 3;17-21)

13;3 tvm;wlrSwfcsuftm; 1ay 2;14üMunfhyg/

]]tkyfcsKyfolrsm;}} txl;taMumif;t&m}}/ / tBuD;tuJ Arche 8;38 ü Munfhyg/

]]tmPmydkif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 13;1 üMunfhyg/ 13;4 ]]taMumif;rSm olonf oif\ aumif;usdK;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;jzpfonf}}/ tpdk;& tmPmydkifwdkYonf vlrIa&;&m 'kp½dkufjyKolrsm;udk qefYusifvkyfaqmifMupOf? ,HkMunf olrsm;udkrl rdrdudk,fwkdif *vJhpm;wkYHjyefjcif;rjyK&ef uefYowfonf/ (12;17-19)/ rmwifvkomajymonfrSm ]]vlqdk;rsm;udk bk&m;ocifxdef;csKyfjcif;enf;rSm? vlqdk;rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfapjcif;jzpfonf}} [líjzpf\/

]]ygu^vQif}} ¤if;rSm tem*wfü jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaom wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csuf0gus rsdK;jzpfonf/ 

NASB ]]taMumif;rSm olonf "g;u taMumif;rJhraqmifacs}}

NKJV ]]taMumif;rSm olonf "g;udk tcsnf;ESD;raqmifacs}}

NRSV ]]taMumif;rSm tmPmydkifonf "g;udk tcsnf;ESD;raqmifacs}}

TEV ]]'Pfcwf&ef olwdkYü wm0ef trSefyif&Sdonf}}

NJB ]]olwdkYonf tmPm&Sd "g;jzifh yHkaqmifjcif;rSm taMumif;rJhr[kwfacs}} ]]"g;}} sword (machaira) onfao'Pfay;&mü toHk;jyKaom a&mr"g;ao;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (wrefawmf 12;2/ a&mr 8;35)/ þusrf;ydk'fESi wrefawmf 25;11 onf ao'Pfay;jcif;twGuf "r®opftajccHoabmw&m;udk ay;um? urÇm 9;6 url "r®a[mif;usrf;tjrifudk &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/ aMumuf&GHUjcif;rSm A½kef;okOf;um;jzpfjcif;tm; xda&mufpGmwm;qD;jcif; wpfrsdK;jzpfonf!

]]taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf; ...&efwkHUjyefoljzpfonf}} &efwkHYjyefol [laom a0g[m& (ekdikos) udk"r®a[mif;usrf;ü tawmfrsm;rsm;oHk;onf/ ¤if;udk 0wfjyK&musrf; 19;18 üyif oHk;onf/ "r®a[mif;acwfü vlwpfa,mufonf tjcm;vlwpfa,muftm; rawmfwqyifjzpfap owfygu? xdkol\ rdom;pkonf }}rsufvHk;tpm;rsufvHk;}} [laom vufpm;acsjcif; tcGifhta&;usifhoHk;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ aygvkonf "r®a[mif; xHk;wrf;pOfvmudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;\ tcGifhtmPmESifh qufpyfvdkufjcif;ESifh wlonf/ 1ouf 4;6ü bk&m;ociftm; *vJhpm;acsoltjzpf ajymum a&mr 12;19 ESifh wlonf/ þusrf;csuf ESpfckpvHk; w&m;a[m32;35udk &nfnTef;onf/ (a[jAJ 10;30)

13;5 ]]emcH&efvdktyfonf}} taMumif;&if;ESpfckazmfjyonf/ (1) bk&m;ocifjzpfap? tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm; jzpfapay;aom jypf'PfESifhvGwfuif;&ef ESifh (2) ,HkMunfoltxJMowåyÜpdwf\ tjypfwifjcif;/

]]MowåyÜpdwfudkaxmufí}} a[jAJa0g[m& "breast" onfrdrdudk,frdrdESifh olYtjyKtrl\ taMumif;&if;tm; od&Sd&jcif; oabmroufa&mufygu? "r®a[mif;usrf;ü þ*&dda0g[m& }}MowåyÜpdwf^ vdyfjympdwf^ qdk;aumif;cGJjcm;wwfaompdwf}}ESifh wlaom pum;r&Sd[k qdk&ayrnf/ þ*&dpum;vHk;onf rlvtm;jzifh tm½Hkig;yg;jzifh od&aom todpdwfudk &nfnTef;onf/ ¤if;rSm twGif; pdwftm;jzifh (MowåyÜpdwf) od&jcif; twGuf

oHk;aom pum;vHk;jzpfvmonf/ (a&mr 12;15)/ aygvkonf w&m;cHk½Hk;ü rdrdtppfcHcJhpOf þa0g[m&ESpfBudrfoHk;onf/ (wrefawmf 23;1/ 24;16)/ bk&m;ociftay: bmoma&;wm0efrsm;udk ododBuD;jzifh azmufzsufusL;vGefrIr&SdaMumif; olod&SdyHku &nfnTef;&ef þpum;vHk;udk aygvkoHk;jcif; jzpfonf/ (1aum4;4)

MowåyÜpdwf[lonf ,HkMunfol\vkyfaqmifjcif;taMumif;rsm;ESifhvkyfaqmif&Ncif; taMumif;rsm;tm; atmufygwdkYudk tajcjyKí od&Sd&jcif;jzpfonf/

1/ or®musrf;pmenf;usurÇmhtjrif

2/ useff;0yfaom 0dnmOfawmf

bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfudk tajcjyKaom touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHwpfrsdK; todynm owif;auif;tm; udk,fwdkif vufcHjcif;jzifh þyHkpH touf&Sifjcif;udk &&SdEdkifonf/

]]þtaMumif;aMumifh oifwdkYonf tcGefrsm;udk aqmifMuavmh}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE yHkpHjzpfaomfvnf; PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE (JB) jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;tay: c&pf,mefwdkY\ wm0eftwGuf wdusaom Oyrmwpfck jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm tpdk;& tmPmydkifrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ tapcHrms; jzpfonf (i,f 1-2)/

13;6

13;7

NASB

]]olwdkY&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ ...tcGef...taumuf...aMumuf...*kPfjyK}}

NKJV ]]olwdkYtm;vHk;&oifh&xdkuf&mudk ay;Muavmh/ tcGefrsm; ...taumufrsm; ...aMumuf...*kPfjyK}}

NRSV ]]olwdkY&oifh&xdkuforQay;Muavmh/ ...tcGefrsm; ...taumufrsm;...½kdaoav;pmjcif; ...*kPfjyKjcif;}}

TEV ]]olwdkYay:wif&SdorQay;Muavmh/ rdrd\ ydkifqdkifrItcGefrsm;udk ay;um? ¤if;wdkYtm;vHk;udk ½dkaoav;pm;í *kPfjyKyg}}

NJB

]]tpdk;&t&m&Sdwdkif;tm;? olawmif;,lcGifh&SdorQ wdkuf½dkuftcGefjzpfap? oG,f0dkuftcGefjzpfap ay;aqmifyg/ aMumuf&GHUyg/ odkYr[kwf *kPfjyKyg}} ¤if;onf tpdk;&tmPmydkif oD;jcm;tkyfpk ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;wdkYtm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (RSV) odkYaomf ¤if;\ qdkvdk&if;rSm c&pf,mefwdkYonf tcGeftwkwfrsm;ESifh ½dkaoav;pm;rIudk tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm; tm;ay;Mu&efrSm olwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\ trIawmfxrf;rsm; (ti,f1?4? (ESpfcg) 6/ róJ 22;15-22) taejzifh vkyfaqmifaeMujcif;jzpfonf[líjzpfEdkifygonf/ a0g[m&ESpfvHk;jzpfonfh ]]tcGef}} tax ESifh ]]taumuf}} custom wdkYudkt"dyÜg,fwltjzpf þae&m oHk;onf/ (TEV urlcGJjcm;aomfvnf;) pum;vkH;\ Zpfjrpfudk qef;ppfMunfhygu (rl&if;t"dyÜg,f)yxrtcGefrSm odrf;ydkufaom vlrsdK;tm; ay;aqmif&aom tcGef (vkum 20;22) jzpfNyD; 'kwd,rSm wpfOD;csif;xH aumuf,laom tcGefjzpf[ef&Sdonf/ (róJ 17;25? 22;17?19)/ a&mr 13;8-14 tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyftm;jzifh em;vnf&yHk u/ ti,f 1-7tm; oD;oefY wpfOD;csif;ESifh qdkifaom pmydk'fwpfcktjzpf em;vnfEdkifonf/ odkYaomf ]]&oifh&xdkuf}} [laom ti,f 7\ taMumif;t&monf ti,f 8ü tjcm;t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;jzifh qufvufae onfESifhwlonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmftay: wm0ef&Sdonfenf;wl tjcm;vlom;rsm;ay:vnf; wm0ef&Sdonf/ c/ ti,f8-10onf ti,f 11-14rSmenf;wl tawG;tkyfpkwpfpkjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tjcm;olrsm;udk cspf&ef c&pf,mefwdkY\ wm0ef&SdrItm; tcef;BuD;12ü aqG;aEG;rI\ tqufjzpfonf/ */ aygvkonf "r®a[mif;\ ynwfawmfq,fyg;tm; y#dOmOfw&m;opf ,HkMunfolrsm;\ udk,fusifhw&m;vrf;nTeftjzpf oHk;jcif;jzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifhnDaom touf&Sifjcif; u@twGuf

385

(oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;) "r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh

qufvuf oufqdkifrI&SdaMumif;jyonf/ xdkodkYqdk&mü u,fwif jcif; (oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;-*vm3) twGuf r[kwfacs/ aygvkonf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m rdrdu vrf;nTefrItwGuf t&if;tjrpf tawmfrsm;rsm;rSpkpnf;jcif; jzpfyHkay:onf/

1/ a,½Iajymaompum;rsm;

2/ 0dnmOfawmf\vrf;jyrI

3/ "r®a[mif;usrf;

4/ rdrd\ &AÁd*sL;usrf;pm q&moifwef;

5/ *&dawG;ac:&Sifrsm; taMumif; rdrdod&SdyHk (txl;ojzifh Stoic ac: onf;cHjcif;w&m;) ¤if;onf bk&m;ocifudk cspfjcif;? ESdrfhcsjcif;udk ESpfoufjcif;? bk&m;ocifudk tapcHjcif;? vlom;rsm;udk tapcHjcif;wnf;[laom-]]cspfjcif;arwåm? Oya'}} udk xif&Sm;ay:vGifaponf/

C/ ti,f 11-14onf tem*wfü jzpfysufrnfht&m (uyfumvtqHk;) rsm;oabmjzpfonf/ tarSmifESifh tvif;onf Dead Sea Scrolls (yifv,faoem;u awGY&Sdaom a&S;a[mif;vufa&;usrf;rsm;) tygt0if *sL;pmay\ xl;jcm;rIjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a,m[efESif aygvkwdkYa&;aom pmrsm;üvnf; ygaeusjzpfonf/ ]]jzpfaecJhNyD;aom}} ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aom}} c&pf,meftoufwm\ wif;rmrIonf bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf&Sif&ef EId;aqmfrIjzpfonf/ ]]uyfumvmtopf}} (bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf)rSm zGifhyGJjyKcJhNyD; jzpfum? rMumrSDNyD;jynfhpHkvmvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fonf 1ouf5;1-11 ESifh vGefpGmwlnDonf/ i/ ti,f13-14onf at'D 386ckESpf aEGumvtwGif; emrnftaBuD;qHk;toif;awmfzcifBuD; wpfOD;jzpfol Mo*pfpwif;\ b0toufwmajymif;vJoGm;aponf/ olonf rdrd\ Confessions 8:29 üajymonfrSm ]]uREkfyfonf aemufxyf qufvufrzwfawmhacs/ qufvufí zwfp&mvnf;rvdkawmhacs/ þ0gus qHk;atmif zwfNyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf &Sif;vif;aom tvif;a&mif wpfckonf uREkfyf\ ESvHk;om;udk vTrf;NcHKoGm;cJh&m oHo,\ arSmifrdkuftm;vHk; vTifhpifaysmufuG,foGm;onf}} [kqdk\/

pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 13;8-10

8tcsif;csif;cspfjcif; arwåmrSwpfyg; wpfa,mufa,mufay: ta<u;rwifESifh/ taMumif;rSm rdrdtdrfeD; csif;udkcspfaom olonf ynwfw&m;awmfjynfhpHkapcJhNyD/ 9taMumif;rSm olwyg;r,m;udk rjypfrSm;&? vlrowf&? rcdk;&? remvdkpdwfr&Sd& tp&SdonfwdkYESifh tjcm;ynwfcsuf&SdorQ tm;vHk;udk rdrdudk,frdrd cspfonfenf;wl rdrdtdrfeD;csif;tm; cspfavmh[laom tcsufonf tusOf;csKyfxm;\/ 10cspfjcif;arwåmonf tdrfeD;csif;tay: trSm;rjyKacs/ xdkYaMumifh cspfjcif;arwåmrSm ynwfw&m;awm jynfhpHk;jcif;jzpf\/

13;8 ]]wa,mufa,mufay:ta<u;rwifESifh}} ¤if;rSmPRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfNyD;? qufvufcHNyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfcktm; &yfwhhHaponf [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICIPLE yg&Sdonf/ þtav;teufjyKaom pum;pkü]]r[kwf}} oabmESpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm tcGefaqmif jcif;udpöESifh qufpyfjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (i,f6-7)/ aiGaMu;ta<u;wifjcif;onf pdwfcHpm;rIESifh 0dnmOf a&;&mü BuD;pGm cGeftm;csdeJY oGm;apavh&Sdonf/ avmuDqefjcif;udk owdjyKyg/ avmuDqefjcif;onf c&pf,mefudpörsm;tm; yhHydk;EdkifpGrf;ESifh udk,fwdkif\cspfjcif;arwåmudk vk,lav;&Sdonf/ odkYaomf þusrf;csuftm; ]]azgufonfrsm;ua<u;ra&mif;&}} jcif;tawGuf oufaotjzpf oHk;ír&acs/ or®musrf; pmtm;¤if;\ acwftvif;xJü teufjyef&onf/ ¤if;rSm reufxkwfowif;pm r[kwfacs! ti,f 8-10ü ajymonfrSm uRefawmfwkdYtcsif;csif; cspf&mü (1)

y#dnmOfw&m;ü nDtpfudkcsif;tjzpf (róJ 22;39-40/ a,m 13;34-35) ESifh (2) vlom;csif;taejzifh (róJ 5;42/ *vm 6;10) cspfMu&ef jzpfaMumif;yif/ NIDNTT, twGJ 1? pmrsufESm- 668ü ]]ta<u;wif}} [laom Bud,m\ t"dyÜg,fyGg;ESpfrsdK;azmfjy onf/ 1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü ¤if;udk aiG^ypönf;ta<u;tjzpfoHk;onf/ 2/ aygvk\ pmrsm;rsm;ü wm0eftjzpfoHk;onf/ þusrf;csufürl aygvkonf þt"dyÜg,fyGm;wdkYudk aygif;pyfxm;onfESifh wlonf/

]]tcsif;csif;cspfjcif;arwåmrSwpfyg;}} ¤if;onf þusrf;csufwdkY\ aomhcsufjzpfonf/ (a,m 13;14/ 15;12/ a&mr 12;10/ 1aum 13/ zd 2;3-4/ 1ouf 4;9/ a[NAJ 13;1/ 2ay 1;7/ 1a,m 3;11/ 4;7? 11-12)



]]rdrdtdrfeD;csif;udk cspfaomolonf}} þ Bud,mrSm PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm oD;oefY (0g) tcgtm;avsmfpGm cspfjcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmESifhwlaom touf&Sifjcif;yHk pHudkajymonf/

]]tdrfeD;csif;}} a0g[m&\ rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm ]]trsdK;uGJ^ aemufwpfck}} (heteros) [líkjzpfaomfvnf; heteros ESifhallos (trsdK;wlaemufwpfck) wdkY\ jcm;em;rIrSm trsm;oHk; Koine Greek üaysmufuG,f oGm;onf/ þae&mürl tus,fjyefYqHk;tm;jzifh ,HkMunfoljzpfap? r,HkMunfoljzpfap? vlwpfa,muf\ tdrfeD;csif;udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (vkum 12;14-21/ 10;25-37)/ odkYaomf þusrf;ydk'fü udk;um;aom 0wfjyK 19;18 ürl y#dOmOfcHazmf? cHzuftjcm;olwpfa,muf (tpöa&;trsdK;om;csif; wpfa,muf) udkqdkvdkonf/ c&pf,mefwdkYonf tjcm;c&pf,mefwdkYudk nDtpfudkcsif;tjzpf cspf&efjzpfum? aysmufqHk;olrsm;udkrl bk&m;ocifonf avmuDom;tm;vHk; cspfonfenf;wlcspf&efjzpfygonf/ (a,m3;16)/ c&pf,mef[lonf rdom;pkwpfckjzpfonf/ toif;om;wdkif;onf wpfckvHk;usef;rma&;ESifh BuD;xGm;a&;twGuf touf&Sifum tapcHMuonf(1aum 12;7)/



NASB, NKJV

NRSV ]]ynwfw&m;awmfjynfhpHkapcJhNyD}}

TEV ]]ynwfw&m;awmf emcHcJhNyD}}

NJB ]]oifh0wå&m;rsm; aus>yefcJhNyD}} þ*&dtrsm;oHk;Bud,m (pleroo) udktrsdK;rsdK;bmomjyefEdkifonf/ ¤if;onfPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD; ]]jynfhpHkcJhNyDjzpfí qufvufjynfhpHkonf}} [k bmomjyefqdkEdkifonf/ Robert Hann a&;om;aom Grammatical Aid to Greek New Testament pmtkyfü A.T Robertson udkudk;um;NyD; ¤if;udk "gnomic perfect" [kac:onf/ qdkvdkonfrSm "avhxHk;pHqdkif&m or®mw&m;wpfcktm; &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfNyD;? xdkpmvufcHolrsm;aumif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufaom toHk;tEIef;rsdK;jzpfonf/ ¤if;a0g[m&udk *vmwd 5;14/ 6;2 wdkYüjyefawGY&onf/

13;9 "r®opfusrf;,HkMunfolrsm;tm; EId;aqmfay;&ef arma&S\ ynwådusrf;udk aygvkoHk;aeusjzpfonf/ (xGuf 20;13-17 odkYr[kwf w&m;a[m 5;17-21 ESifh 0wfjyK 19;18)/ {zuf 6;2-3üvnf; c&pf,mefrsm; EId;aqmf&ef ynwfawmfq,fyg;teuf wpfrsdK;oHk;onf/ (1wd1;9-10)/ þ"r®a[mif;usrf;csufrSm u,fwifjcif;twGuf r[kwfaomfvnf; vlom;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifESifh tcsif;csif; tm;rnfodkYqufqH& rnftaMumif; bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk qufvufzGifhjyaeqJjzpfonf (a&mr 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; udk;um;jcif;onf a&mrtoif;awmfxJ *sL;ESifhwyg;trsdK;rsm;ESpfrsdK;pvHk; aygvkqufpyf ajymae[ef&Sdonf/

]]jynfhpHkjcif;}} qdkaom a0g[m&onfvnf; ynwfawmftaMumif; róJ5;17 ü a,½IaqG;aEG;yHkESifh wpfrsdK; wpfpm;wnf; jzpfonf/ þ&nfnTef;csufonf a,bk,synwfw&m;oabm? vlrIa&;Oya'orsm; jzpfNyD;? arma&S\ ynwådusrf; [kwfyHkray:acs/ (JB) okdYaomf ti,f 9ü aygvkonf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm; udk;um;yHkudk axmufvQif arma&S\ ynwådusrf;udk &nfnTef;aMumif;jyonf/ vlom;\ pnf;urf;Oya' vdkufemrIr[kwfbJ? cspfjcif;arwåm uomvQif ynwfw&m;awmfNyD;jynfhpHkaponf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;rsm;üMunfhyg/ 0wfjyK&musrf; 19;18 udk t"dyÜg,fESpfrsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/

1/ a,½Ionf ¤if;udk shema pum;ESifhtwl pum;quftjzpf oHk;um (w&m;a[m 6;4-6) ynwfawmfwpf ckvHk;tusOf;csKyfvdkufonf/ (róJ 22;37-40/ rmuk 12;29-31/ vkum 10;27)

2/ aygvktwGufrl ¤if;onf ynwfawmfq,fyg;\ 'kwd,tydkif;tm; tusOf;csKyfjcif;jzpfum (y#dOmOfw&m;ESifh qdkifaom olrsm;tcsif;csif; qufqHa&;(*v 5;14) róJ 7;12 ESifhvkum 6;31 ua,½I\ rSwfcsufcsyHkrsdK;vdkufonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / arma&S\ ynwfawmftm; aygvk½IjrifyHk

¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifxHrS jzpfí aumif;jrwfonf (a&mr 7;12-16)

u/ ¤if;rSm ajzmifhrwfjcif;twGufESifh bk&m;ocif\ vufcHrI&Sd&efr[kwfacs/ (tr*Fvmwpf&yfyifjzpf Edkifonf/ *vwd3)

c/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifrdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjyjcif;jzpfojzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmf jzpfaeyg ao;onf/ (aygvkonf tjypfudk azmfjy&ef odkYr[kwf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk tm;ay;&ef "r®a[mif;usrf;udk udk;um;avh&Sdonf/)

*/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;udk pum;ajymonf/ (a&mr 4;23?24? 15;4/ 1aum 10;6?11)/ odkYaomf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;r&acs/ (wref 15? a&mr 4? *vmw 3? a[NAJMo0g'pm)

C/ y#dOmOfw&m;opfü ¤if;\ tvkyfvkyfyHkrSm-

1/ tjypf&SdaMumif;jyonf/ (*vm 3;15-29) 2/ a&G;EIwfjcif;&&Sdolrsm;udk vlYtzGJYtpnf;twGif;vrf;jyonf/ 3/ c&pf,mefrsm;\ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;twGuf vrf;jyonf/ arma&S\ ynwfawmfusrf;tay: aygvk\ tjrifudk em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;jcif;rSm usdefqJjcif;ESifh usdefqJjcif;qdkif&m "r®oabmw&m;\ aemufqufwGJtaMumif;pHkESifh ¤if;udk jzwfausmfí aumif;BuD;r*Fvm ESifhtNrJxm0&qDodkY jzwful;oGm;jcif; jzpfonf/ James Stewart onfol\pmtkyf A Man in Christ pmtkyfxJü aygvk\ qefYusifbufjzpfae[ef&Sdaom awG;ac:yHkESifh ta&;tom;udk þodkYazmfjyonf/ ]]tawG;tac: ajrmfjrifrIpepfESifh Mo0g'wpf&yftm; rdrdudk,fwdkifwnfaxmifolwpfOD;onf rdrd oHk;aom a0g[m&rsm;\ t"dyÜg,fudk wduspGm owfrSwfvdrfhrnf[k obm0tm;jzifh arQmfvifhMurnfom jzpfonf/ olonf rdrd\t"dutBuHtpnfrsm; qdkif&mpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk wdusEdkiforQ wdusap&ef &nf&G,fvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhMurnfomjzpfonf/ oD;jcm;t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;twGuf wpfcgoHk;cJhNyD;aom pum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm; wa&SmufvHk; xdkt"dyÜg,fjzifhyif oHk;&efjzpfonf[k qdkMurnfomjzpfonf/ odkYaomf aygvkürl xdkodkYr[kwfaMumif; pdwfysufbG,f&m awGY&Sd&onf/ olYtoHk;tEIef;trsm;tjym;rSm wnfNidrfwdusrI r&Sdacs/ ]]ynwfw&m;onf oefY&Sif;\/...igonftwGif;vltm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ ynwfw&m;awmfudk ESpfouf\}} [lí (a&mr 7;12-22) ü a&;om;cJhaomfvnf; ¤if;rSm ynwfw&m;awmf\ tjcm;rsufESmpmwpfzuf omvQifjzpfum? tjcm;wpfae&mwGif oluyif ]]c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtm; ynwfw&m;awmf\ usdefqJjcif;rS a&G;EIwfawmfrlcJhonf}} qdkjyefacsonf/ (*v 3;13) (p. 26)

388

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / xGufajrmuf&m 20\rSwfpk/ xGufajrmuf&m 20;13 vlowfjcif;

1/ usrf;pum;tquftpyf

u/ vlrIa&;ESifh qdkifoa,mifjzpfaom ynwfcsufrsm;onfyifvQif trSefpifppf bmoma&;jzpfaMumif; owd&&efvdkonf/ zefqif;aom t&mrsm;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;tay: bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftjcm tmPmudk þynwfcsufrsm;onf t&dyfxdk;vdkuf&Sd\/ vl\ toufudk roef& [laom ynwfcsufudk aumif;rGefpGm pl;pdkufonfhtcg vlom;tm;vkH;txJ &Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftaMumif;? vlom;\toufudk bk&m;ocif *&kpdkufum aMumifhMupdk;&drfaMumif; jyonf/

c/ ynwfcsufwckpDonf ,kHMunfjcif; vlYtodkif;t0dkif;tm; ay:vGifapaMumif; owd&&efvdkonf/ vlwa,muf\ toufudk w&m;Oya'ESifhrnDaom ykHpHjzifh okwfoify,f&Sif;jcif;onf rlvtm;jzifh ,kHMunfol vlYtodkif;t0dkif;ESifhqdkifí ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIrSm vlom;wdkif;ESifh oufqdkifonf!

2/ ay:vGifxif&Sm;aom pum;vkH;rsm; avhvmjcif; u/ vlowfjcif;

1/ ¤if;rSm vlwa,muf\ toufudk EIwf,ljcif;twGuf okH;aom &Sm;yg;onfh a0g[m& (rasah) jzpfjyD; "r®a[mif;usrf;ü 46MudrfomokH;onf/ ydkí tokH;rsm;aom tjcm; a0g[m&ESpf&SdrsKd;&Sdonf/ (u) Harag 165 Mudrf (c) Hemit 201 Mudrf

2/ a0g[m& rasah ü rl&if;tm;jzifh uefYowfaom t"dyÜg,fESifh tus,fjyefYaom t"dyÜg,f&SdESifh wlonf/ (u) rl&if;tm;jzifh ¤if;onf w&m;Oya' qdkif&mwGif y#dnmOf w&m;jyKazmfwzufom;\ touftm; EIwf,ljcif;ESifh pyfqdkifonf/ ¤if;ü MuHpnfrIoabmygí ]]aopm;aoapaom aqGrsKd;&if;” ((goel) ESifh oufqdkifavh&Sdonf/ þa0g[m&ü MuHpnfjcif;oabmyaomfvnf; wenf;tm;jzifh w&m;0ifvufpm;acsjcif; oabmjzpfonf/ (awmvnf 35;30-34? 0wfjyK 24;13-23) trSefpifppfrsufvkH;twGuf rsufvkH; Lex Talionis (urÇm 9;5-6) rSm uefYowfxm;aom vufpm;acsjcif;jzpfonf/ aemufydkif;wGif y#dnOfcHESifh oufqdkifaom (tpöa&;vlrsKd;) vlwa,mufonf rdrdtodkif;t0dkif;xJu tjcm;olwa,muftm; rawmfwqjzpfap? wrifoufoufjzpfapowfygu towfcH&ol rdom;pk\ trsufa'gorS xGufajy;Edkif&ef cdkvIH&mjrdKUrsm;udk wnfaxmifvmcJhMuonf/ (w&m; 4;41? a,m 20;3)/

c/ aemufydkif;wGif xdka0g[m&rSm toufowfjcif;\ aemufuG,fu taMumif;&if; (0g) pdwfae oabmxm;udk nTef;jcif;jzpfvmonf/ ]]&nf&G,fcsufjzifh}} [laom oabmrSm tjrifhrm;qkH;jypfrI jzpfvmonf (xGuf 21;12-14/ awmvnf 35;11?12/ w&m;a[m 28;24)/

þynwfcsufwGif

þuJGjym;jcm;em;rI tvGefay:vGifvmonf/ usrf;pum; tquftpyft& ¤if;rSm y#dnOfcH vlYtodkif;t0dkif;twGif; &Sdtjcm;olrsm;udk om&nfnTef;onfESifhwlonf/ ¤if;onf a&G;EIwfykdifcGifh&Sdol eD;pyfaom trsdK; (odkY) pm;aoapvufpm;acs olu ajymonf/ odkYaomf aemufydkif;wGif xdka0g[m&udk ynwfawmfq,fyg;tm; xif[yfí vlYtoufowfaom oltm; &nfnTef;um a[ma&S 4;2ESifh a,&rd 7;9 wdkYü okH;onf/ þpum;vkH;onf ynwfawmfudkomru? taMumif;&if;udkyg ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;on tdrfeD;csif;rS vlom;tcsif;csif;odkY wdk;csJU&nfnTef;oGm;onf/

3/ þa0g[m&onf uRefawmfwdkY\ acwfopfumv ao'PfpD&ifjcif;ESifh ppfyJGrsm;udk ajymjcif;r[kwfacs/ *sL;wdkYü vlYtodkif;t0dkif;qdkif&m ao'Pf (0g) oefY&Sif;aom ppfyJGudk jyóem[k rjzpfcJhbl;Muacs/ (odkYr[kwf ¤if;udpötwGuf roefY&Sif;aom ppfyJG[lí r&Sdacs/)

4/ uRefawmfwdkY\ acwfopfumvtwGuf taumif;qkH; bmomjyefcsufrSm ]]MudKwifMuH&G,faom vlowfrI}} [lí jzpfayvdrfhrnf/

3/ usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;

u/ qXr? owÅrESifh tXr ynwfcsufrsm;udk a[jAJpum;vkH;ESpfvkH;pDjzifhom a&;om;onf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm tvGef wdkawmif;xdrdonf/

c/ tjcm;toufrsm;enf;wl touf[lonf bk&m;ocifESifh oufqdkifonf/ tjcm;olrsm;ay: rdrdwdkY\ jyKrIykHonf bk&m;ociftaMumif; rdrdwdkY tawG;tjrifudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/

4/ "r®opfusrf;&Sd tvm;wlusrf;jydKifrsm;

u/ a,½I

1/ þynwfcsufudk oltus,fcsJUvdkufjcif;onf (róJ 5;21-26) þusrf;ydk'f ,aeY uRefawmfwdkY acwfopfumvü rnfodkY tokH;jyK&rnfudk aqG;aEG;&mü toifhawmfqkH;jyifqifrIay;onf/

2/ a,½Ionf ynwfawmf q,fyg;tm; jyKrIjcif; oabmrS jyKrl&if; taMumif;&if;odkY odomay:vGifpGm ajymif;vdkufonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY awG;onfhtwdkif;jzpfMuonf/ ]]vlonf rdrd pdwfESvkH;xJ awG;onfhtwdkif; rdrdjzpf\/}} pOf;pm;jcif; toufwmonf rdrdwdkY cH,lonfxuf ydkrdkoufqdkifrI&Sdum? ydkrdkt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/

c/ a,m[ef

1/ 1a,m 3;15 þoabmESifhyif rkef;wD;jcif;tm; vlowfrItjzpf azmfjyonf/

2/ ró5;21ESifh 1a,m 3;15 wdkYü okH;aom *&da0g[m&wdkYrSm uJGjym;jcm;em;aomfvnf;? qdkvdk&if;rSmrl toufwrQ wlnDaeonf/

3/ 1a,m 4;19-21 rSm tjyKoabmtjrifjzpfaMumif; rSwfom;yg/

5/ vufawGUusifhokH;jcif; or®mw&m;rsm;

u/ r&nf&G,faom vlowform;onf toufudk vufpm;acsol\ &efrS vGwfajrmufap&ef cdkvIH&mjrdKU wpfjrdKUtm; cdkvIHcGifh&aomfvnf; (awmvnf 35/ a,m½I 20) xdktcsdefu ,Zfyka&m[dwfrif;

uG,fvGefonftxd xdkjrdKUxJ tcsKyfcsxm;jcif; 'Pfudkrl cH&onf/ olYtjyKtrI\ aemufqufwJGrsm;udkyif ol qufvufcH&onf/

c/ þusrf;csufonf rdrdudk,frdrd tqkH;pD&ifjcif;tm; wdkuf½dkufrajymaomfvnf;? a&S;acwfvlrsm;onf xdudpötm; awG;rdcJhMuonfr[kwfojzifh vlYtouftm; tav;tjrwfxm;jcif;qdkif&m ed,rw&m; wpf&yfESifh bk&m;ocif\ tcsKyftcsmtmPmtjyif rdrdo@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;aom vlUtouftwGuf bk&m;ocif\ &nf&G,fcsufwdkYudkyg azmfjyonf/ þusrf;csufonf þu@taMumif;tm; ,aeY uRefawmfwdkY acwfumvtwGuf jyif;xefpGm pumajymaeonf/ */ þusrf;csufonf rnfodkYjzpfap ,aeYacwfumv\ ar;cGef;rsm;udkrl tqkH;tjzwfay;aom tajzray;acs/ (1) ao'Pfay;jcif; odkYr[kwf (2) ppfyJGrsm; udpö ESpfrsdK;vHk;wGif tpöa&;vlrsKd;onf yg0ifywfoufonf/ bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftwdkif;ESifh ol\ xdef;csKyfrIatmufü zefqif;aom vlYtouf\ t"dyÜg,fqdkif&m ed,ronf þu@ü ta&;MuD; udpöjzpffaeayao;onf/ C/ þusrf;csufonf vlYtouf\ *kPfodu©mESifh av;jrwfrItaMumif;vkdtyfaom pum;wcGef;ajymonf/ uRefawmfwdkY ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ tjyKtrlü omru rdrdwdkY vlYtodkif;t0dkif;ESifh qdkifívnf; b@mpdk;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ vufaqmifjzpfaom toufonf wpfOD;csif;ESifh wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;vnf;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif\ udk,fcE¨m? vlrIa&;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&mwdkudk tvTJokH;pmjyKjcif;twGuf wm0ef&SdMu&kHrubJ? rdrdwdkY vlYtodkif;t0dkif;\ &kyfydkif;qdkif&m? vlrIa&;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&mwdkYudkyg tvTJokH;pm;jyKMujcif;twGuf wm0ef&SdMuonf/ txl;ojzi rdrdwdkY\ vlaerI pepftwGif; ajymcGifhqdkcGifh&um? ¤if;tm;jyKjyif cGifh&&SdMuaom vGwfvyfonfh uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf txl;ojzifh rSefuefonf[k qdk&ayrnf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ nDtpfudkrsm;u xdef;ausmif;&aom olrsm;jzpfonf/ xGufajrmuf&m 20;14/ olwyg;r,m;tm;jypfrSm;jcif;

1/ usrf;pum; tquftpyf u/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocifudk cefYnm;aomtm;jzifh rdrdtdrfeD;csif;\ touf? r,m;ESifh ypönf;Opömrsm;tm; av;pm;jcif;qdkif&mynwfcsufjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf (a,& 5;8)/ *&d"r®a[mif; Septuagint ürI þynwfcsufrsm;tm; wpfrsKd;wpfzkHpDpOfum rSefuefaMumif; ay:vGifaponf/ c/ w&m;a[m&musrf;\ tvm;wl usrf;ydk'fonf þa&S;a[mif; or®mw&m;tm; rdrdwdkY\ acwfumv ,Ofaus;rI xkH;wrf;"avhtwGuf tokH;jyKjcif;\ oifhavsmf rSefuefykHudk jyoonf/ */ rdbrsm;udk &dkaoav;pm;jcif;onf vlYtzJGUtpnf;wpfckwnfjidrf&ef aomhcsufjzpfaMumif; jrifMuonf enf;wl? þynwfcsufonfvnf; ¤if;udkyif qdkvdkonf/ C/ rdrdwdkY\ vdifrIudpörsm;ESifh rdom;pk toufwmwdkYudk ydkifqdkifolESifh xdef;csKyfolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; azmfjyonf/

i/ ynwfcsuf eHygwf 4onf urÇmOD; 2;1-3udk tajcjyKonf enf;wl þynwfcsufonf urÇmOD; 2;24 udk tajcjyKykH &ygonf/

2/ pum;vkH; avhvmrI u/ þusrf;ydk'f\ t"du a0g[m&rSm ]]olwyg;r,m;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;}} adultery jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&udk a&S;a[mif;a[jAJ "avhxkH;pH aemufcHjzifh em;vnf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/

391

1/ ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;\ ]]rw&m;aom arxkefjyKjcif;}} fornification ESifh uJGjym;aom adultery ac: ]]olwyg;r,mtm; jypfrSm;jcif;}} qdk&mü wzufvlrSm tdrfaxmifonf b0jzifh vdifrIqdkif&m qufqHrI&Sd oljzpfonf/ þa0g[m&jzpfonf “fornification" rw&m;aom arxkefjyKjcif; [k qdk&mü rIESpfzufpvkH; vlvGwfrsm;jzpfonf (okwÅH 29;3/ 31;3)/ þuJGjym;jcm;em;rIrSm "r®opf\ *&dpum;ü aysmufuG,f aeonf/

2/ vufxyfxdef;jrm;jcif; udpöü þtaMumif;udk tav;teufjyK&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;wpf&yfrSm ¤if;onf ]]uwdawmfajr}} tm; ydkifqdkifjcif; tcGifhta&;ESifh oufqdkifaejcif;aMumifh jzpfEdkifonf/ ajr,mydkifqdkifrIudk ESpfaygif; 50 jynfhwdkif; (a&T&wkobifusif;ywdkif;) rlvydkifqdkif olrsm;odkY jyefajymif;ay;avH&Sdonf/

3/ olwyg; r,m;ESifh jypfrSm;jcif;udk arma&S\ w&m;Oya' rjyXgef;rDuyif ,Ofaus;rI xkH;wrf;pOfvm ta& jypfwif½Iwfcsonf/ (urÇm 12;10/ 26;7/ 39;9)/

4/ olwyg; r,m;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;onf

(u) tdrfeD;csif;udk qefYusifaom tjypf[ ½Ijrifonf xGuf20;14/ w&m;a[m 5;18

(c) xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;udk qefusifaom tjypf[k ½Ijrifonf 0wfjyK 18;20

(*) bk&m;ocifudk qefusifbufjyKjcif;tjzpf &Ijrifonf/ urÇm 20;1-13/ 26;7-11

5/ ESpfzufpvkH;udk ao'Pfay;Edkifonf/ (u) 0wfjyK 20;10

(c) w&m;a[m 22;22-24

(*) a,Z 16;40 (wifpm;jcif;)

(C) okwÅHusrf; 1-9 twGif; Muyfwnf;aom owday;rIrsm;&Sdonf/

3/ "r®opfusrf;ESifh qufpyfrI

u/ a,½Ionf zGifhjyawmfrljcif; ta[mif;\ tusOf;csKyftjzpf (vkum 10;27) 0wfjyK 19;18 udk okH;onf/ ynwfawmf q,fyg;rSm tjcm;olrsm; ay: rdrdwdkY\ jyKrIqufqHjcif;ESifh oufqdkifaMumif; þtcsufonf twnfjzpfaponf/ c/ a,½Ionf róJ 5;28 ü þynwfcsufrsm;udk jyif;xefaponf/ olonf tjyKtrlrsm;xuf jyKrlapaom taMumif;&if;udk tav;teufxm;onf/ *sL;vlrsKd;onf vl\ pdwfudk vlY0dnmOf\ wnfae&mtjzpf ½IjrifMuonf/ vlwpfa,muf awG;aomt&monf xdkvl\ tppftrSefjzpfonf/ (okwÅH 23;7)/ ¤if;onf þpum; q,fcGef;rSm apmifhxdef;&ef rjzpfEdkifaomt&meD;yg; jzpfoGm;aponf/ þt&monfyif ¤if;\ &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf (*v 2;15-3;29)/

4/. acwfopf umvü tokH;jyKjcif;

u/ xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;rSm bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfü wpfoufwmvkH; ,kHMunfjcif;jzifh qufuyfrI\ taumif;qkH;aom acwfopf t"dyÜg,f wlpum;vkH;jzpfonffESifh wlonf/ ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;\ y#dOmOfjyKjcif; qdkif&m oabm\ ppfrSefrItm; taumif;qkH; em;vnf oabmaygufEdkif&ef tcGifhaumif; wpf&yfjzpfonf/ (rmvcd 2;14)/ rdrdMuifbuftm; vdifrIqdkif&m tygt0if u@&yftm;vkH;ü &dkaoav;pm;jcif;onf þusrf;csuf\ t"du tcsufudk em;vnfoabmaygufEdkif&ef yHhydk;onf/

c/ xdef;jrm;vufxyfjcif;ü wnfwHhcdkifjrJjcif;ESifh opö&Sdjcif;onf rdbwdkYtm; ½dkaoav;pm;jcif; enf;wl vlYtzJGUtpnf;\ cGeftm;ESifh Mum&SnfwnfwhHa&;twGuf t"duwdkifvkH;MuD;rsm; jzpfonf/

*/ vl\ vdifpdwfudk bk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmiftjzpf tav;teufxm;&ef vdktyfonf/ ¤if;rSm vlom;twGuf tMuHtpnfawmfESifh tvdkawmf jzpfonf/ vrf;nTefrIrsm;rSm vl\ vGwfvyfrIESifh 0rf;ajrmufrI tm; csKd;ESdrf&ef r[kwfbJ? usqif;aom vlom;twGuf bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDnTwfap&efjzpfonf/

uefYowfrIrsm;rSm uREkfyfwdkY\ a&&SnftusKd;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufrItwGuf jzpfonf/ vlonf bk&m;ocifay;aom vufaqmiftm;vkH; enf;wl vdifrIudpöudkvnf; tvTJokH;pm; jyKaomvnf;? ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ xdef;csKyfrIESifh vrf;nTefrIatmufü &Sdaernfh vlom;twGif; pGrf;tm;MuD;aumif;ESiftm; wpf&yfqufvuf jzpfaeygao;onf/

C/ vl\ yk*¾dKvf (tr jzpfaptxD;jzpfap) onf bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmftwdkif; zefqif;jcif;jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;\ vQKdU0Sufcsuftm; &dkaoav;pm;jcif;jzifh vdifrIudpöudk apmifhxdef;&ygrnf/ ]]ig}} qdkonfh twÅudk A[kdjyKaom usqif;onfh rdrdwdkY tm&kHjyKrIonf þu@ü vGefpGm ay:vGifonf/

xGufajrmuf&m/ 20;15 cdk;0Sufjcif;

1/ a,bk,soabm

u/ ynwfawmf q,fyg;xJu tjcm; ynwfcsufrsm; enf;wl uRefawmfwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;ESifh bk&m;ociftm; &dkaoav;jrwfjcif;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ avmuD? avmukwÅ&m aeYpOftoufwmrsm;ü awGUjrifae&ygrnf/ bk&m;ocifudk oduRrf;ygonfh[k a<u;aMumf&if; rdrdESifh y#dOmOf cHazmfcHzuf wpfOD;tm; rSm;,Gif;jcif;rSm bk&m;ociftwGuf &GH&SmbG,f&m jzpfonf/ (1a,m 4;20-21/ 2;7-11)

c/ þynwfcsufrSm y#dnOfcH vlYtodkif;t0dkif;twGif; rdwfo[m,tm; qufvufwnfwHhap&ef yHhydk;a&; jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m þrdwfo[m,\ t&nftaoG;onf ½IyfaxG;aeum? pl;prf;&SmazGaeaom þurÇmtm; uRefawmfwdkY\ bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY qJGaqmifrnfjzpfum? ¤if;onf yif or®m usrf;pm\ &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/

*/ tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm;onf touf[lorQ ydkifqdkifolrSm bk&m;ocifjzpfaMumif; tm½kHjyKonf enf;wl þynwfcsufonfvnf; tvm;wl jyKonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm ydkif&Sifr[kwfbJ? b@mxdef;rsm;jzpfonf/ wefbkd;ray;&bJ? ydkifqdkifvkdaom rdrdwdkY\ usqif;rSm;,Gif;aom armif;ESiftm;onf þwm;jrpfcsuf\ jyifywGif &Sdonf/ (qmvH 50;10-12)

2/ pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI

u/ ¤if;rSm ynwfawmf q,fyg;\ 'kwd, tydkif;wGif 'kwd,ajrmuf ynwfcsufjzpfjyD;? a[jAJvdk pum;vkH; ESpfvkH;rQomjzpfonf/

c/ wm;jrpfcsuf\ &nfpl;&mudk rzmfjyacs/ ¤if;tm; yHhydk;aomtcsufrsm;rSm

1/ ¤if;rwdkifrD ynwfcsufESpfckwdkYonf jypf'PfuscHapaom ynwfcsufrsm; jzpfonf/

2/ tvm;wl usrf;ydk'frsm;udk teD;uyf (xGuf 21;16) ü jzpfap? tvSrf;a0;&mü jzpfap (w&m;apm 24;7) awGY&onf/ urÇmOD; 37üvnf; Munfhyg/

*/ ¤if;onf rnfrQyifwdkY awmif;apumrl cHcHumuG,frIay;aom tcsufrsm;&Sdonf/

1/ 0dnmOfawmf rIwfoGif;jcif;tm;jzifh rSwfwrf;wifjcif; jzpfonf/

2/ ¤if;onf wm;jrpfjcif; ynwf\ jrifuGif;udk us,fjyefYaponf/

3/ cdk;jcif;qdkif&m eD;uyfaom tvm;wl usrf;ydk'fvnf; &Sdonf/ xGufajrmuf 22;1/

4/ a,½Ionf cdk;jcif;taMumif; &nfnTef;&ef þusrf;csufudk ay:vGifpGm udk;um;onf/ (róJ 19;18)/

C/ tjcm;a&S;a[mif; Oya'usrf;rsm;üyg cdk;0Sufjcif;u azmfjyaomfvnf; jypf'PfrSm ao'Pf? ajc? vuf?

t*Fgrsm; jzwfypfjcif; odkYr[kwf tqaygif; 30avsmfaMu;ay;jcif;ponfwdkY jzpf\/

393

i/ þor®mw&m;udk t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk &Sif;vif;aom? t"dyÜg,fay:vSonfh tvm;wl usrf;ydk'ftcsKdU&Sdonf/ 1/ 0wfjyK 19;1-18 ]]oifwdkY\ bk&m;ocif igxm0&bk&m; oefY&Sif;ojzifh oifwdkYvnf; oefY&Sif;jcif; &SdMuavmh}}

(u) uREkfyfwdkY\ touf&Sifjcif; ykHpHonf uRefawmfwdkY zcrnf;awmfESifh uRefawmfwdkY bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pk Muiftifvu©Pmrsm; xif[yfay:vGifaeap&ygrnf/ (i,f 18)

(c) uRefawmfwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;onf rdrdwdkY\ aeYpOf toufwmtm; jyK&rnfh tjyKtrlrsm;jzifhjzpfap? wm;jrpfcsufrsm;jzifh jzpfap tusKd;oufa&monfhjyif rSefuefaom t&if;cHtaMumif;rsm;jzifh jyKjcif;jzpf&ygrnf/ (i,f 17)

(*) 0dkif;y,fcHolrsm;ESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm; oem;Muifemjcif;onf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;rsm;tm; rw&m;vk,ljcif; rjyK&jcif; enf;wl t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ i,f 11

2/ tmrkwf 8;4? 7 bk&m;ocifonf rw&m;&,ljcif;udk rkef;wD;onf/

3/ rdu©m 6;6-8 rdrdwdkY jyKrIorQü rSefueffap&ef bk&m;ocif tvdkawmf&Sdonf/ tb,hfaMumifh cdk;,lhjcif; rjyKMuoenf;/

4/ xGufajrmuf 22;1/ rw&m;vk,ljcif; taMumif;udkifwG,f&mwGif ,aeYacwfopfü vdktyfaom or®mw&m;rSm jyefvnfay;avsmfjcif; jzpfonf/ tjypf[lorQ wefbkd;MuD;av;onf/

3/ vufawGY usifhokH;jcif; or®mw&m;rsm;

u/ C.S. Lewis \ ZeD;? Davidman onf ynwfawmf q,fyg;taMumif; zwfcsifhpzG,f pmtkyfwpftkyf a&;onf/ olronf þynwfcsufudk bmomjyef&mü ]]wpkHw&mtm; tvum;&&Sd&ef rMudK;pm;&}} [kqdkonf/ ¤if;onf jrifuGif;tm; ydkifqdkifjcif;udk ausmfvGefí qJGqefYvdkufonf/ xdkYjyif olrajymonfrSm ]]ydkifqdkifrIonf tjypfr[kwfonfenf;wl? rjzpfrae tcGifhta&;vnf; r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf bk&m;ocifxHrS ,kHMunfpGm iSg;&rf;xm;aom t&mjzpfonf/}} [k qdkonf/ c/ usqif;aom vlYESvkH;om;\ tjcm;tjypfrsm; enf;wl cdk;0Sufjcif;udk topfaom pdwfESvkH;ESifh ajz&Sif;onf/ vla[mif; obm0jzpfaom ]]&,ljcif;}} onf vlopfb0ü ]]a0iS}} jcif;tjzpfaMumif;vJoGm;ykHrSm thHMobG,f&m jzpfonf/

*/ bk&m;ocifudk rdrdwdkY ½dkaoav;jrwfaMumif;tm; rdrdwdkY\ y#dnOfcHabmfcHzuf tjcm;olrsm;tm; ½dkaowwfjcif;ü &Sif;vif;pGm jrif&ygrnf/ þor®mw&m;onf ynwfawmf q,fyg;tm; vGrf;rdk;vsuf &Sdonf/ C/ acwfopf vlom;onf enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzifh cdk;0Sufonf/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;

1/ acwfopf vlom;onf cdk;,ljcif;tm; rnfodkY usifhokH;oenf;¿

2/ jyefvnfay;avsmfjcif;onf tjypudk aemifw&jcif;ESifh rnfokdY qufpyfoenf;¿

3/ þusrf;ydk'fonf ypönf;Opömydkifqdkifjcif; tay:t&Sif;&Sif 0g'\ tjrifESifh rnfokdY qufpyfoenf;¿

xGufajrmuf&m/ 20;17 remvdkjcif;

1/ ed'gef;

u/ aemufqkH; ynwfcsuf ig;ckwdkY\ qufpyfykHudk atmufygtwdkif ½IjrifEdkifonf/

394

1/ eHygwf 6?7 ESifh 8 wdkYonf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; ajymifwif;aom tjyKtrlwpfckjzifh emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/

2/ eHygwf 9onf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; tajymtqdktm;jzifh emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/

3/ eHygwf10onf y#dnOfcHabmfcHbuf wpfOD;tm; pdwftm;jzifh emusifapjcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/ c/ trSefrSm remvdkjcif;onf remvdkjcif; cH&ol tdrfeD;jcif;u rxdcdkufbJ? um,uH&Sifu zsufpD;acsrIef;onf/ rnfodkYjzpfap pdwfxJawG;aomt&monf tjyKtrltjzpf qufvufoGm;rnfudk þynwfcsufonf arQmfvifhaejcif; jzpfEkdifonf/ */ þynwfcsufrSm a&S;a[mif; tpöa&; Oya'usrf;üom awGU&aom twkrJhtEdIif;rJh taMumif;t&mjzpfum? ta&SUtv,fydkif; Oya'usrf;rsm;ü rawGU&Sd&[k ½Ijrifol trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ þtopfaom t,ltqrSm pOf;pm;jcif;rjyK&ef wm;jrpfcsufjzpfonf/ tawG;avmuonf 'kp½dkuftjytrlwdkY\ rlvtpjzpfaMumif; tpöa&;wdkY od&SdaMumif;rSm trSefjzpfonf/ (okwÅH 23;7/ ,mukyf 1;14-15)/ odkYaomf þusrf;ydk'frSm tjyKtrludk jzpfay:apaom pdwful; tawG;ESifh oufqdkifonfESifh wlonf/ usrf;ydk'f tawmfrsm;rsm;onf ]]remvdkjcif;}} tm; jykrIjcif;jzpfay:apaom a0g[m& tjzpfokH;Muonf/ (w&m;a[m 7;25/ a,½I 7;21/ rdu©m 2;2)

C/ tav;teufjyKaom t&mudk pm&if;\ yxrqkH;ESi aemufqkH;ü jrif&jcif;rSm trSefjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifudkom udk;uG,fjcif;onf yxrjzpfaomfvnf; þavmut&mrsm;ay: rdrdwdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh &nf&G,f&if;wdkYonf bk&m;ocif tay: rdrdwdkY\ ppfrSefaom oufuyfrIudk azmfjyxif[yfaponf/ þtav;teuf jyKrIESpfzuftm; a,½I\ awmifay:a'oemawmfüvnf; awGY&onf/ róJ 6;33 ]]EdkifiHawmfESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;udk t&if&Smavmh/ odkYjyKvQif xdkt&mrsm;udk (19-32) oifwdkYtm; xyfí ay;awmfrlvwJh}}

2/ pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pk avhvmrI

u/ xGuf 20;17ESifh w&m;a[m 5;21 wdkYon tajccHtm;jzifh wlnDaomfvnf; ay:vGifodomaom uJGjymjcm;em;rI tcsKdU&Sdonf/

1/ ]]aetdrf}} qdkif&mydkí us,fjyefYaom t,ltq (0g) a,musfm;wpfa,muf\ ydkifqdkifrItaMumif; xGufajrmuf&m 20 ü azmfjy&mwGif ZeD;onf jzpfoludkyg xnhfoGif;aomfvnf; w&m;a[m&m 5 ü rlOD;pm;ay;jcif; oabm tvm;oD;oefY ae&mü azmfjyonf/

2/ xGufajrmuf&m 20 &Sda[jAJ a0g[m& ]]remvdk}} \ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]&&Sdvdkonf}} [lí jzpfaomfvnf; w&m;a[m&m 5&Sd 'kwd,pum;vkH;url ]]remvdk}} enf;wl ]]tvdk&Sdonf}} [lí jzpf\ ]]remvdk}} [k qdk&mü tvdk&Sdaom t&m&&Sd&ef tjyKtrlESifh qufpyfaom pdwfqE´udk azmfjyjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ]]tvdk&Sdonf}} (desire) url pdwfaeoabmxm; wpfckwnf;vdkomvQif pl;pdkufonf/

3/ tpöa&; vlrsKd;rsm; oJuEÅm&xJ vSnfhvnfoGm;vmcJhpOf a&;om;aom xGufajrmuf&m 20ü ydkifqdkifaom ypönf;Opömpm&if;rsm;wGif ]]v,f,m}} razmfjyaomfvnf; xGufajrmuf&m 5ü uwdawmfjynfü tajccsaexdkifaom vlYtzJGUtpnf;twGuf tvm;wl ynwfcsufrsm; csxm;onf/

c/ ]]remvdk}} [laom pum;vkH;rSm Mum;aejzpfum? aumif;aomt&mrsm;udk tvdk&Sdjcif;udkvnf; &nfnTef;Edkifonf/ (qmvH 9;10? 1aum 12;31)/

*/ rrSefaomtvdk&Sdjcif;rSm pmwef?tm'H? {0ESifh uRefawmfwdkYtm;vkH;usqif;&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf rdrdudk,fwdkifrSm remvdkjcif; (tm;usjcif;) ESifh &kef;uef&oljzpfaMumif; a&mr 7;7? 8ü txl;wvnf azmfjyxm;onf/ remvdkjcif; (tm;usjcif;) onf bk&m;ocif\ apmifha&Smuf axmufrjcif;tay: rwif;wdrfjcif;ESifh udk;pm;rIr&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/

C/ "r®opfü remvdkjcif;taMumif;usrf;ydk'f tawmfrsm;rsm;ü yg&Sdonf/

395

1/ vlom;\ jyóemrSm a&mifh&JU wif;wdrfrIr&Sdjcif;ESifh avmbMuD;jcif;jzpfonf/ (vkum 12;15? 1wd 6;810)

2/ npfnrf;apaomtjypfrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&mü a,½Ionf remvdkjcif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;onf/ (rmuk 7;17? 23? 1aum 5;10? {zuf 5;5? aumavm 3;5)/

3/ or®mw&m;rsm;udk vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;

u/ wyfrufaom avmbESifh a&mifh&JUwif;wdrfrIr&Sdjcif;twGuf tajzrSm

1/ cspfjcif;arwÅ a&mr 13;8-10

2/ a&mif&JU wif;wdrfjcif; a[jAJ 13;5 zd 4;11-13 (ESifh a0rQjcif;) zd 4;14)

c/ ynwfw&m;awmfonf ]]&yfwefYvdkuf}} [lí ajymaomfvnf; &yfwefY&ef pGrf;tm;udk c&pfawmfuomvQif ay;ygonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ tawG; avmuudk ocifbk&m;txJü wpfckaom twdkif;twmxd xdef;csKyfEdkifpGrf;&Sdygonf/ */ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk od&Sdxm;ygonf/

1/ 1&mZ0if 28;9

2/ okwÅH 20;27

3/ qmvH 139;1?23

4/ a,Z 17;10?

5/ a&mr 8;27

6/ Asm'dwf 2;23

C/ t&m0w¬Krsm;rSm qdk;oGrf;onf r[kwfaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkYudk OD;pm;ay;aomtcg tjypfjzpfvmonf/ t&m0w¬KwdkYrSm tqkH;pGefodkYr[kwf xm0&r[kwfbJ bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfESifh zefqif;xm;aom vluomvQif xm0&jzpfonf/ remvdkjcif;onf y#dnOfcH vlYtzJGUtpnf;tm; taumufMuHí zsufqD;aom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh jyKrlaqmif&Gufaponf/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;

1/ remvdkjcif; [lonf tb,fenf;/

2/ acwfopfvlom;rsm;onf rnfuJhodkY remvdkMuoenf;/

3/ uREfkyfwdkY tawG;rsm;rSm tjypf[kwfygovm;/

4/ c&pf,mef toufwmü axG;awmjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifh ta&;MuD;oenf;/

5/ xufajrmuf 20;17 &Sd ynwfcsufonf w&m;a[m&m 5;21 xJu tvm;wl ynwfcsufESifh tb,faMumifh uJGjym;jcm;em;oenf;/



]]taMumif;rSm}} ¤if;onf ynwfawmf 10yg;udk &nfnTef;onf/ ynwfawmf 10yg;\ 'kwd,w0uf pDpOfyHkonf *&dvufa&;usrf; Vaticanus ac: B vdkvdkufonf/ ¤if;onf a[jAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;\ (Masoretic) xGufajrmuf&m 20ESifh w&m;a[m&m 5 wkdYESifh tenf;i,f uJGjym;onf/ ynwfawmf 10yg;\ 'kwd,w0ufonf (YHWH) ESifh tpöa&;wdkY\ qufqHa&; tay: tajccHaom wOD;csif;\ qufqHa&;taMumif; jzpfonf/

]]ynwfcsuf&SdorQ tm;vkH;}} ¤if;rSm yxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfum pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[k ,lqjcif; okdYr[kwf ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ þpum;pk\ qdkvdk&if; oabmrSm ]]ynwfawmf 10yg;tjyif tjcm;ynwfcsufrsm; &SdcJhygu}} [kqdkvdkonf/ wpfrsKd;ajym&vQif ¤if;onf arma&S\ ynwÅdusrf; odkYr[kwf a,bk,stm;jzifh ]]w&m;Oya'}} tm;vkH;udk tusOf;csKH;jcif; jzpfonf/

a&S;&kd;*&d vufa&; 2 usrf;rsm;ü þynwfawm 10yg;tm; tpDtpOfcs&mü rnfrQ&SdjyD; rnfodkY jzpfaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí uJGjym;jcm;em;aom rl&if;wpfck&Sdonf/ ,k'bmomü a&wGufykHwpfrsKd;&Sdum? umodkvdyfESifh y&dkwufpfwifhrsm;\ a&wGufykHrSmvnf; wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ þuJGjym;jcm;em;rIonf uJGjym;jcm;em;aom vufa&;usrf;trsm;pk wdkYü &Sdaom þusrf;ydk'f\ t"dyÜg,frSefudk rxdcdkufacs/

]][laom tcsufonf tusOf;csKyfxm;\}} ¤if;udk 0wfjyK 19;18rS udk;um;onf/ ¤if;udk c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü tMudrfaygif;rsm;pGm udk;um;onf/ (róJ 5;43? 19;19? 22;39? rmuk 12;31 ESifh vkum 10;27)/ a,½Ionf ¤if;udk 'kwd, tMuD;rm;qkH; okdYr[kwf yxrtMuD;qkH; ynwfcsuf [k ac:onf/ ¤if;udk *v 5;14 ESifh ,mukyf 2;8 wdkYü vnf; udk;um;onf/ vlwpfa,mufonf bk&m;ocifudk cspfonfhtcg bk&m;ocifcspfaom olrsm;udk cspfvdrfhrnf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh o@mefawmfjzifh zefqif;xm;aom vlom;rsm; urÇmOD; 1;26-27)

]]rdrdudk,f rdrdcspfonf enf;wl rdrdtdrfeD;csif;tm; cspfavmh}} ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk cspfum vufcHjcif;rjyKrD bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk cspfonfenf;wl rdrdudk,f rdrdcspf&rnfjzpfonf/ rdrdudk,f rdrdoifhavsmfpGm cspfjcif;onf raumif;aom t&mr[kwfacs/ þu@\ t"du or®mw&m;udk tjcm;olrsm;tm; cspfjcif;ü &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf (i,f 10)/ bk&m;ocif\ rdrdudk,f rdrday;qyfjcif;? t½IH;cHaom cspfjcif;arwÅmawmf\ xdkYxdjcif;cH&olrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; xdkenf;wl cspfvdrfrnfom jzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;16)/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;\ tajccHjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ o@mefawmfudk jyef vnf&&Sdjcif;)/ þuJhodkYaom cspfjcif; arwm&Sd&m t&yfü w&m;Oya' (ynwfcsuf) rvdktyfacs/ NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 13;11-14

11oifwdkYonf tdyfaysmf&mrS Ekd;&ef tcsdefem&Da&mufjyDjzpfaMumif;? tcsdefumvudk odvsuf þodkY jyKMuavmh/ taMumif;rlum;? u,fwifjcif;onf igw ,kHMunfcJhpOfxuf ,ck ydkí eD;vmjyDjzpf\/ 12ntcsdefukefqkH;í? aeYtcsdefeD;uyfvmjyDjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh arSmifrdkuftusifhrsm;udk z,f&Sm;um? tvif;\ ppf0wfwefqmrsm;udk 0wfqifMuygpdkY/ 13aeYtcsdefrSm uJhodkY aumif;rGefpGm usifhMuHMuum? yJGvrf;obifusif;yjcif;? rI;,Zfaomufpm;jcif;? zdkrudpö ½IyfayGjcif;ESifh umr*kPfvdkufpm;jcif;? cdkuf&ef jzpfyGg;jcif;? remvdkjcif;rsm; r&SdbJ aeMuukefthH/ 14ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfudk 0wfqifum? aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk jznfhqnf;&ef bmrQrjyKbJ aeMuukeftHh/

13;11

NASB ]]þodkY jyKMuavmh}}

NKJV ]]...umþodkY jyKMuavmh}}

NRSV ]]þt&mtjyif}}

TEV ]]oifwdkY þt&mudk vkyfMu&ygrnf}}

NJB ]]xdkYjyif}}

¤if;rSm aemufuvkdufvmaom t&m (11-14) a&SUu t&m (9-10) rsm;ESifh qufpyfay;;jcif;jzpfonf/ w&m;em½kHoufoufjyKolrsm; r[kwfbJ (,mukyf 1;22?23?25) w&m;usifhaom olrsm; jzpfMuavhm/ cspfjcif;arwÅmudk tvkyfjzifh jy&rnfjzpfonf/

397

]]tcsdefumvukd odvsuf}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ þa0g[m&rSm tcsdefumv oD;oefYwpfck (kaivos) udk ajymjcif;jzpfjyD;? ykHrSefouú&mZmf onf vdkufaomtcsdef (chronos) r[kwfacs/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf (1) rnfonfh tcsdefrqdk c&pfawmfjyefvnf<uvmrnf [laom tvif;xJESifh (2) uyfumv topft*kPfOD; oef;vmcJhjyDjzpfaMumif; [laom tvif;ESpfckxJ touf&Sif&ef jzpfonf/

]]tcsdefem&Da&mufjyDjzpfaMumif;}} bk&m;ocif\ a&G;EIwfjcif; pDrHawmfrIcsufü (3;26/ 1aum 7;29/ 10;11/ ,mukyf 5;8/ 1ay; 4;7/ 2ay 3;9-13/ 1a,m 2;18/ Asm 1;3/ 22;10) þwifpm;rIjzpfaom ]]tcsdefem&D}} (a,m[ef c&pf0ifusrf;ü rMucPokH;) rSm oD;oefY tcsdefwpfckjzpfonf/ (kairos ESifh qifwljzpfonf/) ¤if;udk a,½I vuf0g;uyfwdkifay: taocHjcif;ESi jyefvnf<uvmjcif;twGuf okH;onf/

]]tdyfaysmf}} þa0g[m&udk udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;&mayghavsmhrItm; wifpm;&ef okH;onf/ ({zuf 5;8-14/ 1ouf 5;6)/ pum;vkH;rsm;onf wpkHw&maom usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmtm;jzifh omvQif t"dyÜg,f &Sdonf/ t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk csuf taorSwf,ljcif;tm; owdjyKyg/ pum;vkH;wdkif;ü jzpfEdkifaom t"dyÜg,f tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdonf/ (t"dyÜg,fyGg;)

]]u,fwifjcif;onf ,ckydkí eD;vmjyD}} u,fwifjcif;rSm tpjyKqkH;jzpfcsufESifh qufvufoGm;aejcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 10;14ü Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm; rdrdwdkY\ udk,fcE¨m topfr&rcsif; &yfwHhjynfhpkHoGm;rnf r[kwfacs/ (1a,m 3;2/ 2ouf 4;13-18/ a[jAJ 9;28/ 1ay 1;5)/ "r®oabmw&m;tm;jzifh ¤if;udk ]]bkef;MuD;apjcif; csD;ajrSmufjcif;}} [k ac:onf/ (a&mr 8;30)? ocifbk&m;onf rdrdtouf&SifaepOf jyefvnf<uvmrnfudk arQmfvifh&jcif;rSm acwftqufquf c&pf,mefwdkif;\ ajrmfvifhjcif; jzpfonf/ (vkum 21;28)/ aygvk tygt0ifvnf; jzpfonf/ (1ouf 4;15)

]]igwdkY ,kHMunfcJhpOfuxuf}} c&pf,mefrSm qkH;jzwfcsuf wpfckjzifh tpjyKonf rSefaomfvnf; (csufjcif; ajzmifhrwfapjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif;) bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHjzpfay:apum (qufvufwdk;wufjzpfay:aom oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 ü Munfhyg)/ c&pfawmfESifh wljcif;jzifh tqkH;owfonf/ (bkef;MuD;apjcif;? csD;ajrSmufjcif;)/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmftxJ ay;prf;aeaom t&mudk vufcH&ef jzpfonf/ (a,m 1;12/ 3;16/ a&mr 10;9-13)/ þtpjyKqkH;jzwfcsufESifh &yfwHhroGm;bJ? qufuyfjzpfay:aeonf/ 13;12 ]]ntcsdefukefcgeD;}} ¤if;onf qdk;oGrf;aom zsufpD;jcif;cHum? tpm;xkd;jcif; jyKaejyDjzpfaom qdk;qGrf;onfh þvuf&Sduyfumvudk &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum 7;29-31/ 10;11/ ,mukyf 5;8/ {zuf 5;8?14/ 1a,m 4;7/ 2a,m 2;17-18/ Asm 1;3/ 22;10)/ txl;taMumif;t&m 12;2 ü Munfhyg/ aygvkESifh a,m[efwdkYuomvQif yifv,faousrf;pmvdyf (Dead Sea Scroll- DSS) enf;wl tarSmifESifh tvif;\ uJGjym;jcm;em;rIudk tokH;jyK azmfjyMuonf/

]]aeYtcsdefeD;vmjyD}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ þaeY&ufrsm;onf aemufqkH;aom umvjzpfonf/ (zd4;5/ ,mukyf 5;9)/ a,½I vl0ifpm;um? zGm;jrifawmfrlcsdefrSpí uRefawmfwdkYrSm aemufqkH;aom umvtwGif; a&mufcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ ¤if;on bkef;wef;cdk;awmfjzifh oljyefvnf<uvmonftxd Mumvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ yxrwpf&mckrSpí ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf jyefvnf<uvmjcif; þodkY tcsdefMum&Snf aESmifhaES;jcif;udk tHhtm;oifhcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf uyfumvtopfonf c&pfawmftxJ t*kPfOD;wufcJhjyDjzpf\/

c&pfawmf<uvmjcif;\ eD;uyfrItaMumif;rSwfpkudk Asm'dwfusrf;tm; uREkfyfteufzGifhrI\ ]]ta&;MuD;aom rdwfqufpum;}} acgif;pOfatmufrS ,ljcif;jzpfonf/ tifwmeufwGif www.freebiblecommentary.org ü Munfhyg/ ]]qXrwif;rmrI}} (c&pfawmf<uvmjcif;\ eD;uyfrI tNydKif ¤if;\ MuefYMumrI Parousia). ,kHMunfoltrsm;pkwdkYrSm a,½Ionf rMurD rarQmfvifhonfh tcsdefü &kwfw&uf jyefvnf<uvmrnf[k oGefoifjcif;cHcJhMuonf/ (róJ 10;23/ 24;27? 34? 44/ rmuk 9;1/ 13;30) odkYaomf arQmfvifhol ,kHMunfaom rsKd;qufwdkif;rSm ,ckxd vTJrSm;oGm;cJhMuonf/ a,½I jyefvnf<uvmcsdef eD;aejyDjzpfaMumif;rSm rsKd;qufwdkif;ü wef;cdk;MuD;vSaom ajrmfvifhjcif;uwdawmfjzpfcJhaomfvnf; ¤if;rSm wpfa,mufaom oltwGufomvQif rSefuefonf/ (xdkolrSm nSOf;yrf;ESdyfpufjcif; cHoljzpfonf) ,kHMunfol lrsm;onf udk,fawmf reufjzef<uvmrnfuJhodkY touf&Sif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; olaESmifhaES;jyefYMum OD;rnfh tvm; pDpOfum? r[mapcdkif;jcif; jyD;ajrmufap&ef vkyfaqmifMu&ef jzpfonf/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;xJu tcsKdUusrf;ydk'frsm;ESifh (rmuk 13;10/ vkum 17;2/ 18;8)

1?2oufomavmed Mo0g'pmrsm;onf 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif; aESmifhaES;MuefYMumrIudk tajccHonf/ (Pariusia) xdktcsdefrwdkifrD yxrqkH;jzpfay:rnfh ordkif;0iftjzpftysuftcsKdU &Sdonf/

1/ wurÇmvkH; {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; ysHUESHapjcif; (róJ 24;15/ rmuk 13;10)

2/ ]]t"r®vl}} ay:vmjcif; (ró 24;15/ 2ouf 2/Asm 13)

3/ MuD;rm;aom nTef;qJESdyfpufjcif; (róJ 24;21?24/ Asm 13)/ wrifoufouf t"dyÜg,f r&Sif;vif;? roJuJGrI&Sdonf/ (róJ 24;42-51/ rmuk 13;32-36) ,aeYonf rdrd\ aemufqkH;aeYuJhodkY touf&Sifum? tem*wftrIawmftwGuf pDpOfavhusifhyg/

]]z,f&Sm;.... 0wfqif}} ¤if;rSm a&SmifwcifvdktyfrIudk jyaom AORIST MIDDLE SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfonf/ oabmrSm ]]oifhudk,fwdkif z,f&Sm;yg... wpfcgwnf;ESifhtjyD;tydkif;twGuf 0wfqifyg}} [lí jzpfonf/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif; (aemifw&jcif;ESifh ,kHMunfjcif;) ESi oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapjcif; (bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaom touf&Sifjcif;) ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ü bk&m;ESifh vlom;ESpfzufpvkH;yg0ifonf/ t0wftpm;jzifh wifpm;azmfjyjcif;udk aygvka&;aom pmrsm;ü ygaeusjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm rdrdwdkY\ n0wf? t0wftpm;rsm; cRwfypfum? wdkufyJG0if 0wfpkHrsm; 0wfqifMu&ef jzpfonf/ ({zu 4;22-25/ aum 3;10? 12?14)/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm aeYpOf 0dnmOfwdkufyJGtwGuf jyifqifaeaom c&pf,mefppfonfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ({zuf 6;10-18)/ NIDNTT, vol. 1, pp. 315-316 \ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/ ]]tvif;\ ppf0wfwefqm}} ¤if;rSm a[&Sm 59;17 tm;&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm ajzmifhrwfjcif; ppf0wfwefqmESifh vufeufypönf;rsm;udk tjyD;tydkif wyfqif&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 6;7/ 10;4/ {zuf 6;11? 13/ 1ouf 5;8)/ bk&m;ocif\ ppf0wfwefqmwdkYrSm ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf &EkdifonfrSefaomfvnf; uREfkyfwdkYonf

1/ rdrdwdkY\ vdktyfrIudk todtrSwfjyK&rnf

2/ bk&m;ocif\yHhydk;rIudk todtrSwfjyK&rnf

3/ ¤if;udk rdrdwdkYtawG;urÇmESifh vufawGUb0wGif vludk,fwdkifESifh &nf&G,fcsufjzifh jynfhpkHap&rnf/ þb0toufwmrSm aeYpOf 0dnmOfwdkufyJGqifEJTaejcif;jzpfonf/ Clinton F. Arnold \ Three Crucial Questions About Spiritual Warfare pmtkyfüMunfhyg/

13;13

]]aumif;rGefpGm usifhMuHMuum}}

¤if;rSm AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfum?

trSefpifppfrSm ]]vrf;avQmuf}} [lí jzpfonf/ þa[jAJ tD'D,HrSm touf&Sifjcif;ykHpH wpfckudk qdkvdkonf/ ({zuf 4;1?17/ 5;2? 15)/ aygvk 33 Mudrf ausmfokH;onf/ þtcef;i,f 13ü azmfjyaom tjypfrsm;rSm a0g[m& ESpfvkH;pDygaom trsKd;tpm;okH;rsKd;jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&rsm;rSm t"dyÜg,fxyf aeonf/ t"dyÜg,fwl pum;vkH; oabmqdkvdkjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aumif;jrwfaom t&mrsm;ESi ,kwfnhHaom t&mrsm; 1;28-32 Munfhyg/ þa0g[m&rsm;onf a&mrtoif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfol wyg;trsKd;rsm;tMum; wif;rmrIESifh qufpyfrI &SdEdkifonf/ wyg;trsKd; ,kHMunfoltopfrsm;onf (1) tusifhysufaom omoemy udk;uG,fjcif;qdkif&m usifhokH;rI tcsKdUqufvufMujcif;? odkYr[kwfyguvnf; (2) a&mrjrdKUawmftwGif; *sL;bmoma&; yJGvrf;obiftm;vkH; &yfwHh&ef eD;&dk;bk&if\ trdefYawmfaMumifh wcPxGufajy;&mrS jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmaom ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;udk armufrmpGm qefYusifbufjyKaejcif; jzpfEdkifonf/



]]yJGvrf;obifusif;yjcif;ESifh rI;,Zfaomufpm;jcif;}} óoemy vlrsKd;rsm;\ t&ufaomuf&aom bmoma&; yJGvrf;obifrsm;ESifh qufpyfaom vdifrIudpö usL;vGefazmufzsufjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ *v 5;21u aoG;om; Zmwd qdkif&mtjypfrsm; pm&if;ü þ a0g[m&rsm;udkvnf; ,SOfwJGxnfhoGif;onf/



]]zdkrudpö½IyfayGjcif;ESifh umr*kPfvkdkufpm;jcif;}} þtwJGonf yxrtwJGESifh xyfae[ef&Sdonf/ 'kwd,a0g[m&udk "r®opfusrf;ü tus,ft0ifh tokH;jyKonf/ (rmuk 7;22/ 2aum 12;21/ *v 5;19/ {zuf 4;19/ 1ay 4;3/ 2ay 2;7)/ yxrtwJGonf t&ufaopmaomufpm;jcif;udk tm½kHjyKonfqdkvQif þtwJGonf vlrIa&;t& xdef;csKyfrIr&SdbJ? t&SuftaMumufuif;rJhaom umr*kPfvdkufpm;rIudk tm½kHjyKonf/



]]cdkuf&efjzpfyGg;jcif;? remvdkjcif;r&SdbJ}} þa0g[m&rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ vlrsm;twGif; cdkuf&ef jzpfyGg;jcif;taMumif;ajymonf/ (*v 5;20) ¤if;rSm txufyg yxrtwJGESifh qdkifaom rqDavsmfonfh tusifh\ tusKd;qufjzpfEdkifonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf c&pf,mefrsm;udk ajymjcif;jzpfygu (1aum 3;3/ aum 3;8) ,kHMunfolrsm; toufwmü &yfwHhypfvdkuf&efjzpfaom omoemybmoma&; usifhokHk;rItcsKdUtm; qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap þtcef;i,fonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh qefYusifhbufjzpfaeojzifh þ½Iaxmifht& ¤if;rSm usrf;pum; tquftpyft& MudKwifowday;jcif; oufoufjzpfayrnf/

13;14 ]]ocifa,½Ic&pfudk 0wfqifum}} þwifpm;okH;EIef;rIonf &Sifbk&ifa,½I\ &Sifbk&if0wf&kHudk &nfnTef;jyD; ¤if;udk ,kHMunfolrsm;\ ykckH;ay:csxm;vsuf&Sdonf/ (&yfwnfhrIqdkif&m oefY&Sif;jcif;) tcsKdUusrf;pmq&mrsm;onf ¤if;udk ESpfjcif;r*Fvm 0wf&kHtm;&nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf ½Ijrifxm;Muonf/ þt0wftpm;jzifh wifpm;rIudk tcef;i,f 12ü yxrOD;qkH; azmfjyonf/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmftxJ ,kHMunfol\ taetxm;opftm;jyojcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf c&pfawmftxJu ,kHMunfolrsm;\ &yfwnfcsuf topfaMumiffh olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtopfqdkif&m a&G;cs,frIrsm; (qufuyfjzpfay:aom oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;) jynfhpkHapMu&rSm jzpfaMumif;udkvnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ ({zuf 4;22? 24/ aum 3;8)/ þor®mw&m;udk *vwd 3;27ü tjzpftysuf rSefwpf&yftjzpf (INDICATIVE) azmfjyonf/þae&mürl apckdif;jcif;wpfcktjzpf azmfjyonf/ IMPERATIVE (AORIST MIDDLE) tjzpftrSefwpf&yftjzpfESifh apcdkif;jcif;wpfcktjzpf azmfjyrI tMum; wif;rmrIonf c&pfawmftxJ uRefawmfwdkY\ &yfwnfcsufESifh xdk&yfwnfcsufudk ydkifqdkif&ef uRefawmfwdkY\ tm;xkwfjcif;wdkYtMum; wif;rmrIudkjyonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 ü Munfhyg)/ u,fwifjcif;&vQif&csif; uRefawmfwdkYrSm oefY&Sif;olrsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf;? uRefawmfwdkYudk oefY&Sif;&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf/ ¤if;rSm c&pfawmftxJ tcrJh jynfhpkHaom u,fwifjcif;ESifh or®musrf;pmawmfvm qefYusifbufjzpfae[efjzifh ESpfckpvkH; rSefaomtaMumif;t&m (paradox) wpfckjzpfum c&pfawmfESifhtwl&ef zdwfac:aomc&moH jzpf\/

400

]]tvdkjznfhqnf;&ef bmrQrjyKbJ}} ¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICIPLE ygaom PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ þo'´gzJGUpnf;ykHrsKd;onf qufuyfjzpfay:aecJhjyD; jzpfaom tjyKtrlwpf&yftm; &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ a&mrjrdKU &Sdc&pf,meftcsKdU touf&SifaeykHrSm rqDravsmfjzpfaeonfudk qdkvkd[ef&Sdonf/ olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ ,cif rdpä'dXd udk;uG,fjcif; tusifhrsm; qufvufjyKaeMuonfESifh wlonf/ aoG;om;Zmwdtvdkudk vkdufaom c&pf,mefrsm;taMumif; "r®opfusrf;\ oGefoifykHudk &Sif;jy&ef cufcJonf/ "r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;onf vlom;rsm;\ tajctaeudk tjzLtrJ a0g[m&rsm;jzifh (oJuJGjywfom;pGm) wifjyMuonf/ aoG;om;Zmwd c&pf,mef qdkonfudk pum; a0g[m&rsm;tm;jzifh jiif;qdkon/f odkYaomf ¤if;rSm ]]jzpfcJhjyD;}} ESifh ]]rjzpfao;aom uRefawmfwdkY\ yuwdvufawGU toufwm rsm; vnf; jzpfaeygonf/ aygvkonf vlom;udk tkyfpkokH;rsKd; cJGonf/ (1aum; 2;14-3;1)

1/ obm0 vlrsm; (0dnmOfaysmufqkH;ol vlom;rsm;) 2;14

2/ 0dnmOfvlrsm; (u,fwifjcif;&ol vlom;rsm;) 3;1

3/ aoG;om;Zmwd (c&pf,mefrsm;odkYr[kwf c&pf,mef uav;i,frsm;) [lí jzpfonf/ 3;1

]]aoG;om;Zmwdtvdk}} aygvkonf usqif;aom uRefawmfwdkY\ tm'H obm0ü qufvufaejcif;\ tEÅ&,fudk aumif;pGm od&Sdonf/ (a&mr 7/ {zuf 2;3) odkYaomf bk&m;ociftwGuf touf&Sifvdkaom pdwfESifh wefckd;udk a,½Ionf uRefawmfwdkYudk ay;xm;onf/ (a&mr 6)/ ¤if;rSm qufvufjzpfaeaom tm;xkwf&kef;uefrIjzpfonf/ (8;5-7/ 1a,m 3;6-9)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / aoG;om;Zmwd (sarx) 1;3 ü Munfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/

1/ tpdk;&taMumif; aygvk\ azmfjycsufonf ueOD; c&pf,mefrsm;twGuf tb,faMumifh tvGefjyif;xef &oenf;¿

2/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rnfonfh tpdk;&ykHpHrsKd;udk rqdk emcH&ygrnfavmh¿

3/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf tpdk;& awmif;qdkaom w&m;Oya' tm;vkH; emcH&ygOD;rnfavmh¿

4/ &Sifbk&ifü bk&m;ay;aom tcGifhta&;&Sdonf[k tcef;i,f 1onf oGefoifygoavm¿

5/ aygvkonf "r®oabmw&m;topf azmfxkwfvdkufjcif;avm¿

6/ tpdk;&tm; remcHjcif;onf c&pf,mefrsm;twGuf rSefuefcJhbl;ygovm;¿

7/ ti,f 4onf ao'Pftjypfay;jcif;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;¿

8/ c&pf,mefwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwf^twGif;pdwf (rdrdudk,f rdrdoaom pdwf) onf tjrJrSefygovm;¿ (i,f 5)

9/ ti,f 8udk tajcjyKum? c&pf,mefrsm;on ta<u;aps;0,fu'frsm; r&Sd&oavm¿

10/ ti,f 8onf tjcm;aom c&pf,mefrsm;tm; cspfjcif; (0g) vltm;vkH; cspfjcif; b,f[mudk ajymygoenf;¿ 11/ aygvkonf "r®opf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk vHIYaqmfay;&ef ynwfawmf q,fyg;udk tb,faMumifh okH; oenf;¿ 12/ aygvkonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh ygwfoufí tb,faMumifh xkduJhodkY aMumufvefYbG,f&m tjypfudk xnfhoGif;oenf;¿

13/ vlonf ]]ocifa,½I c&pfawmfudk rnfuJhodkY 0wfqif}} oenf;¿

a&mr

acwfopf bmomjyefusrf;rsm;tm; pmydk'fcJGjcif; 4BS4

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TEV NJB oifhnDtpfudktm; vGwfvyfjcif;\ arwÅmonf tjcm;ol tjcm;olrsm; pdwfroefYolrsm;tay: w&m;rpD&ifESifh Oya'o rsm;\pdwfroefYrIudk udkrpD&ifESifh cspfjcif;arwÅm av;pm;wwfonf

14;1-12 14;1-13 14;1-4 14;1-4 14;1-12 14;5-6 14;5-12 14;7-9 14;10-12 rdrdnDtpfudk arwÅm\Oya'o tjcm;olrsm;udk udkrvJapESifh rvJapESifh 14;13-23 14;14-23 14;13-23 14;13-18 14;13-21 14;19-23 (14;22-25;6) 14;22-23 ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif;

þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;vJ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/ tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm; wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/ t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SmOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsufem;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

yxrpmydk'f

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403

ti,f 1-12tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif; u/ þtcef;MuD;onf c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIqdkif&m qefYusifbufjzpfaeoa,mifjzifh rSefaomt&mrsm;ESifh c&pf,mef\ wm0ef0w¬&m;tm; csdefcGifvQmnDap&ef tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/. tcef;MuD; 15;13 txdjcKHonf/ c/ þtcef;MuD;\ tvsifpvdkEdkifrIrSm a&mr toif;awmftwGif; wyg;trsKd; ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh *sL;vlrsKd; ,kHMunfolrsm;tMum; wif;rmrIaMumifh (odkYr[kwf xdktcsdefü aum&dEÅK toif;awmftwGif; aygvk\ tawGYtMuHKaMumifh) jzpfEdkifonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;onf rajymif;vJrD ynwfw&m; buf,drf;,dkifolrsm;jzpfum? wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;rSmrl tusifhysufjcif; bufodkY ,drf;,dkifolrsm;jzpfonf/ þtcef;MuD;onf a,½I\ aemufvdkufppfppfrsm;udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ Zmwdqefaom ,kHMunfolrsm;tm; ajymjcif;r[kwfacs/ (1aum 3;1) tjrifhrm;qkH;aom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk tkyfpkESpfckpvkH;twGuf jzpfonf[k ajymonf/ þaqG;aEG;wifjyrIonf tjypf&Smaom w&m;Oya'orm;rsm; (0g) *kPfazmfaom vpfb&,f0g'Drsm;twGuf cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpifr[kwfacs/ aygvkonf aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS a&mrjrdKUodkY a&;om;jcif;jzpfonfudk owd&yg/ xdae&m&Sd jyóemrSm *dkPf;*epdwfjzpfaomfvnf;? þae&mürl ykHpHrwlaom ,kHMunfolrsm; &Sdonf/

*/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ "r®oabmw&m; (0g) udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udk tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm; tm;vkH;twGufvnf; rjzpfap&ef owdxm;&rnf (2aum 10;12)/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;xJavQmufoGm;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\ "r®oabmw&m;rSm tvdkvdkyif bk&m;ocif\ "r®oabm w&m;jzpfroGm;aMumif; em;vnfxm;&efvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY tcsif;csif;onf or®musrf;pm tm;jzifh usKd;aMumif;qifjcifrIESifh tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh tm;ay;wdkufwGef;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; arwÅmtm;jzifh jzpf&ygrnf/ rdrdodaMumif;ydkí odavav? todynmydkrsm;vmavjzpfonf/ (1aum 13;12)

C/ tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk wefzdk;jzwf&mü bk&m;ocifha&SUawmfarSmufü rdrdwdkU\ pdwfae oabmxm;ESifh xdkYodkUjyK&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;rsm;rSm wu,faomhcsufrsm;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;rnfuJhodkUjyKMuaMumif; tay:w&m;pD&ifjcif;cH&ef c&pfawmfa&SUarSmufü &yfMu&rnf/ (ti,f 10?12ESifh 2aum 5;10)

i/ rmwifvlomajymonfrSm ]]c&pf,mefvlwpfa,mufonf rnfolYvufatmufürS r&Sdaom vltm;vkH;teuf ocifbk&m;\ tvGwfvyfqkH;aomvljzpfonf/ c&pf,mef vlwpfa,mufrSm tm;vkH;\ vufatmufcHjzpfaom tm;vkH;teufrS wm0eft&SdqkH;tapcHjzpfonf}} [kqdk\/ or®musrf;pmvm or®mw&m;[lonf qefYusifaeoa,mif&Sdaomfvnf; trSefjzpfaomwif;rmrIESifh jynfhaom ykHpHjzifh wifqufxm; avh&Sd\/

p/ cufcJaomfvnf; ta&;MuD;aomtaMumif;t&mrSm a&mr 14;1-15;13? 1aum 8-10 ESifh aumavm 2;8-23 wdkYjzpfonf/ þu@ü uREkfyftm;yHhykd;aom pmtkyfrSm Gordon Free and Douglas Stuart, "How To Read the Bible for All Its Worth" pmrsufESm 75-86/

q/ rnfodkYjzpfap&dk;om;jzLpifaom ,kHMunfolwdkUtMum; trsKd;rsKd;jzpf&Mujcif;rSm qdk;aomt&mr[kwaMumif; azmfjy&ef vdktyfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkif;ü tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufudk,fpD&SdMuonf/ vlwdkif; rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;xJoGm;um tvif;ydkrdk&&Sd&ef 0dnmOfawmfESifh or®musrf;pmtwGuf tjrJwHcg;zGifhay;&ygrnf/ rIef0g;aom

404

MunfhrSefrS wqifhomjrif&aom þumvü (1aum 13;8-13) cspfjcif;arwÅmtxJ (ti,f15) jidrf;csrf;pGmjzifh (i,f 17?19) tjyeftvSefwnfaqmufp&mjzpfapjcif;iSg touf&Sif&rnfjzpfonf/

Z/ þtkyfpkrsm;udk aygvkay;aom ]]tm;&Sdol}} ESifh ]]tm;enf;ol}} [laom emrnfwdkYonf olwdkUudk wpfrsKd;xifp&m jzpfaponf/ aygvk\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm xdkodkUr[kwfac/ ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ppfrSefaom ,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk rdrdwdkU\ ykHpHodkY oGufoGif;bdkY MudK;pm;&ef r[kwfay/ c&pfawmftxJ tcsif;csif;vufcHMu&efomjzpfonf/

ps/ aMumif;usKd;jyaom þaqG;aEG;csufwpfckvkH;udk atmufygtwdkif;tusOf;csKyfqdkifonf/

1/ bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmfxJü uREkfyfwdkYudk vufcHojzifh tcsif;csif;vufcHMu (14;1-3? 15;7)/

2/ c&pfawmfonf igwdkY\ ocifESifhw&m;olMuD;jzpfojzifh tcsif;csif;pD&ifjcif;rjyK& (14;3-12)

3/ wpfOD;jcif; vGwfvyfrIxuf cspfjcif;arwÅmrSm omí ta&;BuD; (14;13-23)

4/ c&pfawmf\ touf&Sifjcif; vdkvdkufí tjcm;olrsm;twGuf wnfaqmufp&mjzpfap&ef rdrdtcGifhta&;udk t½IH;cHyg/ (15;1-13) pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom bmomjyefusrf; 14;1-4

1,kHMunfjcif;tm;enf;oludk vufcHyg/ odkUaomf ol\ t,ltqrsm;udk pD&ifjcif;jyK&e &nf&G,fcsuf r[kwf&yg/ 2vlwpfa,mufonf tpmtm;vkH;pm;Edkifonf [laom tjrif&dSaomfvnf; tm;enf;aom olurl [if;oD;[if;&Gufudkom pm;onf/ 3pm;aom oludk rpm;aom olonf txifao;&efr[kwf/ rpm;aom oludk pm;aom olonf pD&ifjcif;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf olYudk vufcHawmfrljyD/ 4tjcm;ol\ tapcHudk pD&ifjcif;jyK&ef oifonf rnfolenf;/ ol&yfwnfonfjzpfap? vJonfjzpfap olYociftwGufjzpfonf/ ocifbk&monf olYudk &yfwnfapEdkifojzifh olonf &yfwnfvdrfhrnf/

14;1

NASB ]]vufcHyg}} (accept)

NKJV ]]vufcHyg}} (receive)

NRSV, TEV ]]MudKqdkyg}}

NJB ]]MudKqdkjcif;jyKyg}}

¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf (15;1) qufvufaeaom apcdkif;jcif;jzpfjyD; vufcHrnfht&mudk txl;jyKon/f *&dMud,mü ]]oif}} (wdkU) [laom emrf;pm;&Sdaomfvnf; t*Fvdyfürl ¤if;onf ]]tm;&Sdol}} c&pf,mefrsm;udk qdkvdkum olwdkYudkyif &nfnTef;onf/ (15;1) ¤if;onf a&mr toif;&Sd tkyfpkESpfckwdkY udkqdkvdkonf/ ¤if;\ jzpfEdkifaomqufpyfrIrSm 1/ ,kHMunfol *sL;ESifh wjcm;,kHMunfolrsm; tMum;wif;rmrI (15;7-21) odkYr[kwf ((2) uJGjym;jcm;em;aom vlyk*¾Kvf wOD;jcif;\ pHrsm;[lí jzpfonf/ þ usrf;ydk'fwpfckvkH;onf ppfrSefjyD;&dk;om;aom ,kHMunfol lrsm;taMumif;jzpfum ,kHMunfjcif;ü tcsKdUtm;&Sdum wcsKdUtm;enf;onf/ þae&mü ,kHMunfjcif;qdkonfrSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;tm; em;vnfjcif;?¤if;\ tjywfopfvGifjcif;ESifh vGwfajrmufapjcif; qdkif&mrsm; jzpfonf/

405

NASB, NKJV

]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;enf;ol}}

NRSV, TEV ]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;enf;aom olrsm;}}

NJB ]]vlwpfa,muf\ ,kHMunfjcif;aumif;pGm rcdkifchH}} þpum;pkonf rsufESmcsifqdkifaom oabmxm;u tav;teufjyKonf/ t"dyÜg,f&if;rSm ]],kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;onf}} [líjzpfonf/ ypöKyÜefumvjy jzpfaejcif;onf touf&Sifjcif; ykHpHjzpfaMumif;jyonf/ ¤if;onf w&m;Oya'enf;uspdwfaeoabmxm;udkvnf; &nfnTef;onf/ pdwfroefYrIvGefuJaom ,kHMunfol c&pf,mefudk þtcef;MuD;xJü azmfjyyHkokH;rsKd;&Sdonf/

1/ tpm;taomufwm;jrpfjcif; (14;2? 6?21)

2/ txl;aeY&ufrsm; tav;teufxm;jcif; (14;5-6)

3/ pyspf&nfwm;jrpfjcif; (14;17? 21)

þykHpHrsKd; vludk a&m 15;1 ESifh 1aum 8;9-13/ 9;22 wdkYü azmfjyonf/ rdrdudk,frdrdtm;&Sdaom? tm;enf;aomc&pf,mef [lí tvG,fwulrowfrSwfvdkufygESifh/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf u@wpfckü tm; aumif; um? tjcm;u@wpfckütm;enf;Muonf csnf;jzpf\/ þudpötay: aygvk\ pdwfaeoabmxm;rSm *vm 4;9-10 ESifh aum 2;16-23wdkYESifh tvGef fuJGjym;jcm;em;onf/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;onf rrSefaom q&morm;rsm;\ pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh oGefoifrIrsm;udk xif[yfaponf/ a&mrMo0g'pmapmifürlvdyfjympdwfroefYrlvGefuJol ,kHMunfol tppftrSefrsm;jzpfonf/ teufzGifhusrf;a&;om;oltrsm;tjym;wdkYonf ]],kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;olqdk&mü ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm; (*sL;bmom0ifrsm;) ESifh arma&S\ ynwfw&m;tm; emcH&ef qufvufí tav;teufjyKjcif;ESifh xdkodkYjyK&mü arma&S\ ynwÅdusrf;tm; *sL;&dAÁq&mMuD;rsm;\ em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;udk tajccHMujcif;jzpfonf/ (Talmud) ¤if;onf txufygeHygwf 1? 2wdkYESifh aocsmudkufnDaomfvnf; eHygwf 3ESifh rlrudkufnDacs/ xdkUaMumifh þusrf;ydk'fonf vlyk*¾KvfwOD;csif;ESifhydkí udkufnDonf[k uREkfyf,lqonf/ ¤if;onf *sL;jzpfap? wyg;trsKd;om;jzpfap rdrdwdkY\ twdwfumvxkH;wrf;pOfvmrsm;\ vTrf;rdk;jcif;rsm;pGm cHaeolrsm;tm; &nfnTef; jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ /tm;enf;jcif; þae&mü uJGjym;jcm;em;rI&Sdonf/ rrSefaom q&morm;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ t&nftcsif;ESifh w&m;a[mjcif;twwfynmü 0g<um;Muaomfvnf;? aygvku rl ]]tm;enf;jcif;}} (ashtheneo) \ wefbkd; aumif;pGmod&Sdxm;onf/ þpum;vkH;rsm; (odkYr[kwf¤if;wdkY\ tjcm;ykHpHrsm;) yxrESifh'kwd, aum&dEÅKMo0g'pm wdkYü rnfodkYokH;avh&SdaMumif; rSwfom;yg/

0g<um;onf

tm;enf;onf

406



10;8?13?15?16?17

12;5?9?10 (ESpfcg)

13;3?4 (2cg) 9 12;1?5?6?9

tm;enf;jcif;qdkaom oabmudk trsKd;rsKd;okH;onf

bk&m;ocif\ tm;enf;rI/ 1aum;1;25

þavmuü tm;enf;jcif;/ 1aum 1;27

aygvk\ tm;enf;rIESifh pdk;&drfaMumuf&GHUrI/ 1aum 2;3/ 9;22/ 2aum 11;29?30/ 12;5/

aygvkESifh omoemjyKtzGJU/ 1aum 4;10/ 2aum 11;21

tm;enf;aom nDtpfudk/ (a&mr 14;1-15;13) 1aum 8;7?9?10?11?12/9;22/

udk,fcE¨mtm;enf;rI/ 1aum 11;30

vludk,fcE¨mtpdwftydkif;rsm;/ 1aum 12;22

&kyfudk,fcE¨m/ 1aum 15;43

aygvk vludk,fwdkif &Sdjcif; (0g) olw&m;a[muRrf;usifrI/ 2aum 10;10

aygvk\ tm;enf;rIonf bk&m;ocif\ cGeftm;udkjyD;oGm;aponf/ 2aum 12;9?10/ 13;4?9

aygvkrSwqifh c&pfawmftaMumif;a[mMum;jcif;/ 1aum 13;3

c&pfawmf\ &kyfcE¨m/ 2aum 13;4

NASB ]]odkYaomf ol\ t,ltqrsm;udk pD&ifcsufcs&efr&nf&G,f&yg}}

NKJV ]]odkYaomf'd[jzpfp&mtaMumif;rsm;ukdolESifhrjiif;ckH&yg}}

NRSV ]]odkYaomf t,ltqay:tjiif;yGg;&ef r&nf&G,f&yg/}}

TEV ]]odkYaomf olwdkYt,ltqrsm;tm; olwdkYESifh tjiif;tckHrvky&fyg}}

NJB ]]jiif;ckHjcif;rpwifbJ}}

,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYESifh oabmxm;rwdkufqdkifolrsm;tm;? olwdkYajymif;vJ ap&eftm;rxkwfbJ? olwdkYudk tjynfht0vufcH&ygrnfμ ¤if;rSm rdrdwdkYESifh wlnDvm&eftm;xkwfjcif; rjyKbJ rdwfo[m,jzpfap&ef tajccHjzpfonf/ pdwfvGwfvyfrIjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkif; þvkyfief;pOfü yg0ifaeonf/ 0dnmOfawmftm; tvkyfvkyfcGifhESifh wpfOD;csif;tm; &ifhusufvmap&ef ykHoGif;cGifhjyKxm;Mu&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? &ifhusufjcif;? qkd&müyif tm;vkH;tjrifcsif;wlMurnfum;r[kwfacs/

14;2 þtcef;i,fü azmfjyaom tpmrSm usef;rma&;twGu r[kwfbJ? bmoma&;udpöjzpfonf/ tpmESifh fhqdkifaom þjyóemrSm taMumif;&if;ESpfckaMumifh jzpfay:Edkifonf/ (1) *sL;rsm;\ tpmqdkif&mynwfcsufrsm; (0wfjyK&musrf; 11) odkYr[kwf (2) óoemyvlrsm;\ ½kyfwkqif;wkylaZmf&m,Zfaumif\ tom; (1aum &dEÅK 8-10)/ a,½Ionf vludk npfnrf;aponfrSm tpmr[kwfaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonf/ (róJ 15;10-20/ rmuk 7;14-23)/ þ opömw&mudk aumaevdESifh qdkifaom ½lyg½kHü wrefawmf 10wGif o½kyfjy &Sif;vif;onf/ 14;3 ]]pm;aomolonf ... txifao;&efr[kwf}} ]]txifao;&efr[kwf}} ezoutheneo \ onf PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE tm; NEGATIVE PARTICLE ESifh wJGxm;jcif;jzpfum? qufvufcJhjyDaom tjyKtrIwpfcktm; &yfwHhapjcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/ ]]txifao;onf}} qdk&mü ]]ayghyg;aponf}} ]]uvum;jzpfaponf/}} odkYr[kwf ]]wefbkd;rJh jzpfoGm; aponf}} [lí jzpf\/ (14;10/ vkum 18;9/ 1aum 6;4/ 16;11/ 2aum 10;10/ *v 4;14/ 1ouf 5;20)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdudk,frdrdESdrfhcsjcif;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfapjcif;rjyK&efkowdjyK&rnf/ ,kHMunfjcif; tm; aumif;olonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;enf; oludk ½Iwfcsjcif;rjyK&acs/



]]w&m;pD&if}} ¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfí qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrIwpfck &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfjcif; tm;enf;olonf? rdrdwdkYESifh oabmxm; rwdkufqdkifolnDtpfudkrsm;\ tjyKtrIrsm;tm; pD&ifcsufcsjcif;udk &yfwhH&rnfjzpfonf/



]]taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocifonf olYudk vufcHcJhjyD/}} ¤if;rSm AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ þpum;vkH;udkyif ]]vufcH]] [k bmomjyefonf/ ti,f 1ü ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;vufoifhcHjcif;jyKMu&ef tajccHrSm bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmfrS wqifh (15;7) igwdkYudk vufcHcJhjyD[líjzpf\/ ti,f 3 onf ,kHMunfjcif;tm; enf;ol? pdwfroefYrIvGefuJaom c&pf,mefudk wdkuf½kdufajymjcif;jzpfonf/

14;4 ]]oifonf rnfolenf;}} ¤if;rSm *&dvdk tav;teufjyKaom tokH;tEIef;jzpfum? tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfoludk &nfnTef;onf/

]]tapcH}} ¤if;rSm ]]aetdrf}} pk t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom oikos pum;vkH;rSvmaom oiketes jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh tdrfapodkYr[kwf aus;uRef [lí jzpfvdrfhrnf/ (vkum 16;13/ wref 10;7/ a&mr 14;4/ 1ay 2;18)/ xdkpum;vkH;udk *&d"r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint ü xdkoabmjzifh okH;onf/ (urÇm 9;25/27;37/ 44;16?33/ 50;18)/ "r®opfusrf;wGif þa0g[m&rSm ydkíomaom aus;uRefodkYr[kwf tapcHjzpfonf/ doulous ESifh rwlacs/ tdrfap (0g) tdrfuRefjzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkajymvdkonfrSm ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;wdkYonf c&pfawmf\ uRef^tapcHjzpfonf [lí jzpf\/ olonf ¤if;wdkY\ ]]ocif}} jzpfum? oluomvQif olwdkYudk nTefMum;um? olwdkY tjyKtrIESifh&nf&G,f &if;wdkYtwGuf olwdkYudk wm0efcHapvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;10)

]]ol&yfwnfonfjzpfap? vJonfjzpfap olYociftwGufjzpfonf/}} usrf;pum;tquftpyf oabmt& aygvkonf pdwfroefYrlvGefuJolwdkYu ajymjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;azmfjyaomtaMumif;t&monf tkyfpkESpfck kpvkH;tm;&nfnGef;aMumif; xif&Sm;onf ,kHMunfolwdkYonf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif\ rsufvkH;rsm;xJ&Sd trIduftptersm;udk xkwfypf&ef ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf/ (róJ 7;1-15)

]]ocifbk&m;onf olYudk &yfwnfapEdkifojzifh? olonf &yfwnfvdrfhrnf/}} ¤if;rSm tHhMobG,f fuwfawmfwpf&yfjzpfonf/ (5;1-2/ ,k' 24-25/ ¤if;ü ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIvnf; yg0ifonf/ (1aum 15;1-2)?txl;taMumif;t&m 5;2ü Munfhyg/ þtcsufü rIuJG*&dvufa&;usrf;wpfck&Sdonf/ NKJVonf pmvkH;MuD;vufa&;usrf; D,F,G,048 ESifh 0150 wdkY enf;wl Vulgate udk vkdufum ]]bk&m;ocif}} (Theo) [lí okH;onf/ okdYaomf MSS P46 N, A, V,C, P wdkYü ]]ocifbk&m;}} Lord (Kurious) [lí okH;onf/ UBS4 onf "Lord" udk aocsm (A) tqifh owfrSwfonf/

pum;vkH; pum;pkavhvmjcif; NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ 14;5-9

5vlwpfa,mufonfaeYwpfaeYudk tjcm;aeYwpfaeYxufydkí*½kpdkufonf/ tjcm;wpfa,mufu rltwlwlyif oabmxm;onf/ vlwdkif; rdrdpdwfxJaumif;pGm oabmayguf&ygrnf/ 6aeYudk apmifhxdef;olonf ocifbk&m;udk axmufí apmifhxdef;onf/ pm;aom olonf ocifbk&m;udk axmufí xdkodkY jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm olonf bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifonf/ rpm;aom olonf ocifbk&m;tm; axmufí rpm;bJ aeum? bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifonf/ 7taMumif;rSm igwdkY wpfa,mufrQ ud,ftwGuf toufr&Sif? udk,fhtwGuf raoMuacs/ 8taMumif;rSm igwdkYonf touf&Sifygu ocifbk&m;twGuf touf&Sifonf/ odkYr[kwf? aoyguvnf; ocifbk&m;twGufaoonf/ okdYjzpfí igwdkYonf &Sifaeonfjzpfap? aoqkH;onfjzpfap? ocifbk&m;twGufjzpfonf/ 9taMumif;rlum; c&pfawmfonf aovGefaomolrsm;ESifh touf&Sifolrsm; ESpfrsKd;vkH;\ ocifjzpfap&ef taocHum? jyefvnftouf&Sifonf/

14;5 ]]vlwa,mufonf aeYwaeYudk tjcm;aeYwaeYxuf *½kpdkufonf}} vltcsKdUonf bmoma&;ü aeY&ufudk tvGeftpGJMuD;aeMuqJjzpfonf/ (aeY&uftcsKdUESifh ESpfywfvnfyJGawmfrsm; *v 4;10/ aum 2;16-17)/ aeY&uftm;vkH; bk&m;ocifnDwlnDrQydkifonf/ txl;aeY&ufr&Sdacs/ avmuDqdkif&maeY? avmukwÅ&mqdkif&maeY [lí r&Sdacs/ tm;vkH;oefY&Sif;aomaeY&ufrsm;jzpfonf/



]]vlwdkif;rdrdpdwfxJaumif;pGm oabmayguf&ygrnf}} PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm þu@ü jirfoufrI&&Sd&ef aomhcsufjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf jyKrljcif;rjyKrDudk,fwkdif oabmayguf&ef jzpfonf/ (i,f 23)? odkYaomf tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;tm;vkH; rdrdudkoabmayguf&ef rvdkacs/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf\ "r®oabmw&m;ykHpHcGufcJ aexdkifonfr[kwfacs/ uREkfyf\ "r®oabmw&m;onf bk&m;ocif\ "r®oabmw&m;jzpfap&efrvdktyfacs/

14;6 ]]ocifbk&m;udk axmufí}} þydkifqdkifrIjyyk'fudk ti,f 6 ü okH;cg? ti,f 8ü ESpfcg okH;onf/ jzLpifaom ,kHMunfolrsm;jyKonfhtouf&Sifjcif;ykHpH a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf ]]ocifbk&m;udk axmufí}} jyKjcif;jzpf&ayrnf/ ({zuf 6;7 ESifh aum 3;23 )/ rdrdpdwfMudKuf *dkPf;*e? rdom;pktpOftvm odkYr[kwfxifjrifcsufrQomvQif rjzpf&yg/

14;7 ]] taMumif;rSm igwdkYwpfa,mufrS udk,ftwGuf toufr&Sif}} c&pf,mefrsm;onf a&ywfvnf0dkif;aom uRef;wpfuRef;r[kwfacs/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf yxrqkH;ESi eHygwfwpftjzpf c&pfawmftwGuf touf&SifMuonf/ (i,f8) ,kHMunfolrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk tusKd;oufa&mufonf/ olwkdYrSm MuD;rm;aom 0dnmOfrdom;pkMuD;wpfck\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDjzpfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkifvGwfvyfcGifhudk cspfjcif;arwÅmjzifh uefYowfxm;&ygrnf/ (1aum 10;24? 27-33)/ tjcm;olrsm; rdrdwdkY udk,fydkifvGwfvyfrIxJMuD;xGm;&ef cGifhjyKxm;&ygrnf/ Oya'o0g'onf bk&m;ocifESifh rqdkifaom rdrdudk,frdrdajzmifhrwfaponfh wajy;nDjzpfa&;udk OD;wnfonf/ a,½I\ tjyif;xefqkH; pum;ESifh? jypfwifpum;rsm;rSm Oya'oudk tpJGjyKí olwdkYudk,f olwdkY ajzmifhrwf oltjypf,lqolzg&d&SJrsm;ay:jzpfonf/

14;8 ]]ygu ...ygu}} ¤if;wdkYrSm tem*wfüjyKEdkifacs&Sdonf[k t"dyÜg,f&aom wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csufyg0gusrsm;jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYonf t&mcyfodrf;tm;jzifh jzpfEdkifonfhtcgwdkif; ocifbk&m;udk tapcHMuonf/ ({zuf 6;7/ aum 3;23)

409

14;9

]]aovGefolESifh touf&Sifol? ESpfrsKd;vkH;twGuf}} ¤if;rSm þa0ga[m&rsm;udk rokH;pzl;pDpOfykHrsKd;jzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkpDpOfokH;EIef;ykHonf a,½I\ taocHjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxajrmufjcif;udk xif[yfapjcif; jzpfonf/ olonf ,cktcg xdkavmuESpfckpvkH;ü tcsKyftcsmtmPmydkifjzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;onf c&pf,mefrsm; tb,faMumifh olwdkYtwGuf r[kwfbJ? tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm; twGufvnf; touf&SifMu&rnftaMumif; "r®oabmw&m;jzpfay:aponf/ olwdkYonf rdrdudk,frdrdrydkifqdkif? olwdkYonf wefbkd;wpfckay;í 0,f,ljcif;cHcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ olwdkYonf tjypfudk uRefrcHawmhbJ? bk&m;ocifudk tapcHMuap&ef? olwdkYtjypfrsm;twGuf taocHol a,½I\ \ tapcHrsm;jzpfvmcJhMujyDjzpfonf/ (a&mr 6)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf twÅudk tajcjyKaom rdrdwdkY\ pdwftvdkrsm;udk aoqkH;apum? arwÅmjzifh tapcHaom a,½I\ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHtwdkifvkdufemtwk,lMu&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;14-15/ *v 2;20/ 1a,m 3;16)

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 14;10-12

10odkYaomfoifonf tb,faMumifh rdrdnDtpfudktm; w&m;pD&ifoenf;¿ odkYr[kwf oifonf rdrdnDtpfudktm; txifao;oenf;¿ taMumif;rIum; igwdkYtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;yv’ifawmfa&SUü &yf&MuOD;rnf/ 11taMumif;rIum or®musrf;pm;ü a&;onfrSm ]]igtouf&Sifonf jzpfü 'l;tm;vkH; ightm;'l;axmufMuum? vQmtm;vkH; bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;Muvdrfhrnf[k xm0&t&Sif bk&m;ocif rdefYawmfrl\/ 12odkYjzpfí igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifudk tpD&ifcHMu&vdrfhrnf/

14;10 ]]odkYaomf oifonf}} ¤if;rSm tav;teufjyKjcif;twGuf ed'gef;pum;jzpfonf/

ti,f 10&Sd ar;cGef;ESpfckwdkYonf ti,f 1-12udk pl;pdkuf jcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f3ü &nfnTGef;aom xkdtkyfpkESpfckwdkYudk aemufwpfcg EIdif;,SOfjyonf/ tkyfpkwpfckonf tjcm;tkyfpkwpfckudk ]]txifao;}} um ]]w&m;pD&if}} onf/ ]]uRef}} tcsif;csif;twGuf xdkpdwfaeoabmxm;ESpfrsKd;pvkH;roifhavQmfacsμ olwdkY\ ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfuomvQif ]]a0zef}} ydkifcGifh (0g)? ]]txifao;}} ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf w&m;olMuD;uJhodkY jyKrljcif;rSm (1) bk&m;ocif\ ae&mu wk,ljcif;jzpfonfjyif (2) tcsdeftcg rusao;aom t&mvnf;jzpfonf/

]]igwdkYtm;vkH;onf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;yv’ifawmfa&SUü &yf&MuOD;rnf}} tvm;wlor®mw&m;udk 2aum 5;10ü azmfjyonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdw tcsif;csif;rnfokdY jyKrIMuaMumif; ocifbk&m;tm; &Sif;vif;csufay;Mu&vdrfhrnf/ a,½Ionf bk&m;ocif\ w&m;olMuD;tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ (róJ 25;3146)/

t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf; NKJV onf ]]c&pfawmf\w&m;yv’if}} [k bmomjyefonf/ KJV udk axmufcHaom ueOD;a&S;a[mif;*&dpmvkH;BuD;vufa&;usrf;rsm;jyifqifaom usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/ Aleph2 ESifh C2 wdkYjzpfonf/ Theos bk&m;ocif) pum;vkH;onf MSS Aleph, B, C,D, F ESifh G wdkYü yg&Sdonf/ usrf;pma&;ul;olrsm;onf 2aum 5;10ESifh tnDjzpfap&ef *&drl&if;pmudk ajymif;vdkufMujcif;jzpf aumif;jzpfayrnf/ xdkYjyif ]]om;jzpfapjcif;}} adoptionism ac:0g'jzpfonfh ueOD;umvü&SdcJhaom c&pfawmftaMumiftjrifudk qefYusif&ef usrf;pma&;ul;olrsm;onf þti,ftm;jyifqifcJhMujcif; vnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ rl&if;usrf;tm;&Sd&if;pGJ ,kHMunfrIESifh tnDjzpfap&efvkyfjcif;ESifhwlaom rluJGvufa&;usrf; tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ (Oxford University ykHESdyfwdkufrS 1993 wGif xkwfa0aom Bart D. Ehrman \ The

Orthodox Corruption of Scripture) pmrsufESm 90-91ü Munfhyg/ UBS4 onf Theos udk "B" tqifh (aocsmoavmuf) owfrSwfonf/

14;11 ]]taMumif;rlum; or®musrf;pmü a&;onfrSm}} ¤if;rSm PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATILVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom "r®a[mif;usrf;udk udk;um;&mü okH;aom a[jAJ txl;tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a[&Sm 45;23udk &nfnTef;jcif;jzpfjyD; zd2;10-11üvnf; udk;um;onf/ 

]]igtouf&Sifonfjzpfí}} ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ y#dOmOfcHemrawmf YHWH udk rlwnfaom usdefqdkjcif; pum;vkH;wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]]jzpfjcif;^&Sdjcif;jy}} a[jAJMwd,m verb "to be" jzpfonf/ (xGuf 3;14)/ olonf tpOftouf&Sifol? wpfyg;wnf;omvQif touf&Sifaeolbk&m;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh olonf rdrdjzpfwnfaejcif;tm; taMumif;jyKusdefqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;emrawmfrsm; 9;29ü Munfhyg/

14;12 ]]odkYjzpfí igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtaMumif;tm; bk&m;ocifxHtpD&ifcH&Muvdrfhrnf/}} c&pf,mefwdkYonf w&m;pD&ifcHMurnfjzpfum (2aum 5;10) a0zefjypfwifolnDtpfudkrsm; ¤if;wdkYtxJ yg0if fMuayrnf/ tcsKda&S;a[mif;*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;onf ]]bk&m;ocifxH}} pum;pktm; csefvSpfxm;cJhMuonf/ usrf;pum; tquftpyfoabmonf xdkpum;pktwdkif;qdkvdkaMumif; ay:vGifonf/ xdkuJGvTJrIrSm ti,f 10&Sd uJGvTJrIykHpHrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ USS4 onf ¤if;udk yg0ifapum? (MSS Aleph, A,B,C,D) "C" tqifh (qkH;jzwf&efcufcJ) owfrSwfonf/

a&mr 14;13-23 tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif; u/ c&pf,mefrsm; rnfuJhodkY tcsif;csif;jyKrIqufqH&rnftaMumif;ti,f 1-12ü pwifonf/ ¤if;rSm c&pf,mefwpfOD;csif;ü &Sdaom ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;tm; tjynfht0 wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; vufcHMu&efjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olwdkY\ wpfyg;wnf;aom t&Sif ocifESifh w&m;olMuD;jzpfol c&pfawmfonf txufygtkyfpkESpfckpvkH;tm; tjynfht0vufcHxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ wpfa,muftwGuf 0dnmOfa&;ü tvGef t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom t&mwpfckonf tjcm;wpfa,muftwGuf t"dyÜg,f r&Sdjzpfavh&Sdwwfonf/ taMumif;rSm wpfOD;csif;\ twdwfb0? olwdkYcsif;\ vlyk*¾dKvfykHpH? olwdkY\ rdbrsm;? olwdkY\ MudKufESpfoufrIESifh olwdkY\ tawG;tMuHK....ponfwdkYrwlaomaMumifhwnf;/

c/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef0wÅ&m;taMumif; aqG;aEG;rI\ 'kwd,tydkif;jzpfaom þusrf;ydk'frsm;ü xdktaMumif;t&mudk uJGjym;jcm;em;aom ½IaxmifhwpfrsKd;jzifh aqG;aEG;wifjyonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü ajymonfrSm ,kHMunfolonf bk&m;ociftm; c&pfawmftxJrS cspfaMumif;jzpfum? ¤if;rSm rdrdc&pf,mefjzpfazmfjzpfbuf rsm;udk cspf&jcif;taMumif;&if;jzpfonf/ a,½Ionf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf rdrdtoufudk pGefYvGwfonfenf;wl? olwdkYonfvnf; tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;jzpfaom? olwdkYtwGuf a,½ItaocH&m olrsm;twGuf rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhudk pGefYvGwfMu&efjzpfonf/ (2aum 5;13-14/ 1a,m 3;16)/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhqufqH&mü cspfjcif;arwÅmay: tajcjyKaMumif; 13;8-10ü tav;teufajymonf enf;wl? þtaMumif;t&monfvnf; cspfjcif;arwÅmudk c&pf,meftoufwm jzpfay:apaom taMumif;&if;tjzpf tav;teufjyKonf/

*/ ½kyfavmu&Sdt&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;onf[laom or®mw&m;rSm tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm;twGuf vufcH&ef tvGef cufcJonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;yifvQif tjypfaMumifhjypfwifcH&jcif;ü rdrdudk,f rdrdjypfwif&rnfhtpm;?

t&m0wÅKrsm;udk tjypfwifwwfMuonf/ t&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;aMumif; aygvkrjywfrvyfazmfjyavh&Sdonf/ (14;14?20/ 1aum 6;12/ 10;25-26/ 1wd 4;4/ wduk 1;15)/ olYazmfjyrIonf tpmtaMumif; a,½I\ oGefoifrIESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfonf/ (rmuk 7;18-23)/ aumedavtm; bk&m;ocifvufcHaMumif; oefY&Sif;aomtpm? roefY&Sif;aom tpm udpöjzi ayw½kudk &Sif;jyonf/ (wrefawmf 10;15)/

C/ þu@rSm rlvtm;jzifh ]]tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} tm;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf ]]t&mtm;vkH;oefY&Sif;onf}} [laom wpf0uf or®mw&m;udk avQmhajymaomfvnf;? t&mtm;vkH;onfwnfaqmuf p&rjzpf (0g) bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktm; tusKd;ay;onfr[kwf[laom tqdkudk aygif;xnfhonf/ (1aum 6;12/20;23) tm;&SdolnDtpfudk\ vGwfvyfrIonf tjcm; c&pf,mefrsm;udk tMuD;tus,fysufpD;oGm;apEdkifonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmfrS wqifhESifh c&pfawmftwGuf rdrdwdkY nDtpfudkrsm;udk xdef;ausmif;& olrsm;jzpfonf/

i/ tm;enf;olnDtpfudkonf 0dnmOfa&;ü MuD;xGm;vmum ]]tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} jzpfvmvdrfhrnf [lí aygvkrzmfjyjcif; (0g) xdkoabmrygaMumif;rSm vGefpGm pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;onf/ þaqG;aEG;csuf wpfckvkH;onf aus;Zl;awmfü MuD;xGm;jcif;taMumif;ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? c&pf,mefrsm;\ em;vnfoabm aygufykHcsif; uJGjym;rIxuf cspfjcif;arwÅmon ydkí tvsifusaMumif; aqG;aEG;rIjzpfonf/

p/ xkdtkyfpkESpfckteufwpfckckü ,kHMunfolrsm; yg0ifjcif;rSm ]]trSm;}} odkYr[kwf ]]trSef}} xuf vlwpfOD;csif;\ vlyk*¾dKvftrsKd;tpm;? bmoma&; oifwef;atmifjrifrIESifh wpfOD;csif;\ tawGYtMuHKudk ydkí tajcjyKonf/ ,kHMunfol\ wm0efrSm tjcm;olrsm;udk ajymif;vJap&efr[kwfbJ? tjcm;tkyfpktm; cspf&efESifh av;pm;&ef jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm pdwfydkif;qdkif&mudpör[kwfbJ ESvkH;om;qdkif&mjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;vkH;? tkyfpkESpfckpvkH; cspfonf/ vufcHonf/ rdrdom;awmfudk ay;ygonf/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 14;13-23 13xdkYaMumifh tcsif;csif; w&m;pD&ifjcif;rjyKbJ? nDtpfudk\ vrf;ü twm;tqD;? odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkufrdp&m rxm;&ef pdwfqkH;jzwfMuukefthH/ 14rnfonfht&mrQ rdrdyuwdtm;jzi roefY&Sif;[lí r&SdaMumifh ocifa,½ItxJ igodí oabmayguf\/ odkYaomf wpkHw&mtm; roefY&Sif;[k xifaom oltwGuf xdkt&monf olYtwGuf roefY&Sif;acs/ 15taMumif;rIum; oif\ tpmaMumifh oif\ pdwfemygu? oifonf cspfjcif; arwÅmESifhtnD usifhjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/ olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHcJholtm; oifhtpmjzifh rzsufqD;ygESifh/16xdkYaMumifh oifhtwGuf aumif;aomt&m wpfckonf uJh&JUjypfwifp&mrjzpfygapESifh/ 17taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf tpm;taomufr[kwfbJ? ajzmifhrwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpf\/ 18taMumif;rlum; ¤if;wdkYtm;jzifh c&pfawmfudk tapcHoludk bk&m;ocifvufcHawmfrlí vlrsm;vnf; ESpfoufMu\/ 19odkYjzpfí jidrfoufjcif;ESi tcsif;csif; aqmufwnf fp&mjzpfapaomt&mrsm;u rSDatmifvdkufpdkY/ 20bk&m;ocifvkyfaomt&mudk tpaMumifh rzsufqD;ygESifh/ 21t&mtm;vkH;trSefyif oefY&Sif;onf rSefaomfvnf; pm;íolwyg;jypfrSm;apaom olonf tjypf&Sd\/ oif\ nDtpfudktm; cvkwfwdkufvJapaom tom;pm;jcif;? pyspf&nfaomufjcif;rSpí rnfonfht&mrQrjyK&ef aumif;onf/ 22rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü rdrdem;vnf;oabmaygufonfh twdkif;&Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaom t&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&Sd\/ 23odkYaomf oHo,0ifaom olonf pm;ygu ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifhr[kwfojzifh olYudk,foljypf'PfpD&if\/ ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh jyKjcif;r[kwfaomt&m rSeforQtjypfjzpf\/

14;13

]]tcsif;csif;w&m;pD&ifjcif;rjyKbJ}}

¤if;rSm qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrIwpfcktm; &yfwHhjcif;udk qdkvdkaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm MudKwif owday;jcif;r[kwfbJ? wm;jrpfcsufjzpfonf/ ti,f 16ESifh tvGefqifwlonf/ ]]w&m;pD&if}} [laom pum;vkH;udk tcef;i,f 1-12twGif; aygvk 5MudrfokH;cJhjyDjzpf&m? ,ckti,f 13;23 twGif; aemufxyf av;MudrfokH;onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / c&pf,mefrsm;tcsif;csif;w&m;pD&ifMuOD;rnfavm¿ þtaMumif;enf;vrf;ESpfrsKd;jzifh aqG;aEG;&ayrnf/

1/ ,kHMunfolrsm;tcsif;csif;rpD&ifMu&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf (róJ 7;1-5/ vkum 6;37? 42/ a&mr 2;1-11/ ,mukyf 4;11-12)/

2/ ,kHMunfolwdkYtm; acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wefbkd;jzwf&ef tMuHay;qkH;ronf/ (róJ 7;6? 15-16/ 1aum 14;29/ 1ouf 5;21/ 1wd 3;1-13ESifh 1a,m 4;1-6)/ aumif;rGefpGmwefbdk;jzwfEdkif&ef owfrSwfcsufpHEIef;tcsKdU&Sdonf/

1/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf twnfjyK&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzpf&ygrnf/ (1a,m 4;1 ]]prf;oyf}} ¤if;rSm twnfjyKcsuftwGuf jzpfonf/)

2/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;udk ESdrfhcsrIESifh El;nhHodrfarGUaom pdwfjzifh jyK&rnf (*v 6;1)

3/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf vlyk*¾dKvftm; rsufESmvdkufí rjyK&/ (a&mr 14;1-23/ 1aum 8;1-13/ 10;2333)/

4/ wefbkd;jzwfjcif;onf toif;awmf (0g) todkif;t0dkif;twGif; ]]jypfwifa0zefjcif;rcH&ol}} acgif;aqmifrnfolawGjzpfaMumif; owfrSwfazmfjyvdrfhrnf/ (1wdarmao 3)/

]]nDtpfudk\ vrf;ü twm;tqD;odkYr[kwf cvkwfwdkufrdp&m rxm;&ef}} ¤if;rSm qufcJhjyDjzpfaom tjyKtrlwpfcktm; &yfwHhapjcif;udk qdkvdk&mjzpfonfh NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE jzpfonf/ tvm;wlor®mw&m;tm; ti,f 21 ESifh 1aum 8;9üvnf; azmfjyonf/ ]]twm;tqD;}} [kqdk&mwGif vlwpfa,mufcvkwfwdkufvJap&ef vrf;ay:&SdwpkHw&mudk &nfnTef;onf/ ]]cvkwfwdkufvJusapaom twm;tqD;}} qdkonfrSm wd&pämefudk tpmjzifh axmifzrf;aom ud&d,m\ cvkwfarmif;jzpfonf/ þae&müc&pf,mefrsm;udk wpfckwpfaygif;wnf;tjzpf½Ijrifonf/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfazmf ,kHMunfzufrsm;tm; apmifhxdef;&olrsm;? tm;ay;&olrsm;ESifh? rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm; [lonf rdom;pkjzpfonf/μ

14;14

NASB ]]ocifa,½ItxJ igodí oabmayguf\/}}

NKJV ]]ocifa,½Itm;jzifh igodí oabmayguf\/}}

NRSV ]]ocifa,½ItxJ igodí aocsm\/}}

TEV ]]ocifa,½IESifhtwl igaygif;pnf;jcif;onf ighudk aocsmodaponf/

NJB ]],ck igwu,fyif jynfhpkHpGm owdjyKrdum? ocifa,½ItwGuf igajym\/}}

¤if;rSm oida \ PERFECT ACTIVE ykHpHjzpfum? PRESENT TENSE oabmjzihf PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE ESifhtwlwJGí okH;onf/ t"dyÜg,fvkH;aphywfaphrSm ]]igonf od&SdcJhum? qufí odaevsuf? qufvufí oabmaygufonf}} [lí jzpf\/ ¤if;rSm ti, 5 ESifh 22-23&Sd or®mw&m;udk jyefvnfazmfjyjcif;

jzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0dnmOfa&;udpö&yfrsm;em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;rSm oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfrS wqifha,½IESifh olwdkY\ qufqHa&;tm;jzifh jzpfonf/ olwdkY&aom tvif;xJtouf&Sif&ef jzpfonf/



]]rnfonfht&mrQ yuwdtm;jzif roefY&Sif;[lí r&Sd}} þoabmudk wref 10;9-16ü &Sif;jyonf/ qkd;onfrSm t&m0w¬Krsm;r[kwfbJ? vlrsm;jzpfonf/ zefqif;onfht&mrsm; olY[mESifholYqdk;onf [lí r&Sdacs/ (i,f 20/ rmuk 7;18-23/ 1aum 10;25-26/ 1wd 4;4 ESifh wdwk 1;15)μ



]]odkYaomf wpHkw&mtm; roefY&Sif;[k xifaom oltwGuf xdkt&monf olYtwGuf roefY&Sif;acs/}} ¤if;onf bmoma&;tm;jzifh roefY&Sif;rIudk qdkvdkonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\ aumif;qdk;cJGjcm;odjrifwwfaom pdwf (twGif;pdwf^ MowÅyÜpdwf) tm;jzifh wefbdk;jzwfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ (i,f 5? 22-23) taMumif;t&mwpfckck (0g) rdrdtjyKtrlwpfckckaMumifh txifvTJcH&vQifyif? bk&m;ocif\ a&SUawmfarSmufü rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;xJoGm;&ef jzpfonf/ xdkenf;wl tjcm;,kHMunfolrsm;udkvnf;? rdrd&aomtvif;tm;jzifh pD&ifjcif;udk txl;ojzifh roJuJGaom u@rsm;ü rjyK&acs/ (14;1?3?4?10?13)/

14;15 ]]taMumif;rlum;? oif\ p&maMumifh oif\ nDtpfudk pdwfemygu}} yxrwef;pmcRif;csufyg 0gusrsKd;jzpfum? pma&;ol\ tjrifü rSefonf[k ,lqaom (0g) ol\ pma&;[efjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkY\ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHudk qkH;jzwfay;onfrSm tcGifhta&;rsm;r[kwfcspfjcif;arwÅmjzpfonf/ vGwfvyfjcif;r[kwfbJ? wm0ef0wÅ&m;jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf (1) *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ tpmqdkif&mynwfcsufrsm; (0wfjyK 11) odkYr[kwf (2) ½kyfwkrsm;udk ylaZmfaom tom;rsm; (1aum 8-10) wpfckckESifh qdkifonf/ þor®mw&m;udk ti,f 20 onf &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyonf/

]]oifonf cspfjcif;arwÅmESifhtnD usifhjcif;r[kwfawmhacs/}} ¤if;udk ]]vGwfvyfjcif;\ w&m;Oya'}} (,mukyf 1;25/ 3;12) odkYr[kwf a&Tynwfawmf}} (,mukyf 2;5) odkYr[kwf ]]c&pfawmf\ ynwfawm}} (*v 6;2) [k ac:onf/ ¤if;wdkYonfyif y#dnOfw&m;opf\ wm0efrsm;ESifh vrf;nTefrsm;jzpfonfμ

NASB, NRJV ]]olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHcJholtm; oifhtpmjzifh rzsufpD;ESifh}}

NRSV ]]oifpm;onfh t&monf olYtwGuf c&pfawmftaocHol\ zsufpD;&mzsufpD;aMumif; rjzpfapESifh}} TEV ]]oifpm;onfhtpmtm; olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom oltm; rzsufpD;apESifh}}

NJB ]]olYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom olwpfa,mufa,muftm; ysufpD;apEdkifrnfqdkygu? oifonf rdrdpm;csif&mudk pm;ydkifcGifhvkH;0r&Sd}}

¤if;rSm qufuyfcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck&yfwHhvdkufonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NAGATIVE PARTICLE ygonfh PRESENT IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tvGefjyif;xefaom pum;pkjzpfonf/ tcsKdUc&pf,mefrsm;\ vGwfvyfrIonftjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;rjzpf&acs/ þodkY qdk&mü u,fwifjcif; qkH;½ªH;jcif;r[kwfbJ jidrfoufjcif;? pdwfcsrIESifh trIawmfü xda&mufrIwdkYudk &nfnTef;onf/ F.F. Bruce a&;om;aom Answer to Questions pmrsufESm 88-89ü Munfhyg/ ]]zsufqD;}} onf [laom *&dpum lupeŌ rSm ]]pdwfem? 0rf;enf; (0g) a0'emjzpfaponf}} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (LXX ü xdkYtwljzpfonf) aygvkonf xdkpum;vkH;udk trsm;tm;jzifh 2aum&dEÅK (2;2? 4?5/ 6;10/ 7;8?9?11) ü okH;onf/ zsufqD;onfqdkaompum;vkH;rSmvnf; jyif;xefaom bmomjyefrI wpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf u,fwifjcif; qkH;½ªH;onf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ aumif;qdk;cJGjcm;od&SdrI (vdyfjympdwf) udk

usL;vGefjcif;tay:oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ oabmaygufaprI zsufqD;cH&jcif;? qkH;½ªH;vufvGwfoGm;jcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ ,kHMunfol\ tjyKtrlonf ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh r[kwfygu? ¤if;rSm tjypfjzpfonf/ (i,f 23)

14;16

NASB ]]oifhtwGuf aumif;aomt&mwpfcktm; jypfwifcHp&mrjzpfygapESifh/}} NKJV NRSV ]]oif\ aumif;rIonf jypfwifcHp&mrjzpfygapESifh/ TEV ]]aumif;onf[k oifrSwf,laomt&monf emrnf ysufp&mrjzpfygapESifh/}} NJB ]]rdrd&&Sdaom tcGifhxl;udk ravQmhcsygESifh/}} ¤if;rSm qufuyfcJhjyD; jzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfck&yfwHhvdkufonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygonfh PRESENT PASSIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfonf/ vGwfvyfrI[lonf vG,fvifhwulyi?fvkyfyfkifcGifhjzpfoGm;Edkifonfμ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]aumif;aomt&m}} qdk&mü tm;aumif;aom ,kHMunfol\ tjyKtrludk ac:onf/ tm;aumif;ol c&pf,mefonf rdrd\ vGwfvyfrltm;? tm;enf;olrsm;udk tysufoabmxdcdkufapum? 0dnmOfa&;&m ysufpD;rIjzpfapaom enf;vrf;rsKd;jzifh tokH;jyKygu ]]aumif;aomt&m}} onf raumif;rItwGuf tcGifhaumif;wpf&yfjzpfvmonfμ þusrf;csufonf c&pf,mef tcsif;csif; rnfuJhodkY jyKrIqufqH&rnftaMumif;tm½kHjyK&mrS r,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf pdk;&drfjcif;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;onfESifhwl\/ (ti,f 18)/ Mud,mrSm ]]bk&m;udk vGefusL;ajymqdkjcif;}} "blasphemy" rS ,lxm;jcif;jzpfum; r,kHMunfolrsm;ü okH;avh&Sdaom pum;vkH;jzpfonf/

14;17 ]]bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf}} ¤if;rSm a&mrMo0g'wpfusrf;vkH;ü wpfckwnf; &Sdaom pum;pkjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a,½IrMumcPokH;aomtaMumif;t&m jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,ck umvwGif þt&yfü&Sdonf enf;wl tem*wfumvü jynfhpkHvmOD;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/ (róJ 6;10) c&pfawmf\f ukd,fcE¨mtxJ wpfpkwaygif;wnf;aomtoufonf vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrItm; usifhokH;rIxuf ydkrdkwefbkd;MuD;ygonf/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&mudk Munfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf

"r®a[mif;usrf;wGif YHWH udk tpöa&;\ &Sifbk&iftjzpfESifh (1"r® 8;7/ qmvH 10;16/ 24;7-9/ 29;10/ 44;4/ 89;18/ 95;3/ a[&Sm 43;15/ 44;4? 6 vnf;aumif; pHjy&Sifbk&if ar&Sd,tjzpfvnf;aumif; cH,lxm;onf/ (qmvH 2;6/ a[&Sm 9;6-7/ 11;1-5)/ AufvifjrdKUü a,½IzGm;jrifawmfrljcif;ESifhtwl (6-4bD?pD) bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfonf vlYordkif;xJ topfaom cGeftm;ESifh a&G;EIwfjcif;jzifh t&Sdeft[kefESifh xdk;azguf0ifa&mufvmonf/ (a,& 31;31-34/ a,Z 36;27-36) ESpfjcif;q&ma,m[efonf EdkifiHawmf fwnfaxmifcgeD;aMumif; a<u;aMumfcJhonf/ (róJ 3;2/ rmuk 1;15)/ rdrdtxJüvnf;aumif;? rdrdoGefoifrIrsm;üvnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmf&SdaeaMumifh a,½I&Sif;vif;pGm oGefoifonf/ (róJ 4;17? 23/ 9;35/ 10;9?11;11-12/ 12;28/16;19/ rmuk 12;34/ vkum 10;9? 11/11;20/12;31-32/ 16;16/ 17;21)/ odkYaomf EdkifiHawmfonf tem*wfüvnf; &Sdaeao;onf/ (róJ 16;28/ 24;14/ 26;29/ rmuk 9;1/ vkum 21;31/ 22;16? 18) qifwl c&pf0ifusrf; (synoptic gospel) rsm;jzpfaom rmukESifh vkum c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ü ]]bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmf}} [laom pum;pkawGU&onf/ a,½I\ oGefoifaeus þtaMumif;t&mü ,ckvuf&Sdü vlom;\ ESvkH;om;xJ bk&m;ocif\ pkd;pHrItaMumif; yg0ifjyD;? ¤if;onf wpfaeYaomtcg usvQif wpfurÇmvkH; vTrf;jcHKoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm róJ 6;10 u a,½I qkawmif;jcif;ü ay:vGifonf/ róJurl

415

*sL;rsm;twGuf a&;om;jcif;jzpfí

bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfud rokH;jcif;tm; ydkrdkESpfoufonf/ (aumif;uif EdkifiHawmf) rmukESifh vkumwdkYonf wyg; trsKdk;om;rsm;twGuf a&;om;Mujcif;jzpfí bk&m;emrawmfudk okH;um? okH;aeustwdkif; azmfjyonf/ odkYjzifh þpum;pkrSm qifwl c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;\ t"du aomhcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ a,½I\ yxrqkH;ESifh aemufqkH;w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;ESifh ol\ Oyrm pum;trsm;pkwdkYü þtaMumif;t&mudkyif ajymygonf/ ¤if;onf vlom;\ pdwfESvkH;xJ bk&m;ocif\ ,ckpkd;pHjcif;udk &nfnGef;onf/ a,m[efonf þpum;pkudk ESpfMudrfomvQif okH;jcif;rSm tHhMop&mjzpfonf/ (a,½Iajymaom Oyrmrsm;ü rokH;cJhacs)? a,m[ef\ c&pf0ifusrf; ]]xm0&touf}} rSm t"du aomhcsuf wifpm;rIjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf <uvmjcif; ESpfMudrfjzpfaejcif;aMumifh þpum;pkESifhqdkifí wif;rmrIjzpfay:aponf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf bk&m;ocif\ ar&Sd, Muvmjcif; wpfckudk omvQif pl;pdkufum? ppfa&;? w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifh <uvmjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;? "r®opfusrf;url? yxrtMudrfü a[&Sm,53 &Sd 'ku©qif;&JcHaom tapcHtjzpfESifhvnf;aumif;? Zmc&d 9;9 &Sd ESdrfhcsaom &Sifbk&iftjzpfESifhvnf;aumif; <uvmaMumif; azmfjyonf/ *sL;vlrsKd;wdkY\ uyfumvESpfckjzpfaom qdk;oGrf;jcif; uyfumvESifh ajzmifhrwfjcif;uyfumvwdkYrSm xyfvsuf&Sdonf/ a,½Ionf ,ckvuf&Sdü ,kHMunfolrsm;\ pdwfESvkH;xJpkd;pHaeaomfvnf;? wpfaeYaomtcg usvQif zefqif;aomt&m wpfckvkH;tm; tkyfpkd;ayrnf/ olonf "r®a[mif;usrf;\ Asm'dwfawmftwdkif; <uvmvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm ]]&SdcJhjyDjzpfaom}} ESifh ]]rjzpf&ao;aom}} bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmftwGif; &SdaeMuonf/ (Gordon D. Fee ESifh Douglas Stuart wdkY\ How to Read The Bible For All Its Worth, pp. 131134)

]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfü 0rf;ajrmufjcif;}} þt&nftcsif;rsm;udk ,kHMunfolwpfOD;csif;ESifh ,kHMunfoltodkif;t0kdif;ü ay;olrSm 0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm bk&m;ocif\ rdom;pktwGuf twGif;tjyifMuifvifvu©Pmrsm;jzpfonf/ ]]ajzmifhrwfjcif;}} [laom a0g[m&udk þae&mü txl;t"dyÜg,fjzifh aygvkokH;onf/ txl;taMumif; t&m 1;17ü Munfhyg/ aygvkonf xkdpum;vkH;udk ,kHMunfoltwGuf bk&m;ocifoGif;ay;aom ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk azmfjy&mü okH;avh&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfol&&Sdaom tjypfvGwfjcif;ESifh c&pfawmftxJ &yfwnfrI (3;21-31/ 4) udk bk&m;ocifonf w&m;Oya'ESifhtnD (w&m;½kH;awmfESifhqkdifí) aMumfjimjcif;jzpfonf/ tjypfjynhfol vlom;udk ajzmifhrwf oltjzpf rSwf,lvkduf½kHomru? olwdkYrSm vufawGUajzmifhrwfolrsm;jzpfvmMu&efvnf; jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm vufaqmifwpfckjzpfum? yef;wdkifwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ tjzpfrSef (INDICTIVE) ESifh apcdkif;jcif; (IMPERATIVE)? ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh touf&SifrIjzpfonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m 6;4 ü Munfhyg/

14;18 ydkü tm;enf;ol ,kHMunfolrsm;u axmufí? ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYt vGwfvyfcGifhudk rdrd[m rdrduefYowfvdkufjcif;rSm c&pfawmfukd,fwdkiftm; tapcHjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmf taocHaom vlwdkYtm; cspfjcif;? *½kpdkufjcif;? tumtuG,fay;jcif;xuf a,½Iudk rdrdcspfaMumif;ydkí cdkifrmpGm twnfjyKaomt&m r&SdawmfhjyD/

]]vlrsm;vnf; ESpfoufMu\/}} c&pf,mefrsm; tcsif;csif; cspfMujcif;onf r,kHMunfolrsm;twGif; trIawmfvkyfief;ESifh oufaocH&ef vrf;zGifhay;Edkifaom enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ (ti,f 16/ 2aum 8;21/ 1ay 2;12)/ ,kHMunfjcif; todkif;t0dkif;twGuf rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;rnfodkYjyKrlMuaMumif;onf tjyKoabm? tysufoabmESpfrsKd;ü wefcdk;&Sdaom oufaocHjcif;jzpfygonf/

14;19 ]]rSDatmifvdkufMupdkY}} þ"r®a[mif; pumvkH;wJG (tD'D,H) dioko udk *&d"r®a[mif; Septuagint enf;wl aygvk a&;aompmrsm;ü awGU&avh&Sdum ]]pdwfapmpGmvdkufonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]&&Sd&ef pdwftm;xufoefpGm

tm;xkwfon}}f [k qdkvdkonf/ aygvkonf þpum;vkH;udk a&mr 9;30? 31/ 12;13 wdkYESifh þae&mü ]]vdkufonf}} [laom t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;aomfvnf; 12;14ü rI,kHMunfolrsm;udk nTef;qJolrsm;tm; ajym&mü okH;onf/ (1aum 4;12/ rdrdudk,fwdkifudk &nfnTef;í 15;9/ 2aum 4;9/ *v 1;13? 23/ zd 3;6) ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE (MSS Aleph, A, B, F, G, L & P) odkYr[kwf PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE (MSS C,D) udk IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;jcif;wpfckckjzpfonf/ UBS4 onf SUBJUNCTIVE udk okH;aomfvnf; "D" tqifh (tvGefc,Of;)owfrSwfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm; vdkuf&rnfh t&mrsm;rSm

1/ {nfh0wfausyGefjcif;? 12;13

2/ jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif;aqmufwnfp&mjzpfaomt&mrsm;? 14;19

3/ cspfjcif;arwÅm? 1aum 14;1

4/ c&pfawmfESifhwljcif;? zd 3;12?14

5/ tcsif;csif;ESifh vltm;vkH;twGuf aumif;aomt&m? 1ouf 5;15

6/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;? bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf&Sifjcif; ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;arwÅmpGJjrJjcif;ESifh El;nHh odrfarGYjcif; 1wd 6;11

7/ pifMu,faom ESvkH;om;jzifh ocifbk&m;udk ac:aomolrsm;ESifhtwl ajzmifhrwfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;arwÅmESifh jidrf;oufjcif; 2wd 2;22



]]jidrfoufjcif;ESifh tcsif;csif; aqmufwnfp&mjzpfapaom}} ¤if;onf t&m&mwdkif;ü ,kHMunfol\ yef;wdkifjzpf&ygrnf/ (qmvH 34;14/ a[jAJ 12;14)/ vlwpfa,muf\ vGwfvyfrIESifh "r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m em;vnf;od&SdrIonf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mMuD;xGm;jcif;ESifh cdkifcefYjcif;twGuf jzpf&ygrnf/ (15;2/ 1aum 6;12/ 14;26/ {zuf 4;12)/ txl;taMumif;t&m / / aqmufwnfjcif; 15;2 ü Munfhyg/

14;20 ]]bk&m;ocif\ tvkyfudk ... rzsufqD;ygESifh}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD; qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrI wpfckudk &yfwHhaponf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm tm;aumif;aom aygif;pyfMwd,m (kata taygif; luo) jzpfonf/ aygvk a&;aom pmrsm;ü okH;MudrfomvQif okH;onf/ (2aum 5;1ü aojcif;twGuf okH;um? *v 2;18ü þusrf;ydk'f\ t"dyÜg,fjzifhyif okH;jyD; ]]zsufqD;onf}} [lí jzpf\/) ti,f 19&Sd ]]aqmufwnf}} ESifh ]]jzdKzsuf}} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom þpum;vkH;wdkYu tenf;i,f upm;xm;onf/ ESpfckpvkH; aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;jzifh wifpm;rIrsm;jzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü ]]bk&m;ocif\tvkyf}} qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;¿ ¤if;onf &ifhusufjcif;udk &nfnTefjcif;rjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; ]]tm;enf;ol}} ,kHMunfolrsm; toufwmü 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIudk &nfnTef;onf/ þusrf;ydk'fjzpfap 1aum&dEÅK 8-10ü jzpfap aygvkajyonfrSm tkyfpkwpfckonf tjcm;tkyfpk kwpfcktm; ykHo@mef ajymif;vJvm&ef ulnD&rnftaMumif;yif jzpfonfμ

]]t&mtm;vkH;trSefyif oefY&Sif;onf}} ti,f 14\ rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

NASB ]]pm;í olwyg;tm; jypfrSm;apaom olonf tjypf&Sd\/}}

NKJV ]]jypfrSm;jcif;ESifh pm;aom olonf tjypf&Sd\/

NRSV ]]oifpm;aom t&maMumifh tjcm;olrsm;vJapygu wpfckcktm; pm;jcif;onfrSm;\/

TEV ]]tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,muftjypfxJusap&ef wpfckcktm;pm;jcif;onfrSm;,Gif;\/}}

NJB ]]pm;jcif;tm;jzifh

tjcm;olwpfa,mufa,mufvJusapygu tjypfjzpfonf/ þtcef;i,fonf þtcef;MuD;\ t"du or®mw&m;jzpfonf/ (1aum 10;25-26/ wduk 1;15) ¤if;onf ½kyfwkylaZmf&mtom;udk &nfnTef;onf/ (1aum&dEÅK 8-10)/ þtom;onf aumif;onf qdk;onfr[kwfbJ? xdktom;rsKd;rpm;oifh[k xifol? tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfolwpfa,mufonf xdktom;rsKd;tm; c&pf,mefwpfa,mufpm;onfudkjrifum? pm;vnf;pm;vkdufygu? udk,fusifhw&m;ü taumif;? tqdk; [lí r[kwfbJ? Mum;aejzpfaom xdktom;rSm raumif;aomtom;jzpfoGm;onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmfudk ydkif;jcm;od&SdrItm; azgufzsufapaomt&mjzpfvmaom aMumifhwnf;/ (i,f23) t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsm;pkwdkYonf þpum;pkudk ]]tm;aumif;aom nDtpfudk}} ESifh qufpyfMuonf/ taMumif;rSm olpm;vdkufaomt&monf tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfoludk vGrf;rkd;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ umodkvpf bmomjyefusrf;jzpfonfh New American Bible üf pm;aomt&monf ol\ taumif;tqdk;cJGjcm;wwfaom pdwfudk jypfrSm;apaomtcg pm;aomoltwGuf rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfonf[k bmomjyefum? ]]tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfol}} ESifh qufpyfonf/ taMumif;t&moabmt& yxr bmomjyefrIrSm taumif;qkH;jzpfae[ef&Sdaomfvnf;? qdkvdk&if;roJruJGjzpfaejcif;rSm ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf &nf&G,fí wrifoufouf xdktwdkifxm;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ i,f 22;23

14;21 ¤if;rSm ]]tm;aumif;aom nDtpfudkrsm;}} udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm tcsKdUaom tpm;taomufrsm; ]]vkH;0a&Smifjcif;}} "r®oabmw&m;twGuf wpfckwnf;aom or®musrf;pmxJutajccHjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef rsm;onf rdrdwdkY c&pf,mef nDtpfudk rsm;ESifh pdwf&if;jzi pl;prf;avhvmolrsm; (r,kHMunfolrsm;) udk axmufxm; aomtm;jzifh rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhtm; vdktyfov uefYowfxm;&ygrnf/ rdrdudk,f rdrduefYowf fjcif;qdkif&mrsm;pGmwdkYonf "avhxkH;pHqdkif&m? ae&ma'o (0g) *kdPf;*eqdkif&mwdkYü awGU&onf/ ¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVES ESpfckjzpfjyD; ]]tjyKtrlwpfcktm; rnfonfh tcgürQ rpwif}} [k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ þ AORIST onf tcsKdUaomtcg or,rsKd; (1aum&dEÅK 8;10) twGufomjzpfonf[k teufzGifhMuonf/ tpm;tomuf[lonf wm;qD;ydwfyifí&aomt&m r[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ 14;22

NASB ]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfonfht&mudk bk&m;ocif a&SUawmfü rdrdem;vnfoabmaygufonfhtwdkif &Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaomt&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&dS\/}} NKJV ]]rSefonf[k ,kHMunfygovm;¿ ¤if;udk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü oifhtwGuf jzpfapavmh/ rdrdvufcHaom t&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfrwifaom olonf r*Fvm&Sd\/}}

NRSV ]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk rdrdem;vnf oabmaygufonftwdkif; bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü &Sdapavmh/ rdrdvufcHxm;aomt&maMumifh rdrdudk,frdrdtjypfwifp&mr&Sdolrsm;rSm r*Fvm&Sd olrsm; jzpfMu\/}}

TEV ]]þudpöütrSef[k rdrd,kHMunfonfht&mudk rdrdESifh bk&m;ociftMum; odrf;xm;avmh/ wpkHw&mtm; rSefonf[k pD&ifqkH;jzwfonfhtcg rSm;onf[k rcHpm;olrsm;onf r*Fvm&Sdolrsm;jzpfMu\/ NJB ]]rSefonf[k rdrd,kHMunfaomt&mudk rdrdESifh bk&m;ociftMum;&Sdapavmh/ rdrdudk,frdrdtjypf rwifbJ? qkH;jzwfcsufcsEdkifoludk uHaumif;onf[k rSwf,lavmh/}} ,kHMunfolonf rdrdtm; 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfhtwdkif; or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh &&Sdonfh MowÅyÜpdwf\ tvif;twdkif;touf&Sif&rnf [laomtcsufudk þpum;pkonf twnfjyKay;ygonf/ (i,f 5)/ olwdkYonf rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;twdkif; avQmuf&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? rdrd\ ,kHMunfazmf ,kHMunfzufrsm;\ ,kHMunfrIudk

zsufpD;&efr[kwfacs/ ti,f 22 onf ]] tm;&SdolnDtpfudk}} tm;&nfnTef;jyD;? tcef;i,f 23 u rI ]]tm;enf;aomnDtpfudk}} tm; ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 22\ tpü rIuJG vufa&;usrf;&Sdonf/ NKJV rSm uJhodkY ar;cGef;odkYr[kwf azmfjycsuf (NASB, NRSV, TEV ESifh NJB) vnf;jzpfEdkifygonf/

txl;taMumif;t&m 2;18ü Munfhyg/

]]oHo,0ifaom olonf}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE PARTICIPLE jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf pdwftaESmifht&SufjzpfrIvGefuJaom c&pf,mefrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ i,f 3/

¤if;rSm kata + krino rS qif;oufaom PERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm

]]qefYusifbufoabmudk jyvsuf? tjypf&Sdoljzpfaponf}} (Harold K. Moulton, The Analytical Greek Lexicon Revised. p. 216)/

jypf'PfrpD&ifaomfvnf; pD&ifcsufcsjyD;aemuf qkH;rjcif;vdkufvmonf/ (a&mr 5;16? 18/ 8;1/ Moulton and Miligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testment, p. 328) þae&mü qdkvdkonfrSm rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwftm; usL;vGefjcif;ESifh xdktjypfudk oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf azmfjyem;vnfaponfhtcg jzpfay:vmaom a0'emjzpfonf/

]]pm;ygu}} ¤if;rSm wwd,wef;pm; cRif;csuf0gusrsKd;jzpfonf/

]],HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifhr[kwfaomt&m rSeforQtjypfjzpf\/}} or®musrf;pmü t"dyÜg,foJuJGpGm razmfjyaom u@rsm;ü tjypf[lonf ynwfw&m;usL;vGefjcif;r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ MowÅyÜpdwf (vdyfjym pdwf) tm; usL;vGefjcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf rdrd&&Sdaom tvif;w&m;udk vdkuf&rnfjzpfjyD;? or®musrfpmESifh 0dnmOfawmfrS tvif;ydkrdk&&Sd&ef tjrJwrf;vrf;zGifhxm;&onf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ tvdkawmftm; em;vnf oabmaygufjcif;udk vkdufí jyKrIMuonf/ or®musrf;pmü t"dyÜg,f oJuJGpGm razmfjyaom taMumif;t&mrsm; tay:rwlnDaom tjri;fESpfrsKd;pvkH;udk pJGudkifum? ESpfckpvkH;tvdkawmftwdkif; jzpfjcif;rsKd; onfvnf; &ifhusufol ,kHMunfolrsm;ü jzpfEdkifonf/ tcsKdY*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü tcef;MuD; 14tqkH;ü bkef;awmfbJGUyg&Sdonf/ tcsKdUwGif ae&mESpfckpvkH; ü&Sdonf/ aypmusrf; p 46 ü rI ¤if;udk tcef;MuD; 15 tqkH;ü xm;onf/ a&mrMo0g'pm\ tpOftvm*&d vufa&;usrf;ü þbkef;awmfbJGUudk ae&majcmufckü awGU&onf/ tjynfhtpkH aqG;aEG;rItwGuf United Bible Societies rS xkwfapaom Bruce M. Metzger \ A Textual Commantary of the Greek New Testament, pp. 533-536 ü Munfhyg/ xdkoDtdk&Drsm;\ tusOf;csKyfrSm þodkYjzpfonf/

1/ ueOD;ü a&mrjrdKUwGif t,l0g'vTJrSm; olwpfa,mufjzpfaom Marcion onf a&mr Mo0g'pm\ aemufqkH;tcef;MuD;ESpfcef;tm; z,fxkwfvdkufonf[k Origen u ajymygonf/ ¤if;onf tcef;MuD; 14ü þbkef;awmfbJGU&Sd&jcif;taMumif;&i;fjzpfayrnf/

2/ tcsKdUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;url aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmykHpHwpfrsKd;jzpfonfh tcef;MuD; 1-14 udk a&mrjrdKYodkY ydkY&ef a&;om;cJh&m? aemufydkif;ü xdkpmudkyif {zufjrdKUodkYvnf; ydkY&efvdktyfonf[k odjrifcJhonf/ ¤if;rSm tcef;MuD; 1-16 tjynfhtjzpfonf[kqdkMuonf/ wpfOD;csif;tm; EIwfquf jcif;pm&if; t&SnfMuD;onf (tcef;MuD;16) {zufjrdKUudk xif[yfapjyD;? a&mrjrdKUESifh rIqDavsmfjcif;r&Sdacs/

3/ tmukvESifh jypfudkvwdkYrSm a&mrjrdKUodkY jyefoGm;cJhMuaMumif; rSwfwrf;r&SdcJhbl;bJ? {zufjrdKUüom aeoGm;cJhaomaMumifh tcef;MuD; 16 &Sd EIwfqufjcif;rSm a&mrjrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:&Sd ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/ ({zufjrdKU ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf)

4/ xdk bkef;awmfbJGUonf rl&if;ü rygbJ? aemufydkif;wGif usrf;ul;q&mrsm;onf toif;awmf0wfjyK pnf;a0;rsm;ü zwf&Gwf&ef jznfhpGufMujcif;jzpfonf/ M.R. Vincent, Word Studies, Vol, 2 ü pdwf0ifpm;p&m rSwfcsufwpfckawGU&onfrSm ]]þoDtdk&Drsm;ESifh acgif;rmpGm qefYusifonfrSm? ,ckxd pkaqmif;od&SdcJh&orQ aygvk\ pmrsm; (okH;&mcefY)ü þtcef;MuD;rsm; ,ck tpDtpOftwdkif;&SdjyD;? þbkef;awmfbJGUryg&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ (pm? 750)

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/

1/ ]]tm;enf;aom ,kHMunfol}} rsm;rSmrnfolawGenf;¿ a&;om;azmfjyyg/ olwdkYrSm r&ifhusufolrsm;jzpfonf[k aygvkqdkvdkygovm;¿

2/ c&pf,mef vGwfvyfrIESifh c&pf,mefwm0ef 0wÅ&m;rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;¿

3/ t&mtm;vkH;obm0tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;ygoavm¿ odkYr[kwf udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&mü Mum;aejzpfygoavm¿ (i,f 14?20)

4/ aygvkonf a&mrMo0g'pmudk aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS a&;om;cJhjcif;udk owd&&if;? tpm;taomufjyóemonf aum&dEÅKjrdKUü tb,faMumifh tvGefta&;MuD;enf;¿ (1aum tcef;MuD; 8?10)

5/ þtcef;MuD;ü todynm? vGwfvyfrIESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmrsm;\ qufpyfrIudk &Sif;jyyg/

6/ toif;awmftwGif; rdwfo[m,udk rnfonfh t&may: tajcjyK&rnfenf;¿

7/ rdrdwdkY wpfOD;csif;\ a&G;cs,frIESifh qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;rnfonfh t&may:tajccHMuoenf;¿

8/ uREkfyfwdkY\ tjyKtrIrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;udk rnfuJho xdcdkufoenf;¿ þtcsufonf uRefawmfwdkYudk rnfonfht&mtm; awmif;qdkaeoenf;¿

9/ oifhawmfaom c&pf,mefudk,fusifhw&m;u rnfuJhodkY owfrSwfqkH;jzpfMuoenf;¿

10/ &ifhusufaom c&pf,mefrsm; oabmxm;rwlnDrIudk bk&m;ocifvufoifhcHEdkifygOD;rnfavmh¿

420

a&mr 15

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\ pmydk'fcJGrsm;

UBS NKJV NRSV

TEV NJB tjcm;vlom;csif; 0eftcsif;csif; tm;aumif;ol tjcm;olrsm; (14;22-15;6) rsm;auseyfygap/ xrf;ay;Mu onftm;enf;ol auseyfygap/ rdrdudk,frdrdrauseyf udkonf;cH rdrdudk,frdrdraus apESifh eyfapESifh 15;1-6 15;1-6 15;1-6 15;1-6

wyg;trsKd;ESifh*sL; bk&m;udk wyg;trsKd;rsm;twGuf rsm;twGuf{0Ha*vd twlcsD;rGrf; {0Ha*vd 15;7-13 15;7-13 15;7-13 15;7-12 15;7-12 15;13 15;13 aygvk\ óoem a,½k½SvifjrdKY udk,fydkifrSwfpk &J&ifhpGmpma&;&mü aygvk\trIawmf vkyfief;qufuyfrI @aumedjrdKUodkY aygvk&nf&G,fcsuf 15;14-21 15;14-21 15;14-21 15;14-21 15;14-16 15;17-21

a&mrjrdKYoGm;&ef a&mrjrdKUoGm;&ef

a&mrjrdKUoGm;&ef aygvk\tpD aygvktpDtpOf pDpOf aygvktpDtpOf tpOfrsm; 22-29 22-33 22-29 15;22-29 22-26 15;30-33 15;30-33 22-29 15;30-33 ywfvnfzwf½Ijcif; taMumhokH; (pm xi Munfhyg) rl&if;pma&;ol\pmydk'fvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif; þpmtkyfrSm teufzGifhvrf;nTef;tm; avhvmrIjzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ormusrf;pmudk rdrd[m rdrdteufzGifh&ef rdrdwGif wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&onfh tvif;vJ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Mu&efjzpfonf/ ormusrf;pmtm; teufjyef&m oifudk,f? ormusrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqkH;jzpfonf/ ormusrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;udk teufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm;ay: om ykHcs&efr[kwfacs/

tcef;MuD;wpfcef;tm; wpfwdkifwnf;jzifhzwfyg/

t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ taMumif;t&mtvdkuf oif\ pmydk'fcJGrIudk txufygbmomjyefusrf; ig;rsKd;ESifh Edkif;,SmOfyg/ pmykd'fcJGrsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf;? teufjyefjcif;\ toJESvkH;jzpfaom rl&if;pma&;ol\ MuH&G,fcsufem;vnfEdkif&efaomhcsufjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwdkif;taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

2/ 'kwd,pmydk'f

3/ wwd,pmydk'f 4/ ... pojzifh

ti,f 1-13tm; usrf;pum; tquftpyfjzifh em;vnfjcif;/ u/ c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrIESifh wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;taMumif; tcef;MuD; 14rS 15;1-13 txd aqG;aEG;onf/

c/ 14;1-15;13 txd aqG;aEG;rIrsm;tm; þodkYtusOf;csKH;Edkifonf/

1/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk c&pfawmftxJ vufcHojzifh tcsif;csif; vufcHMu (14;1?3? 15;7)

2/ c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkY\ ocifESifh wpfyg;wnf;aomw&m; pD&ifoljzpfojzifh tcsif;csif;w&m; pD&ifjcif;rjyKMuESifh/ (14;3-12)

3/ cspfjcif;arwÅmonf wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrIxuf ydkrdkta&;MuD;onf/ (14;13-23)

4/ c&pfawmf\ ykHoufaoaumif;udk vkdufum? tjcm;olrsm; aqmufwnfp&mjzpf&efESifh aumif;usKd;twGuf rdrd\ tcGif;ta&;udk t½IH;cHyg/ (15;1-13)

*/ 14;1-15;13 wpfckvkH;\ &nf&G,fcsufokH;rsKd;tm; 15;5-6ü ay:vGifaeonf/

1/ tcsif;csif;oifhjrwfpGmaexdkifyg/

2/ c&pfawmf\ ykHaumif;oufaoESifh tnDtouf&Sifyg/

3/ aygif;pnf;aom ESvkH;om;? aygif;pnf;aom EIwfpum;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;yg/

C/ wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrIESifh tpktaygif;jzifh wm0ef&SdrItMum;tvm;wl wif;rmrItaMumif; 1aum 8-10ü aqG;aEG;onf/ pum;vkH;ESifh pum;pkavhvmjcif;

NASB (aemufqkHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;1-6 1tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf rdrdudk,frdrdauseyfap½kHrQ r[kwfbJ? tm;r&Sdaom tm;enf; olwdkYudk onf;cH oifhonf/ 2igwdkY wpfa,mufcsif;onf rdrdtdrfeD;csif;\ aumif;usKd;twGuf olauseyfESpfodrfhí aqmufwnf p&mjzpfap&efjzpfonf/ 3taMumif;rSm c&pfawmfyifvQif ]]udk,fawmfudk jypfwifaom olrsm;\ jypfwifjcif;rsm; uREkfyftay:usa&mufyg\}} [lí usrf;pmvmonfESifh tnD rdrdudk,f rdrdauseyfapjcif; rjyKcJhacs/ 4usrf;pmtm;jzifh &aom cJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jzifh igwdkYü ajrmfvifhjcif;&Sdap&ef? a&S;umvü a&;cJhorQonf igwdkYudk oGefoif&ef a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/ 5pJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;udk ay;awmfrlol bk&m;ocifonf c&pfawmf a,½I\ tvdkESifhtnD? pdwfwl? oabmwljzifh oifwdkYudk igwdkY ocifa,½I c&pfawmf\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmftm; wpfoHwnf;jzifh nDnTwfpGm csD;rGrf;Edkifygrnf taMumif;ay;ooem;awmfrlygapaom/

15;1

NASB ]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf ... tm;r&Sdaom tm;enf;olwdkYudk onf;cHoifhonf}}

NKJV ]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf;í pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf vG,folwdkYudk onf;cHoifhonf/ NRSV ]]tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf;olrsm;\ tjypftemrsm;udk onf;cHoifhonf/}} TEV ]],kHMunfjcif;ü tm;&Sdol igwdkYonf tm;enf; olwdkY\ 0efudk ,lí tm;enf;olwdkY\ oHo,0ifaom cHpm;csufwdkYudk onf;cH&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/}} ¤if;wdkYrSm IMPERATIVE oabmjzifh okH;aom PRESENT INFINITIVES ESpfckjzpfonf/ tm;&Sdol? tm;enf;olrsm;udk azmfjyjcif;onf 14;1 rS pwif aqG;aEG;csufudkyif? tcef;MuD; 15ü qufvufoGm; jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm a&mr toif;awmfESifh toif;awmfrsm;tm;vkH;ü c&pf,mefrsm;\ toufwm vrf;aMumif; ay:wif;rmrItm; ay:vGifapjcif;ESifh wlonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm

1/ or®musrf;pmxJ oJuJGpGm razmfjyaom u@rsm;

2/ "r®a[mif;usrf;\ awmif;qdkrIrsm;

3/ udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&m r[kwfaom? xkH;wrf;pOfvmqdkif&m udpörsm;tm; wkHYjyefrIrsm; þu@ü uRefawmfhudk rsm;pGm yhHydk;aom pmtkyfaumif;tpftkyfrSm Gordon Fee \ Gospel and Spirit pmtkyfjzpfonf/ ,aeYacwfopfpm ½Iolrsm; taejzifh ]]tm;&Sdol}} ESifh ]]tm;enf;ol}} rsm;rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; owfrSwfcsufay;&efrSm rSef;qcsuf omvQif jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvk\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm xdkodkY jyK&ef r[kwfacs/ tm;&Sdol tkyfpkrSm pnf;urf; Oya' odkYr[kwf bmoma&; qif,ifusif;yrIudk t"du xm;aom bmoma&; vkdufpm;rIESifh uif;vGwfoludk &nfnTef;onf/ olwdkYESifh bk&m;ocifqufqH&mü bmoma&;qdkif&m wm0eftcsKdU aqmif&Gufjcif; (0g) bmoma&;wm;jrpfcsuf tcsKdUtm; a&Smifjcif;rsm; tay:raocsm ra&&mbJ? rSDcdktm; xm;jcif;rjyKMuacs/ tjcm;tkyfpkrSmvnf; wif;jynfhusyfjynfh c&pf,mefrsm;? tjynfht0vufoufoifhcHjcif;&&Sd olrsm;ESifh tjynfht0qufuyfaom ,kHMunfolrsm; tkyfpkyif jzpfonf/ odkYaomf olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;tm; rdrdwdkY twdwfu bmoma&;qdkif&m tawGUtMuHKrsm;rSwqifh ½IjrifMuonf/ *sL;vlrsKd; ,kHMunfolrsm;onf *sL;bmom\ y#dnOf w&m;a[mif;udk pJGudkifvdkMuonf/ wyg;trsKd;om; ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ ,cif bmoma&; t,l0g'ESifh usifhpOftcsKdUwdkYudk qufvufusifhvdkMuonf/ odkYaomf aygvkonf ,kHMunfolwdkYü &Sdaom þpdwfaeoabmxm;udk ]]tjypf}} [k ac:a0go rIwfjcif;rjyKaMumif; owd&yg/ rdrdwdkY\ MowÅyÜpdwfudk vGefusL;Mujcif;uomvQif tjypfjzpfonf/ (i,f 23)/ ]]tm;r&Sd}} [laom a0g[m& adunatos onf (wref 14;8) ashtheneŌ (14;1?21/ 1aum 8;7?10?11?12/ 9;22) ESifh qufpyfum? ¤if;\ t"dyÜg,frSmvnf; ]]tm;r&Sd}} [líjzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'f\ qdkvdkcsufrSm c&pf,mefrsm;onf tjcm;c&pf,mefrsm;udk pdwfrodk;roefYESifh onf;nnf;cHae&efr[kwf/ cspfjcif;arwÅmxm;um ]]*½kwpdkufjyKí}} wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muftwl vkyfaqmifaeMu&ef jzpfonf/ ]]onf;cH}} bear [laom pum;vkH;rSm a,½I ]]vuf0g;uyfwdkifxrf;jcif;}} a,m[ef 19;17ESifh vkum 14;27 wdkYü okH;aom pum;vkH;vnf;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf bk&m;w&m; MunfndKol tcsif;csif;Mum;jzpfay:Edkifaom wif;rmrI taMumif;aumif;pGm odonf/ aygvkonf *sL;bmom vpfb&,f ausmif;awmf Hillel \ txifu& q&mMuD;wpfqljzpfol *gravsv Gamaliel vufatmufü avhusifh oGefoifrIcHvmcJholjzpfonf/

]]rdrdudk,frdrd auseyfap½kHrQr[kwfbJ}} ¤if;rSm NEGATIVE PARTICLE ygaom PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE jzpfjyD; qufvufcJhjyDjzpfaom vkyfaqmifrIwpfck &yfwhHonf[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ twÅudkA[dkjyKjcif;rSm r&ifhusufrI\ aocsmaom edrdwfvu©Pm wpfckjzpfum? c&pfawmf\ ykHoufaoudk vdkufjcif;onf &ifhusufrI\

aocsmaom edrdwfvu©Pmjzpfonf/ (i,f 3/ zd 2;1-11)/ þpum;pkonfvnf; tm;&Sdolrsm;udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ (14;1?14?16?21?27)/ rdwfo[m,wnfwHhap&ef olwdkYüom wm0ef&Sdonf[k qdkvkdjcif; r[kwfacs/ tm;enf;olwdkYtm;vnf; 14;3?20?23/ 15;5-6?7 wdkYü ajymygonf/ 15;2

]]igwdkYwpfa,mufpDonf rdrdtddrfeD;csif;... auseyfESpfodrfhí}} tdrfeD;csif; pum;vkH;rSm c&pf,mef csif;csif;[laom t"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ þodkY ajym&mü rdrdwpfOD;csif;wdkY\ em;vnf oabmayguf rIrsm;udk tavQmhtwif;jyKjcif; oabmr[kwfbJ? oJuJGpGm razmf jyaom taMumif;t&m rsm;ü rdrd\ oabmxm;odkY r[kwf ydkrdkESpfoufaom t&mtm; twif;tusyfjyKjcif; rjyK&efjzpfonf/ txG#ftxdyfrSm wpfOD;csif; vGwfvyfrI r[kwfbJ? c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mpnf;vkH;nDnTwfa&; ESifh MuD;xGm;a&; jzpfonf/ (1aum 9;19-23/ 10;24-33/ {zuf 4;1-16)/

NASB ]]aqmufwnfp&mtwGuf}}

NRJV ]]aqmufwnfp&mjzpfap&ef}}

NRSV ]]tdrfeD;csif;tm; aqmufwnfrIjzpfap&ef aumif;aom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh}}

TEV ''olwdkYtm; ,kHMunfjcif;ü aqmufwnf&m&apjcif;ig}}

NJB ]]ydkí tm;aumif;aom c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfvmMuap&ef olwdkYudk ulnD...}} ¤if;rSm tcef;MuD; 14\ t"du OD;wnfcsufjzpfonf/ (14;16?19)/ ¤if;rSm 1aum 10;23/ 12;7/14;26/ {zuf 4;29 wdkYü awGY&onfhtwdkif; 0dnmOf qkaus;Zl;rsm; ppfaq;&ef tcsufrsm; teuf wpfckvnf; jzpfonf/ þusrf;ydk'fü rdrd\ c&pf,meftaz:rsm; ,kHMunfjcif;ü MuD;xGm;&ef ulnDaom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh tm;&Sdol c&pf,mefonf rdrd\ vGwfvyfrIudk uefYowfjcif;tm; &nfnTef;onf/ Joseph A. Fitzmyer ESifh Raymond E. Brown wkdYwnf;jzwfcJhMuonfh

The Jerome Biblical Commentary, vol. 2 ü þtcef;i,f taMumif;pdwf0ifpm;p&m rSwfcsufwpfck&Sdonf/ ]]þpum;pktm;}} olYudk aqmufwnf&m&ap&ef (tdrfeD;csif;) [k qdkum? c&pf,mef tdrfeD;csif;\ wpfOD;csif; MuD;xGm;a&;tm; &nfnTef;jcif;tjzpf t"dyÜg,faumuf,lavh&Sdonf/ odkYaomf aygvkonf taqmuf tOD;jzifh wifpm;rIudk rdrda&;aom pmrsm;ü tpktzJGUt"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;avh&SdaMumif; qifjcifMunfhonfhtcg? þpum;pkonfh þae&müvnf; vlrIa&;qdkif&m? tpktaygif; oabmudk qdkvdkaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ (1aum 14;12/ {zuf 4;12/ a&mr 14;19) (pm? 328)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / wnfaqmuf þpum;vkH; oikodome ESifh ¤if;\ tjcm;ykHpHrsm;udk aygvkrMumcPokH;avh&Sdonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]tdrfwvkH;aqmufvkyfonf}} [lí jzpf\/ (róJ7;24) odkYaomf ¤if; a0g[m&udk atmufygwdkYtm; wifpm;azmffjyjcif; tjzpfokH;vmonf/ 1/ c&pfawmf\ udk,fcE¨mjzpfaom toif;awmf/ 1aum 3;9/ {zuf 2;21/ 4;16

2/ atmufygwdkYudk wnfaqmuf&ef

(u) tm;enf;aom nDtpfudkrsm;/ a&mr 15;1 (c) tdrfeD;csif;rsm;/ a&mr 15;2 (*) tcsif;csif;/ {zuf 4;29/ 1ouf 5;11

(C) trIawmftwGuf oefY&Sif;olrsm;/ {zuf 4;11

3/ uRefawmfwdkYonf atmufygwdkYtm;jzifh wnfaqmufrIjyKMuonf/ (u) cspfjcif;arwÅm/ 1aum 8;1/ {zuf 4;16

(c) rdrdwpfOD;csif;\ vGwfvyfrIudk uefYowfí/ 1aum 10;23-24

(*) xifjrifrI tm;jzifh jyKjcif;udk &Smifvsuf/ 1wd 1;4

(C) 0wfjyKpnf;a0;rsm;ü ajymrI?qdkrIrsm; uefYowfjcif; (oD;csif;qdkolrsm;? q&morm;rsm;? ya&mzufrsm;? tjcm;aom bmompum;ajymolrsm;ESifh ¤if;tm; bmomjyefolrsm;) 1aum 14;3-4?12 4/ tm;vkH;u twnfjyK&rnfrSm

(u) aygvk\ tcGifhtmPm/ 2aum 10;8/ 12;19/ 13;10

(c) a&mr 14;19 ESifh 1aum 14;26 wdkYü tusOf;csKyfazmfjycsufrsm;/

15;3 ]]taMumif;rSm; c&pfawmfyifvQif}} c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkY vkdufem&ef ykHpHESifh Oyrmjzpfonf/ þtaMumif;ti,f 5/ zd 2;1-11/ 1ay 2;21/ 1a,m 3;16 wdkYüvnf; txl;azmfjyonf/

]]usrf;pmvmonf}}

¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;udk ajymaom pum;vkH;wJGtD'D,H(idiom) tokH;tEIef;wpfckjzpfonf/ PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm qmvH 69;9tm;udk;um; rlwpfckjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Oyrmtjzpf c&pfawmfudk nTef;qdk&mü (olYudk,fol rauseyfaprIrjyKjcif;/ zd 2;5-8) aygvkonf "r®a[mif;usrf;csufwpfck udk;um;vdkufjcif;jzifh? ueOD;toif;awmf\ tcGifhtmPmqdkif&m ta&;MuD;qkH;usrf; taxmuftxm; ESpfcktokH;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ (New man and Nida, A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Romans, p. 271) wavmuvkH;\ tjypfudk xrf;&mü c&pfawmf\ twÅuif;rJhrIrSm uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf Oyrmjzpfonf/ (1a,m 3;16)/ aygvkonf atmufygtwdkif; qufpyfonfESifh wlygonf/ 1/ a,½Ionf ar&Sd, taejzifh uJh&JUjypfwifrI onf;cHjcif;

2/ aygvkonf {0Ha*vdw&m;aMumifh uJh&JUjypfwifrI onf;cHjcif; usqif;aom þurÇmü bk&m;ociftm; tapcH&mü ay;qyf&ef wefbkd;&Sdygonf/ 1/ jiif;y,fcHí um;pifwifowfjcif; cHola,½Ijcif;taMumif; ajymonf/ 2/ aygvkonf rdrdjiif;y,fjcif;ESifh n§Of;qJcH&jcif;taMumif; 2aum 4;7-12/ 6;3-10/ 11;23-33 wdkYü aygvkonfvnf; aemufqkH;wGif acgif;jzwfowfcH&onf/

15;4 ]]a&S;umvü a&;cJhorQonf igwdkYu oGefoif&ef a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf}} "r®a[mif;usrf;rSm "r®opf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf a&;om;jcif;vnf;jzpfygonf/ (a&mr 4;23?24/ 15;4/ 1aum 9;10/ 10;6?11)/ ¤if;rSm y#dnOfw&m; opf,kHMunfolrsm;ESifhvnf; oufqdkifonf/ (2wd 2;15/ 3;16-17)/ qufvufaeaomfvnf; "r®a[mif;ESifh "r®opftMum; qufvufjcif;r&Sdaom u@rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/

]]usrf;pmtm;jzifh&aom pGJjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;jzifh}} bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfESifh ,kHMunfolrsm;\ touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHrsm;onf ¤if;udk rnfodkY wkHYjyefaMumif;rSwfom;yg/ ,kHMunfjcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIwdkYtwl aygif;pyfonf/ (i,f 5)/ ¤if;wdkYonf b0toufwmü aojcif;ESifh c&pfawmfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;taMumif; ajrmfvifhjcif;uwdwdkYü ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIjzpfaponf/

]]igwdkYü ajrmfvifhjcif;&Sdap&ef}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE wpfckjzpfum? igwdkY\ ajrmfvifhjcif;onf ti,f 4ü apmapmu azmfjycJhaom vkyfaqmifrIrsm; ay:rlwnfonf [kqdkvdkonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}} [lonf uRefawmfwdkY\ u,fwifjcif;tm; tqkH;owfaprnfh 'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf<uvmjcif;udk &nfnTef;avh&Sdonf/ (a&mr 8;30/ 1a,m 3;2)/ þa0g[m&onf *&dpum;ü t*Fvdyfa0g[mrSm uJhodkYraocsmra&&maom t"dyÜg,fraqmifacs/ 'kwd,tMudrf jyefvnf <uvm jcif;rSm tcsdefumvaocsm rod&aom aocsmonfhtjzpftysufwpfckjzpfonf/

425

aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk t"dyÜg,fcsif; qufpyfaom? uJGjym;jcm;em;onfh a0g[m&rsm;jzifh okH;avh&Sd onf/ bkeftMuD;jcif;?csD;ajrmufjcif;? xm0&touf? tqkH;pGefaom u,fwifjcif;? 'kwd,tMudrf jyefvnf<uvmjcif;....pojzifhjzpfonf/ jyD;jynfhpkHjcif;rSm aocsmaomfvnf; tcsdefumvrSm tem*wfjzpfí rod&acs/ ¤if;onf ]],kHMunfjcif;}} ESifh ]]cspfjcif;arwÅmwdkYESifh qufpyfavh&Sdonf/ (1aum 13;13/ 1ouf 1;3/ 2ouf 2;16)/ aygvk okH;EIef;ykH tcsKdUwdkYrSm

'kwd,tMudrfjyefvnf <uvmjcif; *v 5;5/ {zuf 1;18/ 4;4/ wduk 2;13/

a,½Ionf igwdkY\ ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1wd 1;1/

{0Ha*vdw&m;udk udk;pm;onf/ aum 1;23

tjynfht0 u,fwifjcif;/ aum 1;5/ 1ouf 4;13/ 5;8

bk&m;ocif\ bkef;wefcdk;awmf/ a&mr 5;2/ 2aum 3;12/ aum 1;27

u,fwifjcif; pdwfcsrI/ 1ouf 5;8

7/ xm0&touf/ wduk 1;2/ 3;7/

8/ zefqif;orQ tm;vkH; a&G;EIwfjcif;/ a&mr 8;20

9/ ,kHMunfjcif;/ 8;23-25/ 15;4

10/ bk&m;ocif\ bJGUemrawmf/ a&mr 15;13

11/ ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvktvkd&Sdaomt&m 2aum 1;7

15;5 ]]bk&m;ocifonf ... ay;oem;awmfrl}} ¤if;rSm &Sm;yg;aom AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE jzpfum? qE´wpfck (0g) qkawmif;csuf wpfckudk azmfjyonf/ ti,f 5-6 &Sd aygvk\ qkawmif;csufü tcsufESpfckyg0if&m

1/ pdwfESvkH;wpfckwnf;&Sd&ef (12;16/ 2aum 13;11/ zd 2;2)

2/ csD;rGrf;jcif;ü toHwpfoHwnf; jzpf&ef (ti,f 6?&?9)

]]pJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;ay;awmfrl olbk&m;ocif}} ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ emrawmfudk &Sif;vif;jcif; oabmeD;yg;jzpfoGm;onf/ (15;13/ 1aum 1;3)/ bk&m;ocif\ þ*kPft*FgwdkYonf EIwfuywfawmfrS wqifh ,kHMunfolrsm;odkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ (i,f 4)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJ&efvdktyfrI-8;25ü Munfhyg/ 15;6 ]]igwdkYocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmfbk&m;}} ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ "r®opfusrf; bJGUemrawmf tjynfhtpkHjzpfonf/ (2aum 1;3/ {zuf 1;3/ aum 1;3/ 1ay 1;3/ tvm;wl bJGUemrawmfwpfck 1;7ü Munfhyg) ¤if;rSm 'óedu aA'tvdkt& vdktyfaom bk&m;r[kwfbJ? zGifhjyawmfrIjcif;\ bk&m;jzpfonf/ ti,f 5-6 &Sd aygvk\ qkawmif;csuf&Sd bk&m;ocif\ bJGUemrawmfESpfckudk rSwfom;yg/

1/ pJGjrJjcif;ESifh cGeftm;\ bk&m;ocif

2/ igwdkY ocifa,½I\ bk&m;ocifESifh crnf;awmf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / pJGjrJjcif; 8;25ESifh crnf;awmf 1;7 wdkYüMunfhyg/

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;7-13 7xdkYaMumifh c&pfawmfonfvnf; bk&m;oci\f bkef;awmfxif&Sm;ap&ef igwdkYudk vufcHonfhtwdkif; oifwdkY tcsif;csif;vufcHMuavmh/ 8]]igqdkonfum; bdk;ab;rsm;udk ay;aomuwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef c&pfawmfonf bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;bufrS aeum? ta&;zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkY\ tapcHjzpfvmcJhjyD/ 9xdkYaMumifh wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY tv,fwGif udk,fawmfudk csD;rGrf;um? emrawmfudk oDcsif;qdk ygrnf[k usrf;pmvm onfESifhtnD? wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYonf *&kPmawmfaMumifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;Muvdrfhrnf/ 10wzefolqdkonfum; tdk? wyg;trsKd;om;wdkY vlrsKd;awmfESifhtwl 0rf;ajrmufMuavmh/ 11wzefqdkjyefonfum;?

426

wyg;trsKd;om; taygif;wdkY xm0&bk&m;udk csD;rGrf;Muavm/ vlrsKd;taygif;wdkY udk,fawmfudk csD;rGrf;Muap [k vm\/ 12aemufwzef a[&Sm, ajymonfrSm a,&SJtjrpfxGufí wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYudk tkyfpkd;jcif;iSg? ay:xGef;vmoljzpfí wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYonf olYudk arQmfvifhMuvdrfhrnf[k qdk\/ 13oifwdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;tm;jzifh ajrmfvifhjcif;ü <u,f0ap&ef ajrmfvif;jcif;\ bk&m;ocifonf ocifwdkYtm; ,kHMunf0rf;ajrmufjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHygapaom/

15;7

NASB, TEV ]]tcsif;csif;vufcH (accept) Muavmh}}

NKJV ]]tcsif;csif;vufcH (receive) Muavhm}}

NRSV ]]tcsif;csif;MudKqdkMuavmh/}}

NJB ]]wa,mufudk wa,muf wlnDaom cifrifrIjzifh jyKrIMuavmh/}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE wpfckonf/ c&pfawmfonf uRefawmfwdkYudk vufcHcJhojzifh rdrdwdkY,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;qufvufum vufcH Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ þor®mw&m;udk 14;1ü awGY&onf/ odkYaomf þae&mürl wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;udk bk&m;ocifvufcHaMumif; "r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'f tcsKdUrdwfquf azmfjyonf/ (i,f 9-12) ¤if;onf a&mrjrdKU toif;awmftwGif; wif;rmrI\xif[yfrIjzpfEdkifonf/ ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif;ay;urf;a0iSjcif;onf c&pf,mefjzpfaMumif; azmfjy\/ (1;12/12;5?10?16/ 13;8/ 14;13?19/ 15;5?7?14/ 16;16)



]]c&pfawmfonf...igwdkYudk vufcHonfhtwdkif;}} ¤if;rSm AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ,kHMunfolrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; jyKrlapaom wGef;tm;ESifh taMumifh&if;jzpfonf/ (14;3) tcef;MuD; 14\ pl;pdkufjyKrIrSm

1/ c&pfawmftm; t&SifocifESifh w&m;pD&ifoltjzpf/ i,f 1-12

2/ c&pfawmftm; rdrdudk,frdrday;aom cspfjcif;arwÅm\ Oyrmtjzpf/ 13-23 c&pfawmfonf igwdkYudk vufcHojzifh? igwdkYonfvnf; tjcm;olrsm;udk vufcHMu&ygrnfμ ]]bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfxif&Sm;ap&ef}} 3;23 rSwfcsufü Munfhyg/

15;8 ]]c&pfawmfonf.... ta&zsm;vSD;jcif;cHolwdkY\ tapcHjzpfvmcJhjyD}} c&pfawmfrSm "r®a[mif;usrf;\ tem*wÅdpum;rsm; twdkif; bk&m;oci\f jynfhpkHaprIjzpfonf/ (róJ10;6/ 15;24) ¤if;udka&mrjrdKU toif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm; tMum;wifrmrItm; &nfpl;í ajymjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/

NASB ]]bdk;ab;rsm;udk (fathers) ay;aom uwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef ... bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;bufrS aeum}}

NKJV ]]bdk;ab;rsm;udk ay;aom uwdawmfrsm; wnfap&ef... bk&m;;cif\ or®musrf;w&m;twGuf}}

NRSV ]]bkd;ab;rsm;udk (partriachs) ay;aom uwdawmfrsm;wnfap&ef... bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;bufrS aeum}}

TEV ]]olwdkY\ bdk;ab;rsm;udk (ancestors) ay;aom uwdrsm; twdkif;jzpfvmap&ef bk&m;ocifonf opGm&SdaMumif; *sL;rsm;bufrS aeum jyo&ef}}

NJB ]]bdk;ab;rsm;twGuf (patriachs) jyKaom uwdawmfrsm; bk&m;ocifopöm&SdpGm quvufap&ef/ ¤if;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;y#dnOfw&m;rsm;ü tpöa&;rsm;udk ay;aom bk&m;ocif\ uwdawmfrsm;udk ajymjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (4;16)/ rnfodkY jzpfap? vlom;tm;vkH;a&G;EIwf&ef bk&m;ocif ay;aom uwdawmfrsm;udk

&nfnTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ (urÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ xuf 19;5-6/ a[&Sm 2;2-4/ 56;7/ 66;18-24)/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;\ vQKdU0SufcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ tpDtpOfonf *sL;ESifh wyg;trsKd;rsm;udk c&pfawmfrSwqifh aygif;pnf;ap&efjzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;11-3/ 3;13)/ "r®opf\ owif;pum;rSm topftqef;wpfck t[kwfbJ? "r®a[mif;usrf;\ ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm; jynfhpkHvmrIjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf aqmif&Gufaom r[mapcdkif;rIrSm (0g) tpöa&;udk uwdjyKaom ajrmfvifhjcif;rsm; jynfhpkHap&efESifh wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; wHcg;zGifhay;&efjzpfonf/ (a&mr 3;29-30/ 9;30/ 10;11-12/ 16-20/ 11;25?32/ 16;25/ {zuf 2;11-3;21)/ bk&m;ocifudk wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; zGifhjyum? olwdkYudk ,kHMunfjcif;w&m;odkY qJGaqmif&ef owif;aumif;qdkif&mapcdkif;jcif;udk tpöa&;ysufuGuf onfhtcg? þwpfurÇmvkH;qdkif&mwm0efjyD; ajymufatmif aqmif&Guf a&;twGuf (róJ 28;19-20/ vkum 24;47/ a,m[ef 3;16/ wref 1;8) a,½Ionf 0dnmOfa&;tpöa&; topfwpfrsKd;tm; wefcdk;ay;onf/ (9;6/ *v 6;16) ]]wnfap}} txl;taMumif;t&m 4;16ü Munfhyg/

15;9-12 ¤if;rSm wyg;trsKd;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ tpDtpOfwGif tjrJyg0ifaMumif;jy&ef "r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'fpOfrsm;udk udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / uREkfyf Bob \ {0Ha*vdqdkif&mtjrif 1;5/ 10;16-20 wdkYü Munfhyg/ ¤if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'fwJGrsm; udk;um;jcif;jzpfonf/ 1/ i,f 9-qmvH 18;49 (0g) 2"r® 22;50

2/ i,f 10 w&m;a[m 32;43

3/ i,f 11 qmvH 117;1

4/ i,f 12 a[&Sm 11;1?10 a[jAJor®musrf;pm\ u@MuD;wpfckpDrS udk;um;rIwpfcsufpDygaMumif; rSwfom;yg/ ynwÅdusrf;? ya&mzufrsm;usrf;ESifh pmayrsm;

15;9 ]]u&kPmawmfaMumifh bk&m;ocifudk csD;rGrf;}} a&mrMo0g'pm\ MudKwifcefYxm;jcif;? (9;15?16?18?23) wyg;trsKd;rsm;yg0ifjcif; (11;30?31?32/ 15;9) wdkY\ "r®oabmw&m;\aomhcsufrSm bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmfjzpfonf/ tpöa&;udk u,fwifonfrSm þ*&kPmawmfjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolwyg;trsKd;rsm;udk u,fwifonfrSmvnf; þ*&kPmawmfyifjzpfonf/ xdk,EÅ&m;rSm vlom;\ aqmif&GufrIr[kwfbJ (a&mr 9) rajymif;rvJaom bk&m;ocif\ Muiftifvu©Pmjzpfonfh aus;Zl;awmf (xGuf 34;6/ ae[rd 9;17/ qmvH 103;8? 4/ a,mb 2;13) ESifh ar&Sd,qdkif&m uwdawmfjzpfonf/ (a,&Sm, 11;1?10)/ wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;onf bk&m;ocifudk atmufygwdkYjzi bkef;awmf xif&Sm;apMujcif;rSm pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;onf/

1/ 0efcHjcif;^ csD;rGrf;jcif;

2/ "r®oDcsif;oDqdkjcif; ,kHMunfolwpfOD;onf bk&m;ociftm; oDcsif;oDqdkonfhtcg 0efcHrIjyKjcif;? xkwfazmfrI jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ "r®oDcsif;rsm;onf ,kHMunfrI t,l0g' (creed) rsm;enf;wl w&m;0ifaom 0efcHrIwpfrsKd;jzpfonf (10;9-13) 15;13 ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;\ bk&m;ocif}} ¤if;onf 14;1 rS tpjyKaom usrf;pum; tkyfpk\ tydwfbkef;awmfbJGU jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm bk&m;ocif\ tHhbG,f&maumif;aom bJGUemrawmf wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/

15;13 ]]0rf; ajrmufjcif;? jidrfoufjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHap}} ¤if;rSm a&mrjrdKU ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf aygvk\ qkawmif;csufudk jyaom AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ ]]tm;vkH;}} qdkaom pum;vkH;udk rSwfom;yg/ (5;1-2/ 14;17)/



NASB, NKJV

NRSV ]],kHMunfvsuf}}

TEV ]]olYtm;,kHMunfjcif; tm;jzifh}}

NJB ]]oifwdkY ,kHMunfvsuf}} ¤if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE jzpfonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;awmf? c&pfawftm; ,kHMunfjcif;ü qufvufoGm;jcif;? 0rf;ajrmufrIESifh jidrfoufjcif;ü em;ckdkrIjzifh &&Sdaom pJGjrJonfh ,kHMunfjcif; (confidence) jzpfonf/ c&pfawmf tm;,kHMunfjcif;[lonf tpjyK wkHUjyefrIwpfck rQomr[kwfbJ? wkHUjyefrIjyKaom touf&Sifjcif;ykHpHjzpfonf/

]]oifwdkYonf ... ajrmfvifhjcif;ü <u,f0ap&ef}} ¤if;rSm perrisseuo \ PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE wpfckjzpfjyD; tajccHtm;jzifh ]]xyfaqmif;í}} [laom t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ 15;4\ rSwfcsuf ]]ajrmfvifhjcif;}} ü Munfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / <u,f0^ayg<u,f (perissevŌ) þa0g[m&udk aygvk rMumcPokH;onf/

1/ bkef;awmf<u,f0apaom bk&m;ocif\ or®mw&m;/ a&mr 3;7

2/ a,½Ic&pfawmfwnf;[laom wpfa,mufaom ol\ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh tcrJh vufaqmifonf <u,f0vsuf&Sd\f/ a&mr 5;15

3/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf ajrmfvifhjcif;ü <u,f0Mu\/ a&mr 15;13

4/ ,kHMunfolrsm;udk tpm;tpmtcsKdUtm; pm;jcif; (0g) rpm;jcif;aMumifh bk&m;ocif ESpfoufawmfrlonf r[kwfacs/ 1aum 8;8

5/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf toif;awmfudk wnfaqmuf&mü <u,f0Muonf/ 1aum 14;12

,kHMunfolrsm;onf ocifbk&m;twGuf vkyfaqmif&mü <u,f0Muonf/ 1aum 15;58

,kHMunfolrsm;onf c&pfawmf\ 'ku©qif;&JcHjcif; a0rQcHpm;jcif;ü <u,f0onf enf;wl c&pfawmf\ ESpfodrfhrItm; a0rQcHpm;&mü vnf; <u,f0Muonf/ 2aum 1;5

ajzmifhrwfjcif; w&m;onf bkef;awmf<u,f0onf/ 2aum; 3;9

,kHMunfolrsm;\ <u,f0aom aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif;onf bkef;toa&awmf xif&Sm;aponf/ 2aum 4;15

,kHMunfolrsm;onf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ü <u,f0Muonf/ 2aum 8;2

,kHMunfolrsm;onf t&m&mü (,kHMunfjcif;? ajymqdkjcif;? todynm? pdwftm;MuD;jcif;ESifh cspfjcif; arwÅm) <u,f0Muum? a,½k½Svif toif;awmftwGuf vufaqmifay;&müvnf; <u,f0Muonf/ 2aum 8;7

aus;Zl;awmf tvkH;pkHonf ,kHMunfolrsm;twGuf <u,f0onf/ 2aum 9;8

bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf csD;rGrf;jcif;ü ,kHMunfolrsm; <u,f0/ 2aum 9;12

bk&m;ocif\ <u,f0aom aus;Zl;awmfonf ,kHMunfolrsm;ay: &ufa&mvSonf/ {zuf 1;8

,kHMunfolrsm;onf cspfjcif;arwÅmü ydkí ydkí <u,f0vmEkifonf/ zd 1;9

,kHMunfolrsm;onf aygvktm;? c&pfawmftxJ ,kHMunfrI<u,f0Muonf/ zd 1;26

<u,f0pGm&Sdonf/ zd 4;12?18

18/ ,kHMunfrsm; aus;Zl;awmfü <u,f0Muonf/ aum 2;7

19/ ,kHMunfolrsm; tcsif;csif; cspfjcif;arwÅmü MuD;xGm;<u,f0onf/ 1ouf 3;12

20/ bk&m;w&m;ESifhtnD touf&Sifjcif;ü <u,f0jcif;/ 1ouf 4;1 21/ ,kHMunfol tcsif;csif; <u,f0pGm cspfMujcif;/ 1ouf 4;10 c&pfawmftxJ bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmf taMumif; aygvk em;vnfykHrSm ]]xyfqmif;xm;onf}} [lí jzpfonfenf;wl? ,kHMunfolrsm;onfvnf; rdrdwdkY toufwmxJü þ ]]tydkaqmif;aom}} aus;Zl;awmfESifh cspfjcif;arwÅmü avQmufvSrf;&ef vdktyfonfμ

]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wefckd;tm;jzifh}} oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf þuyfumvtopfü tvkyfvkyfaeaom okH;yg;wpfql bk&m;\ yk*d¾Kvfjzpfonf/ olYtm;jzifh r[kwfvQif Mum&SnfcHaom wefbdk;&Sdonfht&m (0g) tusKd;oufa&mufrI rjzpfay:Edkifacs/ (15;19/ 1aum 2;4/ 1ouf 1;5)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 8;9 ESifh 8;11 wdkYü Munfhyg/ aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm; þpmtkyfrSm rnfuJhodkY teufzGifh&rnfudk vrf;nTefrItm; avhvmjcif; jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm or®musrf;pmtm; rdrdudk,fwdkif teufzGifh&ef rdrdwm0efjzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfOD;csif;pDonf rdrd&&Sdxm;aom tvif;xJ avQmufoGm;Mu&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm; teufjyef&mü oifudk,fwdkif? or®musrf;pmESifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf wdkYrSm y"getusqHk; jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudk teufzGifhusrf; a&;ollrsm;tay:üom yHkcs&ef r[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaom þar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;pm\ þtydkif;wGif yg0ifaom t"du taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; pOf;pm;qifjcifEdkif&ef yHhydk;zdkY jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHk r[kwfbJ qifjcifpOf;pm;rItm; Edk;qGay;&efom jzpfonf/

1/ a&mr 14;1-15;13\ yifrA[dk or®mw&m;rSm tb,fenf;¿

2/ aygvkonf ti,f 19-12 twGif; tb,faMumifh "r®a[mif;usrf;ydk'frsm;udk;um;oenf;¿ MuD;rm;aom rnfonfh or®mw&m;rsm;yg&Sdoenf;¿ ti,f 14-33 tm; usrf;pum; tqufpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;

u/ þMo0g'pm\ tqkH;owfonf ¤if;\ tpjzpfaom 1;8-15ESifh rsm;pGm wlnDonf/

1/ ¤if;onf olwdkY\ ,kHMunfjcif;udk txl;csD;usL;onf/ (1;8)

2/ ¤if;onf wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf {0Ha*vdw&m;\ wrefawmf&mxl;udk umuG,fajymqdkonf/ (1;13?14)

3/ ¤if;onf olwdkYxH aygvk oGm;vdkykHudk tcdkiftrmazmfjyonf/ (1;10?13)

4/ owif;aumif; ra&mufao;aom a'orsm;odkY aygvkoGm;&mvrf;ü olYudk tultnDay;apvdkonf/ (pydefjynf 1;13)

c/ aemufwpfcg a&mr toif;awmftwGif; ,kHMunfol *sL;rsm;ESifh ,kHMunfolwyg; trsKd;om;rsm; tMum; wif;rmrIudk t&dyft>ruf awGU&onf/ xdktaMumif;t&mudk þusrf;wavQmufvkH;ü t&dyft>rufazmfjyonf (0g) &nfnTef;um? txl;ojzifh 9-11/ 14;1-15;13 wdkYü awGY&onf/

*/ ueOD;toif;awmfü aygvk\ wrefawmft&mESifh qdkifaom wif;rmrIudkvnf; t&dyft>rufawGY&onf/ olonf rdrdudk,frdrd ti,f 15-19/ 1;2?5 wdkYü umuG,fajymqdkaeonfESifh wlonf/

C/ þpmpkü taMumif;t&mESpf&yfyg&Sdonf/

1/ aygv\k wrefawmft&m? {0Ha*vd tvkyf&mESifh wpfyg;trsKd;om;rsm;udk OD;wnfaom trIawmfvkyfief; (i,f 14-21)

2/ þ&nf&G,fcsufjyD; ajrmufap&ef aygvk\ c&D;oGm; tpDtpOfrsm;onf olUudk a&mrjrdKUodkY a&mufoGm;apEdkif/ (i,f 22-33)

NASB (aemufqkH;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;14-21 14oifwdkYESifh qdkifí um;? nDtpfudkwdkY? oifwdkYonf aumif;jrwfjcif; taygif;ESifh jynfhpkHí t&m&mwdkYudk odum? tcsif;csif;wdkufwGef; EId;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&SdMuonfudk igoabmayguf\/ 15odkYaomf tcsKdU tcsufrsm;udk oifwdkY jyefí owd&ap&ef igonf&J&ifhpGm a&;onf/ 16tb,faMumifh qdkaomf wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf c&pfawmf a,½I\ trIawmfaqmif wpfOD;jzpf&e bk&m;ocifonf ighudk aus;Zl;jyKawmfrl\/ wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYtm; ylaZmfouúmtjzpfay;jcif;u oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf oefY&Sif;apum? vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpfap&ef bk&m;ocif\ {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; ,Zmfyka&m[dwf uJhodkY aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sd\/ 17xdkYaMumifh bk&m;ocifESihf qdkifaomt&mwdkYü c&pfawmf a,½ItxJ 0g<um;p&m taMumif;&Sd\/ 18taMumif;rSm ightm;jzifh c&pfawmf aqmif&GufjyD;pD;cJhaomt&mrsm;uvJTvQif igrajym0hH/ 19xdkt&mrsm;onf wyg;trsKd;om;wdkYtm; EIwftm;jzpfjzpfap? tjyKtrItm;jzifhjzpfap? tHhMobG,f&mrsm; edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;? 0dnmOfawmf\ wefcdk;rsm;tm;jzifh emcHaponf/ xdkYaMumifh igonf a,½k½SvifjrdKUrSpí £vk&dwfjynfwdkifatmif teD;ywf0ef;usifa'orsm;ü c&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdw&m;udk tukeftpif a[majymcJhjyDjzpfonf/ 20xdkodkYjzifh tjcm;ol\ tkwfjrpfay: aqmufvkyfjcif;rjzpfap&ef igonf c&pfawmf\ emrawmf rMum;bl;aom t&yfwdkYü {0Ha*vdw&m; a[m&ef jyif;jypGm qE´&Sd\/ 21¤if;rSm owif;r&cJhaom olwdkYonf olYudk jrif&Muum? rMum;&aom olwdkYonf em;vnfMuvdrfhrnf[k usrf;pmvmonfhtwdkif; jzpfonf/

15;14

NASB ]]nDtpfudkwdkY? oifwdkYESi qdkifí um;? nDtpfudk wdkY.... igoabmayguf\/

NRJV ]]nDtpfudkwdkY? oifhwdkYESifh qdkifí ,ck igoabmayguf\ }}

NRSV ]]ig\ nDtpfudk armifESrrsm;wdkY oifwdkYtaMumif;udk igonf ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI cHpm;&\/}}

TEV ]]rdwfaqGwdkY? oifwdkYonf.... aMumif; ig,kHMunfpdwfcsrIcHpm;&\/}}

NJB ]]oifwdkYtaMumif; oHo,wpHkw&m0ifí r[kwfyg/ nDtpfudkwdkY/ xdkokdYjzpfrnfhtpm; oifwdkYonf.... aMumif; igtvGef&Sif;vif;onf/

*&dpum;wGif ]]ig}} (auto egŌ) [lonf tvGefYtvGef tav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þtoif;awmfudk trSefpifppf csD;rGrf;aejcif;jzpfonf/ (]]oabmayguf}} PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE) aygvkonf þa&mrc&pf,mefrsm; taMumif;tcsufokH;csuf ajymonf/ i,f 14

1/ aumif;jrwfrI taygif;ESifh jynfhpkHMuonf (PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)

2/ t&m&mudk od&SdMuonf (PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICLE)

3/ tcsif;csif; wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&SdMuonf/ (PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE) þti,f\ qdkvdk&i;frSm aygvkonf olwdkYudk taMumif;t&mopf ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ? olwdkYMum;cJh? vufcHcJhjyD;aom owif;aumif;udkyif &Sif;vif;jcif;jzpfonf/ (i,f 15)

]]oifwdkYonf aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHí}} 0gustpüf ]]ig}} [lí tav;teuf ajymonf enf;wl ]]oifwdkY}} pum;vkH;üvnf; tav;teufjyKonf/ ]]jynfh}} [laom a0g[m& (mestos) rSm ]]ESifhjynfhaom}} ]]tjynfh}} [lí jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk ESpfMudrfomvQif okH;cJh&m ESpfckpvkH; a&mr Mo0gpmü jzpfonf/ (1;29/ 15;14)/ ]]jynfh}} (plēroŌ) rSm PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfonf/ aygvkonf þa0g[m&udk a&mrMo0g'pmü rMumcPokH;onf/ (a&mr 1;29/ 8;4/ 13;8/15;13?14?19)/ ¤if;\ emrf pleroma udkvnf; a&mrMo0g'pmü rMucP okH;aomfvnf; (11;12?25/ 13;10/ 15;29) ¤if;\ emr0daooeudkrl ola&;aom rnfonfhpmü rS rokH;cJhacs/ aygvk\ qE´rSm jynfh0aom {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf ,kHMunfolrsm;udk cspfjcif;arwÅmESifh trIawmfaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf jynfhvQHpGm jznfhqnf;&efjzpfonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY vdkorQ c&pfawmftxJ &&SdMuonf/ þpdwfcsrIudk tjynfht0vufcH &&SdMu&ef vdkonf/ ]]aumif;jrwfjcif;ESifh jynfhí t&m&mwdkYudk odum}} þa0g[m&rsm; em;vnfoabmayguf&ef enf;vrf;ESpfck&Sdonf/ (1) þpmpk rwdkifrD 14;1-15;13 txd taMumif;t&mrsm; jzpfaom or®musrf;pmxJ oJuJGpGm razmfjyonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;ü c&pf,mef tcsif;csif;tMum; uJGjym;jcm;em;rIrsm; tay: em;vnfrI &SdMuonf/ þtaMumif;tm; ]]aumif;jrwf}} [laom pum;udk 14;16/ 15;2ESifh þae&mwdkYü tokH;jyKjcif;onf twnfjyKonf/ odkYr[kwf (2) ¤if;onf ,kHMunfjcif; qkdif&m {0Ha*vd w&m;wpf&yfvkH;ESifh usifhokH;rI? a&S;&dk;pOfvm,kHMunfrIESifh wdkYESifh qufpyfonf/ 

]]tcsif;csif;wdkufwGef; EdI;aqmfEdkifpGrf;&Sd}} toif;awmf [lonf tcsif;csif;tm;ay;? wdkufwGef; EId;aqmfrIjyK&ef bk&m;ocifMuH&G,fxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 12;7/ aum 3;16/ 1ouf 5;14/ 2ouf 3;15)/ uRefawmfwdkYonf tcsif;csif;tapcHjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocifudk tapcH&ef u,fwifjcif;cHMuonfμ uRefawmfwdkYonf udk,fcE¨mawmf usef;rmap&efESifh MuD;xGm;ap&ef touf&SifMubdkYjzpfonfμ

15;15 ]]&J&ifhpGm a&;onf}} aygvkonf þMo0g'pmudk aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS aeum? a&mrjrdKUodkYa&;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdktoif;awmfrS tkyfpkwpfckonf olYtm; vludk,fwdkiftm;enf; aomfvnf;? ola&;aom pmrsm;ü &J&ifhonf[k a0zef wdkufcdkufonf/ ]]&J&ifhpGm}} [laom þMwd,mpum;vkHykHpHudk 2aum 10;2? 12/ 11;21 wdkYü awGU&onf/ aygvk &J&ifh&jcif;rSm ol\ ajymif;vJjcif;? ac:zdwfrIESi {0Ha*vdw&m;tm; od&Sdem;vnfrIwdkYaMumifh jzpfonf/ ]]bk&m;ocifonf ighudk aus;Zl;jyKawmfrl\/}} aygvkonf olYtm; ac:zdwfaom u,fwifaom? 0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;ay;aom? wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;xH apvGwfaom (1;13/ 15;16) bk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmfudk odonf/ (1;5/12;3/ 1aum 3;10/ 15;10/ *v 2;9/ {zuf 3;7-8) ¤if;rSm ol\ wrefawmft&mESifh tcGifhtmPmudk azmfjyjcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ (1;1?5)/ 15;16 ]]trIawmfaqmif... trIawmfaqmif&Guf.... ylaZmfo@mtjzpf ay;vSL... vufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&m}} ti,f 16 ESifh 17 wdkYü ,Zfyka&m [dwfqdkif&m a0g[m&ESi pum;pk tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/ trIawmfaqmif Minister

pum;vkH;tm; ti,f 27ü ,Zfyk a&m[dwfESifh qdkifí okH;onf/ ¤if;pum;vkH;udkyif c&pfawmf\ trIaqmif&Gufjcif;twGuf a[jAJ 8;2ü okH;onf/ aygonf rdrdudk,f rdrd wyg;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifxHodkY qufuyfonfh ,Zfyka&m[dwftjzpf (zd 2;17) olYudk,fol ½Ijrifum? ¤if;tvkyfrSm tpöa&;\ wm0efjzpfonf/ (xGuf 19;5-6/ a[&Sm 66;20)/ þ{0Ha*vdowif;aumif; tvkyfudk toif;awmftm; tyfESif;xm;onf/ (róJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 18)/ toif;awmfudkyif "r®a[mif;,Zf[ka&m[dwf a0g[m&rsm;jzifh 1ay 2;5?9 ESifh Asm 1;6wdkYü ac:qdkonf/  ]]bk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdw&m;}} 4if;rSm a,½Ic&pfawmf\ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; (rmuk 1;1/ a&mr 1;16/ 15;19/ 1aum 9;12?18/ 2aum 2;12/ 4;4/ 9;13/ 10;14/ *vm 1;7 ... pojzifh) omvQif r[kwfbJ? ]]bk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;}} [lívnf;rSefuefpGmac:Edkifonf/ (rmuk 1;14/ a&mr 15;16/ 2aum 11;7/ 1ouf 2;2?8?9/ 1ay 4;17)/ 4if;rSmurÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6 ESifha[&Sm ,usrf;üvnf;rMumcPya&mzufjyKonfhtwdkif; (a[&Sm 2;2-4/ 51;4?5) bk&m;ocif\ESvHk;om;tvdk jynfhjcif;jzpfonf/



]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonfoefY&Sif;apaom}} 4if;onf

PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE jzpfít"dyÜg,frSm

]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJhum? qufvuffíoefY&Sif;pifMu,f aponf}} [líjzpf\/ 4if;onfa&mrtoif;awmftwGif;*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;tMum;wif;rmrIudk wzefay:vGifapjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;udkoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf tjynfht0vufcH umoefY&Sif;pifMu,fapcJhNyD;qufvufívnf; xdkodkYjyKaeonf[kaygvk&Sif;vif;pGmazmfjycJhonf (1aum 6;11)/

15;17-19 oHk;yg;wpfql \pkpnf; aomvkyfaqmifrIudkrSwfom;xm;yg/ bk&m;ocifxHawmfodkY (i,f 17) c&pfawmftxJ(i,f17) ESifh0dnmOfawmf\wefcdk;awmftxJ(i,f19)/ aygif;pyfbk&m; (godhead) \ yk*¾KvfoHk;yg;wdkYudkti,f 30 üMunfhyg/ ]]oHk;yg;wpffql}}[laoma0g[m& or®musrf;pmür&Sdaomfvnf; xdktaMumif;rSm&Sdaeonf (róJ 3;16-17/ 28;19/ wrefawmf 2;33-34/ a&mr 8;9-10/ 1aum 12;4-6/ 2aum 1;21/ 13;14/ {zuf 1;3-14/ 4;4-6/ wdwk 3;4-6/ 1ay 1;2/) txl;taMumif;t&m/ /oHk;yg; wpfql - 8;11 üMunfhyg/ 15;18-19 aygvkonfwyg;trsdK;rsm;tMum;rdrdtrIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif; tusdK;oufa&mufyHktrsdK;rsdK; wkdYudkpm&if;jyKpk&mrSm (1)pum;tm;jzifh (2)tjyKtrltm;jzifh (3)edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;tm;jzifh (4)tHhMobG,f &mrsm;tm;jzifhESifh (5)wavQmufvHk;0dnmOfawmfwefcdk;tm;jzifh/ # 5ESifhqdkifí rluGJvuffa&;usrf;wpfrsdK;taMumif; rSwfpkwpfck&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm ]]0dnmOfawmf (MS B) ESifh qdkifonf/ tcsdKU*&drl&if;pmrsm;ü ]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf}} (MSS A.D) aygif; xnfhum tcsdKUürI ]]bk&m;ocif\0dnmOfawmf}} [líjzpfonf/ (MSS P46, N, D2) þodkYtrsdK;rsdK; uGJjym;aeonfhenf;wl þjznfhpGufrI (odkY) 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaom&Sif;vif;csufuav; xnfhoGif;csufwkdYonfusrf;ydk'f\or®mw&m;udkrxdcdkufacs/ 4if;rSmusrf;pmul;q&mwdkYonfor®m usrf; ta&;tom;tm;tqifhjr§ifhwifay;&eftm;xkwfavh&SdMuyHkwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ UBS4 onf ]]bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOf}} tm; ]]C}} tqifh (qHk;jzwf&eftvGefcufcJ) owfrSwfonf/

15;18 ]]wyg;trsdK;om;wdkYtm;...emcHap}} bk&m;ocif\&nf&G,fyef;wdkifrSmrdrd\ Muiftifvu©Pmudk ay:vGifapaomvlrsm;jzpfavh&Sdonf/ a,½I\{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf urÇmOD;ckxJuusqif;rlü aysmufuG,foGm;cJh&aombk&m;ocif\ oP²mefawmfudkjyefvnfazmfaqmifonf/ bk&m;ocifESifh&if;ESD; uRrf;0ifaomrdwfo[m,onfbk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaomtusifhp½dkuftm;jzifhay:vGifxif&Sm;onf/ c&pf,mef \&nf&G,fcsufyef;wdkifrSmbk&m;ocifESifh rdwfo[m,jyKjcif;ESifh ,cküyifc&pfawmfESifhwljcif;jzpfonf/ ]]EIwftm;jzifhjzpfap? tjyKtrltm;jzifhjzpfap}} 4if;onfa&mrNrdKUc&pf,mefrsm;\emcHrIr[kwfbJaygvk \trIawmfvkyfief;udkajymonf/ 4if;onfti,f 19 üazmfjyaom0dnmOfawmf\wefcdk;ESifh qufpyfonf/ 15;19 ]]tHhMobG,f&mrsm;ESifhedrdwfvu©Pmrsm;}} þa0g[m&ESpfckwkdYrSmwrefawmf0w¬KürMumcP twloHk;avh&Sdum (wref 14;8-10/ 16;16-18? 25? 26/ 20;9-12/ 28;8-9) {0Ha*vdw&m;ü bk&m; ocif\wefcdk;tvkyfvkyfyHkudkazmfjyonf (2aum 12;12)/ 4if;pum;vHk;ESpfvHk;rSmt"dyÜm,fwloa,mif&Sd onf/ twdtusrSmtHhMobG,f&m(odkYr[kwf) vlrsm;ajymif;vJoGm;Mujcif;b,f[mjzpfaMumif;raocsmacs/ aemufwzefþae&müvnf;4if;onfaygvk\wrefawmft&mESifhqdkifí wif;rmrI&SdaMumif;t&dyft>rufjy jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ bk&m;ocifonfq,fhESpfyg;wkdYvkyfonfht&mudk a,½k&SvifjrdKUütwnfjyKcJhonfh enf;wlwyg;trsdK;rsm;twGif;aygvk\tvkyfudkvnf;jrifEdkifaom edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;jzifhtwnfjyKonf/

]]c&pfawmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;udktukeftpifa[majymcJhNyD/}} 4if;rSm pleroo \PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ (ti,f 14) 4if;onfajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufa'oü{0H a*vdw&m; a[m&ef wm0efNyD;pD;cJhNyDjzpfonf[kaygvk,HkMunfonfqdkaomoabmoufa&mufonf/ (i,f 23)/

]]£vk&dwfjynfwdkifatmif}} a&mre,fwe,fjzpfNyD;'rm&d - Dalmatia e,f[kvnf;ac:onf/ *&d uRef;qG,f (rmau'dkeD;,m;) taemufajrmufydkif;at&pf (Adriatic) yifv,f\ta&SUzufüwnf&Sdonf/

434

þa'oüaygvkkw&m;a[mcJhaMumif; wrefawmf0w¬Kü razmfjycJhbl;aomfvnf; þae&mürlajymygonf (20;1-2)/ odkYr[kwf ]]e,fajrü}} [kqkdvdkjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ 15;20 ]]odkYjzifh...c&pfawmf\emrawmftm;rMum; bl;aomt&yfwkdYü {0Ha*vdw&m;a[m&efjyif;jy pGmqE´&Sdonf}} 4if;rSmwavQmufvHk;aygvk\ omoemjyKvkyfief;enf;AsL[mjzpfavh&Sdonf/ (1aum 3;10/ 2aum 10;15-16)/ olonfowif;aumif;Mum;&efESifh vufcH&eftcGifhta&;r&cJhbl;ol omoemyvlrsm;tm;{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[majymvdkonf/ olonfr[mAsL[musaoma&mr tifyg ,mtwGif;BuD;rm;aom? NrdKUBuD;rsm;udka&G;cs,favh&Sdonf/ taMumif;rSmywf0ef;usife,frsm;üowif; aumif;jyefYEHSapum? wynfhawmfjzpfapEdkif&efjzpfonf/

15;21 4if;rSm Septuagint \a[&Sm, 52;15 rSudk;um;csufjzpfNyD; bk&m;ociftaMumif;wyg; trsdK;om;rsm;Mum;&jcif;taMumif;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ aygvkonfþtem*wådpum;udk rdrdomoemjyK vkyfief;\r[mAsL[mtjzpfoHk;onf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;22-29 22 þtaMumif;aMumifh oif wkdYqDigvm&efrMumcPwm;qD;cH&onf/ 23 odkYaomf,ckürlþe,fajrrsm;üaemufxyfe,fajr rusefawmhojzifhoifwdkYqDvmcsifonfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;ujzpfonf/ 24 pydefEdkifiH odkYigoGm;onfhtcg? oifwkdYqDudkvmum? oifwkdYESi fh twltawmftwefaeNyD;vQif? xdkt&yf odkYigoGm;&mwGif oifwkdY\ulnDrI&&Sd&efarQmfvifhonf/ 25 ,ckürloefY&Sif;olwdkYudkulnD&ef a,½k&SvifNrdKUodkYigoGm;OD;rnf/ 26 taMumif;rSma,½k&SvifNrdKUü oe fY&Sif;olrsm;teuf qif;&J aomolrsm;tm;rmaua'gedESi fh tcg,jynfom;wdkYonftultnDay;vdkMuonf/ 27 [kwfyg onf/ olwdkYxdkodkYvkyfvkdpdwf& SdMuum? olwdkYay:a<u;wifolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ taMumif; rSmwyg;trsdK;om;wkdYonfolwdkY\0dnmOfa&;udp öudka0rQ&&SdMuonfqdkvQif? olwkdYonf rdrdwdkY \ypönf;Opömrsm;jzifholwkdYudktvkyf tauR;jyK&ef ta<u;wif&SdMuonf/ 28 xkdYaMumifhþudpö igjznfhqnf;ay;um? olwdkY\þtoD;tay:ig\wHqdyf cyfESdyfNyD;vQifoi fwkdYbufvrf;udkvkduf ípydefjynfodkYigoGm;rnf/ 29 oifwkdYqDigvmaomtcgc&pfawmf\aumif;BuD;r*Fvmtjynfhjzifh a&mufvm rnfudkigod\

15;22 ]]þtaMumif;aMumifh}} þtaMumif;ti,f 20 ü&Sif;vif;onf/  ]]rMumcPwm;qD;cH&onf}} 4if;rSm IMPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ olxyfcgwvJvJwm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;cH&onf (1;13)/ taMumif;&if;razmfjyacs/ 4if;rSmbk&m; ocifjzpf Edkifonf/ pmwefraumif;aomvlrsm; (odkY) tjcm;aomowif;aumif; a[m&eftcGifhaumif;rsm;jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkonfa&mrMo0g'pmudk rdrdaum&dEÅKNrdKUüaepOfa&;om;jcif;jzpfaMumif;owd&yg/ aygvkonf rdrdpDpOfxm;aomc&D;pOfrsm;twdkif;? roGm;EdkifcJhojzifhaum&dEÅKNrdKU&Sd olYtm;qefYusifolrsm;uwdkufcdkufMu onf/ aum&dEÅKtoif;awmftwGif;rSwdkufcdkufrIrsm;onfaygvkudktrSefyifxdcdkufoGm;onf/ rdrdc&D;pOfrsm; xyfcgwvJvJwm;qD;ydwfyifcH&yHktm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

15;23

]]odkYaomf,ckürlþe,fajrrs m;üaemufxyfe,fajrrusefawmh}}

þtaMumif;udk tm&Srdkif;em; (0g) ajrxJyifv,fta&SUzufe,fajrtjzpfa'ouefYowf&efjzpfonf/ aygvkonfþa'orsm;\ae&m wdkif;? vlwdkif;tm;w&m;a[mcJhjcif;r[kwfbJ? a'otcsdKU? vlYtcsdKUtm;a[majymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/  ]]oifwdkYqDvmcsifonfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;ujzpf}} \/ aygvkonfa&mrNrdKUodkY oloGm; vkdaMumif;rMumcPazmfjyonf/ (1;10-15/ wref 19;21/ 23;11)/ UBS4 \pDppfrI atmufajcrSwfpküryg0ifaom rsdK;uGJ*&dvufa&;usrf; wpfckþtcsufü&Sd onf/ *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonf MSS P46, Aleph, A, D, F, G & L wkdYü ti,f 22 üoHk;aom ]]trsm;tjym;}} (polus) pum;vHk;yg&Sdaomfvnf; MSS B, C & P wdkYü ]]tawmfrsm;rsm;}} several (ikanos) [líyg&Sdonf/ aemufydkif; usrf;ul;q&mrsm;onfaygvk\ tvGeftuRH ajymqdkrIudk pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf MuonfESifh wlygonf/ 15;24 ]]pydefEdkifiHodkYigoGm;onfhtcg}} aygvkonfa&mrtifyg,m\ taemufbufe,frsm;odkYoGm;vdk onf/ (2aum 10;16) wrefawmf0w¬KtqHk;wGifa&mrNrdKUütusOf;uscH&mr olvGwfajrmufumpwkw¬ tBudrfajrmufomoemjyKc&D;pOfxGufcJhonf/ oif;tkyfMo0gpmrsm; (1wdarmao? 2wdarmaoESifh wdwk) ukdxdkpOfua&;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tcsdKU*&dpmvHk;BuD;usrf;rsm;jzpfon Aleph, C ESifh Latin Vulgate, Coptic bmomjyefusrf;wdkYüþae&mwGif ]]a*gvfjynf (Gaul)}} [kyg&Sd&m 2wd 4;10 onf þtaMumif;&nfñGef; jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ yxr&mpkrukefrDpma&;aom Clement of Rome (Ad Cor 5:7) onfrdrd\ ]]aum&dEÅKNrdKU odkYay;pm}} 5;7 üaygvkonf ]]taemufzufodkYrjzpfraeoGm;vdkonf}} [ktcdkiftrmazmfjyonf/  ]]xdkt&yfodkYoGm;&mwGifoifwkdY\ulnDrI&&Sd}} c&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;vmolomoemjyKq&mrsm;tm; olwdkYoGm;&eft&yfrsm;odkYtultnDay;aom toif;awmfrsm;twGif;þpum;pkrSm oHk;aeustoHk;tEIef; jzpfvmonf/ (wrefawmf 15;3/ 1aum 16;6?11/ 2aum 1;16/ wdwk 3;13/ 3a,m6)/ a,½k&Svif toif;awmfrSrydkYEkdifaomfvnf; taemufydkif;odkYaygvkomoemjyKc&D;oGm;jcif;twGufrIolwdkYonfaiGaMu; axmufyHhEdkifMuvdrfhrnf/

15;25 ]]oefY&Sif;olwdkYudk ulnD&ef}} þpum;vHk;ukd &HyHkaiG&Smjcif; udpöüoHk;avh&Sdygonf/ (i,f 31/ 1aum 16;15/ 2aum 8;4/9;1)/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / oefY&Sif;olrsm;1;7üMunfhyg/ 15;26 ]] a,½k&SvifNrdKUoefY&Sif;olrsm ;teuf qif;&Jolrsm;tm; ...... ulnD}} aygvkonf þtvSL aiGaumufcHrIudkESpfaygif;tawmfrsm;rsm;rSpí (1) *vmwdESifh tm&Srdkif;em;a'orS (1aum 16;1-4) vnf;aumif; (2) rmaua'gedESi tcg,jynfwkdYrSvnf;aumif; (2aum&dEÅK 8-9) &&SdvmcJhonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Koinōnia 12;13 ü Munfhyg/) olonfxdktBuHudk tEÅDtkwfNrdKUrS&cJh jcif;jzpfonf/ (wref 11;30/ 12;25)/ 4if;rSmueOD;toif;awmf\ awmifyHESpf&yfjzpfaom*sL;ESifh wyg; trsdK;om;wkdYtMum;nDñGwfrItwGufulnD&efjzpfonf/ wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfrsm;onfxdkodkYjyK&jcif; tm; ]]0rf;ajrmufMuonf}} [kazmfjyonf/ (ti,f 26?27)/ atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / tiwfab; 1/ tzGifhrdwfquf u/ tiwfab;onfvlom;ESifh zefqif;jcif;\usqif;aomtajctaeudktNrJowd&apaomtcsufwpf ckjzpfonf/

tiwfab;onfqdk;oGrf;rIESifh 'ku©qif;&JcHjcif;\rsufESmpmwpfckjzpfonf/ 4if;\taMumif;&if; rSmbk&m;ocifaMumifhr[kwfbJ? vlom;aMumifhjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\y#dnmOfcHvlrsdK; awmftm;qkcs&ef (0g) 'Pfcwf&efpdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&maumif;csD;r*Fvm (odkY) usdefqJjcif; tr*Fvm udkoHk;cJhaomfvnf; (w&m;a[m 27-28) 4if;rSma,bk,stm;jzifh ,HkMunfolrsm;üxdkodkYr[kwfacs/ (róJ 5;45)/ tiwfab;onf ½kyf0g'Dvlom;rsm;\avmbESifh twåqefjcif;\tjcm;jy,k*f wpfckjzpfonf/ tiwfab;onftpm;tpmqdkif&m jyóemoufoufr[kwfbJ vlom;rsm;\jyKrl &jcif;\ taMumif;w&m;ESifhOD;pm;ay;t&m rsm;ESifhqdkifonf/

*/ tiwfab;onfbk&m;ocif\ arwåmawmfudkjyoa&;twGufa&G;cs,fcHvlom;rsm;\tcGifhaumif; wpf&yfjzpfonf/ toif;awmfESifh avmuBuD;\½kyfydkif;qkdif&mvdktyfrIrsm;tay:,HkMunfolrsm; \wHkYjyefrIrsm;onf rdrdwkdYrnfoljzpfaMumif; urÇmBuD;tm;jyoonf/

2/ or®musrf;pmxJtaMumif;t&mrsm; u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;

1/ arma&S

(u) a&S;acwftpöa&;\q,fbkdYwpfbkdYtvSLay;&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;oHk;ckteufwpfckrSm qif;&Jom;rsm;twGufjzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m 14;28-29)/

(c) ynwådusrf;üqif;&Jom;rsm;pm;&ef txl;axmufyHhrIrsm;&Sdonf/ xGuf 23;11/ 0wfjyK 19;10/ 23;22/ w&m;a[m 24;19-22/

(*) ynwdåusrf;onf qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf wefbdk;enf;,ZfylaZmfrIrsm;txl; jyifqifay; onf/ (0wfjyK 14;21)/

(C) tpöa&;onfr&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tay:oem;um rdrdwkdY\ pdwfESvHk;wHcg;zGifhay;&efjzpf onf/ (w&m;a[m 15;7-11/ a,mb 29;16/ 30;25/ 31;16-23)/

2/ ynmqdkif&musrf;rsm;ü

(u) qif;&Jom;rsm;udkulnDwwfolrsm;twGufomjzpfaomtxl;aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;&Sdonf/ (qmvH 41;4)/

(c) qif;&Jom;rsm;udk ulnDay;jcif;rSmbk&m;ocifudkulnDjcif;jzpfonf/ (okwåH 14;31/ 17;5/ 19;17)/

3/ ya&mzufusrf;rsm;ü

(u) vlrIa&;w&m; rQwrIESifh r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;tm;oemMuifemjcif; yHkpHrsdK;jzifholUtm; 0wfjyKudk;uG,f&ef bk&m;ocifrdefUqdkonf/ (a[&Sm 58;6-7/ rdu©m6;8)/

(c) bk&m;ocif\ owif;pum;jzpfaMumif;jyoaom edrdwfvu©PmwpfckrSm4if;udkqif;&J om;rsm;ESifh csdKUwJholrsm;xHa[majymjcif;jzpfonf/ (a[&Sm 61; 1-2)

(*) vlrIa&;qdkif&macgif;yHkjzwfrIrsm;udk bk&m;ocif\ya&mzufrsm;uqefYusif½HIUcsavh&SdMu onf/ (tmrkwf 2;6-8/ 5;10-13/ rdu©m)

c/ "r®opfusrf; 1/ c&pf0ifusrf;rsm;

(u) qif;&Jom;rsm;tm;ulnD&ef tBuHay;wdkufwGef;onf/ (rmuk 10;21/ vkum 3;11)/

(c) uRefawmfwkdYtay:vlrIa&;qdkif&mpD&ifcsufonf tjcm;olrsm;ay:a,½I\emrawmfjzifh cspfjcif;tay:tajcjyKonf/ trSefrSmtjcm;olrsm;udkulnDjcif;rSma,½Itm; ulnDjcif; jzpfonf/ (róJ 25;31-46)/

(*) rmuk 14;7 tm;a,½Ionf qif;&Jom;rsm;udk pdk;&drfaMumifhusrIcsdKUwJholjzpf aMumif;jyorItjzpfoHk;jcif;rSm BuD;rm;vSaomem;vnfrIvTJrSm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf a,½Itm;rnfonfht&mESihfrQ EdIif;ír&oljzpfaMumif;jyorIjzpfum? qif;&Jom;rsm;udk avQmhíajymjcif;r[kwfacs/

(C) a[&Sm, 61;1-2 onfbk&m;ocif\owif;awmfudkvufcHolwkdYonfvlrIa&;t&0dkif; y,fcHrnfjzpfaMumif;ay:vGifaponf/ (vkum 4;18/ 7;22/ 14;21)/

2/ aygvk

(u) a,½k&SifvifNrdKUtoif;awmf&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf cspfjcif;arwåmtxl;tvSLaiG wpfrsdK; taMumif;udkaygvkonfqD;&D;,m;jynfbEÅDtkwfNrdKUrS&&SdcJhonf/ (a&mr 15;26/ 1aum 16;1/ 2aum 8;4? 6? 19/ *vm 2)/

(c) aygvkonfaus;Zl;awmf? ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIwkdYudk tav;teufajymonf/ ({zuf 2;8-10)/

3/ ,mukyf ("r®opf\ynmusrf;)

(u) vlrIa&;odwwfjcif;r&SdbJ c&pfawmfrSwqifhbk&m;ocifudk,HkMunfjcif;rSma&m*gonfjzpf \/ (,mukyf 2;14-17)/

(c) olajymonfrSm tusifhrygaom ,HkMunfjcif;onfaoqHk;onf[líjzpf\/

4/ a,m[ef

(u) 1a,m[efMo0gpmü tckdiftrmajymonfrSmc&pf,mefjzpfaMumif;pdwfcs&rI rSm,HkMunfjcif; ESifh aqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzifh ajymif;vJaomb0toufwmay:tajcjyKonf[líjzpf\/ (1a,m 3;17-18)/

3/ ed*Hk;csKyf

u/ vlom;\qif;&J'ku©BuD;ESifh csdKwJhrIrsm;rSmvlom;\tjypfaMumifhjzpfonf/ tiwfab;ürsuf ESmpmtawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonf/

(1) rdkufrJaom tusifhtBuH (okwåH 19;15)/

(2) bk&m;ocif\ 'PfcwfrI (w&m;a[m 27-28)/

(3) 0dnmOfa&;&m trIaqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh qkdifonf (2aum 11;27)/

(4) vlrIqkdif&mtajctaersm; (avmbBuD;jcif;? t,ltqqdkif&mrsm;... pojzifh)

(5) ½kkyf0w¬Kqdkif&mtajctaersm; (tiwfab;? a&BuD;jcif;? rdkCf;oD;rsm; ... pojzifh) c/ bk&m;ocifonf vlrsm;udktrSefyif*½kpdkufonf/ olonfcsdKUwJholrsm;udktxl;wvnf cspfawmfrlonf/

*/ vufawGUaqmif&Gufaomtoif;awmfonfvlom;rsm;\vkdtyfrIrsm; (½kyfydkif;? 0dnmOfydkif;) jznfhqnf;&mü bk&m;ocifay;aomtajzjzpfonf/ (1) vludk,fwdkif wdkuf½dkufvkyfaqmifjcif; (2) toif;awmftaejzifh tpktaygif;ESifh aqmif&Gufjcif;

(3) tajymif;tvJjyK&ef EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;

C/ uREfkyfwkdYonf rdrdwkdY\,Ofaus;rIESifh vlwpfOD;csif;qdkif&mOD;pm;ay;rIrsm;udk wefbdk;jzwf &mwGifor®musrf;pm\ tvif;x tqHk;tjzwfjyKMu&ygrnf/ (2aum&dEÅK 8-9)/

i/ uREfkyfwkdYonfjynfwGif;jynfytoif;awmfESifh avmuxJvlom;rsm;\vkdtyfrIrsm;twGuf rdrdwdkY\ rsufvHk;rsm;? ESvHk;om;rsm;ESifh vufrsm;zGifhxm;& ygrnf/ p/ ulnDrI[lonf r[mapckdif;awmfrljcif;tvif;xJwGifc&pfawmftxJ&SdoluRefawmfwkdYESifh qufpyfae&ygrnf/ (róJ 28;18-20)/ tultnD[lonf½kyfydkif;? 0dnmOfydkif;ESpfrsdK; pvHk;twGufjzpf&ygrnf/

15;27 ]]qdkvQif}} 4if;rSmyxrwef;pm; cRif;csufyg 0gusrsdK;jzpfNyD;? pma&;oltjrifü rSefonf[k rSwf,laomt&m odkYr[kwf pma&;ol\a&;[efjzpfonf/ wyg;trsdK;wdkYonf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\ 0dnmOfaumif;csD;rsm;&&SdMuonfqdkvQif (a&mr 10-11) olwdkYonf a,½k&SvifNrdKU &dSrdciftoif; awmf\ ½kyfydkif;vkdtyfrIrsm;ulnDMu&rnfomjzpfonf/

15;28

NASB ]]þudpöjznfhqnf;ay;um? olwkdY\ þtoD;ay:ig \wHqdyfcwfESdyfcJhNyD;vQif}}

NKJV ]]þudpövkyfudkifaqmif&GufNyD;? þtoD; udkolwkdYxH wHqdyfcwfESdyfNyD;vQif}}

NRSV ]]þudpöNyD;atmif aqmif&Gufum? aumufcH&&Sdonfht&mudk olwdkYxHtyfESHcJhNyD;vQif}}

TEV ]]þwm0efudk igNyD;pD;um? aumufcJhor Q aiGtm;vHk;olwkdYudk tyfcJhNyD;onfhtcg}}

NJB ]]okdYjzifhþudpöNyD;pD;um? aumufcHonfht&mudk olwkdYvufxJtvkyfoabmt&tyfESHcJh NyD; onfhtcg}}

4if;rSm AORIST PARTICIPLE wpfckESifh AORIST MIDDLE PARITICPLE wpfckjzpfonf/ txkyfwpfxkwftm;txJxnfhxm;onfht&mrsm; vHkNcHKaMumif;aocsmap&ef wHqdyfESdyfjcif;udk&nfñTef;onf/

4if;rSmay;cJhorQaiGrsm;tm;vHk;ykdumvufcH&&Sdap&efaygvkoHk;aomenf;jzpfEdkifonf/ þudpöaocsmap&ef aygvkonftultnDay;aomtoif;awmfrsm;rSm udk,fpm;vS,ftcsdKUudkygac:oGm;onf/ (wrefawmf 20;4)/ ]]wHqdyf}} taMumif;txl;taMumif;t&m 4;11 üMunfhyg/ 15;29 *&dpum;vHk; Plēroō/plērōma udkjyefoHk;aMumif;rSwfom;yg/ ti,f 14 rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/

 ]]c&pfawmf\aumif;csD;r*Fvm}} 4if;onf{0Ha*vdowif;aumif;a[mMum;jcif;? oGefoifjcif;tm; jzifh&&Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmudk&nfñGef;onf/ 4if;onfqkawmif;csufoabmajymjcif;r[kwfacs/ þtaMumif;ydkíem;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ]]c&pfawmf\{0Ha*vdw&m;\aumif;csD;r*Fvm}} [l aompum;pkudktcsdKUa&SUa[mif;*&drl&if;pmrsm;üjznfhpGufMuonf/ (MSS Aleph2, NKJV)

ydkíwkdawmif;aom rl&if;pmudk MSS Aleph*, A, B, C, D, F, G, wdkYüawGU&onf/ UBS4 onfydkíwkdaompmudk ]] A }} (aocsm) tqifhowfrSwfonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 15;30-33

30 nDtpfudkwdkY? igESifhtwlBudK;pm;um? igtwGufbk&m;ocifxHqkawmif;ay;ygrnf taMumif;? igwkdY\ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfESifh 0dn mOfawmf\cspfjcif;arwåmtm;jzifhoifwdkYudk ig wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf\/ 31 ,k'jynf&Sd remcHolwkdYvufrS igonfu,fEIw fjcif;&rnftaMumif;ESifh a,½k&SvifNrdKUtwGuf ig\aqmif&Gufr IonfoefY&Sif;olwdkYtwGufvufoifhcHEdkifbG,f&mjzpf aMumif; aocsmap&efESifh 32 igonfbk&m;ocif\tvdkawmftm;jzifhoifwkdYxH0rf;ajrmufpGmvm a&mufum? oifwkdYESifh t wlaygif;azmfjcif;tm;jzifhjyefvnftm;jynfhum? tem;&ygrnftaMumif; wnf;/ 33 Nidrfoufjcif;\ bk&m;ocifonfoifwkdY taygif;ESifh twl&Sdawmfrlapownf;/ tmrif/

15;30 ]]igESifh twlBudK;pm;ygrnfta Mumif; ... igwkdufwGef;EId;aqmf\}} 4if;wdkYrSm tm;aumif;aom *&da0g[m&rsm;jzpfonf/ yxra0g[m&u a*oa&SrefO,smOfü a,½IBudK;pm;½kef;uef;pOfüvnf;oHk;yg onf/ 'kwd,a0g[m&udk 12;1 üvnf;oHk;ygonf/ aygvkonfrdrdudk,fwdkifESifh {0Ha*vdtrIawmftwGuf vkdtyfyHkukdtav;teufcHpm;od&Sdonf/ (2aum 1;11/ {zuf 6;18-20/ aum 4;3/ 1ouf 5;25/ 2ouf 3;1)/ cufcJrnfjzpfaMumif;a,½k&SvifNrdKUolYtawGUtBuHKt&aocsmaeonf/ (i,f 31)/ a&mrNrdKU odkYola&muf&SdoGm;cJhaomfvnf;olxifcJhaomenf;vrf;rsdK;jzifhrIr[kwfcJhacs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / Mum; 0ifqkawmif;ay;jcif; - 9;3 üMunfhyg/ 15;30-33 aygvk\ qkawmif;csufonf tvdkqE´oHk;ckazmfjyonf/

1/ ,k'jynf&SdolU&efolrsm;vufrS u,fEIwfjcif;&&SdEdkif&ef (wrefawmf 20;22-23)

2/ wyg;trsdK;om;toif;awmfrsm;rS vufaqmifudk a,½k&Sviftoif;awmfonf aumif;rGefpGmvufcHap&ef (wrefawmf 15;1/ 21;17)

3/ xdkYaemufürl pydefEdkifiHodkYoGm;&mü a&mrNrdKUodkY oGm;a&mufvnfywf&ef/ 15;30 ]]igESifhtwlBudK;pm;um}} þa0g[m&udk "r®opfusrf;ü þae&mwGifomoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm sun pum;vHk; (twlwuG) ESifh agonizomai (NydKifqdkifwkdufcdkuf? pdwfxufoefpGmtm;xkwf 1aum 9;25/ aum 1;29/ 4;12/ 1wd 4;10/ 6;12) wkdYudkaygif;pyfaompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ þjyif;xefaom INFINITIVE pum;vHk;onfwyg;trsdK;om;rsm;\ tvSLudka,½k&SvifNrdKU rdcif toif;awmfonfvufcHEdkif&ef aygvkESifh twl'ku©cHum qkawmif;&efa&mrtoif;awmftm; ac:zdwfjcif;jzpfonf/

15;31 ]] remcHolwdkY}} 4if;onf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\qefYusifrI (0g) *sL;bmom0ifwkdYudk&nfñGef;NyD;? a,bk,stm;jzifh toif;awmfudk &nfñGef;jcif;r[kwfacs/ (11;30?31)/

15;32 aygvk\qkawmif;wifjycsufonf aemufxyftcsufESpfcsufjzifhtqHk;owfonf/ (1) 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;ompGmolwkdYqDvmEdkif&efESifh (2) olwkdYESifhtwlem;em;aeae aejzpfygrnftaMumif;jzpfonf/ þpum; vHk; (AORIST MIDDLE [Deponent] Sunanapauomai) \ SUBJUNCTIVE udk"r®opfusrf;wGif þ ae&müomoHk;aomfvnf; a[&Sm, 11;6 ürloHk;ygonf/ aygvkonf ti,f 12

ü a[&Sm, 11;1?10 udkudk;um;onf/ aygvkonf&ifhusufaom,HkMunfolrsm;xHNidrf0yfpGmtem;&um? jyefvnftm;jynfhvm&ef tcsdefwpfckvkdtyfaeygonf/ (2aum 4;7-12/ 6;3-10/ 11;23-33) odkYaomf4if;udkolr&&SdcJh&Smacs/ zrf;qD;jcif;? ppfaq;jcif;ESifh ESpfESifhcsDumtusOf;cscH&jcif;wkdYonf ygvufpwdkif;üolYtm;apmifhqdkif;vsuf &Sdaeygaumvm;¿ þtcef;i,fürluGJvufa&;usrf;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ 15;33 ]] Nidrfoufjcif;\bk&m;ocif }} 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ thHMop&mbGJUemrawmfjzpfonf/ (16;20/ 2aum 13;11/ zd 4;9/ 1ouf 5;23/ 2ouf 3;16/ a[NAJ 13;20)/  ]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25 üMunfhyg/

aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;

þpmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefr tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonf rSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onfrdrd&½Sd aomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkif or®musrf;pmESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm; tay:üomyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd \taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyefusrf; ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsufjzpf onf/ 4if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\ t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;? pmydk'fütaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

1/ yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmykd'f

wwd,pmydk'f

---- pojzifh

1/ "r®opf,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;onfrnfodkYtusdK;&Sdoenf;¿ (i,f 4-5/ 1aum 10;6? 11¿

2/ aygvkonf ti,f 9-12 ütb,fhaMumifh"r®a[mif;usrf;udkudk;um;oenf;¿ 4if;usrf;ydk'fwkdY onf BuD;rm;aomrnfonfh or®mw&m;rsm;oGefoifoenf;¿

3/ a&mrMo0g'\ þtydkif;wGif*sL;ESifh wyg;trsdK;rsm;tMum;wif;rmrI b,fae&müay:aejcif;jzpf Edkifoenf;¿

4/ a&mrMo0g'pm\ þtydkif;wGifaygvk\ wrefawmft&m taMumif;wif;rmrI b,fae&müay:ae oenf;¿

5/ a,½k&SvifNrdKUtoif;awmftwGuf wyg;trsdK;rsm;vSL'gef;Mujcif;twGufaygvk\ taMumif;jy csufrSmtb,fenf;¿ (i,f 15-28) 6 aygvk\omoemvkyfief;r[mAsL[mrSm tb,fenf;¿ tb,faMumifhpydefjynfodkY oloGm;csif oenf;¿

441

7/ aygvkonf rdrdtvkyfrSm ,Zfyka&m[dwftvkyfuJhodkYjzpfaMumif;ESifh (i,f 16) 4if;onf ,Zfyka&m [dwfrsm;\EdkifiHjzpfaomtpöa&;ESifhjzpfap (xGuf 19;5-6) odkYr[kwf toif;awmfESifh (1ay 2;5? 9/ Asm 1;6) jzpfaprnfuJhodkYtb,faMumifh qufpyfonf[kazmfjyMuoenf;¿ 8/ bk&m;ocifonf ti,f 30-33 uaygvk\qkawmif;csufudk tajzay;cJhygovm;¿

a&mr 16

acwfopfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;\pmydk'fcGJrsm; UBS4

NKJV NRSV TEV NJB

EIwfqufpum; ESrzdaAudk EIwfqufjcif; EIwfqufjcif; EIwfqufjcif;ESifh axmufcHjcif; arwåmydkYjcif; 16;1-2 16;1-2 16;1-2 16;1-2 16;1-2 a&mroefY&Sif;ol rsm;tm;EIwfqufjcif; 16;3-16 16;3-16 16;3-16 16;3-16 16;3-16 16;5-7 16;5-16 16;8-11 16;12-15 16;16

uGJjym;apoludk aemufqHk;rdefY owday;jcif;ESifh a&Smif rmcsufrsm; yxrjznfhpGufpum; 16;17-20 16;17-20 16;17-20 16;17-20 aygvkrdwfaqGrsm; 16;17-21 \EIwfqufpum; 16;21-23 16;21-24 16;21 16;21-23 16;22 16;22 16;23 16;23 bkef;awmfbGJU aumif;csD;ay;jcif; csD;rGrf;í bkef;awmfbGJU tydwfqkawmif; 16;25-27 16;25-27 16;25-27 16;25-26 16;25-27 16;27

taMumhvdkufzwf½Ijcif; (pm Viii ü Munfhyg)/ rl&if;pma&;ol\pmykd'ftvdkuf&nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnfjcif; þpmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefr tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonf rSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onfrdrd&½Sd aomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkif or®musrf;pmESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm; tay:üomyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd \taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyefusrf; ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsufjzpf onf/ 4if;rSm teufzGifhjcif;\ t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckonf taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;? pmydk'fütaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

yxrpmydk'f

'kwd,pmykd'f

wwd,pmydk'f 4/ ---- pojzifh

ti,f 1;27 tm;usrf;pum;tquftpyfjzifh em;vnf&jcif;/ u/ þaemufqHk;ydwfu@müyg&Sdol trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;rSm {0Ha*vdw&m;ü aygvk\ vkyfazmfudkif zufrsm;jzpfaMumif;rSwfom;yg/ (zd 4;3)/ zdaA i,f 1/ jypfudv-i,f3/ rm&d-i,f6/ ,ked-i,f 7/ w½kzJeESifh w½kazgo-i,f 12/ ay&od-i,f12/ ]]ol\trd}} i,f 13/ ,kvd -i,f15 ESifh ]]olYESr}} -i,f 15/ trsdK;orD;u@mü 0g'pGJr&SdygESifh/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;qkaus;Zl;&&Sdonf (1aum 12;7?11)/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;tcsdefjynfhtrIawmfaqmifrsm; jzpfonf/ ({zuf 4;12)/ þpm&if;üoif;axmuftrsdK;orD;zdAd&Sdonf/ trsdK;orD;wrefawmfjzpfEdkifaomf,ked (a,m v 2;28/ wref 2;16-21)/ þudpötm;or®musrf;pmenf;usudkifwG,f&efcufcJonf/ tb,f aMumifhqdkaomfuGJjym;ae[ef&Sdaomfvnf; ESpfckpvHk;trSefjzpfaomaygvk\uGJjym;onfh 1aum 11; 4-5 ESifh14;34 wkdYuJhodkYaomazmfjyrIrsm;&Sdonf/

c/ þemrnfrsm;üjzpfEdkifajc½SdaomrsdK;EG,fqdkif&maemufcHrsm;yg½Sdonf/

1/ ,HkMunfol*sL;rsm;/ / tmukv (Aquila)? jypfudv (Prisca)? ta`E´medwf (Andronicus)? ,ked (Junias)? rm&d (Mary) «tcsdKUvufa&;usrf;rsm;ürd&d,HMariam»

2/ a&mr*kPfoa&½Sdrdom;pkemrnfrsm;/ / jypfudv(Prisca)? trÜvd (Ampliatus)? tayv (Apelles)? emudok(Narcissus)?,kvd(Julia)?zdavmvkyf(Philologus)

3/ *sL;*kPfoa&½Sd rdom;pkemrnfrsm;/ / tm&dawåmAkvk (Aristobulus)? a[a&m'sLef (Herodion)/

*/ ti,f 1-16onfwpfOD;csif;tm;aygvkEIwfqufpum;ajymjcif;jzpfum ti,f 17-20 rSmrl q&m orm;twkta,mifrsm;tm;aemufqHk;ydwfowday;jcif;jzpfonf/ ti,f 21-23rSm aum&dEÅKjrdKUrS omoemjyKtzGJU\EIwfqufpum;jzpfonf/

C/ tcef;MuD; 16 tm;ydkíem;vnfEdkif&ef F.F.Bruce a&;om;onfh Tyndal New Testament

Commentary rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljzpfonf/ þtcef;MuD;ü ygaomemrnfrsm; taMumif;tao; pdyfavhvmvdkygu xdkpmtkyf\pmrsufESm 266-284 üzwfyg/ i/ þMo0g'pmrnfonfhae&mü tqHk;owfaMumif;oHo,0ifp&mwcsdKU½Sdonf/ *&da½S;a[mif;vuf a&;usrf;rsm;ütqHk;owfpum;rsm;onf tcef;MuD; 14tjyD;üjzpfap? 15tjyD;ESifh tcef;BuD; 16 tjyD;wdkYüyg½Sdaeonf/ (MS P46) rnfodkYjzpfapxHk;wrf;pOfvmtydwfpum; 16;25-27 onf MSS ESifh P61, Aleph, B, C ESifh D wdkYrSmenf;wl Clement of Rome (A.D.95) oHk;onfh*&drl&if;pmwdkYüyg½Sd aMumif;awGU&onf/ ti,f24onfydkíapmaom*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;jzpfonfh P46, P61, Aleph, A, B, C tygt0if Vulgate (odkY) Origen of Alexandria oHk;onfh*&drl&if;pmwdkUürygacs/ þuGJ

jym;rIrsm;taMumif; tjynfhtpHkaqG;aEG;rIudk Bruce M. Metzger \ A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. Pp.533-536 üMunfhyg/ pum;vHk;ESifhpum;pkavhvmrI

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 16;1-2

1uifajcNrdKU½Sdtoif;awmf\ tapcHwpfOD;jzpfoligwdkYESr zdaAudkoifwdkYxHigaxmufcHcsuf ay;\/ 2oefY½Sif;olrsm;\xdkufwefrIjzifh olrudkocifbk&m;üoifwdkYvufcHum? olrtwGufoifwdkY vdktyforQüolrudkoifwdkUulnDEdkif&efjzpf\/ taMu mif;rSmolronfvlrsm;pGmESifhigh udk,fwdkif udkulnDoljzpf\/

16;1 ]]oifwkdYxHigaxmufcHcsufay;\}} ti,f1-2rSmoif;axmuftrsdK;orD;jzpfol zdaAtm; axmufcHaompmjzpfonf/ olronfaygvk\þMo0g'pmudk a&mrNrdKUodkY,lvmjcif;jzpfaumif;jzpfay rnf/ or®opfusrf;üþuJhokdYaomaxmufcHpm (odkY) rdwfqufpmrsdK;tawmfawmfrsm;rsm;yg&Sdonf/ (wref awmf 18;27/ 1aum 16;3/ 2aum 3;1/ 8;18-24 ESifh zd 2;19-30)/ ]]zdaA}} olremrnf\t"dyÜm,frSm ]]awmufyonf}} (0g) ]]ta&mifjzmxGufonf}}[líjzpf\/

NASB,NKJV ]]toif;awmf\tapcHwpfOD;jzpfol}}

NRSV ]]toif;awmf\oif;axmufwpfOD;jzpfol}}

TEV ]]toif;awmf&SdtapcHol}}

NJB ]]toif;awmf\oif;axmufrwpfOD;}} 4if;rSm diakonos ac:pum;vHk;jzpfonf/ ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR FEMININE yHkpHjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmtrIawmfxrf;^tapcHtwGuf*&dpum;vHk;jzpfonf/ (1)c&pfawmfü 15;8/ rmuk 10;45 wdkYüoHk; onf/ (2) aygvkü {zuf 3;7/ aum 1;23?25 ESifh (3) oif;axmuf vlBuD;rsm;tjzpf zd 1;1/ 1wd 3;11 wdkYüoHk;onf/ oif;axmuftrsdK;orD;rsm; tjzpfoHk;aMumif;taxmuftxm;rsm; "r®opfusrf;ESifh or®musrf;pm a&;om;jyD;pD;oGm;csdefueOD;umv ta&;tom;rsm;üawGU&onf/"r®opfusrf;xJüawGU& onfha'oEÅ& toif;awmfwGif;trsdK;orD;rsm;\ Oyrmwpf&yfudkoif;tkyfMo0g'pmrsm;& ]rkqdk;rrsm; pm&if;jzpfonf/ (1wd3;11/ 5;3-16) bmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzpfaom RSV, Amplified ESifh Philips wdkYü 16;1wGif ]oif;axmufr} [kyg½Sdonf/ NASB ESifh NIV wdkYonf4if;udkatmifajcrSwfpküazmfjyonf/ NEB onf ]]&mxl;&Sdol}} Who hold office [kbmomjyefonf/ ,HkMunfoltm;vHk; zdwffac:cHolrsm;? qkvufaqmif& ½Sdolrsm;ESifh tcsdefjynfhtrIawmfxrf;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ ({zuf 4;12) tcsdKUwdkYudkacgif;aqmifwm0eftwGuf ac:onf/ rdrdwdkY\ tpOftvmonf or®musrf;pmudk ae&may;&ayrnf/ þueOD;oif;axmufrsm;ESifh oif;axmuftrsdK;orD;wdkYrSmtapcHrsm;omjzpfjyD; tvkyftrIaqmift&m½Sdrsm;r[kwfMuacs/

M. R.Vincent \ Word Studies, twGJ 2? pm 752 ESifh 1196 ü ajymonfrSm'kwd,&mpkaemuf ydkif; (odkY) wwd,&mpktapmydkif;umv wrefawmfrsm;\

tkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'-Apostolical Constitutions ütoif; awmfudkulnDaomtrsdK;orD;rsm;\wm0efESifh cefYtyfjcif;udkazmfjyonf/

1/ oif;axmuftrsdK;orD;rsm;

2/ rkqdk;rrsm;(1wd 3;11/5;9-10)

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / or®mus rf;pmxJutrsdK;orD;rsm; 1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;

3/ tysdKpifrsm;(wref 21;9 ESifh 1aum 7;34)vnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ yg0ifaomwm0efrsm;

u/ xHk;wrf;pOfvmtm;jzifhtrsdK;orD;rsm;udkypönf;OpömuJhodkYrSwf,lonf/

(1) ypönf;Opömpm&if;üyg0ifonf (xGuf 20;17)

1/ vlemrsm;jyKpka&Smufjcif;

(2) uReftrsdK;orD;rsm;tm;jyKrlqufqHjcif; (xGuf 21;7-11)

2/ udk,fcE¨mtm;jzifhñSif;yef;ESdyfpufcHolrsm;tm;jyKpkapmifa&Smufjcif;

3/ ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifhtusOf;usolrsm;udkaxmif0ifpmawGUjcif;

(3) trsdK;orD;rsm;jyKaomuwdopömudkvlrIa&;t&wm0ef&SdoltrsdK;om; onfzsufodrf;Edkifonf/ (awmvnf 30)

4/ ,HkMunfoltopfrsm;ukdoGefoifjcif;

5/ trsdK;orD;rsm;udkESpfjcif;ay;&mwGifulnDay;jcif;

(4) trsdK;orD;rsm;rSmppfyGJrsm;rS odrf;ydkufaomvufOpömrsm; enf;wljzpfonf/ (w&m;a[m20;10-14/21;10-14)

6/ tcsdKUtrsdK;orD;oif;0ifolrsm;udkBuD;Muyfjcif;

c/ vufawGUtm;jzifhtjyeftvSefoabm&Sdonf/

(1) a,musfm;? rdef;rbk&m;ocif\oP²meftwdkif;zefqif;onf/(urÇmOD;1;26-27)

(2) zcifESifh rdcifudk *kPfjyKyg/ (xGuf 20;12/ w&m;a[m 5;16)

(3) zcifESifh rdcifudk av;pm;yg/ (0wfjyK 19;3/ 20;9)

(4) a,musfm;rsm;enf;wl rdef;rrsm;onfvnf;bk&m;ociftwGuf oD;oefYcGJxm; aomemZ&dvljzpfapEdkifonf/ (awmvnf6;1-2)

(5) rdcifrsm;ü tarGqufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ (awmvnf 27;1-11

(6) y#dnmOfw&m;ü yg0ifMuonf/ (w&m;a[m29;10-12)

(7) zcifenf;wl rdcif\ oGefoifrIvdkufemyg/ (okwåH 1;8/ 6;20)

(8) a[ref\om;rsm;ESifhorD;rsm;onf (av0drdom;pk) AdrmefawmftwGif;aw; *DwbufüOD;aqmifMuonf/ (1&m 25;5-6)

(9) uyfumvopfüom;rsm;ESifh orD;rsm;ya&mzufjyKa[m ajymMuvdrfhrnf/ (a,mv 2;28-29)

*/ acgif;aqmiftrsdK;orD;rsm;

(1) arma&S\nDr rd&d,Hudkya&mzufr[kac:onf/ (xGuf 15;20-21/ rdu©m 6;4 udk vnfMunfhyg/)

(2) wJawmfüoHk;aom ypönf;rsm;&ufvkyf&ef trsdK;orD;rsm;udkbk&m;ocif uRrf;usifrI ay;onf (xGuf 35;25-26)/

(3) trsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfol a'aAm&onfvnf;ya&mzuf trsdK;orD;jzpfum (w&m; 4;4?5/ 5;7) tpöa&;trsdK;tm;vHk;acgif;aqmifrIay;oGm;cJhonf/ (w&m; 4;4-5/ 5;7)/

(4) [dk'vonf ya&mzufrwpfOD;jzpfum topfawGU&Sdaom]]ynwådusrf;}} udkzwfí teufjyef&efbk&ifBuD;a,m&Sdqifhac:jcif;cH&onf/ (4"r® 22;14/ 2&m 34;22-27)

(5)

bk&m;w&m;MunfndKol rdzk&m;BuD;{owmonfyg&Sm; (tD&ef) tifyg,m&Sd*sL; rsm;&Sdu,fwifonf/

2/ "r®opfusrf;

u/ *sL;bmomüjzpfap *&d-a&mrurÇmüjzpfaptrsdK;orD;wdkYonf tcGifhta&;tenf;tusOf;om& aom'kwd,wef;pm;EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfonf/(raua'gedrSvTJvQif)

c/ acgif;aqmifvkyfoltrsdK;orD;rsm;

1/ bk&m;w&m;Munfol{vdZbufESihfrm&dwkdY ESpfOD;pvHk;bk&m;ociftokH;jyKonf/(vkum1-2)

2/ bk&m;w&m;MunfndKoltEéonfAdr®mefawmfü bk&m;ocifudktapcHonf/ (vkum2;36)

3/ vk'donf,HkMunfolwpfOD;jzpfum aetdrftoif;awmfwpfckOD;aqmifonf/ (wref 16;14-40)

4/ zdvpf\orD;av;a,mufwdkYrSm trsdK;orD;ya&mzufrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (wrefawmf 21;8-9)

5/ zdaAonfuifajcNrdKUüoif;axmufrwpfOD;jzpfonf/(a&mr 16;1)

6/ jypfudv (Priscilla) onfaygvk\vkyfazmfudkifzufwpfOD;ESifhtmaygvk\q&mrjzpf onf/(wrefawmf 18;26/ a&mr 16;3)

7/ Mary-rm&d? Tryphaena -w½kzJ? Tryphosa -w½kazg? Persis -ay&od? Julia ,kvd? Nereus -ae½k \nDr? aygvk\vkyfazmfaqmifzufawmfawmfrsm; rsm;rSmtrsdK;orD;rsm;jzpfonf/ (a&mr 16;6-16)

8/ Junia (KJV) ,kedrSmtrsdK;orD;wrefawmfwpfOD;jzpfEdkifonf/ (a&mr 16;7)

9/ Euodia {a0g'dESifh Syntyche -okEÅKwfwkdYrSmaygvk\ vkyfazmfudkifzuf rsm; jzpfMuonf (zd 4;2-3)/

3/ acwfopf,HkMunfolwpfOD;onf or®musrf;pmxJ&SdOyrmtrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk rnfuJhodkYnd§,lrnfenf;¿ u/ rl&if;taMumif;t&mtwGufomjzpfaom ordkif;0iftjzpftysuf(0g)"avhxHk;wrff;qdkif&m or®mw&m;wpf&yfudktoif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf acwfumvwdkif;&Sd,HkMunfoltm;vHk; twGufw&m;0ifxm0&or®mw&m;ESifhrnfuJhodkYcGJ jcm;owfrSwfrnfenf;¿

1/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aomrl&if;pma&;olonf rnfonfht&majymvdkjcif;jzpfaMummif;tm; tvGefav;eufpGmoabmxm;&ygrnf/ or®musrf;pmonfbk&m;ocif\ EIwfxGufpum; jzpfum? ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh usifhoHk;jcif;twGuf wpfckwnf;aomt&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/

2/ ordkif;0ifay:vGifaom tjzpftysufrsm;udk tajccHaomrl&if;pmrsm;avhvm&ygrnf/ (u) tpöa&;\bmoma&;udk;uG,fjcif;yHkpHrsm; (Oyrm-bmoma&;qif,ifusif;yyHk ESifhbk&m;0wfjyKpmrsm;)/ (wref15/ *vm3)

(c) yxr&mpk ,k'bmom/

(*) 1aum&dEÅKMo0g'pmxJaygvk\ ordkif;0ifay:vGifaomtjzpftysufrsm;udktajccH onfh azmfjycsufrsm;/

(1) rdpäm0g'jzpfaom a&mr\w&m;Oya'pepf (1aum6)

(2) uReftjzpfqufvufaeoGm;jcif; (1aum 7;20-24)

(3) vufrxyfbJaeoGm;jcif; (1aum 7;1-35)

(4) tysdKpifrsm; (1aum 7;36-38)

(5) ½kyfwkudk;uG,f&m ,Zfaumif\tom; (1aum 8/ 10;23-33)

(6) yGJawmfr*Fvmü roifhavsmfaomtjyKtrlrsm; (1aum11)

3/ bk&m;ocifonf wpHkwckaomaeY&ufumvüwpHkwckaom,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pH twGif; rdrdudk,frdrd&Sif;vif;pGmzGifhjycJhonf/ zGifhjyawmfrljcif;udktav;teufjyK&rSmjzpfaomfvnf; 4if;\ordkif;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;yg0ifaomu@mwdkif;xdkodkYjyK&efr[kwfacs/ bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfw&m;udkwckaomtcsdefumvü&Sdonfh ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHtwGif; touf&Sif aexdkifolvlrsm;xHolwdkY\bmompum;jzifha&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ (c) or®musrf;enf;us teufjyefjcif;ürl&if;pma&;ol\BuH&G,fcsufudk&Sm&rnfjzpfonf/ olYacwfolY tcgürnfonfht&majymjcif;enf;¿ 4if;rSmaumif;rGefqDavsmfaom teufjyefjcif;\ tajccHtkwf jrpfESifh tjywfqHk;jzwfcsufay;aom t&mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf4if;udk ,aeY uRefawmfwkdY acwfumv twGuf toHk;jyK&ygrnf/ ,cktrsdK;orD;ESifh acgif;aqmifrIjyóem&Sdaeonf/ (þa0g[m&\ t"dyÜg,fudk teufjyefjcif; jyóemuyifowfrSwf ay;aejcif;jzpfedkifonf/ 4if;wdkYrSm oif;tkyfq&m tjyifacgif;aqmiftjzpf jrif&aomtjcm;trIawmfvkyfief;rsm;&Sdygovm;¿ trsdK;orD; oif;axmuf (0g) trsdK;orD;ya&mzufrsm;udk acgif;aqmifrsm;tjzpfjrif&ygovm;¿) vlxk0wfjyK pnf;a0;rsm;ü trsdK;orD;rsm; acgif;aqmifjcif; rjyK&aMumif; 1aum 14;34-35 ESifh 1wd 2;9-15wdkYü aygvk tcdkiftrmajymonfrSm &Sif;vif;vSonf/ odkYaomf,aeYumvü 4if;udk uREfkyfwdkYrnfodkY toHk;jyK oenf;¿ aygvk\"avhxHk;pH(okdYr[kwf) uREfkyf\ "avhxHk;pHon fbk&m;ocif\ EIwfxGufpum; ESifh tvkdawmfudkwdwfqdwfroGm;apvdkyg/ aygvk\acwfumvüuefYowfrIrsm;vGefNyD;uREfkyf\ acwfumvü rlzGifhay;rIrsm; vGef;aejcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ aygvkajympum;rsm;ESifh oGefoifrIwdkYrSmcRif; csufjzpfNyD; yxr&mpkESpfESifh qdkifaom a'oEÅ&tajctaeESifh qdkifaom or®mw&m;rsm;jzpfygonf [kajym&ef uREfkyftvGefyif roufrom cHpm;&ygonf/ uREkfyf\pdwf (odkYr[kwf) "avhxHk;pHtm; 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;cHpma&;olwpfa,mufESifh ñSdEdIif;rIjyK&atmifuREfkyfrSmrnfolenf;¿ rnfodkYjzpfaptrsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifrsm;&SdaeaMumif;tm;or®musrf;pmvmOyrmrsm;(aygvk\ pmrsm;üyif-a&mr16) &SdaepOf uREkfyfrnfodkYjyKrnfenf;¿ 4if;twGufaumif;aomerlemwpfckrSm 1 aum&dEÅK 11-14 twGif;vl xk0wfjyK pnf;a0;rsm;taMumif;aygvk\aqG;aEG;csufjzpfonf/ olonf 11;5 ü trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; olwdkY\acgif;udkzHk;uma[majymjcif;ESifh qkawmif;jcif;rsm;cGihfjyK onfESifh wlaomfvnf; 14;34-35 ürlolwdkYtm;Nidrfae&efawmif;qkdonf/ oif;axmufrrsm;ESifh (a&mr 16;1) ya&mzufrrsm;vnf;&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf21;9) þuJhodkY uGJjym;rI&Sdaejcif;aMumifh aygvk\ rSwfcsufcsrIrsm; (trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;uefYowfrIjyKjcif;ESifhqdkifí) onfyxr&mpkESpf aum&dEÅK NrdKYESifh{zufNrdKYwdkYü uefYowfrIjyK&efuREkfyfudk vGwfvyfoGm;apygonf/ xkdtoif;awmfESpf yg;pvHk;ütrsdK;orD;wdkYonfrdrdwdkYtopf&&SdaomvGwfvyfrItm;usifhoHk;&mü jyóemrsm;&Sdum (Bruce Winter \ After Paul Left Corinth) 4if;aMumifhtoif;awmfonf rdrdwdkYywf0ef;usiftm; c&pfawmftwGuf&&eftcuftcJawGYaponf/ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif; ydkrdkxda&mufap&ef olwdkY\ vGwfvyfcGifhtm;uefYowf&ayrnf/ ,aeYuREkfyf\acwfrSm aygvk\acwfESifhqefYusifbufjzpfonf/ toHMunfvifyDoNyD;? avhusifhxm;aomtrsdK;orD;rsm;udkowif;aumif;a0iScGifh acgif;aqmifrIjyKcGifh

ray;ygu{0Ha*vd owif;aumif;tm; uefYowfrIjyK &ma&mufEdkifonf/ vlxk0wfjyK pnf;a0;jcif;\ tqHk;pGef;aom yef;wdkifrSmtb,fenf;¿ {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;jyefYESHUa&;ESihf wynfhawmf jzpfapjcif;yifr[kwfygavm¿ trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifrIonf bk&m;ocif\ bkef;awmfxif&Sm;apum bk&m;ocif\ aus eyfrIjzpfapEdkifygOD;rnfavm¿ or®musrf;pm wpftkyfvHk;onf]][kwfuJhyg}} [kajymae[ef&Sdygonf/ aygvkudkuREkfyfemcHvdkygonf/ uREkfyf\"r®oabmw&m;rSm rlvtm;jzifhaygvk\vrf;aMumif; vdkufygonf/ acwfopftrsdK;orD; 0g'Drsm;\tvGeftuRHvTrf;rdk;jcif; (0g) vSnfhpm;rIuREfkyfrcHvdkacs/ rnfodkYjzpfapuRefpepfvlrsdK;cGJjcm;a&;0g'? w,loefjcif;ESifh vdifrIt&cGJjcm;rI0g'wdkY\ oifhavsmfjcif; r&SdrIwdkYtm; wHkYjyef&mü toif;awmfrSm aES;auG;aeonf[kuREkfyfcHpm;onf/ acwfopfumvtrsdK;orD; rsm;ay: þjypfrSm;rIrSm oifhavsmfrIr&Sdjcif;tay:wHkYjyef&müvnf;tvm;wlaES;auG;aeygonf/ bk&m; ocifonf aus;uRefrsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;udk c&pfawmftxJvGwfajrmufaponf/ "avhxHk;pHqkdif&m rl&if;pmtm;olwdkYudk jyefívufxdyfcwf&aom tcGifhuREkfyfrjyK&Jacs/ aemufxyftcsufwpfcsufrSmjzihf/ teufzGihfq&mwpfOD;taejzifh uREkfyfonfaum&dEÅKtoif;awmfrSmtvGefjyóemrsm;aom toif;awm fjzpfaMumif;od&Sdygonf/ 0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl;rsm;t wif;t"r®toHk;jyKMuum? 4if;wdkYudk *kPfazmf&efoHk;Muonf/ þudpö onftrsdK;orD;rsm;udkzrf;pm;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ xdkenf;wl {zuf toif;awmfonfvnf; trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: tcGifhta&;,lum {zufNrdKU&Sd aetdrftoif;awmfrsm;ü trsdK;orD;rsm;udk ukd,fpm;jyKa[maomolrsm;jzifh toHk;jyKaom rSm;,Gif;onhfq&morm;rsm;\ MoZmoufa&mufrI &Sdonf[k uREfkyf,HkMunfonf/ 8/ aemufxyfzwf½Iavhvm&eftBuHjyKcsufrsm; -

Gordon Fee ESifh Doug Stuart wkdY\ How to Read the Bible For All It’s Worth (pm 61-77)

Gordon Fee \ Gospel and Spirit: Issues in New Testament Hermeneutics Walter C. Kaiser, Peter H. Davids, F.F.Bruce ESifh Manfred T.Branch wkdYa&;om;aom Hard Sayings of the Bible (pm? 613-616/ 665-667)  ]]toif;awmf}} atmufygtxl;taMumif;t&müMunfhyg/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / toif;awmf ( EKKLESIA) *&da0g[m& ekklesia onf]]xJrS}}ESifh]]ac:jcif;cH&onf}} pum;ESpfvHk;rSqif;oufvmojzifh xdk a0g[m&onfbk&m;ocif\ac:xkwfjcif;cH&olrsm;[kqdkvdkonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfü þpum;vHk;udk avmuDqkdif&mtoHk;tEIef;tjzpfoabmxm;onf/ (wref 19;32?39? 41) *&dbmomjyef"r®a[mif;usrf; (LXX) onf þa0g[m&udk ]]pka0;aeaom}} tpöa&; (Qahal, BDB 874, awmvnf 16;3/ 20;4/ a&mr 2;28-29/ *vm 6;16/ 1ay 2;5-9/ Asm 1;6) twGufoHk;ojzihfolwdkYonf "r®a[mif;acwfbk&m; ocif\ vlrsdK;tquftjzpfrdrdwdkYtwGufoHk;Muonf/ olwdkYonftpöa&; topfjzpfonf/ (a&mr 2;2829/ *vm 6;16/ 1ay 2;5? 9/ Asm 1;6)/ bk&m;ocif\ wpfurÇm vHk;omoem\NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;jzpf onf (urÇm 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6/ róJ 28;18-20/ vkum 24;47/ wref 1;8)/ þa0g[m&udkc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;ESifh wrefawmfusrf;üt"dyÜm,ftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifhoHk;onf/

(1) avmuDqdkif&mNrdKUwGif;tpnf;ta0; - wref 19;32?39?41

(2) c&pfawmftxJbk&m;ocif\ wurÇmvHk; uyfumvtm;vHk;NcHKaomvlrsdK;awmf róJ 16; 18 ESifh {zufMo0g'pm/

(3)

c&pfawmfudk,HkMunfola'oEÅ&toif;awmfwpfyg; - róJ 18;17/ wref 5;11 (þusrf;ydk'frsm;üa,½k&SvifNrdKY&Sdtoif;awmf)

449

(4) tpöa&;vlrsdK;tm;wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;jzifh-wref 7;38 oawzef\w&m; a'oemü

(5) a'owpfcktwGif;bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;- wref 8;3 (,k' odkYr[kwf ygvufpwdkif;)



]]uif;ajcNrdKY}}

4if;rSmaum&dEÅKNrdKU\ qdyfurf;ESpfckteufwpfckjzpfonf/ þNrdKUrSm ta&SUzufqdyfurf; jzpfonf (wref 18;18) /

16;2

]]xdkufwefrIjzifholrudkocifbk&m;üoifwdkYvufcHum}}

4if;onf prosdechomai \AORIST MIDDLE [deponent] SUBJUNCTIVE wpfckjzpfum? ]]{nfhonfwpfa,muftjzpf oem;MuifempGm vufcHonf}} [kqkdvdkonf/ (zd 2;29)/ aygvkonf þtrsdK;orD;udk,HkMunf pdwfcsumtoif;awmfonf olrudkvufcHí olYudk,fpm;olrudkulnDapvdkonf/ aygvkonf þpum;ajym&efvkdtyfjcif;onf "avh xHk;pHoabmjzpfaMumif;jyygonf/  ]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}} 4if;onf,HkMunfol\a,½ItxJ&yfwnfcsufomvQifr[kwfbJ? bk&m;w&m;ESifh nDaomolwdkY\b0toufwmonf c&pfawmftxJrdrdwdkY\oefY&Sif;aom&yfwnfcsufudk wdk;wufay:vGif xif&Sm;ap&efarQmfvifhonf/ þa0g[m&]]oefY&Sif;olrsm;}} udktrsm;udef;jzifhomoHk;&m zdvdydÜ 4;21 ürl tenf;udef;tm;jzifhoHk;aomfvnf;wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf;tjzpfajymvdkjcif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefjzpfvm jcif;rSm,HkMunfoltodkif;t0dkif;? rdom;pk? udk,fcEÅmwpfck\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfvmjcif;yif/ taemuf EdkifiHrsm;&Sdacwfopftoif;awmfrsm;ü or®musrf;enf;us,HkMunfjcif;qdkif&m þwpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; oabmrSmwefzdk;xm;jcif;rcH&bJ&Sdae onf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ /oefY&Sif;olrsm;-1;7üMunfhyg/ 

]]olrtwGufoifwkdYvkdtyforQü olrudkoifwkdYulnD}} pdwfqE´jyyk'fESpfck&Sdonf/ yxrrSm paristemi (AORIST ACTIVE) jzpfNyD;]]ulnD&eftqifoifhjzpfonf}} [kqdkvdkonf/ 'kwd,rSm chrezo (PRESENT ACTIVE) jzpfNyD;]]vkdtyforQtultnDay;onf}} [kqdkvkdonf/(2aum 3;1) 4if;onfc&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;vmoltrIawmfaqmifrsm;\ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&mvdktyfrIrsm;tm;axmufyHh jcif;udk&nfñTef;onf/ 4if;rSmaxmufcHpmrsm;\&nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf/ 

NASB,NRJV ]]vlrsm;pGm...udkulnDoljzpfonf}}

NASB ]]vlrsm;pGm...udktusdK;jyKoljzpfonf}}

TEV ]]olronf...vlrsm;pGm\rdwfaqGaumif;jzpfonf}}

NJB ]]vlajrmufrsm;pGmudkMunfh½Ia pmifha&Smufoljzpfonf}}

þa0g[m& proistatis udk"r®opfusrf;ü þae&müomawGY&onf/ um,ydkif;qdkif&m odkYr[kwf aiGaMu;tultnDudk&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ þpum;vHk;\rl&if;t"dyÜm,frSmcsrf;om<u,f0aom em,uvlBuD;udk&nfñTef;onf/ þzdaA (Phoebe) onfa&mrNrdKYodkYc&D;oGm;jcif;ESifh (i,f 1) vl rsm;pGmwdkYtm;ulnDcJhyHk (i,f 2) wdkYudkaxmuf½Ijcif;tm;jzifhh4if;onfolrü ordkif;0ifrSefuefrI&SdEdkif ygonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom)bmomjyefusrf;/ / 16;3-16

3c&pfawmfa,½Iü ig\vkyfazmfaqmifzufj ypfudvESifhtmukvwdkYu EIwfqufMuavmh/ 4olwdkYonfightwGufvnfpif;cHolrsm;jzpfum igomvQi fr[kwfbJwpfyg;trsdK;toif;awmfrsm; tm;vHk;onfvnf;olwdkYay:a us;Zl;wif&SdMuonf/ 5olwdkYtdrfü&Sdaomtoif;awmfukdvnf;EIwf qufMuavmh/ tm&SdjynfwGifyxrOD;qHk;ajymif;vJolj zpfNyD;? igcspfaomol {yJeufudk EIwfquf Muavmh/ 6oifwdkYtwGuftvkyfMudK;pm;ol rm&dudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 7ig\trsdK;ESifh tusOf;us azmfvnf;jzpfolta`E´mEdkufESifh,kefEdkudkEIwfqufM uavmY/ olwdkYonfwrefawmfrsm; tv,fü xifay:aMumfMum;olrsm;jzpfjyD;? igh t&ifc&pfawmftxJ&Sdolrsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ 8ocifbk&m; txJigcspfaom trÜvdudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 9c&pfawmftxJigwdkY vkyfaz:aqmifzufjzpfol O&AefESifh igcspfaomowmckudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 10 c&pfawmftxJppfrSefol tayavudk EIwfqufavmh/ tm&dawÅmAkvk\tdr foltdrfom;rsm;ukdEIwfqufMuavmh/ 11ig\trsdK;csif; jzpfola[a&m'sKefudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ ocifbk &m;txJ&Sdolrsm;jzpfonfhemudok\tdrfol tdrfom;wdkYudk EIwfqufMu avmh/ 12ocifbk&m;\tvkyfvkyfolrsm ; jzpfolw½kzJESifhw½kaz:wdkY udkEIwfqufMuavmh/ ocifbk&m;\tvkyfüMudK ;pm;ol? igcspfaomay&odudkEIwffqufMuavmh/ 13ocifbk&m;txJ vufa&G;pifvlwpfOD;jzp fol½kzkESifhig\ trdvnf;jzpfololUrdcifudkvnf; EIwfqufMuavmh/ 14 tokBudwf? Zavukef;aom&r? ywfa&mb? a[&arESifh olwdkYESifh twl aeaomnDtpfudkwdkYudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 15zdavmvkyfESifh ,kvd?ae½kESifholYnDr?MovkrÜESifh olwdkESifh twlaeaomoefY&Si f;oltm;vHk;wdkYudkEIwfqufMuavmh/ 16oefY&Sif;aomterf; jzifhwpfa,mufESifh wpfa,m ufEIwfqufMuavmh/ c&pfawmf\toif;awmrsm;tm;vHk;oifwdkY udkEIwfqufMu\/

16;3 ]]jypfudvESihftmukv}} olremrnfudk,Ofaus;rIt&rMuHKpzl;pGmyifolYcifyGef;onf\a&SUüt&if ygavh&Sdonf/ (wrefawmf 18;18? 26/ 1aum 16;19/ 2wd 4;19) olronfa&mrolaumif;rsdK;EG,ff wpfOD; (odkY) olwdkYZeD;armifESHüOD;aqmifoljzpfEdkifygonf/ aygvkESifhþZeD;armifESHwYdkrSmwJ½SifcsKyfolrsm; (odkY) om;a&xGufypönf;jyKvkyfolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ aygvkonfolwdkYudk]]c&pfawmfxJvkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;}} [kac:onf/ olonfa&mrtoif;awmf\tm;omcsuftm;enf;csufwdkYudkþvifr,m;wdkYxHMum;cJh&jcif; jzpfEdkkifonf/

16;4 ]]vnfpif;cHolrsm;}} 4if;rSm ]]vllowform;\ykqdef}} [laompum;vHk;rSvmaoma0g[m&wpf ckjzpfonf/ þpum;pktm;jzifhaygvkbmudkajymvdkaMumif;rod&acs/ ]]igomvQifr[kwfbJwyg;trsdK;toif;awmf rsm;tm;vkH;onfvnf;olwdkYtay:aus;Zl;wif&Sd}} þvifr,m;wdkY\wuf<uaomulnDrIESifh&if;ESD;rIaMumifhaygvktvGef0rf;omtm;&jzpfonf/ olwdkY\vkyf aqmifrIudk]]wyg;trsdK;toif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;}}wdkifatmifwdk;csJonf/ tvGefjcHKikHícdkifvHkaomaus;Zlllll;wif &Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onfomaygvk\trIawmfaqmif&Gufjcif;u@müolwdkY\yg0ifrIudk&nfnTef;jcif;jzpf Edkifonf/ (wref 18;24-28)

16;5 ]]toif;awmf}} 4if;onf(Church) taqmuftOD;udkajymjcif;r[kwfbJvlwpfpkudkajymjcif; jzpf onf/ xdka0g[m&\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]ac:xkwfjcif;cH&olrsm;}} [líjzpfonf/ Septuagint (LXX) ac:*&d"r®a[mif;usrf;ü þpum;vHk;tm;a[jAJa0g[m& Qahal bmomjyef&müoHk;umv]]vlpkvla0;}} [líbmomjyefonf/ ueOD;toif;awmfonf"r®a[mif;acwfumv ]]tpöa&;vlpkvla0;}} tm;qufcHol rsm;ESifh 4if;\NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;tjzpfolwdkYudk,folwdkY½Ijrifxm;um? cGJxGufaom*kdPf;wpf*kdPf;tjzpfrjrifMu acs/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 16;1 üMunfhyg/ 

]]olwdkYtdrfü&Sdaom}} ueOD;c&pf,mefrsm;onf aetdrfrsm;üpnf;a0;Muonf/ (16;23/ wref 12;12/ 1aum 16;19/ aum 4;15 ESifh zdavrkef 2)/ at'DoHk;&mpkrwdkifrDbk&m; ausmif;ray:ayguf ao;acs/  ]]{yJeuf}} þtrsdK;om;\emrnfonf]]csD;rGrf;cH&ol}}[lít"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/  ]]yxrOD;qHk;ajymif;vJol}} olYudk 1aum 16;15 üazmfjyonfh oawzef\tdrfom;wpfa,muf tjzpfvnf;ajymygonf/  ]]tm&Sdjynf}} 4if;onfwl&uDEdkifiH\taemufzufoHk;yHkwpfyHkjzpfaoma&mrtifyg,m\e,fwpfe,f jzpfonf/ 16;6 ]]oifwdkYtwGuftvkyfBudK;pm;olrm&d}} olYtaMumif;bmrQrod&acs/ a&mrtoif;awmfrSom oemjyKtrsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfEdkifonf/ tvGefaumif;jrwfol? bk&m;w&m;,HkMunfolajrmufrsm;pGmudk uRefawmfwdkYrodcJh&aomfvnf; bk&m;ocifaumif;pGmod&Sdxm;ygonf/ 16;7 ]]igESifhtusOf;usazmf}} rnfonfhtusOf;usrIudk&nfñTef;aMumif; ,aeYacwfusrf;pmq&mrsm; rodMuacs/ aygvkonfrdrd,HkMunfrIaMumifh rsm;pGm'ku©cHcJhonf/ (2aum 4;8-11/ 6;4-10/11;25-28)/ zdvdydÜNrdKU? uJó&dNrdKUESifh a&mrNrdKUwdkYüoltusOf;uscJh&mtjcm;ae&mrsm;ü vnf;tusOf;uscHcJhjcif;jzpfEdkif onf/ ({zuf 1aum 15;32/ 2aum 1;8)  ]],ked}} þemrnfrSmtrsdK;om; (0g) trsdK;orD;wpfOD;jzpfEdkifum? toHxGuftrSwftom;jzifh qHk;jzwf&onf/ *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;üuGJjym;rI&Sd&m Iounian tjzpf MSS Aleph, A,B,C,D,F,G ESifh P wdkYü awGU&aomfvnf; toHxGuftrSwftom;rygacs/ trsdK;orD;yHkpHudk MSS B2, D2 ESifh 0150 wdkYüawGU&onf/ ueOD;ayyk&ydkufvufa&;usrf; P46 ESifhtcsdKUaom Vulgate ESifh Coptic bmomjyefusrf;rsm;ü Jerome oHk;cJhaom*&drl&if;pmrsm;rSmenf;wl Ioulian (,kvd) [líawGU&NyD; 4if;rSmtrsdK;orD;jzpfonf/ tcsdKUusrf; pmavhvmolrsm;onf4if;rSm usrf;pmul;a&;&mü rSm;,Gif;rI jzpfonf[k,lqMuonf/ þtrsdK;orD;yHkpH udk16;15 üawGU&onf/ tcef;i,f 7 üazmfjyaomvl ESpfOD;wdkYjzpfEdkifacs&SdonfrSm

1/ aygvkESifhtwltusOf;usaom*sL;,HkMunfolESpfOD;

2/ armifESrESpfOD;

3/ vifESifhr,m;ESpfOD;

4if;onftrsdK;orD;jzpfum ]]wrefawmf}} [laompum;onf ]]wpfq,fhESpfyg;}} wdkYtjyiftjcm;ol tm;&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfygu þolrSmtrsdK;orD;wrefawmfwpfOD;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ a&mrpmayESifh ausmufpmrsm;ü Junias - ,kedqdkaompmvHk;aygif;rnfonfhae&mürQrawGY&jcif; rSmpdwf0ifpm;p&mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf Junia rSmrltvGeftoHk;rsm;onf/ 4if;rSma&mrrdom;pkemrnf wpfckjzpfonf/ trIawmftxJ trsdK;orD;rsm;taMumif; ydkíod&SdEdkif &efzwfoifhaompmtkyfwpftkyfrSm

452

Linda L. Belleville a&;om;aom Women Leaders and the Church, pp.188 \atmufajcrSwfpk 42 jzpfonf/ 

NASB ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,füxl;jcm;olrsm;jzpf}}

NKJV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,füvlodrsm;olrsm;jzpfMuonf}}

NRSV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,füxif&Sm;olrsm;jzpfMuonf}}

TEV ]]wrefawmfrsm;tv,füaumif;pGmod&Sdolrsm;jzpfMuonf}}

NJB ]]xl;jcm;aomwrefawmfrsm;}}

4if;onfwpfq,fhESpfyg;wdkYudk&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfEdkifNyD;? xkdodkYjzpfygu þyk*¾KvfESpfOD;udkolwdkY aumif;pGmod&SdMuonf/ odkYr[kwf ]]wrefawmfrsm;}} tjzpfod&Sdxm;aomtjcm;tkyfpkwpfpktm;&nfñTef; jcif;jzpfayrnf/ (wrefawmf 14;4? 14/ 18;5/ 1aum 4;9/ *v 1;19/ zd 2;25/ 1ouf 2;6)/ þusrf; csuft&{zuf 4;11 rSmuJhodkY tjcm;tkyfpkwpfpktm;qdkvdk&ma&mufaomfvnf;]]the }}[laompum;vHk;onf wpfq,fhESpfyg;udk qdkvdkonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / apvTwfonf (Apostello) - 1;1 üMunfhyg/  ]]ight&ifc&pfawmftxJ&Sdolrsm;vnf;jzpfMu}} olwdkYonfaygvk\'rowfNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ray: tawGUtBuHKrwdkifrDu,fwifjcif;&&Sdum? c&pfawmf\trIawmfüyg0ifcJholrsm;jzpfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ 16;8-16 þtydkkif;&Sdemrnfrsm;udkusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;rod&SdMuacs/ olwdkYudkkbk&m;ocifESifh aygvk onfcspfaomfvnf;olwdkY\emrnfESi tvkyfrsm;udk"r®opfusrf;üjzpfap? ueOD;c&pf,mefpmayrsm; üjzpfaprSwfwrf;r&Sdacs/ a&maESmaomemrnfrsm;&SdaMumif;rSmrlodomay:vGifonf/ (1) toHk;rsm;aom uRefrsm;emrnfrsm; (2) *kPfoa&&Sda&mremrnfrsm;ESihf (3) *sL;rdom;pkrsm;jzpfonf/ trsdK;om;? trsdK; orD;rsm;yg0ifonf/ csrf;omaomvGwfvyfol (uRefr[kwfol) rsm;ESifh vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaomw&m; a[mq&mrsm;yg0ifonf/ yg&Sm;jynf (tD&ef) rS EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;vnf;&Sdonf/ a,½Ic&pfawmf\ toif; awmftwGif;twm;tqD;tm;vHk;NydKysufoGm;onf (3;22/ 10;12/ a,mv 2;28-32/ «wref 2;14-21»/ 1aum 12;11/ *vm 3;28/ aum 3;11)/

16;8 ]]trÜvd}} þemrnfonfjypfudvESifh ,kedwdkYenf;wlvlodrsm;aoma&mrrdom;pkemrnfjzpfonf/  ]]bk&m;ociftxJigcspfaom}} ]]cspfjcif;cH&ol}}- belove a0g[m&udk crnf;awmfbk&m;onf om;awmfa,½Iü róJ 3;17 ESifh 17;5 wdkYüoHk;onf/ 4if;a0g[m&rSma[&Sm,? tem*wdåusrf;&SdtapcH ol\aw;oDcsif;rsm;rSbJGUemrwpfckjzpfEdkifygonf/ (róJ 12;18rSm a[&Sm, 42;1 tm;udk;um;jcif;jzpf onf)/ rnfodkYjzpfapaygvkonf4if;tm;,HkMunfolrsm;udk ajym&müoHk;onf/ (1;7? 16;8? 9/ 1aum 4;14? 17/ 15;58/ {zuf 6;21/ zd 2;12/ aum 4;7?9?14/ 1wd 6;2/ zdavrkef i,f 16)/ 16;9]]O&Aef}} xdkemrnfonf ]]NrdKUjyüaeol}} odkYr[kwf ]]NrdKUüBuD;jyif;ol}} [kt"dyÜg,f&onf/  ]]owmck}} 4if;rSm ]]tESH}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdaomemrnfwpfckjzpfonf/ þemrnfonfqDZmbk&ifh rdom;pkESihf qufpyfaMumif;a&S;a[mif;okawoeynm&Sifrsm;awGU&SdMuonf/ 16;10 ]]c&pfawmftxJppfrSefol}} tcsdKUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;\ tqdkt&olwdkYonf t&dawåmAkvk\ rdom;pk0ifrsm;r[kwfbJol\tdrfwGif;rIvkyfief;ü tvkyfvkyfoluRefrsm;udkajymjcif;jzpfonf,lqMuonf/ ti,f 11 ]]emudok\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;}} üvnf;xdkenf;wljzpfygonf/

453



]]t&dawåmAkvk\}} tcsdKUusrf;pmavhvmolrsm; (Lightfoot) rSef;qonfrSm þyk*d¾Kvfonf wref

12 üwrefawmf,mukyfukdowfjzwfaom a[½k'frif;BuD;\nDjzpfonf[kqkd\/ xkdtwdkif;jzpfcJhygu {0Ha*vd owif;aumif;onf {'Hk(Edom)tEG,f0if þbk&ifhrdom;pkxJa&muf&SdjyefYESHYcJhaMumif;jyoonf/ 16;11 ]]a[a&m'sKef}} olonfa[½k'frdom;pk\ uRefwpfa,mufjzpfEdkifonf/



]]emudok\tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;}} olonftifyg,m&Sif uavm'd\vlodrsm;aomtapcHwpfOD;jzpf Edkifonf/ xdktwkdif;jzpfcJhygu {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onf a&mrbk&ifh rdom;pkxJwdkifa&muf&Sd jyefYESHYcJh aMumif;jyoonf/

16;12 ]]w½kzJ}} þemrnf\t"dyÜg,frSm]]t&om&Sdaom}} [líjzpfEdkifonf/  ]]w½kazg}} þemrnft"dyÜg,frSm]]El;nHhodrfarGUaomol}} [líjzpfEdkifonf/ olwdkYrSmtrTmnDtpfrrsm; jzpfEdkifonf/  ]]tvkyfBudK;pm;ol}} þa0g[m&onf ]]cGeftm;ukefoGm;onfhtxd}} tvkyfBudK;pm;jcif;\ t"dyÜg,f yGm;jzpfonf/  ]]ay&od}} 4if;onf ]]yg&Sif; (tD&ef) trsdK;orD;}} jzpfaMumif;jyonf/ 16;13 ]]½kzk}} þemrnf\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]eDonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]eDaomacgif;&Sdol}} [líjzpf\/ a&mrNrdKUü vlodrsm;aom½kzk (rmuk 15;21) qdkol&SdaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ olonfxdkol[kwfr[kwfraocsmaomf vnf;jzpfEdkifacsrsm;onf/ 

NASB ]]ocifbk&m;txJvufa&G;pifwpfOD;jzpfol}}

NKJV, NRSV ]]ocifbk&m;txJ a&G;cs,fcHol}}

TEV ]]ocifbk&m;tvkyfü xl;jcm;ol}}

NJB ]]ocifbk&m;\vufa&G;piftapcHwpfOD;}}

4if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm ]]a&G;cs,fjcif;cH&ol}} [líjzpfonf/ þpum;onf bk&m; ocif\ac:zdwfjcif;udk&nfñTef;½Hkomru? olYtrIawmfaqmif&GufrI\ b0toufwmESifh qkdifyg onf/ olYrdcifonfaygvktay:vnf;BuD;rm;aom arwåmjzifhjyKonf/ 16;14 ]]a[&ar}} 4if;rSmukodkvfuHaumif;jcif;bk&m;\ emrnfjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmyxrwpf&mpk a&mr? *&d urÇmü tvGeftoHk;rsm;aom uRefrsm;\emrnfjzpfonf/ 16;15 ]] oefY&Sif;olrsm;tm;vHk;}} txl;taMumif;t&m/ / 1;7 üMunfhyg/ 16;16 ]]oefY&Sif;aomterf;}} rnfolonfrnfolYtm;erf;aMumi (odkYr[kwf)rnfonftcsdef? rnfonfhae&müjzpfaMumif; ueOD;acwfumvtaxmuftxm;r&Sdacs/ ,k'w&m;Z&yfrsm;üoHk; aomEIwfqufjcif;yHkpHudk toif;awmfüqufvufusifhoHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfum trsdK;om;csif;ESifh trsdK; orD;csif;yg;jyifay:udk erf;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ (1aum 16;20/ 2aum 13;12/ 1ouf 5;26/ 1ay 5;14)/ 3&mpktwGif; Justin Martyr onfrdrda&;aompmrsm;rsm;ü azmfjycJhaomfvnf;? toif; awmftwGif;þuJhodkYEIwfqufjcif;udk r,HkMunfolrsm;txifvTJrSm;ojzifhjyóemwpfckjzpfvmum? tcsdKUtoif;awmfrsm;ü&yfwHhoGm;cJhonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 16;17-20/

454

nDtpfudk wdkYudkigwdkufwGef;onfrSm oi fwkdYcH,lcJhNyD;aomMo0g'ESifh qefYusif vsufoabmxm;uGJvGJrIESifh taESmifht,Sufjzpf ay:apolrsm;udkowdESifh Munfh½Iuma&Smif &Sm;Muavmh/ 18taMumif;rSmxdkodkYaomolrsm;onf igwdkYocifc&pfawmf\ tapcHrsm;r[kwfbJ rdrdwdkYvdkvm;awmifhwrI\aus;uRefrsm;omjzpfM uum?csdKomíajr§mufyifhaompum;rsm;jzifh ,HkvG,faomolwdkY\pdwfESvHk; rsm;udkvSnfhpm;Mu\/ 19oifwkdU\emcHjcif;taMumif; vl wdkif;ajymojzifh oifwkdYaMumifhig0rf;ajrmuf\ / odkYaomfaumif;aomt&mü ynm&Sdjzpfum? qdk;oGrf;rIütjypfuif;pifMuapvdk\/ 20Nidrf;oufjcif;\bk&m;ocifonfpmwefudk rMumrD oifwkdY\ ajcz0g;atmufüeif;acsvdrfhrnf/ igwkdYocifa,½I\ aus;Zl;awmfonfoifwkdY ESifh twl&Sdygap/

16;17 þowday;csufonf þtaMumif;t&mxJrarQmfvifhbJtwif;wkd;0ifvmonfESifh wlaeonf/ odkYaomfaygvkonf vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaomtrIawmfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh 4if;wdkY\uGJjym;jcm;em;rIay:vGif ap&efxnfhvkdufjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ þq&morm;twkta,mif rsm;vkyfyHkudkifyHkpm&if;wpfck ti,f 1718 ü&Sdonf/

1/ oabmxm;uGJvTJrIjzpfay:ap&ef vHIaqmfMuonf/

2/ ,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf taESmifht,Sufjzpfp&mrsm;zefwD;Muonf/

3/ toif;awmfay;cJhNyD;jzpfaom oGefoifrIESifh qefYusifaomt&mrsm;oGefoifMuonf/

olwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\vkdvm;awmifhwrIudk tapcHMujcif;om;jzpfonf/

olwkdYonf,HkvG,faomolrsm;udk rdrdwkdY\csdKomaomajr§mufyifhpum;rsm;jzifhvSnfhpm;Mu onf/

þpm&if;onf 14;1-15;13 üazmfjyaomtm;enf;olESifh tm;&Sdol,HkMunfolrsm;ESifhrqdkifacs/  ]]a&Smif&Sm;Muavmh}} 4if;rSm PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE wpfckjzpfonf/ rMumcPawGU &aom taMumif;t&mwpfckkjzpfonf/ (*vm 1;8-9/ 2ouf 3;6? 14/ 2a,m 10)/ 16;18

NASB, NRSV TEV ]] rdrdwkdYvdkvm;awmifhwrI}} NKJV ]] rdrdwkdY0rf;Adkuf}} NJB ]] rdrdwdkYavmb}} 4if;\vHk;aphywfapht"dyÜg,frSm ]]0rf;Adkuf}} [líjzpfonf/ (zd 3;19/ wdwk 1;12)/ q&mo[m twktaumifrsm;onf t&mcyfodrf;ürdrdwkdYpdwf0ifpm;&mudkomtajcjyKMuonf/

 ]]csKdomí ajr§mufyifhaompum;}} twkta,mifq&morm;wkdYü ½kyfcE©mtm;jzifhqGJaqmifrI&Sdum? udk,f&nfudk,faoG;xufjrufMuonf/ (aum 2;4)/ olwdkY\wifjycsufrsm;tvGefyifusdK;aMumif;qD avsmfavh&Sdonf/ owdxm;yg! twkta,mifq&morm;rsm;udkcGJjcm;od&SdEdkif&ef or®musrf;pmenf;usppf aq;rItcsdKUtm;jyKEdkif&ef usrf;ydk'ftcsdKUrSm w&m;a[m 13;1-5/ 18;22/ róJ7/ zd 3;2-3/ 18-19/ 1a,m 4;1-3/



]],HkvG,faomolwkdY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udkvSnfhpm;Mu\}}

4if;onf PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE jzpfNyD;? qufvufvSnfhpm;oGm;jcif;udkajymonf/ 4if;wkdYonf,HkMunfoltopfrsm; udktEÅ&m,fay;Ekdif ygonf/ (qdk;oGrf;rIrawGUBuHKcJhbl;olrsm;)

16;19

]]oifwkdY\emcHjcif;taMumif;vlwdkif;ajymojzifh}} 4if;onf 1;8 udk&nfñGef;jcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm t"dyÜg,fav;eufoGm;ap&ef wrifoufoufcsJUum;ajymqdkrIwpfrsdK;vnf;jzpfonf/



]]aumif;aomt&müynm&Sdjzpfum? qdk;oGrf;rIütjypfuif;pifMuavmh/}} 4if;onfa,½Iukd,fwdkif \oGefoifrIudk xif[yfay:vGifaponf/ (róJ 10;16/ vkum 10;3)/

16;20

]]Nidrfoufjcif;\bk&m;ocif}} 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ tHhMozG,f&mbGJUemrawmfwpfckjzpfonf/ (15; 33/ 2aum 13;16/ zd 4;9/ 1ouf5;23 ESifh a[NAJ 13;20)

]]rMumrDpmwefudkoifwkdYajcz0g;atmufüeif;acsvdrfhrnf/}} 4if;onf urÇm 3;15 tm;ñTef; qdkrIwpfckjzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolwkdYtm;olwdkYESifh ar&Sd,\qufpyfrIonfatmifjrifrIay;onf/ (1a,m5; 18-20)/ 4if;rSmthHMobG,f&muwdawmfESifh wm0ef0wå&m;vnf;jzpfonf/ þusrf;csufütoif;awmf onf rdrdtm;tyfESif;aomr[mapckdif;jcif;udk ysufuGufaponfhq&morm;twkta,mifrsm;aMumifhjzpf aom½IyfaxG;rIESifh oabmxm;uGJvGJrIrsm;\o½kyfjytjzpfpmwefudkazmfjyonf/ rSm;,Gif;aomq&morm; rsm;aemufuG,fü ewfqdk;0dnmOfqdk;rsm;&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfaptarSmifESifh qdk;oGrf;rIudk&if0,fydkufum? 4if;wkdYxJtouf&Sifaeolrsm;twGuf {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;onfarSmifrdkufESifh qdk;oGrf;rIudkNzdKcGif;onf/ þtaMumif;t&mtwGuf pmtkyfaumif;wpfckrSm Three Crucial Questions About Spiritual Warfare, by Clinton E. Arnold jzpfygonf/ txl;taMumif;t&m/ / qdk;oGrf;rI\ yk *¾dKvf^yk*¾dKvfjzpfaomqdk;oGrf;rI ( PERSONAL EVIL) taMumif;&if;tawmfrsm;rsm;aMumifh 4if;rSm tvGefcufcJaomtaMumif;t&mjzpfonf/

1/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onf aumif;aomt&m\ &efolBuD;wpfOD;&SdaMumif;azmfjyjcif;rjyKbJ/ vlom;tm;raumif;aomt&mvkyf&efajymvkduf olwdkYraumif;aMumif;pGyfpGJvkdufvkyfum YHWH tm;tapcHoltMumif;udkomazmfjyonf/ (A.B. Davidson, pp 300-306)

2/ bk&m;ocif\&efolBuD; jzpfolyk*¾dKvftaMumif;t,ltqonf yg&Sm;(tD&ef) vlrsdK;wkdY\ bmom (Zoroastrianism) \vGrf;rdk;rIatmuf&Sd pmayrsm;jzpfaom or®musrf;pm jyifypmayrsm;awGU&onf/ 4if;onfaemufwpfcg ,k'bmomq&mBuD;rsm;udk BuD;rm;pGmvGrf;rdk;oGm; onf/

3/ "r®opfusrf;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;\taMumif;t&mrsm;udk tHhMobG,f&mvHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; qufvuf&ifhoefapaomfvnf; trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;a&G;cs,frIjyKonf/ qdk;oGrf;rItaMumif;tm; or®musrf;vm"r®oabmtjrifjzifh csOf;uyfavhvmygu (usrf;wpfusrf;pD odkYr[kwf usrf;jyKol? odkYr[kwf pmaytrsdK;tpm; tvkdufavhvm um? oD;jcm;pDtusOf;csKyfvkdufyguvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;aom qdk;oGrf;rIrsm;ay:vGifvm onf/ odkYaomfqkd;oGrf;rItaMumif;tm; or®musrf;pmr[kwfaom (0g)urÇmhbmomBuD; rsm;odkYr[kwfta&SUwdkif;bmomBuD;rsm;tm;or®musrf;pmjyifyrSavhvmygu "r®opfusrf;tm; yg;&Sm; vlrsdK;rsm;\ ESpfqlt,l0g' (dualism) ESifh *&d-a&mrwkdY\ 0dnmOft, 0g'rsm; vGrf;rdk;rIrsm;pGm &dSaMumif; awGU&Sd&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmrSm bk&m;ocif\tcGifh tmPmawm fjzpfjciftay: qufuyf

456

tyfESHxm;rnfqdkvQif "r®opfusrf;udkjzpfay: wdk;wwfaom zGifhjyawmfrljcif;tjzpf ½Ijrifrnfjzpfonf/ þoabmtm; ydkrdk&Sif;vif; ap&ef c&pf,mefonf *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ '@m&DyHkjyifrsm;jzpfap? t*Fvdyfpmayrsm;jzpfap ('efwD? rDvfwef) toHk;jyK&efr[kwfacs/ þu@mqkdif&mzGifhjyrIüzHk;uG,frIrsm;ESifh t"dyÜg,froJuGJrIrsm;&SdonfrSmtrSefyifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonfqdk; oGrf;rI\rsufESmpmtm; vHk;jzpfaom4if;\rlvtp?4if;\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udkzGifhjyjcif;rjyK bJ4if;\½IH;edrfhrludkom zGifhjyxm;onf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif pmwef[laoma0g[m& (BDB 966) odkYr[kwf jypfwif pGyfpGJol[kqdk&mü oHk;rsdK;om;pm;&SdyHkay:onf/

1/ jypfwifpGyfpGJolvlom;rsm; (1"r® 29;4/ 2"r®19;22/ 3"r® 11;14?23?25/ qmvH 109;6)

2/ jypfwifpGyfpGJolaumif;uifwrefrsm; (awmvnf 22;22-23/ Zm 3;1)

3/ jypfwifpGyfpGJol ewfqdk;^0dnmOfqdk;rsm; (1&m 21;1/ 1"r® 22;21/ Zm 13;2) or®musrf;pma&;om;NyD;aemufydkif;umvü omurÇmOD; 3 ua>rudkpmweftjzpf azmfjyvmcJhMuonf/ (ynmusrf; 2;23-24/ 2{aem 32;3) aemufydkif;ü4if;rSm &AÁdq&m

BuD;rsm;pdwfBudKufa&G;cs,fbkdY (a>r^pmwef) txdjzpfvmonf/ (Sot. 9b ESifh Sanh.29a)urÇmOD;6&Sd bk&m;ocif\om;rsm;onf 1{aem 54;6 ü aumif;uifwref qdk;rsm;jzpfvmonf/ &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\ "r®oabmw&m;ü olwkdYonf qdk;oGrf;rI\ rlvtpjzpfvmonf/ uREfkyf þodkYazmfjyjcif;rSm4if;onf "r®oabmw&m;t& rSefonf[k twnfjyK&efr[kwfbJ4if;\ jzpfay:wdk;wwfvmyHkudkajymjcif;rQom jzpfonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü "r®a[mif;usrf;xJ þvkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk aumif;uifwrefqkdif&mvkyfaqmifrI? qdk;oGrf;rI yk*¾dKvf (pmwef)\vkyfaqmifrItjzpfazmfjyonf/ 2aum 11;3/ Asm 12;9wkdYüazmfjyonf/ qdk;oGrf;rIyk*¾dKvf\ rlvtptm;"r®a[mif;usrf;rS qHk;jzwfcsufay;&ef

cufcJonf (odkYr[kwf)rjzpfEdkifacs/(rdrdtjrifay:rlwnfonf)/ 4if;\taMumif;jycsufwpfckrSm tpöa&;\ wqlwnf;aom bk&m;0g'\ cdkifrmrIjzpfonf (1"r® 22;20-22/ a'oem 7;14/ a[&Sm 45;7/ tmrkwf 3;6)/ YHWH \twktEIdif;uif;rIESifh tBuD;jrwfqHk; jzpfrItm;jyo&ef taMumif;&if; tm;vHk; olYaMumifhjzpfonf [kazmfjyonf/ (a[&Sm 43; 11/ 44;6? 8?24/ 45;5-6? 14? 18? 21? 22)/ &EdkiforQ taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm

(1) a,mb 1-2 üpmwefudk ]]bk&m;ocif\ om;rsm;}} (aumif;uifwrefrsm;) teufü yg0ifaMumif;awGU&onf/ odkYr[kwf

(2) a[&Sm, 14/ a,ZHausv 28 wkdYüta&SUtv,fydkif;bk&ifrsm; (AmAkvkefESifh wk½krif;) tm;pmwef\rmefrmeudk&Sif;vif;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ (1wd 3;6)/ þcsOf;uyfyHküuREfkyf \pdwfrSma&maxG;aeonf/ a,Zausvonf {'ifO,smOfudk wk½kbk&iftm;pmweftjzpf wifpm; azmfjy&efoHk;onf omru (a,Zausv 28;12-16) tD*spfudkwifpm;azmfjy&ef taumif;tqdk;cGJjcm;od&Sd &mtyifudktoHk;jyKonf/ (a,Zausv 31)/ rnfodkYjzpfap a[&Sm, 14 txl;ojzifhti,f 12-14 üaumif;uifwrefwpfyg;onf rmeaxmif vTm;rIaMumifh awmfvSe fykefuefaMumif;tm; a&;om;azmfjyonfESifh wlygonf/ bk&m; ocifonf uRefawmfwdkYudk pmwef\wdusaomobm0ESifh rlvtpudkazmfjyvdkygu xdkodkYjyK&efrSm tvGe fapGapmif;aom

rajzmifhwef;aomvrf;ESifh ae&momvQifjzpfacs\/ teuft"dyÜg,f yDjyifjcif;r&Sdaom? uGJjym; jcm;em;onfh azmfjycsuftpdwftydkif;uav; rsm;qGJ,lum 4if;wkdYudkbk&m;qkdif&mya[|djyóem\ tpdwftydkifrsm;tjzpfpkpnf; wifjyaom Systemetic Theology ac:"r®oabmw&m;tm;enf; pHepfusavhvmrlqdk aomt&mudkuRefawmfwdkYowdxm;Mu&ygrnf/ *sL;bmom&AÁdusrf;wwfq&mBuD;rsm;onf yg;&Sm;wdkY\t,l0g'ESifh rSef;qrI rsm;\vGrf;rdk;rItvGeftuRHcHonf[k Alfred Edersheim onfrdrd\pmtkyf The Life and Times of Jesus the Mesiah, twGJ 2? aemufqufwGJ XIII (pm 748-763)ESifh twGJ XVI (pm 770-776) wdkYüa&;om;xm;onf/ þu@mü &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;onf or®mw&m; twGuf rtm;udk;&acs/ a,½Ionf,k'w&m;Z&yf\ oGefoifrIrsm;rStjywfcGJxGufonf/ odemawmifay:ü arma&S\ ynwdåusrf;tm;tyfay;&mü aumif;uifwref \Mum;cH aqmif&GufrIqdkif&m &AdÁq&mBuD;rsm;\ t,ltqESifh 4if;aumif;uifwreftm; qefYusifhtmcHjcif;onfvlom;enf;wl YHWH \&efoljzpfaom aumif;uifwreftBuD; wpfyg;taMumif; t,ltqpwif jrpfzsm;cH&mjzpfonf[ kuRefawmf xifygonf/ yg;&Sm; (tD&ef) vlrsdK;wkdY\t,l0g'ü Ahkiman ESifh Ormaza ac:taumif;ESifh tqdk;tBuD;qHk; bk&m;ESpfql&Sdonf/ þESpfqlt,l 0g'onf YHWH ESifh pmwef[laomuefYowfonfh *sL;bmomqdkif&mESpfql0g'jzpfvmonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü qdk;oGrf;rIwdk;wwfjzpfay:vmyHktm;zGifhjyxm;onfaMumif;aocsm aomfvnf; &AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;uJhodkY #DumcsJUjcif;rsdK;um;r[kwfacs/ 4if;\Oyrmaumif; wpfckrSm ]] aumif;uifüjzpfaom ppfyGJ}}jzpfonf/ pmwefusjcif;onf tusdK;taMumif; oifhaom vdktyfr Ijzpfaomfvnf; tcsuftvufrsm; twdtusrazmfjyacs/ tem*wådqdkif &mpmayrsm;ü zGifhjy ay;xm;aom t&müyif tzHk;tum&Sdao;onf/ (Asm 12;4?7?12-13)/ pmwefonfacsrIef;cHum? urÇmajrodkYjynfESif'Pfay;cH&aomfvnf;olonf YHWH \ tapcHtjzpftvkyfvkyfaeqJjzpfonf/ (róJ 4;1/ vkum 22;31-32/ 1aum 5;5/ 1wd 1;20)/ uRefawmfwdkYonfþu@ürdrdwdkY\pyfpkodvdkpdwfudkxdef;csKyfxm;&ayrnf/yk*¾dKvftm;jzifhjzpfaom aoG;aqmifjcif;ESifh qdk;oGrf;rItiftm;wpf&yfwdkY&Sdonf rSefaom vnf;bk&m;ocif wpfqlwnf;om½Sdum vlom;wdkif;onfrdrda&G;cs,frI twGufwm0ef udk,fpD&SdMuonf/ u,fwifjcif; r&rDESifh&jyD;aemufydkif; ESpfckpvHk;ü0dnmOfwdkufyGJ½Sdonf/atmifjrifjcif;onfoHk;qlbk&m;rS wpfqifhxdkt½SifüwnfjrJaejcif;tm;jzifh om&Edkif onf/ qdk;oGrf;rIonftEdkif,ljcif;cHcJhjyD;jzpfum? z,f½Sm;jcif;udkygcH&vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/

]]igwdkYocifa,½I\aus;Zl;awm fonfoifwdkYESifhtwl½Sdygap}}

4if;rSmaygvkoHk;aeustydwfpum; jzpfonf/ (1aum16;23/ 2aum13;24/ *v6;18/ zd4;23/ aumf4;18/ 1ouf5;28/ 2ouf3;18 ESifh Asm22;21)/ þpmaMumif;olYvufa&;ESifha&;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ 4if;rSmola&;aompmrSefaMumif;jyaomol enf;jzpfonf/ (2ouf 3;17?1aum 16;21?aum 4;18)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ /16;21

21ig\trIaqmifzufwdarmaorSpí? ig\tr sdK;vkud? ,mokef? ao mwdyw½kwdkYudkEIwf

16;21-23 þtcef;i,frsm;rSmjznfhpGufpmrsm;jzpfonf/ aum&dEÅKjrdKU½Sdaygvk\vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;onf rdrdwdkYEIwfqufpum;rsm;ydkYMujcif;jzpfonf/ 16;21 ]]vkud}} xdkolrSm

1/q&m0efvkumjzpfEdkifonf(aum 4;14)odkYr[kwf twGJvdkufpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;(idiom) jzpfjyD;]]tqifhjrifhynmwwfajrmufol}} [lívnf;jzpfEdkifonf/

2/ uka&aejynfom;vkudk (wref13;1) jzpfEdkifonf/

3/ rnfolrnf0grSef;rod&aomc&pf,mefwpfOD;jzpfEdkifonf/ ]],mokef}} olrSm oufomavmedNrdKUü aygvkwnf;cdk&m tdrf&Sif,mokefyifjzpfEdkifonf/ (wref 17;5-9)/  ]]aomwdyw½k}} þvlrSmaA&djrdKUom;aomwdyw½kjzpfEdkifonf/ wrefawmf 20;4/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ /16;22

22þpma&;om;oluREfkyfaw&wdonfocifbk &m;udkaxmufíoifwdkYudkEIqufyg\/

16;22 ]]þpmudka&;om;olonfaw&wd}} aygvkonfrdrd\pmrsm;udka&;ay;&efpma&;(amanuensis) wpf a,mufoHk;onf/ (1aum 16;21/ *vm 6;11/ aum 4;18/ 2ouf 3;17/) aygvkrSmrsufpdraumif; ojzifhay&Gufay (odkY) om;a&vdyfay:ae&macRwmum cyfMuyfMuyf? pmvHk;ao;ao;jzifh pmra&;Ekdifjcif; jzpfonf[kuREfkyfxifygonf/ (*vm 6;18)

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf; / / 16;23-24 23igESifh toif;awmfwpfckvHk;\tdrf&Sif*g,konf oifwkdYudkEIwfquf\/ NrdKUpma&; {&wåK? oifwdkY \nDuGmwkwkdYonf oifwkdYudkEIwfqufMu\/ 24«igwdkYocifa,½Ic&pfawmf\ aus;Zl;awmfonf oifwdkYtm;vHk;tay:&Sdapownf;/ tmrif» 16;23 ]]*g,k}} jzpfEdkifonfrSm

1/ wrefawmf 18;7 &Sd,kwåK

2/ a'&aANrdKUom;*g,k (wrefawmf 19;29/ 20;4/ 1aum 1;14) 3/ 3a,m? i,f 1 &Sd *g,k

]]igESifhtoif;awmfwpfckvHk;\tdrf&Sif}} toif;awmfüvkdtyfaeonfrSm {nfh0wfausyGefjcif;jzpf onf/ wwfEdkifaom,HkMunfoltcsdKUwkdYonfvSnfhvnfaomw&m;a[mq&mrsm;twGufwnf;cdk&ef tcef; rsm;jyifqifay;Muonf/ tcsdKUaomolwdkYenf;wl þvlonfvnf; olYtdrfudkpka0;0wfjyK&m ae&mtjzpf toHk;jyKaponf/ aetdrftoif;awmfrsm;onf ESpfaygif;wpf&mausmfoHk;aeusyHkpHjzpfcJhonf/ txl; taMumif; t&m/ / toif;awmf (EKKLESIA) 16;1 üMunfhyg/  ]]NrdKUpma&;{&wåK}} olYudk wrefawmf19;22/ 2wd4;20wdkYüvnf;az:jyonf/ olonfaygvkESifh qufpyfaomc&D;vnfhvnfoltrIawmfaqmifwpfOD;jzpfonf/



459

]]uGmwk}} þemrnfonf vufwifbmomü ]]pwkw¬ajrmuf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ olonfvufwif pum;]] wwd,}} [kt"dyÜg,f&Sdaom ]]aw&wd}} (i,f 22) \nDjzifhEdkifonf/ 16;24 þusrf;ydk'fonf tcsdKUaomf*&dvufa&;usrf;rem;jzpfonf/ P46,61, Aleph, A, B, C ESifh 0150 wkdYü ryg&Sdacs/ 4if;udk tcsdKU*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü 16;23 ESifh tcsdKUwkdYü 16;27 tNyD;üawGU&onf/ 4if;onf rl&if;pma&;olaygvka&;jcif;r[kwfaMumif;xif&Sm;onf/ NASB, NRSV, TEV ESifh NJB bmomjyef usrf;rsm;ücsefvSyfxm;onf/ UBS4 onf þcsyfvSyfrIudk ]]aocsm}} (A)tqifhowfrSwfonf/ 4if;rSm þMo0g'pmtm; þae&mü tqHk;owf&ef tm;xkwfrIwpfckjzpfum? tydwfbkef;awmfbGJUonf*&drl&if;pm trsdK;rsdK;ütcef;BuD; 14?15 ESifh 16 wkdYü&Sdaejcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/

NASB (aemufqHk;jyifqifaom) bmomjyefusrf;/ / 16;25-27/

25olonfig\{0Ha*vdw&m;ESifh a,½Ic&pfawmf taMumif;tm;a[majymjcif;ESifh tnDoif wkdYudkckdifcHhapEdkifpGrf;&Sdawm frloljzpf\/ vGefcJhaomuyfumvMumj rifhpGm zHk;uG,fxm;aomvQdKU0Su fcsufjzpfaomfvnf;,ckzGifhjyawmfrljcif;ESifh tnDjzpf\/ 26xm0&bk&m;\trdefYawmftwkdif; ya&m zufrsm;or®musrf;pmawmfESifh tnD,cktcgay: vGifxif&Sm;apum? vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vHk;wkdYonf ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcHjcif;&Sdapa&;twGufod&SdapcJhNyDjzpfonf/ 27wpfqlwnf;omvQif ynm&Sd oljzpfawmfrlaombk&m;ocifonf a,½Ic&pf awmftm;jzifh tpOfxm0&bkef;BuD;apawmfrlap ownf;/ tmrif/

16;25-27 4if;rSm*&dusrf;pmü0guswpfckjzpfonf/ þaumif;csD;ay;jcif;udk *&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;ü tcef;BuD; 14 tqHk;ESifh 15 tqHk;ESpfckpvHk;üygawGU&onf/ þMo0g'pm\t"dutcsufrsm;udkjyefí tusOf;csHKU&efaygvkudk,fwdkifrdrdvufjzifha&;om;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ þbkef;awmfbGJUonf atmufygwkdYteuf wpfckckjzpfEdkifonf[k tcsdKU,HkMunfMuonf/

1/ vSnfhywfay;ydkYaom {zufMo0g'pm\tzHk;pmom;

2/ a&mrNrdKUoGm;&mvrf;ay:&Sd olrsm;twGufjzpfonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf

(u) aygvkonf a&mrNrdKUodkroGm;cJhbl;aomfvnf; vlESpfq,fhajcmufa,mufwkdYudk EIwfqufpum;ay;ydkYonf/

(c) tcef;BuD; 16 onf q&morm;twkta,mifrsm;tm; yxrqHk;azmfjycsufjzpf onf/

(*) þbkef;awmfbGJUonf*&dvufa&;usrf;rsm;wGifrwlaomae&mtcsdKUüawGU&onf/ aygvkonfrdwåLESpfcka&;um tcef;BuD; 1-14 udka&mrNrdKUodkYydkYNyD; tcef;BuD; 1-16 udk {zufNrdKU odkYydkYjcif;vnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ þtqdkrsm;udk atmufygwdkYonftajzay;avh&Sd\/

1/ ueOD;uc&pf,meftrIawmfaqmiftrsm;tjym;wdkYrSmc&D;vnfhvnfolrsm;jzpfjcif;/

2/ rnfonfh*&dvufa&;usrf;rStcef;MuD16rygbJr½Sdjcif;/

3/ 14;1-15;13onfq&morm;twkta,mifrsm;udkqdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/

16;25]]EdkifpGrf;½Sdawmfrloljzpf\}} 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif\ xl;qef;aombGJYemrawmfwpfckjzpfjyD; "r®opf usrf;ü oHk;Mudrfyg½Sdonf/({zuf3;20/,k'24)/ bk&m;ocifonf,HkMunfolrsm;udkcdkifcHhapyHkrSm1/ aygvk\{0H*vdowif;aumif;a[majymrI

2/ a,½Ic&pfawmftaMumif;a[majymrI

3/vQdKU0SufzHk;uG,fvmcJhaomu,fwifjcif;qdkif&mbk&m;ocif\tpDtpOfawmftm;zGifhjyrI/ ,HkMunfolrsm;udk{0H*vdowif;aumif;tm;od½Sdjcif;jzifhpGrf;tm;½Sdaponf/ ,cktcgþ{0H*vd owif;aumif;onfvlom;tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/  ]]vQdKU0SufzHk;uG,fxm;aomt&m}} bk&m;ocifonf vlom;rusqif;rDuyifvlom;tm;a&G;EIwfa&; twGufpkpnf;aom&nf&G,fcsuf½SdcJhonf/(urÇmOD; 3)/ þtpDtpOf\t&dyft`rGufrsm;"r®a[mif;usrf;ü zGifhjyxm;onf/ (urÇmOD; 3;15/ 12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6 ESifh ya&mzufusrf;rsm;wpfavQmufü)/ odkUaomf tpDtpOftjynfhtpHkrSmrlaocsmrod½Sd&acs/ (1aum2;6-8)a,½IESifh0dnmOfawmf<uvmjcif;ESifh twl4if; rSmydkrdkay:vGifvmcJhonf/ xdka&G;EIwfjcif;tpDtpOfwpfckvHk;udkaz:jy&efaygvkonf ]]vQdKU0SufzHk;uG,foam t&m}} mystery [laompum;vHk;oHk;onf/ (1aum4;1/ {zuf2;11-3;13/ 6;19/ aum4;3/ 1wd1;92)/ odkYaomfolonfþa0g[m&udkt"dyÜg,ftrsdK;rsdK;jzifhoHk;onf/

1/ wpfyg;trsdK;rsm;yg0ifvmap&ef tpöa&;rsm;tm;wpfpdwfwpfydkif; (acwå) rmausmapjcif;/ wyg;trsdK;rsm;tajrmuftrsm;0if;vmjcif;onf*sL;rsm;tm; a,½Iudktem*wdÅusrf;\ c&pfawmftjzpf vufcH&ef,EÅ&m;ozG,fvkyfaqmifvdrfhrnf/ (a&mr11;25-32)/

2/ {0H*vdowif;aumif;udkvlrsdK;rsm;tm;odem;vnfaponf/ olwdkYtm;vHk;c&pfawmftxJü ESifhc&pfawmfrSwqifhyg0ifaponf/ (a&mr 16;25-27/ aum 2;2)/

3/ 'kwd,tMudrffjyefvnf<uvmonfhtcg,HkMunfolrsm;&½Sdrnfhudk,fcEÅmtopf(1aum 15;557/ 1ouf 4;13-18)/

5/ wyg;trsdK;rsm;ESifh*sL;wdkYrSmtarGcHazmfcHzufrsm;jzpfonf/({zuf1;11?3;13)/

6/ c&pfawmfESifhtoif;awmf\ &if;ESD;aomqufqHa&;udkvufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;qdkif&ma0g [m&rsm;ESifhaz:jyonf/ ({zuf 5;22-23)

7/ wyg;trsdK;rsm;udky#dnmOfcHvlrsdK;awmfxJyg0ifapum? c&pfawmf\0dnmOfawmfudef;0yf jcif;jzifhc&pfawmfenf;wl&ifhusufaponf/ 4if;rSmusqif;aomvlom;txJysuf,Gif;oGm;cJhaom bk&m;ocif\oP²mefawmftm;azmfxkwfjcif;? (urÇm 6;5? 11-13? 8;21)vlYtxJbk&m; ocifudk jyefvnfazmfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ (urÇm 1;26-27/ 5;1/ 9;6/ aum1;26-28)/

8/ aemufqHk;aomumv\tEÅDc&pf/ (2ouf2;1-11)/

9/ vQdKU0SufzHk;uG,faomt&mtm;toif;awmf\ tapmydkif;umvütusOf;csKHUazmfjyrIwpfck (1wd1;16) üawGY&onf/

þvQdKUcsuf(0g)bk&m;ocif\tpDtpOfawmfudk,cktcgvlom; tm;vHk;tm;½Sif;vif;pGmzGifhjycJhjyDjzpfonf/ 4if;rSma,½Ic&pfawmf\{0H*vdowif;aumif;jzpfonf/ ({zuf 2;11-3;13)/

]]or®musrf;pmawmfESifhtnD}} bk&m;ocifonfþvQdKU0Sufcsufudka,½I\yk*¾dKvfESifhvkyfaqifrItm; jzifhzGifhjycJhjyDjzpfonf/ 4if;udk"r®a[mif;ya&mzufrsm;MudKwifa[majymcJhMuonf/ ,HkMunfol*sL;ESifh wyg;

461

avh½Sdonf/ (urÇm 3;15?12;3/ xGuf 19;5-6/ a,& 31;31-34)/

txl;taMumif;t&m/ / xm0&

Robert B. Girdlestone onfrdrdpmtkyf Synonyms of the Old Testament ü ]]xm0&}} [laom pum;vHk;taMumif;pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&mrSwfcsufwpfckjyKonf/

]]emr0daooejzpfaom}}

aionios udk"r®opfusrf;ütMudrfaygif;av;q,fausmfoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm xm0&toufESifh qdkifíoHk;jcif;jzpfum?vuf½SdvkyfaqmifrIwpf&yfjzpfjyD;? tem*wftwGuf uwdpum;wpf&yftjzpfvnf;oHk;onf/ 4if;onfa&mr 16;26 ürSmuJhodkYbk&m;ocif\tqHk;r½Sdaomwnf½Sd awmfrljcif;twGufESifh a[jAJ9;12rSmuJhodkYc&pfawmfjyKaomtjypfajzjcif;\tqHk;r½SdvHkavmufrItwGufvnf; aumif;?a&mr16;25/ 2wd1;9/ wdwk 1;2 rsm;rSmuJhodkYtwdwfumvrsm;udkazmfjy&efvnf;aumif;oHk;onf/ þpum;vHk;udkxm0&rD; tm;azmfjy&ef róJ 18;8? 25? 41/ ,k'2 wdkYüvnf;aumif;? xm0&jypf 'Pfay;jcif; tm;azmfjy&ef róJ 25;46üvnf;aumif;? xm0&w&m;pD&ifjcif;(0g) jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;tm;azmf jy&efrmuk 3;29/ a[jAJ 6;2wdkYüvnf;aumif;? xm0&zsufpD;jcif;tm;azmfjy&ef 2ouf1;9 üvnf;aumif; oHk;onf/ þusrf;ydk'frsm;üþpum;vHk;onf aemufqHk;ydwf[laomt"dyÜg,f½Sdum þw&m;pD&ifjcif;rsm; touf0ifonfhtcsdefwGifrlprf;oyf&mumvrsm;? tajymif;tvJjyK&mumvrsm; (odkY) rdrdb0 uHMur®mjyefonf/ &½Sda&;wdkYonft<uif;rJhESifhxm0&ukefqHk;awmhrnfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonfxm0&[laom tvif;üMunfh aomtcgtem*wftaMumif;? vlYb0ESifh 4if;aemufydkif;\qufpyfyHk? r,HkMunfrIonf udk,fusifhw&m; tm;jzifhrnfrQMuD;av;yHktaMumif;wdkYudktenf;tusOf;rQ

omod½Sd xm;MuaMumif; ay:vGifaponf/ bk&m; ocif\EIwfuywfawmftm;jznfhpGufjcif;onf rSm;,Gif;aomt&mjzpfygu 4if;tm;EIwf,ljcif;udk vnf;tjyK&acs/ or®musrf;pmüazmfjyonfhtwdkif;xm0&jypf'Pfay;jcif; [laom Mo0g'atmufü,dkif oGm;cJhMuonfqdkvQif rem;vnfEdkifaom arSmifrdkufonfhaemufcH wpfckwnf ½dSaeaMumif;0efcH&if;jzifhc&pf awmftxJbk&m;ocif\ arwÅmawmfowif;aumif;tm;zufwG,fum? apmifharQae&jcif;tm;auseyf a&mifh&JvQuf½SdaeMu&efjzpfay onf (pm 318-319)/

AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE

bk&m;ocifonf{0H*vdowif;aumif;udk wpfurÇmvHk;twGufay;prf;cJhjyDjzpfum?

(urÇm 3;15)

NASB ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcHjcif;½Sdvmap&ef/}}

NRJV ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcH&eftwGuf/}}

NRSV ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;emc Hjcif;odkYvnfhvmap&ef/}}

TEV ]],HkMunfjcif;w&m;tm;emcHjcif;½Sdvmap&ef/}}

NJV ]]olwdkYtm;vHk;onf,HkMunfjcif;w&m;emcHvmap&ef/}}

þpum;pktm;trsdK;rdsK;em;vnfEdkifonf/

1/ c&pfawmftaMumif;Mo0g'

2/ c&pfawmftm; udk;pm;jcif;

3/ tpjyKjcif;ESifhqufvufjcif;ESpfckpvHk;jzifh{0H*vdowif;aumif;tm;emcHjcif;

]]emcHonf}} (1;5) [kqdk&mü"r®oabmw&m;t& aemifw&jcif;ESifh,HkMunfjcif;aygif;pyfjcif; jzpf&ayrnf/ (rmuk 1;15/ wref 3;16? 19/ 20;21)/ 16;27 ]]wpfqlwnf;omvQifynm½Sdjzpfawmfrlolbk&m;ocif}} 4if;onfwpfqlwnf;aombk&m;t,l 0g'udknTef;qdkonf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m3;30ESifhw&m;a[m6;4-5üMunfhyg/) c&pf,mefonf *sL;bm omrSmuJhodkYbk&m;wpfqlomvQif½Sdaomfvnf;bk&m;tjynfht0a,½IESifhyk*d¾Kvftjynfht0jzpf ol0dnmOf awmfonfuRefawmfwdkYtm; ]]oHk;yg;aygif;pyfaom}} oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;xHawmfodkYtwif;t "r®armif;ydkY oGm;yg onf/ (txl;taMumif;t&m 8;11 üMunfhyg/)  ]]tpOfxm0&bkef;MuD;apawmfrlownf;}} 3;23\rSwfcsufüMunfhyg/  ]]tmrif}} txl;taMumif;t&m 1;25üMunfhyg/ aqG;aEG;jcif;ar;cGef;rsm;/ þpmtkyfrSmrnfuJhodkYteufzGifh&rnf taMumif; vrf;nTefr tm;avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdk onfrSmor®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&efrdrd\ wm0efjzpfonf[kqdkvdkonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd&½Sdaomtvif;xJavQmufoGm;&ayrnf/ or®musrf;pmtm;teufjyef&müoifudk,fwdkif or®musrf;pmESifh 0dnmOfawmfwdkYrSm y"getusqHk;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;tvkyfudkteufzGifhusrf;a&;olrsm; tay:üomyHkcs&efr[kwfacs/ aqG;aEG;&efjzpfaomþar;cGef;rsm;rSm þusrf;\þtydkif;wGifyg0ifaomw"dutaMumif;t&mrsm; udkpOf;pmqifjcifEdkif&efyHhydk;zdkYjzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkr[kwfbJ? pOf;pm;qifjcifrItm;EdI;qGay;jcif;omjzpfonf/

1/ aygvkonfa&mrjrdKUodkYudk,fwdkifra&mufcJhzl;bJ? a&mrtoif;awmfxJ½Sdþvlrsm;tm;vHk;rnfodkY owd&oenf;¿

2/ trsdK;orD;oif;axmufrsm;twGuf or®musrf;pmtaxmuftxm;wpfckck½Sdygovm;¿ (16;1/ 2wd3;11?5;3-16)

3/ þtcef;MuD;twGif;pm&if;0iftrsdK;orD;tajrmuftrsm;onf rnfonfht&mudkqdkvdkoenf;¿

4/ q&morm;twkta,mifrsm;\enf;vrf;ESifh a[majymaomowif;pum;udkaz:jyyg¿ (i,f17;18) þtcef;BuD;udk wpfxdkifwnf;ESifh zwfyg/ yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; owfrSwfazmfjyyg/ rdrd \taMumif;t&mcGJjcm;rIrsm;udk þacwfopfbmomjyefusrf; ig;usrf;wkdYESifh EdIif;,SOfyg/ pmydk'frsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rl&if;usrf;jyKol\ &nf&G,fcsuftm;em;vnf&efaomhcsufjzpf onf/ 4if;rSmteufzGifhjcif;\t"dur@dKifjzpfonf/ pmydk'fwpfckon taMumif;t&mwpfckjzpfNyD;? pmydk'fütaMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;&Sdonf/

yxrpmydk'f

aemufqufwGJ wpf/ *&do'´ga0g[m&rsm;tm;tusOf;csKyf&Sif;vif;jcif;

Koine Greek bmomudk Hellenistic Greek-[,fvifepf*&dpum; [kvnf;ac:avh&Sdonf/ r[mtvufZE´m;- Alexander the Great (336-323 bDpD) bk&ifBuD;\atmifEdkifcsdefrSpNyD; ajrxJyif v,fywf0ef;usifurÇm\bHkpum;jzpfvmum ESpfaygif; 300 cefYwnfwHhcJhonf/ (300 bDpD-at'D 500)/ 4if;pum;rSmem;vnfvG,faomtqifhjrifh*&dpum;rQomr[kwfbJ *&dpum;topfwpfrsdK;jzpf vmum a&S;acwfta&SUtv,fykdif;ESifhajrxJyifv,furÇmü 'kwd,bmompum;jzpfvmcJhonf/ "r®opfusrf;üoHk;aom*&dpum;rSm tEIdif;rJhbmompum;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdk aomf vkumESifha[NAJMo0g'pma&;om;olwdkYrSty xkdusrf;tm;a&;om;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkYrlvbmom pum;tjzpf tm&rdpum;ajymolrsm; jzpfMuonfESifhwlonf/ xdkYaMumifholwdkY\ta&;tom;rsm;udk tm&rdtoHk;tEIef; ESifhzJGYpnf;yHkrsm;vTrf;rdk;aeonf/ xkdYjyif Koine Greek bmomjzifha&;om;aom Septuagint ("r®a[mif;*&dbmomjyefusrf;)udkvnf;olwdkYzwf½Ium tudk;tum;jyKMuonf/ odkYaomf xdkusrf;udk rdcifbmom Greek r[kwfaom*sL;ynm&Sifrsm;a&;om;cJhMujcif;jzpfaejyefonf/ þtcsufonfuRefawmfwdkYudk owday;aeonfrSm "r®opfusrf;tm;o'´gzGJUpnf;yHkudk vdkufí twif;tusyfwGef;tm;ray;Edkif[laomtcsufjzpf\/ 4if;onftwktEIdif;rJhonfrSefaomfvnf;(1)*&d bmomjyef"r®a[mif;usrf; Septuagint (2) a,m&SzwfuJhodkYaom*sL;pmayta&;tom;rsm; (3) tD*spf EdkifiHüawGU&aomaypmrsm;ESifh rsm;pGmwlnDonf/ odkYjzpfvQif"r®opfusrf;tm;o'´genf;uscsOf;uyfavh vmrIrnfodkYjyKrnfenf;¿

Koine Greek ESifh "r®opfusrf;\ Koine Greek pum;wdkYrSmyHkaoum;usr&Sdacs/ xkdumvrSm½dk; pif;aomo'´goabmacwfpm;csdefjzpfonf/ usrf;pum;uqufpyfoabmrSm t"duvrf;jyjzpfayrnf/ pum;vHk;rsm;onf ydkíus,fjyefYaompum;tquftpyftm;jzifhom t"dyÜg,f&SdMuojzifh o'´gzGJUpnf;yHk udkem;vnfoabmayguf&efrSm (1) usrf;jyKyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;\pma&;[efESifh (2) oD;jcm;pum;tquf tpyfrsm;\tvif;tm;jzifhjzpfonf/

*&dyHkpHESihfzJGUpnf;yHktwdtusjzifhrnfonfhtqHk;tjzwfay;aom t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufudkrSray;Edkifacs/ Koine Greek pum;onfBud,mudktajcjyKaombmompum;jzpfonf/ teufjyef&efaomhcsuf rSmBud,mrsm;\trsdK;tpm;ESifhyHkpHjzpfonf/ 0guswpfck\tpdwftykdif;rsm;ü Bud,mrSmt&ifyxrvm NyD;4if;\ta&;ygxl;jcm;rIudkay:vGifaponf/ *&dBud,mrsm;avhvmonfhtcgrSwfom;&eftcsufoHk; csuf&Sdonf/ (1) umvjyyk'f\t"dutxl;jyKrI? jyKvkyfol(0g)tjyKcH&ol(passive or active)wnf; [laom voice ESifh mood ac:pum;vHk;a0g[m&yHkoP²mefajymif;vJyHkrsm; (2) Bud,mwpfck\tajccH t"dyÜg,fESifh (3) taMumif;t&m(0g) pum;tquftpyfoabm\toGm;tvm(syntax)wdkYjzpfonf/

1/ umvjyyk'frsm; ( TENSE ) u/ umvjyyk'f (tense) odkYr[kwf oGifjyifoabmjyaom Bud,mrsm;on NyD;pD;cJhNyD;aomvkyf aqmifrIwpfck odkYr[kwf rNyD;pD;ao;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckESifh rnfodkYqufpyfaMumif;yg0if onf/

4if;udk]]NHyD;pD;jcif;}}- perfective ESifh ]]rNyD;pD;ao;jcif;}}- imperfective [kac:onf/

1/ Perfective tenses-NyD;pD;aom yk'frsm;ü vkyfaqmifrIwpf&yf jzpfay:onfqkdonhf tcsufudkpl;pdkufonf/ wpfpHkwpf&mjzpfysufcJhaMumif;uvTJvQifwjcm;taMumif; t&mrazmfjyacs/ xkdt jyKtrl\tp? qufvufoGm;jcif;ESifh tqHk;owfjcif;wkdYudk rajymjyacs/

2/ Imperfective tenses -rNyD;pD;aomyk'frsm;ü vkyfaqmifrIwpf&yfqufvufaejcif;\jzpf pOfudkpl;pdkufjyKonf/ 4if;udktwdkif;t&SnfjyvkyfaqmifrI? umvtwkdif;t&Snfjyvkyf aqmifrIwkd;wuf jzpfay:rIjyaomvkyfaqmifrIrsm;...pojzifhESifh azmfjyEkdifonf/

c/ umvjyyk'frsm;udkpma&;olonf tjyKtrlwpf&yfqufvufjzpfaeyHkudk rnfodkY½IjrifaMumif; atmufygtwdkif;trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;Edkifonf/

1/ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:cJhonf = AORIST

2/ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:cJhumtusdK;oufa&mufrIwnfNrJonf = PERFECT

3/ vkyfaqmifrIonftwdwfumvüjzpfay:cJhumtusdK;oufa&mufrIwnfNrJcJh aomfvnf; ,ckrwnfNrJawmhacs = PLUPERFECT

4/ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:aeonf = PRESENT

5/ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:vsuf&SdcJhonf = IMPERFECT

6/ vkyfaqmifrIjzpfay:vdrfhrnf = FUTURE umvjyyk'frsm;onf teufjyef&mü rnfodkYyHhykd;rIay;aMumif;cdkifcHhaom Oyrm wpfckrSm ]]u,fwifonf}} [laoma0g[m&jzpfonf/ u,fwifjcif;\ jzpfpOfESifh tqHk;owfrIESpfrsdK; pvHk;jy&ef þa0g[m&udkrwlaomumvjyyk'f - Tense tawmfrsm;rsm;üoHk;onf/

1/ AORIST = ]]u,fwifcJhonf}} (a&mr 8;24)

2/ PERFECT = ]]u,fwifcJhNyD;&v'frSmqufvufwnfaeonff}} ({zuf 2;5?8)

3/ PRESENT = ]]u,fwif(jcif;&)aeonf}} (1aum 1; / 15;2)

4/ FUTURE = ]]u,fwif(jcif;&)vdrfhrnf}} (a&mr 5;9?10/10;9)

*/ Bud,mwpfck\umvrsm;udktm½HkjyK&mü teufjyefolrsm;onf rlvusrf;jyKoltaejzifhumv wpfcktwGif;rdrdudk,frdrdtb,faMumifhxkdodkYjyo&jcif;\taMumif;&if;udk&SmMuonf/ AORISTrSmtem;oyfrygaomumvjyjzpfonf/4if;rSm ]]twdtusr[kwfaom}} ]]rSwfom;csuf rygaom}} (0g) ]]tvHwifjcif;r&Sdaom}} Bud,myHkpHjzpfonf/ usrf;pum;tquftpyfoabm tm;jzifhomtwdtusem;vnfNyD; toHk;jyKyHktrsdK;rsdK;&SdEdkifonf/ 4if;onfwpfpHkwpf&mjzpf ysufcJhaMumif;½dk;½dk;av;azmfjyonf/ twdwfumv\oabmonf

INDICATIVE MOOD ESifhomqkdifonf/ tjcm;umvjyyk'f (TENSE) rsm;oHk;yguydkrdkwdusapvdkíjzpfonf/ odkYaomf rnfonfhumvjyyk'fenf;¿

1/ PERFECT TENSE 4if;onfvkyfaqmifrIwpfckNyD;pD;oGm;cJhaMumif;ESifh4if;\&v'f (0g) 4if;aMumifhjzpfvmaomt&mrSmaysmufysufroGm;bJqufvuf&SdaeaMumif;ajymonf/wpfe nf;tm;jzifh4if;rSm AORIST ESifh PRESENT TENSE (twdwfESifhypöKyÜefESpfrsdK; aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfonf/ azmfjyvkdonfht&mrSm qufvuf&Sdaeaom&v'fjzpfEkdifonfenf;

wlvkyfaqmifrINyD;pD;oGm;aMumif;vnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ Oyrm {zuf 2;5 ESihf 8 ü ]]oif wkdYonfu,fwifjcif;cHcJhMuumqufvufíu,fwifjcif;cHMuonf/}}

2/ PLUPERFECT TENSE 4if;rSm PERFECT ESifhwlaomfvnf;&v'frSmqufvufroGm; bJ&yfqdkif;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif;azmfjyrIjzpfonf/ Oyrm ]]ayw½konfwHcg;tjyifbufü&yf vsuf&SdaecJhonf}} (a,m 18;16)

3/ PRESENT TENSE 4if;onfrNyD;qHk;ao;aomvkyfaqmifrIwpfckudkajymonf/ vkyf aqmifrIwpfckqufvufae aMumif;azmfjyonf/ Oyrm ]]ocifbk&m;txJwnfae onfqufvufítjypfrjyKacs/}} ]]bk&m;ocifjzpfbGm;apaomolonfqufvufít jypfrusL;vGefacs/}} (1a,m 3;6?8)

4/ IMPERFECT TENSE ypöKyÜefumvjyyk'f PRESENT TENSE ESifh qufpyfrIü PLUPERFECT ESifhwdkY\qufpyfyHktwkdif;jzpfonff/ þ IMPERFECT onfNyD;jywf jynfpHkjcif; r&SdaomvkyfaqmifrI wpfckonf twdwfüjzpfysufcJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg&yf wHhcJhNyD;jzpfonf odkYr[kwf vkyfaqmifrIwpfck\tprSmtwdwfumvüjzpfaMumif;jy onf/ Oyrm ]]xkdYaemufa,½k&SvifwpfNrdKUvHk;olYxHokdYtqufrjywfoGm;aecJhMuonf}} odkYr[kwf ]]xdkYaemufa,½k&SvifwpfNrdKUvHk;olYxHodkYxGufoGm; &efpwifcJhMuonf}} (róJ 3;5)

5/ FUTURE TENSE 4if;onftem*wfumvüjzpfvwHhaom vkyfaqmifrIudkajymonf/ trSefwu,fjzpfysufEdkifacs&Sdjcif;? jzpfEdkifaomtvm;tvm&Sdjcif;ukdajymonf/ aocsm jzpfrnfht&mudkajymavh&Sdonf/ Oyrm ]]r*Fvm&SdMu\...olwdkYonf...Mu\}} (róJ 5;49)

2/ jyKol^tjyKc (VOICE H)

u/ Voice onfBud,m\tvkyfESifh4if;\uwåm;wnf;[laomvkyfaqmifolwdkY\qufpyfrIudkazmf jyonf/

c/ ACTIVE VOICE onfBud,m\tvkyfudkxkd0gus\uwåm;udk,fwkdifvkyfaMumif;ajymjcif;jzpf NyD;txl;wvnfajymjcif;rygbJyHkrSefarQmfvifhxm;onfhtwdkif;azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/

*/ PASSIVE VOICE onfxkd0gus\ uwåm;rSmBud,mjyKaomvkyfaqmifrIudkcH&oljzpfNyD; vkyf aqmifolrSm0gusüazmfjyjcif;r&Sdaomjyifyvlyk*¾Kvf (0g) t&mwpfckjzpfonf/ xkdvkyfaqmifrI udkjyKoljyifyvl (0g) t&mtm;"r®opfusrf;*&düatmufyg0dbwfrsm; (0g) cases rsm;tm;jzifh azmfjyonf/

1/ vltm;jzihfwdkuf½dkufvkyfaqmifrIudk hupo 0dbwfESifhtwl

ABLATIVE CASE jzifh azmfjyonf/(róJ 1;22/ wref 22;30)

2/ vltm;jzifhwdkuf½dkufr[kwf? oG,f0dkufvnf;r[kwfbJtv,ftvwftaetxm;jzifh (Mum;ae)vkyfaqmifrIudk(0g) erf0dbwfESifhtwl ABLATIVE CASE azmfjyonf/ (róJ 1;22)

3/ vltm;jzifhr[kwfaomvkyfaqmifrIudk en 0dbwfESifhtwl

INSTRUMENTAL CASE jzifhazmfjyonf/

4/ wpfcgwpfavvltm;jzifhvkyfaqmifrIjzpfap? vltm;jzifhr[kwfaomvkyfaqmifrIjzpfap?

INSTRUMENTAL CASE jzifhomazmfjyonf/

C/ MIDDLE VOICE [lonfh0gus\uwåm;onf Bud,m\vkyfaqmifrIudkjyKoljzpfum xdk Bud,m\vkyfaqmifrIüwkduf½dkufyg0ifonf/ þzGJYpnf;rIonf0guswpfck(0g)0guswpfykdkif;\ uwåm;ukdwpfenf;enf;jzifhtxl;jyKonf/ þzGJUpnf;yHkrsdK;t*Fvdyfbmompum;ür&Sdacs/ *&d bmompum;ü þzJGUpnf;ykHwGifjzpfEdkifaomt"dyÜg,fESifh bmomjyefEdkifyHkus,fjyefYpGm&Sdonf/ Oyrm tcsdKUrSSm-

1/ REFLEXIVE -uwåm;\vkyfaqmifrIonfuwåm;tay:üyifoufa&mufonf/ Oyrm ]]olYudk,folBudK;qGJcsonf}}(róJ 27;5)

2/ INTENSIVE - uwåm;onfvkyfaqmifrIukdrdrdtwGufyifjyKvkyfonf/ Oyrm ]]pmwef onftvif;\aumif;uifwreftjzpfolYukd,fola,mifaqmifonf}} (2aum 11;14)

3/ twHkYtvSnfh^tjyeftvSef- uwåm;ESpfckwdkYwpfckay:wpfck twHkYtvSnfhvkyfaqmif jcif;/ Oyrm ]]olwdkYtcsif;csif;wkdifyifMu\}}(róJ 26;4)

3/ pdwftajctaejyyk'f MODE (odkYr[kwf) MODE

u/ Koine Greek ü (pdwf) tajctaejyykk'fav;rsdK;av;pm;&Sdonf/ Bud,monf wu,fh tjzpftysufjzpfaMumif;ESifh tenf;qHk;tm;jzifh pma&;ol\pdwfxJütrSefyifjzpfysuf aMumif;jyonf/ tajctaejyyk'frsm;udk us,fjyefYaomtrsdK;tpm;ESpfrsdK;jzifhcGJjcm;Edkif onf/ tppftrSefjzpfysufrIudkazmfjyjcif; (INDICATIVE)ESifh jzpfysufEdkifajctvm;t vm udkazmfjyjcif;( SUBJUNCTIVE IMPERATIVE ESifh OPTATIVE) [líjzpfonf/

c/ INDICATIVE MOOD rSmyHkrSef MOOD jzpfNyD;jzpfay:cJhNyD;aomt&m (0g) jzpfay:ae aomt&mudkazmfjyjcif;jzpfítenf;qHk;taejzifh pma&;ol\pdwfxJjzpfay:aejcif;udk jyonf/ jzpfay:rIrSmwdusaomtcsdefwpfcsdefüjzpfaMumif; Greek pum;üom&Sdum þ ae&müajymonfhtrsdK;tpm;rSm'kwd,wef;pm;yifjzpfaeao;onf/

*/ SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD onftem*wfüjzpfEdkifacs&SdaomvkyfaqmifrIudkjyonf/ wpfpHk wpf&mrSmrjzpfysufao;aomfvnf;jzpfysufrnfhtvm;tvmaumif;&Sdonf/ 4if;onf FUTURE INDICATIVE ESifh rsm;pGmwlonf/ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrSm SUBJUNCTIVE onf wpfpHkwpfckaomtwkdif;twm txdoHo,&Sdjcif;udkjyonf/ t*Fvdyfbmomü4if;udk ]] could }} ]] would }} ]] may }} (0g) ]] might }} pum;vHk;rsm; jzihfazmfjyonf/

C/ OPTATIVE MOOD onfoabmw&m;tm;jzifhjzpfEdkifaompdwfqE´&SdMuonf/ 4if; onf SUBJUNCTIVE xufjzpfEdkifacs&SdrIaemufxyfwpfvSrf;qkyfukdifjcif;jzpfonf[k wGufqxm;Muonf/ OPTATIVE onftajctaetcsdKYatmufüjzpfEdkifacs&SdyHkudkazmf jyonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü OPTATIVE rSm&Sm;yg;onf/ 4if;onftrsm;tm;jzifhaygvk\ xif&Sm;aom]]rnfonfhtcgürQxdkodkYrjzpf&}} ]]May it never be}} (KJV ]] God forbid}}) pum;pküawGU&NyD;wq,fhig;BudrfoHk;onf/ (a&mr 3;4?6?31/ 6;2?15/7;7?13/9;14/

11;1?11/ 1aum 6;15/ *vm 2;17/3;21/6;14)/ tjcm;Oyrmrsm;rSm 1ouf 1;38/ 20;16/ wref 8;20 ESifh 1ouf 3;11/

i/ IMPERATIVE MOOD 4if;onfjzpfEdkifajc½Sdaomapcdkif;jcif;udk txl;jyKaomfvnf;? xdktxl;jyKrIonf ajymqdkol\MuH½G,fcsufay:üjzpfonf/ 4if;onfpdwfapwemtm; jzifhjzpfEdkifajc½SdrIudkajymjcif;rQomjzpfum? tjcm;ol\a&G;cs,frIay:üomrlwnfonf/ IMPERATIVE qkawmif;jcif;rsm;ESifh wwd,yk*d¾Kvftm;jzifhjyKaomawmif;qdkrI^ arwåm &yfcHrIrsm;ütxl;ojzifhoHk;onf/ þapcdkkif;jcif;rsm;udk"r®opfusrf;wGif PRESENT ESifh AORIST rsm;üomawGY&onf/ p/ tcsdKUo'´gpmtkyfrsm;ü PARTICIPLE rsm;udk MOOD wpfrsdK;tjzpfaz:jyonf/ þESpf rsdK;rSm"r®opf*&dpum;ütvGefwljyD; VERBAL ADJECTIVE tjzpfrSwf,lavh½Sdum? t"duMud,mESifhqufpyfíbmomjyefavh½SdMuonf/

PARTICIPLE rsm;udktrsdK;rsdK; us,fjyefYpGmbmomjyefEdkifonf/ t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;trsdK;rsdK;üMunfh&eftaumif; qHk;jzpfonf/ Baker yHkESdyfwdkufrSxkwfa0aom The Bible in Twenty Six Translation rSmrsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKygonf/

q/ AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE rSmtjzpftysufwpfckudk yHkrSef(0g) ]]owfrSwfcsuf rxm;aom}} yHkpHjzifhrSwfwrf;wifjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf4if;ütjcm;umvjyyk'f (tense) voice (jyKol? tjyKcHyk'f) odkYr[kwfpma&;ol ajymvdkaomt&mudktwdtusteufaz: Edkif&eft"dyÜg,fr½Skdjzpfonf/

4/ *&dbmompum;rwwfuRrf;olrsm;twGuf atmufygtaxmuftuljyK pmtkyfrsm;rS vdktyfaomtaMumif;trsdK;rsdK;&½SdEdkifonf/

u/ Freberg, Barbara ESifh Timothy wdkYa&;om;jyKpkonfh Analytical Greek New Testament Grand Rapids: Baker pmyHkESdyfwdkuf 1988/

c/ Marshall, Alfred a&;om;jyKpkonfh Interlinear Greek-English New Testamen. Grand Rapids: Baker Zondervan pmyHkESdyfwdkuf 1976/

*/ Mounce, William D a&;om;jyKpkonfh The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Tastement. Grand Rapids: Zondervan pmyHkESdyfwdkuf1993/

C/ Summers, Ray wddkYa&;om;jyKpkonfh Essentials of New Testament Greek Nashville: Broadman pmyHkESdyfwdkuf 1950/ i/ tqifhjrifhjrifhoifMum;ay;aom Koine Greek pmay;,loifcef;pmrsm; Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, IL rS&Edkifonf/

emrfrsm; - NOUNS

0gusrsm;zGJUpnf;yHkt&emrfrsm;udktaMumif;t&m (case) rsm;tm;jzifhtrsdK;tpm;cGJonf/ (case)

[lonfemrfyHkpHwpfckrScGJxGufum Mud,mESifh0gus\ tjcm;tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh qufpyfyHkudkjyonf/

466

Kiine Greek pum;ü(case) \tvkyfvkyfyHkrsm;pGmwdkYudk0dbwfrsm;jzifhjyonf/ (case) onf qufpyfrItrsdK;rsdK;udkowfrSwfaz:jyEdkifojzifh? 0dbwfrsm;onf4if;wdkYudkydkrdk½Sif;vif;aponf/

c/ Greek bmompum;ü (case) wdkYudkatmufygtwdkif;trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;Edkifonf/

1/ NOMINATIVE CASE trnfemray;&efoHk;avh½SdjyD;0gus (0g) 0gustydkif;wpfck\ uwÅm;jzpfavh½Sdonf/ 4if;udkjzpfjcif;wGJpyfrIjyaomMud,mrsm; to be (or) become wdkY ESifh twl PREDICATE NOUN ESifh ADJECTIVE rsm;üvnf;oHk;onf/

2/ GENITIVE CASE az:jyrItjzpfoHk;um? 4if;ESifhqufpyfaompum;vHk;\*kPft*Fg (0g) t&nftcsif;owfrSwfavh½Sdonf/ 4if;onfrnfonfhtrsdK;tpm;jzpfaMumif;ar;cGef;udk tajzay;onf/ 4if;onft*Fvdyf0dbwf “of ” jzifhaz:jyavh½Sdonf/

3/

BLATIVE CASE udk GENITIVE uJhodkYpum;vHk;yHkpHajymif;vJtoHk;jyKyHk wlnDaomf vnf;4if;udkoD;jcm;cGJxkwfjcif;tm;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ 4if;onf tcsdef? ae&m? rlv &if;jrpf? rlvtp (0g) twdkif;twm (degree) wpfckrScGJxGufjcif;? oD;jcm;jzpfoGm; jcif;udkjyavh½Sdonf/ 4if;udkt*Fvdyf0dbwf “from” jzifhaz:jyonf/

4/

DATIVE CASE yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&mrsm; az:jy&efoHk;onf/ tjyKoabmjzpfap? tysuf oabmjzpfapaz:jyEdkifonf/ 4if;rSmwkduf½dkufuHyk'fwnf; (DIRECT OBJECT) jzpfavh ½Sdonf/ t*Fvyf0dbwf “to” jzifhaz:jyavh½Sdonf/

5/

LOCATIVE CASE rSm DATIVE uJhodkYpum;vHk;ajymif;vJyHkwlnDaomfvnf;ae&m? tcsdef (0g) usdK;aMumif;qifjcifwHk;w&m;qdkif&muefYowfrIrsm;\ taetxm; (odkY) wnf ae&mudkaz:jyonf/ 4if;udkt*Fvdyf0dbwfrsm;jzpfaom “in, on, at, among, during, by, upon, beside” rsmtm;jzifhaz:jyavh½Sdonf/

6/

INSTRUMENTAL CASE onf DATIVE uJhodkYpum;vHk;ajymif;vJyHkwlnDonf/ 4if; onfenf;vrf; (means) odkYr[kwfwGJpyfrIudkaz:jyonf/ 4if;udkt*Fvdyfpum;vHk; “by” odkYr[kwf “with” jzifhaz:jyavh½Sdonf/

7/ ACCUSATIVE CASE udkvkyfaqmifrIwpf&yf\ tqHk;owftm;az:jy&efoHk;onf/ tuefYtowfudkaz:jyonf/ 4if;udkt"dutm;jzifh direct object üoHk;onf/ 4if; onf ]]rnfrQtuGmta0;}} odkYr[kwf ]]rnfonfhtwdkif;twm}} [laomar;cGef; udktajzay;avh½Sdonf/

8/

VOCATIVE CASE udk wkduf½dkufajymqdkrIrsm;üoHk;onf/

6/ pum;qufrsm;ESifh qufpyfrIrsm; (CONJUNCTIONS AND CONNECTORS)

u/ *&dpum;ü qufpyfay;aom pum;vHk;rsm;pGm&Sdojzifh tvGefwdusaombmompum;jzpfonf/ 4if;wkdYonfawG;awmrIrsm; (0gustydkif;rsm;? 0gusrsm;ESifh pmydk'frsm;) udkqufpyfay;onf/ 4if;wkdYrSm tvGeftoHk;rsm;ojzifh 4if;wkdYryg&Sdjcif;onf teufzGifh&mütvGeft"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ þpum;qufrsm;ESifh tquftpyfrsm;onfpma&;ol\ tawG;rnfonfhb,fudka&S;½IaMumif; jyonf/ pma&;olrnfonfht&mtm;ajymvdkaMumif;twdtusqHk;jzwfcsufay;avh&Sdonf/

467

c/ pum;qufESifh tqufpyftcsdKU\pm&if;ESifh 4if;wdkY\t"dyÜg,frsm;udk atmufwGifazmfjyonf/ (4if;wkdYrSmtrsm;pkudk H.E. Dana and Julius K. Mantey’s wkdY\A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament pmtkyfrSaumufEIwfonf)

1/ tcsdefumv\tquftpyfrsm;/

(u) epei, epeide, hopote, hos, hote, hotan (SUBJ)- “ When” - b,ftcg? aomtcg

(c) heos - while - pOfwGif? tcdkuf

(*) hotan, epan (subj) – whenever - b,ftcgrqdk? tcgwdkif;

(C) heos, achri, mechri, (subj)-until -wdkifatmif? txd

(1) priv (infin) – before t&if? tOD;? rwdkifrD

(2) hos- “since” “when” “as” -]]rpí? uwnf;u? &um;? aomaMumifh}} ]]b,ftcg? aomtcg}} tvm;wl? ouJhodkY? uJhodkYaom? taejzifh? ojzifh? aepOf? aeqJ? pOfwGif? twdkif;? uJhodkY? yrm}}

2/ usdK;aMumif;qifjcifrItm;qufpyfay;jcif; u/ &nf&G,fcsuf

(1) hina (SUBJ), hopos (SUBJ), hos- “in order that,” “that” -]]&ef? &eft vdkYiSg? ap&efiSg}} ]][k? [lí}}

(2) hoste (ARTICULAR ACCUSATIVE INFINITIVE) – “that” -]][k? [lí}}

(3) pros (ARTICULAR ACCUSATIVE INFINITIVE) odkYr[kwf eis (ARTICULAR ACCUSATIVE INFINITIVE) – “that” - [k? [lí c/ &v'f (&nf&G,fcsufESifh &v'fwkdYü o'´gzGJYpnf;yHkt& eD;uyfpGmqufpyfrI&Sd onf)/

(1) hoste (INFINITIVE 4if;rSm toHk;rsm;qHk;jzpfonf)- in order that “thus” ]]&ef? &eftvdkYiSg? ap&efiSg}} xdkodkY? odkYjzifh}}

(2) hiva (SUBJ) “so that” ]]&efiSg? bdkU&ef? ap&ef}}

(3) ara – “ so ” xdkrQavmuf? xdkaMumifh? xdkodkYyif

*/ Causal or reason - taMumif;w&m? taMumif;wpfckudktaxmuftyHhjyKaom

(1) gar (taMumif;&if;^tusdK;oufa&mufrI (0g) taMumif;w&m;^ ed*Hk;csKyf)- “for” “because of” ]]tbdkY? twGuf? tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf}}

(2) dioti, hotiy – “because” - tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf

(3) epei, epeide, hos - ]]rSpí uwnf;u? &xm;aomaMumifh}}

(4) dia (with ACCUSATIVE) ESifh (with ARTICULAR INFIN) – because

C/ Inferential - ,lqjcif;qdkif&m

(1) ara, poinun, hoste – “therefore” - ]]odkYjzpfí? odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh xdkodkY jzpfí}}

(2)

dio (tjyif;xefqHk; INFERENTAL CONJANCTION) – “on which account” “wherefore” “ therefore” -]]xdktaMumif;aMumifh}}

(3) oun – “therefore” “so” “then” “ conseguently” - ]]tusdK;quftm;jzifh}}

(4) toinoun – “accordingly” - ]]vdkufavsmfnDpGm}} i/ qefYusifbufjzpfaom? uGmjcm;aom? jcm;em;aom

(1) alla (jyif;xefaomADVERSATIVE) – “but” “except” - ]]rQom? rSwpfyg;? aomfjim;vnf;? apumrl}} ]]rSwyg;}}

(2) de- “but” “however” “yet” “on the other hand” - ]]odkYaomf? apumrl? rQom? rSwyg;}} ]]xd? ao;? odkY&mwGif? odkYayrJh? odkYjim;vnf;}} tjcm;wzufü}}

(3) kai – “but”

(4) mentoi, oun – “however”

(5) plen – nerver- the – less (vkumc&pf0ifusrf;ütrsm;qHk;) - ]]odkYygvsufESifh}}

(6) oun – however p/ EIdif;,SOfjcif;

(1) hos, kathos (EdIif;,SOfaom0gustydkif;wpfckudkrdwfqufpwifay;onf)

(2) kata (aygif;pyfpum;vHk;rsm; - katho, kathoti, kathosper, kathaper)

(3) hosos (a[NAJMo0g'pmü)

(4) e – “than” - xuf?om q/ qufvufaejcif; (0g) twGJvdkuf? tpOftquf

(1) de – “and” “now” - ]]ESifh? í}} ]],ck}}

(2) kai – “and”

(3) tei – “and”

(4) hina - oun - “that” – ]]xdkt&m[k? [lí}}

(5) oun, then (a,m[ef xJü)

3/ tav;teufjyKaomtoHk;tEIef;rsm;

(u) alla – “certainty” “yea” in fact” - ]]aocsmaomtjzpf}} ]][kwfygonf}} ]]trSefpifppf}}

(c) ara –“indeed” “certainly” “really” - ]]trSeftm;jzifh? trSefwu,f}} ]]pifppftm;jzifh}}

(*) gar –“but really” “certainly” “indeed” - ]]trSeftm;jzifh? trSefwu,f}}

(C) de – indeed

(i) ean –“even” “-” ]]yifvQif? awmifrS}}

(p) kai – “even” “indeed” “really”

(q) mentoi - “indeed”

(Z) oun - “really” “by all means” - tppf

7/ cRif;csufyg 0gusrsm;

u/ cRif;csufyg0gusqdkonfrSm cRif;csuf0gustpdwftydkif; (clause) wpfck odkYr[kwfwpfckxufydkíyg aom0gusjzpfonf/ þo'´gzGJUpnf;yHkonfteufjyefrIudkudkyHhydk;ay;onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

0gus\ t"duBud,monf tb,fhaMumifhxdkodkYvkyfaqmif&aMumif;\tajctaersm;? tusdK; taMumif; (0g) taMumif;&if;rsm;udkazmfjyay;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ cRif;csufyg0gusav;rsdK;av; pm;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkYonfpma&;oltaejzifh rSefonf[krSwf,lxm;jcif; (0g) ol\qE´oufoufjzpf aomBuH&G,fcsufrS qif;oufvmonf/ c/ yxrwef;pm;cRif;csufyg0gusonfpma&;ol\tjrifrS

rSefonf[krSwf,laomvkyfaqmifrI (0g) jzpfaeaom? &Sdaeaomt&m (0g) t*Fvdyfpum;vHk; “ if ”-]]vQif? cJhvQif}} ESifhjyvQifyif ol&nf&G,f aomt&mudkjyonf/ ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;ü4if;udk “ since ”rSpí? uwnf;u? &um;? aomaMumifh tjzpfbmomjyefEdkifonf/ (róJ 4;3/ a&mr 8;31)/ odkYaomfyxrwef;pm;rsm;tm;vHk;udktjzpf rSef[kqdkvkdjcif;r[kwfacs/ rMumcPyifusdK;aMumif;jyaqG;aEG;wifjyrIrsm;üjzpfap? rSm;,Gif;aMumif; tm;pdwf0ifpm;p&mtaumif;qHk;tcsufrsm;jzifh jy&efoHk;avh&Sdonf/ (róJ 12;27)/ */ 'kwd,wef;pm;cRif;csufyg 0gusrsm;udk ]]tjzpfrSef ESifh qefYusifbuf}} [kac:onf/ tcsufwpf csuftjzpf,l&avmufatmiftrSefr[kwfaomt&mwpfckjyonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh

1/ olonfrdrdr[kwfaomya&mzufwpfOD;trSefjzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif? ]] oludkzufvSJwuif;jyKaeol trsdK;orD;rnfoljzpfaMumif;ESifh xdktrsdK;orD;\tusifhpm&dwårnfodkYjzpfaMumif; olod&Sdvdrfh rnfjzpfaomfvnf;? ol (He )onfr[kwfcJh}} (vkum 7;39)

2/ ]]oifwdkYYonf? oifwdkYr,HkMunfMuaom? arma&SudktrSef,HkMunfcJhMuygu? oifwkdYr,HkMunf aomighudk,HkMunfMuvdrfhrnf}} (a,m[ef 5;46)

3/ igonfrdrdxdkodkYrjyKcJhonfht&mjzpfaom vlrsm;tm;auseyfap&ef tm;xkwfaeao;onfqdkvQif igjzpfaeonfht&mjzpfaomc&pfawmf\ aus;uRefwpfa,mufr[kwfawmhNyD}} (*vm 1;10)

C/ wwd,wef;pm;onf tem*wfüjzpfEdkifacs&SdaomvkyfaqmifrIudkajymonf/ 4if;onfjzpfEdkifacs&Sd aomxdkvkyfaqmifrIudk trSef[krSwf,lonf/ 4if;onfrarQmfrSef;aom? rarQmfvifhaomtjzpftysuf udkqdkvkdavh&Sdonf/ 0gusygt"duBud,m\vkyfaqmifrIonf ]]xkdt&m? 4if;(it)}}ESifh jzpfaom0gus tpdwftydkif;\vkyfaqmifrItay:rarQmfvifhaom (BudKwifrcefYrSef;Edkifaom) t&mjzpfonf/ Oyrm rsm;rSm 1a,m[efxJrSm 1;6-10/ 2;4? 6? 9? 15? 20? 21? 24? 29/ 3;21/ 4;20/ 5;14? 16/ i/ pwkw¬trsdK;tpm;rSm jzpfEdkifacsESifhtvSrf;a0;qHk;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm"r®opfusrf;xJawGU&onf/ trSefrSmcRif;csufESpfydkif;vHk;þt"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufESkifhudkufnDaompwkw¬wef;pm; cRif;csuf yg0gusppfppf[lír½Sdacs/ wpfpdwfwpfydkif;tm;jzifhpwkw¬trsdK;tpm;\OyrmrSm 1ay3;14jzpf onf/ tvm;wl OyrmwpfckrSm wrefawmf8;31 tqHk;owfydkif;jzpfonf/

wm;qD;jcif;rsm;

PRESENT IMPERATIVE ESifh MEPARTICLE wGJaeonfhtcg(4if;omvQifr[kwf) qufvuf aecJhhjyDjzpfaomvkyfaqmifrIwpfck&yfwefYvdkufjcif;udk txl;ajymonf/ OyrmtcsdKUrSm]]ajrMuD; ay:bP²mpkjcif;udk&yfwefYMuavmh...}} (róJ 6;19) ]]oifhtouftwGufpdk;&drfaejcif;udk&yf wefYMuavmh,...}} (róJ 6;25) ]]oifwdkY\cEmåudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm;tm; rSm;,Gif;aomwef qmyvmtjzpftjypfüay;vSLjcif;udk&yfwefYMuavmh...}} (a&mr 6;13) ]]oifwdkYonfbk&m;

ocif\oefY½Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftm;jypfrSm;jcif;udk&yfwefY&vdrfhrnf/({zuf 4;30) ]]pyspf&nf aomufjcif;udk&yfwefYMuavmh...}} ({zuf 5;18)

c/ AORIST SUBJUNCTIVE onf MEPARTICLE ESifhwGJonfhtcg ]]vkyfaqmifrIjyK&eftpjyKjcif; udkyifrjyKESifh}} [lítav;teufjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ OyrmtcsdKUrSm]]xifjrif&efpwifjcif;yifrjyK MuESifh}} (róJ 6;31) ]]pdk;&drf&eftpjyKjcif;rnfonfhtcgürQrjyKMuESifh}} (róJ 6;31) ]]oif onfrnfonfhtcgürQr½Suf...}} (2wd 1;8)

*/ DOUBLE NEGATIVE ESifh SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD wGJonfhtcgtxlav;eufpGmjiif; y,fjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]r[kwf? rnfonfhtcgürQr[kwf}} odkYr[kwf]]rnfonfhtajctaeürQ}}[lí jzpfonf/ OyrmtcsdKUrSm ]]olonfaojcif;udkrnfonfhtcgürQrMuHK&?olonfrnfonfhtcgü rQMuHK&vdrfhrnfr[kwf}} (a,m 8;51)/ ]]igonfrnfonfhtcgürQ...vdrfhrnfr[kwf?rnfonfh tcgürQ...}} (1aum 8;13)/

9/ THE ARTICLE (The ESifh a, an)

u/ Konine Greeh ü DEFINITE ARTICLE “The” (wpfckck? wpfpHkwpf&mtm;twdtusñTGef;&ef oHk;onf)udkoHk;EIef;yHkrSm t*FvdyfbmomESifhtwlwlyifjzpfonf/ 4if;onf]]ñTefjy&mjr§m;OD;}} (pointer) enf;wlpum;vHk;? Emrnfwpfck (0g) pum;pkwpfcktm; tm;½HkjyKap&efñTefjyonf/ "r®opfusrf;ü4if;udktoHk;jyKyHkrSm usrf;jyKolwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;wpfrsdK;pDjzpfonf/ þ ]]The}} pum;vHk;onf atmufygtwdkif;vnf;tvkyfvkyfEdkifonf/

1/ o½kyfjy½Sif;vif;rIay;aomemrfpm; demonstrative PRONOUN enf;wluGmjcm;csuf?jcm;em; csufudkjy&ef/

2/ tpjyKaz:jycJhjyD;aomtaMumif;t&m(SUBJECT)odkUr[kwfvlyk*¾dKvftm;&nfñTef;jcif;tjzpf

3/ 0guswpfck\uwåm;(SUBJEC)tm;qufpyfay;aomMud,mwpfckjzifhowfrSwfaz:jyjcif;t jzpf]]Oyrm}}bk&m;ocifonfemrf0dnmOfjzpfawmfrl\/(a,m 4;24)/ ]]bk&m;ocifonfcspfjcif; arwåmjzpfawmfrl\}} (4;8? 6)

Koine Greek üt*FvdyfbmomrSmuJhodkY ‘a’(or) ‘an’ (wpfck?wpfa,muf)wnf;[laom INDEFINTE ARTICLE r½Sdacs/ þtoHk;tEIef;r½Sdjcif;onf1/ wpfpHkwpfck\Muiftifvu©Pm(0g)t&nftaoG;tm;pl;pdkufjcif;

wpfpHkwpf&m\trsdK;tpm;tm; pl;pdkufjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

"r®opfusrf;a&;om;olrsm;ü ARTICLE rsm;oHk;EIef;yHktvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;onf/

*&d"r®opfusrf;ütav;teufaz:jyyHktrsdK;rsdK;

tav;teufjyK&efoHk;EIef;yHkrSm "r®opfusrf;jyKolwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;uGJjym;jcm;em;onf/ wajy; nDESifhpnf;urf;wust½SdqHk;rSm vkumESifha[jAJusrf;jyKolrsm;üjzpfonf/

AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE rSmpHjzpfjyD;tav;teufjyKrI\trSwftom;wpfpHkwpf&mryg aMumif;cyfapmapmüaz:jycJhjyD;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf4if;üteufzGifhEdkif&eft"dyÜg,fwdkaomtjcm;

umvjyyk'f? voice odkUr[kwf mood [lír½Sdacs/ xdkodkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE udko'´genf;ust"dyÜg,f½Sdaomoabmjzif toHk;rrsm;[laomoabmrouf a&mufacs/ Oyrm a&mr 6;10üqdkvQifESpfcgyifoHk;onf/

*/ trsm;oHk; Koine Greek \pum;vHk;tpDtpOf

1/ Koine Greek pum;rSmt*Fvdyfenf;wlpum;vHk;a½SUaemuftpDtpOfay:rwnfrSDbJ? tajymif;tvJjyKaombmompum;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhpma&;olonfarQmfvifhxm; onfhyHkrSeftpDtpOfudk atmufygtMumif;rsm;aMumifhajymif;vJEdkifonf/ (u) pma&;olonfpmzwfoltm;tav;teufajymvdkonfht&may:rlwnfí

(c) rdrd\pm½IolwtHhwMojzpfrnf[kpma&;ol,lqonfht&may:rlwnfí

(*) pma&;olav;eufpGmcHpm;&onfht&may:rlwnfí

2/ yHkrSef*&dpum;\a&SUaemuftpDtpOfonfyiftwnfwus&Sdonfr[kwfacs/ odkYaomfyHkrSef[k,l qxm;onfhtpDtpOfrSm

(u) qufpyfay;aomBud,mrsm;ü (1)Bud,m

(2)uwåm;yk'f

(3)jynfhpHkaprI

(c) uHyk'frvdkaomBud,mrsm; (transitive verbs)ü (1)Bud,m

(2)uwåm;yk'f (SUBJECT) (3)uHyk'f (OBJECT)

(4) INDIRECT OBJECT (5)0dbwfESifhqdkifaompum;pk

(*) emrfygaompum;pkrsm; (1)emrf

(2) MODIFIER (&Sif;vif;? wdusapaompum;vHk;)

(3)0dbwfygaompum;pk

3/ pum;vkHk;tpDtpOfonfteufzGihf&mütvGefw&mta&;BuD;Edkifonf/ Oyrmrsm;rSm

(u)

]]nmvufudkigESifhAmebtm;rdwfo[m,twGufay;Muonf}} (*vm2;9) rdwfo[m ,jyKjcif;qdkif&m ]]nmvuf}} pum;pkonfae&majymif;um4if;\ta&;BuD; yHkazmfjy&ef a&SU üwifxm;onf/

(c) ]]c&pfawmfESifhtwl}} (*v 2;20)pum;pkudka&SUüxm;onf/ c&pfawmf\aojcif;udk tv,füxm;onf/ (*) ]]4if;onfwpfppD? wpfppDESif uGJjym;jcm;em;aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifhjzpfonff}} (a[NAJ 1;1) [laomtydkif;udkyxrydkif;ü a&SUqHk;üxm;onf/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ocifonfrdrdudk,f rdrdrnfodkYzGifhjyaMumif;ajymjcif;jzpfí zGifhjyrItm;ajymvkdjcif;r[kwfacs/ C/ tav;teufjyKrItm;twdkif;twmwpfckxdazmfjyavh&SdyHkrSm

(1) yHkpHajymif;xm;aomBud,myHkpHxJüyg&SdNyD;jzpfaomemrfpm;wpfcktm;xyfrHazmfjyjcif;/ Oyrm ]]ig? igudk,fwkdifonfoifwkdUESihftwl{ueftrSef&Sdvdrfhrnf}} (róJ 28;20)

(2) arQmfvifhxm;onfhpum;qufwpfck odkYr[kwf pum;vHk;csif;? pum;pkcsif;? 0gus tydkif;csif;odkYr[kwf 0guscsif;wdkY\ tquftpyfwpfckckryg&Sdjcif;/ 4if;udk asyndeton (csnfaESmifrxm;)[kac:onf/ pum;qufudkarQmfvifhxm; aomfvnf;ryg&Sdonfhtcg tm½HkpdkufrIjyKaponf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh

(u) awmifay:a'oem/ róJ 5;3 (yg0ifonfht&mudktav;teufjy onf)

(c) a,m[ef 14;1 (taMumif;t&mtopf)

(*) a&mr 9;1 (u@topf)

(C) 2aum 12;20 (yg0ifonfht&mtav;teufjyKonf)

(3) azmfjyygtaMumif;t&mwpfcktwGif;ygaompum;vHk; odkYr[kwfpum;pkwdkY tm;xyfrH azmfjyjcif;/ Oyrm ]]bkef;toa&awmfudkcsD;rGrf;apjcif;iSg}} ({zuf 1;6?12?14) þpum;pkudkoHk;yg;wpfql\tvkyftm;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/

(4) a0g[m&wpfckESifhwpfckpyfMum;wGifpum;vHk;(0g)pum;vHk;wGJrsm; (tD'D,) rsm;udk upm;jyíoHk;EIef;jcif;/

(u) euphemisms (oG,f0dkufoHk;EIef;)- aoonf pum;vHk;tpm; ]]tdyfaysmfonf}} [ktpm;xdk;umoG,f0dkufoHk;EIef;ajymqdkjcif;/ (a,m[ef11;11-14) odkYr[kwf a,musfm;t*FgZmwftpm; ]]ajcaxmuf}} [kajymjcif;/ (½ko 3;7-8/ 1"r® 24;3)

(c) circumlocutions (vSnfhywfoHk;EIef;jcif;)/ bk&m;ocif\emrawmftm;tpm; xdk;oHk;EIef;jcif;rsm;/ Oyrm ]]aumif;uifEdkifiHawmf}} (róJ 3;21) odkYr[kwf ]]aumif;uifrStoHwpfoH}} (róJ 3;17)

(*) ajymyHkqdkyHkrsm;

(1) rjzpfEkdifaomcsJUum;ajymqdkjcif;-(róJ 3;9/ 5;29-30/ 19;24)

(2) aysmhajymif;aomtvGeftuRHazmfjyrI- (róJ 3;5/ wrefawmf 2;36)

(3) vltjzpfwifpm;ajymqkdjcif; - (1aum 15;55)

(4) t"dyÜg,fajymif;jyefaumuf&aomajymqdkoHk;EIef;jcif; - (*vm 5;12)

(5) uAsmtvuFmpmydk'frsm; - (zd 2;6-11)

(6) pum;vHk;rsm;vSnfhywfupm;íoHk;EIef;jcif;(u) ]]toif;awmf}} (Church)

(i)]]toif;awmf}} - Church ({zuf 3;21)

(ii)]]ac:zdwfjcif; ({zuf 4;1?4)

(iii)]]ac:zdwfcH&aom}} ({zuf 4;1?4)

(c) ]]vGwfvyf}}

(i)]]vGwfvyfaomrdef;r}} (*v 4;31)

(ii)]]vGwfvyfjcif;}} (*v 5;1)

(iii)]]vGwfvyf}} (*v 5;1)

(*) pum;vHk;wGJrsm; (idiomatic) oHk;EIef;yHkþtoHk;tEIef; rsdK;onf"avhxHk;pHESifhbmompum;udktajccHaomoD; oefUt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/

(1) 4if;onf ]]tpm}} udkyHkaqmifjcif;jzpfonf(a,m 4;3134)

(2) 4if;onf ]]Adrmefawmf}} udkyHkaqmifjcif;jzpfonf (a,m 2;19/ róJ 26;61)

(3) 4if;onfoem;Muifemjcif;\ a[NAJtD'D,HtoHk;tEIef; ]]rkef;wD;}} jzpfonf/ (urÇm 29;31/ w&m;a[m 21;15/ a,m 12;25/ a&mr 9;13)/

(4) ]]tm;vHk;}} onf ]]trsm;tjym;}} ESifhtNydKiffjzpfonf/ a[&Sm, 53;6(tm;vHk;)udk 53;11?12 &Sd (trsm;)ESihf EIdkif;,SOfyg/ xdka0g[m&wdkYrSm a&mr 5;18 ESifh 19 wdkY üjyouJhodkYt"dyÜg,fwljzpfonf/

(5) pum;vHk;wpfvHk;wnf;oHk;jcif;xufpum;pktjynfhtpHk oHk;jcif;/ Oyrm ]]ocifa,½Ic&pfawmf}}

(6) autos tm;txl;wvnfoHk;EIef;yHk

(u) ARITICLE (the,a,an) wkdYESifhwGJonfhtcg (*kPftif vu©Pmjytaejzifh) same]]twlwl}}[kbmomjyefonf

(c) ARTICLE rygbJ (Bud,moabmjzifh -predicate) oHk; onfhtcg INTENSIVE REFLEXIVE ]]olUudk,fwkddif}} ]]4if; udk,fwkdif}} tjzpfbmomjyefonf/

*/ Greek or®musrf;pmroHk;aomolrsm;taejzifhtxl;jyKrIudktrsdK;rsdK;cJGjcm;od&SdEdkifonf/

(1) cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmaoma[NAJ?*&dtbd"gefESifh*&d^t*FvdyfvkdwGJaomusrf;pmudkokH;jcif;jzifh

(2) t*Fvdyfbmomjyefusrf;rsm;udktxl;ojzifhbmomjyefjcif; oDtkd&Drwlaomusrf;rsm;udk EIdkif;,SOfjcif;/ Oyrm/ vHk;aphywfaphbmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;tm; (KJV, NKJV, ASV, NASB, RSV, NRSV) ]]tjynfht0udkufnDaom}}-dynamic equivalent bmomjyef usrf;wpfusrf; (Williams, NIV, NEB, REB, JB, NJB, TEV) ESifhEIdkif;,SOfavhvmjcif;/ 4if; twGufaumif;aom taxmuftuljyKusrf;rSm Baker yHkESdyfwkdufrSxkwfa0aom ]] The Bible in Twenty –Six Translation}} jzpfonf/

(3) Joseph Bryant, Rotherham (Kregel 1994) a&;om;jyKpkonfh The Emphariged Bible

(4) tvGefvHk;aphywfaphusaombmomjyefusrf;wpfusrf;ukdoHk; jcif;

(u) The American Standard Version of 1901

(c) Youngs’ Literal Translation of the Bible-by Robert Young (Guardian yHkESdyfwdkuf 1976)

o'´gavhvmjcif;onfyifyef;ysif;&dbG,f&maumif;aomfvnf; aumif;pGmteufjyefjcif;twGuf vkdtyfonf/ þtusOf;csKyft"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;?rSwfcsufjyKrlrsm;ESifh

OyrmwdkYrSmþpmwGJ twGif;ay;xm;onfho'´gqdkif&mrSwfpkrsm;ydkíem;vnfap&ef

*&dbmomrwwfuRrf;aompm½Iolrsm;udk tm;ay;ulnD&efjzpfonf/ þt"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufwdkYrSm½dk;&Sif;vGef;tm;BuD;onfrSmaocsmonf/ 4if;wdkYudkMo0g'wpfckcsrSwf&efjzpfap?

yHkaoum;csjzpfaproHk;&yg/ "r®opfusrf;\0gustxm;todk tm;ydkrkdem;vnfoabmaygufap&efajcvSrf;wpfvSrf;rQomjzpfygonf/ xdkYjyif"r®opfusrf;tm;enf; ynmtqifhjzifh teufzGifhusrf;rsdK;uJhodkYaom tjcm;avhvma&; taxmuftuljyKusrf;rsm;udk ydkrdkem; vnfoabmaygufap&ef þt"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufwdkYonf pm½lolrsm;udktaxmuftuljyKvdrfhrnf [krsm;pGmarQmfvifhrdygonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonfrdrd\ teufjyefrIrSefuefjcif; ½Sdr½Sdor®musrf;pm\vufa&;usrf;wdkYxJawGY½Sd &onfh taMumif;t&mrsm;ay: tajcjyKEdkifpGrf;½Sd&ayrnf/ o'´gonftaxmuftulltrsm;qHk;ay;aom trsdK;tpm;wpfckjzpfonf/ tjcm;trsdK;tpm;rsm;üordkif;0iftaMumif;t&mrsm;? usrf;pum;tquf tpyf? acwfjydKifpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;ESifhtvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;jzpfygownf;/

aemufqufwGJESpf

rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mtuJjzwfpDppfjcif;

þuP²rSmþteufzGifhusrf;üawGY&aomrl&if;usrf;qdkifrSwfcsufrsm;udk½Sif;vif;&efjzpfonf/ atmufygwdkYudktusOf;csKyfítoHk;jyKonf/

1/ t*Fvdyfusrf;pmrsm;\rl&if;vufa&; u/ "r®a[mif;usrf; c/ "r®opfusrf;

2/ rl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm;qdkif&mtuJjzwfpDppfrI “textual criticism” [lívnf;ac:aom “lower criticism” qdkif&mjyomemrsm;ESifhoDtdk&Drsm;udktusOf;csKyf½Sif;vif;jcif;/

3/ aemufxyfavhvm&eftMuHjyKaompmtkyfrsm;/

1/ t*Fvdyfusrf;pmrsm;\rl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm; u/ "r®a[mif;usrf;

1/ Masoretic text (MT) a[jAJo&usrf;udk at'D(100)ckESpfü&AÁd Aquiba jyKpkonf/ o&rsm;? toHtedrfhtjrifhjyrsm;? ab;rSwfcsufrsm;? tjzwftawmufoauFwrsm; ponfwdkYudkat'D (6) &mpktwGif;pwifjznfhpGufvmcJhMu&mat'D (9) &mpktwGif; tjyD;owfcJhonf/ 4if;udk Masoretes ac:usrf;wwfrdom;pkwpfpkvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ olwdkYoHk;aomrl&if;usrf;rsm;rSm Misnah, Jalmad, Peshitta ESifh Vulgate usrf;rsm;enf; wljzpfonf/

2/ Septuagint(LXX)tvufZjE´m;NrdKUpmMunfhwdkuftwGuf wd,ajrmufawmfvrDbk&ifBuD; \(285-246bDpD) axmufyhHrSKjzifh*sL;usrf;wwfq&mBuD;70OD;wdkYt&uf 70 twGif; jyKpkcJhMuaomusrf;[kac:onf/ xdkodkbmomjyef&eftvufZjE´m;NrdKUüaexdkifol *sL; acgif;aqmifwpfOD;arwåm&yfcHcJhjcif;jzpfonf[k,lqMuonf/ þtaMumif;tm; “Letter of Aristeas” üawG&onf/ LXX onfrMumcPyif&AÁd Aguiba \rl&if; usrf;(MT) ESifhuGJjym;aom a[jAJrl&if;usrf;wpfusrf;tm;trSDjyKaMumif;awGY& onf/

3/ Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) þyifv,faousrf;pmvdyfrsm;udk Essenes ac:*sL;oD;jcm;cGJ xGwfa&;*dkPf;wpf*dkPf;onfa&mracwfwGif (200bDpDrS at'D70)a&;om;jyKpkcJhMujcif; jzpfonf/ yifv,faoywf0ef;usifae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;üawGU&aom þa[NAJvuf a&;usrf;rsm;onf (MT) ESifh LXX ESpfckpvHk;aemufydkif; uGJjym;jcm;em;aoma[jAJ usrf;tkyfpkwpfckjzpfaMumif;ay:vGifonf/

4/ teufzGifholrsm;onf "r®a[mif;usrf;tm;em;vnfoabmaygufEdkif&ef þrl&if; vufa&;usrf;rsm;tm;EdIif;,SOfrIonfrnfodkYulnDEdkifyHkwdusaomOyrmwpfcsdKYrSm(u) LXX onfbmomjyefq&mrsm;ESifhusrf;pmynm½Sifrsm;tm; MT udkem;vnf oabmayguf Edkif&efulnDyHhydk;onf/

1/ LXX \a[½Sm 52;14 ]]vltrsm;onfolYtm;tHhMordef;armMuonf ESifhtnD}}

2/ MT \a[½Sm 52;14]]vlrsm;pGmwdkYonfoifhtm;tHhMordefarmcJhonfESifh tnD}}

3/ LXX \uGJjym;jcm;em;aomemrfpm;rsm;udka[½Sm 52;15 onftwnf jzpfaponf/

(u) LXX ]]odkYjzpfívlrsdK;rsm;pGmwdkYonfolYudktHhMoMuvdrfhrnf/}}

(c) MT odkYjzpfíolonfvlrsdK;rsm;pGmwdkYudkyufjzef;onf/

(c) DSS onfbmomjyefq&mrsm;ESifhusrf;pmavhvmolrsm;tm; MT udkem;vnf oabmayguf&eful nDonf/

(1) DSS \a[½Sm 21;8]]xdkYaemufuif;apmifhaomolonfatmf[pfvsufuif; arQmfpif ay:uREfkfyf&yfvsuf...}}

(2) MT \a[½Sm 21;8]]jyD;vQifuREfkyfonfjcaoFhwpfaumifudkatmf[pfonf! uREfkyf\t½Sifocif? uREfkyfonfaeYtcsdefwGifuif;arQmfpifay:tjrJ&yf vsuf½Sdygonf...}}

(*) LXX ESifh DSS ESpfrsdK;pvHk;a[½Sm 53;11udk½Sif;vif;aponf/

(1) LXX & DSS ]]rdrdpdwf0dnmOfüa0'emcHjyD;aemufolonf tvif; udkjrifvdrfhrnf/ olonf tm;&auseyfvdrfhrnf/}}

(2) MT ]]rdrdpdwf0dnmOf\a0'emudkoljrifvdrfhrnf/ olonftm;&auseyf vdrfhrnf/}}

c/ "r®opfusrf;

1/ *&d"r®opfusrf;tjynfhtpHk(0g)tpdwftydkif;aygif;(5300)ausmf½Sdonf/ (85)avmuf rSmay&Gufay:a&;om;jcif;jzpfum vufa&;usrf;(268)wdkYrSmpmvHk;MuD;rsm;jzifha&;xm; onf/ aemufydkif;at'D(9)&mpkcefYwGif pmvHk;ao;usrf;ay:vmonf/ *&dvufa&; usrf;(2700)½Sdonf/ 0wfjyKudk;uG,f&müoHk;aomusrf;ydk'frsm;pkpnf;onfhusrf;aygif; (2100)½SdjyD; 4if;wdkYudk lectionaries [kac:onf/

2/ aypmjzifha&;onfh"r®opfusrf;tpdwftydkif;rsm; yg0iffaom*&dvufa&;usrf;(85) cefYjywdkufrsm;üodrf;qnf;xm;½Sdonf/ 4if;wdkYteuftcsdKUrSmat'D'kwd,&mpk&ufpGJyg aomfvnf;trsm;pkwdkYrSmat'D(3)&mpkESifh(4)&mpktwGif;jzpfonf/ þvufa&;usrf;rsm wpfusrf;ürS "r®opfusrf;tjynfhtpHkrygacs/

4if;wkdYrSm"r®opfusrf;\tapmqHk; rdwÅLrsm;jzpfjcif;aMumifhuGJjym;rIydkíenf;&jcif;r[kwfacs/ 4if;wdkYteuftrsm;tjym; rSma'oEÅm&wpfcktwGif;oHk;&eftjrefula&;jcif;jzpfonf/ *½kwpdkufvkyfMujcif; r[kwfojzifh? uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;pGm½Sdonf/

3/

Codex Sinaiticus udka[jAJpvHk; N (aleph) odkYr[kwf (01) trSwftom;jyKonf/ odeawmifay:ü½Sdaom St.Catherine bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;ü Tischendorf qdkolawGU

½SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ at'D(4)&mpkumvüjzpfum LXX \"r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh *&d"r®opf usrf;ESpfckpvHk;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rsm;trsdK;tpm;tm;jzifh “The AlexandrianText” jzpf onf/

4/ Codex Alexandrinus “A” odkYr[kwf (02) tjzpfod½Sdxm;um; tD*spfEdkifiH tvufZ`'´m;jrdKUü awGY½SdjyD;(5)&mpkumv*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfonf/

5/ Codex Vaticanus udk “B” odkYr[kwf (03) tjzpfod½Sdxm;um; a&mrjrdKUAmwDuef pmMunfhwdkufüawGU½Sdjcif;jzpfjyD;? at'D(4)&mpktv,fumvüa&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ LXX \"r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh*&d"r®opfusrf;ESpfrsdK;vHk;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rSm “The Alexandrian” trsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/

6/ Codex Ephraemi udk “C” odkYr[kwf(04) tjzpfod½Sdxm;Muum(5)&mpkumv*&d vuf a&;usrf;jzpfjyD;?wpfpdwfwpfydkif;zsufqD;xm;onf/

7/ Codex Bezae udk “D” odkYr[kwf (05) [kod½Sdxm;Muum? (5)odkYr[kwf (6)&mpk umv*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm “The Western Text” [kac:aomusrf;\ t"duusrf;jzpfonf/ 4if;üjznfhpGufrItrsm;tjym;um King James bmomjyefusrf; \t"du *&dtajcjyKusrf;jzpfonf/

8/ "r®opfvufa&;usrf;rsm;udk tcsdKUaomxl;jcm;rIrsm;wlnDyHkudkvdkufumtkyfpk (3) ck odkYr[kwf (4)ckcGJjcm;Edkifonf/ (u) tD*spfjynfrS Alexandrian rl&if;usrf;

(1) P75, P66 at'D(200)cefYc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;

(2) P46 at'D(225)cefYaygvk\usrf;rsm;

(3) P72 at'D(225-250)cefYayw½kESifh,k'

(4) Codex B, Vaticanus [kac:um;at'D (325) cefY"r®a[mif;? "r®opftm;vHk;yg0ifonf/

(5) Origen onfþtrsdK;tpm;udkudk;um;onf/

(6) þtrsdK;tpm;jzpfaomtjcm;vufa&;usrf;rsm;rSm Aleph, C, L, W, 33 wdkYjzpfonf/

(c) ajrmuftmz&durS Western rl&if;usrf;

(1) ajrmuftmz&dutoif;awmfzcifMuD;rsm;jzpfonfh Tertulian, Cyprian ESifh Old Latin bmomjyefusrf;rsm;üudk;um;onf/

(2) Irenaeus uudk;um;onf/

(3) Tatian ESifh Old Syriac bmomjyefusrf;rsm;üudk;um;onf/

(4) Codex D “Bezae” onfþtrsdK;tpm;udkvdkufonf/

(*) Constantinople rS Eastern Byzantine rl&if;usrf;

(1) (5300) aomvufa&;usrf;rsm;\ (80%)

üþtrsdK;tpm;xif[yfay:vGif onf/

(2) tEÅDtkwfjrdKUrStoif;awmfzcifMuD;rsm;jzpfonfh

Cappadoceans, Chrysostom ESifh Therodoret wdkYtudk;tum;jyKMuonf/

(3) Codex A rSmc&pf0ifusrf;rsm;üomjzpfonf/

(4) Codex E rSm(8)&mpk"r®opfusrf;tjynfhtpHkjzpfonf/

(C) pwkw¬ajrmufjzpfEdkifacstrsdK;tpm;rSmygvufpwdkif;rS Caesarean trsdK;tpm;jzpfonf/

(1) rlvtm;jzifhrmuküomvQifjzpfonf/

(2) P45 ESifhW wdkYvnf;jzpfonf/

2/ rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mpDppfa0zefrIac: “lower critism” qdkif&mjyomemrsm; ESifh oDtdk&Drsm;

u/ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIay:ayguf&jcif;

1/ owdrrlaom(0g)rawmfwqjzpfjcif; (trsm;pkjzpfonf)

(u) wlaompum;vHk;rsm;aemufwpfck½Sdonfudk a&;ul;&mü rjrifvdkuf& ojzifh xdkpum;rsm;tMum;½Sd pum;vHk;rsm;tm;vHk; usefcJhjcif; (homoioteleuon)

(1) pmvHk;xyf(0g)pum;pkxyfaeonfudkrjrifbJusef&pfjcif; (haplography)

(2) pum;pkwpfck(0g) pmwpfaMumif;aemufxyfygonfudkarh oGm;jcif;(dittography)

(c) EIwfwdkufwdkifay;jcif;udka&;ul;&mü pmvHk;aygif;rSm;jcif;udkrMum; vdkuf&jcif;/ (itacism) þtaMumif;aMumifhpmvHk;aygif;trSm;rsm;ESifh toHxGufwlaom*&dpum;vHk;rsm;pmvHk;aygif;rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfay:onf/ (*) tapmqHk;*&drl&if;usrf;rsm;ütcef;MuD;? tcef;i,fcGJjcm;jcif;? pmt jzwftawmufESifh pum;vHk;csif;cGJjcm;rIr½SdcJhacs/ xdkYaMumifhpmvHk; rsm;cGJ&müae&mrSm;,Gif;umuGJjym;jcm;em;aompum;vHk;rsm;jzpfay:apEdkif onf/

2/ &nf&G,fcsufjzifh

(u) ul;a&;aomusrf;\o'´gyHkpHydkrdkyDjyifap&eftajymif;tvJvkyfjcif; (c) tjcm;usrf;ydk'frsm;ESifh wajy;nDjzpfoGm;ap&eftajymif;tvJvkyfjcif;/ (harmonization of parallels)

(*) uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtrsdK;tpm;ESpfrsdK; odkYr[kwf ykdrsm;aomtrsdK;tpm; rsm;ukd&Snfvsm;aomtrsdK;tpm;wpfcktjzpfaygif;pyfjcif; (conflation)

(C) vuf&Sdrl&if;pmü jyóem&Sdonf[kodjrifonfhtcsuftm; trSm;jyif &eftajymif;tvJvkyfjcif; (1aum 11;27 ESifh 1a,m 5;7-8)

(i) orkdif;qdkif&mjzpfap? ydkrkdqDavsmfaomteufjyefrItwGufjzpfap rSwfcsuftcsdKUtm;ab;rSwfcsuftjzpfxm;onfudk aemufykdif;ü tjcm;

usrf;ul;q&mwpfa,mufonf pm om;xJxnfhvkdufjcif;rsdK;/ (Oyrm a,m 5;4)

c/ rl&if;usrf;qdkif&m tuJjzwfpDppfjcif; (rl&if;usrf;uGJrsm;&Sdonfhtcga&G;cs,fqHk;jzwf&ef wuúaA'enf; usvrf;ñTef)

(1) zwf½I&müryDrjyifjzpfrItrsm;qHk; odkYr[kwf oHk;aeuso'´genf;rjzpfqHk;aom usrf;onfrl&if;jzpfEdkdifonf/

(2) ykdíwdkwkwfpGma&;xm;aomusrf;onfrl&if;jzpfEdkifonf/

(3) ydkrkda[mif;aomusrf;udktomay;onf/

taMumif;rSmordkif;aMumif;jzpfNyD;tjcm; taMumif;t&mrsm;rSmrltm;vHk;nDwlwef;wljzpfonf/

(4) a'ouJGjym;aomvufa&;usrf;rsm;onfrl&if;jzpfavh&Sdonf/

(5) t"duusaom"r®oabmw&m;qdkif&m aqG;aEG;rIjzpfay:&mumvwpfcktwGif; oHk;yg;wpfqltm; 1a,m 5;7-8 rSmenf;wlvufa&;usrf;rsm;ütajymif;tvJ jyKjcif;rsm;ESifhqkdifíMo0g'qkdif&mwGifydkrdktm;enf;aom usrf;rsm;rSm ydkrdkESpfouf p&maumif;onf/

(6) tjcm;rluJGrsm;\rlvtpudktaumif;qHk;&Sif;vif;csufay;Ekdifaomusrf;/

(7) 'ku©ay;aomþrluGJrsm;\o[ZmwjzpfrItm;ulnDaomudk;um;rIESpfckrSm (u) J.Harold Greenlee a&;om;jyKpkaom Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism

]]tjiif;yGg;bG,f&mvufa&;rl&if;usrf;ay: rnfonfhc&pf,mefMo0g' rSrlwnfjcif;r&Sdacs/ "r®opfusrf;avhvmolrsm;onfrdrda&G;cs,faom (0g) ESpfoufaomvufa&;usrf;onf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;xm;onfh yxrrl&if;usrf;xufMo0g'tm;jzifhydkrdktm;aumif;apvdkaomqE´r&Sdoifh acs/}}(pm 68)

(c) W.A.Criswell onf The Birmingham News ac:owif;pm\ Greg Garrison tm;or®musrf;pmxJ&Sd pum;vHk;wdkif;0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif; jcif;jzpfonf[kolr,HkMunfaMumif;ajymjy&mü Criswellu ]]&m pkESpfaygif;rsm;pGmtwGif;bmomjyef q&mtrsdK;rsdK;tm;jzifh,aeYacwf opfumvvlxkvufxJ&SdorQpum;vHk;wkdif;[m0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;wmr [kwfygbl;/ rl&if;usrf;qkdif&mtuJjzwfpDppfrI udkuRefawmf tvGef,HkMunfygw,f/ xdkenf;wlpGmbJrmuktcef;BuD; 16 tqHk;ydkif; wpf0uf[mrdpäm0g'jzpfw,fvdkYuRefawmfxifx,f/ 0dnmOfawmfrIwf oGif;wmr[kwfygbl;/ xGifvHk;oufoufjzpfw,f/ rmukusrf;&JU ed*Hk;csKyfrSmygonfht&mawGrsdK;tjcm;rnfonfhvufa&;usrf;awGrSmrSrawGU &ygbl;/ 'gudk wpfa,mufa,mufjznfhpGufvkdufwmyg...}}

SBC \*dkPf;csKyfjzpfoltrSm;uif;pifa&;orm;BuD;onf vnf;aAaoo'a&uefrSma,½ItaMumif; a,m[eftcef;BuD; 5

urSwfwrf;rSmvnf; aemufydkif;jznfhpGufcsufjzpfaMumif;xif&Sm;x,f/ ,k'rdrdudk,frdrdBudK;qJGcstqHk;pD&ifykHtaMumif;rSwfwrf; ESpfckwdkY uGJjym;jcm;em;yHk(róJ 27 ESifh wrefawmf 1)tm;aqG;aEG;&m wGifolonf ]]'g[m,k'&JUolYudk,foltqHk;pD&ifjcif;t aMumif;ay:½I jrifyHkuJGjym;jcm;em;rItm; &Sif;vif;ajymjyvkdwJht&mwpfck&SdvdkYbJjzpf w,f/ ,k'rdrdudk,frdrdtqkH;pD&ifrIrSwfwrf;ESpfckor®musrf;pm xJ&SSdw,f/ rl&if;usrf;qkdif&mtuJjzwfpD&ifrI[mtHhMobG,f&m odyÜH ynmwpfrsdK;jzpfw,f/ 'g[mao;eyfwJht&mr[kwfovdk rcdk;rcHh jyKjcif;vnf;r[kwfygbl;/ 'g[mpGrf;tm; wefcdk;ESifhjzpfNyD; t"du vnf;usw,f...}}

3/ vufa&;usrf;rsm;qdkif&mjyóem (rl&if;usrf;qkdif&mpDppftuJjzwfjcif;)

(u) aemufxyfzwf½I&eftBuHjyKaompmtkyfrsm;

(1) Biblical Criticism: Historical, Literary and Textual by R.H.Harrison

(2) The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration by Bruce M. Metzger

(3) Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism by J.H Greenlee

aemufqufwGJ oHk;

cufqpft"dyÜg,f&Sif;vif;csuf

Adoptionism ]]om;jzpfapjcif;?arG;pm;jcif;}} 4if;rSma,½Ionfbk&m;jzpfjcif;ESifhqkdifaom ueOD;umv tjrifwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ tajccHtm;jzifha,½Ionfu@tm;vHk;ü yHkrSefomrefvlom;yifjzpfum ola&ESpfr*FvmcH,lcsdefü(róJ 3;17/ rmuk 1;11) odkYr[kwfjyef&Sifxajrmufcsdefü (a&mr 1;4) bk&m;ocif onfolYtm;txl;t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;jzifhom;awmft&mücsD;ajr§mufonf[laomtqkdjzpf\/ a,½IonfpH wif&atmiftouf&SifcJhojzifhtcsdefwpfcsdef (a&ESpfr*FvmcHcsdefjyef&Sifxajrmufcsdef) bk&m;ocifonf olYudkrdrd ]]om;awmf}} tjzpfcsD;ajr§mufonf/ (a&mr 1;4/ zd 2;9)/ 4if;rSmueOD;toif;awmfumvESifh&Spf&mpkwdkYüvlenf;pkwdkY\tjrifjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf vlom; wpfa,mufjzpfvmonfhtpm; (vl0ifpm;awmfrljcif;) þtjrifonf4if;udkajymif;jyefvSefum vludk bk&m;jzpfvmaponf/ om;awmfbk&m;jzpfol a&S;rqGuyifwnf&SdvmcJholbk&m;jzpfaoma,½IonfpHwifavmuf atmif touf&SifcJhjcif;aMumifh csD;ajr§mufcH&onfqdkjcif;rSmrnfodkYjzpfEkdifaMumif;EIwfjzifhajym&efcufcJ onf/ olonfbk&m; jzpfcJhNyD;olrSefvQifrnfokdYcsD;jr§ifhcHrnfenf;¿ bk&m;bkef;wefcdk;awmfjzifha&S;rqGu yifwnf&SdcJhonffqdkvQifodkYxufydkírnfodkYcsD;jr§ifhcHEdkifygOD;rnfenf;¿ uRefawmfwkdYem;vnf&efcufcJ onfrSefaomfvnf; a,½Ionfcrnf;awmf\tvdkawmftm;pHkvifjynfh0pGmjynfhpHkapjcif;aMumifhcrnf; awmfonftxl;t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;jzifh*kPfjyKcJhonfrSmtrSefjzpfonf/

Alexandrian School ]]tvufZjE´m;ausmif;awmf}} / 4if;rSmor®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;enf;wpfrsdK; jzpfum at'D'kwd,&mpkacwftwGif;tD*spfEkdifiHtvufZjE´m;NrdKUüjzpfay:onf/ *&dawG;ac:&Sifyvmwdk \ wynfhausmfjzpfcJhol zdvkd\ajccHteufjyefjcif;enf;udkoHk;onf/ 4if;udkyHkyrmjyKíwifpm;jcif; enf;vrf;(allegorical)[kac:onf/ 4if;onftoif;awmfudkjyefvnfjyKjyifa&; (Reformation) acwf umvwdkifatmifvTrf;rdk;cJhonf/ 4if;udkt"duaxmufcHMoZm&Sdolrsm;rSm

Origen ESifh Augustine wdkYjzpfonf/ Moises Silva a&;om;aom Has The Church Misread The Bible? (Academic 1987)üMunfhyg/

Alexandrinus tD*spfEdkifiHtvufZjE´m;NrdKUrSig;&mpkumv*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;? Apocrypha (umodkvpftoif;awmfüoHk;aomusrf;ig;usrf;) ESifh"r®opfusrf;trsm;pkyg0ifonf/ 4if;rSm*&d"r®opfusrf;\tjynfhpHkqHk;t"duusrf;wpfusrf;jzpfonf/ róJ?

a,m[efESifh 2aum&dEÅK usrf;rsm;\tcsdKUtpdwftydkif;rsm;rSty) ]] A }}tjzpfemrnfwyfaom(Vaticanus)ESpfrsdK;vHk;ESifhwlnD aomvufa&;usrf;tm;rl&if;jzpfonf[kor®musrf;pmavhvmoltrsm;pkwkdYrSwf,lMuonf/

Allegory ]]yHkyrmjyKwifpm;jcif;}} 4if;onfrlvtm;jzifhtvufZjE´m;NrdKU*sL;bmomtodkif;t0dkif;rSxGef; um;vmaomor®musrf;pmteufjyefjcif;enf;wpfenf;jzpfonf/ 4if;enf;udktvufZjE´m;NrdKUom;zDvkd (Philo)onfvlodrsm;xifay:ausmfMum;aponf/ 4if;\t"dutcsufrSm or®musrf;pm\ordkif;aemuf cHESifhusrf;pum;tquftpyftaMumif;t&moabmudkvpfvsL½Ium or®musrf;pmtm;,Ofaus;rI"avh

xHk;pH(0g)awG;ac:ajrmfjrifrIoabmw&m;wpf&yfESifhtH0if*Gifusjzpfapvkdjcif;jzpfonf/

4if;onfor®m usrf;pmusrf;csufwkdif;\aemufuG,fü zHk;uG,faeaom(0g)0dnmOfa&;&mt"dyÜg,f&Sdonf[kqdkum4if; udk&SmazGazmfxkwf&eftm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ a,½IonfróJ 13 üvnf;aumif;? aygvkonf*vmwd 4 vnf;aumif; or®musrf;w&m;tm;azmfjy&efyHkOyrmjyKumwifpm;azmfjyrIoHk;aMumif;rSmrSefygonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap 4if;wkdYrSmtrsdK;tpm;jcif; EIdif;,SOfjyjcif;jzpfumyHkyrmjyKjcif;pifppfr[kwfacs/

Analytical Lexicon ]]cJGjcrf;pdwfjzmrIjyKaoma[NAJ? *&dtbd'gef}} 4if;rSm"r®opfusrf;p&Sd*&dpum;vHk; wkdif;od&Sdap&efavhvmrIwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;ü*&dtu©&mtpOfvdkufyHkpHESifhtajccHt"dyÜg,f&Sif;vif; jcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/ pmvHk;csif;,SOfíbmomjyefaom(interlinear translation)usrf;wpfusrf;ESifhwGJí oHk;ygu*&dbmomruRrf;usifaom,HkMunfaompm½Iolrsm;tm;*&d"r®opfusrf;udko'´genf;usESifh0guszJGUp nf;yHkrsm;jzifhcJGjcrf;pdwfjzmíavhvmEkdif&eftaxmuftuljyKonf/

Analogy of Scripture ]]or®musrf;pm\qifwlrItm;EIdif;,SOfavhvmjcif;}} / or®musrf;pmwpfckvHk; bk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;jcif;jzpfí txJ&SdtaMumif;t&mrsm;wpfckESifhwpfckqefYusifzDvmrjzpfbJ wpfckESifh wpfcktjyeftvSefjznfhqnf;ay;onf[laomtjriftwGufoHk;aompum;pkjzpfonf/ þwiful;t wnfjyKjcif;onf or®musrf;pmtm;teufzGifh&mü tvm;qifwlaomusrf;NydKifrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;\ tajccHrljzpfonf/

Ambiguity ]]roJuGJaomt"dyÜg,f}} pmjzifha&;om;aomrSwfwrf;rSwf&mwpfckü jzpfEkdifacs&Sdaom t"dyÜg,f ESpfrsdK;(0g)odkYxufydkaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;ukdwpfcsdefwnf;üñTef;qkdazmfjy&mrSjzpfay:aom raocsm? ra&&mrIudkac:qkdonf/ a,m[efonfþroJruGJjzpfrIudkwrifwumoHk;jcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

Anthropomorphic ]]vlom;uJhodkYazmfjyajymqdkjcif;}} 4if;rSmbk&m;ociftaMumif;uRefawmfwkdY\ bmoma&;pum;jzifhajymaoma0g[m&jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmvlom;qdkon *&da0g[m&rSqif;ouf vmonf/ qdkvkdonfrSmbk&m;ocifudk vlom;jzpfae[efrsdK;jzifhajymqdkazmfjyrIjzpfonf/ bk&m;ociftm;vlom;ESifh qkdifaomcE¨mudk,f? vlrIa&;ESifhpdwfydkif;qkdif&ma0g[m&rsm;jzi oHk;EIef;azmfjyjcif;jzpf onf/ (urÇm 3;8/ 3"r® 22;19-23)/ 4if;rSmtrSeftm;jzifhqifwlrIjzifhEIdif;,SOfazmfjyrIrQomjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif taMumif;ajym&ef toHk;jyKbdkYvlom;rStytjcm;a0g[m&(0g)trsdK;tpm;r&Sdao;aMumif; jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhbk&m;ocifudkuRefawmfwkdYodonfrSmrSefaomfvnf;tuefYtowfESifhjzpfonf/

Antiochinn School ]]tEÅDtkwfausmif;awmf}} 4if;rSm qD;&D;,m;EdkifiHtEDÅtkwfNrdKUüat'DoHk;&mpktwGif; xGef;um;vmcJhaomor®musrf;pmteufzGifhjcif;enf;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmtD*spfEkddifiHtvufZjE´m;NrdKU \yHkyrmjyKaomwifpm;jcif;enf;udkwHkYjyefrIjzpfonf/ 4if;enf;\t"dutcsufrSmor®musrf;pm\ orkdif;0ift"dyÜg,fudktm½HkjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;enf;onfor®musrf;pmudkyHkrSefvlom;pmayrsm;enf;wl teufjyefonf/ þausmif;awmfonfc&pfawmfüobm0ESpfrsdK;( Nestorianism )&SdonfodkYr[kwfobm 0wpfrsdK;&Sdonf (bk&m;tjynfht0ESifhvlom;tjynfht0)

[laomtjiif;yGg;rIüyg0ifygwfoufonf/ 4if;udka&mrumodkvpftoif;awmfonfvTJrSm;aomt,l0g'tjzpfowfrSwfum yg&Sm;(tD&ef)odkYa&TUypf

vkdufaomfvnf;ausmif;awmftwGif;rlt"dyÜg,fxl;jcm;rIr&Sdacs/

4if;rSmaemufykdif;wGiftqifhjrifhy½dk wufpwifhjyefvnfjyKjyifa&;orm;rsm;twGufteufzGifhjcif;qkdif&med,mrBuD;rsm;\tajccHjzpfvmyg onf/(rmwifvlomESifh uJvfAif)

Antithetical 4if;a[NAJuAsmtvuFmrsm;\pmaMumif;rsm;tMum;qyfpyfay;&eftoHk;jyKaoma0g[m& oHk;vHk;teufwpfckjzpfvmonf/ (okwåH 10;1?15;1)/

Apocalyptic Literature ]]tem*wftaMumif;zGifhjyrIqdkif&mpmay}} 4if;rSmjynfyurÇmhtiftm;BuD;EkdifiH \ usL;ausmfodrf;ydkufrIcH&aomumvrsm;twGif;toHk;jyKonfh t"dyÜg,fvQdKU0SufzHk;uG,fxm;aom ta&;tom;rsdK;jzpfonf/ urÇmhtjzpftysufrsm;udkyk*¾dKvftm;jzifh wnf&Sdaoma&G;EIwfjcif;jyKol bk&m;ocifonf xdef;csKyfaeum txl;ojzifhtpöa&;udkpdwf0ifpm;*½kpdkufonf[laom ,HkMunfrI jzpfonf/ þpmayrsm;onf bk&m;ociftm;xkwfrItm;jzifh tqHk;pGefaomatmifjrifrIudk uwday; xm;onf/

4if;üt"dyÜg,fvQdKU0Sufxm;onfhtrSwftom;rsm;qef;Mu,faomt&mrsm;pGmyg0ifonf/ xdkpm ayrsm;üor®mw&m;wpf&yfudkta&mifrsm;? eHygwfrsm;? ½lyg½Hkrsm;? tdyfrufrsm;? aumif;uifwrefrsm;\ Mum;0ifaqmif&GufrIrsm;jzifhazmfjyum taumif;ESifhtqdk;ESpfrsdK;tm;pl;&SpGmay:vGifapavh&Sdonf/ pmaytrsdK;tpm;\OyrmtcsdKUrSm (1)"r®a[mif;usrf;üa,Zausv(tcef;BuD; 36-48)? 'Ha,v(tcef;BuD; 7-12)? Zmc&dESifh (2) "r®opfusrf;róJ 24? Rmuk 13? 2oufomavmedtcef;BuD; ESifhAsm'dwfusrf;wkdYjzpfonf/

Apologist (Apologetics)4if;a0g[m&*&dpum;]]w&m;Oya't&avQmufvJumuG,fjcif;}} [laompum; vHk;rSqif;oufonf/ c&pf,mef,HkMunfrItwGuftaxmuftxm;? usdK;aMumif;jyumaqG;aEG;&ef"r® oabmw&m;t&tm;xkwfrIjzpfonf/

Apriori 4if;onftrSef[k ]]BudKwifrSwf,ljcif;}} ESifht"dyÜg,fwljzpfonf/ 4if;ütrSef[krSwf,lxm; aom,cifuvufcHxm;cJhMuonfht"dyÜg,f&Sif;vif;csufrsm;? ed,mrrsm;ESifhtaetxm;rsm;tm;jzifh qifjcifpOf;pm;rIjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ppfaq;jcif;(0g)cJGjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;rjyKbJvufcHjcif;jzpfonf/

Arianism olonfoHk;&mpkESifhav;&mpktapmydkif;umvrsm;ü

tD*spfEdkifiHtvufZjE´m;NrdKUtoif;awmfrS OD;aqmiftoif;awmfvlBuD;(q&mBuD;) wpfOD;jzpfcJhonf/ olYtqdkrSma,½Ionfa&S;rqGuyifwnf&Sd vmcJhaomfvnf;bk&m;r[kwf(crnf;awmfESifhtESpfom&csif;rwl[líjzpfNyD;okwåHusrf; 8;22-31 udkt ajccHjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/ olYtm;tvZjE´m;NrdKU*dkPf;tkyfBuD;onfpwifzdwfac:cJh&m(at'D 318)4if;tjiif; yGg;rIrSmESpfaygif;rsm;pGm&SdaecJhonf/ 4if; þtm&D,m;eDpf0g'onf ta&SUydkif;toif;awmf\w&m;0if,Hk MunfrIjzpfvmonf/ at'D 325 wGif Nicea aumifpDonfolYudkjypfwif½IHUcsvsufom;awmfonftjynfh t0wef;wlnDjcif;ESifh bk&m;jzpfjcif;tm;twnfjyKcJhonf/

Aristotle olonfa&S;acwf*&dawG;ac:&SifBuD;wpfOD;jzpfum yvmwdk\wynfhESifhr[mtvufZjE´m; bk&ifBuD;\q&mjzpfonf/ olonf,aeYwkdifacwfynmoifMum;a&;\u@rsm;pGmüvTrf;rdk;aeqJjzpf

onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomfavhvmrIESifhcJGjcrf;pdwfjzmrItm;jzifh&aomtodynmudktav;teufjyK aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmodyÜHenf;usenf;pepf\oabmw&m;wpf&yfjzpfonf/

Autographs 4if;rSmor®musrf;pm\rl&if;a&;om;rIrsm;twGufay;aomemrnfjzpfonf/ vufjzifha&; aomþrl&if;pmrsm;tm;vHk;ysufpD;paysmufuG,fcJhMuNyDjzpfonf/ tqifhqifhul;,laomrdwåLyGg;rsm;om usef&pfonf/ 4if;rSma[NAJESifh*&dvufa&;usrf;trsdK;rsdK;ESifha&S;a[mif;bmomjyefusrf;rsm;\rlv&if; jrpfjzpfonf/

Bezae 4if;rSmat'Dajcmuf&mpkumv*&dESifhvufwifvufa&;usrf;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;udk ]] D }}[k rSwfom;onf/ 4if;üc&pfawmfusrf;rsm;? wrefawmf0wåKESifhtcsdKUaomtaxGaxGMo0g'pmrsm;yg0if onf/ usrf;ul;q&mrsm;\jznfhpGufcsuftawmfrsm;rsm;jzifhxl;jcm;rI&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm King James Version aemufuG,fut"du*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfaom ]] Textus Receptus }} \tajccHjzpfonf/

Bias 4if;rSmtaMumif;t&modkYr[kwf tjrifwpfrsdK;tm;wiful;íjyif;xefpGmESpfoufrItm;azmfjy&efoHk; aoma0g[m&jzpfonf/ txl;oD;oefYtaMumif;t&m odkYr[kwf ½IjrifyHkwpf&yftm;rdrdqE´\ iJhuGufrI uif;&Sif;pGmr½IjrifEkdifaom pdwfaeoabmudkajymjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmrsufESmvkdufaomtaetxm; wpfrsdKjzpfonf/

Biblical Authority ]]or®musrf;pm\tcGifhtmPm}} þa0g[m&udkt"dyÜg,ftxl;wvnftwGufoHk; onf/ rl&if;pma&;olonfrdrdacwfumvüajymaomt&mudkem;vnfum xkdor®mw&m;udkuRefawmfwkdY acwfütoHk;jyKjcif;tjzpft"dyÜg,f&Sif;vif;rIay;Muonf/ uRefawmfwdkY\wpfckwnf;aomtcGifhtmPm ydkifvrf;jytjzpfor®musrf;pmtm;½Ijrifjcif;udkor®musrf;pm\tcGifhtmPm[kt"dyÜg,f&Sif;vif;csufay; Muonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapvuf&Sdumv? rqDavsmfaomteufjyefrIrsm;udktaMumif;jyKum uREkfyfonf ordkif;aMumif;ESifho'´genf;usbmomjyefjcif;enf;rSmenf;wl or®musrf;pm\tcGifhtmPmudkuefYowf xm;ygonf/

Canon þa0g[m&udk0dnmOfawmftm;jzifhtwktEIdif;uif;aomrIwfoGif;a&;om;onfhtrsm;tm;azmfjy &efoHk;onf/ 4if;rSm"r®opfusrf;ESpfckpvHk;udkajymjcif;jzpfonf/

Christocentric þa0g[m&udka,½I\ A[dkcsufrjzpfjcif;tm;ajym&efoHk;onf/ a,½IrSmor®musrf;pm wpftkyfvHk;\ocifjzpfonf[laom oabmjzifhuREkfyfoHk;ygonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;onfolYudkñTefjy um olonf4if;\jynfhpHkjcif;ESifhyef;wdkifjzpfonf/ (róJ 5;17-48)

Commentary txl;oD;oefYokawoejyKpmtkyftrsdK;tpm;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;onfor®musrf;pmxJ usrf;wpfusrf;\a,bk,saemufcHordkif;udkazmfjyonf/ xdkYjyifusrf;wpfusrf;\tykkdif;wpfykdif;\ t"dyÜg,fudk&Sif;jy&eftm;xkwfonf/ tcsdKUaomusrf;jyKolrsm;onf vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;ukdtm½Hkpdkuf umtcsdKUwkdYurlusrf;udkenf;ynmususavhvmrIudkydkí*½kjyKmMuonf/

þpmtkyfrsm;rSmtaxmuft uljyKaomfvnf; rdrdudk,fwkdifavhvmrIjyKNyD;üom4if;usrf;wdkYudkavhvmoifhonf/ teufzGifhusrf;a&;

ol\teufzGifhrIwdkYudkqef;ppfjcif;rjyKbJrnfonfhtcgürQrvufcH&acs/ uGJjym;jcm;em;aom"r®oabm w&m;½Iaxmifhrsm;rSteufzGifhusrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfavhvmjcif;onftaxmuftuljzpfap avh&Sd\/

Concordance or®musrf;pmavhhvmrItwGufokawoejyKjcif;qdkif&mvufpGJwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm pum;vHk;wdkif;"r®a[mif;? "r®opfusrf;rsm;üawGU&aomae&mjypm&if;jzpfonf/ trsdK;rsdK;taxmuft uljyKyHkrsm;rSm (1) t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;wdkif;\ a[NAJ odkYr[kwf *&dpum;vHk;udkowfrSwfjcif; (2) wlnDaoma[NAJ(0g)*&dpum;vHk;toHk;jyK&mtvm;wlusrf;ydk'frsm;EIdif;,SOfazmfjyjcif; (3) rwlaom a[NAJ(0g)*&dpum;ESpfvHk;tm;t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;wnf;jzifh bmomjyefonfhae&mudkjyojcif; (4) pum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm;usrf;wpfusrf;üjzpfap? rl&if;pma&;olwpfOD;ujzpfap tBudrfaygif;rnfrQoHk; aMumif;azmfjyjcif; (5) usrf;csuf^ydk'fwpfcktm;or®musrf;pmxJ&SmazGawGU&SdEkdif&efulnDjcif;wdkYjzpf onf/ (Walter Clark’s How to Use New Testament Greek Study Aids, pp.54-55)

Dead Sea Scrolls ]]yifv,faousrf;pmvdyfrsm;}} 4if;rSmyifv,faoteD;wGif 1947 ckESpf üawGU&Sdaoma[NAJESifhtm&rdpum;jzifha&;onfha&S;acwfpmwGJrsm;jzpfonf/ 4if;wkdYrSmyxr&mpkESpft wGif;*sL;bmom*dkPf;\bmoma&;pmMunfhwkdufrsm;jzpfonf/ a&mrvlrsdK;wdkY\odrf;ydkufrIESifh rsdK;cspf orm;rsm;tMum;at'D 60 jynfhESpfumvrsm;twGif;zdpD;rIrsm;aMumifhom;a&vdyfpmrsm;udk tvHkydwf umwHqdyfcwf aomc&m;tdk;rsm;txJausmuf*lrsm; (0g) wGif;aygufrsm;twGif; 0Sufxm;Mujcif; jzpfonf/ 4if;wkdYonf yxr&mpk ygvufpwkdif;\orkdif;aMumif;udkem;vnfoabmaygufapum Masoretic Text ("r®a[mif;a[NAJusrf;) onftapmydkif;bD?pDESpfumvrsm;wkdifatmif tvGefwdusrSef uefaMumif;twnfjyKonf/ 4if;wkdYudk ]] DSS }} [ktwdkaumufemrnfowfrSwfonf/Deductive wwåaA'enf; odkYr[kwf usdK;aMumif;qifjcifrIenf;wpfrsdK;jzpfum? a,bk,soabm ed,rrsm;rS twdtusvufawGUususqifjcifoHk;oyfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmwwåaA'enf;usqifjcif;rI ESifh qefUusif bufjzpfonf/ txl;jyKavhvmrIrSonf taxGaxGed*Hk;csKyf (oDtdk&D) rsm;xkwfazmfjcif; jzpfonf/

Dialectical 4if;rSmwif;rmrIwpfcktwGif; qefYusifae[ef&Sdaom (paradoxical) taMumif;t&m rsm;\ESpfzufpvHk;yg0ifaom pkpnf;nDñGwfonfhtajzudk&SmazGpOf;pm;qifjcifaomenf;jzpfonf/ or®m usrf;pm\or®mw&m;trsm;tjym;üqefYusifae[eftwGJrsm;pGm&Sdonf/

BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;vGwfvyfaomqE´? vHkNcHKjcif;-pGJNrJjcif;? ,HkMunfjcif;-vkyfaqmifjcif;? qHk;jzwfcsuf-wjynfhawmf jzpfjcif;? c&pf,mefvGwfvyfrI-c&pf,mefwm0ef0w¬&m;--pojzifh/

Diaspora 4if;rSmuwdawmfjynf\ yx0De,fedrdwfjyifywGifaexdkifol tjcm;*sL;rsm;udkazmfjy&ef ygvufpwdkif;a'oae *sL;rsm;toHk;jyKaom *&da0g[m&jzpfonf/

Dynamic equivalent ]]tjynfht0udkufnDjcif;}} 4if;rSmor®musrf;pm bmomjyefjcif;oDtdk&dwpfckjzpfonf/ or®musrf;pm;bmomjyefjcif;[lonf rl&if;a[NAJpum;vHk; (0g) *&dpum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm; rdrd\pum;vHk; wpfvHk;jzifhazmfjyvdkufjcif;rSonfrl&if;pum;vHk; oHk;EIef;yHkESifh pum;vHk;pkpnf;yHkwkdYudk ydkíavsmhxGufum?

4if;wkdYtm;jzifhazmfjyaomtawG;udkomvQif bmomjyefjcif;odkY tqifhvdkufajymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf[kqdkEdkif onf/ þoDtdk&DESpfckMum;ü ]]tjynfht0udkufnDjcif;}} (dyramic eqvivalent )url rl&if;pmudktav;teuf jyif&eftm;xkwfaomfvnf; acwfopfo'´genf;ESifh toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifh bmomjyefonf/ bmomjyefjcif;qkdif &m oDtdk&DtrsdK;rsdK;wkdYtaMumif;tvGefaumif;aom aqG;aEG;rIwpfckrSm Fee ESifh Stuart wkdYa&;om;aomHow to Read the Bible for All It’s Worth, p-35 ESifh Robert Bratcher \TEV ed'gef;pum;jzpfonf/

Eclectic - þa0g[m&udk rl&if;usrf;qdkif&m pDpftuJjzwfrIESifh qkdifíoHk;onf/ rl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm;ESifh eD;pyfaom rl&if;usrf;wpfckowfrSwfEdkif&ef rluGJ*&drl&if;usrf;rsm;tm;a&G;cs,fjcif;udk &nfñGef;onf/ 4if; onf*&drl&if;tkyfpkwpfckcktm;rl&if;tjzpftwif;rSwf,ljcif;udkjiif;y,fonf/

Eisegesis - 4if;rSm exegesis ESifh qefusifbufjzpfonf/ Exegesis onfrlvpma&;ol\ BuH&G,fcsufudk ]]azmfxkwfonf}} qdkvQif? Eisegesis onfbmomjcm;wpfck\ tawG;udk ]]xnfhoGif;}} jcif;tm;qdkvdkonf/

Etymology ]]pum;vHk;rsm;\ rlvZpfjrpfudkavhvmaomynm}} 4if;rSmpum;vHk;rsm;tm;avhvmrI\ u@ wpfckjznfNyD;pum;vHk;wpfvHk;\ rlvteuft"dyÜg,fudktwnfjyKajymEdkif&ef tm;xkwfrIjzpfonf/ þrl&if; t"dyÜg,fudktajccHjcif;jzifh txl;wvnfoHk;EIef;yHkwkdYudk ydkívG,fulpGmcGJjcm;od&SdEdkifonf/ teufjyef&mü pum;vHk;\ZpfjrpfrSm t"dutm½Hkpdkuf&mr[kwfbJ a&;om;aomumvESifh acwfNydKif t"dyÜg,fESifh oHk;EIef;yHk rsm;rSmt"dutm½HkjyK&mjzpfonf/

Exegesis usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'ftm;teufjyefjcif;vkyfief;qkdif&ma0g[m&jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]azmfxkwfonf}} [kt"dyÜg,f&um? rl&if;pma&;ol\&nf&G,fcsuftm; ordkif;aMumif;pmtquftpyf? 0guswnfaqmufyHkESifh pum;vHk;\acwfNydKif(a&;om;csdef) t"dyÜg,frsm;tm;jzifh em;vnf&eftm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/

Genre - 4if;rSmjyifopfpum;vHk;jzpfNyD; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom pmaytrsdK;tpm;sm;udk jyonf/ 4if;rSmpmay ta&;tom;rsm;tm;wlnDaom vu©Pmrsm;tvdkufpmaytrsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdodkYcGJjcm;&mü ordkif;qdkif&m ta&;tom;? uAsm? tvuFm? okwåHpum;rsm;? tem*wfüjzpfysufrnfht&mrsm;? Ynwfcsuf? Oya'qdkif&mponfhwdkYjzpf\/

Gnosticism ]]aemhpwpft,l0g'}} rdrdwkdYod&orQrSm þvGJrSm;aom t,l0g'onf 'kwd,&mpkESpfumv aemhpwpfpmayrsm;rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomftpjyKpdwful;rsm;rSm yxr&mpk (ESifhrwdkifrD) umvrsm;ü &SdcJhNyDjzpfonf/ 'kwd,&mpkumv Valentian ESifh Cerinthian Gnosticism t,l0g'rsm;taMumif;tcsdKUu þodkYazmf jycJhMuonf/ (1) ½kyf0w¬KESifh emrf0dnmOfwdkYrSm wnf&Sdazmfwnf&Sdzufrsm;jzpfonf/ ½kyf0w¬Konf qdk;oGrf;í emrf0dnmOfrSmaumif;jrwfonf/ emrf0dnmOfjzpfaombk&m;onf yHkyef;oP²mefESifhjzpfaomqdk;oGrf;onfh ½kyf0w¬Kü wdkuf½dkufyg0ifygwfoufjcif;rjyKEdkifacs/ (2) bk&m;ESifh 0w¬Kypönf;Mum;qif;oufolrsm; (eons odkYr[kwf aumif;uifwrefe,fy,ftqifh)/ tedrfhqHk; (0g) aemufydwfqHk;rSmpBuFm0|m (Kosmos)udk zefqif;aom"r®a[mif;usrf;xJazmfjyonfh YHWH jzpfonf/ (3) a,½Ionf YHWH

uJhodkYqif;oufolwpfyg;jzpfaomfvnf; tcsdK;tqtm;jzifh YHWH xufydkíjrifhum? ppfrSefaombk&m; xufydkíeD;uyfonf/ tcsdKUwdkYonf olUudktjrifqHk;tjzpfxm;aomfvnf; bk&m;xufydkavsmhenf;NyD;? vl0ifpm;ol bk&m;r[kwfacs[kqdkMuonf/ (a,m[ef 1;14) ½kyf0w¬K[lonfqdk;oGrf;ojzifha,½Ionfvl om;ukd,fcE¨m&SdonfqdkvQif bk&m;rjzpfEdkifacs/ olonf0dnmOf\wapäjzpfonf/ (1a,m1;1-3/ 4;1-6)/ (4) u,fwifjcif;udk a,½Itm;,HkMunfjcif;ESifh txll;oD;oefY vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;uomvQifodaomtodynmESifh aygif;pyfjcif;tm;jzifh&&Sdonf/ aumif;uifbHkt&yfrsm;udkjzwfoef;oGm;Edkif&eftodynm(pum;0Suf) vkdtyf onf/ bk&m;xHawmfa&mufEdkif&ef *sL;bmoma&;ynwfw&m;vnf;vkdtyfonf/ aemhpwpfrdpäm'dXdq&mrsm;onf qefYusifbufudk,fusifhw&m;pHepfESpfrsdK;axmufcHMuonf/ (1) vltcsdKUtwGufu,fwifjcif;&&eftouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHvHk;0rvdktyfacs/ olwdkYtwGufu,fwifjcif;ESifh0dnmOf vljzpfjcif;wdkYudk aumif;uifwrefqkdif&me,fy,f (eons) rSwqifh&aomtodynm (pum;0Suf) xJxkyfydk; xnfhoGif;ay;onf/ odkYr[kwf (2) tjcm;olrsm;twGufrltouf&Sifjcif;yHkpHrSm u,fwifjcif;twGuftqHk; tjzwfay;aomt&mjzpfonf/ olwdkYonfppfrSefaom 0dnmOfvljzpfjcif;\taxmuftxm;tjzpftajccHESpf odrfhrIrsm;rcH,lbJ? tvGefESdrfhcs½dk;pif;pGm touf&Sifjcif;yHkpHudktav;teufxm;Muonf/

Hermeneutous teufzGifhjcif;udk vrf;ñTefaom ed,rrsm;twGufoHk;aom a0g[m&jzpfonf/ 4if;üwdusaom vrf;ñTefrIrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrI (qkvufaqmif - gift) ESpfrsdK;vHk;yg0ifonf/ or®musrf;pm teufzGifhjcif;ü trsdK;tpm;ESpfrsdK;yg0ifonf/ a,bk,sed,rrsm;ESifh txl;ed,rrsm;[líjzpfonf/ 4if;onfor®musrf;pmü awGU&aompmaytrsdK;tpm;rsm;ESi qdkifonf/ pmaytrsKd;tpm; (genre )wpfckpDü udk,fydkifoyfoyfvrf; ñGefrIrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; wlnDaomt,ltqrsm;ESifh teufjyefjcif;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;vnf;&Sdonf/

Higher Criticism - 4if;rSmordkif;aMumif;qdkif&mESifh usrf;wpfusrf;\pmayzGJUpnf;yHkudk tm½Hkpkdufum? or®musrf;pmtm;bmomjyefjcif;enf;jzpfonf/

Idiom pum;vHk;wpfvHk;csif;\ t"dyÜg,ftm;jzifhr[kwf? pum;vHk;csif;qufpyfrI\yHkrSef t"dyÜg,ftm;jzifh vnf;r[kwfbJ rl&if;rdcifbmompum;ajymolrsm;oHk;EIef;yHkudkvkdufí t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom pum;vHk;wGJrsm;jzpf onf/ Oyrmt*FvdyftD'D,H “to do with” \t"dyÜg,frSmESifhqdkifonf/ (concerned, related) jcif;rsdK; jzpfonf/

Illumination bk&m;ocifonf vlom;tm;pum;ajymjcif;twGuf ay;aomemrnfjzpfonf/ a0g[m&oHk;ck jzifhazmfjyonf/ (1) zGifhjyawmfrljcif;-bk&m;ocifon vlYordkif;xJvkyfaqmifawmfrlcJhonf/ (2) rIwfoGif; awmfrljcif; - bk&m;ocifonf rdrdvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh 4if;wkdY\rSefuefaom t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkjcif;udkay;um? 4if;tm;vlom;rsm;twGuf rSwfwrf;wif&vltcsdKUa&G;cs,fonf/ (3) &Sif;vif;jyojcif; - bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrd zGifhjyawmfrljcif;tm;vlom;rsm;em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ulnDjcif;wkdY rdrd\0dnmOfawmfudk ay;xm;onf/

Inductive 4if;rSmoD;oefYoabmrSwpfckvHk;NcHKiHkjcif;oabmodkYajymif;oGm;aom wwåaA'enf; (0g) qifjcif awG;ac:jcif;enf;pHepfjzpfonf/ acwfopfodyÜHynm\ vufawGUprf;oyfaomenf;pepfjzpfonf/ rlvtm; jzifht&pöwdkw,f\csOf;uyfenf;jzpfonf/

Interlinear or®musrf;udka&om;&m bmompum;rsm;rwwfajrmufolwkdY or®musrf;pm\ t"dyÜg,fESifh wnfaqmufyHkrsm;pDppfavhvmEdkif&ef ulnDay;aomud&d,mwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmrl&if; bmompmvHk;wpfvHk;csif;\atmufü t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;wpfvHk;csif;xm;&Sdonf/ þuJhodkYaom usrf;wpfusrf;tm; ]]pDppf avhvmaomtbd"gef}} (a[NAJ? *&d) ESifh wGJzufygua[NAJESifh *&d yHkpHtajccHt"dyÜg,f&Sif;vif;csufrsm;&&Sd vdrfhrnf/

Inspiration bk&m;ocifonf rdrdzGifhjyawmfrljcif;tm;rSefuefpGmESifh &Sif;vif;pGmrSwfwrf;wif&ef or®musrf;pm a&;om;olrsm;udk vrf;jyvsuf? vlom;rsm;tm;pum;ajymcJhjcif;tm;azmfjy&efoHk;onf/ þ,HkMunfrIudk a0g[m&oHk;ckjzifhazmfjyonf/ (1) zGifhjyawmfrljcif; - bk&m;ocifonfvlU ordkif;xJvkyfaqmifawmfrlcJhonf/ (2) rIwfoGif;awmfrljcif; - bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh 4if;wkdY\ rSefuefaom t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkjcif;udkay;um? 4if;tm;vlom;rsm;twGufrSwfwrf;&ef vltcsdKU wkdYtm;a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ (3) &Sif;vif;jyojcif; - bk&m;ocifonf rdrdukd,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrljcif;tm; vlom;rsm;em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ulnDay;bdkYrdrd\0dnmOfawmfudkay;xm;onf/

Language of description &Sif;vif;azmfjyaombmompum;/ 4if;rSm "r®a[mif;usrf;a&;om;&mü oHk;aom tD'D,Hrsm; (pum;vHk;wGJrsm;) ESifh qufpyfíoHk;onf/ 4if;onftm½Hkig;yg;tm;jzifh od&aompum;vHk;rsm; jzifhuRefawmfwdkY\ urÇmtaMumif;ajymjyonf/ 4if;rSmodyÜHenf;us&Sif;vif;azmfjyrI r[kwfonfenf;wl xdkodkYaomt"dyÜg,fvnf;r&Sdacs/

Legalism ]]enf;Oya'o0g'}} þpdwfaeoabmxm;rSm pnf;urf;csufrsm; (0g) bmoma&; qif,ifusif;yyHkrsm;ay:tvGeftuRHtav;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\vufcHrI&&Sd&ef

enf;vrf; tjzpfenf;ya'rsm; twkdif;vkyfaqmifjcif;udktm;udk;tm;xm;jyKonf/ 4if;onfqufqHa&; udkavQmh wGufumvkyfaqmifrIudk ajr§mufpm;onf/ oefY&Sif;aombk&m;ESifh tjypfjynfhaomvlom;rsm;Mum; y#dnmOfw&m;tm;jzifh qufqHa&;ü xdkrsufESm ESpfrsdK;pvHk; nDwlnDrQta&;BuD;onf/

Literal (vHk;aphywfaph) rlvpmESifh ordkif;aMumif;udktajcjyKumteufzGifhjcif; enf;vrf;wpfrsdK;jzpfNyD; tEÅDtkwfNrdKUrS pwifonf/ vlom;\bmompum;jzifha&;om;rI\yHkrSefESifh ay:vGifaomt"dyÜg,ftm;jzifh teufjyefjcif;udkqdkvdkonf/ odkYwaphyHkaqmifaomwifpm;azmfjyrIrsm;yg&SdaMumif;vnf; todtrSwfjyK onf/

Literary genra (pmaytrsdK;tpm;)vlom;csif;ajymqdkqufoG,frIyHkpHrsm;jzpfonfh uAsmtvuFm odkYr[kwf ordkif;jzpfpOftm;a&;om;pDuHk;rIyHkpHrsm;udk ñGef;onf/ pmaytu©&mjzifh a&;om;rItm;vHk;\ a,bk,sed,r rsm;tjyif? pmayyHkpHtrsdK;tpm;wdkif;ü4if;wkdY\ udk,fydkifteufzGifhrIudk,fpD&Sdonf/

Literary unit (pmpk) 4if;onfor®musrf;pmxJ&Sd usrf;wpfusrf;\t"dutydkif;cGJrsm;udk ñTef;onf/ 4if;ü tcef;i,ftenf;tusOf; (0g) pmydk'frsm; (0g) tcef;BuD;tcsdKUyg0ifEdkifonf/ 4if;rSmt"duusaom taMumif;t&mwpfckyg0ifonfhpmpkwpfpkjzpfonf/

Lower criticism ]]rl&if;usrf;qdkif&mtuJjzwfpDppfjcif;}} textual criticism üMunfhyg/

Manuscript ]]vufa&;usrf;rsm;}}*&d"r®opfusf;\uGJjym;jcm;em;aom rdwåLyGm;rsm;udkajymonf/ oHk;rsdK;oHk; pm;cGJjcm;avh&Sdonf/ (1) 4if;wkdYudka&;om;&mypönf;ay:rlwnfí (ay&Guf? om;a&) odkYr[kwf (2) a&;om;jcif;yHkpH (pmvHk;BuD;odkYr[kwf pmvHk;ao;^qGJía&;om;jcif;)/ “MS” (tenf;jyudef;)odkYr[kwf “MSS” (trsm;jyudef;) jzifha&;om;azmfjyavh&Sdonf/

Masoretic Text - at? 'D udk;&mpkumvüa&;om;aom a[NAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;udk ñTef;onf/ 4if;udk*sL;usrf; wwfynm&Sifrsm; rsdK;qufESifh csDumxkwfvkyfjyjcif;jzpfNyD/ toHxGufo&trSwftom;rsm;ESifh tjcm;trSwf tom;rsm;yg&Sdonf/ 4if;rSm uREfkyfwdkY\t*Fvdyf"r®a[mif;\ tajccHrl&if;pmjzpfonf/ a[NAJ MSS rsm;? txl;ojzifhyifv,fao usrf;pmvdyfrsm; Dead Sea Scrolls ac:txl;ojzifh a[&Sm,tem*wådusrf;onf þ a[NAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;udk twnfjyKonf/ 4if;udktwdkaumuftm;jzifh “MT”[krSwfom;onf/

Metonymy 4if;rSmpum;ajymjcif;trsdK;tpm;yHkpHwpfrsdK;jzpfum? t&mwpfcktm;\trnf;tm;4if;ESifhqdkif aomtjcm;t&mwpfckudk udk,fpm;jyK&eftoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm ]]a&aEG;tdk;qlaeNyD}} [kqkd&mü ]]a&aEG; tdk;txJ&Sd a&qlaeNyD}} [kqdkvdkonf/

Muratorian Fragments "r®opfvufa&;usrf;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ a&mrjrdKUüat'D(200)umvtwGif;a&;onf/ 4if;üy½dkwufpwif"r®opfusrf;(27)usrf;yg½Sdonff/ (4)&mpkumvtwGif;t"dutoif;awmfaumifpDMuD; rsm;onf/ or®musrf;pmygusrf;rsm;twnfjyKjcif;rjyKrSDuyifa&mrtifyg,m\uGJjymjcm;em;aoma'oEÅ& toif;awmfrsm;onfor®musrf;pmygusrf;tm;twnfjyKjcif;jyKcJhJMujyD;jzpfaMumif;jyoonf/

Natural revelation bk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrIjcif;\trsdK;tpm;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;üobm 0w&m; (a&mr 1;19-20) ESifh udk,fusifhw&m;qdkif&maumif;qdk;cGJjcif;odwwfrI^ MowåyÜpdwf (a&mr 2;1415) jzpfonf/ 4if;udk qmvH 19;1-6 ESifh a&mr 1-2 wkdYüajymonf/ 4if;onf or®musrf;pmESifh emZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½Itm;jzihfbk&m;ocifonf rdrdudk,frdrdtxl;wduspGmzGifjhy awmfrljcif;ESifh uGJjym;onf/ þ"r®oabmw&m;udk c&pf,mefodyÜHynm&Sifrsm;tMum; (Oyrm - Hugh Ross a&;aompmrsm;) ]]tdkrif;aomurÇm}} vIyf&Sm;rItzGJUonfjyefvnf; tav;teufjyKvmMuonf/ þtrsKd;tpm;oabmudkt ajcjyKum? or®mw&m;rSefvQif bk&m;ocif\or®mw&m;csnf;yifjzpfonf[kqdkMuonf/ obm0onf bk&m;ociftaMumif;od&efzGifhxm;aomwHcg;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSm txl;zGifhjyawmfrljcif; (or®musrf;pm) ESifhuGJjym;onf/ 4if;onfacwfopfodyÜHynmtm;obmm0\oabmw&m;udk vGwfvyfpGmpl;prf; &SmazGrIjyKaponf/ uREfkyf\oabmt& taemufwkdif;acwfopfodyÜHenf;usurÇmtm; oufaocH&ef4if;rSm tvGefaumif;aomtcGifhta&;jzpfonf[k ,lqygonf/

Nestorianism – olonfig;&mpkumvü uGefpwifwDEdky,f\ rsdK;ESpfacgif;aqmifBuD;jzpfonf/ olonf qD;&D;,m;EdkifiH? tEÅDtkwfNrdKUüynmoifMum;cJh&ma,½Iüobm0ESpfrsdK;&SdNyD;? vlom;tjynfht0ESifh tjynfht0 bk&m;jzpfonf[k tcdkiftrmqkdonf/ 4if;rSm obm0wpfrsKd;[laom tvufZ`E´m;NrdKU\ rd½dk;zvm;0g'ESifh uGJjym;onf/ Nestorius \t"dupdk;&drf;ylyefrIrSm rm&dtm; tyfESif;onfh ]]bk&m\r,fawmf}} [laombGJUawmfjzpfonf/ olYtm;rdrd\tEÅDtkwfausmif;awmf xGwfjzpfjcif;

udktaMumif;jyKumtvufZ`E´m;NrdKUu Cyril onfqefYusifbufjyK\/ tEÅDtkwfrSm or®musrf; teufzGifh&müordkif;aMumif;? o'´genf;usESifh rl&if;pmudk tajcjyKjcif;\XgecsKyfjzpfaom? tvufZ`E´m;rSmrI OyrmjyKwifpm;aomteufzGifhjcif;\XmecsKyfjzpfonf/ aemufqHk;ü Nestorious udk&mxl;rS z,f&Sm;um jynfESifh'Pfay;onf/

Original author (rl&if;pma&;ol) 4if;onf or®musrf;pmtm; vufawGUa&;om;olrsm;udkac:onf/ Papyri - tD*spfEdkifiHrS pma&;ud&d,mwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ jrpfurf;üaygufaomusLyifwpfrsdK;rS vkyfjcif; jzpfNyD; ay&GufuJhodkY oHk;onf/ uRefawmfwdkY\a&S;tusqHk; "r®opfusrf;rsm;udk þay&Gufpmrsm; ay:a&;jcif;jzpf onf/

Parallel passages (tvm;wlusrf;ydk'f? usrf;NydKifrsm;) or®musrf;pmwpftkyfvHk;bk&m;ocifay;jcif; jzpfojzifh4if;udktaumif;qHk;teufzGihfay;olESifh qefYusifae[ef&Sdaom or®mw&m;tcsif;csif;tm; o[ZmwjzpfapolrSm or®musrf;pmudk,füyifjzpfonf[laomcH,lcsufjzpfonf/ r&Sif;vif;? roJuGJ aomusrf;ydk'fwpfydk'ftm;teufjyef&eftm;xkwf&mü 4if;rSmtaxmuftuljzpfonf/ taMumif;t&m wpfcktm;t&Sif;vif;qHk;azmfjyonfhusrf;ydk'fwpfck&SmazGawGY&Sd&efESifh xdktaMumif;t&mukdor®musrf;pm \tjcm;ae&mrsm;tm;vHk;ürnfodkYazmfjyaMumif;&SmazGawGY&SdEdkif&efvnf;ulnDonf/

Paraphrase 4if;rSmor®musrf;pmbmomjyefjcif;\ oDtkd&DwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ or®musrf;pmbmomjyef jcif;[lonfhrl&if;a[NAJpum;vHk; (0g) *&dpum;vHk;wpfvHk;tm;rdrdpum;vHk;wpfvHk;jzifhazmfjyvkdufjcif; rSonfrl&if;pum;vHkk;oHk;EIef;yHkESifhpum;vHk;pkpnf;yHkwdkYudkydkíavQmhwGufum 4if;wdkdYtm;jzifhazmfjyaom tawG;udkomvQifbmomjyefjcif;qDodkY tqifhvkdufajymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf[kqdkEdkifonf/ þoDtkd&DESSpf ckMum;ü&Sdaom ]]tjynfht0udkufnDjcif;}} (dynamic equivalent)url rl&if;pmudktav;teufjyK&eftm; xkwfaomfvnf;acwfopfo'´genf;ESifh toHk;tEIef;rsm;jzifhbmomjyefonf/ bmomjyefjcif;oDtdk&Dt rsdK;rsdK;wdkYtaMumif; tvGefaumif;aomaqG;aEG;rIwpfckrSm Fee ESifh Stuart wdkYa&;om;jyKpkaom]] How to Read the Bible For All It’s Worth”, pp 35 jzpfonf/

Paragraph (pmydk'f) / 4if;rSm pmpkwpfcktm; pum;ajyjzifh teufjyefjcif;\ tajccHjzpfonf/ 4if;ü A[dkjyK&m tawG;wpfckESifh 4if;tm;qifhyGm;wdk;csJUjcif;[líyg&Sdonf/ t"dutcsufudkpGJudkifxm;ygu tao;tzGJUrsm;udk t"duxm;rdjcif;odkYr[kwf? rl&if;pma&;ol\&nf&G,fcsuftm; vufvGwfoGm;jcif; rsdK;&Sdrnf r[kwfawmhacs/

Parochialism 4if;a'oEÅ&"r®oabmw&m;^xHk;wrf;"avhqdkif&m xJaomhcwfxm;aom? wpfzufapmif; eif;usrIrsm;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf or®musrf;pm\ or®mw&m; (0g) 4if;tm;vufawGUtoHk;csjcif;onf vl\,Ofaus;rI"avhxHHk;pHudk ausmfvGefaMumif;todtrSwfrjyKacs/

Paradox (qefYusifaeoa,mifrSefaomt&mrsm;) wpfckESifh wpfckqefYusifjzpfum? wif;rmrI&Sdae oa,mifjzpfaeaomfvnf; ESpfbufpvHk;trSefcsnf;omvQifjzpfaom or®mw&m;rSm;udkqdkvdkonf/ 4if;

wkdYudkor®mw&m;tm; qefYusifaom bufESpfzufqufwnfaqmufonf/ or®musrf;pm\or®mw&m; trsm;tjym;udk qefYusifaeoa,miftwGJrsm; (odkYr[kwfusdK;aMumif;jyazmfjyrIrsm;) jzifh wifqufxm; onf/ or®musrf;pm or®mw&m;rsm;onf oD;jcm;wnfaeaomMu,frsm;r[kwfbJ? Mu,frsm;tm;jzifh yHkoP²mefazmfaqmifaomMu,fpkrsm;jzpfonf/

Plato (yvmwdk) a&S;acwf*&dvlrsdK;awG;ac:&SifwpfOD;jzpfonf/ ol\'óeduaA'onf ueOD;toif; awmftm; tD*spfEdkifiHtvufZ`E´m;NrdKUu ynm&Sifrsm;rSwqifhESifh aemufydkif;ü Mo*wfpwif(Augustine) rSwqifhtvGefvTrfrdk;cJhonf/ urÇmay:&Sdt&mcyfodrf;wkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mrlvyHkpHwpfck\ yHkwlESifh 4if;tm;xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfrI rsm;omjzpfonf[kqdkonf/ aemufydkif;wGif "r®ynm&Sifrsm;onf yvmwdkY\ ]yHkyef;oP²mef^pdwfxl;tBuH}} wdkYudk 0dnmOfa&;&me,fy,fESifh wef;wlxm;Muonf/

Presupposition taMumif;t&m? udpö&yfwpfcktm;BudKí od&Sdem;vnfrIjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf taMumif;udpö&yfwpf&yftm; or®musrf;pmü r&SmazGrD rdrdwkdY\xifjrifrIrsm;ESifh pD&ifqHk;jzwfrIrsm;azmf aqmifavh&SdMuonf/ þuJhodkYwiful;aompdwfoabmxm;udkiJhuGufrI (bias) odkYr[kwf wzufapmif; eif;usrI? rSef;qrI? BudKíem;vnfod&SdrI[kac:qdkMuonf/

Prooftexting (usrf;csufwpfcsufwnf;jzifh twnfjyKjcif;) usrf;csufwpfcsuf\ usrf;pum; tquftpyf odkYr[kwf ydkrdkus,fjyefUaompmpktm; *½krpdkufbJusrf;csufwpfcsufwnf;udk;um;í or®musrf;pmteufjyefjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;onfusrf;csufrsm;udkrlvpma&;ol\&nf&G,fcsufrS vrf;vTJ oGm;apumrdrd\t,ltqwpfcktm; or®musrf;pm\ tcGifhtmPmudkpGJudkifvsuftwnfjyKcsuf ,l&ef tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/

Rabbinical Judaism (&AÁdq&mBuD;rsm;\ *sL;bmom) *sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\ yHkpHb0onf AmAkvkefodkYjynfESif'PfcHcsdef (586-538 bDpD) twGif;pwifonf/ ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;ESifh Adrmefawmf \vTrf;rdk;rIz,f&Sm;cH&ojzifh a'oEÅ&w&m;Z&yf (Synagogues) rsm;onf *sL;vlrsdK;wkdY\b0ü tm½HkjyK&mt&yfrsm;jzpfvmcJhonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\ "avhxHk;pH? rdwfo[m,jyKrI? 0wfjyKudk;uG,frIESifh or®musrf;pmavhvmrI\ a'oEÅ&A[dkXmrrsm;jzpfaom þw&m;Z&yfrsm;onf trsdK;om;a&;&m bmoma&;b0\tm½HkjyK&m ae&mrsm;jzpfvmonf/ a,½I\acwfü ]]usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ bmoma&;}} jzpfaom4if;onf ,Zfyka&m[dwfrsm;\ bmoma&;ESifh tNydKifjzpfonf/ at? 'D 70 üa,½k&Svifusonfhtcg zg&d&SJrsm;BuD;pdk;aomusrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfyHkpHonf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;\bmoma&; b0udkxdef;ausmif;onf/ 4if;onfEIwfwkdufvufqifhurf;aom a&S;½dk;pOfvmusrf; (Talmud) ü &Sif;vif;onfhtwdkif; Torah (ynwådusrf; - "r®a[mif;usrf;\yxig;usr;f) tm;w&m;Oya'tjzpf teufjyefíusifhoHk;onf/

Revelation (zGifhjyawmfrljcif;) bk&m;ocifonfvlom;tm;pum;ajymjcif;udkaz:jy&efoHk;aomemrnf jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,ftjynfhtpHkudka0g[m&oHk;rsdK;jzifhaz:jyonf/ (1)zGifhjyawmfrljcif;-bk&m;ocifonf vlYordkif;xJvkyfaqmifawmfrlcJhonf/ (2)rIwfoGif;awmfrljcif;-bk&m;ocifonfrdrdvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh

4if;wdkY\rSefuefaomt"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkjcif;udkay;um?

4if;tm;vlom;rsm;twGufrSwfwrf;wif&efvltcsdKU a&G;cs,fonf/ (3)½Sif;vif;jyojcif;-bk&m;ocifonfrdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrljcif;tm;vlom;rsm;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufap&efulnDay;zdkYrdrd\0dnmOfawmfudkay;xm;onf/

Semantic field pum;vHk;wpfvHk;ESifhqdkifaomt"dyÜg,f\tqifhtwef;tjynfhtpHkudkñTef;onf/ 4if;rSm uGJjym;jcm;em;aomtquftpyfrsm;üpum;vHk;wpfvHk;\ t"dyÜg,fyGm;rsm;rnfodkYjzpfay:aMumif;ajym jcif;jzpfonf/

Septuagint a[jAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;tm;*&dvdkbmomjyefaomusrf;\emrnfjzpfonf/ tD*spfEdkifiH tvufZ`E´m;jrdKUpmMunfhwdkuftwGif;rSL;ynm½Sif(70)wdkY &ufaygif;(70)twGif;bmomjyefa&;om;cJhMu jcif;jzpfonf[ka½S;½dk;pOfvmt&ajymMuonf/ a½S;½dk;pOfvmt&tcsdefumvrSmbDpD(250)0ef;usifjzpf onf/ (trSefpifppftm;jzifh4if;tm;jyD;pD;ap&efESpfaygif;(100)ausmfMumcJh[ef½Sdonf/ þbmomjyef usrf;ta&;MuD;&jcif;rSm (1)4if;onfa[jAJ"r®a[mif;usrf;ESifhEIdif;,SOf&efa½S;a[mif;usrf;wpfusrf;udk uRefawmfwdkYtwGufayonf/ (2)4if;onfbDpD(3)&mpkESifh(2)&mpktwGif;*sL;bmomjyeftwwf\tajc taeudkjyonf/ (3)*sL;rsm;onfa,½SKudkrjiif;y,frDyifar½Sd,tm;em;vnfod½SdyHkudkjyonf/ 4if;\t wdkaumufrSm “LXX” jzpfonf/

Sinaiticus 4if;rSmat'Dav;&mpk*&dusrf;wpfusrf;jzpfonf/ 4if;udk*smrefynm½Sif Tischendorf qdkolonfa½S;½dk;pOfvmtqdkt&odeawmifjzpfaom Jebel Musa awmifukef;ay:½SdpdefYuufo&if;bkef; MuD;ausmif;üawGU½SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;udka[jAJyxrtu©&m [ ] jzpfaz:jyjyD;? "ra[mif;ESifh"ropf usrf;ESpfckpvHk;yg0ifonf/ 4if;rSmuRefawmfwdkYü½Sdaoma½S;tusqHk;pmvHk;MuD;vufa&;usrf; MISS wpf ckjzpfonf/

Spiritualizing (0dnmOfoabmjzpfapjcif;) ordkkif;aMumif;ESifhusrf;csufwpfcsuf\usrf;pum;tquf tpyftaMumif;t&moabmudkab;z,fumtjcm;pHEIef;rsm;jzifh teufjyefjcif;jyK&mü4if;onfOyrmjyK wifpmaz:jyrIESifhoabmcsif;wlonf/

Synonymous 4if;onfwdusaom(0g)tvGefqifwlaomt"dyÜg,f½dSonfha0g[m&rsm;udkac:qdkonf/ (trSefrSmt"dyÜg,fcsif;tjynfht0wlnDaompum;vHk;[lír½Sdacs/) xdkpum;vHk;rsdK;rSmtvGefeD;pyfvSo jzifht"dyÜg,fraysmufysufbJ0guswpfcktwGif; ae&mvJíyifoHk;Edkifonf/ yHkpHcsif;wlaoma[jAJuAsmyHk pHoHk;rsdK;teufwpfrsdK;tm;az:jy&efvnf;oHk;onf/ þodkYoHk;&müwlnDaomtaMumif;t&mudkjyonfh uAsm\pmaMumif;ESpfaMumif;udkac:onf/ (qmvH 103;3)

Syntax 4if;onf0guswpfaMumif;\wnfaqmufyHHkudkñTef;aom*&da0g[m&wpfckjzpfonf/ taMumif; t&mwpfcktm;tjynfhtpHkaz:jy&ef0guswpfck\tpdwftydkif;rsm;tm;pkpnf;xm;jcif;udkac:onf/

Synthetical a[jAJuAsm? tvuFmtrsdK;tpm;rsm;udkaz:jyaoma0g[m&oHk;rsdK;teufwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ t"dyÜg,fwjznf;jznf;ydkíay:vGifoGm;apaomyHkpHjzifh? wpfckay:wpfckxyfíwnfaqmufxm;onfh uAsmpmaMumif;rsm;udkajymaoma0g[m&jzpfjyD;wpfcgwpfav “Climatic” [kvnf;ac:onf/ (qmvH 19;7-9)

Systematic theology teufjyefjcif;\tqifhwpfqifhjzpfumor®musrf;pmxJrsm;udkpkpnf;íqifjcif aomyHkpHjzifhajymjy&eftm;xkwfrIjzpfonf/ 4if;onfordkif;aMumif;qkdif&moufoufxufwuúaA'enf; usjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef"r®oabmw&m;tm;trsdK;tpm;cGJumwifjyonf/ (bk&m;ociftaMumif;? vlom;taMumif;? tjypftaMumif;u,fwifjcif;taMumif;...pojzifh)/

Talmud *sL;vlrsdK;wdkY\EIwfyg;pyfjzifh vufqifhurf;aoma&S;½dk;pOfvmt,l0g' (EIwf&mZ0if) tm; eDwdusrf;wpfusrf;tjzpfa&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ *sL;wdkYonf 4if;udkodemawmifay:wGifbk&m;ocif onfarma&Stm;ay;tyfjcif;jzpfonf[k,HkMunfMuonf/ trSefrSmordkif;wpfavQmuf*sL;q&morm; rsm;\ynmpum;rsm;udkpkpnf;xm;onfESifhwlonf/ pmjzifha&;xm;aom Talmud eDwdusrf;ESpfusrf;&Sd onf/ AmAkvkef Talmud usrf;ESifhydkíwdkawmif;aomrNyD;pD;onfhygvufpwdkif; Talmud usrf; wkdYjzpfonf/

Textual criticism (rl&if;usrf;qkdif&mpDppftuJjzwfjcif;) 4if;rSmor®musrf;pm\vufa&;usrf;rsm; tm;avhvmrIbmom&yfjzpfonf/ e*dkrl&if;usrf;rsm;r&SdawmhbJ rdwåLusrf;rsm;vnf;wpfckESifhwpfck uGJjym;Muojzifhrl&if;usrf;qkdif&mpDppftuJjzwfrIrSmvkdtyfonf/ uGJjym;rIrsm;udk&Sif;jy&efESifh"r®a[mif;? "r®opfvufa&;usrf;rsm;\rl&if;toHk;EIef;rsm;(teSD;pyfqHk;) od&SdEdkif&eftm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;udk ]]

lower critiousm }} (atmufajctqifhpDppftuJjzwfrI)[kvnf;ac:onf/

Textus Receptus þemrnfrSm 1633 at'Dü Elzevir \*&d"r®opfusrf;tm;jzifhay:vmonf/ tajccH tm;jzifhydkrdkaemufusaom*&dvufa&;usrf;tenf;i,fESifhvufwifbmomjyefusrf;rsm;jzpfonfhEramus (1510-1535) Stephanus (1546-1559)ESifh Elzevir (1624-1678) wdkYrSxkwfvkyfaom*&d"r®opf usrf;yHkpHwpfckjzpfonf/ An Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament p.27 ü A. T. Robertson u ]]Byzantine usrf;[mvufawGYrSm Textus Receptus jzpfvmw,f}}[kqkdonf/ Byzantine usrf;rSmueOD;*&dvufa&;usrf;tkyfpkoHk;ckxJuwefbdk;tenf;qHk;usrf;jzpfonf/ (Western usrf;? Alexandian usrf;ESifh Byzantine usrf;)4if;ü&mpkESpfrsm;csDumvufjzifhusrf;rsm;a&;ul;jcif;\t rSm;rsm;pkyHkyg&Sdonf/ rnfodkYjzpfap A.T.Robertson uyifajymonfrSm]] Textus Receptus onf uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf r,fr,f&&ESifh rSefuefaomusrf;udkvHkNcHKpGmodrf;qnf;ay;onf}}(pm 21)[kqdk onf/ þtpOftvm*&dvufa&;usrf; (txl;ojzifh Erasmus \wwd,ajrmufwnf;jzwfjcif; - 1522) rSm 1611 at'Düt*Fvdyfbm omodkYjyefqkdaom King James Version udkarG;zGm;ay;onf/ Torah 4if;rSma[NAJpum; ]]oifMum;jcif;}} jzpfonf/ 4i;frSmarma&Sa&;aomusrf;rsm;\w&m;0ifemrnf jzpfvmonf/ (urÇmOD;rSw&m;a[m&musrf;txd) 4if;rSm*sL;rsm;twGuf"r®a[mif;usrf;\tcGifhtmPm t&SdqHk;tydkif;jzpfonf/

Typological 4if;rSmteufjyefjcif;txl;yHkpHwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;ütvm;wlvu©Pmjzifh awGY&onhfh"r®opfusrf;\or®mw&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ þtrsdK;tpm;teufzGifhjcif;rSm Alexandrian teufjyefjcif;enf;\t"dutcsufjzpfonf/ þyHkpHteufjyefjcif;udktoHk;jyKyHkrSm;,Gif;rIaMumifh"r®opf usrf;xJrSwfwrf;wifxm;onfhwdusaomOyrmrsm;udktoHk;jyKjcif;tm;uefYowfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/

Vaticanus at'Dav;&mpk*&dvufa&;usrf;jzpfonf/ 4if;udk AmwDuef pmMunfhwdkufxJawGU&Sd&onf/ 4if;ü"r®a[mif;usrf;tm;vHk; Apocrypha ac:umodkvpftoif;awmfüomoHk;aomusrf; i,f 15 usrf; ESifh"r®opfusrf;rsm;yg0ifonf/ rnfodkYjzpfaptcsdKUusrf;rsm;ryg&Sdacs/ (urÇmOD;? qmvHusrf;? a[NAJ? oif;tkyfMo0g'pmrsm;? zdavrkefESifhAsm'dwfusrf;rsm;) 4if;rSmrl&if;vufa&;usrf;rsm;\pum;vHk;oHk;EIef; yHkrsm;udktqHk;tjzwfay;&mütvGeftaxmuftuljyKaomvufa&;usrf;jzpfonf/ 4if;udk ]] B }} jzifht rSwftom;jyKonf/

Vulgate, Jerome \vufwifbmomjyefor®musrf;pm\emrnfjzpfonf/ 4if;rSma&mrumodkvpftoif; awmftwGufbmomjyef&mütoHk;jyKaomtajccHokdYr[kwftrsm;oHk;usrf;jzpfvmonf/

Wisdom Literature (ynmpmayrsm;)

4if;rSmta&SUtv,fydkif;üa&S;acwf(ESifhacwfopfurÇm) wGifawGU aeuspmaytrsdK;tpm;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmtajccHtm;jzifhatmifjrifaomb0twGuftqdktrdefYrsm; udkuAsmtvuFmrsm;? okwåHpum;rsm;odkYr[kwfpmpDpmuHk;rsm;tm;jzifhrsdK;qufopfwpfquftm; BudK; pm;oGefoifrIjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmtpktaygif;xufwpfOD;csif;tm;&nfpl;jcif;jzpfonf/ orkdif;udk&nfñTef; udk;um;jcif;rjyKaomfvnf;b0tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifhavhvmrSwfom;rIrsm;udktajcjyKonf/ or®musrf; pmüa,mbusrf;rSpíaqmvrkefoDcsif;wkdifatmif YHWH \yg&SdrIESifhudk;uG,frIjzpfonf[kqdkaomf vnf; þbmoma&;avmutjrifonfvlom;tm;vHk;ESifhtcsdefumvwdkif;twGuf&Sif;vif;aomt&mr [kwfacs/ pmaytrsdK;tpm;wpfrsdK;taejzifh4if;onfa,bk,sor®mw&m;udkazmfjyonf/ odkYaomfþpmay rsdK;udktajctaetm;vHk;ütwdtusroHk;Edkifacs/

4if;wdkYrSmtajctaewpfckcsif;wkdif;twGufr[kwf aomor®mw&m;tMurf;zsif;rsm;jzpfonf/ þynm&SdBuD;rsm;onfb0\cufcJaomar;cGef;rsm;udkar; jref;&JMuonf/ 4if;wkdYonfa&S;½dk;pOfvmbmoma&;tjrifrsm;udkpdefac:avh&Sdonf/ (a,mbESifha'o emusrf;) 4if;wkdYonfb0\tjzpfqdk;rsm;taMumif; vG,fulaomtajzrsm;twGufnDñGwfrQwrIESifh wif;rmrIrsm;azmfaqmifay;Muonf/

World Picture and Worldview 4if;wkdYrSma0g[m&wGJrsm;jzpfonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk;zefqif;jcif;ESifhqkdifaom awG;ac:ajrmfjrifa&;qdkif&mt,ltqrsm;jzpfonf/ World Picture (urÇmh½kyfyHkoGifjyif)[laom a0g[m&onf]]b,fvdk}} zefqif;aMumif;tm;ñTef;qdkNyD;]]Worldview}}(urÇmhtjrif)url]]rnfolzefqif; onf}} [laomtcsufESifhqkdifonf/ þa0g[m&wkdYonf urÇmOD;tcef;BuD; 1-2 ürlvtaMumif;t&m rSmb,fvdkzefqif;onfhtaMumif;r[kwfbJ b,folzefqif;aMumif;tm;azmfjyjcif;jzpfonfqkdaomt eufjyefjcif;ESifhudkufnDonf/

YHWH "r®a[mif;usrf;txJbk&m;ocif\y#dnOfw&m;qkdif&memrawmfjzpfonf/ 4if;tm;xGuf 3;14 üt"dyÜg,fowfrSwfonf/ 4if;rSma[NAJa0g[m&]]&Sdonf? jzpfonf}} (to be)\ CAUSATIVE yHkpHjzpfonf/ *sL;wkdYonfxdkemrawmfudktcsnf;ESD;ac:&ma&mufrnfpdk;&drfum rac:&JMuojzifh ]]bk&m;ocif}}[kt"dyÜg,f&Sdaom Adonai jzifhtpm;xkd;oHk;pGJMuonf/ 4if;rSmþy#dnOfcHemrawmftm; bmomjyefqkdyHkjzpfonf/

aemufqufwGJ av;

,HkMunfjcif;qkdif&m Mo0g'azmfjycsuf

uREkfyfonf,HkMunfjcif;azmfjyrIrsm;udktxl;wvnfpdwf0ifpm;jcif;r&Sd/ or®musrf;pmomvQif jzpfonf[kqdk&efydkíESpfoufygonf/ rnfodkYjzpfapuREkfyfESifh&if;ESD;aomolrsm;onfuREkfyf\,HkMunf jcif;Mo0g'qkdif&mtjrpfudktuJjzwfap&ef ,HkMunfjcif;azmfjyrIon taxmuftuljzpfapvdrfhrnfudk oabmaygufem;vnfygonf/ ,aeYuRefawmfwdkY\acwfumvü"r®oabmw&m; qdkif&mtrSm;ESifh vSnfhjzm;jcif;rsm;vGef;ojzifh uREkfyf\"r®oabmw&m;tusOf;csKyfudkatmufwGifazmfjyay;ygonf/ 1/ "r®a[mif;? "r®opfESpfckpvHk;jzpfaomor®musrf;pmonf0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;aom? rrSm; ,Gif;Ekdifaom? tcGifhtmPm&Sdaom? bk&m;ocif\xm0&EIwfuywfawmfjzpfonf/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ocif \rdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrIjzpfum? Obm0vGefOD;aqmifrIjzifhvlom;rsm;rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmbk&m;ocifESifhol\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGufuRefawmfwdkY\wpfckwnf;aom&Sif;vif;onfhor®m w&m;jzpfonf/ 4if;rSmtoif;awmf\,HkMunfjcif;ESifhusifhoHk;rItwGufwpfckwnf;aomt&if;tjrpfjzpf onf/

2/ xm0&jzpfaomzefqif;&Sifa&G;EIwf&Sifbk&m;ocifwpfqlomvQif&Sdonf/ olonf½lyt&m? t½lyt&m? cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkY\zefqif;&Sifjzpfonf/ olonfrSefuefíw&m;rQwawmfrlaomfvnf; cspfjcif;arwåm&SifESifh*½kpdkufawmfrloltjzpfrdrdudk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrlonf/ olonfoD;jcm;pDjzpfaomf vnf;tESpfom&csif;wlaomcrnf;awmf? om;awmfESifh 0dnmOfawmfwnf;[laom yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;jzifhrdrd udk,frdrdzGifhjyawmfrlonf/

3/ bk&m;ocifonfrdrd\ þurÇmtm;wuf<upGmxdef;xm;onf/ rdrd\zefqif;jcif;twGuf rajymif;rvJEdkifaomxm0&tpDtrHESifhvlom;\vGwfvyfaomqE´udkcGifhjyKaomwpfOD;csif;udktm½HkjyKrI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;&Sdonf/ bk&m;ocifrod&Sd? cGifhjyKawmfrIcsufrygbJ rnfonfht&mrQrjzpfyGg;acs/ odkYaomf olonfaumif;uifwrefrsm;ESifhvlom;rsm;\wpfOD;csif;a&G;cs,frIudkvnf;cGifhjyKonf/ a,½Ionf crnf;awmfa&G;cs,faomvlom;jzpfum vlom;tm;vHk;olYtxJtvm;tvmjzifha&G;cs,fonf/ bk&m; ocifonftjzpftysufrsm;udkBudKwifa&;om;xm;onfhqHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD;om;jzpfpOfukdomvkduf&aom tqifhodkYavsmhusroGm;pacs/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;onfrdrdwkdY\tawG;ESifhvkyfaqmifrIrsm;twGufwm 0ef&Sdonf/

4/ vlom;tm;bk&m;ocif\o@mefawmfjzifhtjypfuif;pifoltjzpfzefqif;cJhaomfvnf; ol onfbk&m;ocifudkqefYusif&efa&G;cs,fonf/ obm0vGefwpfckonf olwdkYudkaoG;aqmifcJhonfrSef aomfvnf;tm'HESifh{0wdkYüolwdkY\pdwfqE´jzifhtwåudkA[dkjyKjcif;üwm0ef&SdMuonf/ olwdkY\ykefuef

jcif;onfvlom;ESifhzefqif;jcif;udkxdcdkufonf/

uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;onftm'HtxJrdrdwdkY\wpfpkwpf aygif;wnf;aomtajctaeESifhwpfOD;csif;\qE´jzifhykefuefrItwGufbk&m;ocif\*½kPmawmfESifhaus; Zl;awmfvdktyfvsuf&SdaeMuonf/

5/ usqif;aomvlom;twGufbk&m;ocifonftjypfvGwfjcif;ESifhe*dkaejyefvnfjzpfapa&;t wGufenf;vrf;wpf&yfbk&m;ocifjyifqifay;xm;onf/ bk&m;ocif\twktEIdif;rJhom;awmfa,½I c&pfonfvlom;wpfa,mufjzpfvmcJhonf/ toufwmütjypfuif;pifonf/ tpm;xkd;taocHjcif; jzifhvlom;\tjypftwGufjypf'Pfay;qyfcJhonf/ olonfe*dkaejyefjzpf&efESi

bk&m;ocifESifhrdwf o[m,jzpfa&;twGufwpfckwnf;aomenf;vrf;jzpfonf/ olNyD;pD;cJhaomtvkyftm;udk;pm;,HkMunf jcif;uvTJvQifu,fwifjcif;twGuftjcm;enf;r&Sdacs/

6/

uRefawmfwdkYwpfa,mufcsif;onftjypfvTwfjcif;ESifh

e*dkjyefjzpfa&;twGufbk&m;ocifay; prf;jcif;tm;wpfOD;csif;vufcH&efjzpfonf/ 4if;udka,½IrSwqifhbk&m;ocifay;aomuwdawmfrsm;udk pdwfqE´&Sd&Sdtm;udk;tm;xm;jyKum rdrdodorQtjypfrS rdrdpdwfESifhrdrdjyefvSnfhvmjcif;jzifhNyD;pD;oGm;ap onf/

7/

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